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class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>October–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1769</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 166 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-166" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">166 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1769 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1769 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1769 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1769 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B7%DB%B6%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۷۶۹ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۷۶۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%AF" title="১৭৬৯ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৭৬৯" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769_n%C3%AE" title="1769 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1769 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1769 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1769 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%A1%E0%BC%A7%E0%BC%A6%E0%BC%A9%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="༡༧༦༩ལོ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="༡༧༦༩ལོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769." title="1769. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1769." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1769 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1769 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B7%DB%B6%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۷۶۹ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۷۶۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769%E5%B9%B4" title="1769年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1769年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769%EB%85%84" title="1769년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1769년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AF" title="१७६९ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१७६९" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769." title="1769. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1769." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%AF" title="মারি ১৭৬৯ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৭৬৯" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1769-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1769-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AD%E0%B3%AC%E0%B3%AF" title="೧೭೬೯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೭೬೯" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1769 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1769 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1769 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1769 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1769-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1769-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1769 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1769 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769_%D0%B8" title="1769 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1769 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769._gads" title="1769. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1769. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1769 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1769 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769_m." title="1769 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1769 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AF" title="१७६९ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१७६९" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AF" title="इ.स. १७६९ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १७६९" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B7%DB%B6%DB%B9" title="۱۷۶۹ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۷۶۹" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1769 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1769 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%87%E1%81%86%E1%81%89" title="၁၇၆၉ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၇၆၉" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AF" title="सन् १७६९ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १७६९" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769%E5%B9%B4" title="1769年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1769年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1769 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1769 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AD%E0%AD%AC%E0%AD%AF" title="୧୭୬୯ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୭୬୯" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AF" title="१७६९ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१७६९" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1769" title="Joohr 1769 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1769" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1769 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1769 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AF" title="१७६९ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१७६९" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769%D8%B9" title="1769ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1769ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A7%D9%A6%D9%A9" title="١٧٦٩ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٧٦٩" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769." title="1769. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1769." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1769 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1769 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2312" title="พ.ศ. 2312 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2312" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1769" title="Соли 1769 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1769" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769%D8%A1" title="1769ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1769ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769%E5%B9%B4" title="1769年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1769年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769%E5%B9%B4" title="1769年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1769年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769%E5%B9%B4" title="1769年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1769年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769" title="1769 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1769" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7679#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/CugnotAppleton.jpg/330px-CugnotAppleton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/CugnotAppleton.jpg/440px-CugnotAppleton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="205" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nicolas-Joseph_Cugnot" title="Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot">Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot</a> demonstrates first steam-powered vehicle.