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id="toc-First_printed_Gregorian_calendar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_printed_Gregorian_calendar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>First printed Gregorian calendar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_printed_Gregorian_calendar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Adoption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adoption_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Adoption by country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoption_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Difference_between_Gregorian_and_Julian_calendar_dates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Difference_between_Gregorian_and_Julian_calendar_dates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Difference between Gregorian and Julian calendar dates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Difference_between_Gregorian_and_Julian_calendar_dates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beginning_of_the_year" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beginning_of_the_year"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Beginning of the year</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beginning_of_the_year-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dual_dating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dual_dating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dual dating</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dual_dating-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Dual dating subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dual_dating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Old Style and New Style dates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Proleptic Gregorian calendar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Months" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Months"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Months</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Months-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weeks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weeks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Weeks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weeks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accuracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accuracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Accuracy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Accuracy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Accuracy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Accuracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Calendar_seasonal_error" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calendar_seasonal_error"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Calendar seasonal error</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calendar_seasonal_error-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_reforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_reforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Proposed reforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_reforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gregorian calendar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 199 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-199" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">199 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoriaanse_kalender" title="Gregoriaanse kalender – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gregoriaanse kalender" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorianischer_Kalender" title="Gregorianischer Kalender – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gregorianischer Kalender" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8E%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%8E%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%AB%E1%8A%95_%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%8C%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B3%E1%88%AD" title="ጎርጎርያን ካሌንዳር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጎርጎርያን ካሌንዳር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoriaanl%C3%A2%C5%A1_kalender" title="Gregoriaanlâš kalender – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Gregoriaanlâš kalender" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0" title="ग्रेगोरी कैलंडर – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ग्रेगोरी कैलंडर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorisc_ger%C4%ABmb%C5%8Dc" title="Gregorisc gerīmbōc – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Gregorisc gerīmbōc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="تقويم ميلادي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تقويم ميلادي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandario_gregoriano" title="Calandario gregoriano – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Calandario gregoriano" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A3%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%93%DC%95%DC%90_%DC%93%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%93%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܓܪܝܓܘܪܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܓܪܝܓܘܪܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%95%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D5%B5%D6%81" title="Գրիգորեան Օրացոյց – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գրիգորեան Օրացոյց" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendri%C3%A9r_gr%C3%A8gorien" title="Calendriér grègorien – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Calendriér grègorien" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80" title="গ্ৰেগৰিয়ান বৰ্ষপঞ্জী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গ্ৰেগৰিয়ান বৰ্ষপঞ্জী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendariu_gregorianu" title="Calendariu gregorianu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Calendariu gregorianu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0" title="ग्रेगोरियन कलेंडर – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="ग्रेगोरियन कलेंडर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyreg%C3%B3rio_arapapaha" title="Gyregório arapapaha – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Gyregório arapapaha" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Грегорианаб календар – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Грегорианаб календар" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qriqori_t%C9%99qvimi" title="Qriqori təqvimi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qriqori təqvimi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%85" title="میلادی تقویم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="میلادی تقویم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kal%C3%A9nder_Gr%C3%A9gorian" title="Kalénder Grégorian – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kalénder Grégorian" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF" title="গ্রেগরীয় বর্ষপঞ্জি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রেগরীয় বর্ষপঞ্জি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanak_Gregorius" title="Almanak Gregorius – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Almanak Gregorius" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorius_Le%CC%8Dk-hoat" title="Gregorius Le̍k-hoat – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gregorius Le̍k-hoat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendher_Gregorian" title="Kalendher Gregorian – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kalendher Gregorian" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Григориан календары – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Григориан календары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Грыгарыянскі каляндар – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грыгарыянскі каляндар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Грыгарыянскі каляндар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Грыгарыянскі каляндар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0" title="ग्रेगरियन कैलेंडर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ग्रेगरियन कैलेंडर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoryanong_kalendaryo" title="Gregoryanong kalendaryo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gregoryanong kalendaryo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Григориански календар – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Григориански календар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorianischa_Kalenda" title="Gregorianischa Kalenda – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gregorianischa Kalenda" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorijanski_kalendar" title="Gregorijanski kalendar – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gregorijanski kalendar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deiziadur_gregorian" title="Deiziadur gregorian – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Deiziadur gregorian" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Григориин литэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Григориин литэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendari_gregori%C3%A0" title="Calendari gregorià – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Calendari gregorià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%97%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%97" title="Кӗркури календарӗ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кӗркури календарӗ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuigang_Gregoryano" title="Tuigang Gregoryano – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tuigang Gregoryano" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregori%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD_kalend%C3%A1%C5%99" title="Gregoriánský kalendář – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gregoriánský kalendář" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_Gregoriano" title="Calendario Gregoriano – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Calendario Gregoriano" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karenda_ya_Gregori" title="Karenda ya Gregori – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Karenda ya Gregori" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendr_Gregori" title="Calendr Gregori – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Calendr Gregori" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorianske_kalender" title="Gregorianske kalender – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gregorianske kalender" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85_%DD%A3%D8%B1%D9%8A%DD%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="تقويم ݣريݣوري – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تقويم ݣريݣوري" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorianischer_Kalender" title="Gregorianischer Kalender – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gregorianischer Kalender" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%A9%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%8B%DE%A9_%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA" title="މީލާދީ ކަލަންޑަރު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މީލާދީ ކަލަންޑަރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorjaniska_pratyja" title="Gregorjaniska pratyja – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Gregorjaniska pratyja" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoriuse_kalender" title="Gregoriuse kalender – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gregoriuse kalender" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C_%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Γρηγοριανό ημερολόγιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γρηγοριανό ημερολόγιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lun%C3%A2ri_Gregori%C3%A2n" title="Lunâri Gregoriân – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Lunâri Gregoriân" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_gregoriano" title="Calendario gregoriano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Calendario gregoriano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoria_kalendaro" title="Gregoria kalendaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gregoria kalendaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egutegi_gregoriano" title="Egutegi gregoriano – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Egutegi gregoriano" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="گاه‌شماری میلادی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گاه‌شماری میلادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Gregorian calendar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorianski_kalendarin" title="Gregorianski kalendarin – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Gregorianski kalendarin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien" title="Calendrier grégorien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Calendrier grégorien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoriaanske_kalinder" title="Gregoriaanske kalinder – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gregoriaanske kalinder" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendari_Gregorian" title="Calendari Gregorian – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Calendari Gregorian" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9ilire_Ghr%C3%A9ag%C3%B3ra" title="Féilire Ghréagóra – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Féilire Ghréagóra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feaillere_Gregoiragh" title="Feaillere Gregoiragh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Feaillere Gregoiragh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ACosachan_Griogarach" title="Mìosachan Griogarach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mìosachan Griogarach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_gregoriano" title="Calendario gregoriano – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Calendario gregoriano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Григоре ханорг – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Григоре ханорг" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%85" title="میلادی تقویم – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="میلادی تقویم" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97" title="ગ્રેગોરીયન પંચાંગ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગ્રેગોરીયન પંચાંગ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorius_La%CC%8Dk-fap" title="Gregorius La̍k-fap – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Gregorius La̍k-fap" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%AC%EB%A0%A5" title="그레고리력 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그레고리력" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%85%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D6%81" title="Գրիգորյան օրացույց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրիգորյան օրացույց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="ग्रेगोरी पंचांग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्रेगोरी पंचांग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorianiska_protyka" title="Gregorianiska protyka – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Gregorianiska protyka" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorijanski_kalendar" title="Gregorijanski kalendar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gregorijanski kalendar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoriala_kalendario" title="Gregoriala kalendario – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gregoriala kalendario" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendario_a_Gregoriano" title="Kalendario a Gregoriano – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kalendario a Gregoriano" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80" title="গ্রেগরিয়ান পাঞ্জী – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="গ্রেগরিয়ান পাঞ্জী" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalender_Gregorius" title="Kalender Gregorius – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kalender Gregorius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_gregorian" title="Calendario gregorian – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Calendario gregorian" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor%C3%ADska_t%C3%ADmatali%C3%B0" title="Gregoríska tímatalið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gregoríska tímatalið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_gregoriano" title="Calendario gregoriano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calendario gregoriano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99" title="הלוח הגרגוריאני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הלוח הגרגוריאני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pananggalan_Gr%C3%A9goriyus" title="Pananggalan Grégoriyus – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pananggalan Grégoriyus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorianskit_ullorsiutaat" title="Gregorianskit ullorsiutaat – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Gregorianskit ullorsiutaat" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಗ್ರೆಗೋರಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಲೆಂಡರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗ್ರೆಗೋರಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಲೆಂಡರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Григориан орузлама – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Григориан орузлама" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="გრიგორიანული კალენდარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრიგორიანული კალენდარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1" title="گریگورین کیلنڈر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="گریگورین کیلنڈر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%C3%B2ria%C5%84sczi_kal%C3%A3d%C3%B4rz" title="Gregòriańsczi kalãdôrz – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Gregòriańsczi kalãdôrz" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Григориан күнтізбесі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Григориан күнтізбесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calans_gregorek" title="Calans gregorek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Calans gregorek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalenda_ya_Gregori" title="Kalenda ya Gregori – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kalenda ya Gregori" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Григорий календар – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Григорий календар" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalandriye_gregoryen" title="Kalandriye gregoryen – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kalandriye gregoryen" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalandriy%C3%A9_gr%C3%A9goryen" title="Kalandriyé grégoryen – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kalandriyé grégoryen" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salnameya_gregor%C3%AE" title="Salnameya gregorî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Salnameya gregorî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Григориан календары – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Григориан календары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendario_gregoriano" title="Kalendario gregoriano – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kalendario gregoriano" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendarium_Gregorianum" title="Calendarium Gregorianum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Calendarium Gregorianum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregora_kalend%C4%81rs" title="Gregora kalendārs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gregora kalendārs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorianesche_Kalenner" title="Gregorianesche Kalenner – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gregorianesche Kalenner" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Григорийдин чӀаварган – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Григорийдин чӀаварган" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigaliaus_kalendorius" title="Grigaliaus kalendorius – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Grigaliaus kalendorius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BBn%C3%A4io_Gregorian" title="Lûnäio Gregorian – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lûnäio Gregorian" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoriaanse_kalender" title="Gregoriaanse kalender – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Gregoriaanse kalender" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taqu%C3%ADn_gregurian" title="Taquín gregurian – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Taquín gregurian" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gergely-napt%C3%A1r" title="Gergely-naptár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gergely-naptár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0" title="ग्रेगोरियन क्यालेन्डर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ग्रेगोरियन क्यालेन्डर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Грегоријански календар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Грегоријански календар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetiandro_greg%C3%B4riana" title="Tetiandro gregôriana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tetiandro gregôriana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="ഗ്രിഗോറിയൻ കാലഗണനാരീതി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്രിഗോറിയൻ കാലഗണനാരീതി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="ग्रेगोरीयन दिनदर्शिका – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्रेगोरीयन दिनदर्शिका" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="გრიგორიანული კალენდარი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გრიგორიანული კალენდარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89" title="تقويم جريجورى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تقويم جريجورى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%85" title="میلادی تقویم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="میلادی تقویم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takwim_Gregorius" title="Takwim Gregorius – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Takwim Gregorius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorius_L%C4%ADk-hu%C3%A1k" title="Gregorius Lĭk-huák – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gregorius Lĭk-huák" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Григорийн тоолол – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Григорийн тоолол" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဂရီဂေါရီးယန်း ပြက္ခဒိန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂရီဂေါရီးယန်း ပြက္ခဒိန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoriaanse_kalender" title="Gregoriaanse kalender – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gregoriaanse kalender" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoriaanse_kalender" title="Gregoriaanse kalender – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Gregoriaanse kalender" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D" title="इस्वी सम्वत् – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इस्वी सम्वत्" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4" title="इस्वि सम्बत – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इस्वि सम्बत" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E6%9A%A6" title="グレゴリオ暦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グレゴリオ暦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calannario_greguriano" title="Calannario greguriano – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Calannario greguriano" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%95%DF%9F%DF%8B%DF%AC%DF%9F%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%9B%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%93%DF%8F%DF%9F%DF%8F%DF%B2" title="ߕߟߋ߬ߟߊ߬ߛߊ߲ߓߏߟߏ߲ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߕߟߋ߬ߟߊ߬ߛߊ߲ߓߏߟߏ߲" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Григорийн рузма – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Григорийн рузма" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoriaans_kalender" title="Gregoriaans kalender – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gregoriaans kalender" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_gregorianske_kalenderen" title="Den gregorianske kalenderen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den gregorianske kalenderen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_gregorianske_kalenderen" title="Den gregorianske kalenderen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den gregorianske kalenderen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendri_gr%C3%A9gorian" title="Calendri grégorian – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Calendri grégorian" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendi%C3%A8r_gregorian" title="Calendièr gregorian – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Calendièr gregorian" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Григориан кечышот – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Григориан кечышот" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9E%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BF" title="ଗ୍ରେଗୋରି ପାଞ୍ଜି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଗ୍ରେଗୋରି ପାଞ୍ଜି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaha_Giriigooriyaa" title="Dhaha Giriigooriyaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Dhaha Giriigooriyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigoriy_taqvimi" title="Grigoriy taqvimi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Grigoriy taqvimi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0" title="ਗ੍ਰੇਗੋਰੀਅਨ ਕੈਲੰਡਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗ੍ਰੇਗੋਰੀਅਨ ਕੈਲੰਡਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1" title="گریگوری کیلنڈر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گریگوری کیلنڈر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kal%C3%A8nder_gregoriano" title="Kalènder gregoriano – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kalènder gregoriano" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="ګرېګوري کليز – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګرېګوري کليز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%93" title="ប្រតិទិនហ្គ្រេហ្គោរៀន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប្រតិទិនហ្គ្រេហ្គោរៀន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendari_gregorian" title="Calendari gregorian – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Calendari gregorian" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoriaansch_Klenner" title="Gregoriaansch Klenner – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gregoriaansch Klenner" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendarz_gregoria%C5%84ski" title="Kalendarz gregoriański – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kalendarz gregoriański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Γρηγοριανόν ημερολόγιον – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Γρηγοριανόν ημερολόγιον" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calend%C3%A1rio_gregoriano" title="Calendário gregoriano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calendário gregoriano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigoriy_kalendar%C4%B1" title="Grigoriy kalendarı – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Grigoriy kalendarı" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendarul_gregorian" title="Calendarul gregorian – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Calendarul gregorian" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griguryanu_kalindaryu" title="Griguryanu kalindaryu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Griguryanu kalindaryu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D2%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Ґреґоріаньскый календарь – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґреґоріаньскый календарь" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Григорианский календарь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Григорианский календарь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Григориан халандаара – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Григориан халандаара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalena_Kurekoria" title="Kalena Kurekoria – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Kalena Kurekoria" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="ग्रेगोरी-कालगणना – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ग्रेगोरी-कालगणना" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calend%C3%A0riu_gregorianu" title="Calendàriu gregorianu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Calendàriu gregorianu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gregorian calendar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1hupamabaka_ya_Gregorian" title="Tšhupamabaka ya Gregorian – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Tšhupamabaka ya Gregorian" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendari_gregorian" title="Kalendari