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aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Uses subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culinary_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Culinary use </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Religious use </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Christianity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Judaism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extraction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extraction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Extraction </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Extraction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Extraction subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Extraction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_Levant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Levant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Ancient Levant </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Levant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pomace_handling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pomace_handling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Pomace handling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pomace_handling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Global market </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Global_market-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Global market subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Global_market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Production </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_consumption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_consumption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Global consumption </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_consumption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Regulation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regulation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Regulation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commercial_grades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_grades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Commercial grades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_grades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_Olive_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Olive_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 International Olive Council </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Olive_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.2 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Label_wording" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Label_wording"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Label wording </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Label_wording-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adulteration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adulteration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Adulteration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adulteration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quality_control_and_fraud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quality_control_and_fraud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Quality control and fraud </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quality_control_and_fraud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mislabeling_and_adulteration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mislabeling_and_adulteration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Mislabeling and adulteration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mislabeling_and_adulteration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EU_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EU_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 EU response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EU_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_on_the_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_on_the_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Impact on the industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_on_the_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constituents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constituents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Constituents </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Constituents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Constituents subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Constituents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comparison_to_other_vegetable_oils" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_to_other_vegetable_oils"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Comparison to other vegetable oils </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_to_other_vegetable_oils-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phenolic_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phenolic_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Phenolic composition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phenolic_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Nutrition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Potential_health_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potential_health_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Potential health effects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Potential_health_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Olive oil</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 93 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" > 93 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="زيت الزيتون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زيت الزيتون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceite_d%27oliva" title="Aceite d'oliva – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Aceite d'oliva" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%AB_%D5%B1%D5%A7%D5%A9" title="Ձիթապտուղի ձէթ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ձիթապտուղի ձէթ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untulemnu_di_masinu" title="Untulemnu di masinu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Untulemnu di masinu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceite_d%27oliva" title="Aceite d'oliva – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aceite d'oliva" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeytun_ya%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Zeytun yağı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zeytun yağı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%99%D0%B9%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B" title="Зәйтүн майы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Зәйтүн майы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Аліўкавы алей – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аліўкавы алей" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Аліўкавы алей – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аліўкавы алей" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Зехтин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зехтин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslinovo_ulje" title="Maslinovo ulje – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Maslinovo ulje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oli_d%27oliva" title="Oli d'oliva – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oli d'oliva" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana_sa_oliba" title="Lana sa oliba – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Lana sa oliba" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivov%C3%BD_olej" title="Olivový olej – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Olivový olej" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivenolie" title="Olivenolie – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Olivenolie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliven%C3%B6l" title="Olivenöl – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Olivenöl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliivi%C3%B5li" title="Oliiviõli – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Oliiviõli" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%BF" title="Ελαιόλαδο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελαιόλαδο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceite_de_oliva" title="Aceite de oliva – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aceite de oliva" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliv-oleo" title="Oliv-oleo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oliv-oleo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeiti_d%27oliva" title="Azeiti d'oliva – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Azeiti d'oliva" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliba_olio" title="Oliba olio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oliba olio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%86_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="روغن زیتون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روغن زیتون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huile_d%27olive" title="Huile d'olive – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Huile d'olive" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceite_de_oliva" title="Aceite de oliva – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aceite de oliva" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1m-l%C3%A1m-y%C3%B9" title="Kám-lám-yù – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kám-lám-yù" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%AC%EB%A6%AC%EB%B8%8C%EC%9C%A0" title="올리브유 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="올리브유" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%AB_%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2" title="Ձիթապտղի յուղ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ձիթապտղի յուղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="जैतून का तेल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जैतून का तेल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslinovo_ulje" title="Maslinovo ulje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Maslinovo ulje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivoleo" title="Olivoleo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Olivoleo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_zaitun" title="Minyak zaitun – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Minyak zaitun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleo_de_oliva" title="Oleo de oliva – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Oleo de oliva" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93l%C3%ADfuol%C3%ADa" title="Ólífuolía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ólífuolía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olio_di_oliva" title="Olio di oliva – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Olio di oliva" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA" title="שמן זית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שמן זית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_ja%C3%A9tun" title="Lenga jaétun – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lenga jaétun" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86" title="ಆಲಿವ್ ಎಣ್ಣೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಲಿವ್ ಎಣ್ಣೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ზეითუნის ზეთი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზეითუნის ზეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%97%D9%86_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%96%D9%84" title="زیتوٗن تیٖل – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="زیتوٗن تیٖل" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%99%D0%B9%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B" title="Зәйтүн майы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Зәйтүн майы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amavuta_ya_Elayo" title="Amavuta ya Elayo – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Amavuta ya Elayo" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleum" title="Oleum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oleum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol%C4%ABve%C4%BC%C4%BCa" title="Olīveļļa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Olīveļļa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alyvuogi%C5%B3_aliejus" title="Alyvuogių aliejus – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alyvuogių aliejus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olio_de_oliva" title="Olio de oliva – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Olio de oliva" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliivuvoi" title="Oliivuvoi – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Oliivuvoi" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol%C3%ADvaolaj" title="Olívaolaj – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Olívaolaj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Маслиново масло – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Маслиново масло" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menaka_oliva" title="Menaka oliva – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Menaka oliva" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3" title="ഒലിവെണ്ണ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഒലിവെണ്ണ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="ऑलिव्ह तेल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऑलिव्ह तेल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%B2%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="زيت زتون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زيت زتون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_zaitun" title="Minyak zaitun – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Minyak zaitun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_zaitun" title="Minyak zaitun – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Minyak zaitun" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B6%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE" title="သံလွင်ဆီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သံလွင်ဆီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olijfolie" title="Olijfolie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Olijfolie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB" title="オリーブ・オイル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オリーブ・オイル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uoglio_%27e_auliva" title="Uoglio 'e auliva – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Uoglio 'e auliva" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivenolje" title="Olivenolje – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Olivenolje" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivenolje" title="Olivenolje – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Olivenolje" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92li_d%27oliva" title="Òli d'oliva – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Òli d'oliva" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaytun_moyi" title="Zaytun moyi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Zaytun moyi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliven%C3%B6%C3%B6l" title="Olivenööl – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Olivenööl" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olej_oliwkowy" title="Olej oliwkowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Olej oliwkowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeite" title="Azeite – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Azeite" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulei_de_m%C4%83sline" title="Ulei de măsline – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ulei de măsline" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Оливковое масло – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оливковое масло" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="जिततैलम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जिततैलम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozu_de_ol%C3%ACa" title="Ozu de olìa – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ozu de olìa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaji_i_ullirit" title="Vaji i ullirit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vaji i ullirit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="ඔලිව් තෙල් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඔලිව් තෙල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Olive oil" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivov%C3%BD_olej" title="Olivový olej – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Olivový olej" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olj%C4%8Dno_olje" title="Oljčno olje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Oljčno olje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%83%D1%99%D0%B5" title="Маслиново уље – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Маслиново уље" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslinovo_ulje" title="Maslinovo ulje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Maslinovo ulje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliivi%C3%B6ljy" title="Oliiviöljy – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oliiviöljy" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivolja" title="Olivolja – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Olivolja" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langis_ng_oliba" title="Langis ng oliba – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Langis ng oliba" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Liquid fat made from olives</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Popeye character, see <a href="/wiki/Olive_Oyl" title="Olive Oyl">Olive Oyl</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Olive oil</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Oliven_V1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Oliven_V1.jpg/250px-Oliven_V1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Oliven_V1.jpg/375px-Oliven_V1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Oliven_V1.jpg/500px-Oliven_V1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2988" data-file-height="2790" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Extra virgin olive oil presented with green and black preserved table olives</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Fat composition</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed"><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">Saturated fats</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total saturated</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Palmitic_acid" title="Palmitic acid">Palmitic acid</a>: 13.0% <a href="/wiki/Stearic_acid" title="Stearic acid">Stearic acid</a>: 1.5%</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed"><a href="/wiki/Unsaturated_fat" title="Unsaturated fat">Unsaturated fats</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total unsaturated</th><td class="infobox-data">> 85%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat" title="Monounsaturated fat">Monounsaturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oleic_acid" title="Oleic acid">Oleic acid</a>: 70.0% <a href="/wiki/Palmitoleic_acid" title="Palmitoleic acid">Palmitoleic acid</a>: 0.3–3.