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1769" title="Category:1769">1769 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Arts and science</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1769_in_archaeology" class="mw-redirect" title="1769 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1769_in_architecture" title="1769 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1769_in_art" title="1769 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1769_in_literature" title="1769 in literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1769_in_poetry" title="1769 in poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1769_in_music" title="1769 in music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1769_in_science" title="1769 in science">Science</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Countries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1769_in_Austria" title="1769 in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1769_in_Canada" title="1769 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1769_in_Denmark" title="1769 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1769_in_France" title="1769 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1769_in_Great_Britain" title="1769 in Great Britain">Great Britain</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1769_in_Ireland" title="1769 in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1769_in_Norway" title="1769 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1769_in_Russia" title="1769 in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1769_in_Scotland" title="1769 in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1769_in_Spain" title="1769 in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1769_in_Sweden" title="1769 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1769" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1769">State leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_18th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 18th century">Colonial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_18th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 18th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1769_births" title="Category:1769 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1769_deaths" title="Category:1769 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1769_establishments" title="Category:1769 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1769_disestablishments" title="Category:1769 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1769_works" title="Category:1769 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C18_year_in_topic" title="Template:C18 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C18_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C18 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C18_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C18 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1769 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1769<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCCLXIX</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2522</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1218<br />ԹՎ ՌՄԺԸ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6519</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1690–1691</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1175–1176</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2719</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>9 <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">Geo. 3</a> – 10 <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">Geo. 3</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2313</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1131</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7277–7278</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">戊子</a>年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)" title="Rat (zodiac)">Rat</a>)<br />4466 or 4259<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />己丑年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>)<br />4467 or 4260</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1485–1486</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2935</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1761–1762</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5529–5530</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1825–1826</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1690–1691</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4869–4870</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11769</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>769–770</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1147–1148</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1182–1183</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Meiwa" title="Meiwa">Meiwa</a> 6<br />(明和６年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1694–1695</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 11 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4102</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>143 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前143年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>301</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2311–2312</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳土鼠年<br />(male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)" title="Rat (zodiac)">Rat</a>)<br />1895 or 1514 or 742<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴土牛年<br />(female Earth-<a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>)<br />1896 or 1515 or 743</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1769" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1769">1769</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>1769</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCCLXIX</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Sunday" title="Common year starting on Sunday">common year starting on Sunday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Thursday" title="Common year starting on Thursday">common year starting on Thursday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1769th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 769th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 69th year of the <a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a>, and the 10th and last year of the <a href="/wiki/1760s" title="1760s">1760s</a> decade. As of the start of 1769, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1769&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1769&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_XIII" title="Pope Clement XIII">Pope Clement XIII</a> dies, the night before preparing an order to dissolve the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuits</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DeLucca_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeLucca-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> – The British House of Commons votes to not allow MP <a href="/wiki/John_Wilkes" title="John Wilkes">John Wilkes</a> to take his seat after he wins a by-election.