gregorian – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kalendari gregorian" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calannariu_grigurianu" title="Calannariu grigurianu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Calannariu grigurianu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1" title="ග්‍රෙගරි දින දසුන – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ග්‍රෙගරි දින දසුන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gregorian calendar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A_%DA%AA%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%8A%D8%B1" title="عيسوي ڪلينڊر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عيسوي ڪلينڊر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregori%C3%A1nsky_kalend%C3%A1r" title="Gregoriánsky kalendár – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gregoriánsky kalendár" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorijanski_koledar" title="Gregorijanski koledar – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gregorijanski koledar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gryg%C5%AFrja%C5%84ski_kalyndorz" title="Grygůrjański kalyndorz – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Grygůrjański kalyndorz" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalandarka_Miilaadiga" title="Kalandarka Miilaadiga – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kalandarka Miilaadiga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%98%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ڕۆژژمێری زایینی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆژژمێری زایینی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Грегоријански календар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Грегоријански календар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorijanski_kalendar" title="Gregorijanski kalendar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gregorijanski kalendar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kal%C3%A9nder_Gr%C3%A9gori" title="Kalénder Grégori – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kalénder Grégori" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoriaaninen_kalenteri" title="Gregoriaaninen kalenteri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gregoriaaninen kalenteri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorianska_kalendern" title="Gregorianska kalendern – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gregorianska kalendern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendaryong_Gregoryano" title="Kalendaryong Gregoryano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kalendaryong Gregoryano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="கிரெகொரியின் நாட்காட்டி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிரெகொரியின் நாட்காட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D1%82%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Милади тәкъвим – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Милади тәкъвим" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="గ్రెగోరియన్ కేలండర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్రెగోరియన్ కేలండర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="ปฏิทินกริกอเรียน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปฏิทินกริกอเรียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3" title="Солшумории мелодӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Солшумории мелодӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tohi_m%C4%81hina_faka-Kelek%C5%8Dli%C3%B3" title="Tohi māhina faka-Kelekōlió – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Tohi māhina faka-Kelekōlió" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miladi_takvim" title="Miladi takvim – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Miladi takvim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%CC%B1la%CC%B1nda_Gi%CC%B1regi%CC%B1ri" title="Ka̱la̱nda Gi̱regi̱ri – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ka̱la̱nda Gi̱regi̱ri" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Григоріанський календар – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Григоріанський календар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%85" title="عیسوی تقویم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عیسوی تقویم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligmoq" title="Ligmoq – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ligmoq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C5%82end%C3%A0rio_gregorian" title="Całendàrio gregorian – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Całendàrio gregorian" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%8Bch_Gregorius" title="Lịch Gregorius – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lịch Gregorius" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorius%C3%B5_kallendri" title="Gregoriusõ kallendri – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Gregoriusõ kallendri" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calindr%C3%AE_grigoryin" title="Calindrî grigoryin – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Calindrî grigoryin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%86" title="格里曆 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="格里曆" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorioansche_kalender" title="Gregorioansche kalender – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Gregorioansche kalender" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendaryo_Gregoryano" title="Kalendaryo Gregoryano – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kalendaryo Gregoryano" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%9B%86" title="公曆 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="公曆" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A8" title="גרעגאריאנישער קאלענדאר – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גרעגאריאנישער קאלענדאר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0l%E1%BA%B9%CC%81nd%C3%A0_Gregory" title="Kàlẹ́ndà Gregory – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kàlẹ́ndà Gregory" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%9B%86" title="公曆 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="公曆" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serrenamey%C3%AA_Gregori" title="Serrenameyê Gregori – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Serrenameyê Gregori" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoriaonse_kalender" title="Gregoriaonse kalender – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Gregoriaonse kalender" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C4%97galiaus_kal%C4%97nduorios" title="Grėgaliaus kalėnduorios – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Grėgaliaus kalėnduorios" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8E%86" title="公历 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="公历" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92fuk-acha_k%C3%A8_Gireg%E1%BB%8Dri" title="Òfuk-acha kè Giregọri – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Òfuk-acha kè Giregọri" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalender_Gregorian" title="Kalender Gregorian – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Internationally accepted civil calendar</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the calendar of religious holidays and periods, see <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a>. For this year's Gregorian calendar, see <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Wednesday" title="Common year starting on Wednesday">Common year starting on Wednesday</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Georgian_calendar" title="Georgian calendar">Georgian calendar</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">2025 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>2025<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MMXXV</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2778</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1474<br />ԹՎ ՌՆՀԴ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6775</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>181–182</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1946–1947</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1431–1432</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2975</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>3 <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Cha. 3</a> – 4 <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Cha. 3</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2569</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1387</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7533–7534</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">甲辰</a>年 (Wood <a href="/wiki/Dragon_(zodiac)" title="Dragon (zodiac)">Dragon</a>)<br />4722 or 4515<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />乙巳年 (Wood <a href="/wiki/Snake_(zodiac)" title="Snake (zodiac)">Snake</a>)<br />4723 or 4516</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1741–1742</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3191</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>2017–2018</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5785–5786</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>2081–2082</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1946–1947</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>5125–5126</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>12025</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>1025–1026</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1403–1404</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1446–1447</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Reiwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Reiwa">Reiwa</a> 7<br />(令和７年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1958–1959</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar">Juche calendar</a></td><td>114</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 13 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4358</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a> 114<br />民國114年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>557</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2568</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳木龙年<br />(male Wood-<a href="/wiki/Dragon_(zodiac)" title="Dragon (zodiac)">Dragon</a>)<br />2151 or 1770 or 998<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴木蛇年<br />(female Wood-<a href="/wiki/Snake_(zodiac)" title="Snake (zodiac)">Snake</a>)<br />2152 or 1771 or 999</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Unix_time" title="Unix time">Unix time</a></td><td>1735689600 – 1767225599</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Today</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><b><a href="/wiki/Wednesday" title="Wednesday">Wednesday</a></b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gregorian calendar</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a>, <a href="/wiki/2025" title="2025">2025</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></th><td class="infobox-data">26 <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">AH</a> 1446</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></th><td class="infobox-data">26 <a href="/wiki/Adar" title="Adar">Adar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anno_Mundi" title="Anno Mundi">AM</a> 5785</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paremhat_17" title="Paremhat 17">Paremhat 17</a>, 1741 <a href="/wiki/Era_of_the_Martyrs" title="Era of the Martyrs">AM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_calendar" title="Solar Hijri calendar">Solar Hijri calendar</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6 <a href="/wiki/Farvardin" title="Farvardin">Farvardin</a>, 1404 SH</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Choitro" title="Choitro">Choitro</a> 12, 1431 <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Era">BS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13 March 2025 <hr /> [<span class="plainlinks"><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gregorian_calendar&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page">refresh</span></a></span></span>]</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Gregorian calendar</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">calendar</a> used in most parts of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDershowitzReingold2008p._45._"The_calendar_in_use_today_in_most_of_the_world_is_the_Gregorian_or_''new-style''_calendar_designed_by_a_commission_assembled_by_Pope_Gregory_XIII_in_the_sixteenth_century."_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDershowitzReingold2008p._45._"The_calendar_in_use_today_in_most_of_the_world_is_the_Gregorian_or_''new-style''_calendar_designed_by_a_commission_assembled_by_Pope_Gregory_XIII_in_the_sixteenth_century."-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It went into effect in October 1582 following the <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Inter_gravissimas" title="Inter gravissimas">Inter gravissimas</a></i></span> issued by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIII" title="Pope Gregory XIII">Pope Gregory XIII</a>, which introduced it as a modification of, and replacement for, the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>. The principal change was to space <a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">leap years</a> differently so as to make the average calendar year 365.2425 days long, more closely approximating the 365.2422-day <a href="/wiki/Tropical_year" title="Tropical year">"tropical" or "solar" year</a> that is determined by the Earth's revolution around the Sun. </p><p>The rule for leap years is: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Every year that is exactly divisible by four is a leap year, except for years that are exactly divisible by 100, but these centurial years are leap years if they are exactly divisible by 400. For example, the years 1700, 1800, and 1900 are not leap years, but the year 2000 is.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Observatory" title="United States Naval Observatory">United States Naval Observatory</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>There were two reasons to establish the Gregorian calendar. First, the Julian calendar assumed incorrectly that the average solar year is exactly 365.25 days long, an overestimate of a little under one day per century, and thus has a leap year every four years without exception. The Gregorian reform shortened the average (calendar) year by 0.0075 days to stop the drift of the calendar with respect to the <a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">equinoxes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregory_XIII1582_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregory_XIII1582-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Second, in the years since the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a> in AD 325,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the excess leap days introduced by the Julian algorithm had caused the calendar to drift such that the <a href="/wiki/March_equinox" title="March equinox">March equinox</a> was occurring well before its nominal 21 March date. This date was important to the Christian churches, because it is fundamental to the <a href="/wiki/Date_of_Easter" title="Date of Easter">calculation of the date of Easter</a>. To reinstate the association, the reform advanced the date by 10 days:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thursday 4 October 1582 was followed by Friday 15 October 1582.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregory_XIII1582_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregory_XIII1582-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the reform also altered the lunar cycle used by the Church to calculate the date for Easter, because astronomical new moons were occurring four days before the calculated dates. Whilst the reform introduced minor changes, the calendar continued to be fundamentally based on the same <a href="/wiki/Geocentric_model" title="Geocentric model">geocentric theory</a> as its predecessor.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (November 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The reform was adopted initially by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Catholic</a> countries of Europe and their overseas possessions. Over the next three centuries, the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> countries also gradually moved to what they called the "<b>Improved calendar</b>",<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Greece being the last European country to adopt the calendar (for civil use only) in 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlegen2013_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlegen2013-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, many Orthodox churches continue to use the Julian calendar for religious rites and the dating of major feasts. To unambiguously specify a date during the transition period (in contemporary documents or in history texts), <a href="/wiki/Dual_dating" title="Dual dating">both notations were given</a>, tagged as <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Style and New Style">"Old Style" or "New Style"</a> as appropriate. During the 20th century, most non-<a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a> countries also adopted the calendar, at least for <a href="/wiki/Civil_calendar" title="Civil calendar">civil purposes</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div> <p>The Gregorian calendar, like the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">solar calendar</a> with 12 months of 28–31 days each. The year in both calendars consists of 365 days, with a <a href="/wiki/Leap_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Leap day">leap day</a> being added to February in the <a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">leap years</a>. The months and length of months in the Gregorian calendar are the same as for the Julian calendar. The only difference is that the Gregorian calendar omits a leap day in <i>three</i> centurial years every 400 years and leaves the leap day unchanged. </p><p>A leap year normally occurs every four years: the leap day, historically, was inserted by doubling 24 February – there were indeed <a href="/wiki/Bissextus" title="Bissextus">two days dated 24 February</a>. However, for many years it has been customary to put the extra day at the end of the month of February, adding a <a href="/wiki/29_February" class="mw-redirect" title="29 February">29 February</a> for the leap day. Before the <a href="/wiki/Mysterii_Paschalis" title="Mysterii Paschalis">1969 revision</a> of its <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a>, the Catholic Church delayed February feasts after the 23rd by one day in leap years; masses celebrated according to the previous calendar still reflect this delay.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards1998101_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards1998101-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>A year is divided into twelve <a href="/wiki/Month" title="Month">months</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr></th> <th>Name</th> <th>Length in days </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>January</td> <td>31 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>February</td> <td>28 (29 in <a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">leap years</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>March</td> <td>31 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>April</td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>May</td> <td>31 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>June</td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>July</td> <td>31 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>August</td> <td>31 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>September</td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>October</td> <td>31 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>November</td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>December</td> <td>31 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Gregorian years are identified by consecutive year numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A calendar date is fully specified by the year (numbered according to a <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendar era</a>, in this case <i><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a>), the month (identified by name or number), and the day of the month (numbered sequentially starting from 1). Although the calendar year currently runs from 1 January to 31 December, at previous times year numbers were based on a different starting point within the calendar (see the <a href="#Beginning_of_the_year">"beginning of the year"</a> section below). </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p>Calendar cycles repeat completely every 400 years, which equals 146,097 days.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of these 400 years, 303 are regular years of 365 days and 97 are leap years of 366 days. A mean calendar year is <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214402035">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.0em 0.1em;border-bottom:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.1em 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="sfrac">⁠365<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="tion"><span class="num">97</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">400</span></span>⁠</span> days = 365.2425 days, or 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes and 12 seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gregorian_reform">Gregorian reform</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery{line-height:1.35em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christopher_Clavius.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christopher Clavius (1538–1612), one of the main authors of the reform"><img alt="a portrait of Christopher Clavius (1538–1612), one of the main authors of the reform" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Christopher_Clavius.jpg/97px-Christopher_Clavius.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Christopher_Clavius.jpg/145px-Christopher_Clavius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Christopher_Clavius.jpg/193px-Christopher_Clavius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="1406" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Clavius" title="Christopher Clavius">Christopher Clavius</a> (1538–1612), one of the main authors of the reform</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gregory_XIII.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pope Gregory XIII, portrait by Lavinia Fontana, 16C"><img alt="a portrait of Pope Gregory XIII by Lavinia Fontana, sixteenth century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Gregory_XIII.jpg/117px-Gregory_XIII.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Gregory_XIII.jpg/175px-Gregory_XIII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Gregory_XIII.jpg/234px-Gregory_XIII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pope Gregory XIII, portrait by <a href="/wiki/Lavinia_Fontana" title="Lavinia Fontana">Lavinia Fontana</a>, 16C</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inter-grav.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="First page of the papal bull Inter gravissimas"><img alt="an image of the first page of the papal bull Inter gravissimas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Inter-grav.jpg/91px-Inter-grav.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Inter-grav.jpg/137px-Inter-grav.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Inter-grav.jpg/182px-Inter-grav.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="914" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">First page of the papal bull <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Inter_gravissimas" title="Inter gravissimas">Inter gravissimas</a></i></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gregorianscher_Kalender_Petersdom.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of the pope's tomb by Camillo Rusconi (completed 1723); Antonio Lilio is genuflecting before the pope, presenting his printed calendar."><img alt="a picture of Gregory's tomb showing Antonio Lilio presenting his printed calendar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Gregorianscher_Kalender_Petersdom.jpg/200px-Gregorianscher_Kalender_Petersdom.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Gregorianscher_Kalender_Petersdom.jpg/300px-Gregorianscher_Kalender_Petersdom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Gregorianscher_Kalender_Petersdom.jpg/400px-Gregorianscher_Kalender_Petersdom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of the pope's tomb by <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Rusconi" title="Camillo Rusconi">Camillo Rusconi</a> (completed 1723); Antonio Lilio is genuflecting before the pope, presenting his printed calendar.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar. It was instituted by papal bull <i><a href="/wiki/Inter_gravissimas" title="Inter gravissimas">Inter gravissimas</a></i> dated 24 February 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregory_XIII1582_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregory_XIII1582-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after whom the calendar is named. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. The error in the Julian calendar (its assumption that there are exactly 365.25 days in a year) had led to the date of the equinox according to the calendar drifting from the observed reality, and thus an error had been introduced into the <a href="/wiki/Computus" class="mw-redirect" title="Computus">calculation of the date of Easter</a>. Although a recommendation of the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a> in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see <a href="/wiki/Easter#Controversies_over_the_date" title="Easter">Easter</a> for the issues which arose).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3></div> <p>Because the <a href="/wiki/Date_of_Easter" title="Date of Easter">date of Easter</a> is a function – the <i><a href="/wiki/Computus" class="mw-redirect" title="Computus">computus</a></i> – of the date of the <a href="/wiki/March_equinox" title="March equinox">spring equinox</a> in the northern hemisphere, the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> considered unacceptable the increasing divergence between the <a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">canonical date</a> of the equinox and observed reality. Easter is celebrated on the Sunday after the <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_full_moon" title="Ecclesiastical full moon">ecclesiastical full moon</a> on or after 21 March, which was adopted as an approximation to the March equinox.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards2013599_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards2013599-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> European scholars had been well aware of the calendar drift since the early medieval period. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a>, writing in the 8th century, showed that the accumulated error in his time was more than three days. <a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Roger Bacon</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1200</span>, estimated the error at seven or eight days. <a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a>, writing <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1300</span>, was aware of the need for calendar reform. An attempt to go forward with such a reform was undertaken by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_IV" title="Pope Sixtus IV">Pope Sixtus IV</a>, who in 1475 invited <a href="/wiki/Regiomontanus" title="Regiomontanus">Regiomontanus</a> to the Vatican for this purpose. However, the project was interrupted by the death of Regiomontanus shortly after his arrival in Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The increase of astronomical knowledge and the precision of observations towards the end of the 15th century made the question more pressing. Numerous publications over the following decades called for a calendar reform, among them two papers sent to the Vatican by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Salamanca" title="University of Salamanca">University of Salamanca</a> in 1515 and 1578,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarabias_Torres2012241_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarabias_Torres2012241-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the project was not taken up again until the 1540s, and implemented only under Pope Gregory XIII (r. 1572–1585). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preparation">Preparation</h3></div> <p>In 1545, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a> authorised <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_III" title="Pope Paul III">Pope Paul III</a> to reform the calendar, requiring that the date of the <a href="/wiki/March_equinox" title="March equinox">vernal equinox</a> be restored to that which it held at the time of the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a> in 325 and that an alteration to the calendar be designed to prevent future drift. This would allow for more consistent and accurate scheduling of the feast of Easter. </p><p>In 1577, a <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Compendium</i></span> was sent to expert mathematicians outside the reform commission for comments. Some of these experts, including <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Benedetti" title="Giambattista Benedetti">Giambattista Benedetti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Moletti" title="Giuseppe Moletti">Giuseppe Moleto</a>, believed <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> should be computed from the true motions of the Sun and Moon, rather than using a tabular method, but these recommendations were not adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZiggelaar1983211,_214_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZiggelaar1983211,_214-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reform adopted was a modification of a proposal made by the <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabrian</a> doctor <a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Lilius" title="Aloysius Lilius">Aloysius Lilius</a> (or Lilio).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoyer1983_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoyer1983-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lilius's proposal included reducing the number of leap years in four centuries from 100 to 97, by making three out of four centurial years common instead of leap years. He also produced an original and practical scheme for adjusting the <a href="/wiki/Epact" title="Epact">epacts of the Moon</a> when calculating the annual date of Easter, solving a long-standing obstacle to calendar reform. </p><p>Ancient tables provided the Sun's mean longitude.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German mathematician <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Clavius" title="Christopher Clavius">Christopher Clavius</a>, the architect of the Gregorian calendar, noted that the tables agreed neither on the time when the Sun passed through the vernal equinox nor on the length of the mean tropical year. <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a> also noticed discrepancies.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gregorian leap year rule (97 leap years in 400 years) was put forward by <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Pitatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrus Pitatus">Petrus Pitatus</a> of Verona in 1560. He noted that it is consistent with the tropical year of the <a href="/wiki/Alfonsine_tables" title="Alfonsine tables">Alfonsine tables</a> and with the mean tropical year of Copernicus (<i><a href="/wiki/De_revolutionibus" class="mw-redirect" title="De revolutionibus">De revolutionibus</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Reinhold" title="Erasmus Reinhold">Erasmus Reinhold</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Prutenic_tables" class="mw-redirect" title="Prutenic tables">Prutenic tables</a></i>). The three mean tropical years in Babylonian <a href="/wiki/Sexagesimal" title="Sexagesimal">sexagesimals</a> as the excess over 365 days (the way they would have been extracted from the tables of mean longitude) were 0;14,33,9,57 (Alfonsine), 0;14,33,11,12 (Copernicus) and 0;14,33,9,24 (Reinhold).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In decimal notation, these are equal to 0.24254606, 0.24255185, and 0.24254352, respectively. All values are the same to two sexagesimal places (0;14,33, equal to decimal 0.2425) and this is also the mean length of the Gregorian year. Thus Pitatus's solution would have commended itself to the astronomers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwerdlow1986_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwerdlow1986-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lilius's proposals had two components. First, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean <a href="/wiki/Tropical_year" title="Tropical year">tropical year</a> is 365.24219 days long.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeusSavoie1992_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeusSavoie1992-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A commonly used value in Lilius's time, from the Alfonsine tables, is 365.2425463 days.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoyer1983_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoyer1983-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy results in a drift of about three days every 400 years. Lilius's proposal resulted in an average year of 365.2425 days (see <a href="#Accuracy">Accuracy</a>). At the time of Gregory's reform there had already been a drift of 10 days since the Council of Nicaea, resulting in the vernal equinox falling on 10 or 11 March instead of the ecclesiastically fixed date of 21 March, and if unreformed it would have drifted further. Lilius proposed that the 10-day drift should be corrected by deleting the Julian leap day on each of its ten occurrences over a period of forty years, thereby providing for a gradual return of the equinox to 21 March. </p><p>Lilius's work was expanded upon by Christopher Clavius in a closely argued, 800-page volume. He would later defend his and Lilius's work against detractors. Clavius's opinion was that the correction should take place in one move, and it was this advice that prevailed with Gregory. </p><p>The second component consisted of an approximation that would provide an accurate yet simple, rule-based calendar. Lilius's formula was a 10-day correction to revert the drift since the Council of Nicaea, and the imposition of a leap day in only 97 years in 400 rather than in 1 year in 4. The proposed rule was that "years divisible by 100 would be leap years only if they were divisible by 400 as well". </p><p>The 19-year cycle used for the lunar calendar required revision because the astronomical new moon was, at the time of the reform, four days before the calculated new moon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards2013599_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards2013599-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was to be corrected by one day every 300 or 400 years (8 times in 2,500 years) along with corrections for the years that are no longer leap years (i.e. 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, etc.) In fact, a new method for computing the date of Easter was introduced. The method proposed by Lilius was revised somewhat in the final reform.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZiggelaar1983220_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZiggelaar1983220-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the new calendar was put in use, the error accumulated in the 13 centuries since the Council of Nicaea was corrected by a deletion of 10 days. The Julian calendar day Thursday, 4 October 1582 was followed by the first day of the Gregorian calendar, Friday, 15 October 1582 (the cycle of weekdays was not affected). </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_printed_Gregorian_calendar">First printed Gregorian calendar</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reforma_Gregoriana_del_Calendario_Juliano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Reforma_Gregoriana_del_Calendario_Juliano.jpg/250px-Reforma_Gregoriana_del_Calendario_Juliano.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Reforma_Gregoriana_del_Calendario_Juliano.jpg/330px-Reforma_Gregoriana_del_Calendario_Juliano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Reforma_Gregoriana_del_Calendario_Juliano.jpg/500px-Reforma_Gregoriana_del_Calendario_Juliano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2188" data-file-height="3174" /></a><figcaption> <i>Lunario Novo, Secondo la Nuova Riforma della Correttione del l'Anno Riformato da N.S. Gregorio XIII</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Lunario_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunario-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> printed in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> by Vincenzo Accolti in 1582, one of the first printed editions of the new calendar</figcaption></figure> <p>A month after decreeing the reform, the pope (with a brief of 3 April 1582) granted to one Antoni Lilio the exclusive right to publish the calendar for a period of ten years. The <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Lunario Novo secondo la nuova riforma</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-Lunario_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunario-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was printed by Vincenzo Accolti, one of the first calendars printed in Rome after the reform, notes at the bottom that it was signed with papal authorization and by Lilio (<i>Con licentia delli Superiori... et permissu Ant(onii) Lilij</i>). The papal brief was revoked on 20 September 1582, because Antonio Lilio proved unable to keep up with the demand for copies.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adoption">Adoption <span class="anchor" id="Timeline"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar" title="Adoption of the Gregorian calendar">Adoption of the Gregorian calendar</a></div> <p>Although Gregory's reform was enacted in the most solemn of forms available to the Church, the bull had no authority beyond the Catholic Church (of which he was the supreme religious authority) and the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> (which he personally ruled). The changes that he was proposing were changes to the civil calendar, which required adoption by the civil authorities in each country to have legal effect. </p><p>The bull <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Inter gravissimas</i></span> became the law of the Catholic Church in 1582, but it was not recognised by <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant churches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox churches">Eastern Orthodox churches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox churches">Oriental Orthodox churches</a>, and a few others. Consequently, the days on which Easter and related holidays were celebrated by different Christian churches again diverged. </p><p>On 29 September 1582, <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Spain and Portugal</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/History_of_early_modern_Italy" title="History of early modern Italy">much of Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these territories, as well as in the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the Papal States, the new calendar was implemented on the date specified by the bull, with Julian Thursday, 4 October 1582, being followed by Gregorian Friday, 15 October. The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese colonies</a> followed somewhat later <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">de facto</i></span> because of delay in communication.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other major Catholic power of Western Europe, France, adopted the change a few months later: 9 December was followed by 20 December.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> countries initially objected to adopting a Catholic innovation; some Protestants feared the new calendar was part of a plot to return them to the Catholic fold. For example, the British could not bring themselves to adopt the Catholic system explicitly: the Annexe to their <a href="/wiki/Calendar_(New_Style)_Act_1750" title="Calendar (New Style) Act 1750">Calendar (New Style) Act 1750</a> established a computation for the date of Easter that achieved the same result as Gregory's rules, without actually referring to him.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Britain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> (including the eastern part of what is now the United States) adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1752. <a href="/wiki/Swedish_calendar" title="Swedish calendar">Sweden</a> followed in 1753. </p><p>Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">Hijri era</a> for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the <a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">Hijri year</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Rumi_calendar" title="Rumi calendar">Rumi calendar</a>). As the solar year is longer than the lunar year this originally entailed the use of "escape years" every so often when the number of the fiscal year would jump. From 1 March 1917 the fiscal year became Gregorian, rather than Julian. On 1 January 1926, the use of the Gregorian calendar was extended to include use for general purposes and the number of the year became the same as in most other countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Adoption_by_country">Adoption by country</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This is a brief summary. For a comprehensive table, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_adoption_dates_of_the_Gregorian_calendar_by_country" title="List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar by country">List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar by country</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Country/-ies/Areas </th></tr> <tr> <td>1582 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, Catholic <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, and colonies thereof </td></tr> <tr> <td>1584 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Kingdom of Bohemia</a>, some Catholic <a href="/wiki/Swiss_cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss cantons">Swiss cantons</a><sup id="cite_ref-CH_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CH-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1610 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1648 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1682 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1700 </td> <td>Protestant <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, some Protestant <a href="/wiki/Swiss_cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss cantons">Swiss cantons</a><sup id="cite_ref-CH_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CH-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1752 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Ireland</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire#"First"_British_Empire_(1707–1783)" title="British Empire">"First" British Empire (1707–1783)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1753 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1873 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1875 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1896 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1912 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1915 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1916 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1917 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1918 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1919 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1923 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1926 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Common_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Common era">common era</a> years; Gregorian dates in use since 1917 Ottoman adoption) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Difference_between_Gregorian_and_Julian_calendar_dates">Difference between Gregorian and Julian calendar dates</h2></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="white-space:nowrap"> <caption>Conversion from Julian to Gregorian dates.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Gregorian range</th> <th>Julian range</th> <th>Difference </th></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>From 15 October 1582<br />to 28 February 1700 </td> <td>From 5 October 1582<br />to 18 February 1700 </td> <td align="center">10 days </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>From 1 March 1700<br />to 28 February 1800 </td> <td>From 19 February 1700<br />to 17 February 1800 </td> <td align="center">11 days </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>From 1 March 1800<br />to 28 February 1900 </td> <td>From 18 February 1800<br />to 16 February 1900 </td> <td align="center">12 days </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>From 1 March 1900<br />to 28 February 2100 </td> <td>From 17 February 1900<br />to 15 February 2100 </td> <td align="center">13 days </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>From 1 March 2100<br />to 28 February 2200 </td> <td>From 16 February 2100<br />to 14 February 2200 </td> <td align="center">14 days </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This section always places the intercalary day on <span class="nowrap">29 February</span> even though it was always obtained by doubling <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> (the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">bissextum</i></span> (twice sixth) or bissextile day) until the late <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. The Gregorian calendar is <a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar" title="Proleptic Gregorian calendar">proleptic</a> before 1582 (calculated backwards on the same basis, for years before 1582), and the difference between Gregorian and Julian calendar dates increases by three days every four centuries (all date ranges are inclusive). </p><p>The following equation gives the number of days that the Gregorian calendar is ahead of the Julian calendar, called the "secular difference" between the two calendars. A negative difference means the Julian calendar is ahead of the Gregorian calendar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackburnHolford-Strevens1999788_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackburnHolford-Strevens1999788-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D=\left\lfloor {Y/100}\right\rfloor -\left\lfloor {Y/400}\right\rfloor -2,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>D</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo>⌊</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>100</mn> </mrow> <mo>⌋</mo> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mrow> <mo>⌊</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>400</mn> </mrow> <mo>⌋</mo> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D=\left\lfloor {Y/100}\right\rfloor -\left\lfloor {Y/400}\right\rfloor -2,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a313a9b32c617d13533a900c05f404cf98f63bc4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:29.489ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D=\left\lfloor {Y/100}\right\rfloor -\left\lfloor {Y/400}\right\rfloor -2,}" /></span> where <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>D</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f34a0c600395e5d4345287e21fb26efd386990e6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.924ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D}" /></span> is the secular difference and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/961d67d6b454b4df2301ac571808a3538b3a6d3f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.171ex; width:1.773ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y}" /></span> is the year using <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_year_numbering" title="Astronomical year numbering">astronomical year numbering</a>, that is, use <span class="nowrap">1 − (year BC)</span> for BC years. <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left\lfloor {x}\right\rfloor }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo>⌊</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> <mo>⌋</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left\lfloor {x}\right\rfloor }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/646b67c5ebaa8a43d4687159565e622d08d25baf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.394ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left\lfloor {x}\right\rfloor }" /></span> means that if the result of the division is not an integer it is rounded down to the nearest integer. </p><p>The general rule, in years which are leap years in the Julian calendar but not the Gregorian, is: </p><p>Up to 28 February in the calendar being converted <em>from</em>, add one day less or subtract one day more than the calculated value. Give February the appropriate number of days for the calendar being converted <em>into</em>. When subtracting days to calculate the Gregorian equivalent of 29 February (Julian), 29 February is discounted. Thus if the calculated value is −4 the Gregorian equivalent of this date is 24 February.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beginning_of_the_year">Beginning of the year</h2></div> <table class="sortable wikitable floatright"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Start numbered year<br />on 1 January</th> <th>Adoption of<br />Gregorian calendar </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></td> <td>153 BC</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Denmark</td> <td>Gradual change from<br />13th to 16th centuries<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1700 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a></td> <td>1522</td> <td>1582 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td> <td>1583</td> <td>1582 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a><br />(Catholic states)</td> <td>1544</td> <td>1583 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spain, Poland, Portugal</td> <td>1556<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBond187599–100_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBond187599–100-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1582 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a><br />(Protestant states)</td> <td>1559</td> <td>1700<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sweden</td> <td>1559<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBond187598_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBond187598-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1753 </td></tr> <tr> <td>France</td> <td>1564<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1582<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>o<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Netherlands" title="Southern Netherlands">Southern Netherlands</a></td> <td>1576<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1582 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine (province)">Lorraine</a></td> <td>1579<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBond187597_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBond187597-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1582<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>p<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a></td> <td>1583<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBond187594–95_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBond187594–95-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1582 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Scotland</td> <td>1600<sup id="cite_ref-Blackburn_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackburn-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBond187592_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBond187592-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1752 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia</td> <td>1700<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a></td> <td>1750<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1582<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and<br />the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a><br />except Scotland</td> <td>1752<sup id="cite_ref-Blackburn_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackburn-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1752 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The year used in dates during the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> was the consular year, which began on the day when consuls first entered office—probably 1 May before 222 BC, 15 March from 222 BC and 1 January from 153 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Julian calendar, which began in 45 BC, continued to use 1 January as the first day of the <a href="/wiki/New_year" class="mw-redirect" title="New year">new year</a>. Even though the year used for dates changed, the civil year always displayed its months in the order January to December from the Roman Republican period until the present. </p><p>During the Middle Ages, under the influence of the Catholic Church, many Western European countries moved the start of the year to one of several important Christian festivals—25 December (<a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>), 25 March (<a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a>), or Easter,<sup id="cite_ref-MS_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the Byzantine Empire began its year on 1 September and Russia did so on 1 March until 1492, when the new year was moved to 1 September.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In common usage, 1 January was regarded as New Year's Day and celebrated as such,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but from the 12th century until 1751 the legal year in England began on 25 March (<a href="/wiki/Lady_Day" title="Lady Day">Lady Day</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So, for example, the Parliamentary record lists the execution of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a> on 30 January as occurring in 1648 (as the year did not end until 24 March),<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although later histories adjust the start of the year to 1 January and record the execution as occurring in 1649.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies changed the start of the year to 1 January in 1752 (so 1751 was a short year with only 282 days). Later in 1752 in September the Gregorian calendar was introduced throughout Britain and the British colonies (see the section <a href="#Adoption">Adoption</a>). These two reforms were implemented by the <a href="/wiki/Calendar_(New_Style)_Act_1750" title="Calendar (New Style) Act 1750">Calendar (New Style) Act 1750</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NT-Perpetual-Calendar_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NT-Perpetual-Calendar-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some countries, an official decree or law specified that the start of the year should be 1 January. For such countries, a specific date when a "1 January year" became the norm, can be identified.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBond187591–101_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBond187591–101-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other countries, the customs varied, and the start of the year moved back and forth as fashion and influence from other countries dictated various customs. Neither the papal bull nor its attached canons explicitly fix such a date, though the latter states that the "<a href="/wiki/Golden_number_(time)" title="Golden number (time)">Golden number</a>" of 1752 ends in December and a new year (and new Golden number) begins in January 1753.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dual_dating">Dual dating</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_to_John_Etty_(18373251064).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Memorial_to_John_Etty_%2818373251064%29.jpg/250px-Memorial_to_John_Etty_%2818373251064%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Memorial_to_John_Etty_%2818373251064%29.jpg/330px-Memorial_to_John_Etty_%2818373251064%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Memorial_to_John_Etty_%2818373251064%29.jpg/500px-Memorial_to_John_Etty_%2818373251064%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2599" data-file-height="3926" /></a><figcaption>Memorial plaque to John Etty in <a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Church,_North_Street,_York" title="All Saints' Church, North Street, York">All Saints' Church, North Street, York</a>, recording his date of death as 28 January <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035" /><span class="sfrac">⁠170<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="tion"><span class="num">8</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">9</span></span>⁠</span></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dual_dating" title="Dual dating">Dual dating</a></div> <p>During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1750/51", where the dual year accounts for some countries already beginning their numbered year on 1 January while others were still using some other date. Even before 1582, the year sometimes had to be double-dated because of the different beginnings of the year in various countries. Woolley, writing in his biography of <a href="/wiki/John_Dee_(mathematician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Dee (mathematician)">John Dee</a> (1527–1608/9), notes that immediately after 1582 English letter writers "customarily" used "two dates" on their letters, one OS and one NS.