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fat" title="Polyunsaturated fat">Polyunsaturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Linoleic_acid" title="Linoleic acid">Linoleic acid</a>: 15.0% <a href="/wiki/Alpha-Linolenic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Linolenic acid">α-Linolenic acid</a>: 0.5%</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Food energy</a> per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th><td class="infobox-data">3,700 kJ (880 kcal)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">−6.0 °C (21.2 °F)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">299 °C (570 °F)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Smoke_point" title="Smoke point">Smoke point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">190–215 °C (374–419 °F) (extra virgin)<a href="#cite_note-sgray-1">[1]</a> 215 °C (419 °F) (virgin)<a href="#cite_note-alzaa-2">[2]</a> 210 °C (410 °F) (refined)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Solidity at 20 °C (68 °F)</th><td class="infobox-data">Liquid</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific gravity">Specific gravity</a> at 20 °C (68 °F)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.911<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Viscosity" title="Viscosity">Viscosity</a> at 20 °C (68 °F)</th><td class="infobox-data">84 <a href="/wiki/Poise_(unit)" title="Poise (unit)">cP</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Refractive_index" title="Refractive index">Refractive index</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.4677–1.4705 (virgin and refined) 1.4680–1.4707 (pomace)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Iodine_value" title="Iodine value">Iodine value</a></th><td class="infobox-data">75–94 (virgin and refined) 75–92 (pomace)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Acid_value" title="Acid value">Acid value</a></th><td class="infobox-data">maximum: 6.6%[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">inconsistent</a>](refined and pomace) 0.8% (extra virgin)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Saponification_value" title="Saponification value">Saponification value</a></th><td class="infobox-data">184–196 (virgin and refined) 182–193 (pomace)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Peroxide_value" title="Peroxide value">Peroxide value</a></th><td class="infobox-data">20 (virgin) 10 (refined and pomace)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article contains <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">special characters</a>. Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a>.</div></div> </div> Olive oil is a <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">liquid fat</a> obtained by pressing whole <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olives</a>, the fruit of Olea europaea, a traditional <a href="/wiki/Tree_fruit" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree fruit">tree crop</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Basin">Mediterranean Basin</a>, and extracting the oil. It is commonly used in cooking for frying foods, as a condiment, or as a <a href="/wiki/Salad_dressing" title="Salad dressing">salad dressing</a>. It can also be found in some <a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">cosmetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceuticals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceuticals">pharmaceuticals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soap" title="Soap">soaps</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fuel" title="Fuel">fuels</a> for traditional <a href="/wiki/Oil_lamp" title="Oil lamp">oil lamps</a>. It also has additional uses in some religions. The olive is one of three core food plants in <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean cuisine</a>, together with wheat and grapes. Olive trees have been cultivated around the Mediterranean since the 8th millennium BC. In 2022, Spain was the world's largest producer, manufacturing 24% of the world total. Other large producers were Italy, Greece, and Turkey, collectively accounting for 59% of the global market.<a href="#cite_note-faostat-4">[4]</a> The composition of olive oil varies with the <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivar</a>, altitude, time of harvest, and extraction process. It consists mainly of <a href="/wiki/Oleic_acid" title="Oleic acid">oleic acid</a> (up to 83%), with smaller amounts of other <a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">fatty acids</a> including <a href="/wiki/Linoleic_acid" title="Linoleic acid">linoleic acid</a> (up to 21%) and <a href="/wiki/Palmitic_acid" title="Palmitic acid">palmitic acid</a> (up to 20%). Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is required to have no more than 0.8% <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil_acidity" title="Olive oil acidity">free acidity</a>, and is considered to have favorable flavor characteristics. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Olive oil has long been a common ingredient in <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean cuisine</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">ancient Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_ancient_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of ancient Rome">Roman cuisine</a>. Wild olives, which originated in <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>, were collected by <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> people as early as the 8th millennium BC.<a href="#cite_note-Davidson,_s.v._Olives-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Besides food, olive oil has been used for religious <a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">rituals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicines</a>, as a <a href="/wiki/Fuel" title="Fuel">fuel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oil_lamp" title="Oil lamp">oil lamps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Making_soap" class="mw-redirect" title="Making soap">soap-making</a>, and skincare application.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Spartans</a> and other Greeks used oil to rub themselves while exercising in the <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(ancient_Greece)" title="Gymnasium (ancient Greece)">gymnasia</a>. From its beginnings early in the 7th century BC, the cosmetic use of olive oil quickly spread to all of the Hellenic city-states, together with athletes training in the nude, and lasted close to a thousand years despite its great expense.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Olive oil was also popular as a form of birth control; <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> in his <a href="/wiki/History_of_Animals" title="History of Animals">History of Animals</a> recommends applying a mixture of olive oil combined with either oil of <a href="/wiki/Cedrus" title="Cedrus">cedar</a>, ointment of <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>, or ointment of <a href="/wiki/Frankincense" title="Frankincense">frankincense</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Cervix" title="Cervix">cervix</a> to prevent pregnancy.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_cultivation">Early cultivation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early cultivation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Klazomenai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Klazomenai.jpg/250px-Klazomenai.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Klazomenai.jpg/330px-Klazomenai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Klazomenai.jpg/500px-Klazomenai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="883" /></a><figcaption>Ancient Greek olive oil production workshop in <a href="/wiki/Klazomenai" title="Klazomenai">Klazomenai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a> (modern Turkey)</figcaption></figure> It is not clear when and where olive trees were first domesticated. The modern olive tree may have originated in ancient Persia and <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> and spread to the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> and later to <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, though some scholars argue for an Egyptian origin.<a href="#cite_note-review-10">[10]</a> The olive tree reached Greece, <a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> sometime in the <a href="/wiki/28th_century_BC" title="28th century BC">28th century BC</a>, having been spread westward by the <a href="/wiki/Phoenicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenicians">Phoenicians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-review-10">[10]</a> Until around 1500 BC, eastern coastal areas of the Mediterranean were most heavily cultivated.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Evidence also suggests that olives were being grown in <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> as long ago as 2500 BC. The earliest surviving olive oil <a href="/wiki/Amphora" title="Amphora">amphorae</a> date to 3500 BC (<a href="/wiki/Early_Minoan" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Minoan">Early Minoan</a> times), though the production of olive oil is assumed to have started before 4000 BC.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Olive trees were certainly cultivated by the <a href="/wiki/Late_Minoan" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Minoan">Late Minoan</a> period (1500 BC) in Crete, and perhaps as early as the Early Minoan.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The cultivation of olive trees in Crete became particularly intense in the post-palatial period and played an important role in the island's economy, as it did across the Mediterranean.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Later, as Greek colonies were established in other parts of the Mediterranean, olive farming was introduced to places like <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and continued to spread throughout the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-review-10">[10]</a> Olive trees were introduced to the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> in the 16th century, when cultivation began in areas with a climate similar to the Mediterranean, such as Chile, Argentina, and <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-review-10">[10]</a> Recent <a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic studies">genetic studies</a> suggest that species used by modern cultivators descend from multiple wild populations, but detailed history of domestication is unknown.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trade_and_production">Trade and production</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Trade and production">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey.Bodrum042.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Turkey.Bodrum042.jpg/250px-Turkey.Bodrum042.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Turkey.Bodrum042.jpg/330px-Turkey.Bodrum042.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Turkey.Bodrum042.jpg/500px-Turkey.Bodrum042.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Ancient oil press (Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology, Bodrum, Turkey)</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_evidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological evidence">Archaeological evidence</a> in <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> shows that by 6000 BC olives were being turned into olive oil<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> and in 4500 BC at a now-submerged prehistoric settlement south of <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Olive trees and oil production in the Eastern Mediterranean can be traced to archives of the ancient city-state <a href="/wiki/Ebla" title="Ebla">Ebla</a> (2600–2240 BC), which were located on the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>. Here some dozen documents dated 2400 BC describe the lands of the king and the queen. These belonged to a library of clay tablets perfectly preserved by having been baked in the fire that destroyed the palace. A later source is the frequent mentions of oil in the <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ucsc1-17">[17]</a> Dynastic <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptians</a> before 2000 BC imported olive oil from Crete, Syria and <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a>, and oil was an important item of commerce and wealth. Remains of olive oil have been found in jugs over 4,000 years old in a tomb on the island of <a href="/wiki/Naxos_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Naxos Island">Naxos</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sinuhe" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinuhe">Sinuhe</a>, the Egyptian exile who lived in northern Canaan c.1960 BC, wrote of abundant olive trees.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The Minoans used olive oil in religious ceremonies. The oil became a principal product of the <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan civilization</a>, where it is thought to have represented wealth.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Olive oil was also a major export of <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean Greece</a> (c. 1450–1150 BC).<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-review-10">[10]</a> Scholars believe the oil was made by a process where olives were placed in woven mats and squeezed. The oil was collected in vats. This process was known from the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, was used by the Egyptians, and continued to be used through the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a>.<a href="#cite_note-review-10">[10]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olive_Press_in_Pompeji.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Olive_Press_in_Pompeji.JPG/220px-Olive_Press_in_Pompeji.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Olive_Press_in_Pompeji.JPG/330px-Olive_Press_in_Pompeji.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Olive_Press_in_Pompeji.JPG/440px-Olive_Press_in_Pompeji.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Olive crusher (trapetum) in Pompeii (79 AD)</figcaption></figure> The importance of olive oil as a commercial commodity increased after the Roman conquest of Egypt, Greece and Asia Minor led to more trade along the Mediterranean. Olive trees were planted throughout the entire Mediterranean basin during evolution of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Empire</a>. According to the historian <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, Italy had "excellent olive oil at reasonable prices" by the 1st century AD—"the best in the Mediterranean".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] As olive production expanded in the 5th century AD the Romans began to employ more sophisticated production techniques such as the <a href="/wiki/Olive_press" class="mw-redirect" title="Olive press">olive press</a> and trapetum (pictured left).<a href="#cite_note-review-10">[10]</a> Many ancient presses still exist in the Eastern Mediterranean region, and some dating to the Roman period are still in use today.<a href="#cite_note-ceipac_ub-21">[21]</a> Productivity was greatly improved by Joseph Graham's development of the <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic">hydraulic</a> pressing system in 1795.<a href="#cite_note-review-10">[10]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Manufacture_of_Oil_drawn_and_engraved_by_J_Amman_in_the_Sixteenth_Century.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/The_Manufacture_of_Oil_drawn_and_engraved_by_J_Amman_in_the_Sixteenth_Century.png/250px-The_Manufacture_of_Oil_drawn_and_engraved_by_J_Amman_in_the_Sixteenth_Century.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/The_Manufacture_of_Oil_drawn_and_engraved_by_J_Amman_in_the_Sixteenth_Century.png/330px-The_Manufacture_of_Oil_drawn_and_engraved_by_J_Amman_in_the_Sixteenth_Century.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/The_Manufacture_of_Oil_drawn_and_engraved_by_J_Amman_in_the_Sixteenth_Century.png/500px-The_Manufacture_of_Oil_drawn_and_engraved_by_J_Amman_in_the_Sixteenth_Century.png 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="905" /></a><figcaption>The Manufacture of Oil, 16th-century engraving by <a href="/wiki/Jost_Amman" title="Jost Amman">Jost Amman</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symbolism_and_mythology">Symbolism and mythology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Symbolism and mythology">edit</a>]</div> The olive tree has historically been a symbol of peace between nations. It has played a religious and social role in <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, especially concerning the city of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Athens">Athens</a>, named after the goddess <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> because her gift of an olive tree was held to be more precious than rival <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a>'s gift of a salt spring.<a href="#cite_note-review-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Varieties">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_olive_cultivars" title="List of olive cultivars">List of olive cultivars</a></div> There are many <a href="/wiki/List_of_olive_cultivars" title="List of olive cultivars">olive cultivars</a>, each with a particular flavor, texture, and shelf life that make them more or less suitable for different applications, such as direct human consumption on bread or in salads, indirect consumption in domestic cooking or catering, or industrial uses such as animal feed or engineering applications.<a href="#cite_note-ucdavis1-22">[22]</a> During the stages of maturity, olive fruit changes color from green to violet, and then black. Olive oil taste characteristics depend on the stage of ripeness at which olive fruits are collected.<a href="#cite_note-ucdavis1-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Uses">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culinary_use">Culinary use</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Culinary use">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vinegar_%26_Oil.