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a> <a href="/wiki/Mozart_in_Italy" title="Mozart in Italy">departs Italy</a>, after the last of his three tours there.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Bougainville" title="Louis Antoine de Bougainville">Louis Antoine de Bougainville</a> returns to <a href="/wiki/Saint-Malo" title="Saint-Malo">Saint-Malo</a>, following a three-year <a href="/wiki/Circumnavigation" title="Circumnavigation">circumnavigation</a> of the world with the ships <i><a href="/wiki/French_frigate_La_Boudeuse_(1766)" class="mw-redirect" title="French frigate La Boudeuse (1766)">La Boudeuse</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/French_fluyt_%C3%89toile_(1767)" title="French fluyt Étoile (1767)">Étoile</a></i>, with the loss of only seven out of 330 men; among the members of the expedition is <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Bar%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeanne Baré">Jeanne Baré</a>, the first woman known to have circumnavigated the globe. She returns to France some time after Bougainville and his ships.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1769&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> arrives in <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a>, on the ship <a href="/wiki/HM_Bark_Endeavour" class="mw-redirect" title="HM Bark Endeavour">HM Bark <i>Endeavour</i></a>, preparing for the <a href="/wiki/1769_Transit_of_Venus_observed_from_Tahiti" class="mw-redirect" title="1769 Transit of Venus observed from Tahiti">1769 Transit of Venus observed from Tahiti</a> on <a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a>. After the voyage, the data is found to be inaccurate in determining the distance between the Sun and Earth.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – Scottish inventor <a href="/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt">James Watt</a> is granted a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> for "A method of lessening the consumption of steam in <a href="/wiki/Watt_steam_engine" title="Watt steam engine">steam engines</a>" – the separate condenser,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a key improvement (first devised by Watt in 1765) and the basis for the <a href="/wiki/Watt_steam_engine" title="Watt steam engine">Watt steam engine</a> which stimulates the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> <a href="/wiki/French_conquest_of_Corsica" title="French conquest of Corsica">conquers</a> <a href="/wiki/Corsican_Republic" title="Corsican Republic">Corsica</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III of Spain</a> sends Spanish missionaries, who found <a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_California" title="Spanish missions in California">California missions</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monterey,_California" title="Monterey, California">Monterey</a>, and begin the settlement of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – Cardinal Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli is elected as the 249th pope, succeeding the late Clement XIII and choosing to take the regnal name of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_XIV" title="Pope Clement XIV">Pope Clement XIV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DeLucca_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeLucca-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Transit_of_Venus" title="Transit of Venus">transit of Venus</a> is followed five hours later by a total <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse" title="Solar eclipse">solar eclipse</a>, the shortest such interval in historical times. The transit is viewed by King <a href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of the United Kingdom">George III of Great Britain</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Kew Observatory</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frontiersman" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontiersman">Frontiersman</a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Boone" title="Daniel Boone">Daniel Boone</a> first begins to explore modern-day <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1769&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright">Richard Arkwright</a> patents a <a href="/wiki/Spinning_frame" title="Spinning frame">spinning frame</a> in England, able to weave fabric mechanically.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassell's_Chronology325_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology325-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – Father <a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a> founds <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Diego_de_Alcal%C3%A1" title="Mission San Diego de Alcalá">Mission San Diego de Alcalá</a>, the first of the 21 <a href="/wiki/California_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="California missions">California missions</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – Recently appointed as the Governor of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Louisiana">Spanish Louisiana</a>, Irish-born soldier of fortune <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_O%27Reilly" title="Alejandro O'Reilly">Alejandro O'Reilly</a> sails into the French fort of <a href="/wiki/La_Balize,_Louisiana" title="La Balize, Louisiana">La Balize</a> with 21 Spanish ships, along with 2,056 soldiers, cannons and ammunition, and informs <a href="/wiki/French_Louisiana" title="French Louisiana">French Louisiana</a> Governor <a href="/wiki/Charles_Philippe_Aubry" title="Charles Philippe Aubry">Charles Philippe Aubry</a> of his royal commission to take Louisiana on behalf of the King of Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – The party of <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Portol%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaspar de Portolà">Gaspar de Portolà</a> becomes the first <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white</a> group to set foot in the area now known as <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica, California</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Brescia_Explosion" class="mw-redirect" title="Brescia Explosion">Brescia Explosion</a>: The city of <a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a>, Italy is devastated when the Church of San Nazaro is struck by lightning. The resulting fire ignites 200,000 lb (90,000 kg) of <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a> being stored there, causing a massive explosion, which destroys 1/6 of the city and kills 3,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September" title="September">September</a> – Massive droughts in <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> lead to the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1770" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal famine of 1770">Bengal famine of 1770</a>, in which ten million people, a third of the population, will die, the worst natural disaster in human history (in terms of lives lost).