CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>RATHER TAJAMUL ISLAM - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "profiles/works", 'action': "summary", 'controller_action': 'profiles/works#summary', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="q7sEIu0ZSIxDpetGZjPFrbGHHjVZerTvvDM2cjaY8nuzqBxoGmypd69kdjkVS/jxUDqPi/yFgclHVUmeeNCSJg==" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow-77f7b87cb1583fc59aa8f94756ebfe913345937eb932042b4077563bebb5fb4b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/social/home-1c712297ae3ac71207193b1bae0ecf1aae125886850f62c9c0139dd867630797.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-b2b823dd904da60a48fd1bfa1defd840610c2ff414d3f39ed3af46277ab8df3b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> <meta name="author" content="rather tajamul islam" /> <meta name="description" content=""I am confident in my abilities to be an innovative research scholar."I want to be judged by individual performance."I seek to work for being a renowned…" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'works'; var $action_name = "summary"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":15276,"monthly_visitors":"113 million","monthly_visitor_count":113468711,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":113,"user_count":277155150,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732434474000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732434474000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-296162c7af6fd81dcdd76f1a94f1fad04fb5f647401337d136fe8b68742170b1.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-8d53a22151f33ab413d88fa1c02f979c3f8706d470fc1bced09852c72a9f3454.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-f8fe82512740391f81c9e8cc48220144024b425b359b08194e316f4de070b9e8.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RATHERTAJAMULISLAM" /> </head>   <body class='c-profiles/works a-summary logged_out'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/profile.wjs-bundle-9601d1cc3d68aa07c0a9901d03d3611aec04cc07d2a2039718ebef4ad4d148ca.js" defer="defer"></script><script>Aedu.rankings = { showPaperRankingsLink: false } $viewedUser = Aedu.User.set_viewed( {"id":55716610,"first_name":"RATHER","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"TAJAMUL ISLAM","page_name":"RATHERTAJAMULISLAM","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-10-27T09:49:22.353-07:00","display_name":"RATHER TAJAMUL ISLAM","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RATHERTAJAMULISLAM","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/55716610/17841318/17857135/s65_rather.tajamul_islam.jpg","has_photo":true,"is_analytics_public":false,"interests":[{"id":6051,"name":"Social Development in developing countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Development_in_developing_countries"},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology"},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology"}]} ); if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/RATHERTAJAMULISLAM","location":"/RATHERTAJAMULISLAM","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/RATHERTAJAMULISLAM","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-d5e047a7-d94c-46ba-9f88-9ed262c3d560"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-d5e047a7-d94c-46ba-9f88-9ed262c3d560"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="RATHER TAJAMUL ISLAM" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/55716610/17841318/17857135/s200_rather.tajamul_islam.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">RATHER TAJAMUL ISLAM</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="RATHER" data-follow-user-id="55716610" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="55716610"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">3</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">2</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">"I am confident in my abilities to be an innovative research scholar."I want to be judged by individual performance."I seek to work for being a renowned researcher to serve the community<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55716610" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Development_in_developing_countries"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/RATHERTAJAMULISLAM","location":"/RATHERTAJAMULISLAM","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/RATHERTAJAMULISLAM","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Social Development in developing countries"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-e50ca900-daf9-4968-aa92-f6239a8cef02"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-e50ca900-daf9-4968-aa92-f6239a8cef02"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55716610" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Political Economy"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-f2b88188-55fa-494f-8aa2-95113595cf4a"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-f2b88188-55fa-494f-8aa2-95113595cf4a"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55716610" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Ecology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-603c37d5-bed2-4ff5-b333-ea9285057e06"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-603c37d5-bed2-4ff5-b333-ea9285057e06"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55716610" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Development Studies"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-d52e0cb7-feac-4778-9ae1-f4194bf9fd34"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-d52e0cb7-feac-4778-9ae1-f4194bf9fd34"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55716610" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Biology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-937681f6-05b6-48ce-b4ef-349b0a3b68af"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-937681f6-05b6-48ce-b4ef-349b0a3b68af"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by RATHER TAJAMUL ISLAM</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="73796023"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/73796023/A_Study_on_Area_Production_and_Productivity_of_Apples_in_J_and_K_from_2006_07_to_2015_16"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Study on Area, Production and Productivity of Apples in J&K from 2006- 07 to 2015-16" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/73796023/A_Study_on_Area_Production_and_Productivity_of_Apples_in_J_and_K_from_2006_07_to_2015_16">A Study on Area, Production and Productivity of Apples in J&K from 2006- 07 to 2015-16</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of scientific research and management</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">During the last decade, India has witnessed a rising trend in the area, production and yield of c...