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">Old Style and New Style dates</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">Old Style and New Style dates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calendar_(New_Style)_Act_1750" title="Calendar (New Style) Act 1750">Calendar (New Style) Act 1750</a></div> <p>"Old Style" (O.S.) and "New Style" (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, this is the change from the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 1582 and the early 20th century. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, and Britain's <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">American colonies</a>, there were two calendar changes, both in 1752. The first adjusted the start of a new year from <a href="/wiki/Lady_Day" title="Lady Day">Lady Day</a> (25 March) to 1 January (which <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> had done from 1600), while the second discarded the Julian calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar, removing 11 days from the September 1752 calendar to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPoole199595–139_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoole199595–139-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MS2_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS2-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To accommodate the two calendar changes, writers used <a href="/wiki/Dual_dating" title="Dual dating">dual dating</a> to identify a given day by giving its date according to both styles of dating. </p><p>For countries such as Russia where no start of year adjustment took place, O.S. and N.S. simply indicate the Julian and Gregorian dating systems. Many <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> countries continue to use the older Julian calendar for religious purposes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar">Proleptic Gregorian calendar</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar" title="Proleptic Gregorian calendar">Proleptic Gregorian calendar</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gregorian_calendar" title="Special:EditPage/Gregorian calendar">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces <a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar" title="Proleptic Gregorian calendar">a proleptic calendar</a>, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, with the year starting on 1 January, and no conversion to their Gregorian equivalents. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agincourt" title="Battle of Agincourt">Battle of Agincourt</a> is universally considered to have been fought on 25 October 1415 which is <a href="/wiki/Crispin" class="mw-redirect" title="Crispin">Saint Crispin</a>'s Day. </p><p>Usually, the mapping of new dates onto old dates with a start of year adjustment works well with little confusion for events that happened before the introduction of the Gregorian calendar. But for the period between the first introduction of the Gregorian calendar on 15 October 1582 and its introduction in Britain on 14 September 1752, there can be considerable confusion between events in continental western Europe and in British domains in English language histories. </p><p>Events in continental western Europe are usually reported in English language histories as happening under the Gregorian calendar. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blenheim" title="Battle of Blenheim">Battle of Blenheim</a> is always given as 13 August 1704. Confusion occurs when an event affects both. For example, <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III of England</a> set sail from the Netherlands on 11 November 1688 (Gregorian calendar) and arrived at <a href="/wiki/Brixham" title="Brixham">Brixham</a> in England on 5 November 1688 (Julian calendar). </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Miguel de Cervantes">Cervantes</a> seemingly died on exactly the same date (23 April 1616), but Cervantes predeceased Shakespeare by ten days in real time (as Spain used the Gregorian calendar, but Britain used the Julian calendar). This coincidence encouraged <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> to make 23 April the <a href="/wiki/World_Book_and_Copyright_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="World Book and Copyright Day">World Book and Copyright Day</a>. </p><p>Astronomers avoid this ambiguity by the use of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_day_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian day number">Julian day number</a>. </p><p>For dates before the year 1, unlike the proleptic Gregorian calendar used in the <a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">international standard</a> <a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">ISO 8601</a>, the traditional proleptic Gregorian calendar (like the older Julian calendar) does not have a <a href="/wiki/Year_zero" title="Year zero">year 0</a> and instead uses the ordinal numbers 1, 2, ... both for years AD and BC. Thus the traditional time line is 2 BC, 1 BC, AD 1, and AD 2. ISO 8601 uses astronomical year numbering which includes a year 0 and negative numbers before it. Thus the ISO 8601 time line is <span class="nowrap">−0001</span>, 0000, 0001, and 0002. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Month"></span><span class="anchor" id="Months_of_the_year"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Months">Months</h2></div> <p>The Gregorian calendar continued to employ the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a> months, which have Latinate names and irregular numbers of <a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">days</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January" title="January">January</a> (31 days), from Latin <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">mēnsis Iānuārius</i></span></i>, "Month of <a href="/wiki/Janus_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Janus (mythology)">Janus</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-janoed_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-janoed-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">Roman god</a> of gates, doorways, beginnings and endings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February" title="February">February</a> (28 days in <a href="/wiki/Common_year" title="Common year">common</a> and 29 in <a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">leap years</a>), from Latin <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">mēnsis Februārius</i></span></i>, "Month of the <a href="/wiki/Lupercalia" title="Lupercalia">Februa</a>", the <a href="/wiki/Roman_festivals" title="Roman festivals">Roman festival</a> of purgation and purification,<sup id="cite_ref-foed_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foed-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oe_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oe-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cognate_word" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognate word">cognate</a> with <a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">fever</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-foed_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foed-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Etruscan mythology">Etruscan</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_god" class="mw-redirect" title="Death god">death god</a> <a href="/wiki/Februus" title="Februus">Februus</a> ("Purifier"),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> word for <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a><sup id="cite_ref-foed_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foed-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March" title="March">March</a> (31 days), from Latin <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">mēnsis Mārtius</i></span></i>, "Month of <a href="/wiki/Mars_(mythology)" title="Mars (mythology)">Mars</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-maroed_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maroed-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Roman <a href="/wiki/War_god" class="mw-redirect" title="War god">war god</a><sup id="cite_ref-oe_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oe-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April" title="April">April</a> (30 days), from Latin <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">mēnsis Aprīlis</i></span></i>, of uncertain meaning<sup id="cite_ref-aproed_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aproed-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but usually derived from some form of the verb <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">aperire</i></span></i> ("to open")<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>q<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the name of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a><sup id="cite_ref-oe_76-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oe-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>r<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May" title="May">May</a> (31 days), from Latin <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">mēnsis Māius</i></span></i>, "Month of <a href="/wiki/Maia" title="Maia">Maia</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-mayoed_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayoed-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a Roman <a href="/wiki/Vegetation_goddess" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetation goddess">vegetation goddess</a><sup id="cite_ref-oe_76-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oe-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose name is cognate with Latin <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">magnus</i></span></i> ("great")<sup id="cite_ref-mayoed_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayoed-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and English <i>major</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June" title="June">June</a> (30 days), from Latin <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">mēnsis Iūnius</i></span></i>, "Month of <a href="/wiki/Juno_(mythology)" title="Juno (mythology)">Juno</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-junoed_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-junoed-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Roman goddess of <a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_ancient_Rome" title="Marriage in ancient Rome">marriage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Childbirth_goddess" class="mw-redirect" title="Childbirth goddess">childbirth</a>, and rule<sup id="cite_ref-oe_76-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oe-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>July (31 days), from Latin <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">mēnsis Iūlius</i></span></i>, "Month of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>", the month of Caesar's birth, instituted in 44<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC<sup id="cite_ref-juloed_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-juloed-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as part of <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">his calendrical reforms</a><sup id="cite_ref-oe_76-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oe-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August" title="August">August</a> (31 days), from Latin <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">mēnsis Augustus</i></span></i>, "Month of <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>", instituted by Augustus in 8<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC in agreement with July and from the occurrence during the month of several important events during his rise to power<sup id="cite_ref-augoed_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-augoed-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September" title="September">September</a> (30 days), from Latin <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">mēnsis september</i></span></i>, "seventh month", of the ten-month Roman year of <a href="/wiki/Romulus" title="Romulus">Romulus</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 750</span><span class="nowrap"> </span>BC<sup id="cite_ref-septoed_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-septoed-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October" title="October">October</a> (31 days), from Latin <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">mēnsis octōber</i></span></i>, "eighth month", of the ten-month Roman year of Romulus <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 750</span><span class="nowrap"> </span>BC<sup id="cite_ref-ooed_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ooed-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November" title="November">November</a> (30 days), from Latin <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">mēnsis november</i></span></i>, "ninth month", of the ten-month Roman year of Romulus <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 750</span><span class="nowrap"> </span>BC<sup id="cite_ref-noed_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noed-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December" title="December">December</a> (31 days), from Latin <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">mēnsis december</i></span></i>, "tenth month", of the ten-month Roman year of Romulus <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 750</span><span class="nowrap"> </span>BC<sup id="cite_ref-doed_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doed-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Europeans sometimes attempt to remember the number of days in each month by memorizing some form of the traditional verse "<a href="/wiki/Thirty_Days_Hath_September" title="Thirty Days Hath September">Thirty Days Hath September</a>". It appears in Latin,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italian,<sup id="cite_ref-i4d_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i4d-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Portuguese,<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and belongs to a broad <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">oral tradition</a> but the earliest currently attested form of the poem is the English <a href="/wiki/Marginalia" title="Marginalia">marginalia</a> inserted into a <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">calendar of saints</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1425</span>:<sup id="cite_ref-tto_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tto-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p>Thirti dayes hath novembir<br /> April june and Septembir.<br /> Of xxviij is but oon<br /> And alle the remenaunt xxx and j.<sup id="cite_ref-tto_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tto-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="en" class="poem"> <p>Thirty days have November,<br /> April, June, and September.<br /> Of 28 is but one<br /> And all the remnant 30 and 1. </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Month_-_Knuckles_(en).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Month_-_Knuckles_%28en%29.svg/250px-Month_-_Knuckles_%28en%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Month_-_Knuckles_%28en%29.svg/330px-Month_-_Knuckles_%28en%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Month_-_Knuckles_%28en%29.svg/440px-Month_-_Knuckles_%28en%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Knuckle_mnemonic" title="Knuckle mnemonic">knuckle mnemonic</a> for the days of the months of the year</figcaption></figure> <p>Variations appeared in <i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Goose" title="Mother Goose">Mother Goose</a></i> and continue to be taught at schools. The unhelpfulness of such involved <a href="/wiki/Mnemonic" title="Mnemonic">mnemonics</a> has been parodied as "Thirty days hath September<span class="nowrap"> </span>/ But all the rest I can't remember"<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it has also been called "probably the only sixteenth-century poem most ordinary citizens know by heart".<sup id="cite_ref-holly_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-holly-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A common nonverbal alternative is the <a href="/wiki/Knuckle_mnemonic" title="Knuckle mnemonic">knuckle mnemonic</a>, considering the <a href="/wiki/Knuckle" title="Knuckle">knuckles</a> of one's <a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">hands</a> as months with 31 days and the lower spaces between them as the months with fewer days. Using two hands, one may start from either <a href="/wiki/Pinkie_finger" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinkie finger">pinkie</a> knuckle as January and count across, omitting the space between the <a href="/wiki/Index_finger" title="Index finger">index</a> knuckles (July and August). The same procedure can be done using the knuckles of a single hand, returning from the last (July) to the first (August) and continuing through. A similar mnemonic is to move up a <a href="/wiki/Musical_keyboard" title="Musical keyboard">piano keyboard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Semitone" title="Semitone">semitones</a> from an F key, taking the white keys as the longer months and the black keys as the shorter ones. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Week"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weeks">Weeks</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Seven-day_week" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven-day week">Seven-day week</a></div> <p>In conjunction with the system of months, there is a system of <a href="/wiki/Week" title="Week">weeks</a>. A physical or electronic calendar provides conversion from a given date to the <a href="/wiki/Weekday" class="mw-redirect" title="Weekday">weekday</a> and shows multiple dates for a given weekday and month. <a href="/wiki/Calculating_the_day_of_the_week" class="mw-redirect" title="Calculating the day of the week">Calculating the day of the week</a> is not very simple, because of the irregularities in the Gregorian system. When the Gregorian calendar was adopted by each country, the weekly cycle continued uninterrupted. For example, in the case of the few countries that adopted the reformed calendar on the date proposed by Gregory XIII for the calendar's adoption, Friday, 15 October 1582, the preceding date was Thursday, 4 October 1582 (Julian calendar). </p><p>Opinions vary about the numbering of the days of the week. <a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">ISO 8601</a>, in common use worldwide, starts with Monday=1; printed monthly calendar grids often list Mondays in the first (left) column of dates and Sundays in the last. In North America, the week typically begins on Sunday and ends on Saturday. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accuracy">Accuracy</h2></div> <p>The Gregorian calendar improves the approximation made by the Julian calendar by skipping three Julian leap days in every 400 years, giving an average year of 365.2425 <a href="/wiki/Solar_time#Mean_solar_time" title="Solar time">mean solar days</a> long.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeidelmann1992580–581_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeidelmann1992580–581-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This approximation has an error of about one day per 3,030 years<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>s<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with respect to the current value of the <a href="/wiki/Mean_tropical_year" class="mw-redirect" title="Mean tropical year">mean tropical year</a>. However, because of the <a href="/wiki/Axial_precession_(astronomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Axial precession (astronomy)">precession of the equinoxes</a>, which is not constant, and the movement of the <a href="/wiki/Perihelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion">perihelion</a> (which affects the Earth's orbital speed) the error with respect to the <i>astronomical</i> vernal equinox is variable; using the average interval between vernal equinoxes near 2000 of 365.24237 days<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeusSavoie199242_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeusSavoie199242-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> implies an error closer to 1 day every 7,700 years. By any criterion, the Gregorian calendar is substantially more accurate than the 1 day in 128 years error of the Julian calendar (average year 365.25 days). </p><p>In the 19th century, Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a> proposed a modification to the Gregorian calendar with 969 leap days every 4,000 years, instead of 970 leap days that the Gregorian calendar would insert over the same period.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This would reduce the average year to 365.24225 days. Herschel's proposal would make the year 4000, and multiples thereof, common instead of leap. While this modification has often been proposed since, it has never been officially adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On time scales of thousands of years, the Gregorian calendar falls behind the astronomical seasons. This is because <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_rotation#Changes" title="Earth's rotation">the Earth's speed of rotation is gradually slowing down</a>, which makes each day slightly longer over time (see <a href="/wiki/Tidal_acceleration" title="Tidal acceleration">tidal acceleration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leap_second" title="Leap second">leap second</a>) while the year maintains a more uniform duration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calendar_seasonal_error">Calendar seasonal error</h3></div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gregoriancalendarleap_solstice.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gregorian calendar seasons difference"><img alt="Gregorian calendar seasons difference" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gregoriancalendarleap_solstice.svg/800px-Gregoriancalendarleap_solstice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="800" height="420" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gregoriancalendarleap_solstice.svg/1200px-Gregoriancalendarleap_solstice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gregoriancalendarleap_solstice.svg/1600px-Gregoriancalendarleap_solstice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="420" /></a></span> </p><p>This image shows the difference between the Gregorian calendar and the astronomical seasons. </p><p>The <i>y</i>-axis is the date of the solstice in June and the <i>x</i>-axis is Gregorian calendar years. </p><p>Each point is the date and time of the <a href="/wiki/Solstice" title="Solstice">June solstice</a> in that particular year. The error shifts by about a quarter of a day per year. Centurial years are ordinary years, unless they are divisible by 400, in which case they are leap years. This causes a correction in the years 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200, and 2300. </p><p>For instance, these corrections cause 23 December 1903 to be the latest December solstice, and 20 December 2096 to be the earliest solstice—about 2.35 days of variation compared with the astronomical event. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proposed_reforms">Proposed reforms</h2></div> <p>The following are <a href="/wiki/Calendar_reform" title="Calendar reform">proposed reforms</a> of the Gregorian calendar: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fixed_Calendar" title="International Fixed Calendar">International Fixed Calendar</a> (also called the <i>International Perpetual calendar</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Calendar" title="World Calendar">World Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Season_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="World Season Calendar">World Season Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_week_calendar" title="Leap week calendar">Leap week calendars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Calendar" title="Pax Calendar">Pax Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetry454" title="Symmetry454">Symmetry454</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanke%E2%80%93Henry_Permanent_Calendar" title="Hanke–Henry Permanent Calendar">Hanke–Henry Permanent Calendar</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/60px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/120px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a> – Modern calendar era</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_(New_Style)_Act_1750" title="Calendar (New Style) Act 1750">Calendar (New Style) Act 1750</a> – British statute adopting the Gregorian calendar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_reform" title="Calendar reform">Calendar reform</a> – Significant revision of a calendar system</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> – Modern calendar era</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_between_Julian_and_Gregorian_calendars" title="Conversion between Julian and Gregorian calendars">Conversion between Julian and Gregorian calendars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_rule" title="Doomsday rule">Doomsday rule</a> – Way of calculating the day of the week of a given date</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_revolutionary_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="French revolutionary calendar">French revolutionary calendar</a> – Calendar used in Revolutionary France from 1793 to 1805<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a> – Lunisolar calendar used for Jewish religious observances</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_Exiguus" title="Dionysius Exiguus">Dionysius Exiguus</a> – Byzantine saint (c. 470 – c. 544)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Inter_gravissimas" class="extiw" title="s:Translation:Inter gravissimas">Inter gravissimas in English</a> – Wikisource</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_day" title="Julian day">Julian day</a> – Days since the beginning of the Julian Period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_calendars" title="History of calendars">History of calendars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">ISO 8601</a> – International standards for dates and times</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_adoption_dates_of_the_Gregorian_calendar_by_country" title="List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar by country">List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_calendars" title="List of calendars">List of calendars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Calendarists" title="Old Calendarists">Old Calendarists</a> – Group of traditionalist Eastern Orthodox bodies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Old_Calendarists" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Old Calendarists">Greek Old Calendarists</a> – Group of traditionalist Eastern Orthodox bodies<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Julian_calendar" title="Revised Julian calendar">Revised Julian calendar</a> – Calendar used by some Eastern Orthodox churches</li></ul> <p><b>Precursors of the Gregorian reform</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Sacrobosco" title="Johannes de Sacrobosco">Johannes de Sacrobosco</a>, <i>De Anni Ratione</i> ("On reckoning the years"), <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1235</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Roger Bacon</a>, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Opus_Majus" title="Opus Majus">Opus Majus</a></i></span> ("Greater Work"), <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1267</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Many countries that use other calendars for religious purposes use the Gregorian calendar as their <a href="/wiki/Civil_calendar" title="Civil calendar">civil calendar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> is a notable exception, in that it uses the <a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_calendar" title="Solar Hijri calendar">solar Hijri calendar</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rather than 45 BC when the Roman Empire adopted the Julian calendar.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">By the time Great Britain and its possessions adopted the reform <a href="/wiki/Calendar_(New_Style)_Act_1750" title="Calendar (New Style) Act 1750">with effect from 1752</a>, the gap had increased to 11 days; when Russia and Greece did so (for their civil calendars) in the 20th century, the jump was 13 days. For other countries and territories, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_adoption_dates_of_the_Gregorian_calendar_by_country" title="List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar by country">List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar by country</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">called such to avoid any suggestion of recognising the authority of Rome. The British <a href="/wiki/Calendar_(New_Style)_Act_1750" title="Calendar (New Style) Act 1750">Calendar (New Style) Act 1750</a> restates the algorithm from first principles without any reference to Gregory.