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a>–<a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">9</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Garrick" title="David Garrick">David Garrick</a> holds a <i><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Jubilee" title="Shakespeare Jubilee">Shakespeare Jubilee</a></i> festival at <a href="/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a> in England.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1768%E2%80%9374)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War (1768–74)">Russo-Turkish War (1768–74)</a>: Russian forces take the Ottoman fortress of <a href="/wiki/Chocim" class="mw-redirect" title="Chocim">Chocim</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Bukovina</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1769&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> names <a href="/wiki/Whakaari_/_White_Island" title="Whakaari / White Island">White Island</a>, off the coast of New Zealand.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – James Cook lands in New Zealand, at <a href="/wiki/Turanganui-a-kiwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Turanganui-a-kiwa">Poverty Bay</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – In the first encounter between the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori people</a> and Europeans (at the future site of <a href="/wiki/Gisborne,_New_Zealand" title="Gisborne, New Zealand">Gisborne, New Zealand</a>), one Maori is shot and killed after he steals a sword from one of the officers of the Cook expedition. Several more Māori are killed in fighting the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicolas-Joseph_Cugnot" title="Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot">Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot</a> demonstrates a steam-powered artillery tractor (<i>see drawing</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – A party of the expedition of Spanish explorer <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Portola" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaspar de Portola">Gaspar de Portola</a> becomes the first Europeans to reach <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco Bay</a>. Sergeant Jose Francisco de Ortega and his group accidentally discover the area while searching for <a href="/wiki/Drakes_Bay" title="Drakes Bay">Drakes Bay</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> –The Gorkhali Army conquer the last standing Malla Kingdom of Bhaktapur marking the end of The Malla dynasty in Nepal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – Ireland's House of Commons rejects a spending bill passed by Great Britain's parliament, by a 94–71 margin.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a> is established in <a href="/wiki/Hanover,_New_Hampshire" title="Hanover, New Hampshire">Hanover, New Hampshire</a>, as <a href="/wiki/John_Wentworth_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wentworth (governor)">John Wentworth</a>, the Royal Governor, conveys a charter from <a href="/wiki/King_George_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King George III">King George III</a> of Great Britain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Sino-Burmese_War_(1765%E2%80%9369)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Burmese War (1765–69)">Sino-Burmese War (1765–69)</a> is ended by a truce.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1769&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Authorized_King_James_Version" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorized King James Version">Authorized King James Version</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> is published in England in the Oxford standard text, edited by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Blayney" title="Benjamin Blayney">Benjamin Blayney</a>.</li> <li>First recorded use of 'literally' as a metaphorical intensifier.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1769&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pauline01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pauline01.jpg/110px-Pauline01.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pauline01.jpg/165px-Pauline01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pauline01.jpg/220px-Pauline01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1096" data-file-height="1107" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Princess_Pauline_of_Anhalt-Bernburg" title="Princess Pauline of Anhalt-Bernburg">Princess Pauline of Anhalt-Bernburg</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Sir_Arthur_Wellesley%2C_1st_Duke_of_Wellington.png/120px-Sir_Arthur_Wellesley%2C_1st_Duke_of_Wellington.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Sir_Arthur_Wellesley%2C_1st_Duke_of_Wellington.png/250px-Sir_Arthur_Wellesley%2C_1st_Duke_of_Wellington.png 1.5x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoleon_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Napoleon_-_2.jpg/110px-Napoleon_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Napoleon_-_2.jpg/165px-Napoleon_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Napoleon_-_2.jpg/220px-Napoleon_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="841" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stieler,_Joseph_Karl_-_Alexander_von_Humboldt_-_1843.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Stieler%2C_Joseph_Karl_-_Alexander_von_Humboldt_-_1843.jpg/120px-Stieler%2C_Joseph_Karl_-_Alexander_von_Humboldt_-_1843.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Stieler%2C_Joseph_Karl_-_Alexander_von_Humboldt_-_1843.jpg/250px-Stieler%2C_Joseph_Karl_-_Alexander_von_Humboldt_-_1843.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="986" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Alexander von Humboldt</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Lachapelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Lachapelle">Marie Lachapelle</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Obstetrician" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstetrician">obstetrician</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1821" title="1821">1821</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Marcet" title="Jane Marcet">Jane Marcet</a>, British science writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nannette_Streicher" title="Nannette Streicher">Nannette Streicher</a>, German piano maker, composer, music educator and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1833" title="1833">1833</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michel_Ney" title="Michel Ney">Michel Ney</a>, French marshal (d. <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Pauline_of_Anhalt-Bernburg" title="Princess Pauline of Anhalt-Bernburg">Princess Pauline of Anhalt-Bernburg</a>; German regent and social reformer (d. <a href="/wiki/1820" title="1820">1820</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_S%C3%A9verin_Marceau-Desgraviers" class="mw-redirect" title="François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers">François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers</a>, French general (d. <a href="/wiki/1796" title="1796">1796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a>, American