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">During the last decade, India has witnessed a rising trend in the area, production and yield of crops in the horticulture sector. Over the last decade, the area under horticulture grew by about 2.7% per annum and annual production increased by 7.0%. During 2013-14, the production of horticultural crops was about 283.5 million tons from an area of 24.2 million hectares (ha).Apple cultivation is highly profitable economic activity in the state of Jammu & Kashmir, which is famous for its quality apple. It is farm-based, labor intensive and commercially attractive economic activity. The income per acre is much higher than any other horticulture crops, if it is done in systematic way. Apple production plays an important role in improving the standard of living, per capita income and employment generation. More than half percentage of the population is engaged in the cultivation of apple directly or indirectly in the state. The present paper has tried to carry on a research on the trends ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="73796023"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73796023"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73796023; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73796023]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73796023]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73796023; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='73796023']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73796023, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=73796023]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":73796023,"title":"A Study on Area, Production and Productivity of Apples in J\u0026K from 2006- 07 to 2015-16","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"During the last decade, India has witnessed a rising trend in the area, production and yield of crops in the horticulture sector. Over the last decade, the area under horticulture grew by about 2.7% per annum and annual production increased by 7.0%. During 2013-14, the production of horticultural crops was about 283.5 million tons from an area of 24.2 million hectares (ha).Apple cultivation is highly profitable economic activity in the state of Jammu \u0026 Kashmir, which is famous for its quality apple. It is farm-based, labor intensive and commercially attractive economic activity. The income per acre is much higher than any other horticulture crops, if it is done in systematic way. Apple production plays an important role in improving the standard of living, per capita income and employment generation. More than half percentage of the population is engaged in the cultivation of apple directly or indirectly in the state. The present paper has tried to carry on a research on the trends ...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Journal of scientific research and management"},"translated_abstract":"During the last decade, India has witnessed a rising trend in the area, production and yield of crops in the horticulture sector. Over the last decade, the area under horticulture grew by about 2.7% per annum and annual production increased by 7.0%. During 2013-14, the production of horticultural crops was about 283.5 million tons from an area of 24.2 million hectares (ha).Apple cultivation is highly profitable economic activity in the state of Jammu \u0026 Kashmir, which is famous for its quality apple. It is farm-based, labor intensive and commercially attractive economic activity. The income per acre is much higher than any other horticulture crops, if it is done in systematic way. Apple production plays an important role in improving the standard of living, per capita income and employment generation. More than half percentage of the population is engaged in the cultivation of apple directly or indirectly in the state. The present paper has tried to carry on a research on the trends ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73796023/A_Study_on_Area_Production_and_Productivity_of_Apples_in_J_and_K_from_2006_07_to_2015_16","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-03-15T00:44:06.094-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":55716610,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"A_Study_on_Area_Production_and_Productivity_of_Apples_in_J_and_K_from_2006_07_to_2015_16","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":55716610,"first_name":"RATHER","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"TAJAMUL ISLAM","page_name":"RATHERTAJAMULISLAM","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-10-27T09:49:22.353-07:00","display_name":"RATHER TAJAMUL ISLAM","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RATHERTAJAMULISLAM"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography"},{"id":167332,"name":"Scientific management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific_management"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="73796022"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/73796022/_Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_Study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwalls_in_District_Pulwama_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of “Educational Status of Tribals of Jammu and Kashmir: A Case Study of Gujjars and Bakarwalls in District Pulwama”" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82178409/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/73796022/_Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_Study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwalls_in_District_Pulwama_">“Educational Status of Tribals of Jammu and Kashmir: A Case Study of Gujjars and Bakarwalls in District Pulwama”</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Gujjar and Bakarwals are two nomadic tribes of Jammu and Kashmir who have been given ScheduledTri...