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id="toc-Election_of_judges_to_the_European_Court_of_Human_Rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_of_judges_to_the_European_Court_of_Human_Rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Election of judges to the European Court of Human Rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election_of_judges_to_the_European_Court_of_Human_Rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Achievements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Achievements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Achievements</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Achievements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Achievements subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Achievements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Birthplace_of_the_European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birthplace_of_the_European_Convention_on_Human_Rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Birthplace of the European Convention on Human Rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birthplace_of_the_European_Convention_on_Human_Rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Originator_of_the_European_flag_and_anthem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Originator_of_the_European_flag_and_anthem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Originator of the European flag and anthem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Originator_of_the_European_flag_and_anthem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flag_of_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flag_of_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span><i>Flag of Europe</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flag_of_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anthem_of_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anthem_of_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span><i>Anthem of Europe</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anthem_of_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ending_the_death_penalty_in_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ending_the_death_penalty_in_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ending the death penalty in Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ending_the_death_penalty_in_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Support_for_emerging_democracies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support_for_emerging_democracies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Support for emerging democracies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support_for_emerging_democracies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exposing_torture_in_CIA_black_sites_in_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exposing_torture_in_CIA_black_sites_in_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Exposing torture in CIA black sites in Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exposing_torture_in_CIA_black_sites_in_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sanctions_against_the_Russian_delegation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanctions_against_the_Russian_delegation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Sanctions against the Russian delegation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanctions_against_the_Russian_delegation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expulsion_of_Russia_from_the_Council_of_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expulsion_of_Russia_from_the_Council_of_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Expulsion of Russia from the Council of Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expulsion_of_Russia_from_the_Council_of_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Corruption_scandals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corruption_scandals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Corruption scandals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corruption_scandals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resolution_on_children's_right_to_physical_integrity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resolution_on_children's_right_to_physical_integrity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Resolution on children's right to physical integrity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resolution_on_children's_right_to_physical_integrity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Cultural divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historic_speeches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_speeches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Historic speeches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_speeches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Participants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Participants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Participants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Participants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Participants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Participants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Composition_by_parliamentary_delegation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition_by_parliamentary_delegation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Composition by parliamentary delegation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composition_by_parliamentary_delegation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliaments_with_Partner_for_Democracy_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliaments_with_Partner_for_Democracy_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Parliaments with Partner for Democracy status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliaments_with_Partner_for_Democracy_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliaments_with_observer_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliaments_with_observer_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Parliaments with observer status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliaments_with_observer_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_delegations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_delegations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Other delegations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_delegations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invited_representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invited_representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Invited representatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invited_representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition_by_political_group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition_by_political_group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Composition by political group</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composition_by_political_group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Presidents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Presidents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Presidents subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vice-Presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vice-Presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Vice-Presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vice-Presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secretary_General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secretary_General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Secretary General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secretary_General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="الجمعية البرلمانية لمجلس أوروبا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجمعية البرلمانية لمجلس أوروبا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avropa_%C5%9Euras%C4%B1_Parlament_Assambleyas%C4%B1" title="Avropa Şurası Parlament Assambleyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avropa Şurası Parlament Assambleyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%95%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Парламенцкая асамблея Савета Еўропы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Парламенцкая асамблея Савета Еўропы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Парламентарна асамблея на Съвета на Европа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Парламентарна асамблея на Съвета на Европа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assemblea_Parlament%C3%A0ria_del_Consell_d%27Europa" title="Assemblea Parlamentària del Consell d'Europa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Assemblea Parlamentària del Consell d'Europa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentn%C3%AD_shrom%C3%A1%C5%BEd%C4%9Bn%C3%AD_Rady_Evropy" title="Parlamentní shromáždění Rady Evropy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Parlamentní shromáždění Rady Evropy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europar%C3%A5dets_Parlamentariske_Forsamling" title="Europarådets Parlamentariske Forsamling – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Europarådets Parlamentariske Forsamling" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentarische_Versammlung_des_Europarates" title="Parlamentarische Versammlung des Europarates – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Parlamentarische Versammlung des Europarates" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroopa_N%C3%B5ukogu_Parlamentaarne_Assamblee" title="Euroopa Nõukogu Parlamentaarne Assamblee – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Euroopa Nõukogu Parlamentaarne Assamblee" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%80%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Κοινοβουλευτική Συνέλευση του Συμβουλίου της Ευρώπης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοινοβουλευτική Συνέλευση του Συμβουλίου της Ευρώπης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asamblea_Parlamentaria_del_Consejo_de_Europa" title="Asamblea Parlamentaria del Consejo de Europa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asamblea Parlamentaria del Consejo de Europa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamenta_Asembleo_de_la_Konsilio_de_E%C5%ADropo" title="Parlamenta Asembleo de la Konsilio de Eŭropo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Parlamenta Asembleo de la Konsilio de Eŭropo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_parlementaire_du_Conseil_de_l%27Europe" title="Assemblée parlementaire du Conseil de l'Europe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Assemblée parlementaire du Conseil de l'Europe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%AB_%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Եվրոպայի խորհրդի Խորհրդարանական վեհաժողով – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եվրոպայի խորհրդի Խորհրդարանական վեհաժողով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majelis_Parlemen_Dewan_Eropa" title="Majelis Parlemen Dewan Eropa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Majelis Parlemen Dewan Eropa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pur%C3%A1%C3%B0s%C3%BEingi%C3%B0" title="Evrópuráðsþingið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Evrópuráðsþingið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assemblea_parlamentare_del_Consiglio_d%27Europa" title="Assemblea parlamentare del Consiglio d'Europa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Assemblea parlamentare del Consiglio d'Europa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Еуропа кеңесінің парламенттік ассамблеясы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Еуропа кеңесінің парламенттік ассамблеясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BB%C3%A4%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%88%D1%8B_(%D0%AD%D0%9F%D0%95%D0%A1)" title="Эдемвлäн права шотышты Европын Судшы (ЭПЕС) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Эдемвлäн права шотышты Европын Судшы (ЭПЕС)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conventus_Parlamentarius_Consilii_Europae" title="Conventus Parlamentarius Consilii Europae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Conventus Parlamentarius Consilii Europae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="الجمعيه البرلمانيه لمجلس اوروبا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الجمعيه البرلمانيه لمجلس اوروبا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlementaire_Vergadering_van_de_Raad_van_Europa" title="Parlementaire Vergadering van de Raad van Europa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Parlementaire Vergadering van de Raad van Europa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europar%C3%A5dets_parlamentarikerforsamling" title="Europarådets parlamentarikerforsamling – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Europarådets