politician and naturalist, 6th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor of New York</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1828" title="1828">1828</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt" title="Muhammad Ali of Egypt">Muhammad Ali of Egypt</a>, Egyptian ruler (d. <a href="/wiki/1849" title="1849">1849</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Richards_(ironmaster)" title="Samuel Richards (ironmaster)">Samuel Richards</a>, American ironmaster (d. <a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Williamson_(philanthropist)" title="Joseph Williamson (philanthropist)">Joseph Williamson</a>, English philanthropist, builder of the <a href="/wiki/Williamson_Tunnels" title="Williamson Tunnels">Williamson Tunnels</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(geologist)" title="William Smith (geologist)">William Smith</a>, English geologist, cartographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Jean-de-Dieu Soult</a>, French marshal (d. <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_G%C3%BCnther_von_Bernstorff" title="Christian Günther von Bernstorff">Christian Günther von Bernstorff</a>, Danish and Prussian statesman and diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Heinrich_Laspeyres" title="Jakob Heinrich Laspeyres">Jakob Heinrich Laspeyres</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Lepidopterist" class="mw-redirect" title="Lepidopterist">lepidopterist</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1809" title="1809">1809</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Lannes" title="Jean Lannes">Jean Lannes</a>, French marshal (d. <a href="/wiki/1809" title="1809">1809</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lawrence" title="Thomas Lawrence">Thomas Lawrence</a>, English painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1830" title="1830">1830</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Catherine_Joubert" title="Barthélemy Catherine Joubert">Barthélemy Catherine Joubert</a>, French general (d. <a href="/wiki/1799" title="1799">1799</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marc_Isambard_Brunel" title="Marc Isambard Brunel">Marc Isambard Brunel</a>, French-British engineer (d. <a href="/wiki/1849" title="1849">1849</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington</a>, British general, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1824" title="1824">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marianne_Kirchgessner" title="Marianne Kirchgessner">Marianne Kirchgessner</a>, German musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1808" title="1808">1808</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_Viscount_Castlereagh" title="Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh">Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh</a>, British statesman, diplomat, and soldier (suicide <a href="/wiki/1822" title="1822">1822</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Lowe" title="Hudson Lowe">Hudson Lowe</a>, Irish-born soldier and future jailer of Napoleon on <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1831" title="1831">1831</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>, French Emperor (d. <a href="/wiki/1821" title="1821">1821</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georges_Cuvier" title="Georges Cuvier">Georges Cuvier</a>, French naturalist and zoologist; known as the <i>Father of Paleontology</i> (d. <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Hosack" title="David Hosack">David Hosack</a> American physician and botanist, a Hamilton family doctor (d. <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Alexander von Humboldt</a>, German explorer, scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Salomo_Zachariae_von_Lingenthal" title="Karl Salomo Zachariae von Lingenthal">Karl Salomo Zachariae von Lingenthal</a>, German jurist (d. <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Brock" title="Isaac Brock">Isaac Brock</a>, British general, administrator (d. <a href="/wiki/1812" title="1812">1812</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Scarlett_Abinger" class="mw-redirect" title="James Scarlett Abinger">James Scarlett Abinger</a>, English judge (d. <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martin_Archer_Shee" title="Martin Archer Shee">Martin Archer Shee</a>, Irish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Moritz_Arndt" title="Ernst Moritz Arndt">Ernst Moritz Arndt</a>, German writer, poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a>)</li> <li><i>date unknown</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Dadford" title="James Dadford">James Dadford</a>, English canal engineer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bellingham" title="John Bellingham">John Bellingham</a>, assassin of British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Spencer Perceval</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1812" title="1812">1812</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howqua" title="Howqua">Howqua</a>, Chinese merchant (d. <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>probable</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Colclough" title="John Henry Colclough">John Henry Colclough</a>, Irish revolutionary (d. 1798)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1769&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anton_Raphael_Mengs_-_Portrait_of_pope_Clement_XIII,_c._1760.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Anton_Raphael_Mengs_-_Portrait_of_pope_Clement_XIII%2C_c._1760.jpg/110px-Anton_Raphael_Mengs_-_Portrait_of_pope_Clement_XIII%2C_c._1760.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Anton_Raphael_Mengs_-_Portrait_of_pope_Clement_XIII%2C_c._1760.jpg/165px-Anton_Raphael_Mengs_-_Portrait_of_pope_Clement_XIII%2C_c._1760.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Anton_Raphael_Mengs_-_Portrait_of_pope_Clement_XIII%2C_c._1760.jpg/220px-Anton_Raphael_Mengs_-_Portrait_of_pope_Clement_XIII%2C_c._1760.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2165" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_XIII" title="Pope Clement XIII">Pope Clement XIII</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Constantine_Maurocordato.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Constantine_Maurocordato.JPG/110px-Constantine_Maurocordato.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Constantine_Maurocordato.JPG/165px-Constantine_Maurocordato.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Constantine_Maurocordato.JPG/220px-Constantine_Maurocordato.JPG 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption>Prince <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Mavrocordatos" title="Constantine Mavrocordatos">Constantine Mavrocordatos</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JosefFriedrErnstHohenzSig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/JosefFriedrErnstHohenzSig.jpg/120px-JosefFriedrErnstHohenzSig.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/JosefFriedrErnstHohenzSig.jpg/250px-JosefFriedrErnstHohenzSig.