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Gujjar and Bakarwals are two nomadic tribes of Jammu and Kashmir who have been given ScheduledTribe (ST) status due to their migratory and backward nature. The gujjars are primarily nomads who move fromplains to the higher altitudes with their cattles as part of their annual season journeys with their livestock. The literacy rate of Gujjar and Bakkarwals is quite low. There are a number of educational provisions for migratory Gujjar-Bakkarwal populations in the form of stationary and permanent government schools at different places all over the state. But at the summer locations where the good numbers of nomadic children are available who move there with their parents, the educational facilities are again very less. For the education of the children of the nomadic populations of Gujjar and Bakkarwals, ‘Seasonal Educational Schools’ have been set up where the teachers do not accompany the nomadic children but continue to remain at the temporary camps of the nomads and provide educati...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7f9ead00c137446a06c34a2bea60668b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":82178409,"asset_id":73796022,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82178409/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNDQ3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="73796022"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73796022"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73796022; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73796022]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73796022]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73796022; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='73796022']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73796022, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7f9ead00c137446a06c34a2bea60668b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=73796022]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":73796022,"title":"“Educational Status of Tribals of Jammu and Kashmir: A Case Study of Gujjars and Bakarwalls in District Pulwama”","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Gujjar and Bakarwals are two nomadic tribes of Jammu and Kashmir who have been given ScheduledTribe (ST) status due to their migratory and backward nature. The gujjars are primarily nomads who move fromplains to the higher altitudes with their cattles as part of their annual season journeys with their livestock. The literacy rate of Gujjar and Bakkarwals is quite low. There are a number of educational provisions for migratory Gujjar-Bakkarwal populations in the form of stationary and permanent government schools at different places all over the state. But at the summer locations where the good numbers of nomadic children are available who move there with their parents, the educational facilities are again very less. For the education of the children of the nomadic populations of Gujjar and Bakkarwals, ‘Seasonal Educational Schools’ have been set up where the teachers do not accompany the nomadic children but continue to remain at the temporary camps of the nomads and provide educati...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Gujjar and Bakarwals are two nomadic tribes of Jammu and Kashmir who have been given ScheduledTribe (ST) status due to their migratory and backward nature. The gujjars are primarily nomads who move fromplains to the higher altitudes with their cattles as part of their annual season journeys with their livestock. The literacy rate of Gujjar and Bakkarwals is quite low. There are a number of educational provisions for migratory Gujjar-Bakkarwal populations in the form of stationary and permanent government schools at different places all over the state. But at the summer locations where the good numbers of nomadic children are available who move there with their parents, the educational facilities are again very less. For the education of the children of the nomadic populations of Gujjar and Bakkarwals, ‘Seasonal Educational Schools’ have been set up where the teachers do not accompany the nomadic children but continue to remain at the temporary camps of the nomads and provide educati...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73796022/_Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_Study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwalls_in_District_Pulwama_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-03-15T00:44:05.972-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":55716610,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82178409,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82178409/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"11590.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82178409/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNDQ3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/82178409/11590-libre.pdf?1647331595=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEducational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu.pdf\u0026Expires=1732423207\u0026Signature=UmtDVHgK00v9tiqVuRwgf23i4N07YtvJcQpro1cuXhfGK-hfpbocrgZBTyej-Vs0k7k99BM20lfsi~1uAa-K2nMcNXDXPgIGb10NiM8f3DDL5tvrzGS6Lb7mFVU7I~hwd~DqskTer4mUQIYEPk9B6UInlNdZIIfIb8kl0wOMNxZi5AU2~f8t0rd~ZXtXBGjO3vkJJW2FgNPncbcnP6QozieM9u91KmYOKir5tTUl-9kGF7sVi57VfAxH5Kv-Xbb0yAGfQdQ8K~x89cYamiM1RZUQpbhyTUQXwNvgUklYbtN1WaVbc0uZi94M2DXfGXA6mBFMkDQssZipCA3c4hNusQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"_Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_Study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwalls_in_District_Pulwama_","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":55716610,"first_name":"RATHER","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"TAJAMUL ISLAM","page_name":"RATHERTAJAMULISLAM","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-10-27T09:49:22.353-07:00","display_name":"RATHER TAJAMUL ISLAM","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RATHERTAJAMULISLAM"},"attachments":[{"id":82178409,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82178409/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"11590.