parlamentarikerforsamling" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zgromadzenie_Parlamentarne_Rady_Europy" title="Zgromadzenie Parlamentarne Rady Europy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zgromadzenie Parlamentarne Rady Europy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembleia_Parlamentar_do_Conselho_da_Europa" title="Assembleia Parlamentar do Conselho da Europa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Assembleia Parlamentar do Conselho da Europa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avropa_%C5%9Euras%C4%B1n%C4%B1%C3%B1_Parlamentler_Assambleyas%C4%B1" title="Avropa Şurasınıñ Parlamentler Assambleyası – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Avropa Şurasınıñ Parlamentler Assambleyası" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adunarea_Parlamentar%C4%83_a_Consiliului_Europei" title="Adunarea Parlamentară a Consiliului Europei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Adunarea Parlamentară a Consiliului Europei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Парламентская ассамблея Совета Европы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парламентская ассамблея Совета Европы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asambleja_Parlamentare_e_K%C3%ABshillit_t%C3%AB_Evrop%C3%ABs" title="Asambleja Parlamentare e Këshillit të Evropës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Asambleja Parlamentare e Këshillit të Evropës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europar%C3%A5dets_parlamentariska_f%C3%B6rsamling" title="Europarådets parlamentariska församling – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Europarådets parlamentariska församling" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awrupa_%C5%9Euras%C4%B1_Parlament_Assambley%C3%A4se" title="Awrupa Şurası Parlament Assambleyäse – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Awrupa Şurası Parlament Assambleyäse" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A8%D3%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE" title="Ассамблеяи парламентии Шӯрои Аврупо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ассамблеяи парламентии Шӯрои Аврупо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avrupa_Konseyi_Parlamenter_Meclisi" title="Avrupa Konseyi Parlamenter Meclisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Avrupa Konseyi Parlamenter Meclisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Парламентська асамблея Ради Європи – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Парламентська асамблея Ради Європи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asenblea_parlament%C3%A0ria_del_Consejo_d%27Europa" title="Asenblea parlamentària del Consejo d'Europa – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Asenblea parlamentària del Consejo d'Europa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%99i_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_Ngh%E1%BB%8B_vi%E1%BB%87n_c%E1%BB%A7a_%E1%BB%A6y_h%E1%BB%99i_ch%C3%A2u_%C3%82u" title="Hội đồng Nghị viện của Ủy hội châu Âu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hội đồng Nghị viện của Ủy hội châu Âu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" title="歐洲理事會議員大會 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="歐洲理事會議員大會" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q939743#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #ededed"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PACE_logo_75ppi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/PACE_logo_75ppi.png/170px-PACE_logo_75ppi.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/PACE_logo_75ppi.png/255px-PACE_logo_75ppi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/PACE_logo_75ppi.png/340px-PACE_logo_75ppi.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="170" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">10 August 1949</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Roussopoulos" title="Theodoros Roussopoulos">Theodoros Roussopoulos</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Secretary General</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Despina_Chatzivassiliou-Tsovilis" title="Despina Chatzivassiliou-Tsovilis">Despina Chatzivassiliou-Tsovilis</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data">306</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PACE_Hemicycle_in_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/PACE_Hemicycle_in_2024.jpg/220px-PACE_Hemicycle_in_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/PACE_Hemicycle_in_2024.jpg/330px-PACE_Hemicycle_in_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/PACE_Hemicycle_in_2024.jpg/440px-PACE_Hemicycle_in_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label"><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Europe" title="Palace of Europe">Palace of Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pace.coe.int">pace<wbr />.coe<wbr />.int</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</b> (<b>PACE</b>) is the parliamentary arm of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>, a 46-nation international organisation dedicated to upholding human rights, democracy and the rule of law. </p><p>The Assembly is made up of 306 members drawn from the national parliaments of the Council of Europe's member states, and meets four times a year for week-long plenary sessions in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>. </p><p>It is one of the two statutory bodies of the Council of Europe, along with the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Ministers_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe">Committee of Ministers</a>, the executive body representing governments, with which it holds an ongoing dialogue.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is the Assembly which is usually regarded as the "motor" of the organisation, holding governments to account on human rights issues, pressing states to maintain democratic standards, proposing fresh ideas and generating the momentum for reform. </p><p>The Assembly held its first session in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> on 10 August 1949, embodying at that time the hopes of many Europeans who, in the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, saw European unity as the best way of preventing a return to the devastation of war, a "safety net" to prevent gross human rights violations such as the horrors of <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>, and a democratic bulwark against tyranny. </p><p>Among the Assembly's main achievements are: </p> <ul><li>ending the <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Europe" title="Capital punishment in Europe">death penalty in Europe</a> by requiring new member states to stop all executions;</li> <li>making possible, and providing a blueprint for, the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a>;</li> <li>high-profile reports exposing violations of human rights in Council of Europe member states;</li> <li>assisting former Soviet countries to embrace democracy after 1989;</li> <li>inspiring and helping to shape many progressive new national laws;</li> <li>helping member states to overcome conflict or reach consensus on divisive political or social issues; and</li> <li>adopting the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Europe" title="Flag of Europe">Flag of Europe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_Europe" title="Anthem of Europe">Anthem of Europe</a>, both later taken up by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Powers">Powers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Plenary_chamber_of_the_Council_of_Europe%27s_Palace_of_Europe_2014_01.JPG/300px-Plenary_chamber_of_the_Council_of_Europe%27s_Palace_of_Europe_2014_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4889" data-file-height="3237" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pleniere.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pleniere.JPG/150px-Pleniere.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pleniere.JPG/225px-Pleniere.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pleniere.JPG/300px-Pleniere.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3443" data-file-height="2282" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Hemicycle" title="Hemicycle">hemicycle</a> of the PACE at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Europe" title="Palace of Europe">Palace of Europe</a></div></div></div></div> <p>Unlike the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> (an institution of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>), the Assembly does not have the power to create binding laws. However, it speaks on behalf of 700 million Europeans and has the power to: </p> <ul><li>demand action from the 46 Council of Europe governments, who – acting through the organisation's executive body – must jointly reply</li> <li>probe human rights violations in any of the member states</li> <li>question Prime Ministers and Heads of State on any subject</li> <li>send parliamentarians to observe elections and mediate over crises</li> <li>set the terms on which states may join the Council of Europe, through its power of veto</li> <li>inspire, propose and help to shape new national laws</li> <li>request legal evaluations of the laws and constitutions of member states</li> <li>sanction a member state by recommending its exclusion or suspension</li></ul> <p>Important statutory functions of PACE are the election of the judges of the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a>, from a list of three candidates submitted by governments, as well as the leading officials of the Council of Europe. </p><p>In general the Assembly meets four times per year in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Europe" title="Palace of Europe">Palace of Europe</a> for week-long plenary sessions. The nine permanent committees of the Assembly meet all year long to prepare reports and draft resolutions in their respective fields of expertise. </p><p>The Assembly sets its own agenda, but its debates and reports are primarily focused on the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>'s three core statutory aims, defending <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>, promoting <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a> and upholding the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election_of_judges_to_the_European_Court_of_Human_Rights">Election of judges to the European Court of Human Rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Election of judges to the European Court of Human Rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judges of the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> are elected by PACE from a list of three candidates nominated by each member state which has ratified the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a>. A 20-member committee made up of parliamentarians with legal experience – meeting <a href="/wiki/In_camera" title="In camera">in camera</a> – interviews all candidates for judge on the Court and assesses their CVs before making recommendations to the full Assembly, which elects one judge from each shortlist in a secret vote.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judges are elected for a period of nine years and may not be re-elected. </p><p>Although the European Convention does not, in itself, require member states to present a multi-sex shortlist of potential appointees, in a 2004 resolution PACE decided that it "will not consider lists of candidates where the list does not include at least one candidate of each sex" unless there are exceptional circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, around one-third of the current bench of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.echr.coe.int/Pages/home.aspx?p=court/judges&c=#n1368718271710_pointer">46 judges</a> are women, making the Court a leader among international courts on gender balance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Achievements">Achievements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Achievements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birthplace_of_the_European_Convention_on_Human_Rights">Birthplace of the European Convention on Human Rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Birthplace of the European Convention on Human Rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At its very first meeting, in the summer of 1949, the Parliamentary Assembly adopted the essential blueprint of what became the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a>, selecting which rights should be protected and defining the outline of the judicial mechanism to enforce them. Its detailed proposal, with some changes, was eventually adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>'s ministerial body, and entered into force in 1953. Today, seventy years later, the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> – given shape and form during the Assembly's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/PACE_News/status/1324024549781000193">historic post-war debates</a> – is regarded as a global standard-bearer for justice, protecting the rights of citizens in 46 European nations and beyond, and paving the way for the gradual convergence of human rights laws and practice across the continent. The Assembly continues to elect the judges of the Court. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Originator_of_the_European_flag_and_anthem">Originator of the European flag and anthem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Originator of the European flag and anthem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Assembly was at the origin of both the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Europe" title="Flag of Europe">Flag of Europe</a>, the twelve yellow stars on a blue background, and the <a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_Europe" title="Anthem of Europe">Anthem of Europe</a>, an arrangement of <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ode_to_Joy_(Beethoven)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ode to Joy (Beethoven)">Ode to Joy.</a> Having been proposed by the Assembly, both were adopted firstly by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>, and - several years later - by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. Both are now known worldwide as symbols of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Flag_of_Europe"><i>Flag of Europe</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Flag of Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various proposals for a flag were submitted to the Council of Europe in the early 1950s<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on 25 September 1953 the Assembly officially adopted a version with fifteen stars,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which represented the number of <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> member states at the time. However "a difficulty arose" in the Council of Europe's ministerial body over the number of stars<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> objected that one was for the Saarland region, which was then under French control and did not rejoin Germany until 1957. It would have agreed to fourteen stars, but this was in turn unacceptable to France. Two years later, after further consultations, the twelve-star version was unanimously approved by both bodies of the Council of Europe, with twelve being regarded as a symbol of perfection, and no longer related to the number of states in the organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institutions of the European Union began using the flag in 1986. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anthem_of_Europe"><i>Anthem of Europe</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Anthem of Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Propositions for an anthem for Europe began almost as soon as the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> was created in 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Ode to Joy" had been suggested in the 1920s by the great pioneer of European unity, <a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Coudenhove-Kalergi" title="Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi">Count Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi</a>, and in a 1955 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=09000016806a9ae7">letter</a> to the Council of Europe he proposed it again. However it was not until the early 1970s that the question was taken up by the Assembly's Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities. The parliamentarians saw an anthem as the next logical step, after the creation of the European flag in 1955 and Europe Day in 1964, to "spread the European idea" and - after <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=09000016806ab6cd">initial discussion</a> of a possible Europe-wide competition - the committee decided that a piece of music without words would overcome the problem of multiple languages in Europe. The committee <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rm.coe.int/report-on-a-european-anthem-rapport-sur-un-hymne-europeen/168097854c">agreed</a> Beethoven was "justly regarded as one of the great European geniuses", and that his tune "had universal value". In a resolution adopted on 8 July 1971,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Assembly formally proposed "Ode to Joy" as the European anthem. The proposal found favour with the Council of Europe's <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee of Ministers">Committee of Ministers</a>, which formally adopted the anthem in 1972. It was subsequently taken up by the EU in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ending_the_death_penalty_in_Europe">Ending the death penalty in Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ending the death penalty in Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1973 Swedish PACE member Astrid Bergegren first put forward a motion inviting member states to abolish the death penalty.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Momentum built in the following years, and by 1980 the Assembly was calling on Europe's parliaments to abolish it,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and insisting that the "right to life" included in the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a> implied a ban on state killing.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1989 the Assembly took the decision to make ending executions a condition of Council of Europe membership - just before a wave of central and eastern European nations joined the organisation. Today, the death penalty has been abolished in law in all 46 member states in peacetime, though some continue to allow it in time of war. Though rare calls are occasionally heard for its reintroduction,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> abolition continent-wide is now regarded as a major achievement of the Council of Europe as a whole, and it now joins others in pressing for abolition worldwide. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support_for_emerging_democracies">Support for emerging democracies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Support for emerging democracies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over the decades, the Assembly has been at the forefront of supporting democratic change in successive waves of European nations at key moments in their history, negotiating their entry into the Council of Europe "club of democracies" (as the Assembly has a veto on any new member joining the organisation, it has used this power to negotiate with applicant countries the conditions on which they join). In the 1950s it led the way in embracing recently defeated Germany, in the 1960s it took a strong stand during the Greek crisis, and in the 1970s it welcomed post-Franco Spain and Portugal into the democratic fold. Above all, it played a key role after the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, creating a path towards membership for former Communist countries with its "Special Guest status", paving the way for the historic reconciliation of European nations under one roof. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exposing_torture_in_CIA_black_sites_in_Europe">Exposing torture in <a href="/wiki/CIA_black_sites" title="CIA black sites">CIA black sites</a> in Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Exposing torture in CIA black sites in Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In two reports for the Assembly in 2006 and 2007, Swiss Senator and former Prosecutor <a href="/wiki/Dick_Marty" title="Dick Marty">Dick Marty</a> revealed convincing evidence<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that terror suspects were being transported to, held and tortured in CIA-run "secret prisons" on European soil. The evidence in his first report<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2006 – gathered with the help of investigative journalists and plane-spotters among others – suggested that a number of Council of Europe member states had permitted CIA "rendition flights" across their airspace, enabling the secret transfer of terror suspects without any legal rights. In a second report<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2007, Marty showed how two member states – Poland and Romania – had allowed "secret prisons" to be established on their territory, where torture took place. His main conclusions – subsequently confirmed in a series of rulings by the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a>, as well as a comprehensive US Senate report – threw the first real light on a dark chapter in US and European history in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/11_September_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="11 September attacks">11 September attacks</a>, kicked off a series of national probes, and helped to make torture on European soil less likely. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanctions_against_the_Russian_delegation">Sanctions against the Russian delegation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sanctions against the Russian delegation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2014, after the Russian parliament's backing for the annexation of Crimea and <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>, the Assembly decided to suspend the Russian delegation's voting rights as well as the right of Russian members to be represented in the Assembly's leading bodies and to participate in election observation missions. However, the Russian delegation remained members of the Assembly. The sanction applied throughout the remainder of the 2014 session and was renewed for a full year in January 2015, lapsing in January 2016. The sanction applied only to Russian parliamentarians in PACE, the Council of Europe's parliamentary body, and Russia continued to be a full member of the organisation as a whole. </p><p>In response, the Russian parliamentary delegation suspended its co-operation with PACE in June 2014, and in January 2016 – despite the lapsing of the sanctions – the Russian parliament decided not to submit its delegation's credentials for ratification, effectively leaving its seats empty. It did so again in January 2017, January 2018 and January 2019. </p><p>On 25 June 2019, after an eight-hour debate which ended in the small hours, the Assembly voted to change its rules,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to make clear that its members should always have the right "to vote, to speak and to be represented", acceding to a key Russian demand and paving the way for the return of a Russian parliamentary delegation. Within hours the Russian parliament had presented the credentials of a new delegation,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which – despite being challenged – were approved without any sanction by a vote of 116 in favour, 62 against and 15 abstentions.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the Russian delegation which included <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Olegovich_Tolstoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyotr Olegovich Tolstoy">Pyotr Olegovich Tolstoy</a> as its head, returned to PACE with its full rights after a gap of five years. In response, the Ukrainian delegation protested before the Assembly, and announced Ukraine would leave the institution. Ukraine returned to PACE in January 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-7237588PACE_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7237588PACE-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expulsion_of_Russia_from_the_Council_of_Europe">Expulsion of Russia from the Council of Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Expulsion of Russia from the Council of Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 25 February 2022 - the day after Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 - Russia's membership in the Council of Europe was suspended by the Council of Europe's ministerial body, having consulted the Assembly earlier on the same day. Suspension does not have the same legal status as full expulsion. </p><p>On 15 March, following an all-day debate at an Extraordinary Session, the Parliamentary Assembly adopted a resolution calling on the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>'s ministerial body to go further and to "immediately" expel Russia from the Council because of its aggression against Ukraine. It is the first time in its history that the Assembly has made such a call. </p><p>As the debate was drawing to a close, the Russian authorities submitted a formal letter announcing that it was withdrawing from the Council; however, as the expulsion procedure had already begun, this was no longer legally possible. The Assembly's debate continued and - in a unanimous vote of 216 in favour, 0 against and 3 abstentions - the Assembly called for Russia's full expulsion.