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Vinegar_%26_Oil.JPG/250px-Vinegar_%26_Oil.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Vinegar_%26_Oil.JPG/330px-Vinegar_%26_Oil.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Vinegar_%26_Oil.JPG/500px-Vinegar_%26_Oil.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">Vinegar</a> and olive oil</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artisan_bread_with_olive_oil_and_salt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Artisan_bread_with_olive_oil_and_salt.jpg/220px-Artisan_bread_with_olive_oil_and_salt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Artisan_bread_with_olive_oil_and_salt.jpg/330px-Artisan_bread_with_olive_oil_and_salt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Artisan_bread_with_olive_oil_and_salt.jpg/440px-Artisan_bread_with_olive_oil_and_salt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Olive oil served with bread</figcaption></figure> Olive oil is an important <a href="/wiki/Cooking_oil" title="Cooking oil">cooking oil</a> in countries surrounding the Mediterranean, and it forms one of the three staple food plants of <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean cuisine</a>, the other two being wheat (as in <a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">pasta</a>, bread, and <a href="/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous">couscous</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grape</a>, used as a dessert fruit and for wine.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Extra virgin olive oil is mostly used raw as a condiment and as an ingredient in <a href="/wiki/Salad_dressings" class="mw-redirect" title="Salad dressings">salad dressings</a>. If uncompromised by heat, the flavor is stronger. It also can be used for <a href="/wiki/Saut%C3%A9ing" title="Sautéing">sautéing</a>. When extra virgin olive oil is heated above 210–216 °C (410–421 °F), depending on its free fatty acid content, the unrefined particles within the oil are burned. This leads to deteriorated taste. Refined olive oils are suited for <a href="/wiki/Deep_frying" title="Deep frying">deep frying</a> because of the higher <a href="/wiki/Smoke_point" title="Smoke point">smoke point</a> and milder flavour.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Extra virgin oils have a smoke point around 180–215 °C (356–419 °F),<a href="#cite_note-sgray-1">[1]</a> with higher-quality oils having a higher smoke point,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> whereas refined light olive oil has a smoke point up to 230 °C (446 °F).<a href="#cite_note-sgray-1">[1]</a> That they can be used for deep frying is contrary to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_common_misconceptions" title="List of common misconceptions">common misconception</a> that there are no olive oils with a smoke point as high as many other <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">vegetable oils</a>. In the misconception, heating at these high heats is theorised to impact taste or nutrition.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_use">Religious use</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Religious use">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Christianity">Christianity</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Christianity">edit</a>]</div> The Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Anglican churches use olive oil for the <a href="/wiki/Oil_of_catechumens" title="Oil of catechumens">oil of catechumens</a> (used to bless and strengthen those preparing for baptism) and oil of the sick (used to confer the Sacrament of <a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">anointing of the sick</a> or extreme unction). Olive oil mixed with a perfuming agent such as <a href="/wiki/Balsam_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Balsam of Mecca">balsam</a> is <a href="/wiki/Consecrated" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecrated">consecrated</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishops</a> as sacred <a href="/wiki/Chrism" title="Chrism">chrism</a>, which is used to confer the sacrament of <a href="/wiki/Confirmation_(sacrament)" class="mw-redirect" title="Confirmation (sacrament)">confirmation</a> (as a symbol of the strengthening of the Holy Spirit), in the rites of <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Orders">ordination</a> of <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priests</a> and bishops, in the consecration of <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">churches</a>, and, traditionally, in the anointing of monarchs at their <a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">coronation</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Christians</a> still use oil lamps in their churches, home prayer corners, and cemeteries. A vigil lamp consists of a votive glass filled with olive oil, floating on a half-inch of water. The glass has a metal holder that hangs from a bracket on the wall or sits on a table. A cork float with a lit wick floats on the oil. To douse the flame, the float is carefully pressed down into the oil. Makeshift oil lamps can easily be made by soaking a ball of cotton in olive oil and forming it into a peak. The peak is lit and then burns until all the oil is consumed, whereupon the rest of the cotton burns out. Olive oil is a usual offering to churches and cemeteries. <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> uses virgin olive oil that has been blessed by the priesthood for anointing the sick.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judaism">Judaism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Judaism">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> observance, olive oil was the only fuel allowed to be used in the seven-branched <a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Temple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Temple)">menorah</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mishkan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mishkan">Mishkan</a> service during <a href="/wiki/The_Exodus" title="The Exodus">the Exodus</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_of_Israel" title="Twelve Tribes of Israel">Tribes of Israel</a> from <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Egypt" title="Biblical Egypt">Egypt</a>, and later in the permanent <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in Jerusalem</a>. It was obtained by using only the first drop from a squeezed olive and was consecrated for use only in the Temple by the priests and stored in special containers. In modern times, although candles can be used to light the <a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Hanukkah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Hanukkah)">menorah at Hanukkah</a>, oil containers are preferred, to imitate the original menorah.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In Judaism of Ancient Israel, olive oil was also used to prepare the <a href="/wiki/Holy_anointing_oil" title="Holy anointing oil">holy anointing oil</a> used for priests, kings, prophets, and others.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> Olive oil is also a natural and safe <a href="/wiki/Lubricant" title="Lubricant">lubricant</a>, and can be used to lubricate kitchen machinery (grinders, blenders, cookware, etc.). It can also be used for illumination (oil lamps) or as the base for soaps and detergents.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Some cosmetics also use olive oil as their base,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> and it can be used as a substitute for machine oil.<a href="#cite_note-smith1-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-uidaho1-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-ucanr-35">[35]</a> Olive oil has also been used as both solvent and ligand in the synthesis of cadmium selenide <a href="/wiki/Quantum_dot" title="Quantum dot">quantum dots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ranieri_Filo_della_Torre" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranieri Filo della Torre">Ranieri Filo della Torre</a> is an international literary prize for writings about extra virgin olive oil. It yearly honors poetry, fiction and non-fiction about extra virgin olive oil. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extraction">Extraction</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Extraction">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil_extraction" title="Olive oil extraction">Olive oil extraction</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Olive_oil" title="Special:EditPage/Olive oil">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2016) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cold_press_olive_oil_machine_at_Saba_Habib_in_Israel_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cold_press_olive_oil_machine_at_Saba_Habib_in_Israel_2.jpg/250px-Cold_press_olive_oil_machine_at_Saba_Habib_in_Israel_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cold_press_olive_oil_machine_at_Saba_Habib_in_Israel_2.jpg/330px-Cold_press_olive_oil_machine_at_Saba_Habib_in_Israel_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cold_press_olive_oil_machine_at_Saba_Habib_in_Israel_2.jpg/500px-Cold_press_olive_oil_machine_at_Saba_Habib_in_Israel_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3340" data-file-height="2504" /></a><figcaption>A cold press olive oil machine in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frantoio_Maraldi_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Frantoio_Maraldi_2.JPG/250px-Frantoio_Maraldi_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Frantoio_Maraldi_2.JPG/330px-Frantoio_Maraldi_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Frantoio_Maraldi_2.JPG/500px-Frantoio_Maraldi_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Olive oil mill</figcaption></figure> Olive oil is produced by grinding olives and extracting the oil by mechanical or chemical means. Green olives usually produce more bitter oil, and overripe olives can produce oil with fermentation defects, so for good olive oil care is taken to make sure the olives are perfectly ripe. The process is generally as follows: <ol><li>The olives are ground into paste using large millstones (traditional method), hammer, blade or disk mill (modern method).</li> <li>If ground with millstones, the olive paste generally stays under the stones for 30 to 40 minutes. A shorter grinding process may result in a more raw paste that produces less oil and has a less ripe taste, a longer process may increase oxidation of the paste and reduce the flavor. After grinding, the olive paste is spread on fiber disks, which are stacked on top of each other in a column, then placed into the press. Pressure is then applied onto the column to separate the vegetal liquid from the paste. This liquid still contains a significant amount of water. Traditionally the oil was shed from the water by gravity (oil is less dense than water). This very slow separation process has been replaced by centrifugation, which is much faster and more thorough. The centrifuges have one exit for the (heavier) watery part and one for the oil. Olive oil should not contain significant traces of vegetal water as this accelerates the process of organic degeneration by microorganisms. The separation in smaller oil mills is not always perfect, thus sometimes a small watery deposit containing organic particles can be found at the bottom of oil bottles.</li> <li>Modern grinders reduce the olives to paste in seconds. After grinding, the paste is stirred slowly for another 20 to 30 minutes in a particular container (malaxation), where the microscopic oil drops aggregate into bigger drops, which facilitates the mechanical extraction. The paste is then pressed by centrifugation/ the water is thereafter separated from the oil in a second centrifugation as described before.The oil produced by only physical (mechanical) means as described above is called virgin oil.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Extra virgin olive oil is virgin olive oil that satisfies specific high chemical and <a href="/wiki/Organoleptic" title="Organoleptic">organoleptic</a> criteria (low free acidity, no or very little organoleptic defects). A higher grade extra virgin olive oil is mostly dependent on favourable weather conditions; a drought during the flowering phase, for example, can result in a lower quality (virgin) oil. Olive trees produce well every couple of years, so greater harvests occur in alternate years (the year in-between is when the tree yields less). However the quality is still dependent on the weather.</li> <li>Sometimes the produced oil will be filtered to eliminate remaining solid particles that may reduce the shelf life of the product. Labels may indicate the fact that the oil has not been filtered, suggesting a different taste. Fresh <a href="/wiki/Unfiltered_olive_oil" title="Unfiltered olive oil">unfiltered olive oil</a> usually has a slightly cloudy appearance, and is therefore sometimes called cloudy olive oil. This form of olive oil used to be popular only among small scale producers but is now becoming "trendy", in line with consumer's demand for products that are perceived to be less processed. But generally, if not tasted or consumed soon after production, filtered olive oil should be preferred: "Some producers maintain that extra-virgin olive oils do not need filtration but also that filtration is detrimental to oil quality. This point of view should be considered as erroneous and probably the result of improper implementation of this operation. In fact, fine particles that are suspended in a virgin olive oil, even after the most effective centrifugal finishing, contain water and enzymes that may impair oil stability and ruin its sensory profile. ... Filtration makes an extra-virgin olive oil more stable and also more attractive. If the suspended particles are not removed they slowly agglomerate and flocculate, forming a deposit on the bottom of the storage containers. Such a deposit continues to be at risk of enzymatic spoilage and, in the worst case, of development of anaerobic micro-organisms with further spoilage and hygienic risk. ... It is ... recommended that filtration be carried out as soon as possible after centrifugal separation and finishing."<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Levant">Ancient Levant</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ancient Levant">edit</a>]</div> In the ancient <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>, three methods were used to produce different grades of olive oil.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> The finest oil was produced from fully developed and ripe olives harvested solely from the apex of the tree,<a href="#cite_note-ZAmar2015-40">[40]</a> and lightly pressed, "for what flows from light pressure is very sweet and very thin".<a href="#cite_note-Geoponica1805-41">[41]</a> The remaining olives are pressed with a heavier weight,<a href="#cite_note-Geoponica1805-41">[41]</a> and vary in ripeness.<a href="#cite_note-ZAmar2015-40">[40]</a> Inferior oil is produced from unripe olives that are stored for extended periods of time until they grow soft or begin to shrivel to become more fit for grinding.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Others are left for extended periods in pits in the ground to induce sweating and decay before they are ground.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Geoponica" title="Geoponica">Geoponica</a>, salt and a little <a href="/wiki/Niter" title="Niter">nitre</a> are added when oil is stored.<a href="#cite_note-Geoponica1805-41">[41]</a> In countries of the levant, a sharp-tasting green oil was sometimes extracted from unripe olives, known in medieval times as anpeqinon[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification needed</a>] (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: ὀμφάκιον, ὀμφάχινον; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: زيت الأنفاق), being a corruption of the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> words oleum omphacium and used in cuisine and in medicine.<a href="#cite_note-RFrankel1994-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Today, this oil is called "virgin oil" in English.<a href="#cite_note-RFrankel1994-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pomace_handling">Pomace handling</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Pomace handling">edit</a>]</div> The remaining semi-solid waste, called <a href="/wiki/Pomace" title="Pomace">pomace</a>, retains a small quantity (about 5–10%) of oil that cannot be extracted by further pressing, but only with chemical solvents. This is done in specialized chemical plants, not in the oil mills. The resulting oil is named <a href="/wiki/Olive_pomace_oil" title="Olive pomace oil">pomace oil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Berbel-47">[47]</a> Handling of olive waste is an environmental challenge because the <a href="/wiki/Wastewater" title="Wastewater">wastewater</a>, which amounts to millions of tons (billions of liters) annually in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, has low <a href="/wiki/Biodegradable" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodegradable">biodegradability</a>, is <a href="/wiki/Toxicity" title="Toxicity">toxic</a> to plants, and cannot be processed through conventional water treatment systems.<a href="#cite_note-Berbel-47">[47]</a> Traditionally, olive pomace would be used as <a href="/wiki/Compost" title="Compost">compost</a> or developed as a possible <a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">biofuel</a>, although these uses introduce concern due to chemicals present in the pomace.<a href="#cite_note-Berbel-47">[47]</a> A process called "valorization" of olive pomace is under research and development, consisting of additional processing to obtain value-added <a href="/wiki/Byproduct" class="mw-redirect" title="Byproduct">byproducts</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Animal_feed" title="Animal feed">animal feed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Food_additive" title="Food additive">food additives</a> for human products, and <a href="/wiki/Polyphenol" title="Polyphenol">phenolic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">fatty acid</a> <a href="/wiki/Extract" title="Extract">extracts</a> for potential human use.