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82178409/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNDQ3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/82178409/11590-libre.pdf?1647331595=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEducational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu.pdf\u0026Expires=1732423207\u0026Signature=UmtDVHgK00v9tiqVuRwgf23i4N07YtvJcQpro1cuXhfGK-hfpbocrgZBTyej-Vs0k7k99BM20lfsi~1uAa-K2nMcNXDXPgIGb10NiM8f3DDL5tvrzGS6Lb7mFVU7I~hwd~DqskTer4mUQIYEPk9B6UInlNdZIIfIb8kl0wOMNxZi5AU2~f8t0rd~ZXtXBGjO3vkJJW2FgNPncbcnP6QozieM9u91KmYOKir5tTUl-9kGF7sVi57VfAxH5Kv-Xbb0yAGfQdQ8K~x89cYamiM1RZUQpbhyTUQXwNvgUklYbtN1WaVbc0uZi94M2DXfGXA6mBFMkDQssZipCA3c4hNusQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":18520917,"url":"https://journals.pen2print.org/index.php/ijr/article/download/12275/11590"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="73796021"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/73796021/Export_performance_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_s_horticulture_sector_A_case_study_of_one_decade_2005_06_to_2014_15_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Export performance of Jammu and Kashmir’s horticulture sector: A case study of one decade (2005-06 to 2014-15)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/73796021/Export_performance_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_s_horticulture_sector_A_case_study_of_one_decade_2005_06_to_2014_15_">Export performance of Jammu and Kashmir’s horticulture sector: A case study of one decade (2005-06 to 2014-15)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Export performance of the Jammu and Kashmir’s horticulture sector has been comprehensively analyz...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Export performance of the Jammu and Kashmir’s horticulture sector has been comprehensively analyzed in this paper. Export of fruits plays very vital role in generating revenue, exchange of foreign earnings and achieving lot of knowledge and information about the unknown events and hidden secrets which are becoming the means of growth, development and welfare of those countries who are taking steps towards the trade. The export of the horticulture produce from Jammu and Kashmir has significantly increased over the years, but still constituted only 41.35 per cent of total production. The production of 1504.01 thousand MTs in 2006-07 has risen to the level of 2493.99 thousand MTs with turnover of Rs. 6000.00 crore approximately during 2015-16.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="73796021"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73796021"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73796021; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73796021]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73796021]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73796021; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='73796021']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73796021, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=73796021]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":73796021,"title":"Export performance of Jammu and Kashmir’s horticulture sector: A case study of one decade (2005-06 to 2014-15)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Export performance of the Jammu and Kashmir’s horticulture sector has been comprehensively analyzed in this paper. Export of fruits plays very vital role in generating revenue, exchange of foreign earnings and achieving lot of knowledge and information about the unknown events and hidden secrets which are becoming the means of growth, development and welfare of those countries who are taking steps towards the trade. The export of the horticulture produce from Jammu and Kashmir has significantly increased over the years, but still constituted only 41.35 per cent of total production. The production of 1504.01 thousand MTs in 2006-07 has risen to the level of 2493.99 thousand MTs with turnover of Rs. 6000.00 crore approximately during 2015-16.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Export performance of the Jammu and Kashmir’s horticulture sector has been comprehensively analyzed in this paper. Export of fruits plays very vital role in generating revenue, exchange of foreign earnings and achieving lot of knowledge and information about the unknown events and hidden secrets which are becoming the means of growth, development and welfare of those countries who are taking steps towards the trade. The export of the horticulture produce from Jammu and Kashmir has significantly increased over the years, but still constituted only 41.35 per cent of total production. The production of 1504.01 thousand MTs in 2006-07 has risen to the level of 2493.99 thousand MTs with turnover of Rs. 6000.00 crore approximately during 2015-16.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73796021/Export_performance_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_s_horticulture_sector_A_case_study_of_one_decade_2005_06_to_2014_15_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-03-15T00:44:05.871-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":55716610,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Export_performance_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_s_horticulture_sector_A_case_study_of_one_decade_2005_06_to_2014_15_","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":55716610,"first_name":"RATHER","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"TAJAMUL ISLAM","page_name":"RATHERTAJAMULISLAM","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-10-27T09:49:22.353-07:00","display_name":"RATHER TAJAMUL ISLAM","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RATHERTAJAMULISLAM"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="73795952"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/73795952/_Fisheries_Sector_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Growth_and_Perspectives_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of “Fisheries Sector in Jammu and Kashmir — Growth and Perspectives”" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/73795952/_Fisheries_Sector_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Growth_and_Perspectives_">“Fisheries Sector in Jammu and Kashmir — Growth and