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following day, 16 March, at an extraordinary meeting, the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Ministers_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe">Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe</a> acceded to the Assembly's request, and decided that Russia should cease to be a member from that same day, after 26 years as a member state. </p><p>In the months since, the Assembly has on several occasions debated the consequences of Russia's aggression against Ukraine, including the legal consequences, and the practical support it can give to Ukraine. In October 2022, for example, it adopted a resolution declaring the Russian regime a "terrorist" one,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while in January 2023 it unanimously demanded the setting up of an international criminal tribunal in The Hague to prosecute Russian and Belarusian political and military leaders who "planned, prepared, initiated or executed" the war. In June 2023, as the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> signalled it was considering allowing Russian and Belarusian athletes to take part in the Paris 2024 Olympics as "neutral individuals", the Assembly urged the continuation of a total ban. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corruption_scandals">Corruption scandals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Corruption scandals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_laundromat" title="Azerbaijani laundromat">Azerbaijani laundromat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caviar_diplomacy" title="Caviar diplomacy">Caviar diplomacy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Qatar_corruption_scandal_at_the_European_Parliament" title="Qatar corruption scandal at the European Parliament">Qatar corruption scandal at the European Parliament</a></div> <p>The European Parliament has had criticism over its prodigality and for being too complacent with conflicts of interest.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its refusal to become full member of the <a href="/wiki/Group_of_States_against_Corruption" title="Group of States against Corruption">GRECO</a> like all its member states is also a matter of criticism.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> reported that "some council members, notably Central Asian states and Russia, have tried to influence the organisation's parliamentary assembly with lavish gifts and trips".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the report, said member states also hire lobbyists to fend off criticism of their human rights records.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>PACE members have been implicated in corruption scandals relating to the Qatari and Azerbaijani governments. Qatargate is an ongoing scandal, involving allegations that PACE officials, lobbyists and their families have been influenced by the governments of <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, engaging in corruption, money laundering, and organized crime.<sup id="cite_ref-spiegel.de-21Jan232_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spiegel.de-21Jan232-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Multiple PACE officials have been implicated in a <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money-laundering</a> scheme organized by the Azerbaijani government.<sup id="cite_ref-:022_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In exchange for (A) whiteashing Azerbaijan's poor human rights record and (B) lobbying for Azerbaijan in the <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</a>, European politicians were paid off and <a href="/wiki/Caviar_diplomacy" title="Caviar diplomacy">received lavish gifts and paid trips</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, an independent investigation found "strong suspicions of corruptive conduct involving members of the Assembly" and named a multiple members as having breached the Assembly's Code of Conduct.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a series of hearings, it sanctioned many of the members or former members mentioned in the Investigative Body's report, either by depriving them of certain rights,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or by excluding them from the Assembly's premises for life.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Flight_of_Nagorno-Karabakh_Armenians" title="Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians">flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians</a> in 2023, PACE adopted a motion which stated that "it regrets the fact that Members of the European Parliament have accepted and failed to declare trips to Azerbaijan, visits to the Nagorno-Karabakh region and luxury hotel stays that were organised and paid for by Azerbaijani officials."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resolution_on_children's_right_to_physical_integrity"><span id="Resolution_on_children.27s_right_to_physical_integrity"></span>Resolution on children's right to physical integrity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Resolution on children's right to physical integrity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Circumcision_controversies" title="Circumcision controversies">Circumcision controversies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intersex_medical_interventions" title="Intersex medical interventions">Intersex medical interventions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">Female genital mutilation</a></div> <p>In October 2013, following a <a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">motion</a> by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_Social_Affairs,_Health_and_Sustainable_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development (page does not exist)">Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development</a> a year prior, the Assembly passed a resolution and an accompanying recommendation on children's right to physical integrity.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These documents argued that while PACE had addressed forms of child abuse such as sexual violence and domestic violence, it was also necessary to address what they called "non-medically justified violations of children's physical integrity which may have a long-lasting impact on their lives". They called for a ban on the most harmful practices, such as female genital mutilation, while also calling for increased dialogue on other procedures they viewed as harmful, such as infant male circumcision, intersex medical interventions, and body piercings. </p><p>While none of the above documents called for an outright ban on male circumcision, they did call for the procedure to be regulated and debated, and an accompanying report referred to the practice as a "human rights violation".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This condemnation received criticism from religious groups and figures, such as <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a>, the president of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> at the time, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a>, which argued that circumcision was an accepted medical procedure and that the resolution interfered with religious freedom and was anti-Semitic.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to these criticisms, Liliane Maury Pasquier of the Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development wrote an op-ed in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> arguing that medical evidence against circumcision was presented in the Assembly's hearings and that the child's right to physical integrity overrode the parents' right to religious freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This op-ed was further criticized by the Anti-Defamation League.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, PACE passed a resolution on religious freedom and tolerance that referenced its previous resolution on circumcision and reiterated its view that the procedure should only be performed under appropriate medical conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though some outlets reported that PACE had retracted its anti-circumcision stance,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PACE clarified that it had neither cancelled nor replaced the old resolution and that they had never called for infant circumcision to be banned in the first place.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_divisions">Cultural divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Cultural divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the Council of Europe is a human rights watchdog and a guardian against discrimination, it is widely regarded as becoming increasingly divided on moral issues because its membership includes mainly Muslim countries (Turkey and Azerbaijan) as well as Eastern European countries, among them Russia, where social conservatism is strong.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes.com_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, this became evident when the Parliamentary Assembly voted on a report compiled by <a href="/wiki/Anne_Brasseur" title="Anne Brasseur">Anne Brasseur</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</a> on the rise of Christian <a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">creationism</a>, bolstered by right-wing and populist parties in Eastern Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes.com_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historic_speeches">Historic speeches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Historic speeches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, an online archive of all speeches made to the Parliamentary Assembly by heads of state or government since its creation in 1949 appeared on the Assembly's website, the fruit of the two-year project entitled "Voices of Europe".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of its launch, the archive comprised 263 speeches delivered over a 70-year period by some 216 Presidents, Prime Ministers, monarchs and religious leaders from 45 countries, but it continues to expand, as new speeches are added every few months. </p><p>Some very early speeches by individuals considered to be "founding figures" of the European institutions, even if they were not heads of state or government at the time, are also included (such as those by <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a>). Addresses by eight monarchs appear in the list (such as King <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Carlos I of Spain">Juan Carlos I of Spain</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Belgium" title="Albert II of Belgium">Albert II of Belgium</a> and Grand Duke <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Henri of Luxembourg</a>) as well as the speeches given by religious figures (such as <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>) and several leaders from countries in the Middle East and North Africa (such as <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_S%C3%A9dar_Senghor" title="Léopold Sédar Senghor">Léopold Sédar Senghor</a> or King <a href="/wiki/Hussein_of_Jordan" title="Hussein of Jordan">Hussein of Jordan</a>). </p><p>The full text of the speeches is given in both English and French,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> regardless of the original language used. The archive is searchable by country, by name, and chronologically. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The official languages of the Council of Europe are <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, but the Assembly also uses <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> as working languages.