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The cycle described applies to the solar, or civil, calendar. If one also considers the ecclesiastical lunar rules, the lunisolar Easter <i>computus</i> cycle repeats only after 5,700,000 years of 2,081,882,250 days in 70,499,183 lunar months, based on an assumed mean lunar month of 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035" /><span class="sfrac">⁠2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="tion"><span class="num">49928114</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">70499183</span></span>⁠</span> seconds. (Seidelmann (1992), p. 582) [To properly function as an Easter <i><a href="/wiki/Computus" class="mw-redirect" title="Computus">computus</a></i>, this lunisolar cycle must have the same mean year as the Gregorian solar cycle, and indeed that is exactly the case.]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The extreme length of the Gregorian Easter <i>computus</i> is due to its being the product of the 19-year <a href="/wiki/Metonic_cycle" title="Metonic cycle">Metonic cycle</a>, the thirty different possible values of the <a href="/wiki/Epact" title="Epact">epact</a>, and the least common multiple (10,000) of the 400-year and 2,500-year solar and lunar correction cycles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker1945218_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker1945218-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The same result is obtained by summing the fractional parts implied by the rule: <span class="nowrap">365 + <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035" /><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">4</span></span>⁠</span> − <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035" /><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">100</span></span>⁠</span> + <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035" /><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">400</span></span>⁠</span> = 365 + 0.25 − 0.01 + 0.0025 = 365.2425</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The last major Christian region to accept the Alexandrian rules was the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a> (most of Western Europe) during 780–800. The last monastery in England to accept the Alexandrian rules did so in 931, and a few churches in southwest Asia beyond the eastern border of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> continued to use rules that differed slightly, causing four dates for Easter to differ every 532 years.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Tabule illustrissimi principis regis alfonsii</i></span> (Prague 1401−4). A full set of Alphonsine Tables (including tables for mean motions, conjunctions of Sun and Moon, equation of time, spherical astronomy, longitudes and latitudes of cities, star tables, eclipse tables).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For an example of the information provided see Jacques Cassini, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Tables astronomiques du soleil, de la lune, des planètes, des étoiles fixes, et des satellites de Jupiter et de Saturne</i></span>, Table III.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For an explanation of this notation, see <a href="/wiki/Sexagesimal#Notations" title="Sexagesimal">Sexagesimal#Notations</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lunario-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lunario_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunario_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"New Almanac according to the new reform for the correction of the year, [as] reformed by His Holiness Gregory XIII".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CH-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CH_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CH_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">In the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Swiss Confederacy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">Helvetic Republic</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, adoptions were made between 1584 and 1811. Some Catholic cantons switched in 1584, some Protestant in 1700/1701. For a complete list see <a href="/wiki/List_of_adoption_dates_of_the_Gregorian_calendar_per_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar per country">List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar per country</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1919 in the regions comprising the former Kingdoms of Serbia and Montenegro (present-day Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia and North Macedonia). The western and northern regions of what became Yugoslavia were already using the Gregorian calendar. For example, most of <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> adopted the Gregorian calendar at the same time as <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> in 1583. Coastal <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, which was at the time ruled by <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1582. Inland <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, ruled by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburgs</a>, adopted it in 1587 along with Hungary. The Gregorian calendar was used in <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> since the 16th century by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> population and was formally adopted for government use in 1878 following occupation by <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Protestant states in Germany used an astronomical Easter from 1700 to 1774, based on <a href="/wiki/Kepler" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepler">Kepler</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rudolphine_Tables" title="Rudolphine Tables">Rudolphine Tables</a>, differing from the Gregorian Easter twice, one week early in 1724 and 1744.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1793 France abandoned the Gregorian calendar in favour of the <a href="/wiki/French_Republican_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="French Republican Calendar">French Republican Calendar</a>. This change was reverted in 1805.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lorraine reverted to Julian in 1735 and adopted Gregorian again in 1760.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It is not unusual for month names to be based on natural descriptions but this etymology is sometimes doubted since no other <i>Roman</i> months have such names.<sup id="cite_ref-oe_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oe-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This derivation was apparently a popular one in ancient Rome, given by <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but rejected by <a href="/wiki/Varro" class="mw-redirect" title="Varro">Varro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cincius" title="Cincius">Cincius</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)"><span title="The geographic scope near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2017)">where?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Using value from Richards (2013, p. 587) for tropical year in mean solar days, the calculation is <span class="nowrap">1/(365.2425-365.24217).</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDershowitzReingold2008p._45._"The_calendar_in_use_today_in_most_of_the_world_is_the_Gregorian_or_''new-style''_calendar_designed_by_a_commission_assembled_by_Pope_Gregory_XIII_in_the_sixteenth_century."-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDershowitzReingold2008p._45._"The_calendar_in_use_today_in_most_of_the_world_is_the_Gregorian_or_''new-style''_calendar_designed_by_a_commission_assembled_by_Pope_Gregory_XIII_in_the_sixteenth_century."_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDershowitzReingold2008">Dershowitz & Reingold (2008)</a>, p. 45. "The calendar in use today in most of the world is the Gregorian or <i>new-style</i> calendar designed by a commission assembled by Pope Gregory XIII in the sixteenth century.".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/calendars">"Introduction to Calendars"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Observatory" title="United States Naval Observatory">United States Naval Observatory</a>. n.d<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Calendars&rft.pub=United+States+Naval+Observatory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faa.usno.navy.mil%2Ffaq%2Fcalendars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregory_XIII1582-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregory_XIII1582_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregory_XIII1582_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregory_XIII1582_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGregory_XIII1582">Gregory XIII (1582)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFApplebaum2000" class="citation book cs1">Applebaum, Wilbur (2000). "Clavius, Christoph (1538-1612)". <i>Encyclopedia of the Scientific Revolution: From Copernicus to Newton</i>. Garland Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8153-1503-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8153-1503-1"><bdi>0-8153-1503-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Clavius%2C+Christoph+%281538-1612%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Scientific+Revolution%3A+From+Copernicus+to+Newton&rft.pub=Garland+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8153-1503-1&rft.aulast=Applebaum&rft.aufirst=Wilbur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlegen2013-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlegen2013_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlegen2013">Blegen (2013)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards1998101-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards1998101_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichards1998">Richards (1998)</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clause 3.2.1 <a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">ISO 8601</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker1945218-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker1945218_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker1945">Walker (1945)</a>, p. 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards2013599-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards2013599_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards2013599_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichards2013">Richards (2013)</a>, p. 599.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBen-Menahem2009" class="citation book cs1">Ben-Menahem, Ari (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9tUrarQYhKMC&pg=PA863"><i>Historical Encyclopedia of Natural and Mathematical Sciences</i></a>. Vol. 1. Springer. p. 863. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783540688310" title="Special:BookSources/9783540688310"><bdi>9783540688310</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Encyclopedia+of+Natural+and+Mathematical+Sciences&rft.pages=863&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9783540688310&rft.aulast=Ben-Menahem&rft.aufirst=Ari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9tUrarQYhKMC%26pg%3DPA863&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarabias_Torres2012241-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarabias_Torres2012241_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarabias_Torres2012">Carabias Torres (2012)</a>, p. 241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZiggelaar1983211,_214-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZiggelaar1983211,_214_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZiggelaar1983">Ziggelaar (1983)</a>, pp. 211, 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoyer1983-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoyer1983_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoyer1983_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoyer1983">Moyer (1983)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_of_Saxony1401" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">John of Saxony (1401). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ljs174/page/n3/mode/2up"><i>Tabule illustrissimi principis regis alfonsii</i></a> [<i>The tablet of the most illustrious prince King Alphonsus</i>] (in Latin).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tabule+illustrissimi+principis+regis+alfonsii&rft.date=1401&rft.au=John+of+Saxony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fljs174%2Fpage%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCassini1740" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cassini, Jacques (1740). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/s2id11854200/page/10/mode/1up"><i>Tables astronomiques du soleil, de la lune, des planètes, des étoiles fixes, et des satellites de Jupiter et de Saturne</i></a> [<i>Astronomical tables of the sun, the moon, the planets, the fixed stars, and the satellites of Jupiter and Saturn</i>] (in French). Paris: Imprimerie Royale. p. T10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tables+astronomiques+du+soleil%2C+de+la+lune%2C+des+plan%C3%A8tes%2C+des+%C3%A9toiles+fixes%2C+et+des+satellites+de+Jupiter+et+de+Saturne&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=T10&rft.pub=Imprimerie+Royale&rft.date=1740&rft.aulast=Cassini&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fs2id11854200%2Fpage%2F10%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDreyer2014" class="citation book cs1">Dreyer, J L E (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CdzSAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA52"><i>Tycho Brahe</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-06871-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-06871-0"><bdi>978-1-108-06871-0</bdi></a>. <q>He remarks that both the Alphonsine and the Prutenic Tables are several hours wrong with regard to the time of the equinoxes and solstices.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tycho+Brahe&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-108-06871-0&rft.aulast=Dreyer&rft.aufirst=J+L+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCdzSAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNorth1989" class="citation book cs1">North, J (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q2xxatst4OQC&pg=PA29"><i>The Universal frame: historical essays in astronomy, natural philosophy and scientific method</i></a>. London. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-907628-95-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-907628-95-8"><bdi>978-0-907628-95-8</bdi></a>. <q>He noted on one occasion that the <i>Alphonsine tables</i> differed from the <i>Prutenic</i> by nineteen hours as to the time of the vernal equinox of 1588.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Universal+frame%3A+historical+essays+in+astronomy%2C+natural+philosophy+and+scientific+method&rft.place=London&rft.pages=29&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-907628-95-8&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq2xxatst4OQC%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwerdlow1986-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwerdlow1986_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSwerdlow1986">Swerdlow (1986)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeusSavoie1992-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeusSavoie1992_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeeusSavoie1992">Meeus & Savoie (1992)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZiggelaar1983220-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZiggelaar1983220_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZiggelaar1983">Ziggelaar (1983)</a>, p. 220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMezziVizza2010" class="citation book cs1">Mezzi, E.; Vizza, F. (2010). <i>Luigi Lilio Medico Astronomo e Matematico di Cirò</i>. Reggio Calabria: Laruffa Editore. pp. 14, 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788872214817" title="Special:BookSources/9788872214817"><bdi>9788872214817</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luigi+Lilio+Medico+Astronomo+e+Matematico+di+Cir%C3%B2&rft.place=Reggio+Calabria&rft.pages=14%2C+52&rft.pub=Laruffa+Editore&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9788872214817&rft.aulast=Mezzi&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Vizza%2C+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span> citing as primary references: <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze</i></span>, Magl. 5.10.5/a, <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Apostolic_Archive" title="Vatican Apostolic Archive">Vatican Apostolic Archive</a> A.A., Arm. I‑XVIII, 5506, f. 362r.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKamen1998" class="citation book cs1">Kamen, Henry (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wyWourPR5S8C&q=gregorian%20calendar"><i>Philip of Spain</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 248. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300078008" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300078008"><bdi>978-0300078008</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philip+of+Spain&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0300078008&rft.aulast=Kamen&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwyWourPR5S8C%26q%3Dgregorian%2520calendar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCohen2018" class="citation web cs1">Cohen, Jennie (23 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/news/6-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-gregorian-calendar">"6 Things You May Not Know About the Gregorian Calendar"</a>. <i>HISTORY</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft.atitle=6+Things+You+May+Not+Know+About+the+Gregorian+Calendar&rft.date=2018-08-23&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Jennie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2F6-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-gregorian-calendar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTadeusz_Szulc2011" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tadeusz Szulc (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.mhp-a1bcb8a2-65d9-4031-be3c-fb9bfb5ff460/c/SzDPiPP_2011_03_Szulc.pdf">"Wprowadzenie kalendarza gregoriańskiego w Rzeczpospolitej szlacheckiej"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego</i> (in Polish). tom 14: 32-33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+z+Dziej%C3%B3w+Pa%C5%84stwa+i+Prawa+Polskiego&rft.atitle=Wprowadzenie+kalendarza+gregoria%C5%84skiego+w+Rzeczpospolitej+szlacheckiej&rft.volume=tom+14&rft.pages=32-33&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Tadeusz+Szulc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcejsh.icm.edu.pl%2Fcejsh%2Felement%2Fbwmeta1.element.mhp-a1bcb8a2-65d9-4031-be3c-fb9bfb5ff460%2Fc%2FSzDPiPP_2011_03_Szulc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pragmaticasobrel00spai/page/n15/mode/2up">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Pragmatica" on the Ten Days of the Year"</a>. <a href="/wiki/John_Carter_Brown_Library" title="John Carter Brown Library">John Carter Brown Library</a>. 1584.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Pragmatica%22+on+the+Ten+Days+of+the+Year&rft.pub=John+Carter+Brown+Library&rft.date=1584&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpragmaticasobrel00spai%2Fpage%2Fn15%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span>: the first known South American imprint, produced in 1584 by Antonio Ricardo, of a four-page edict issued by King Philip II of Spain in 1582, decreeing the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tondering.dk/claus/cal/gregorian.php">"The Calendar FAQ: The Gregorian Calendar"</a>. Tondering.dk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Calendar+FAQ%3A+The+Gregorian+Calendar&rft.pub=Tondering.dk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tondering.dk%2Fclaus%2Fcal%2Fgregorian.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/apgb/Geo2/24/23/section/3">"Calendar (New Style) Act 1750, Section 3"</a>. Parliament of Great Britain – via National Archives.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Calendar+%28New+Style%29+Act+1750%2C+Section+3&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Great+Britain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fapgb%2FGeo2%2F24%2F23%2Fsection%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A more extensive list is available at <a href="/wiki/Conversion_between_Julian_and_Gregorian_calendars" title="Conversion between Julian and Gregorian calendars">Conversion between Julian and Gregorian calendars</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackburnHolford-Strevens1999788-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackburnHolford-Strevens1999788_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlackburnHolford-Strevens1999">Blackburn & Holford-Strevens (1999)</a>, p. 788.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEvans1998" class="citation book cs1">Evans, James (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nS51_7qbEWsC&pg=PA169"><i>The history and practice of ancient astronomy</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-509539-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-509539-1"><bdi>0-19-509539-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+and+practice+of+ancient+astronomy&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-19-509539-1&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnS51_7qbEWsC%26pg%3DPA169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/calendar-ephemeris/page/n7/mode/1up"><i>Explanatory Supplement to The Astronomical Ephemeris and The American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac</i></a>. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1961. p. 417.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Explanatory+Supplement+to+The+Astronomical+Ephemeris+and+The+American+Ephemeris+and+Nautical+Almanac&rft.place=London&rft.pages=417&rft.pub=Her+Majesty%27s+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1961&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcalendar-ephemeris%2Fpage%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herluf Nielsen: <i>Kronologi</i> (2nd ed., Dansk Historisk Fællesforening, Copenhagen 1967), pp. 48–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBond187599–100-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBond187599–100_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBond1875">Bond (1875)</a>, p. 99–100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLamont1920" class="citation cs2">Lamont, Roscoe (1920), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsbit.harvard.edu//full/1920PA.....28...18L/0000018.000.html">"The reform of the Julian calendar"</a>, <i>Popular Astronomy</i>, <b>28</b>: <span class="nowrap">18–</span>32, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1920PA.....28...18L">1920PA.....28...18L</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Astronomy&rft.atitle=The+reform+of+the+Julian+calendar&rft.volume=28&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E18-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.date=1920&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1920PA.....28...18L&rft.aulast=Lamont&rft.aufirst=Roscoe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsbit.harvard.edu%2F%2Ffull%2F1920PA.....28...18L%2F0000018.000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBond187598-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBond187598_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBond1875">Bond (1875)</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.henk-reints.nl/cal/audette/cgfrance.html">"Calendrier grégorien en France"</a>. <i>www.henk-reints.nl</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.henk-reints.nl&rft.atitle=Calendrier+gr%C3%A9gorien+en+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.henk-reints.nl%2Fcal%2Faudette%2Fcgfrance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Per decree of 16 June 1575. Hermann Grotefend, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/gaeste/grotefend/g_o.htm#Osteranfang">Osteranfang</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160713092953/http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/gaeste/Grotefend/g_o.htm#Osteranfang">Archived</a> 13 July 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" (Easter beginning), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/gaeste/grotefend/grotefend.htm">Zeitrechnung de Deutschen Mittelalters und der Neuzeit</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160628120344/http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/gaeste/grotefend/grotefend.htm">Archived</a> 28 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> (Chronology of the German Middle Ages and modern times) (1891–1898)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBond187597-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBond187597_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBond1875">Bond (1875)</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBond187594–95-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBond187594–95_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBond1875">Bond (1875)</a>, p. 94–95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blackburn-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blackburn_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blackburn_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Blackburn & Holford-Strevens (1999), p. 784.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBond187592-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBond187592_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBond1875">Bond (1875)</a>, p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roscoe Lamont, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1920PA.....28...18L">The reform of the Julian calendar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151230150923/http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1920PA.....28...18L">Archived</a> 30 December 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Popular Astronomy</i> <b>28</b> (1920) 18–32. Decree of Peter the Great is on pp. 23–24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*Alexandre Dumas, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storiadelgoverno00duma/page/201">Storia del governo della Toscana: sotto La casa de'Medici</a>. <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.florencewithguide.com/it/blog-it/il-calendario-fiorentino/">Il calendario fiorentino</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170310154203/http://www.florencewithguide.com/it/blog-it/il-calendario-fiorentino/">Archived</a> 10 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lorenzo Cattini, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v--l2PRjuJQC">Legislazione toscana raccolta e illustrata</a>, vol. 10, p. 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tyndalehouse.com/Egypt/ptolemies/chron/roman/chron_rom_cal.htm#eponymous">"Roman Dates: Eponymous Years"</a>. Tyndalehouse.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roman+Dates%3A+Eponymous+Years&rft.pub=Tyndalehouse.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tyndalehouse.com%2FEgypt%2Fptolemies%2Fchron%2Froman%2Fchron_rom_cal.htm%23eponymous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MS-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MS_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpathaky" class="citation web cs1">Spathaky, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cree.name/genuki/dates.htm">"Old Style and New Style Dates and the change to the Gregorian Calendar: A summary for genealogists"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Old+Style+and+New+Style+Dates+and+the+change+to+the+Gregorian+Calendar%3A+A+summary+for+genealogists&rft.aulast=Spathaky&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cree.name%2Fgenuki%2Fdates.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S. I. Seleschnikow: <i>Wieviel Monde hat ein Jahr?</i> (Aulis-Verlag, Leipzig/Jena/Berlin 1981, p. 149), which is a German translation of С. И. Селешников: <i>История календаря и хронология</i> (Издательство "Наука", Moscow 1977). The relevant chapter is available online here: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grigam.narod.ru/kalend/kalen19.htm">История календаря в России и в СССР (Calendar history in Russia and the USSR)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091017163723/http://grigam.narod.ru/kalend/kalen19.htm">Archived</a> 17 October 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Anno Mundi 7000 lasted from <span class="nowrap">1 March 1492</span> to <span class="nowrap">31 August 1492</span>. <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pepysdiary.com/archive/1661/12/31/index.php">Tuesday 31 December 1661</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929090731/http://www.pepysdiary.com/archive/1661/12/31/index.php">Archived</a> 29 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pepysdiary.com">The Diary of Samuel Pepys</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301084423/http://www.pepysdiary.com/">Archived</a> 1 March 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "I sat down to end my journell for this year, ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nørby, Toke. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norbyhus.dk/calendar.html#England">The Perpetual Calendar: What about England</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070830124531/http://www.norbyhus.dk/calendar.html#England">Archived</a> 30 August 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Version 29 February 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=26211#s5">"House of Commons Journal Volume 8, 9 June 1660 (Regicides)"</a>. British History Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+of+Commons+Journal+Volume+8%2C+9+June+1660+%28Regicides%29&rft.pub=British+History+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Freport.asp%3Fcompid%3D26211%23s5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/rise_parliament/docs/charles_warrant.htm">"Death warrant of Charles I"</a>. National Archives.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Death+warrant+of+Charles+I&rft.pub=National+Archives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fpathways%2Fcitizenship%2Frise_parliament%2Fdocs%2Fcharles_warrant.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NT-Perpetual-Calendar-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NT-Perpetual-Calendar_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nørby, Toke. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norbyhus.dk/calendar.php">The Perpetual Calendar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191112032636/http://norbyhus.dk/calendar.php">Archived</a> 12 November 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBond187591–101-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBond187591–101_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBond1875">Bond (1875)</a>, p. 91–101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChiesa_Cattolica1752" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chiesa Cattolica (1752). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_xzHmKtG1_rgC/page/n17/mode/2up?q=1583">"Canon I: De cyclo decennovenalli • aurei numeri"</a> [Canon I: On the nineteenth yearly cycle • golden numbers]. <i>Kalendarium Gregorianum perpetuum</i> [<i>Perpetual Gregorian calendar</i>] (in Latin). apud Ioannes Bapt. Sessam, & fratres. pp. 17, 18. <q><i>Annus Cycli decennouennalis, qui dr Aureus numerus est 6. terminaturque simulcu ipso anno Domini 1582 in mése Decembri. In mense autem Ianuario initium sumit alius annus Domini , nempe 1583. & in eodem mense Ianuario aslumitur etiam alius annuis Aurei numeri, nimirum 7.</i></q> [The year of the ten-year cycle, which is the golden number 6, ends at the same time in the year of the Lord 1582 in the month of December. And in the month of January begins another year of the Lord, that is, 1583. And in the same month of January also another year of the golden number is ushered in, namely 7.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Canon+I%3A+De+cyclo+decennovenalli+%E2%80%A2+aurei+numeri&rft.btitle=Kalendarium+Gregorianum+perpetuum&rft.pages=17%2C+18&rft.pub=apud+Ioannes+Bapt.+Sessam%2C+%26+fratres&rft.date=1752&rft.au=Chiesa+Cattolica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_xzHmKtG1_rgC%2Fpage%2Fn17%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3D1583&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWoolley2001" class="citation book cs1">Woolley, Benjamin (2001). <i>The Queen's Conjurer: The science and magic of Dr. John Dee, adviser to Queen Elizabeth I</i>. New York: Henry Holt. p. 173.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Queen%27s+Conjurer%3A+The+science+and+magic+of+Dr.+John+Dee%2C+adviser+to+Queen+Elizabeth+I&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Henry+Holt&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Woolley&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoole199595–139-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPoole199595–139_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPoole1995">Poole 1995</a>, pp. 95–139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MS2-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MS2_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpathaky2011" class="citation web cs1">Spathaky, Mike (13 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cree.name/genuki/dates.htm">"Old Style and New Style Dates and the change to the Gregorian Calendar"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141011060050/http://www.cree.name/genuki/dates.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2014. <q>Before 1752, parish registers, in addition to a new year heading after 24th March showing, for example '1733', had another heading at the end of the following December indicating '1733/4'. This showed where the Historical Year 1734 started even though the Civil Year 1733 continued until 24th March. ... We as historians have no excuse for creating ambiguity and must keep to the notation described above in one of its forms. It is no good writing simply 20th January 1745, for a reader is left wondering whether we have used the Civil or the Historical Year. The date should either be written 20th January 1745 OS (if indeed it was Old Style) or as 20th January 1745/6. The hyphen (1745-6) is best avoided as it can be interpreted as indicating a period of time.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Old+Style+and+New+Style+Dates+and+the+change+to+the+Gregorian+Calendar&rft.date=2011-12-13&rft.aulast=Spathaky&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cree.name%2Fgenuki%2Fdates.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-janoed-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-janoed_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/100755">"January, <i>n.</i>"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/"><i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></a>, Oxford: Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=January%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F100755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-foed-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-foed_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-foed_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-foed_75-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/68878">"February, <i>n.</i>"</a>, <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=February%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F68878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oe-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oe_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oe_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oe_76-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oe_76-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oe_76-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oe_76-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oe_76-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiberman2007" class="citation cs2">Liberman, Anatoly (7 March 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.oup.com/2007/03/on_a_self_congr">"On a Self-Congratulatory Note"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.oup.com/category/series-columns/oxford_etymologist/"><i>Oxford Etymologist Archives</i></a>, Oxford: Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=On+a+Self-Congratulatory+Note&rft.btitle=Oxford+Etymologist+Archives&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007-03-07&rft.aulast=Liberman&rft.aufirst=Anatoly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.oup.com%2F2007%2F03%2Fon_a_self_congr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maroed-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maroed_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/113951">"March, <i>n.</i>"</a>, <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=March%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F113951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aproed-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aproed_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/9939">"April, <i>n.</i>"</a>, <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=April%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F9939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPlutarch" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Numa*.html#Romulan_year"><i>Life of Numa</i></a>, Ch. xix</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Numa&rft.pages=Ch.+xix&rft.au=Plutarch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2FThayer%2FE%2FRoman%2FTexts%2FPlutarch%2FLives%2FNuma%2A.html%23Romulan_year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScullard1990" class="citation book cs1">Scullard, H H (1990). <i>Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic</i>. Aspects of Greek and Roman Life. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801414022" title="Special:BookSources/9780801414022"><bdi>9780801414022</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Festivals+and+Ceremonies+of+the+Roman+Republic&rft.place=Ithaca&rft.series=Aspects+of+Greek+and+Roman+Life&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780801414022&rft.aulast=Scullard&rft.aufirst=H+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFForsythe2014" class="citation book cs1">Forsythe (2014). <i>Time in Roman religion : one thousand years of religious history</i>. London: Routledge. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781138802322" title="Special:BookSources/9781138802322"><bdi>9781138802322</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Time+in+Roman+religion+%3A+one+thousand+years+of+religious+history&rft.place=London&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781138802322&rft.au=Forsythe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mayoed-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mayoed_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mayoed_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/115285">"May, <i>n.</i>"</a>, <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=May%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F115285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-junoed-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-junoed_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/102068">"June, <i>n.</i>"</a>, <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=June%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F102068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-juloed-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-juloed_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/102005">"July, <i>n.</i>"</a>, <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=July%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F102005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-augoed-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-augoed_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/13110">"August, <i>n.</i>"</a>, <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=August%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F13110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-septoed-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-septoed_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/176171">"September, <i>n.</i>"</a>, <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=September%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F176171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ooed-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ooed_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/130330">"October, <i>n.</i>"</a>, <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=October%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F130330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-noed-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-noed_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/130330">"November, <i>n.</i>"</a>, <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=November%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F130330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-doed-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-doed_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/48106">"December, <i>n.</i>"</a>, <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=December%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F48106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFde_Dacia" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">de Dacia, Petrus. Pedersen, Fritz S. (ed.). <i>Anianus: Computus Metricus Manualis</i> (in Latin). Odense. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/163382057">163382057</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anianus%3A+Computus+Metricus+Manualis&rft.place=Odense&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F163382057&rft.aulast=de+Dacia&rft.aufirst=Petrus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-i4d-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-i4d_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOnofriKaren_Antje_MollerTeresa_L._Picarazzi2012" class="citation cs2">Onofri, Francesca Romana; et al. (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ek2LCwAAQBAJ"><i>Italian for Dummies</i></a>, Berlitz, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ek2LCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT101">101–2</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118258767" title="Special:BookSources/9781118258767"><bdi>9781118258767</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italian+for+Dummies&rft.pages=101-2&rft.pub=Berlitz&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781118258767&rft.aulast=Onofri&rft.aufirst=Francesca+Romana&rft.au=Karen+Antje+Moller&rft.au=Teresa+L.+Picarazzi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEk2LCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBondHilda_Laura_Norman1918" class="citation cs2">Bond, Otto Ferdinand; et al. 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Media Wales. 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(1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992JBAA..102...40M">"The history of the tropical year"</a>. <i>Journal of the British Astronomical Association</i>. <b>102</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">40–</span>42. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992JBAA..102...40M">1992JBAA..102...40M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+British+Astronomical+Association&rft.atitle=The+history+of+the+tropical+year&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E40-%3C%2Fspan%3E42&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1992JBAA..102...40M&rft.aulast=Meeus&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Savoie%2C+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F1992JBAA..102...40M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoyer1983" class="citation conference cs1">Moyer, Gordon (1983). Coyne, G. V.; Hoskin, M. A.; Pedersen, O. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?journal=grc..&year=1983&volume=book&page_ind=181"><i>Aloisius Lilius and the </i>Compendium Novae Rationis Restituendi Kalendarium<i><span></span></i></a>. Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary. Vatican City: Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Specolo Vaticano. pp. <span class="nowrap">171–</span>188.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Aloisius+Lilius+and+the+Compendium+Novae+Rationis+Restituendi+Kalendarium&rft.place=Vatican+City&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E171-%3C%2Fspan%3E188&rft.pub=Pontifical+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+Specolo+Vaticano&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Moyer&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.adsabs.harvard.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fnph-iarticle_query%3Fjournal%3Dgrc..%26year%3D1983%26volume%3Dbook%26page_ind%3D181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPoole1995" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Poole_(historian)" title="Robert Poole (historian)">Poole, Robert</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/684/1/Poole_GiveUsOurEleven.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Give us our eleven days!': calendar reform in eighteenth-century England"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Past & Present</i> (149). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Academic">Oxford Academic</a>: <span class="nowrap">95–</span>139. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpast%2F149.1.95">10.1093/past/149.1.95</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/651100">651100</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Past+%26+Present&rft.atitle=%27Give+us+our+eleven+days%21%27%3A+calendar+reform+in+eighteenth-century+England&rft.issue=149&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E95-%3C%2Fspan%3E139&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fpast%2F149.1.95&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F651100%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Poole&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finsight.cumbria.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F684%2F1%2FPoole_GiveUsOurEleven.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichards1998" class="citation book cs1">Richards, E. G. (1998). <i>Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History</i>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mapping+Time%3A+The+Calendar+and+its+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=E.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichards2013" class="citation book cs1">Richards, E. G. (2013). "Calendars". In Urban, S. E.; Seidelmann, P. K. (eds.). <i>Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac</i> (3rd ed.). Mill Valley CA: University Science Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">585–</span>624. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-891389-85-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-891389-85-6"><bdi>978-1-891389-85-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Calendars&rft.btitle=Explanatory+Supplement+to+the+Astronomical+Almanac&rft.place=Mill+Valley+CA&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E585-%3C%2Fspan%3E624&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=University+Science+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-891389-85-6&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=E.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSeidelmann1992" class="citation book cs1">Seidelmann, P. K., ed. (1992). <i>Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac</i> (2nd ed.). Sausalito, CA: University Science Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Explanatory+Supplement+to+the+Astronomical+Almanac&rft.place=Sausalito%2C+CA&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=University+Science+Books&rft.date=1992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSwerdlow1986" class="citation journal cs1">Swerdlow, N. M. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986JHA....17..109S">"The Length of the Year in the Original Proposal for the Gregorian Calendar"</a>. <i>Journal for the History of Astronomy</i>. <b>17</b> (49): <span class="nowrap">109–</span>118. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986JHA....17..109S">1986JHA....17..109S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002182868601700204">10.1177/002182868601700204</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:118491152">118491152</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+History+of+Astronomy&rft.atitle=The+Length+of+the+Year+in+the+Original+Proposal+for+the+Gregorian+Calendar&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=49&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E109-%3C%2Fspan%3E118&rft.date=1986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A118491152%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002182868601700204&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1986JHA....17..109S&rft.aulast=Swerdlow&rft.aufirst=N.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F1986JHA....17..109S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalker1945" class="citation magazine cs1">Walker, G. W. (June 1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1945PA.....53..218W">"Easter Intervals"</a>. <i>Popular Astronomy</i>. Vol. 53, no. 6. pp. <span class="nowrap">162–</span>178, <span class="nowrap">218–</span>232. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1945PA.....53..218W">1945PA.....53..218W</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Astronomy&rft.atitle=Easter+Intervals&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E162-%3C%2Fspan%3E178%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E218-%3C%2Fspan%3E232&rft.date=1945-06&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1945PA.....53..218W&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=G.+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Ffull%2F1945PA.....53..218W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZiggelaar1983" class="citation conference cs1">Ziggelaar, A. (1983). Coyne, G. V.; Hoskin, M. A.; Pedersen, O. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?journal=grc..&year=1983&volume=book&page_ind=209"><i>The Papal Bull of 1582 Promulgating a Reform of the Calendar</i></a>. Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary. Vatican City: Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Specolo Vaticano. pp. <span class="nowrap">201–</span>239.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+Papal+Bull+of+1582+Promulgating+a+Reform+of+the+Calendar&rft.place=Vatican+City&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E201-%3C%2Fspan%3E239&rft.pub=Pontifical+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+Specolo+Vaticano&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Ziggelaar&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.adsabs.harvard.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fnph-iarticle_query%3Fjournal%3Dgrc..%26year%3D1983%26volume%3Dbook%26page_ind%3D209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316" /><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarsoum2003" class="citation book cs1">Barsoum, Ignatius A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/EphremBarsoumMattiMoosaTheScatteredPearlsAHistoryOfSyriacLiteratureAndSciences/page/n13/mode/2up?q=Gregorian"><i>The Scattered Pearls: A History Of Syriac Literature And Sciences</i></a>. Piscataway: Georgias Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scattered+Pearls%3A+A+History+Of+Syriac+Literature+And+Sciences&rft.place=Piscataway&rft.pub=Georgias+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Barsoum&rft.aufirst=Ignatius+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FEphremBarsoumMattiMoosaTheScatteredPearlsAHistoryOfSyriacLiteratureAndSciences%2Fpage%2Fn13%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3DGregorian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlackburnHolford-Strevens2003" class="citation book cs1">Blackburn, Bonnie; Holford-Strevens, Leofranc (2003). <i>The Oxford Companion to the Year: An exploration of calendar customs and time-reckoning</i> (corrected reprinting of 1999 ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780192142313" title="Special:BookSources/9780192142313"><bdi>9780192142313</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+the+Year%3A+An+exploration+of+calendar+customs+and+time-reckoning&rft.edition=corrected+reprinting+of+1999&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780192142313&rft.aulast=Blackburn&rft.aufirst=Bonnie&rft.au=Holford-Strevens%2C+Leofranc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBorkowski1991" class="citation journal cs1">Borkowski, K. M. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1991JRASC..85..121B/0000125.000.html">"The tropical calendar and solar year"</a>. <i>Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada</i>. <b>85</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">21–</span>130. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991JRASC..85..121B">1991JRASC..85..121B</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society+of+Canada&rft.atitle=The+tropical+calendar+and+solar+year&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E21-%3C%2Fspan%3E130&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991JRASC..85..121B&rft.aulast=Borkowski&rft.aufirst=K.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.adsabs.harvard.edu%2F%2Ffull%2F1991JRASC..85..121B%2F0000125.000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCoyneHoskinPedersen1983" class="citation conference cs1">Coyne, G. V.; Hoskin, M. A.; Pedersen, O., eds. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/GregorianReformOfTheCalendar"><i>Gregorian Reform of the Calendar</i></a>. Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary, 1582–1982. Vatican City: Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Vatican Observatory (<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Pontificia Academia Scientarum, Specola Vaticana</i></span>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Gregorian+Reform+of+the+Calendar&rft.place=Vatican+City&rft.pub=Pontifical+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+Vatican+Observatory+%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Italian-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22it%22%3EPontificia+Academia+Scientarum%2C+Specola+Vaticana%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Italian-language+text%29&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FGregorianReformOfTheCalendar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDuncan1999" class="citation book cs1">Duncan, D. E (1999). <i>Calendar: Humanity's Epic Struggle To Determine A True And Accurate Year</i>. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780380793242" title="Special:BookSources/9780380793242"><bdi>9780380793242</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Calendar%3A+Humanity%27s+Epic+Struggle+To+Determine+A+True+And+Accurate+Year&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780380793242&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=D.+E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorrisonStephenson2004" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Morrison, L. V.; Stephenson, F. R. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JHA....35..327M">"Historical values of the Earth's clock error ΔT and the calculation of eclipses"</a>. <i>Journal for the History of Astronomy</i>. 35, part 3 (120): <span class="nowrap">327–</span>336. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JHA....35..327M">2004JHA....35..327M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002182860403500305">10.1177/002182860403500305</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119021116">119021116</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+History+of+Astronomy&rft.atitle=Historical+values+of+the+Earth%27s+clock+error+%CE%94T+and+the+calculation+of+eclipses&rft.volume=35%2C+part+3&rft.issue=120&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E327-%3C%2Fspan%3E336&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A119021116%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002182860403500305&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004JHA....35..327M&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=L.+V.&rft.au=Stephenson%2C+F.+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F2004JHA....35..327M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoyer1982" class="citation magazine cs1">Moyer, Gordon (May 1982). "The Gregorian Calendar". <i>Scientific American</i>. Vol. 246, no. 5. pp. <span class="nowrap">144–</span>152.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=The+Gregorian+Calendar&rft.volume=246&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E144-%3C%2Fspan%3E152&rft.date=1982-05&rft.aulast=Moyer&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPedersen1983" class="citation conference cs1">Pedersen, O (1983). Coyne, G. V.; Hoskin, M. A.; Pedersen, O. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?journal=grc..&year=1983&volume=book&page_ind=34"><i>The Ecclesiastical Calendar and the Life of the Church</i></a>. Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary. Vatican City: Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Specolo Vaticano. pp. <span class="nowrap">17–</span>74.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+Ecclesiastical+Calendar+and+the+Life+of+the+Church&rft.place=Vatican+City&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E74&rft.pub=Pontifical+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+Specolo+Vaticano&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Pedersen&rft.aufirst=O&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.adsabs.harvard.