Perspectives”</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="73795952"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73795952"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73795952; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73795952]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73795952]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73795952; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='73795952']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73795952, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=73795952]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":73795952,"title":"“Fisheries Sector in Jammu and Kashmir — Growth and Perspectives”","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73795952/_Fisheries_Sector_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Growth_and_Perspectives_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-03-15T00:43:34.946-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":55716610,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"_Fisheries_Sector_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Growth_and_Perspectives_","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":55716610,"first_name":"RATHER","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"TAJAMUL ISLAM","page_name":"RATHERTAJAMULISLAM","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-10-27T09:49:22.353-07:00","display_name":"RATHER TAJAMUL ISLAM","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RATHERTAJAMULISLAM"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="14307788" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="73796023"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/73796023/A_Study_on_Area_Production_and_Productivity_of_Apples_in_J_and_K_from_2006_07_to_2015_16"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Study on Area, Production and Productivity of Apples in J&K from 2006- 07 to 2015-16" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/73796023/A_Study_on_Area_Production_and_Productivity_of_Apples_in_J_and_K_from_2006_07_to_2015_16">A Study on Area, Production and Productivity of Apples in J&K from 2006- 07 to 2015-16</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of scientific research and management</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">During the last decade, India has witnessed a rising trend in the area, production and yield of c...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">During the last decade, India has witnessed a rising trend in the area, production and yield of crops in the horticulture sector. Over the last decade, the area under horticulture grew by about 2.7% per annum and annual production increased by 7.0%. During 2013-14, the production of horticultural crops was about 283.5 million tons from an area of 24.2 million hectares (ha).Apple cultivation is highly profitable economic activity in the state of Jammu & Kashmir, which is famous for its quality apple. It is farm-based, labor intensive and commercially attractive economic activity. The income per acre is much higher than any other horticulture crops, if it is done in systematic way. Apple production plays an important role in improving the standard of living, per capita income and employment generation. More than half percentage of the population is engaged in the cultivation of apple directly or indirectly in the state. The present paper has tried to carry on a research on the trends ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="73796023"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73796023"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73796023; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73796023]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73796023]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73796023; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='73796023']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73796023, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=73796023]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":73796023,"title":"A Study on Area, Production and Productivity of Apples in J\u0026K from 2006- 07 to 2015-16","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"During the last decade, India has witnessed a rising trend in the area, production and yield of crops in the horticulture sector. Over the last decade, the area under horticulture grew by about 2.7% per annum and annual production increased by 7.0%. During 2013-14, the production of horticultural crops was about 283.5 million tons from an area of 24.2 million hectares (ha).Apple cultivation is highly profitable economic activity in the state of Jammu \u0026 Kashmir, which is famous for its quality apple. It is farm-based, labor intensive and commercially attractive economic activity. The income per acre is much higher than any other horticulture crops, if it is done in systematic way. Apple production plays an important role in improving the standard of living, per capita income and employment generation. More than half percentage of the population is engaged in the cultivation of apple directly or indirectly in the state. The present paper has tried to carry on a research on the trends ...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Journal of scientific research and management"},"translated_abstract":"During the last decade, India has witnessed a rising trend in the area, production and yield of crops in the horticulture sector. Over the last decade, the area under horticulture grew by about 2.7% per annum and annual production increased by 7.0%. During 2013-14, the production of horticultural crops was about 283.5 million tons from an area of 24.2 million hectares (ha).Apple cultivation is highly profitable economic activity in the state of Jammu \u0026 Kashmir, which is famous for its quality apple. It is farm-based, labor intensive and commercially attractive economic activity. The income per acre is much higher than any other horticulture crops, if it is done in systematic way. Apple production plays an important role in improving the standard of living, per capita income and employment generation. More than half percentage of the population is engaged in the cultivation of apple directly or indirectly in the state. The present paper has tried to carry on a research on the trends ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73796023/A_Study_on_Area_Production_and_Productivity_of_Apples_in_J_and_K_from_2006_07_to_2015_16","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-03-15T00:44:06.094-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":55716610,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"A_Study_on_Area_Production_and_Productivity_of_Apples_in_J_and_K_from_2006_07_to_2015_16","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":55716610,"first_name":"RATHER","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"TAJAMUL ISLAM","page_name":"RATHERTAJAMULISLAM","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-10-27T09:49:22.353-07:00","display_name":"RATHER TAJAMUL ISLAM","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RATHERTAJAMULISLAM"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography"},{"id":167332,"name":"Scientific management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific_management"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="73796022"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/73796022/_Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_Study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwalls_in_District_Pulwama_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of “Educational Status of Tribals of Jammu and Kashmir: A Case Study of Gujjars and Bakarwalls in District Pulwama”" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82178409/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/73796022/_Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_Study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwalls_in_District_Pulwama_">“Educational Status of Tribals of Jammu and Kashmir: A Case Study of Gujjars and Bakarwalls in District Pulwama”</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Gujjar and Bakarwals are two nomadic tribes of Jammu and Kashmir who have been given ScheduledTri...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Gujjar and Bakarwals are two nomadic tribes of Jammu and Kashmir who have been given ScheduledTribe (ST) status due to their migratory and backward nature. The gujjars are primarily nomads who move fromplains to the higher altitudes with their cattles as part of their annual season journeys with their livestock. The literacy rate of Gujjar and Bakkarwals is quite low. There are a number of educational provisions for migratory Gujjar-Bakkarwal populations in the form of stationary and permanent government schools at different places all over the state. But at the summer locations where the good numbers of nomadic children are available who move there with their parents, the educational facilities are again very less. For the education of the children of the nomadic populations of Gujjar and Bakkarwals, ‘Seasonal Educational Schools’ have been set up where the teachers do not accompany the nomadic children but continue to remain at the temporary camps of the nomads and provide educati...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7f9ead00c137446a06c34a2bea60668b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":82178409,"asset_id":73796022,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82178409/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNDQ3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="73796022"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73796022"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73796022; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73796022]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73796022]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73796022; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='73796022']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73796022, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7f9ead00c137446a06c34a2bea60668b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=73796022]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":73796022,"title":"“Educational Status of Tribals of Jammu and Kashmir: A Case Study of Gujjars and Bakarwalls in District Pulwama”","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Gujjar and Bakarwals are two nomadic tribes of Jammu and Kashmir who have been given ScheduledTribe (ST) status due to their migratory and backward nature. The gujjars are primarily nomads who move fromplains to the higher altitudes with their cattles as part of their annual season journeys with their livestock. The literacy rate of Gujjar and Bakkarwals is quite low. There are a number of educational provisions for migratory Gujjar-Bakkarwal populations in the form of stationary and permanent government schools at different places all over the state. But at the summer locations where the good numbers of nomadic children are available who move there with their parents, the educational facilities are again very less. For the education of the children of the nomadic populations of Gujjar and Bakkarwals, ‘Seasonal Educational Schools’ have been set up where the teachers do not accompany the nomadic children but continue to remain at the temporary camps of the nomads and provide educati...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Gujjar and Bakarwals are two nomadic tribes of Jammu and Kashmir who have been given ScheduledTribe (ST) status due to their migratory and backward nature. The gujjars are primarily nomads who move fromplains to the higher altitudes with their cattles as part of their annual season journeys with their livestock. The literacy rate of Gujjar and Bakkarwals is quite low. There are a number of educational provisions for migratory Gujjar-Bakkarwal populations in the form of stationary and permanent government schools at different places all over the state. But at the summer locations where the good numbers of nomadic children are available who move there with their parents, the educational facilities are again very less. For the education of the children of the nomadic populations of Gujjar and Bakkarwals, ‘Seasonal Educational Schools’ have been set up where the teachers do not accompany the nomadic children but continue to remain at the temporary camps of the nomads and provide educati...