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each parliamentarian has separate earphones and a desk on which they are able to select the language which they would like to listen to. When foreign guests wish to address the Assembly in languages other than its working languages, they are invited to bring their own interpreters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Participants">Participants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Participants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Assembly has a total of 612 members in total – 306 principal members and 306 substitutes<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – who are appointed or elected by the parliaments of each <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe#Membership,_observers,_partners" title="Council of Europe">member state</a>. Delegations must reflect the balance in the national parliament, so contain members of both ruling parties and oppositions. The population of each country determines its number of representatives and number of votes. This is in contrast to the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee of Ministers">Committee of Ministers</a>, the Council of Europe's executive body, where each country has one vote. While not full members, the parliaments of <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a> hold "Partner for Democracy" status with the Assembly – which allows their delegations to take part in the Assembly's work, but without the right to vote – and there are also observer delegates from the <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexican</a> parliaments. </p><p>The costs of participation in the Assembly – mainly travel and accommodation expenses – are borne by the national parliament of the delegation concerned. The few members who are appointed as rapporteurs, when they are carrying out work for the Assembly, have their costs covered by the Council of Europe. </p><p>Some notable former members of PACE include: </p> <ul><li>former heads of state or government such as Britain's wartime leader Sir <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, former German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a>, former Italian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a>, former Turkish President <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a>, former Cypriot President <a href="/wiki/Glafcos_Clerides" title="Glafcos Clerides">Glafcos Clerides</a>, former Finnish President <a href="/wiki/Tarja_Halonen" title="Tarja Halonen">Tarja Halonen</a>, former Georgian President <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Saakashvili" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikhail Saakashvili">Mikhail Saakashvili</a>, former Albanian President <a href="/wiki/Sali_Berisha" title="Sali Berisha">Sali Berisha</a>, and many others.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Marty" title="Dick Marty">Dick Marty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>), appointed in late 2005 as <a href="/wiki/Rapporteur" title="Rapporteur">rapporteur</a> to investigate the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> <a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition" title="Extraordinary rendition">extraordinary renditions</a> scandal and organ theft in Kosovo by the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Liberation_Army" title="Kosovo Liberation Army">Kosovo Liberation Army</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo war">Kosovo war</a>, in 1998–2001<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A number of leading British political personalities, including former Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">John Prescott</a>, former Liberal Democrat leader <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kennedy" title="Charles Kennedy">Charles Kennedy</a>, former Labour leader <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a>, and former Scottish First Minister <a href="/wiki/Alex_Salmond" title="Alex Salmond">Alex Salmond</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Dell%27Utri" title="Marcello Dell'Utri">Marcello Dell'Utri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>), convicted for complicity in conspiracy with <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Mafia" title="Sicilian Mafia">the Mafia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">concorso in associazione mafiosa</i>), a crime for which he was found guilty on appeal and sentenced to 7 years in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-rep111204_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rep111204-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the Scottish soldier, adventurer, writer and MP Sir <a href="/wiki/Sir_Fitzroy_Maclean,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1st Baronet">Fitzroy Maclean</a> (United Kingdom), author of the autobiographical memoir and travelogue <i><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Approaches" title="Eastern Approaches">Eastern Approaches</a></i>, who was a member of PACE on two separate occasions, in 1951–1952 and 1972–1973.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Composition_by_parliamentary_delegation">Composition by parliamentary delegation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Composition by parliamentary delegation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Delegation </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Accession </th></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>1995 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra"><img alt="Andorra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1994 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2001 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>1956 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>2001 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>1949 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>2002 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>1992 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1996 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1961–1964, 1984 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>1991<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1949 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1993 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1989 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>18 </td> <td>1949 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1999 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td>18 </td> <td>1951 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>1949–1969, 1974<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>1990 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1959 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>1949 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>18 </td> <td>1949 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1995 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein"><img alt="Liechtenstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1978 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>1993 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1949 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1965 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1995 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco"><img alt="Monaco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2007<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>1949 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1995 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1949 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td>12 </td> <td>1991 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>1976 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <td>10 </td> <td>1993 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino"><img alt="San Marino" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/20px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/31px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/40px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1988 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1993<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1993 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td>12 </td> <td>1977 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>1949 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>1963 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td>18 </td> <td>1949 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td>12 </td> <td>1995 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>18 </td> <td>1949 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Previously part of <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, 1991–1993.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Due to the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Case" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Case">Greek Case</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As part of <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a>, until 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Previously part of <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, 1991–1993.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>The special guest status of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Belarus">National Assembly of Belarus</a> was suspended on 13 January 1997. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a> ceased to be a member of the Council of Europe on 16 March 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2024, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe resolved to not ratify the credentials of the Azerbaijani delegation, thereby preventing the Azerbaijani delegates from participating in the work of the Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliaments_with_Partner_for_Democracy_status">Parliaments with Partner for Democracy status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Parliaments with Partner for Democracy status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parliaments with Partner for Democracy status, pledge to work towards certain basic values of the Council of Europe, and agree to occasional assessments of their progress. In return, they are able to send delegations to take part in the work of the Assembly and its committees, but without the right to vote. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable center" width="50%"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="lightgrey"> <th>Delegation </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Population<br />per member </th> <th>Year Partner for Democracy status granted </th></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>10,954,200 </td> <td>3,651,400 </td> <td>2016<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>6,586,600 </td> <td>1,097,767 </td> <td>2014<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>36,261,700 </td> <td>6,043,617 </td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine"><img alt="Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>5,227,193<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1,742,398 </td> <td>2011<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliaments_with_observer_status">Parliaments with observer status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Parliaments with observer status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable center" width="50%"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="lightgrey"> <th>Delegation </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Population<br />per member </th> <th>Year observer status granted </th></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>35,151,728<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>5,858,621 </td> <td>1996<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>9,350,580<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>3,116,860 </td> <td>1957<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>126,014,024<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>21,002,337 </td> <td>1999 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_delegations">Other delegations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Other delegations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly of Kosovo">Assembly of Kosovo</a> has been invited to designate a delegation to take part in the work of the Assembly and its committees as observers without the right to vote. On 24 April 2023, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe approved Kosovo's application for membership, allowing the application to progress to the Parliamentary Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 April 2024, the Parliamentary Assembly voted in favour of Kosovo's membership, with 131 votes in favour, 29 against, and 11 abstentions.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable center" width="50%"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="lightgrey"> <th>Delegation </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Population<br />per member </th> <th>Year invited </th></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> </td> <td>3<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1,806,279<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>602,093 </td> <td>2016<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invited_representatives">Invited representatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Invited representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Cypriot">Turkish Cypriot</a> community have been invited to participate in the deliberations of the assembly as observers without the right to vote. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable center" width="50%"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="lightgrey"> <th>Participants </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Population<br />per member </th> <th>Year invited </th></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Cypriot Community">Turkish Cypriot Community</a><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>382,836<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>191,418 </td> <td>2004<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Composition_by_political_group">Composition by political group</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Composition by political group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Assembly has six political groups.