<a href="#cite_note-Berbel-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Global_market">Global market</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Global market">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production">Production</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; text-align:center; width:13em;"> <caption>Olive oil production 2022, tonnes </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>665,709 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>331,038 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>313,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>302,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></td> <td>235,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>189,423 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td>181,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>137,753 </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">World</div></td> <td>2,743,216 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Source: <a href="/wiki/FAOSTAT" class="mw-redirect" title="FAOSTAT">FAOSTAT</a> of the United Nations<a href="#cite_note-faostat-4">[4]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> In 2022, world production of olive oil was 2.7 million <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>, led by Spain with 24% of the total (table). Other major producers were Italy, Greece, and Turkey (table). <a href="/wiki/Villacarrillo" title="Villacarrillo">Villacarrillo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ja%C3%A9n_(Spain)" title="Province of Jaén (Spain)">Jaén</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andaluc%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalucía">Andalucía</a>, Spain is a center of olive oil production. Spain's olive oil production derives 75% from the region of <a href="/wiki/Andaluc%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalucía">Andalucía</a>, particularly within <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ja%C3%A9n_(Spain)" title="Province of Jaén (Spain)">Jaén province</a> which produces 70% of the olive oil in Spain.<a href="#cite_note-Villacarrillo-48">[48]</a> The world's largest olive oil <a href="/wiki/Mill_(grinding)" title="Mill (grinding)">mill</a> (almazara, in Spanish), capable of processing 2,500 tonnes of olives per day, is in the town of <a href="/wiki/Villacarrillo" title="Villacarrillo">Villacarrillo</a>, Jaén.<a href="#cite_note-Villacarrillo-48">[48]</a> Italian major producers are the regions of <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a> and, above all, <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a>. Many PDO and PGI extra-virgin olive oil are produced in these regions. Extra-virgin olive oil is also produced in <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>,<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> in cities including <a href="/wiki/Lucca" title="Lucca">Lucca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>, which are also included in the association of Città dell'Olio.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Italy imports about 65% of Spanish olive oil exports.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_consumption">Global consumption</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Global consumption">edit</a>]</div> Greece has by far the largest per capita consumption of olive oil worldwide, around 24 liters per year.<a href="#cite_note-DeAndreis-52">[52]</a> Consumption in Spain is 15 liters; Italy 13 liters;<a href="#cite_note-DeAndreis-52">[52]</a> and Israel, around 3 liters.<a href="#cite_note-IsraelConsumption-53">[53]</a> Canada consumes 1.5 liters and the US 1 liter.<a href="#cite_note-DeAndreis-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulation">Regulation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Regulation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil_regulation_and_adulteration" title="Olive oil regulation and adulteration">Olive oil regulation and adulteration</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/International_Olive_Council" title="International Olive Council">International Olive Council</a> (IOC) is an intergovernmental organisation of states that produce olives or products derived from olives, such as olive oil. The IOC officially governs 95% of international production and holds great influence over the rest. The EU regulates the use of different <a href="/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin" title="Protected designation of origin">protected designation of origin</a> labels for olive oils.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The United States is not a member of the IOC and is not subject to its authority, but on October 25, 2010, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a> adopted new voluntary olive oil grading standards that closely parallel those of the IOC, with some adjustments for the characteristics of olives grown in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> U.S. Customs regulations on "country of origin" state that if a non-origin nation is shown on the label, then the real origin must be shown on the same side of the label in letters of comparable size, so as not to mislead the consumer.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Yet most major U.S. brands continue to put "imported from Italy" on the front label in large letters and other origins on the back in very small print.<a href="#cite_note-false_olive_oil_labeling_pretending_to_be_made_in_Italy-58">[58]</a> "In fact, olive oil labeled 'Italian' often comes from Turkey, Tunisia, Morocco, Spain, and Greece."<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> This makes it unclear what percentage of the olive oil is really of Italian origin. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_grades">Commercial grades</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Commercial grades">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italian_olive_oil_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Italian_olive_oil_2007.jpg/120px-Italian_olive_oil_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Italian_olive_oil_2007.jpg/250px-Italian_olive_oil_2007.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="858" data-file-height="2781" /></a><figcaption>A bottle of Italian olive oil</figcaption></figure> All production begins by transforming the olive fruit into olive paste by crushing or pressing. This paste is <a href="/wiki/Malaxation" title="Malaxation">malaxed</a> (slowly churned or mixed) to allow the microscopic oil droplets to agglomerate. The oil is then separated from the watery matter and fruit pulp with the use of a press (traditional method) or <a href="/wiki/Centrifuge" title="Centrifuge">centrifugation</a> (modern method). The residue that remains after pressing or centrifugation can also produce a small amount of oil, called <a href="/wiki/Olive_mill_pomace" title="Olive mill pomace">pomace</a>. One parameter used to characterise an oil is its <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil_acidity" title="Olive oil acidity">acidity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> In this context, "acidity" is not <a href="/wiki/Acid#Acid_strength" title="Acid">chemical acidity</a> in the sense of <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a>, but the percent (measured by weight) of <a href="/wiki/Free_fatty_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Free fatty acids">free</a> <a href="/wiki/Oleic_acid" title="Oleic acid">oleic acid</a>. Olive oil acidity is a measure of the <a href="/wiki/Hydrolysis" title="Hydrolysis">hydrolysis</a> of the oil's triglycerides: as the oil degrades and becomes oxidized, more fatty acids are freed from the <a href="/wiki/Glyceride" title="Glyceride">glycerides</a>, increasing the level of free acidity and thereby increasing <a href="/wiki/Rancidification#Hydrolytic" title="Rancidification">hydrolytic rancidity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Rancidity not only impacts the taste and color but also its nutritional value.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Another measure of the oil's chemical degradation is the <a href="/wiki/Organic_peroxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic peroxide">peroxide value</a>,<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> which measures the degree to which the oil is <a href="/wiki/Oxidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidation">oxidized</a> by <a href="/wiki/Free_radicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Free radicals">free radicals</a>, leading to oxidative rancidity. <a href="/wiki/Phenolic_acid" title="Phenolic acid">Phenolic acids</a> present in olive oil also add acidic <a href="/wiki/Sensory_perception" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensory perception">sensory</a> properties to aroma and flavor.<a href="#cite_note-bendini-64">[64]</a> The grades of oil extracted from the olive fruit can be classified as: <ul><li>Virgin means the oil was produced by the use of mechanical means only, with no chemical treatment. The term virgin oil with reference to production method includes all grades of virgin olive oil, including extra virgin, virgin, ordinary virgin and Lampante virgin olive oil products, depending on quality (see below).</li> <li>Lampante virgin oil is olive oil extracted by virgin (mechanical) methods but not suitable for human consumption without further refining; "lampante" is the attributive form of "lampa", the Italian word for "lamp", referring to the use of such oil in <a href="/wiki/Oil_lamp" title="Oil lamp">oil lamps</a>. Lampante virgin oil can be used for industrial purposes, or refined (see below) to make it edible.<a href="#cite_note-auto-65">[65]</a></li> <li>Refined olive oil is the olive oil obtained from any grade of virgin olive oil by refining methods which do not lead to alterations in the initial glyceridic structure. The refining process removes color, odor and flavour from the olive oil, and leaves behind a very pure form of olive oil that is tasteless, colorless and odorless and extremely low in free fatty acids. Olive oils sold as the grades extra virgin olive oil and virgin olive oil therefore cannot contain any refined oil.<a href="#cite_note-auto-65">[65]</a></li> <li>Crude olive pomace oil is the oil obtained by treating olive pomace (the leftover paste after the pressing of olives for virgin olive oils) with solvents or other physical treatments, to the exclusion of oils obtained by re-esterification processes and of any mixture with oils of other kinds. It is then further refined into refined olive pomace oil and once re-blended with virgin olive oils for taste, is then known as olive pomace oil.<a href="#cite_note-auto-65">[65]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olio_prodotto_in_Liguria.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Olio_prodotto_in_Liguria.JPG/220px-Olio_prodotto_in_Liguria.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Olio_prodotto_in_Liguria.JPG/330px-Olio_prodotto_in_Liguria.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Olio_prodotto_in_Liguria.JPG/440px-Olio_prodotto_in_Liguria.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1826" data-file-height="2468" /></a><figcaption>Italian label for "extra vergine" oil</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_Olive_Council">International Olive Council</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: International Olive Council">edit</a>]</div> In countries that adhere to the standards of the <a href="/wiki/International_Olive_Council" title="International Olive Council">International Olive Council</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ioc-66">[66]</a> as well as in Australia, and under the voluntary <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> labeling standards in the United States: Extra virgin olive oil is the highest grade of virgin olive oil derived by <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil_extraction" title="Olive oil extraction">cold mechanical extraction</a> without use of <a href="/wiki/Solvent" title="Solvent">solvents</a> or refining methods.<a href="#cite_note-auto-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> It contains no more than 0.8% <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil_acidity" title="Olive oil acidity">free acidity</a>, and is judged to have a superior taste, having some fruitiness and no defined sensory defects.<a href="#cite_note-Prosodol-68">[68]</a> Extra virgin olive oil accounts for less than 10% of oil in many producing countries; the percentage is far higher in some Mediterranean countries. The International Olive Council requires the median of the fruity attribute to be higher than zero for a given olive oil in order to meet the criteria of extra virgin olive oil classification. Virgin olive oil is a lesser grade of virgin oil, with <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil_acidity" title="Olive oil acidity">free acidity</a> of up to 2.0%, and is judged to have a good taste, but may include some sensory defects. Refined olive oil is virgin oil that has been refined using charcoal and other chemical and physical filters, methods which do not alter the glyceridic structure. It has a free acidity, expressed as oleic acid, of not more than 0.3 grams per 100 grams (0.3%) and its other characteristics correspond to those fixed for this category in this standard. It is obtained by refining virgin oils to eliminate high acidity or organoleptic defects. Oils labeled as pure olive oil or olive oil are primarily refined olive oil, with a small addition of virgin for taste. <a href="/wiki/Olive_Pomace_Oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Olive Pomace Oil">Olive pomace oil</a> is refined pomace olive oil, often blended with some virgin oil. It is fit for consumption, but may not be described simply as olive oil. It has a more neutral flavor than pure or virgin olive oil, making it less desirable to users concerned with flavor; however, it has the same fat composition as regular olive oil, giving it the same health benefits. It also has a high smoke point, and consequently is widely used in restaurants as well as home cooking in some countries. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> The United States is not a member of the IOC and does not implement its grades, but on October 25, 2010, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> (USDA) established Standards for Grades of Olive Oil and Olive-Pomace Oil which closely parallel the IOC standards:<a href="#cite_note-usda2-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-usda-70">[70]</a> <ul><li>U.S. extra virgin olive oil for oil with excellent flavor and odor and <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil_acidity" title="Olive oil acidity">free fatty acid content</a> of not more than 0.8 g per 100 g (0.8%);</li> <li>U.S. virgin olive oil for oil with reasonably good flavor and odor and free fatty acid content of not more than 2 g per 100 g (2%);</li> <li>U.S. virgin olive oil Not Fit For Human Consumption Without Further Processing is a virgin (mechanically-extracted) olive oil of poor flavor and odor, equivalent to the IOC's lampante oil;</li> <li>U.S. olive oil is a mixture of virgin and refined oils;</li> <li>U.S. refined olive oil is an oil made from refined oils with some restrictions on the processing.</li></ul> These grades are voluntary. Certification is available, for a fee, from the USDA.<a href="#cite_note-usda-70">[70]</a> In 2014, California adopted a set of olive oil standards for olive oil made from California-grown olives. The California Department of Food and Agriculture Grade and Labeling Standards for Olive Oil, Refined-Olive Oil and Olive-Pomace Oil are mandatory for producers of more than 5,000 <a href="/wiki/US_gallon" class="mw-redirect" title="US gallon">gallons</a> of California olive oil. This joins other official state, federal and international olive oil standards.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Several olive producer associations, such as the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Olive_Oil_Association" title="North American Olive Oil Association">North American Olive Oil Association</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Olive_Oil_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="California Olive Oil Council (page does not exist)">California Olive Oil Council</a>, also offer grading and certification within the United States.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Oleologist Nicholas Coleman suggests that the California Olive Oil Council certification is the most stringent of the voluntary grading schemes in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-:0-74">[74]</a> Country of origin can be established by one or two letter country codes printed on the bottle or label. Country codes include I=Italy, GR=Greece, E=Spain, TU=Tunisia, MA=Morocco, CL=Chile, AG=Argentina, AU=Australia. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Label_wording">Label wording</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Label wording">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Different names for olive oil indicate the degree of processing the oil has undergone as well as the quality of the oil. Extra virgin olive oil is the highest grade available, followed by virgin olive oil. The word "virgin" indicates that the olives have been pressed to extract the oil; no heat or chemicals have been used during the extraction process, and the oil is pure and unrefined. Virgin olive oils contain the highest levels of <a href="/wiki/Polyphenol" title="Polyphenol">polyphenols</a>, antioxidants that have been linked with better health.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li> <li>Olive Oil, which is sometimes denoted as being "Made from refined and virgin olive oils" is a blend of refined olive oil with a virgin grade of olive oil.<a href="#cite_note-auto-65">[65]</a> Pure, Classic, Light and Extra-Light are terms introduced by manufacturers in countries that are non-traditional consumers of olive oil for these products to indicate both their composition of being only 100% olive oil, and also the varying strength of taste to consumers. Contrary to a common consumer belief, they do not have fewer calories than extra virgin oil as implied by the names.<a href="#cite_note-Bogle-76">[76]</a></li> <li>Cold pressed or Cold extraction means "that the oil was not heated over a certain temperature (usually 27 °C (80 °F)) during processing, thus retaining more nutrients and undergoing less degradation".<a href="#cite_note-pomace-77">[77]</a> The difference between Cold Extraction and Cold Pressed is regulated in Europe, where the use of a centrifuge, the modern method of extraction for large quantities, must be labelled as Cold Extracted, while only a physically pressed olive oil may be labelled as Cold Pressed. In many parts of the world, such as Australia, producers using centrifugal extraction still label their products as Cold Pressed.</li> <li>First cold pressed means "that the fruit of the olive was crushed exactly one time – i.e., the first press. The cold refers to the temperature range of the fruit at the time it is crushed".