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73796022/_Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_Study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwalls_in_District_Pulwama_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-03-15T00:44:05.972-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":55716610,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82178409,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82178409/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"11590.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82178409/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNDQ3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/82178409/11590-libre.pdf?1647331595=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEducational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu.pdf\u0026Expires=1732423207\u0026Signature=UmtDVHgK00v9tiqVuRwgf23i4N07YtvJcQpro1cuXhfGK-hfpbocrgZBTyej-Vs0k7k99BM20lfsi~1uAa-K2nMcNXDXPgIGb10NiM8f3DDL5tvrzGS6Lb7mFVU7I~hwd~DqskTer4mUQIYEPk9B6UInlNdZIIfIb8kl0wOMNxZi5AU2~f8t0rd~ZXtXBGjO3vkJJW2FgNPncbcnP6QozieM9u91KmYOKir5tTUl-9kGF7sVi57VfAxH5Kv-Xbb0yAGfQdQ8K~x89cYamiM1RZUQpbhyTUQXwNvgUklYbtN1WaVbc0uZi94M2DXfGXA6mBFMkDQssZipCA3c4hNusQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"_Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_Study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwalls_in_District_Pulwama_","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":55716610,"first_name":"RATHER","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"TAJAMUL ISLAM","page_name":"RATHERTAJAMULISLAM","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-10-27T09:49:22.353-07:00","display_name":"RATHER TAJAMUL ISLAM","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RATHERTAJAMULISLAM"},"attachments":[{"id":82178409,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82178409/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"11590.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82178409/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNDQ3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/82178409/11590-libre.pdf?1647331595=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEducational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu.pdf\u0026Expires=1732423207\u0026Signature=UmtDVHgK00v9tiqVuRwgf23i4N07YtvJcQpro1cuXhfGK-hfpbocrgZBTyej-Vs0k7k99BM20lfsi~1uAa-K2nMcNXDXPgIGb10NiM8f3DDL5tvrzGS6Lb7mFVU7I~hwd~DqskTer4mUQIYEPk9B6UInlNdZIIfIb8kl0wOMNxZi5AU2~f8t0rd~ZXtXBGjO3vkJJW2FgNPncbcnP6QozieM9u91KmYOKir5tTUl-9kGF7sVi57VfAxH5Kv-Xbb0yAGfQdQ8K~x89cYamiM1RZUQpbhyTUQXwNvgUklYbtN1WaVbc0uZi94M2DXfGXA6mBFMkDQssZipCA3c4hNusQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":18520917,"url":"https://journals.pen2print.org/index.php/ijr/article/download/12275/11590"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="73796021"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/73796021/Export_performance_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_s_horticulture_sector_A_case_study_of_one_decade_2005_06_to_2014_15_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Export performance of Jammu and Kashmir’s horticulture sector: A case study of one decade (2005-06 to 2014-15)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/73796021/Export_performance_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_s_horticulture_sector_A_case_study_of_one_decade_2005_06_to_2014_15_">Export performance of Jammu and Kashmir’s horticulture sector: A case study of one decade (2005-06 to 2014-15)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Export performance of the Jammu and Kashmir’s horticulture sector has been comprehensively analyz...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Export performance of the Jammu and Kashmir’s horticulture sector has been comprehensively analyzed in this paper. Export of fruits plays very vital role in generating revenue, exchange of foreign earnings and achieving lot of knowledge and information about the unknown events and hidden secrets which are becoming the means of growth, development and welfare of those countries who are taking steps towards the trade. The export of the horticulture produce from Jammu and Kashmir has significantly increased over the years, but still constituted only 41.35 per cent of total production. The production of 1504.01 thousand MTs in 2006-07 has risen to the level of 2493.99 thousand MTs with turnover of Rs. 6000.00 crore approximately during 2015-16.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="73796021"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73796021"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73796021; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73796021]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73796021]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73796021; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='73796021']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73796021, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=73796021]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":73796021,"title":"Export performance of Jammu and Kashmir’s horticulture sector: A case study of one decade (2005-06 to 2014-15)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Export performance of the Jammu and Kashmir’s horticulture sector has been comprehensively analyzed in this paper. Export of fruits plays very vital role in generating revenue, exchange of foreign earnings and achieving lot of knowledge and information about the unknown events and hidden secrets which are becoming the means of growth, development and welfare of those countries who are taking steps towards the trade. The export of the horticulture produce from Jammu and Kashmir has significantly increased over the years, but still constituted only 41.35 per cent of total production. The production of 1504.01 thousand MTs in 2006-07 has risen to the level of 2493.99 thousand MTs with turnover of Rs. 6000.00 crore approximately during 2015-16.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Export performance of the Jammu and Kashmir’s horticulture sector has been comprehensively analyzed in this paper. Export of fruits plays very vital role in generating revenue, exchange of foreign earnings and achieving lot of knowledge and information about the unknown events and hidden secrets which are becoming the means of growth, development and welfare of those countries who are taking steps towards the trade. The export of the horticulture produce from Jammu and Kashmir has significantly increased over the years, but still constituted only 41.35 per cent of total production. The production of 1504.01 thousand MTs in 2006-07 has risen to the level of 2493.99 thousand MTs with turnover of Rs. 6000.00 crore approximately during 2015-16.