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"> <div><div><div class="centered diagram noprint" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:393.93939393939px;height:196.9696969697px;padding:26.262626262626px;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:5px;overflow:hidden;background:#E9E9E9;text-align:center"><div style="transform:rotate(0deg);width:393.93939393939px;height:196.9696969697px;position:relative;transform-origin:bottom center;border-top-left-radius:196.9696969697px;border-top-right-radius:196.9696969697px;background:#B71C1C"><div style="text-align:center;width:393.93939393939px;height:196.9696969697px;position:absolute;transform:rotate(-84.991568296796deg);transform-origin:bottom center;top:-15px;line-height:15px;padding-bottom:15px">33</div><div style="transform:rotate(10.016863406408deg);width:393.93939393939px;height:196.9696969697px;position:relative;transform-origin:bottom center;border-top-left-radius:196.9696969697px;border-top-right-radius:196.9696969697px;background:#F0001C"><div style="text-align:center;width:393.93939393939px;height:196.9696969697px;position:absolute;transform:rotate(-66.779089376054deg);transform-origin:bottom center;top:-15px;line-height:15px;padding-bottom:15px">153</div><div style="transform:rotate(46.441821247892deg);width:393.93939393939px;height:196.9696969697px;position:relative;transform-origin:bottom center;border-top-left-radius:196.9696969697px;border-top-right-radius:196.9696969697px;background:#FFD700"><div style="text-align:center;width:393.93939393939px;height:196.9696969697px;position:absolute;transform:rotate(-76.188870151771deg);transform-origin:bottom center;top:-15px;line-height:15px;padding-bottom:15px">91</div><div style="transform:rotate(27.622259696459deg);width:393.93939393939px;height:196.9696969697px;position:relative;transform-origin:bottom center;border-top-left-radius:196.9696969697px;border-top-right-radius:196.9696969697px;background:#3399FF"><div style="text-align:center;width:393.93939393939px;height:196.9696969697px;position:absolute;transform:rotate(-68.600337268128deg);transform-origin:bottom center;top:-15px;line-height:15px;padding-bottom:15px">141</div><div style="transform:rotate(42.799325463744deg);width:393.93939393939px;height:196.9696969697px;position:relative;transform-origin:bottom center;border-top-left-radius:196.9696969697px;border-top-right-radius:196.9696969697px;background:#196CA8"><div style="text-align:center;width:393.93939393939px;height:196.9696969697px;position:absolute;transform:rotate(-74.215851602024deg);transform-origin:bottom center;top:-15px;line-height:15px;padding-bottom:15px">104</div><div style="transform:rotate(31.568296795953deg);width:393.93939393939px;height:196.9696969697px;position:relative;transform-origin:bottom center;border-top-left-radius:196.9696969697px;border-top-right-radius:196.9696969697px;background:#999999"><div style="text-align:center;width:393.93939393939px;height:196.9696969697px;position:absolute;transform:rotate(-79.224283305228deg);transform-origin:bottom center;top:-15px;line-height:15px;padding-bottom:15px">71</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="width:147.72727272727px;height:147.72727272727px;margin:-73.863636363636px auto;border-radius:73.863636363636px;transform:translate(0,0);background:#E9E9E9"></div><div style="width:394.93939393939px;height:147.72727272727px;transform:translate(0,0);background:#E9E9E9"></div></div></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Group </th> <th>Chairman </th> <th>Seats </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialists,_Democrats_and_Greens_Group" title="Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group">Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group</a> (SOC) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frank_Schwabe" title="Frank Schwabe">Frank Schwabe</a> (Germany) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">153 / 612</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F0001C; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party#In_the_Council_of_Europe" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> (EPP/CD) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Davor_Ivo_Stier" title="Davor Ivo Stier">Davor Ivo Stier</a> (Croatia) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">141 / 612</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3399FF; width: 23%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_Group_and_Democratic_Alliance" title="European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance">European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance</a> (EC/DA) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ian_Liddell-Grainger" title="Ian Liddell-Grainger">Ian Liddell-Grainger</a> (United Kingdom) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">104 / 612</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #196CA8; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_in_the_Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe</a> (ALDE) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iulian_Bulai" title="Iulian Bulai">Iulian Bulai</a> (Romania) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">91 / 612</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFD700; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unified_European_Left_Group" title="Unified European Left Group">Unified European Left Group</a> (UEL) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrej_Hunko" title="Andrej Hunko">Andrej Hunko</a> (Germany)<br /><a href="/wiki/Anne_Stambach-Terrenoir" title="Anne Stambach-Terrenoir">Anne Stambach-Terrenoir</a> (France) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">33 / 612</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #B71C1C; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Members not belonging to any group </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">71 / 612</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #999999; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidents">Presidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Presidents of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe have been: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable center"> <tbody><tr> <th width="80">Period </th> <th width="200">Name </th> <th width="120">Country </th> <th>Political affiliation </th></tr> <tr> <td>1949 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Édouard Herriot</a> (interim) </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">Radical Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1949–1951 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul-Henri_Spaak" title="Paul-Henri Spaak">Paul-Henri Spaak</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Socialist_Party" title="Belgian Socialist Party">Socialist Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1952–1954 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Menthon" title="François de Menthon">François de Menthon</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Popular_Republican_Movement" title="Popular Republican Movement">Popular Republican Movement</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1954–1956 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guy_Mollet" title="Guy Mollet">Guy Mollet</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1956–1959 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fernand_Dehousse" title="Fernand Dehousse">Fernand Dehousse</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Socialist_Party" title="Belgian Socialist Party">Socialist Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards_(English_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Edwards (English politician)">John Edwards</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960–1963 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Per_Federspiel" title="Per Federspiel">Per Federspiel</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venstre_(Denmark)" title="Venstre (Denmark)">Venstre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1963–1966 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pflimlin" title="Pierre Pflimlin">Pierre Pflimlin</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Popular_Republican_Movement" title="Popular Republican Movement">Popular Republican Movement</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966–1969 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_de_Freitas" title="Geoffrey de Freitas">Geoffrey de Freitas</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969–1972 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivier_Reverdin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olivier Reverdin (page does not exist)">Olivier Reverdin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivier_Reverdin" class="extiw" title="de:Olivier Reverdin">de</a>]</span> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Liberal Party of Switzerland">Liberal Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972–1975 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Vedovato" title="Giuseppe Vedovato">Giuseppe Vedovato</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democracy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975–1978 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Czernetz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Czernetz (page does not exist)">Karl Czernetz</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Czernetz" class="extiw" title="de:Karl Czernetz">de</a>]</span> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria" title="Social Democratic Party of Austria">Social Democratic Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978–1981 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hans_de_Koster" title="Hans de Koster">Hans de Koster</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">People's Party for Freedom and Democracy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981–1982 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Areilza,_Count_of_Motrico" title="José María de Areilza, Count of Motrico">José María de Areilza</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Democratic_Centre_(Spain)" title="Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)">Union of the Democratic Centre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983–1986 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ahrens" title="Karl Ahrens">Karl Ahrens</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986–1989 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_Jung" title="Louis Jung">Louis Jung</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>Group of the European People's Party </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989–1992 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anders_Bj%C3%B6rck" title="Anders Björck">Anders Björck</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td>European Democratic Group </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Finsberg" title="Geoffrey Finsberg">Geoffrey Finsberg</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>European Democratic Group </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992–1995 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Mart%C3%ADnez_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Miguel Ángel Martínez Martínez">Miguel Ángel Martínez Martínez</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td>Socialist Group </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996–1999 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leni_Fischer" title="Leni Fischer">Leni Fischer</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td>Group of the European People's Party </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999–2002 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russell_Johnston_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russell Johnston (politician)">Russell Johnston</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002–2004 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Schieder" title="Peter Schieder">Peter Schieder</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td>Socialist Group </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005–2008 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_van_der_Linden" title="René van der Linden">René van der Linden</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td>Group of the European People's Party </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008–2010 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llu%C3%ADs_Maria_de_Puig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lluís Maria de Puig (page does not exist)">Lluís Maria de Puig</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llu%C3%ADs_Maria_de_Puig" class="extiw" title="es:Lluís Maria de Puig">es</a>]</span> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td>Socialist Group </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010–2012 