<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In Calabria (Italy) the olives are collected in October. In regions like Tuscany or Liguria, the olives collected in November and ground, often at night, are too cold to be processed efficiently without heating. The paste is regularly heated above the environmental temperatures, which may be as low as 10–15 °C, to extract the oil efficiently with only physical means. Olives pressed in warm regions like Southern Italy or Northern Africa may be pressed at significantly higher temperatures although not heated. While it is important that the pressing temperatures be as low as possible (generally below 25 °C) there is no international reliable definition of "cold pressed". Furthermore, there is no "second" press of virgin oil, so the term "first press" means only that the oil was produced in a press vs. other possible methods.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin" title="Protected designation of origin">Protected designation of origin</a> (PDO) and <a href="/wiki/Protected_geographical_indication" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected geographical indication">protected geographical indication</a> (PGI) refer to olive oils with "exceptional properties and quality derived from their place of origin as well as from the way of their production".<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li>The label may indicate that the oil was bottled or packed in a stated country. This does not necessarily mean that the oil was produced there. The origin of the oil may sometimes be marked elsewhere on the label; it may be a mixture of oils from more than one country.<a href="#cite_note-false_olive_oil_labeling_pretending_to_be_made_in_Italy-58">[58]</a></li> <li>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration permitted a claim on olive oil labels stating: "Limited and not conclusive scientific evidence suggests that eating about two tablespoons (23 g) of olive oil daily may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease."<a href="#cite_note-Drummond-80">[80]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adulteration">Adulteration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Adulteration">edit</a>]</div> There have been allegations, particularly in Italy and Spain, that regulation can be sometimes lax and corrupt.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Major shippers are claimed to routinely adulterate olive oil so that only about 40% of olive oil sold as "extra virgin" in Italy actually meets the specification.<a href="#cite_note-Mueller-82">[82]</a> In some cases, <a href="/wiki/Colza_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Colza oil">colza oil</a> (extracted from <a href="/wiki/Rapeseed" title="Rapeseed">rapeseed</a>) with added color and flavor has been labeled and sold as olive oil.<a href="#cite_note-eubusiness-83">[83]</a> This extensive fraud prompted the Italian government to mandate a new labeling law in 2007 for companies selling olive oil, under which every bottle of Italian olive oil would have to declare the farm and press on which it was produced, as well as display a precise breakdown of the oils used, for blended oils.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph-84">[84]</a> In February 2008, however, EU officials took issue with the new law, stating that under EU rules such labeling should be voluntary rather than compulsory.<a href="#cite_note-eubusiness-83">[83]</a> Under EU rules, olive oil may be sold as Italian even if it only contains a small amount of Italian oil.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph-84">[84]</a> Extra virgin olive oil has strict requirements and is checked for "sensory defects" that include: rancid, fusty, musty, winey (vinegary) and muddy sediment. These defects can occur for different reasons. The most common are: <ul><li>Raw material (olives) infected or battered</li> <li>Inadequate harvest, with contact between the olives and soil<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></li></ul> In March 2008, 400 Italian police officers conducted Operation Golden Oil, arresting 23 people and confiscating 85 farms after an investigation revealed a large-scale scheme to relabel oils from other Mediterranean nations as Italian.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> In April 2008, another operation impounded seven olive oil plants and arrested 40 people in nine provinces of northern and southern Italy for adding <a href="/wiki/Chlorophyll" title="Chlorophyll">chlorophyll</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sunflower_oil" title="Sunflower oil">sunflower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soybean_oil" title="Soybean oil">soybean oil</a> and selling it as extra virgin olive oil, both in Italy and abroad; 25,000 liters of the fake oil were seized and prevented from being exported.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> On March 15, 2011, the prosecutor's office in Florence, Italy, working in conjunction with the forestry department, indicted two managers and an officer of Carapelli, one of the brands of the Spanish company Grupo SOS (which recently changed its name to Deoleo). The charges involved falsified documents and food fraud. Carapelli lawyer Neri Pinucci said the company was not worried about the charges and that "the case is based on an irregularity in the documents."<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In February 2012, Spanish authorities investigated an international olive oil fraud in which palm, avocado, sunflower and other cheaper oils were passed off as Italian olive oil. Police said the oils were blended in an industrial biodiesel plant and adulterated in a way to hide markers that would have revealed their true nature. The oils were not toxic and posed no health risk, according to a statement by the <a href="/wiki/Guardia_Civil" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardia Civil">Guardia Civil</a>. Nineteen people were arrested following the year-long joint probe by the police and Spanish tax authorities, as part of Operation Lucerna.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Using tiny print to state the origin of blended oil is used as a legal loophole by manufacturers of adulterated and mixed olive oil.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Journalist Tom Mueller has investigated crime and adulteration in the olive oil business, publishing the article "Slippery Business" in New Yorker magazine,<a href="#cite_note-Mueller-82">[82]</a> followed by the 2011 book <a href="/wiki/Extra_Virginity" title="Extra Virginity">Extra Virginity</a>. On 3 January 2016 <a href="/wiki/Bill_Whitaker_(journalist)" title="Bill Whitaker (journalist)">Bill Whitaker</a> presented a program on CBS News including interviews with Mueller and with Italian authorities.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> It was reported that in the previous month 5,000 tons of adulterated olive oil had been sold in Italy, and that <a href="/wiki/Organised_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Organised crime">organised crime</a> was heavily involved—the term "Agrimafia" was used. The point was made by Mueller that the profit margin on adulterated olive oil was three times that on the illegal narcotic drug <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>. He said that over 50% of olive oil sold in Italy was adulterated, as was 75–80% of that sold in the US. Whitaker reported that three samples of "extra virgin olive oil" had been bought in a US supermarket and tested; two of the three samples did not meet the required standard, and one of them—from a top-selling US brand—was exceptionally poor. In early February 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Carabinieri" title="Carabinieri">Carabinieri</a> police arrested 33 suspects in the Calabrian mafia's <a href="/wiki/Piromalli_%27ndrina" title="Piromalli 'ndrina">Piromalli 'ndrina</a> (<a href="/wiki/%27Ndrangheta" title="'Ndrangheta">'Ndrangheta</a>) which was allegedly exporting fake extra virgin olive oil to the U.S.; the product was actually inexpensive olive pomace oil fraudulently labeled.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Less than a year earlier, the American television program <a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a> had warned that "the olive oil business has been corrupted by the Mafia" and that "Agromafia" was a 16 billion <a href="/wiki/US_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="US dollar">dollar</a> per year enterprise. A Carabinieri investigator interviewed on the program said that "olive oil fraud has gone on for the better part of four millennia" but today, it's particularly "easy for the bad guys to either introduce adulterated olive oils or mix in lower quality olive oils with extra-virgin olive oil".<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Weeks later, a report by <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> magazine stated that "it's reliably reported that 80% of the Italian olive oil on the [US] market is fraudulent" and that "a massive olive oil scandal is being uncovered in Southern Italy (Puglia, Umbria and Campania)".<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quality_control_and_fraud">Quality control and fraud</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Quality control and fraud">edit</a>]</div> In July 2024, the European Union reported a significant increase in olive oil fraud and mislabeling cases. The European Commission's annual report on food fraud revealed that olive oil remained one of the most frequently adulterated food products, with incidents reaching a record high.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mislabeling_and_adulteration">Mislabeling and adulteration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Mislabeling and adulteration">edit</a>]</div> The most common forms of olive oil fraud included: <ol><li>Mislabeling lower-grade oils as extra virgin olive oil</li> <li>Diluting olive oil with cheaper vegetable oils</li> <li>Falsely claiming EU origin for non-EU oils</li></ol> These fraudulent practices not only deceive consumers but also undermine the reputation of legitimate producers, particularly those from traditional olive-growing regions in the Mediterranean.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="EU_response">EU response</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: EU response">edit</a>]</div> To combat the rising fraud cases, the European Union has implemented several measures: <ul><li>Increased inspections and testing of olive oil shipments</li> <li>Enhanced traceability requirements for producers and distributors</li> <li>Stricter penalties for companies found guilty of fraud</li> <li>Improved cooperation between member states' food safety authorities</li></ul> The EU has also launched a public awareness campaign to educate consumers about olive oil quality and how to identify authentic products.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_on_the_industry">Impact on the industry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Impact on the industry">edit</a>]</div> The surge in fraud cases has led to: <ul><li>Higher production costs for honest producers due to increased compliance requirements</li> <li>Potential market share loss for authentic extra virgin olive oil as cheaper, adulterated products flood the market</li> <li>Growing consumer skepticism about olive oil quality claims</li></ul> Industry experts stress the importance of supporting reputable producers and urge consumers to be more vigilant when purchasing olive oil, particularly when prices seem unusually low for claimed quality.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constituents">Constituents</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Constituents">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fat_structural_formulae_V3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Fat_structural_formulae_V3.svg/220px-Fat_structural_formulae_V3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Fat_structural_formulae_V3.svg/330px-Fat_structural_formulae_V3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Fat_structural_formulae_V3.svg/440px-Fat_structural_formulae_V3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="218" /></a><figcaption>General chemical structure of food fats (<a href="/wiki/Triglyceride" title="Triglyceride">triglyceride</a>). R1, R2 and R3 are <a href="/wiki/Alkyl_group" title="Alkyl group">alkyl groups</a> (approx. 20%) or alkenyl groups (approx. 80%).</figcaption></figure> Olive oil is composed mainly of the mixed <a href="/wiki/Triglyceride" title="Triglyceride">triglyceride</a> esters of <a href="/wiki/Oleic_acid" title="Oleic acid">oleic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linoleic_acid" title="Linoleic acid">linoleic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palmitic_acid" title="Palmitic acid">palmitic acid</a> and of other <a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">fatty acids</a>,<a href="#cite_note-oos-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beltran2004-101">[101]</a> along with traces of <a href="/wiki/Squalene" title="Squalene">squalene</a> (up to 0.7%) and <a href="/wiki/Sterol" title="Sterol">sterols</a> (about 0.2% <a href="/wiki/Phytosterol" title="Phytosterol">phytosterol</a> and tocosterols). The composition varies by cultivar, region, altitude, time of harvest, and extraction process. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Fatty acid</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Percentage (m/m methyl esters)</th> <th>ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oleic_acid" title="Oleic acid">Oleic acid</a></td> <td>Monounsaturated</td> <td>55 to 83%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-oos-100">[100]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Linoleic_acid" title="Linoleic acid">Linoleic acid</a></td> <td>Polyunsaturated (<a href="/wiki/Omega-6" class="mw-redirect" title="Omega-6">omega-6</a>)</td> <td>3.5 to 21%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-oos-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beltran2004-101">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Palmitic_acid" title="Palmitic acid">Palmitic acid</a></td> <td>Saturated</td> <td>7.5 to 20%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-oos-100">[100]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stearic_acid" title="Stearic acid">Stearic acid</a></td> <td>Saturated</td> <td>0.5 to 5%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-oos-100">[100]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Linolenic_acid" title="Α-Linolenic acid">α-Linolenic acid</a></td> <td>Polyunsaturated (<a href="/wiki/Omega-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Omega-3">omega-3</a>)</td> <td>0 to 1.5%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-oos-100">[100]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparison_to_other_vegetable_oils">Comparison to other vegetable oils</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Comparison to other vegetable oils">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption align="center">Properties of <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">vegetable oils</a><a href="#cite_note-USDA_ndbcolumn-102">[102]</a> The nutritional values are expressed as percent (%) by mass of total fat. </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2">Type</th> <th rowspan="2">Processing treatment<a href="#cite_note-The_margarine_shall_be_made_from_one_or_more_of_the_following_vegetable_oils;_canola,_safflower,_sunflower,_corn,_soybean,_or_peanut_oil.-103">[103]</a></th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fatty_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturated fatty acids">Saturated</a> fatty acids</th> <th colspan="2" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fatty_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Monounsaturated fatty acids">Monounsaturated</a> fatty acids</th> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fatty_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyunsaturated fatty acids">Polyunsaturated</a> fatty acids</th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Smoke_point" title="Smoke point">Smoke point</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Total<a href="#cite_note-USDA_ndbcolumn-102">[102]</a></th> <th rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Oleic_acid" title="Oleic acid">Oleic</a> acid (ω−9)</th> <th>Total<a href="#cite_note-USDA_ndbcolumn-102">[102]</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Linolenic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Linolenic acid">α-Linolenic</a> acid (ω−3)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Linoleic_acid" title="Linoleic acid">Linoleic</a> acid (ω−6)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid_ratio_in_food" title="Fatty acid ratio in food">ω−6:3 ratio</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Avocado_oil" title="Avocado oil">Avocado</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></td> <td></td> <td>11.6</td> <td>70.6</td> <td>67.9</td> <td>13.5</td> <td>1</td> <td>12.5</td> <td>12.5:1</td> <td>250 °C (482 °F)<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Brazil_nut#Oil" title="Brazil nut">Brazil nut</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></td> <td></td> <td>24.8</td> <td>32.7</td> <td>31.3</td> <td>42.0</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>41.9</td> <td>419:1</td> <td>208 °C (406 °F)<a href="#cite_note-Rao-107">[107]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rapeseed_oil" title="Rapeseed oil">Canola</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></td> <td></td> <td>7.4</td> <td>63.3</td> <td>61.8</td> <td>28.1</td> <td>9.1</td> <td>18.6</td> <td>2:1</td> <td>204 °C (400 °F)<a href="#cite_note-post-109">[109]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Coconut_oil" title="Coconut oil">Coconut</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></td> <td></td> <td>82.5</td> <td>6.3</td> <td>6</td> <td>1.7</td> <td>0.019</td> <td>1.68</td> <td>88:1</td> <td>175 °C (347 °F)<a href="#cite_note-Rao-107">[107]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Corn_oil" title="Corn oil">Corn</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></td> <td></td> <td>12.9</td> <td>27.6</td> <td>27.3</td> <td>54.7</td> <td>1</td> <td>58</td> <td>58:1</td> <td>232 °C (450 °F)<a href="#cite_note-post-109">[109]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cottonseed_oil" title="Cottonseed oil">Cottonseed</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></td> <td></td> <td>25.9</td> <td>17.8</td> <td>19</td> <td>51.9</td> <td>1</td> <td>54</td> <td>54:1</td> <td>216 °C (420 °F)<a href="#cite_note-post-109">[109]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cottonseed_oil" title="Cottonseed oil">Cottonseed</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hydrogenated_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogenated fat">hydrogenated</a></td> <td>93.6</td> <td>1.5</td> <td></td> <td>0.6</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>0.3</td> <td>1.5:1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Linseed_oil" title="Linseed