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fnph-iarticle_query%3Fjournal%3Dgrc..%26year%3D1983%26volume%3Dbook%26page_ind%3D34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregorian+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="http://www.bluewaterarts.com/calendar/NewInterGravissimas.htm">Inter Gravissimas</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Latin, French, and English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webexhibits.org/calendars/year-history.html">History of Gregorian Calendar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140106001448/http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/year-history.html">Archived</a> 6 January 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norbyhus.dk/calendar.php">The Perpetual Calendar Gregorian Calendar adoption dates for many countries. </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recordholders.org/en/records/dates.html">World records for mentally calculating the day of the week in the Gregorian Calendar </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051228123115/http://www.tondering.dk/claus/calendar.html">The Calendar FAQ</a> – Frequently Asked Questions about Calendars</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://curiousnotions.com/todays-date">Today's date (Gregorian) in over 800 more-or-less obscure foreign languages</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308031826/https://curiousnotions.com/todays-date/">Archived</a> 8 March 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Calendars" title="Template talk:Calendars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Calendars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Calendars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Calendars642" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">Calendars</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">Lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">Lunisolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">Solar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In wide use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_year_numbering" title="Astronomical year numbering">Astronomical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Lunar Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_calendar" title="Solar Hijri calendar">Solar Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_week_date" title="ISO week date">ISO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_time" title="Unix time">Unix time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">In more<br />limited use</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_calendar" title="Akan calendar">Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_calendar" title="Assamese calendar">Assamese (Bhāshkarābda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí</a> <ul><li>Badí‘</li></ul></li> <li>Bali <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pawukon_calendar" title="Pawukon calendar">Pawukon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Saka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendars" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendars">Bengali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshi calendar">Bangladeshi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borana_calendar" title="Borana calendar">Borana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earthly_Branches" title="Earthly Branches">Earthly Branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Stems" title="Heavenly Stems">Heavenly Stems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_calendar" title="Republic of China calendar">Minguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_term" title="Solar term">Solar term</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_holidays" title="Heathen holidays">Germanic heathen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_calendar" title="Georgian calendar">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Saka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_calendar" title="Hmong calendar">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalali_calendar" title="Jalali calendar">Jalali</a> <ul><li>medieval</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_calendar" title="Zoroastrian calendar">Zoroastrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_calendar" title="Irish calendar">Irish</a> <ul><li>Gaelic</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasli_calendar" title="Fasli calendar">Fasli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabular_Islamic_calendar" title="Tabular Islamic calendar">Tabular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vira_Nirvana_Samvat" title="Vira Nirvana Samvat">Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar">Juche</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_calendar" title="Kurdish calendar">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_calendar" title="Lithuanian calendar">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_Panchang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirhuta Panchang">Maithili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_calendar" title="Malayalam calendar">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_calendar" title="Mandaean calendar">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_calendar" title="Meitei calendar">Manipuri (Meitei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanau_calendar" title="Melanau calendar">Melanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_calendar" title="Mizo calendar">Mizo (Lushai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_calendar" title="Mongolian calendar">Mongolian</a></li> <li>Nepal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Sambat" title="Nepal Sambat">Nepal Sambat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yele_Sambat" title="Yele Sambat">Yele Sambat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisga%27a#Nisga’a_calendar/life" title="Nisga'a">Nisg̱a'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_calendar" title="Odia calendar">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_calendar" title="Punjabi calendar">Punjabi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_calendar" title="Romanian calendar">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shona_calendar" title="Shona calendar">Shona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_calendar" title="Somali calendar">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotho_calendar" title="Sotho calendar">Sesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_calendar" title="Slavic calendar">Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith%27s_calendars_and_holidays" title="Slavic Native Faith's calendars and holidays">Slavic Native Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_months" title="Macedonian months">Macedonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_calendar" title="Tamil calendar">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_calendar" title="Thai calendar">Thai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_lunar_calendar" title="Thai lunar calendar">lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">solar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_calendar" title="Tripuri calendar">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_calendar" title="Tulu calendar">Tulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_calendar" title="Vietnamese calendar">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_the_Year" title="Wheel of the Year">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_calendar" title="Xhosa calendar">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_calendar" title="Yoruba calendar">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_calendar" title="Zulu calendar">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Runic_calendar" title="Runic calendar">Runic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_calendars" title="Mesoamerican calendars">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_Long_Count_calendar" title="Mesoamerican Long Count calendar">Long Count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_round" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar round">Calendar round</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Christian variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian and Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Julian_calendar" title="Revised Julian calendar">Revised</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Eastern Orthodox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Arabian_calendar" title="Pre-Islamic Arabian calendar">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_calendar" title="Attic calendar">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_calendar" title="Aztec calendar">Aztec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dnalp%C5%8Dhualli" title="Tōnalpōhualli">Tōnalpōhualli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiuhp%C5%8Dhualli" title="Xiuhpōhualli">Xiuhpōhualli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_calendar" title="Babylonian calendar">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgar_calendar" title="Bulgar calendar">Bulgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_calendar" title="Cappadocian calendar">Cappadocian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_calendar" title="Cham calendar">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Sakarat" title="Chula Sakarat">Culāsakaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coligny_calendar" title="Coligny calendar">Coligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_calendar" title="Egyptian calendar">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_calendar" title="Enoch calendar">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_calendar" title="Florentine calendar">Florentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Republican_calendar" title="French Republican calendar">French Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic calendar">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_calendars" title="Ancient Greek calendars">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca calendar">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_calendar" title="Ancient Macedonian calendar">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Maya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haab%CA%BC" title="Haabʼ">Haabʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzolk%CA%BCin" title="Tzolkʼin">Tzolkʼin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_calendar" title="Muisca calendar">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecontad_calendar" title="Pentecontad calendar">Pentecontad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisan_calendar" title="Pisan calendar">Pisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qumran_calendrical_texts" title="Qumran calendrical texts">Qumran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_calendar" title="Rapa Nui calendar">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_calendar" title="Roman calendar">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi_calendar" title="Rumi calendar"><i>Rumi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">Sexagenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_calendar" title="Soviet calendar">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_calendar" title="Swedish calendar">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_renaming_of_Turkmen_months_and_days_of_week" title="2002 renaming of Turkmen months and days of week">Turkmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By specialty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene</a> <ul><li>anthropological</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar" title="Proleptic Gregorian calendar">Proleptic Gregorian</a> / <a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Julian_calendar" title="Proleptic Julian calendar">Proleptic Julian</a> <ul><li>historiographical</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darian_calendar" title="Darian calendar">Darian</a> <ul><li>Martian</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamspell" title="Dreamspell">Dreamspell</a> <ul><li>New Age</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Pataphysics#Pataphysical_calendar" title="'Pataphysics">'Pataphysical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_reform" title="Calendar reform">Reform proposals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanke%E2%80%93Henry_Permanent_Calendar" title="Hanke–Henry Permanent Calendar">Hanke–Henry Permanent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fixed_Calendar" title="International Fixed Calendar">International Fixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Calendar" title="Pax Calendar">Pax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positivist_calendar" title="Positivist calendar">Positivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetry454" title="Symmetry454">Symmetry454</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Calendar" title="World Calendar">World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Displays and<br />applications</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_calendar" title="Digital calendar">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_calendar" title="Perpetual calendar">Perpetual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_(stationery)" title="Calendar (stationery)">Wall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Year naming<br />and numbering</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoch" title="Epoch">Epoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">Leap year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_year" title="Regnal year">Regnal year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_zero" title="Year zero">Year zero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anka_year" title="Anka year">Anka year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a>/<a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Lucis" title="Anno Lucis">Anno Lucis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_the_Martyrs" title="Era of the Martyrs">Anno Martyrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Mundi" title="Anno Mundi">Anno Mundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym_dating_system" title="Eponym dating system">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">Before Present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_era_name" title="Chinese era name">Chinese Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_calendar" title="Republic of China calendar">Chinese Minguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English and British regnal year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">Hijri year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Human (Holocene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_era_name" title="Korean era name">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirayana_system" title="Nirayana system">Nirayana system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_era" title="Seleucid era">Seleucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_era" title="Spanish era">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuga" title="Yuga">Yugas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Yuga" title="Satya Yuga">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treta_Yuga" title="Treta Yuga">Treta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvapara_Yuga" title="Dvapara Yuga">Dvapara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_era_name" title="Vietnamese era name">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discworld_(world)#Calendar" title="Discworld (world)">Discworld</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Discworld" title="Discworld">Discworld</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanaess#Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Flanaess">Greyhawk</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle-earth calendar">Middle-earth</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardate" title="Stardate">Stardate</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_calendars" title="List of calendars">List of calendars</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Calendars" title="Category:Calendars">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Time758" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_topics" title="Template:Time topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Time_topics" title="Template talk:Time topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Time_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Time topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Time758" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Time" title="Time">Time</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Past" title="Past">Past</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Present" title="Present">Present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future" title="Future">Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternity" title="Eternity">Eternity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horology" class="mw-redirect" title="Horology">Measurement</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Time_standard" title="Time standard">standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chronometry" title="Chronometry">Chronometry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Time" title="Universal Time">UT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Time" title="International Atomic Time">TAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_of_time" title="Unit of time">Unit of time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(time)" title="Orders of magnitude (time)">Orders of magnitude (time)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/System_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="System of measurement">Measurement<br />systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_six-hour_clock" title="Italian six-hour clock">Italian six-hour clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_six-hour_clock" title="Thai six-hour clock">Thai six-hour clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-hour_clock" title="12-hour clock">12-hour clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24-hour_clock" title="24-hour clock">24-hour clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relative_hour" title="Relative hour">Relative hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">Daylight saving time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_timekeeping" title="Traditional Chinese timekeeping">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decimal_time" title="Decimal time">Decimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal_time" title="Hexadecimal time">Hexadecimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_units_of_time" title="Hindu units of time">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_time" title="Metric time">Metric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_timekeeping" title="Roman timekeeping">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidereal_time" title="Sidereal time">Sidereal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_time" title="Solar time">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">Calendars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar#Systems" title="Calendar">Main types</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">Lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">Lunisolar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_calendar" title="Solar Hijri calendar">Solar Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu Panchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Maya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_calendars" title="List of calendars">List</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Clock" title="Clock">Clocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clock#Types" title="Clock">Main types</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_clock" title="Astronomical clock">astronomical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrarium" title="Astrarium">astrarium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_clock" title="Atomic clock">atomic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_clock" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantum clock">quantum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hourglass" title="Hourglass">hourglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_chronometer" title="Marine chronometer">marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundial" title="Sundial">sundial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_watch" title="Mechanical watch">mechanical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stopwatch" title="Stopwatch">stopwatch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_clock" title="Water clock">water-based</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuckoo_clock" title="Cuckoo clock">Cuckoo clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_clock" title="Digital clock">Digital clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandfather_clock" title="Grandfather clock">Grandfather clock</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_timekeeping_devices" title="History of timekeeping devices">History</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_time_measurement_inventions" title="Timeline of time measurement inventions">Timeline</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology" title="Chronology">Chronology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_chronology" title="Astronomical chronology">Astronomical chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_History" title="Big History">Big History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">Calendar era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_time" title="Deep time">Deep time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodization" title="Periodization">Periodization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_year" title="Regnal year">Regnal year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline" title="Timeline">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_space_and_time" title="Philosophy of space and time">Philosophy of time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_series_and_B_series" title="A series and B series">A series and B series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-theory_of_time" title="B-theory of time">B-theory of time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronocentrism" title="Chronocentrism">Chronocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duration_(philosophy)" title="Duration (philosophy)">Duration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurantism" title="Endurantism">Endurantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternal_return" title="Eternal return">Eternal return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternalism_(philosophy_of_time)" title="Eternalism (philosophy of time)">Eternalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_(philosophy)" title="Event (philosophy)">Event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdurantism" title="Perdurantism">Perdurantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_presentism" title="Philosophical presentism">Presentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_finitism" title="Temporal finitism">Temporal finitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_parts" title="Temporal parts">Temporal parts</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Unreality_of_Time" title="The Unreality of Time">The Unreality of Time</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Time_in_religion" title="Category:Time in religion">Religion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_in_religion_and_mythology" title="Template:Time in religion and mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ages_of_Man" title="Ages of Man">Ages of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destiny" title="Destiny">Destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immortality" title="Immortality">Immortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dreaming" title="The Dreaming">Dreamtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81la" title="Kāla">Kāla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_and_fate_deities" title="Time and fate deities">Time and fate deities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Father_Time" title="Father Time">Father Time</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_time" title="Wheel of time">Wheel of time</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalachakra" title="Kalachakra">Kalachakra</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Time_perception" title="Time perception">Human experience</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Time-use_research" title="Time-use research">use of time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronemics" title="Chronemics">Chronemics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_time" title="Generation time">Generation time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_chronometry" title="Mental chronometry">Mental chronometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duration_(music)" title="Duration (music)">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_signature" title="Time signature">time signature</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosy_retrospection" title="Rosy retrospection">Rosy retrospection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tense%E2%80%93aspect%E2%80%93mood" title="Tense–aspect–mood">Tense–aspect–mood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_management" title="Time management">Time management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesterday_(time)" title="Yesterday (time)">Yesterday</a> – <a href="/wiki/Present" title="Present">Today</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_(time)" title="Tomorrow (time)">Tomorrow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Time in <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geologic_time_scale" title="Geologic time scale">Geological time</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Age (geology)">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronozone" title="Chronozone">chron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eon_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eon (geology)">eon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoch (geology)">epoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Era (geology)">era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geological_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Geological period">period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geochronology" title="Geochronology">Geochronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geological_history_of_Earth" title="Geological history of Earth">Geological history of Earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_physics" title="Time in physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_space_and_time" title="Absolute space and time">Absolute space and time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_of_time" title="Arrow of time">Arrow of time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronon" title="Chronon">Chronon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinate_time" title="Coordinate time">Coordinate time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant" title="Instant">Instant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_time" title="Proper time">Proper time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacetime" title="Spacetime">Spacetime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_relativity" title="Theory of relativity">Theory of relativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_domain" title="Time domain">Time domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_translation_symmetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Time translation symmetry">Time translation symmetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-symmetry" title="T-symmetry">Time reversal symmetry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">Other fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronological_dating" title="Chronological dating">Chronological dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronobiology" title="Chronobiology">Chronobiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circadian_rhythm" title="Circadian rhythm">Circadian rhythms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_clock" title="Chemical clock">Clock reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glottochronology" title="Glottochronology">Glottochronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_geography" title="Time geography">Time geography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">Leap year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory" title="Memory">Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moment_(unit)" title="Moment (unit)">Moment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space" title="Space">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_time" title="System time">System time</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tempus_fugit" title="Tempus fugit">Tempus fugit</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_capsule" title="Time capsule">Time capsule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_immemorial" title="Time immemorial">Time immemorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_travel" title="Time travel">Time travel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Time" title="Category:Time">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Time" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Time">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Time_measurement_and_standards342" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_measurement_and_standards" title="Template:Time measurement and standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Time_measurement_and_standards" title="Template talk:Time measurement and standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Time_measurement_and_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Time measurement and standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Time_measurement_and_standards342" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Time" title="Time">Time measurement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Time_standard" title="Time standard">standards</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronometry" title="Chronometry">Chronometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(time)" title="Orders of magnitude (time)">Orders of magnitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_metrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Time metrology">Metrology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">Coordinated Universal Time</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UTC_offset" title="UTC offset">offset</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Time" title="Universal Time">UT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%94T_(timekeeping)" title="ΔT (timekeeping)">ΔT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DUT1" title="DUT1">DUT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Earth_Rotation_and_Reference_Systems_Service" title="International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service">International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-1" title="ISO 31-1">ISO 31-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">ISO 8601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Time" title="International Atomic Time">International Atomic Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-hour_clock" title="12-hour clock">12-hour clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24-hour_clock" title="24-hour clock">24-hour clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barycentric_Coordinate_Time" title="Barycentric Coordinate Time">Barycentric Coordinate Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barycentric_Dynamical_Time" title="Barycentric Dynamical Time">Barycentric Dynamical Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_time" title="Civil time">Civil time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">Daylight saving time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geocentric_Coordinate_Time" title="Geocentric Coordinate Time">Geocentric Coordinate Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IERS_Reference_Meridian" title="IERS Reference Meridian">IERS Reference Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_second" title="Leap second">Leap second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_time" title="Solar time">Solar time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_Time" title="Terrestrial Time">Terrestrial Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/180th_meridian" title="180th meridian">180th meridian</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hourglass" title="Hourglass"><img alt="template illustration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Marine_sandglass_MMM.jpg/120px-Marine_sandglass_MMM.