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73796021/Export_performance_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_s_horticulture_sector_A_case_study_of_one_decade_2005_06_to_2014_15_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-03-15T00:44:05.871-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":55716610,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Export_performance_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_s_horticulture_sector_A_case_study_of_one_decade_2005_06_to_2014_15_","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":55716610,"first_name":"RATHER","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"TAJAMUL ISLAM","page_name":"RATHERTAJAMULISLAM","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-10-27T09:49:22.353-07:00","display_name":"RATHER TAJAMUL ISLAM","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RATHERTAJAMULISLAM"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="73795952"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/73795952/_Fisheries_Sector_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Growth_and_Perspectives_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of “Fisheries Sector in Jammu and Kashmir — Growth and Perspectives”" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/73795952/_Fisheries_Sector_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Growth_and_Perspectives_">“Fisheries Sector in Jammu and Kashmir — Growth and Perspectives”</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="73795952"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73795952"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73795952; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73795952]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73795952]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73795952; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='73795952']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73795952, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=73795952]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":73795952,"title":"“Fisheries Sector in Jammu and Kashmir — Growth and Perspectives”","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73795952/_Fisheries_Sector_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Growth_and_Perspectives_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-03-15T00:43:34.946-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":55716610,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"_Fisheries_Sector_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Growth_and_Perspectives_","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":55716610,"first_name":"RATHER","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"TAJAMUL ISLAM","page_name":"RATHERTAJAMULISLAM","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-10-27T09:49:22.353-07:00","display_name":"RATHER TAJAMUL ISLAM","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RATHERTAJAMULISLAM"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/google_contacts-0dfb882d836b94dbcb4a2d123d6933fc9533eda5be911641f20b4eb428429600.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $('.js-google-connect-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); GoogleContacts.authorize_and_show_contacts(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); $.ajax({ url: $r.api_v0_profiles_update_about_path({ subdomain_param: 'api', about: "", }), type: 'PUT', success: function(response) { location.reload(); } }); }); $('.js-work-creator-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_document_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-video-upload-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_video_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-do-this-later-button').click(function() { $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-do-this-later-button').click(function(){ $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--close').click(function(){ $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--panel').hide(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--button').click(function(){ Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserWorks({ initialWorksOffset: 20, allWorksOffset: 20, maxSections: 1 }) }); </script> </div></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile_edit-5ea339ee107c863779f560dd7275595239fed73f1a13d279d2b599a28c0ecd33.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/add_coauthor-22174b608f9cb871d03443cafa7feac496fb50d7df2d66a53f5ee3c04ba67f53.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/tab-dcac0130902f0cc2d8cb403714dd47454f11fc6fb0e99ae6a0827b06613abc20.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb window.ae = window.ae || {}; window.ae.WowProfile = window.ae.WowProfile || {}; if(Aedu.User.current && Aedu.User.current.id === $viewedUser.id) { window.ae.WowProfile.current_user_edit = {}; new WowProfileEdit.EditUploadView({ el: '.js-edit-upload-button-wrapper', model: window.$current_user, }); new AddCoauthor.AddCoauthorsController(); } var userInfoView = new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserInfo({ recaptcha_key: "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB" }); WowProfile.router = new WowProfile.Router({ userInfoView: userInfoView }); Backbone.history.start({ pushState: true, root: "/" + $viewedUser.page_name }); new WowProfile.UserWorksNav() }); </script> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "58aaf47a27abe5ffd71a6e7dd97ab2e1a062fd0aaef73de870f936c5392d0f0a", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="JFZ6XK3vwvnRX/vnYYC+v0dLEvoYkRgLltjgy5FoYzQ8RWIWWpojAj2eZpgS+IPjpvaDRL1uLS1tvp8n3yADaQ==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://independent.academia.edu/RATHERTAJAMULISLAM" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="inyrAGuOoVjiWalNbQDr7JGkBnrp3u0Ccg9cynwc1cWSb7NKnPtAow6YNDIeeNawcBmXxEwh2CSJaSMmMlS1mA==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>