oil">Flaxseed/linseed</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></td> <td></td> <td>9.0</td> <td>18.4</td> <td>18</td> <td>67.8</td> <td>53</td> <td>13</td> <td>0.2:1</td> <td>107 °C (225 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Grape_seed_oil" title="Grape seed oil">Grape seed</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></td> <td> </td> <td>9.6</td> <td>16.1</td> <td>15.8  </td> <td>69.9</td> <td>0.10</td> <td>69.6</td> <td>very high</td> <td>216 °C (421 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hemp_oil" title="Hemp oil">Hemp seed</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></td> <td></td> <td>7.0</td> <td>9.0</td> <td>9.0</td> <td>82.0</td> <td>22.0</td> <td>54.0</td> <td>2.5:1</td> <td>166 °C (330 °F)<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Safflower_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Safflower oil">High-oleic safflower oil</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></td> <td></td> <td>7.5</td> <td>75.2</td> <td>75.2</td> <td>12.8</td> <td>0</td> <td>12.8</td> <td>very high</td> <td>212 °C (414 °F)<a href="#cite_note-Rao-107">[107]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffff66"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Olive</a> (extra virgin)<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></td> <td></td> <td>13.8</td> <td>73.0</td> <td>71.3</td> <td>10.5</td> <td>0.7</td> <td>9.8</td> <td>14:1</td> <td>193 °C (380 °F)<a href="#cite_note-Rao-107">[107]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">Palm</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></td> <td></td> <td>49.3</td> <td>37.0</td> <td>40</td> <td>9.3</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>9.1</td> <td>45.5:1</td> <td>235 °C (455 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">Palm</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></td> <td>hydrogenated</td> <td>88.2</td> <td>5.7</td> <td></td> <td>0</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Peanut_oil" title="Peanut oil">Peanut</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></td> <td></td> <td>16.2</td> <td>57.1</td> <td>55.4</td> <td>19.9</td> <td>0.318</td> <td>19.6</td> <td>61.6:1</td> <td>232 °C (450 °F)<a href="#cite_note-post-109">[109]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rice_bran_oil" title="Rice bran oil">Rice bran oil</a></td> <td></td> <td>25</td> <td>38.4</td> <td>38.4</td> <td>36.6</td> <td>2.2</td> <td>34.4<a href="#cite_note-baileys-123">[123]</a></td> <td>15.6:1</td> <td>232 °C (450 °F)<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sesame_oil" title="Sesame oil">Sesame</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></td> <td></td> <td>14.2</td> <td>39.7</td> <td>39.3</td> <td>41.7</td> <td>0.3</td> <td>41.3</td> <td>138:1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Soybean_oil" title="Soybean oil">Soybean</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></td> <td></td> <td>15.6</td> <td>22.8</td> <td>22.6</td> <td>57.7</td> <td>7</td> <td>51</td> <td>7.3:1</td> <td>238 °C (460 °F)<a href="#cite_note-post-109">[109]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Soybean_oil" title="Soybean oil">Soybean</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hydrogenated_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogenated fat">partially hydrogenated</a></td> <td>14.9</td> <td>43.0</td> <td>42.5</td> <td>37.6</td> <td>2.6</td> <td>34.9</td> <td>13.4:1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sunflower_oil" title="Sunflower oil">Sunflower</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></td> <td></td> <td>8.99</td> <td>63.4</td> <td>62.9</td> <td>20.7</td> <td>0.16</td> <td>20.5</td> <td>128:1</td> <td>227 °C (440 °F)<a href="#cite_note-post-109">[109]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Walnut_oil" title="Walnut oil">Walnut oil</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></td> <td>unrefined</td> <td>9.1</td> <td>22.8</td> <td>22.2</td> <td>63.3</td> <td>10.4</td> <td>52.9</td> <td>5:1</td> <td>160 °C (320 °F)<a href="#cite_note-BoH-130">[130]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phenolic_composition">Phenolic composition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Phenolic composition">edit</a>]</div> Olive oil contains traces of <a href="/wiki/Polyphenols" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphenols">phenolics</a> (about 0.5%), such as <a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">esters</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tyrosol" title="Tyrosol">tyrosol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydroxytyrosol" title="Hydroxytyrosol">hydroxytyrosol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oleocanthal" title="Oleocanthal">oleocanthal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oleuropein" title="Oleuropein">oleuropein</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bendini-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-phenolics-131">[131]</a> which give extra virgin olive oil its <a href="/wiki/Bitter_(taste)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitter (taste)">bitter</a>, pungent taste, and are also implicated in its aroma.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Olive oil is a source of at least 30 phenolic compounds, among which are <a href="/wiki/Elenolic_acid" title="Elenolic acid">elenolic acid</a>, a marker for maturation of olives,<a href="#cite_note-bendini-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> and alpha-<a href="/wiki/Tocopherol" title="Tocopherol">tocopherol</a>, one of the eight members of the <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a> family.<a href="#cite_note-Wagner_et_al,_2004-134">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oleuropein" title="Oleuropein">Oleuropein</a>, together with other closely related compounds such as <a href="/wiki/10-hydroxyoleuropein" class="mw-redirect" title="10-hydroxyoleuropein">10-hydroxyoleuropein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ligstroside" title="Ligstroside">ligstroside</a> and <a href="/wiki/10-hydroxyligstroside" class="mw-redirect" title="10-hydroxyligstroside">10-hydroxyligstroside</a>, are <a href="/wiki/Tyrosol" title="Tyrosol">tyrosol</a> <a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">esters</a> of elenolic acid. Other phenolic constituents include <a href="/wiki/Flavonoid" title="Flavonoid">flavonoids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lignan" title="Lignan">lignans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pinoresinol" title="Pinoresinol">pinoresinol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Nutrition">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Olive oil</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,700 kJ (880 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">100 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">Saturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">13.8 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat" title="Monounsaturated fat">Monounsaturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">73 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fat" title="Polyunsaturated fat">Polyunsaturated</a><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Omega-3_fatty_acid" title="Omega-3 fatty acid">omega−3</a></div><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Omega-6_fatty_acid" title="Omega-6 fatty acid">omega−6</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">10.5 g<div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;">0.8 g</div><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;">9.8 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">Quantity <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value">%DV</abbr>†</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">96%</div> 14.4 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">50%</div> 60.2 μg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Other constituents</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">Quantity</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/171413/nutrients">Full Link to USDA Database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em">†Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-137">[137]</a> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-138">[138]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Olive oil is 100% <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a>, containing no <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">protein</a> or water (table). In a reference amount of 100 grams (3.5 oz), olive oil supplies 884 <a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">calories</a> of <a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">food energy</a>, and is a rich source (20% or more of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a>, DV) of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">vitamin E</a> (96% DV) and <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">vitamin K</a> (57% DV) (table). One <a href="/wiki/Tablespoon" title="Tablespoon">tablespoon</a> (13.5 g) of olive oil supplies 500 kJ (119 kcal) of food energy and contains 13.5 g of fat, including 9.9 g of <a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat" title="Monounsaturated fat">monounsaturated fat</a> (mainly as <a href="/wiki/Oleic_acid" title="Oleic acid">oleic acid</a>), 1.4 g of <a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fat" title="Polyunsaturated fat">polyunsaturated fat</a> (mainly as <a href="/wiki/Linoleic_acid" title="Linoleic acid">linoleic acid</a>), and 1.9 g of <a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">saturated fat</a> (mainly as <a href="/wiki/Palmitic_acid" title="Palmitic acid">palmitic acid</a>).<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Potential_health_effects">Potential health effects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Potential health effects">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_Olives.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Egyptian_Olives.jpg/250px-Egyptian_Olives.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Egyptian_Olives.jpg/330px-Egyptian_Olives.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Egyptian_Olives.jpg/500px-Egyptian_Olives.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2872" data-file-height="2236" /></a><figcaption>Egyptian olives</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_diet" title="Mediterranean diet">Mediterranean diet</a></div> In the United States, the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">FDA</a> allows producers of olive oil to place the following qualified <a href="/wiki/Health_claim" title="Health claim">health claim</a> on <a href="/wiki/Private_label" title="Private label">product labels</a>:<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Limited and not conclusive scientific evidence suggests that eating about 2 tbsp. (23 g) of olive oil daily may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease due to the monounsaturated fat in olive oil. To achieve this possible benefit, olive oil is to replace a similar amount of saturated fat and not increase the overall number of calories consumed in a day.</blockquote> In a review by the <a href="/wiki/European_Food_Safety_Authority" title="European Food Safety Authority">European Food Safety Authority</a> (EFSA) in 2011, health claims on olive oil were approved for protection by its <a href="/wiki/Polyphenol" title="Polyphenol">polyphenols</a> against <a href="/wiki/Oxidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidation">oxidation</a> of blood lipids,<a href="#cite_note-EFSApolyphenols2011-142">[142]</a> and for maintenance of normal blood <a href="/wiki/LDL-cholesterol" class="mw-redirect" title="LDL-cholesterol">LDL-cholesterol</a> levels by replacing saturated fats in the diet with <a href="/wiki/Oleic_acid" title="Oleic acid">oleic acid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EFSAoleicacid2011-143">[143]</a> (See also: Commission Regulation (EU) 432/2012 of 16 May 2012).<a href="#cite_note-OfficialJournalEuropeanUnion2012-144">[144]</a> Despite its approval, the EFSA has noted that a definitive <a href="/wiki/Cause-and-effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Cause-and-effect">cause-and-effect</a> relationship has not been adequately established for consumption of olive oil and maintaining normal (fasting) blood concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Triglycerides" class="mw-redirect" title="Triglycerides">triglycerides</a>, normal blood <a href="/wiki/HDL-cholesterol" class="mw-redirect" title="HDL-cholesterol">HDL-cholesterol</a> concentrations, and normal <a href="/wiki/Blood_glucose" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood glucose">blood glucose</a> concentrations.<a href="#cite_note-EFSA-145">[145]</a> A 2014 meta-analysis concluded that increased consumption of olive oil was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events and <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a>, while monounsaturated fatty acids of mixed animal and plant origin showed no significant effects.<a href="#cite_note-schw-146">[146]</a> Another meta-analysis in 2018 found high-polyphenol olive oil intake was associated with improved measures of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, <a href="/wiki/Malondialdehyde" title="Malondialdehyde">malondialdehyde</a>, and oxidized LDL when compared to low-polyphenol olive oils, although it recommended longer studies, and more investigation of non-Mediterranean populations.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amurca" title="Amurca">Amurca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_dishes" title="List of ancient dishes">List of ancient dishes and foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines" title="List of cuisines">List of cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dip_(food)#List_of_common_dips" class="mw-redirect" title="Dip (food)">List of dips</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Olive_oil&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sgray-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sgray_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sgray_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sgray_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402003751/http://reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/texts/sinuhe.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2019. Retrieved December 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notes+on+the+Story+of+Sinuhe&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Librairie+Honor%C3%A9+Champion&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=Alan+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reshafim.org.il%2Fad%2Fegypt%2Ftexts%2Fsinuhe.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlive+oil" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRiley2002" class="citation journal cs1">Riley, F.R. (February 1, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0092.00149">"Olive oil production on bronze age Crete: nutritional properties, processing methods and storage life of Minoan olive oil"</a>. Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 21 (1): 63–75. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-0092.00149">10.1111/1468-0092.00149</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0262-5253">0262-5253</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Olive+oil+production+on+bronze+age+Crete%3A+nutritional+properties%2C+processing+methods+and+storage+life+of+Minoan+olive+oil&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E63-%3C%2Fspan%3E75&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1468-0092.00149&rft.issn=0262-5253&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=F.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2F1468-0092.00149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlive+oil" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCastleden2005" class="citation book cs1">Castleden, Rodney (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kfi0dAlfJaoC">The Mycenaeans</a>. London and New York: Routledge. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-36336-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-36336-5"><bdi>978-0-415-36336-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115132907/https://books.google.com/books?id=Kfi0dAlfJaoC">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved April 3, 2016. <q>Huge quantities of olive oil were produced and it must have been a major source of wealth. The simple fact that southern Greece is far more suitable climatically for olive production may explain why the Mycenaean civilization made far greater advances in the south than in the north. The oil had a variety of uses, in cooking, as a dressing, as soap, as lamp oil, and as a base for manufacturing unguents.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mycenaeans&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-36336-5&rft.aulast=Castleden&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKfi0dAlfJaoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlive+oil" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ceipac_ub-21"><a href="#cite_ref-ceipac_ub_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlázquez1992" class="citation journal cs1">Blázquez, J. M. (October 1992). "The Latest Work on the Export of Baetican Olive Oil to Rome and the Army". 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Retrieved July 30, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=California+olive+oil+is+worth+the+splurge&rft.pub=ucanr.edu+%28Division+of+Agriculture+and+Natural+Resources%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fucanr.edu%2F%3Fstory%3D79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlive+oil" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSapraRogachFeldmann2006" class="citation journal cs1">Sapra, Sameer; Rogach, Andrey L.; Feldmann, Jochen (2006). "Phosphine-free synthesis of monodisperse CdSe nanocrystals in olive oil". Journal of Materials Chemistry. 16 (33): 3391. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2FB607022A">10.1039/B607022A</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Materials+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Phosphine-free+synthesis+of+monodisperse+CdSe+nanocrystals+in+olive+oil&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=33&rft.pages=3391&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2FB607022A&rft.aulast=Sapra&rft.aufirst=Sameer&rft.au=Rogach%2C+Andrey+L.&rft.au=Feldmann%2C+Jochen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlive+oil" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oliveoil.com/whats-the-difference-extra-virgin-vs-regular-olive-oil/">"What's the Difference Between Extra Virgin & Regular Olive Oil?"