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Marine_sandglass_MMM.jpg/250px-Marine_sandglass_MMM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1637" data-file-height="3819" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone"><img alt="template illustration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png/75px-Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png/113px-Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png/150px-Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="1007" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ephemeris_time" title="Ephemeris time">Ephemeris time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">Greenwich Mean Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_meridian" title="Prime meridian">Prime meridian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_physics" title="Time in physics">Time in physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_space_and_time" title="Absolute space and time">Absolute space and time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacetime" title="Spacetime">Spacetime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronon" title="Chronon">Chronon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_signal" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuous signal">Continuous signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinate_time" title="Coordinate time">Coordinate time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmological_decade" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmological decade">Cosmological decade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_time_and_continuous_time" title="Discrete time and continuous time">Discrete time and continuous time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_time" title="Proper time">Proper time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_relativity" title="Theory of relativity">Theory of relativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_dilation" title="Time dilation">Time dilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_time_dilation" title="Gravitational time dilation">Gravitational time dilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_domain" title="Time domain">Time domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-translation_symmetry" title="Time-translation symmetry">Time-translation symmetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-symmetry" title="T-symmetry">T-symmetry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horology" class="mw-redirect" title="Horology">Horology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clock" title="Clock">Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrarium" title="Astrarium">Astrarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_clock" title="Atomic clock">Atomic clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complication_(horology)" title="Complication (horology)">Complication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_timekeeping_devices" title="History of timekeeping devices">History of timekeeping devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hourglass" title="Hourglass">Hourglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_chronometer" title="Marine chronometer">Marine chronometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_sandglass" title="Marine sandglass">Marine sandglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_clock" title="Radio clock">Radio clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">Watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stopwatch" title="Stopwatch">stopwatch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_clock" title="Water clock">Water clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundial" title="Sundial">Sundial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialing_scales" title="Dialing scales">Dialing scales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equation_of_time" title="Equation of time">Equation of time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sundials" title="History of sundials">History of sundials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schema_for_horizontal_dials" title="Schema for horizontal dials">Sundial markup schema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">Calendar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic</a> (lunar Hijri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_calendar" title="Solar Hijri calendar">Solar Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_year_numbering" title="Astronomical year numbering">Astronomical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominical_letter" title="Dominical letter">Dominical letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epact" title="Epact">Epact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">Equinox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercalation_(timekeeping)" title="Intercalation (timekeeping)">Intercalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_day" title="Julian day">Julian day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">Leap year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">Lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">Lunisolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solstice" title="Solstice">Solstice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_year" title="Tropical year">Tropical year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Determination_of_the_day_of_the_week" title="Determination of the day of the week">Weekday determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_days_of_the_week" title="Names of the days of the week">Weekday names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeology and geology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronological_dating" title="Chronological dating">Chronological dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geologic_time_scale" title="Geologic time scale">Geologic time scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Stratigraphy" title="International Commission on Stratigraphy">International Commission on Stratigraphy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_chronology" title="Astronomical chronology">Astronomical chronology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_year" title="Galactic year">Galactic year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_timescale" title="Nuclear timescale">Nuclear timescale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precession" title="Precession">Precession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidereal_time" title="Sidereal time">Sidereal time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Unit_of_time" title="Unit of time">units of time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instant" title="Instant">Instant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flick_(time)" title="Flick (time)">Flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shake_(unit)" title="Shake (unit)">Shake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiffy_(time)" title="Jiffy (time)">Jiffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute" title="Minute">Minute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moment_(unit)" title="Moment (unit)">Moment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hour" title="Hour">Hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Week" title="Week">Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortnight" title="Fortnight">Fortnight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Month" title="Month">Month</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year" title="Year">Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympiad" title="Olympiad">Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustrum" title="Lustrum">Lustrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decade" title="Decade">Decade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century" title="Century">Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeculum" title="Saeculum">Saeculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium" title="Millennium">Millennium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology" title="Chronology">Chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duration_(philosophy)" title="Duration (philosophy)">Duration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duration_(music)" title="Duration (music)">music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_chronometry" title="Mental chronometry">Mental chronometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decimal_time" title="Decimal time">Decimal time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_time" title="Metric time">Metric time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_time" title="System time">System time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_metrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Time metrology">Time metrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_value_of_money" title="Time value of money">Time value of money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timekeeper" title="Timekeeper">Timekeeper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chronology382" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chronology" title="Template:Chronology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chronology" title="Template talk:Chronology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chronology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chronology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chronology382" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chronology" title="Chronology">Chronology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;">Key topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_History" title="Big History">Big History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontology" title="Paleontology">Paleontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time" title="Time">Time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Periodization" title="Periodization">Periods</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Era" title="Era">Eras</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(reference_date)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoch (reference date)">Epochs</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">Calendar eras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Human Era</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a> / <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Mundi" title="Anno Mundi">Anno Mundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosporan_era" title="Bosporan era">Bosporan era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bostran_era" title="Bostran era">Bostran era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_era" title="Seleucid era">Seleucid era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Caesar_(Iberian_Peninsula)" class="mw-redirect" title="Era of Caesar (Iberian Peninsula)">Era of Caesar (Iberia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Before_present" class="mw-redirect" title="Before present">Before present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_chronology" title="Egyptian chronology">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sothic_cycle" title="Sothic cycle">Sothic cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_units_of_time" title="Hindu units of time">Hindu units of time</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yuga" title="Yuga">Yuga</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_calendars" title="Mesoamerican calendars">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_Long_Count_calendar" title="Mesoamerican Long Count calendar">Long Count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar#Short_Count" title="Maya calendar">Short Count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzolk%27in" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzolk'in">Tzolk'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haab%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Haab'">Haab'</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;"><a href="/wiki/Regnal_year" title="Regnal year">Regnal year</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anka_year" title="Anka year">Anka year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_of_Kings" title="Canon of Kings">Canon of Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English and British regnal year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regnal_lists" title="Category:Regnal lists">Lists of kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limmu" title="Limmu">Limmu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;"><a href="/wiki/Regnal_year" title="Regnal year">Era names</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_era_name" title="Chinese era name">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_era_name" title="Korean era name">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_era_name" title="Vietnamese era name">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;"><a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">Calendars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;">Pre-Julian / Julian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_calendar" title="Roman calendar">Pre-Julian Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Original Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Julian_calendar" title="Proleptic Julian calendar">Proleptic Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Julian_calendar" title="Revised Julian calendar">Revised Julian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;">Gregorian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar" title="Proleptic Gregorian calendar">Proleptic Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">Old Style and New Style dates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar" title="Adoption of the Gregorian calendar">Adoption of the Gregorian calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_dating" title="Dual dating">Dual dating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;">Astronomical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">Lunisolar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">Lunar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_year_numbering" title="Astronomical year numbering">Astronomical year numbering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">Chinese sexagenary cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geologic_Calendar" title="Geologic Calendar">Geologic Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_week_date" title="ISO week date">ISO week date</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_calendars" title="Mesoamerican calendars">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_calendar" title="Aztec calendar">Aztec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_count" title="Winter count">Winter count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Earth_Time" title="New Earth Time">New Earth Time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;"><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_chronology" title="Astronomical chronology">Astronomic time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#fff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Calendar" title="Cosmic Calendar">Cosmic Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephemeris" title="Ephemeris">Ephemeris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_year" title="Galactic year">Galactic year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metonic_cycle" title="Metonic cycle">Metonic cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milankovitch_cycles" title="Milankovitch cycles">Milankovitch cycles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;"><a href="/wiki/Geologic_time_scale" title="Geologic time scale">Geologic time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_time" title="Deep time">Deep time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geological_history_of_Earth" title="Geological history of Earth">Geological history of Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geologic_time_scale#Terminology" title="Geologic time scale">Geological time units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Standard_Stratigraphic_Age" title="Global Standard Stratigraphic Age">Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Boundary_Stratotype_Section_and_Point" title="Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point">Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;">Methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronostratigraphy" title="Chronostratigraphy">Chronostratigraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geochronology" title="Geochronology">Geochronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotope_geochemistry" title="Isotope geochemistry">Isotope geochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_superposition" title="Law of superposition">Law of superposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminescence_dating" title="Luminescence dating">Luminescence dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarium%E2%80%93neodymium_dating" title="Samarium–neodymium dating">Samarium–neodymium dating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;"><a href="/wiki/Chronological_dating" title="Chronological dating">Chronological<br />dating</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_dating" title="Absolute dating">Absolute dating</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amino_acid_dating" title="Amino acid dating">Amino acid racemisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeomagnetic_dating" title="Archaeomagnetic dating">Archaeomagnetic dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendrochronology" title="Dendrochronology">Dendrochronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_core" title="Ice core">Ice core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incremental_dating" title="Incremental dating">Incremental dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichenometry" title="Lichenometry">Lichenometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleomagnetism" title="Paleomagnetism">Paleomagnetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiometric_dating" title="Radiometric dating">Radiometric dating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93lead_dating" title="Lead–lead dating">Lead–lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E2%80%93Ar_dating" title="K–Ar dating">Potassium–argon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">Radiocarbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium%E2%80%93lead_dating" title="Uranium–lead dating">Uranium–lead</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tephrochronology" title="Tephrochronology">Tephrochronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminescence_dating" title="Luminescence dating">Luminescence dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermoluminescence_dating" title="Thermoluminescence dating">Thermoluminescence dating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;"><a href="/wiki/Relative_dating" title="Relative dating">Relative dating</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluorine_absorption_dating" title="Fluorine absorption dating">Fluorine absorption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_dating" title="Nitrogen dating">Nitrogen dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian_hydration_dating" title="Obsidian hydration dating">Obsidian hydration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seriation_(archaeology)" title="Seriation (archaeology)">Seriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratigraphy_(archaeology)" title="Stratigraphy (archaeology)">Stratigraphy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;">Genetic methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_clock" title="Molecular clock">Molecular clock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;">Linguistic methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glottochronology" title="Glottochronology">Glottochronology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronicle" title="Chronicle">Chronicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Chronology_(Fomenko)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Chronology (Fomenko)">New Chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronoptic_view" title="Synchronoptic view">Synchronoptic view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline" title="Timeline">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_zero" title="Year zero">Year zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floruit" title="Floruit">Floruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminus_post_quem" title="Terminus post quem">Terminus post quem</a></li> <li><a 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[\"CITEREFHerschel1878\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolland1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_of_Saxony1401\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKamen1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLamont1920\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiberman2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeeusSavoie1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMezziVizza2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMisstear2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorrisonStephenson2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoyer1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoyer1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorth1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOnofriKaren_Antje_MollerTeresa_L._Picarazzi2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPedersen1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlutarch\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoole1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPortella1738\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichards1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichards2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScullard1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeidelmann1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpathaky\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpathaky2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteel2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwerdlow1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTadeusz_Szulc2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker1945\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoolley2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZiggelaar1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Dacia\"] = 1,\n [\"Month\"] = 1,\n [\"Months_of_the_year\"] = 1,\n [\"Week\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Abbr\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 2,\n [\"Annotated link\"] = 17,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"C.\"] = 1,\n [\"CURRENTYEAR\"] = 1,\n [\"Calendars\"] = 1,\n [\"Chronology\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 8,\n [\"Citation\"] = 20,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 28,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 13,\n [\"Clear\"] = 4,\n [\"Current calendar\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Gregorian Calendar\"] = 1,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 21,\n [\"Em\"] = 2,\n [\"EngvarB\"] = 1,\n [\"Failed verification\"] = 1,\n [\"Gallery\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"Hatnote\"] = 1,\n [\"In Our Time\"] = 1,\n [\"In lang\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox calendar date today\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 27,\n [\"Main\"] = 5,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 7,\n [\"Ndash\"] = 3,\n [\"Notatypo\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 8,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-sock\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 25,\n [\"Sfrac\"] = 6,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 3,\n [\"Time Topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Time in religion and mythology\"] = 1,\n [\"Time measurement and standards\"] = 1,\n [\"Unreferenced section\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Verse translation\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 11,\n [\"Where\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisource\"] = 1,\n [\"Year in various calendars\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","360","28.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","180","14.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","60","4.7"],["dataWrapper 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projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-15T17:31:39Z","dateModified":"2025-03-22T22:38:47Z","headline":"internationally accepted civil calendar"}</script> </body> </html>