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mevl%C3%BCt_%C3%87avu%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu" title="Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu">Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td>European Democratic Group </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012–2014 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Mignon" title="Jean-Claude Mignon">Jean-Claude Mignon</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>Group of the European People's Party </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014–2016 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne_Brasseur" title="Anne Brasseur">Anne Brasseur</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td>Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016–2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Agramunt" title="Pedro Agramunt">Pedro Agramunt</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td>Group of the European People's Party </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017–2018 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stella_Kyriakides" title="Stella Kyriakides">Stella Kyriakides</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> </td> <td>Group of the European People's Party </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michele_Nicoletti" title="Michele Nicoletti">Michele Nicoletti</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018–2020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liliane_Maury_Pasquier" title="Liliane Maury Pasquier">Liliane Maury Pasquier</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td>Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020–2022 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rik_Daems" title="Rik Daems">Rik Daems</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td>Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022–2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Kox" title="Tiny Kox">Tiny Kox</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td>Group of the Unified European Left </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024–present </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Roussopoulos" title="Theodoros Roussopoulos">Theodoros Roussopoulos</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td>Group of the European People's Party </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vice-Presidents">Vice-Presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Vice-Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable center"> <tbody><tr> <th width="80">Period </th> <th width="200">Name </th> <th width="120">Country </th> <th>Political affiliation </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="20">2023–present </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Tu%C4%9Frul_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Yıldırım Tuğrul Türkeş">Yıldırım Tuğrul Türkeş</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elisabetta_Gardini" title="Elisabetta Gardini">Elisabetta Gardini</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Italy" title="Brothers of Italy">Brothers of Italy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Alain_Fridez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre-Alain Fridez (page does not exist)">Pierre-Alain Fridez</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">Social Democratic Party of Switzerland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rik_Daems" title="Rik Daems">Rik Daems</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open_Flemish_Liberals_and_Democrats" title="Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats">Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Lopatka" title="Reinhold Lopatka">Reinhold Lopatka</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austrian_People%27s_Party" title="Austrian People's Party">Austrian People's Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armin_Laschet" title="Armin Laschet">Armin Laschet</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union of Germany</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Morris_(Conservative_politician)" title="David Morris (Conservative politician)">David Morris</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernadeta_Coma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernadeta Coma (page does not exist)">Bernadeta Coma</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democrats_for_Andorra" title="Democrats for Andorra">Democrats for Andorra</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Bouyx" title="Bertrand Bouyx">Bertrand Bouyx</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(French_political_party)" title="Renaissance (French political party)">Renaissance</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marco_Nicolini" title="Marco Nicolini">Marco Nicolini</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/20px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/31px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/40px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RETE_Movement" title="RETE Movement">RETE Movement</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Vonta" title="Tamara Vonta">Tamara Vonta</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Movement_(Slovenia)" title="Freedom Movement (Slovenia)">Freedom Movement</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olena_Khomenko" title="Olena Khomenko">Olena Khomenko</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_the_People" title="Servant of the People">Servant of the People</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Snje%C5%BEana_Novakovi%C4%87-Bursa%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Snježana Novaković-Bursać (page does not exist)">Snježana Novaković-Bursać</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Independent_Social_Democrats" title="Alliance of Independent Social Democrats">Alliance of Independent Social Democrats</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Agnieszka_Pomaska" title="Agnieszka Pomaska">Agnieszka Pomaska</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Civic_Platform" title="Civic Platform">Civic Platform</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blerina_Gjylameti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blerina Gjylameti (page does not exist)">Blerina Gjylameti</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Albania" title="Socialist Party of Albania">Socialist Party of Albania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Markus_Wiechel" title="Markus Wiechel">Markus Wiechel</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sweden_Democrats" title="Sweden Democrats">Sweden Democrats</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Georg_Georgiev" title="Georg Georgiev">Georg Georgiev</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GERB%E2%80%94SDS" class="mw-redirect" title="GERB—SDS">GERB—SDS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>vacant</i> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secretary_General">Secretary General</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Secretary General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2021, the Assembly elected <a href="/wiki/Despina_Chatzivassiliou-Tsovilis" title="Despina Chatzivassiliou-Tsovilis">Despina Chatzivassiliou-Tsovilis</a> as Secretary General of the Assembly, serving a five-year term beginning in March 2021. </p><p>She heads an 80-strong multi-national secretariat based in Strasbourg, and is the first woman to hold the post since the Assembly's creation in 1949, as well as the first person of Greek nationality. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Cultural_Convention" title="European Cultural Convention">European Cultural Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel_Human_Rights_Prize" title="Václav Havel Human Rights Prize">Václav Havel Human Rights Prize</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://pace.coe.int/en/news/9339/theodoros-rousopoulos-elected-pace-president">https://pace.coe.int/en/news/9339/theodoros-rousopoulos-elected-pace-president</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pace.coe.int/en/news/8177/despina-chatzivassiliou-tsovilis-first-woman-elected-secretary-general-of-the-parliamentary-assembly">"Despina Chatzivassiliou-Tsovilis, first woman elected Secretary General of the Parliamentary Assembly"</a>. <i>Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</i>. 2021-03-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe&rft.atitle=Despina+Chatzivassiliou-Tsovilis%2C+first+woman+elected+Secretary+General+of+the+Parliamentary+Assembly&rft.date=2021-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpace.coe.int%2Fen%2Fnews%2F8177%2Fdespina-chatzivassiliou-tsovilis-first-woman-elected-secretary-general-of-the-parliamentary-assembly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assembly.coe.int/LifeRay/APCE/pdf/Communication/2021/20210126-ElectionPaceSG-BIL.pdf">Official result of the election, website of the Parliamentary Assembly</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/News/News-View-EN.asp?newsid=5106&lang=2&cat=8">PACE creates a special committee for the election of judges to the European Court of Human Rights</a>, 2014-06-24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Adelaide Remiche (2012-08-12), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk/election-of-the-new-belgian-judge-to-the-ecthr-an-all-male-short-list-demonstrates-questionable-commitment-to-gender-equality/">Election of the new Belgian Judge to the ECtHR: An all-male shortlist demonstrates a questionable commitment to gender equality</a> Oxford Human Rights Hub, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pace.coe.int/en/files/520/html">"Choice of an emblem for the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe"</a>. <i>Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</i>. 1953-09-21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407150306/https://pace.coe.int/en/files/520/html?__cf_chl_rt_tk=EoAnO0AEN.7fOStjcgUI1GyjcjRsHL5KwK2q0viDlKw-1649343786-0-gaNycGzNBX0">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-04-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe&rft.atitle=Choice+of+an+emblem+for+the+Consultative+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe&rft.date=1953-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpace.coe.int%2Fen%2Ffiles%2F520%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pace.coe.int/en/files/14080/html">"Choice of an emblem for the Council of Europe"</a>. <i>Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</i>. 1953<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe&rft.atitle=Choice+of+an+emblem+for+the+Council+of+Europe&rft.date=1953&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpace.coe.int%2Fen%2Ffiles%2F14080%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pace.coe.int/en/files/765/html">"Choice of a Europe emblem"</a>. <i>Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</i>. 1955-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe&rft.atitle=Choice+of+a+Europe+emblem&rft.date=1955-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpace.coe.int%2Fen%2Ffiles%2F765%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coe.int/en/web/about-us/the-european-flag">"The European flag"</a>. <i>The Council of Europe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Council+of+Europe&rft.atitle=The+European+flag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fabout-us%2Fthe-european-flag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coe.int/en/web/documents-records-archives-information/european-anthem">"European Anthem"</a>. <i>The Council of Europe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Council+of+Europe&rft.atitle=European+Anthem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fdocuments-records-archives-information%2Feuropean-anthem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=15906&lang=en">"PACE - Resolution 492 (1971) - European anthem"</a>. <i>PACE website</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PACE+website&rft.atitle=PACE+-+Resolution+492+%281971%29+-+European+anthem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassembly.coe.int%2Fnw%2Fxml%2FXRef%2FXref-XML2HTML-en.asp%3Ffileid%3D15906%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPACE_News2022" class="citation web cs1">@PACE_News (2022-01-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/PACE_News/status/1483584156672008196">"Happy birthday to the #EuropeanAnthem, created #OnThisDay 50 years ago! The prelude to Beethoven's "Ode to Joy"…"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Happy+birthday+to+the+%23EuropeanAnthem%2C+created+%23OnThisDay+50+years+ago%21+The+prelude+to+Beethoven%27s+%22Ode+to+Joy%22%E2%80%A6&rft.date=2022-01-18&rft.au=PACE_News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FPACE_News%2Fstatus%2F1483584156672008196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=3548&lang=en">"Abolition of capital punishment"</a>. <i>PACE website</i>. 