</a>. OliveOil.com. May 4, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210524220527/https://www.oliveoil.com/whats-the-difference-extra-virgin-vs-regular-olive-oil/">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OliveOil.com&rft.atitle=What%27s+the+Difference+Between+Extra+Virgin+%26+Regular+Olive+Oil%3F&rft.date=2021-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oliveoil.com%2Fwhats-the-difference-extra-virgin-vs-regular-olive-oil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlive+oil" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeri2014" class="citation book cs1">Peri, Claudio, ed. (2014). The extra-virgin olive oil handbook. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 155–156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118460450" title="Special:BookSources/9781118460450"><bdi>9781118460450</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/908158600">908158600</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+extra-virgin+olive+oil+handbook&rft.place=Chichester%2C+West+Sussex%2C+UK&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E155-%3C%2Fspan%3E156&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F908158600&rft.isbn=9781118460450&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlive+oil" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDanby1933" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Danby" title="Herbert Danby">Danby, H.</a>, ed. (1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/DanbyMishnah/page/n531/mode/1up">"Menahoth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">The Mishnah</a>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 8:4 (p. 502). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-815402-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-815402-X"><bdi>0-19-815402-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Menahoth&rft.btitle=The+Mishnah&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=8%3A4+%28p.+502%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1933&rft.isbn=0-19-815402-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FDanbyMishnah%2Fpage%2Fn531%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlive+oil" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZAmar2015-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZAmar2015_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZAmar2015_40-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmar2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Zohar_Amar" title="Zohar Amar">Amar, Z.</a> (2015). Flora and Fauna in Maimonides' Teachings (in Hebrew). Kfar Darom. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/783455868">783455868</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flora+and+Fauna+in+Maimonides%27+Teachings&rft.place=Kfar+Darom&rft.pages=73&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F783455868&rft.aulast=Amar&rft.aufirst=Z.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlive+oil" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Geoponica1805-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Geoponica1805_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geoponica1805_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geoponica1805_41-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Geoponica01/page/n13/mode/1up">Geoponika – Agricultural Pursuits</a>. Vol. 1. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Owen_(priest)" title="Thomas Owen (priest)">Owen, T.</a> London: University of Oxford. 1805. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Geoponica01/page/n324/mode/1up">288–289</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geoponika+%E2%80%93+Agricultural+Pursuits&rft.place=London&rft.pages=288-289&rft.pub=University+of+Oxford&rft.date=1805&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FGeoponica01%2Fpage%2Fn13%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlive+oil" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Cf. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDanby1933" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Danby" title="Herbert Danby">Danby, H.</a>, ed. (1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/DanbyMishnah/page/n758/mode/1up">"Tohoroth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">The Mishnah</a>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 9:5 (p. 729). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-815402-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-815402-X"><bdi>0-19-815402-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tohoroth&rft.btitle=The+Mishnah&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=9%3A5+%28p.+729%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1933&rft.isbn=0-19-815402-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FDanbyMishnah%2Fpage%2Fn758%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlive+oil" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmar2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Zohar_Amar" title="Zohar Amar">Amar, Z.</a> (2015). Flora and Fauna in Maimonides' Teachings (in Hebrew). Kfar Darom. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/783455868">783455868</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flora+and+Fauna+in+Maimonides%27+Teachings&rft.place=Kfar+Darom&rft.pages=74&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F783455868&rft.aulast=Amar&rft.aufirst=Z.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlive+oil" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) s.v. <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> Tohoroth 9:1 (<a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>' commentary) </li> <li id="cite_note-RFrankel1994-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RFrankel1994_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFrankel1994_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrankel1994" class="citation book cs1">Frankel, Rafael (1994). "Ancient Oil Mills and Presses in the Land of Israel". In Etan Ayalon (ed.). History and Technology of Olive Oil in the Holy Land. Translated by Jacobson, Jay C. Tel Aviv, Israel: Eretz Israel Museum and Oléarus editions. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-917526-06-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-917526-06-6"><bdi>0-917526-06-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ancient+Oil+Mills+and+Presses+in+the+Land+of+Israel&rft.btitle=History+and+Technology+of+Olive+Oil+in+the+Holy+Land&rft.place=Tel+Aviv%2C+Israel&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Eretz+Israel+Museum+and+Ol%C3%A9arus+editions&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-917526-06-6&rft.aulast=Frankel&rft.aufirst=Rafael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlive+oil" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMukaddasi1906" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqaddasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muqaddasi">Mukaddasi</a> (1906) [3rd edition 1967]. de Goeje, M. J. (ed.). Kitāb Aḥsan at-taqāsīm fī maʻrifat al-aqālīm [The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions] (in Arabic). Leiden: Brill. p. 181. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/313566614">313566614</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kit%C4%81b+A%E1%B8%A5san+at-taq%C4%81s%C4%ABm+f%C4%AB+ma%CA%BBrifat+al-aq%C4%81l%C4%ABm&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1906&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F313566614&rft.au=Mukaddasi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlive+oil" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmarSerri2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Zohar_Amar" title="Zohar Amar">Amar, Z.</a>; Serri, Yaron (2004). The Land of Israel and Syria as Described by al-Tamimi – Jerusalem Physician of the 10th Century (in Hebrew). Ramat-Gan. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-226-252-8" title="Special:BookSources/965-226-252-8"><bdi>965-226-252-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/607157392">607157392</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Land+of+Israel+and+Syria+as+Described+by+al-Tamimi+%E2%80%93+Jerusalem+Physician+of+the+10th+Century&rft.place=Ramat-Gan&rft.pages=78&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F607157392&rft.isbn=965-226-252-8&rft.aulast=Amar&rft.aufirst=Z.&rft.au=Serri%2C+Yaron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlive+oil" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) Cf. <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menahot" class="mw-redirect" title="Menahot">Menahot</a> 86a, where it says that the olives used to produce this kind of oil had not reached one-third of its natural stage of ripeness, and that it was used principally as a <a href="/wiki/Depilatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Depilatory">depilatory</a> and to flavor meat. </li> <li id="cite_note-Berbel-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berbel_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berbel_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berbel_47-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berbel_47-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerbelPosadillo2018" class="citation journal cs1">Berbel, Julio; Posadillo, Alejandro (January 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fsu10010237">"Review and Analysis of Alternatives for the Valorisation of Agro-Industrial Olive Oil By-Products"</a>. Sustainability. 10 (1): 237. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fsu10010237">10.3390/su10010237</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10396%2F17426">10396/17426</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2071-1050">2071-1050</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sustainability&rft.atitle=Review+and+Analysis+of+Alternatives+for+the+Valorisation+of+Agro-Industrial+Olive+Oil+By-Products&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=237&rft.date=2018-01-17&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10396%2F17426&rft.issn=2071-1050&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fsu10010237&rft.aulast=Berbel&rft.aufirst=Julio&rft.au=Posadillo%2C+Alejandro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%252Fsu10010237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlive+oil" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Villacarrillo-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Villacarrillo_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Villacarrillo_48-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVivante,_Lucy2011" class="citation web cs1">Vivante, Lucy (November 2, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oliveoiltimes.com/olive-oil-business/europe/worlds-largest-olive-oil-mill-jaen/21330">"Gruppo Pieralisi Powers World's Largest Olive Oil Mill in Jaén"</a>. Olive Oil Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015237/http://www.oliveoiltimes.com/olive-oil-business/europe/worlds-largest-olive-oil-mill-jaen/21330">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2015. 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Retrieved July 30, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.discovertuscany.com&rft.atitle=Tuscan+Extra+Virgin+Olive+Oil%3A+A+Product+of+Excellence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discovertuscany.com%2Ftypical-products-of-tuscany%2Fthe-tuscan-extra-virgin-olive-oil.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlive+oil" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cittadellolio.it/citta-dell-olio/">"Associazione Nazionale Città dell'Olio – Citta dell'olio"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180730140419/http://www.cittadellolio.it/citta-dell-olio/">Archived</a> from the original on July 30, 2018. 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The supply of dietary fats ... is much more diverse in Europe ... The oils mainly consumed in Europe, i.e. sunflower, olive and canola oil, provide less γ-tocopherol but more α-tocopherol ... [T]he ratio of α-:γ-tocopherol is at least 1:2. Therefore, the average γ-tocopherol intake can be estimated as 4–6 mg/day, which is about 25–35% of the USA intake. 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La Sicilia dell'olio, Giuseppe Maimone Editore, Catania, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-7751-281-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-7751-281-9">978-88-7751-281-9</a></li> <li>Mueller, Tom. <a href="/wiki/Extra_Virginity" title="Extra Virginity">Extra Virginity</a> – The Sublime and Scandalous World of Olive Oil, Atlantic Books, London, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84887-004-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84887-004-8">978-1-84887-004-8</a>.</li> <li>Pagnol, Jean. L'Olivier, Aubanel, 1975. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7006-0064-9" title="Special:BookSources/2-7006-0064-9">2-7006-0064-9</a>.</li> <li>Palumbo, Mary; Linda J. Harris (December 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121018215246/http://olivecenter.ucdavis.edu/files/microbial%20safety%20120511.pdf">"Microbiological Food Safety of Olive Oil: A Review of the Literature"</a> (PDF), <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">University of California, Davis</a></li> <li>Preedy, V. R.; Watson, R. R. (eds.). Olives and Olive Oil in Health and Disease Prevention, Academic Press, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-374420-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-374420-3">978-0-12-374420-3</a>.</li> <li>Rosenblum, Mort. Olives: The Life and Lore of a Noble Fruit, North Point Press, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86547-503-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-86547-503-2">0-86547-503-2</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.codexalimentarius.org/download/standards/88/CXS_033e.pdf">CODEX STAN 33-1981 Standard for Olive Oils and Olive Pomace Oils</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fats_and_oils" title="Template:Fats and oils"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fats_and_oils" title="Template talk:Fats and oils"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fats_and_oils" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fats and oils"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Edible_fats_and_oils120" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Edible fats and oils</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pork_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Pork fat">Pork fats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatback" title="Fatback">Fatback</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lardo" title="Lardo">Lardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salo_(food)" title="Salo (food)">Salo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lard" title="Lard">Lard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lardon" title="Lardon">Lardon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">Beef</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mutton" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutton">Mutton</a> fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dripping" title="Dripping">Dripping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suet" title="Suet">Suet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tail_fat" title="Tail fat">Tail fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallow" title="Tallow">Tallow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dairy_product" title="Dairy product">Dairy</a> fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">Butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarified_butter" title="Clarified butter">Clarified butter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee">Ghee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manteiga-da-terra" title="Manteiga-da-terra">Manteiga-da-terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niter_kibbeh" title="Niter kibbeh">Niter kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smen" title="Smen">Smen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urfa_butter" title="Urfa butter">Urfa butter</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">Poultry</a> fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_fat" title="Chicken fat">Chicken fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Duck fat">Duck fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Goose fat">Goose fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmaltz" title="Schmaltz">Schmaltz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other animal fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blubber#Human_influences" title="Blubber">Blubber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muktuk" title="Muktuk">Muktuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_oil" title="Whale oil">Whale oil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vegetable fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_tallow" class="mw-redirect" title="Borneo tallow">Borneo tallow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_butter" title="Cocoa butter">Cocoa butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_oil" title="Coconut oil">Coconut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_butter" class="mw-redirect" title="Mango butter">Mango butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margarine" title="Margarine">Margarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_kernel_oil" title="Palm kernel oil">Palm kernel oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shea_butter" title="Shea butter">Shea butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_shortening" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetable shortening">Vegetable shortening</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">Oils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fish_oil" title="Fish oil">Marine oils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cod_liver_oil" title="Cod liver oil">Cod liver oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill_oil" title="Krill oil">Krill oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaweed_oil" title="Seaweed oil">Seaweed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_liver_oil" title="Shark liver oil">Shark liver oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">Vegetable oils</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetable_oils" title="List of vegetable oils">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stone_fruit" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone fruit">Fruit</a> oils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avocado_oil" title="Avocado oil">Avocado oil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Olive oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">Palm oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nut_(food)" title="Nut (food)">Nut</a> oils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almond_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Almond oil">Almond oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argan_oil" title="Argan