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="543" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Friedrich_Ernst,_Prince_of_Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen" title="Joseph Friedrich Ernst, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen">Joseph Friedrich Ernst, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sackville,_2nd_Duke_of_Dorset" title="Charles Sackville, 2nd Duke of Dorset">Charles Sackville, 2nd Duke of Dorset</a>, English cricketer (b. <a href="/wiki/1711" title="1711">1711</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_XIII" title="Pope Clement XIII">Pope Clement XIII</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1693" title="1693">1693</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lauder_(burgess)" title="Andrew Lauder (burgess)">Andrew Lauder</a>, Burgess of the Royal Burgh of Lauder (1 August 1737) (b. <a href="/wiki/1702" title="1702">1702</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Endersch" title="Johann Friedrich Endersch">Johann Friedrich Endersch</a>, German cartographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1705" title="1705">1705</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Laugier" title="Marc-Antoine Laugier">Marc-Antoine Laugier</a>, French Jesuit priest, architectural theorist (b. <a href="/wiki/1713" title="1713">1713</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Canalis_di_Cumiana" title="Anna Canalis di Cumiana">Anna Canalis di Cumiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morganatic_marriage" title="Morganatic marriage">morganatic</a> spouse of <a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Amadeus II of Savoy">Victor Amadeus II of Savoy</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chief_Pontiac" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Pontiac">Chief Pontiac</a>, Ottawa chief (murdered) (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Gilbert_Cooper" title="John Gilbert Cooper">John Gilbert Cooper</a>, British poet and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Iyoas_I" title="Iyoas I">Iyoas I</a>, Emperor of Ethiopia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Holyoke" title="Edward Holyoke">Edward Holyoke</a>, American President of Harvard University (b. <a href="/wiki/1689" title="1689">1689</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Stierncrona" title="Elisabeth Stierncrona">Elisabeth Stierncrona</a>, Swedish noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Chappe_d%27Auteroche" title="Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche">Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche</a>, French astronomer (b. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Finch,_8th_Earl_of_Winchilsea" title="Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea">Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1689" title="1689">1689</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Hoyle" title="Edmond Hoyle">Edmond Hoyle</a>, English game expert (b. <a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Genovesi" title="Antonio Genovesi">Antonio Genovesi</a>, Italian philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michel_Ferdinand_d%27Albert_d%27Ailly" class="mw-redirect" title="Michel Ferdinand d'Albert d'Ailly">Michel Ferdinand d'Albert d'Ailly</a>, French astronomer (b. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karolina_Orzelska" title="Anna Karolina Orzelska">Anna Karolina Orzelska</a>, Polish adventurer (b. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Diane_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_de_Mailly" class="mw-redirect" title="Diane Adélaïde de Mailly">Diane Adélaïde de Mailly</a>, third of the five famous French <i>de Nesle</i> sisters (b. <a href="/wiki/1713" title="1713">1713</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Paget,_2nd_Earl_of_Uxbridge" title="Henry Paget, 2nd Earl of Uxbridge">Henry Paget, 2nd Earl of Uxbridge</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Mavrocordatos" title="Constantine Mavrocordatos">Constantine Mavrocordatos</a>, Prince of Wallachia and Prince of Moldavia (b. <a href="/wiki/1711" title="1711">1711</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kamo_no_Mabuchi" title="Kamo no Mabuchi">Kamo no Mabuchi</a>, Japanese poet, philologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1697" title="1697">1697</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Friedrich_Ernst,_Prince_of_Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen" title="Joseph Friedrich Ernst, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen">Joseph Friedrich Ernst, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1702" title="1702">1702</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_F%C3%BCrchtegott_Gellert" title="Christian Fürchtegott Gellert">Christian Fürchtegott Gellert</a>, German poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Taaffe,_6th_Viscount_Taaffe" title="Nicholas Taaffe, 6th Viscount Taaffe">Nicholas Taaffe, 6th Viscount Taaffe</a>, Austrian soldier (b. <a href="/wiki/1685" title="1685">1685</a>)</li> <li><i>date unknown</i> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Suremphaa" title="Suremphaa">Suremphaa</a> of <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birgitte_Sofie_Gabel" title="Birgitte Sofie Gabel">Birgitte Sofie Gabel</a>, Danish noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1746" title="1746">1746</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1769&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DeLucca-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DeLucca_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeLucca_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Denis De Lucca, <i>Jesuits and Fortifications: The Contribution of the Jesuits to Military Architecture in the Baroque Age</i> (BRILL, 2012) pp315-316</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Ethics and Philosophy of By-Elections", by J.G. Swift MacNeill, in <i>The Fortnightly Review</i> (April 1, 1920) p557</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGutman1999" class="citation book cs1">Gutman, Robert W. (1999). <i>Mozart: A Cultural Biography</i>. San Diego: Harcourt. p. 309. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-601171-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-15-601171-9"><bdi>0-15-601171-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mozart%3A+A+Cultural+Biography&rft.place=San+Diego&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=Harcourt&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-15-601171-9&rft.aulast=Gutman&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1769" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patent 913; specification accepted January 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPalmerPalmer1992" class="citation book cs1">Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). <i>The Chronology of British History</i>. London: Century Ltd. pp. <span class="nowrap">224–</span>225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7126-5616-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7126-5616-2"><bdi>0-7126-5616-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chronology+of+British+History&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E224-%3C%2Fspan%3E225&rft.pub=Century+Ltd&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-7126-5616-2&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Palmer%2C+Veronica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1769" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoll1930" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Roll,_Baron_Roll_of_Ipsden" title="Eric Roll, Baron Roll of Ipsden">Roll, Eric</a> (1930). <i>An Early Experiment in Industrial Organization: History of the Firm of Boulton and Watt 1775-1805</i>. London: Frank Cass and Company. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Early+Experiment+in+Industrial+Organization%3A+History+of+the+Firm+of+Boulton+and+Watt+1775-1805&rft.place=London&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Frank+Cass+and+Company&rft.date=1930&rft.aulast=Roll&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1769" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology325-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cassell's_Chronology325_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2005" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Hywel (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/325"><i>Cassell's Chronology of World History</i></a>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/325">325</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8"><bdi>0-304-35730-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cassell%27s+Chronology+of+World+History&rft.place=London&rft.pages=325&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-304-35730-8&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Hywel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcassellschronolo0000will%2Fpage%2F325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1769" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joan Garvey and Mary Lou Widmer, <i>Beautiful Crescent: A History of New Orleans</i> (Pelican Publishing, 2012) pp62-63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pYQEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA659"><i>The Nautical Magazine: A Journal of Papers on Subjects Connected with Maritime Affairs</i></a>. Brown, Son and Ferguson. 1857. p. 659.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nautical+Magazine%3A+A+Journal+of+Papers+on+Subjects+Connected+with+Maritime+Affairs&rft.pages=659&rft.pub=Brown%2C+Son+and+Ferguson&rft.date=1857&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpYQEAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA659&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1769" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTerryHall2008" class="citation book cs1">Terry, Martin; Hall, Susan (2008). <i>Cook's Endeavour Journal: The Inside Story</i>. Canberra: National Library of Australia. p. 90.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cook%27s+Endeavour+Journal%3A+The+Inside+Story&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Australia&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Terry&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Hall%2C+Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1769" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJones1997" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Oakah L. Jr. (1997). "Spanish Penetrations to the North of New Spain". In Allen, John Logan (ed.). <i>North American Exploration, Volume <b>2</b>: A Continent Defined</i>. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 62.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Spanish+Penetrations+to+the+North+of+New+Spain&rft.btitle=North+American+Exploration%2C+Volume+2%3A+A+Continent+Defined&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Oakah+L.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1769" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarrow1807" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Barrow,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Barrow, 1st Baronet">Barrow, John</a> (1807). <i>Some Account of the Public Life, and a Selection from the Unpublished Writings of the Earl of Macartney</i>. Vol. II. London: Cadell and Davies. p. 151.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+Account+of+the+Public+Life%2C+and+a+Selection+from+the+Unpublished+Writings+of+the+Earl+of+Macartney&rft.place=London&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=Cadell+and+Davies&rft.date=1807&rft.aulast=Barrow&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1769" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/grammar/misuse-of-literally">Merriam-Webster - Did We Change the Definition of 'Literally'?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Napoleon-I">"Napoleon I | Biography, Achievements, & Facts"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Napoleon+I+%7C+Biography%2C+Achievements%2C+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FNapoleon-I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1769" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Clement-XIII">"Clement XIII | Pope, Italian Statesman & Patron of the Arts | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. March 3, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Clement+XIII+%7C+Pope%2C+Italian+Statesman+%26+Patron+of+the+Arts+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2025-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FClement-XIII&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1769" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1769&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_BlairJ._Willoughby_Rosse1856" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Blair_(priest)" title="John Blair (priest)">John Blair</a>; J. Willoughby Rosse (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n?urlappend=%3Bseq=684">"1769"</a>. <i>Blair's Chronological Tables</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Henry_George_Bohn" title="Henry George Bohn">H.G. Bohn</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Floc.ark%3A%2F13960%2Ft6349vh5n?urlappend=%3Bseq=684">2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n</a> – via Hathi Trust.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1769&rft.btitle=Blair%27s+Chronological+Tables&rft.place=London&rft.pub=H.G.+Bohn&rft.date=1856&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Floc.ark%3A%2F13960%2Ft6349vh5n%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D684&rft.au=John+Blair&rft.au=J.+Willoughby+Rosse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Floc.ark%3A%2F13960%2Ft6349vh5n%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D684&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1769" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1769&oldid=1279994586">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1769&oldid=1279994586</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1769" title="Category:1769">1769</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_March_2011" title="Category:Use mdy dates from March 2011">Use mdy dates from March 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 March 2025, at 20:30<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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