1973-05-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rainews24.rai.it/it/news.php?newsid=142469">the original</a> on 2012-03-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rai+News&rft.atitle=Dell%27Utri+condannato+anche+in+appello%2C+pena+ridotta+a+7+anni&rft.date=2010-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rainews24.rai.it%2Fit%2Fnews.php%3Fnewsid%3D142469&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.coe.int/cm/Pages/result_details.aspx?ObjectID=0900001680a5da51">"Resolution CM/Res(2022)2 on the cessation of the membership of the Russian Federation to the Council of Europe"</a>. <i>Council of Europe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Censo+de+Poblaci%C3%B3n+y+Vivienda+2020&rft.pub=INEGI&rft.date=2021-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inegi.org.mx%2Fprogramas%2Fccpv%2F2020%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSi2023" class="citation web cs1">Si, Nen (2023-04-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euronews.al/en/kosovo-successfully-passes-the-first-phase-of-membership-in-the-council-of-europe/">"Kosovo successfully passes the first phase of membership in the Council of Europe"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kosovo+successfully+passes+the+first+phase+of+membership+in+the+Council+of+Europe&rft.date=2023-04-24&rft.aulast=Si&rft.aufirst=Nen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuronews.al%2Fen%2Fkosovo-successfully-passes-the-first-phase-of-membership-in-the-council-of-europe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBami2023" class="citation web cs1">Bami, Xhorxhina (2023-04-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://balkaninsight.com/2023/04/24/kosovo-passes-first-step-to-council-of-europe-membership/">"Kosovo Passes First Step to Council of Europe Membership"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kosovo+Passes+First+Step+to+Council+of+Europe+Membership&rft.date=2023-04-24&rft.aulast=Bami&rft.aufirst=Xhorxhina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbalkaninsight.com%2F2023%2F04%2F24%2Fkosovo-passes-first-step-to-council-of-europe-membership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://balkaninsight.com/2024/04/16/vote-puts-kosovo-one-step-from-accession-to-europes-chief-rights-body/">"Vote Puts Kosovo One Step from Accession to Europe's Chief Rights Body"</a>. 2024-04-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vote+Puts+Kosovo+One+Step+from+Accession+to+Europe%27s+Chief+Rights+Body&rft.date=2024-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbalkaninsight.com%2F2024%2F04%2F16%2Fvote-puts-kosovo-one-step-from-accession-to-europes-chief-rights-body%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pace.coe.int/en/aplist/countries/65/assembly-of-kosovo-">"Assembly of Kosovo*"</a>. <i>PACE</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PACE&rft.atitle=Assembly+of+Kosovo%2A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpace.coe.int%2Fen%2Faplist%2Fcountries%2F65%2Fassembly-of-kosovo-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=XK">"Population of Kosovo"</a>. 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+of+Kosovo&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSP.POP.TOTL%3Flocations%3DXK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=22499&lang=en">"The situation in Kosovo* and the role of the Council of Europe"</a>. <i>PACE website</i>. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PACE+website&rft.atitle=The+situation+in+Kosovo%2A+and+the+role+of+the+Council+of+Europe&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fassembly.coe.int%2Fnw%2Fxml%2FXRef%2FXref-XML2HTML-en.asp%3Ffileid%3D22499%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://pace.coe.int/en/aplist/countries/10/cyprus">https://pace.coe.int/en/aplist/countries/10/cyprus</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammet_İkbal_Arslan2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Muhammet İkbal Arslan (2022-10-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/kktcnin-nufusu-382-bin-836-olarak-hesaplandi/2707690">"KKTC'nin nüfusu 382 bin 836 olarak hesaplandı"</a> (in Turkish). Anadolu Agency.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KKTC%27nin+n%C3%BCfusu+382+bin+836+olarak+hesapland%C4%B1&rft.pub=Anadolu+Agency&rft.date=2022-10-10&rft.au=Muhammet+%C4%B0kbal+Arslan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Ftr%2Fdunya%2Fkktcnin-nufusu-382-bin-836-olarak-hesaplandi%2F2707690&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610221152/http://www.ktto.net/newsletter/april201307.html">"Turkish Cypriot Chamber of Commerce"</a>. <i>ktto.net</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ktto.net/newsletter/april201307.html">the original</a> on 2015-06-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ktto.net&rft.atitle=Turkish+Cypriot+Chamber+of+Commerce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktto.net%2Fnewsletter%2Fapril201307.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150221182832/http://www.assembly.coe.int//Main.asp?link=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assembly.coe.int%2FDocuments%2FAdoptedText%2FTA97%2FERES1113.HTM">"Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly"</a>. <i>coe.int</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assembly.coe.int//Main.asp?link=http://www.assembly.coe.int/Documents/AdoptedText/TA97/ERES1113.HTM">the original</a> on 2015-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=coe.int&rft.atitle=Council+of+Europe+Parliamentary+Assembly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assembly.coe.int%2F%2FMain.asp%3Flink%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.assembly.coe.int%2FDocuments%2FAdoptedText%2FTA97%2FERES1113.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140307155611/http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=%2FDocuments%2FAdoptedText%2Fta04%2FERES1376.htm">"Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly"</a>. <i>coe.int</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta04/ERES1376.htm">the original</a> on 2014-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=coe.int&rft.atitle=Council+of+Europe+Parliamentary+Assembly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fassembly.coe.int%2FMain.asp%3Flink%3D%2FDocuments%2FAdoptedText%2Fta04%2FERES1376.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Ker-Lindsay, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4PwmeRG9QsUC"><i>The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States</i></a>, p. 149: "... despite strong opposition from the Cypriot government, the Turkish Cypriot community was awarded observer status in the PACE"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rm.coe.int/assembly-list-2023-first-part-session-annuaire-de-l-assemblee-2023-pre/1680aa17e6/Annuaire_avr_2024.pdf">"Assembly List 2024 - Second part-session"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. PACE<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assembly+List+2024+-+Second+part-session&rft.pub=PACE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frm.coe.int%2Fassembly-list-2023-first-part-session-annuaire-de-l-assemblee-2023-pre%2F1680aa17e6%2FAnnuaire_avr_2024.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <i>Le Conseil de l'Europe</i>, Jean-Louis Burban, publisher <a href="/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Presses universitaires de France">PUF</a>, collection « <a href="/wiki/Que_sais-je_%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="Que sais-je ?">Que sais-je ?</a> », n° 885.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonaldSpeck2021" class="citation journal cs1">Donald, Alice; Speck, Anne-Katrin (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929091741/https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/33283/1/20210510_ECHRLR_Time-for-gloves-to-come-off_rev3.pdf">"Time for the Gloves to Come Off?: The Response by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe to Rule of Law Backsliding"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>European Convention on Human Rights Law Review</i>. <b>2</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">241–</span>273. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F26663236-bja10025">10.1163/26663236-bja10025</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2666-3228">2666-3228</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:238728616">238728616</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/33283/1/20210510_ECHRLR_Time-for-gloves-to-come-off_rev3.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2022-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Convention+on+Human+Rights+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Time+for+the+Gloves+to+Come+Off%3F%3A+The+Response+by+the+Parliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe+to+Rule+of+Law+Backsliding&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E241-%3C%2Fspan%3E273&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A238728616%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2666-3228&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F26663236-bja10025&rft.aulast=Donald&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft.au=Speck%2C+Anne-Katrin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.mdx.ac.uk%2F33283%2F1%2F20210510_ECHRLR_Time-for-gloves-to-come-off_rev3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assembly.coe.int/">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Council_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Council_of_Europe" title="Template:Council of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Council_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Council of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Council_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Council of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Council_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Secretary General of the Council of Europe">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Ministers_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe">Committee of Ministers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Council_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the Council of Europe">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">Court of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Commissioner for Human Rights">Commissioner for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission_for_the_Efficiency_of_Justice" title="European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice">Commission for the Efficiency of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission_against_Racism_and_Intolerance" title="European Commission against Racism and Intolerance">Commission against Racism and Intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice_Commission" title="Venice Commission">Venice Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompidou_Group" title="Pompidou Group">Pompidou Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Member states of the Council of Europe">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Armenia in the Council of Europe">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Azerbaijan in the Council of Europe">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Greece in the Council of Europe">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Council of Europe–European Union relations">EU relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia (1991–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Russia in the Council of Europe">Russia (1996–2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saar_Protectorate" title="Saar Protectorate">Saar (assoc. 1950–1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939743#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109445768">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155361876">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/544299/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/26512-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80056975">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11863310s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11863310s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35668475">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rada Evropy. Parlamentní shromáždění"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20010711372&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90684184">Norway</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99060063">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000009156&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000149132&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=218103">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/42gjgs6n4tc1x96">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810690930705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/81074">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007260167305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Council of Europe. 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