oil">Argan oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashew_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Cashew oil">Cashew oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazelnut oil">Hazelnut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macadamia_oil" title="Macadamia oil">Macadamia oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marula_oil" title="Marula oil">Marula oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongongo#Traditional_uses" title="Mongongo">Mongongo nut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecan_oil" title="Pecan oil">Pecan oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_nut_oil" title="Pine nut oil">Pine nut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistachio_oil" title="Pistachio oil">Pistachio oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_oil" title="Walnut oil">Walnut oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seed_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Seed oil">Seed oils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambadi_seed_oil" title="Ambadi seed oil">Ambadi seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_seed_oil" title="Apple seed oil">Apple seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castor_oil" title="Castor oil">Castor oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_oil" title="Corn oil">Corn oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottonseed_oil" title="Cottonseed oil">Cottonseed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape_seed_oil" title="Grape seed oil">Grape seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_oil" title="Hemp oil">Hemp oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linseed_oil" title="Linseed oil">Linseed (flaxseed) oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_oil" title="Mustard oil">Mustard oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut_oil" title="Peanut oil">Peanut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pequi_oil" title="Pequi oil">Pequi oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_oil" title="Perilla oil">Perilla oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppyseed_oil" title="Poppyseed oil">Poppyseed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_seed_oil" title="Pumpkin seed oil">Pumpkin seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapeseed_oil" title="Rapeseed oil">Rapeseed (canola) oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_bran_oil" title="Rice bran oil">Rice bran oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safflower_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Safflower oil">Safflower oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_oil" title="Sesame oil">Sesame oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_oil" title="Soybean oil">Soybean oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunflower_oil" title="Sunflower oil">Sunflower oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_seed_oil" title="Tea seed oil">Tea seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watermelon_seed_oil" title="Watermelon seed oil">Watermelon seed oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cooking_oil" title="Cooking oil">Cooking oil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Types_of_plant_oils" title="Types of plant oils">Plant oil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">Essential oil</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Olives283" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Olives" title="Template:Olives"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Olives" title="Template talk:Olives"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olives" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Olives"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Olives283" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olives</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_olive_cultivars" title="List of olive cultivars">Cultivars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aglandau" title="Aglandau">Aglandau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbequina" title="Arbequina">Arbequina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbosana" title="Arbosana">Arbosana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidni" title="Bidni">Bidni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosana" title="Bosana">Bosana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouteillan" title="Bouteillan">Bouteillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cailletier" title="Cailletier">Cailletier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayon_olive" title="Cayon olive">Cayon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerignola_olive" title="Cerignola olive">Cerignola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empeltre" title="Empeltre">Empeltre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemlik_olive" title="Gemlik olive">Gemlik-Tirilye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_olive" title="Germaine olive">Germaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grossane" title="Grossane">Grossane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hojiblanca" title="Hojiblanca">Hojiblanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamata_olive" title="Kalamata olive">Kalamata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koroneiki" title="Koroneiki">Koroneiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leccino" title="Leccino">Leccino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucques" title="Lucques">Lucques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meslalla" title="Meslalla">Meslalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_olive" title="Mission olive">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocellara_del_Belice" title="Nocellara del Belice">Nocellara del Belice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliana_olive" title="Oliana olive">Oliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivi%C3%A8re" title="Olivière">Olivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrinia_olive" title="Patrinia olive">Patrinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picholine" title="Picholine">Picholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picual" title="Picual">Picual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabine_olive" title="Sabine olive">Sabine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonenque" title="Salonenque">Salonenque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikitita" title="Sikitita">Sikitita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanche" title="Tanche">Tanche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amurca" title="Amurca">Amurca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castile_soap" title="Castile soap">Castile soap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Olive_Council" title="International Olive Council">International Olive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_branch" title="Olive branch">Olive branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_(color)" title="Olive (color)">Olive color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_leaf" title="Olive leaf">Olive leaf</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Olive oil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olive_oil_extraction" title="Olive oil extraction">extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_oil_regulation_and_adulteration" title="Olive oil regulation and adulteration">regulation and adulteration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfiltered_olive_oil" title="Unfiltered olive oil">unfiltered</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_pomace_oil" title="Olive pomace oil">Olive pomace oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orujo_(olive_waste)" title="Orujo (olive waste)">Orujo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olive_production_in_India" title="Olive production in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_production_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Olive production in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_production_in_Switzerland" title="Olive production in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Olives" title="Category:Olives">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Olives" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Olives">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Salad_dressings47" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Salad_dressings" title="Template:Salad dressings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Salad_dressings" title="Template talk:Salad dressings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Salad_dressings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Salad dressings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Salad_dressings47" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Salad" title="Salad">Salad</a> dressings</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Condiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balsamic_vinegar" title="Balsamic vinegar">Balsamic vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus" title="Citrus">Citrus</a> juice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">Fish sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)#Honey_mustard" title="Mustard (condiment)">Honey mustard</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Culinary_use">Extra virgin olive oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_juice" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemon juice">Lemon juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_juice" class="mw-redirect" title="Lime juice">Lime juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_seed_oil#Culinary_uses" title="Pumpkin seed oil">Pumpkin seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_oil" title="Sesame oil">Sesame oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sour_cream" title="Sour cream">Sour cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">Soy sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinaigrette" title="Vinaigrette">Vinaigrette</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Salad_Dressing-2_(23044326320).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A bowl of salad and a bottle of dressing"><img alt="A bowl of salad and a bottle of dressing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Salad_Dressing-2_%2823044326320%29.jpg/115px-Salad_Dressing-2_%2823044326320%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Salad_Dressing-2_%2823044326320%29.jpg/173px-Salad_Dressing-2_%2823044326320%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Salad_Dressing-2_%2823044326320%29.jpg/230px-Salad_Dressing-2_%2823044326320%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_cheese_dressing" title="Blue cheese dressing">Blue cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_salad#Dressing" title="Caesar salad">Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_dressing" title="French dressing">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_dressing" title="Ginger dressing">Ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_goddess_dressing" title="Green goddess dressing">Green goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_dressing" title="Italian dressing">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_dressing" title="Louis dressing">Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfair_salad_dressing" title="Mayfair salad dressing">Mayfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayonnaise" title="Mayonnaise">Mayonnaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut_sauce" title="Peanut sauce">Peanut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch_dressing" title="Ranch dressing">Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_dressing" title="Russian dressing">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salad_cream" title="Salad cream">Salad cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Island_dressing" title="Thousand Island dressing">Thousand Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafu_dressing" title="Wafu dressing">Wafu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolthouse_Farms" title="Bolthouse Farms">Bolthouse Farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellmann%27s_and_Best_Foods" title="Hellmann's and Best Foods">Hellmann's and Best Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken%27s_Foods" title="Ken's Foods">Ken's Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Whip" title="Miracle Whip">Miracle Whip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturally_Fresh,_Inc." title="Naturally Fresh, Inc.">Naturally Fresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newman%27s_Own" title="Newman's Own">Newman's Own</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Marzetti_Company" title="T. Marzetti Company">T. Marzetti Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_Heinz" title="Kraft Heinz">Kraft Heinz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wish-Bone" title="Wish-Bone">Wish-Bone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Condiments338" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Condiments" title="Template:Condiments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Condiments" title="Template talk:Condiments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Condiments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Condiments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Condiments338" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment">Condiments</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_condiments" title="List of condiments">List of condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dip_(food)#List_of_common_dips" class="mw-redirect" title="Dip (food)">List of common dips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_syrups" title="List of syrups">List of syrups</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sauces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agre_dulce" class="mw-redirect" title="Agre dulce">Agre dulce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrodolce" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrodolce">Agrodolce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aioli" title="Aioli">Aioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue_sauce" title="Barbecue sauce">Barbecue sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigarade_sauce" title="Bigarade sauce">Bigarade sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_sauce" title="Brown sauce">Brown sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo sauce">Buffalo sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_sauce" title="Cheese sauce">Cheese sauce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfredo sauce">Alfredo sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caruso_sauce" title="Caruso sauce">Caruso sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheddar_sauce" title="Cheddar sauce">Cheddar sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheez_Whiz" title="Cheez Whiz">Cheez Whiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue">Fondue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mornay_sauce" title="Mornay sauce">Mornay sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacho_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacho cheese">Nacho cheese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_sauce_and_paste" title="Chili sauce and paste">Chili sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimichurri" title="Chimichurri">Chimichurri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_sauce" title="Cocktail sauce">Cocktail sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colo-colo_(condiment)" title="Colo-colo (condiment)">Colo-colo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crema_(dairy_product)" title="Crema (dairy product)">Crema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caruru_(food)" title="Caruru (food)">Caruru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabu-dabu" title="Dabu-dabu">Dabu-dabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">Fish sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritessaus" title="Fritessaus">Fritessaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fry_sauce" title="Fry sauce">Fry sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garum" title="Garum">Garum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastrique" title="Gastrique">Gastrique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravy" title="Gravy">Gravy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_sauce" title="Hot sauce">Hot sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latik" title="Latik">Latik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khrenovina_sauce" title="Khrenovina sauce">Khrenovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechon_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Lechon sauce">Lechon sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Rose_sauce" title="Marie Rose sauce">Marie Rose sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayonnaise" title="Mayonnaise">Mayonnaise</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kewpie_(mayonnaise)" title="Kewpie (mayonnaise)">Kewpie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kielecki_Mayonnaise" title="Kielecki Mayonnaise">Kielecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Whip" title="Miracle Whip">Miracle Whip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mignonette_sauce" title="Mignonette sauce">Mignonette sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mild_sauce" title="Mild sauce">Mild sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_gland_sauce" title="Monkey gland sauce">Monkey gland sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujdei" title="Mujdei">Mujdei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbo_sauce" title="Mumbo sauce">Mumbo sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_sauce" title="Oyster sauce">Oyster sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut_sauce" title="Peanut sauce">Peanut sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pear%C3%A0" title="Pearà">Pearà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesto" title="Pesto">Pesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistou" title="Pistou">Pistou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remoulade" title="Remoulade">Remoulade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_golf" title="Salsa golf">Salsa golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_verde" title="Salsa verde">Salsa verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsivi" title="Satsivi">Satsivi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_sauce" title="Steak sauce">Steak sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartar_sauce" title="Tartar sauce">Tartar sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatbila" title="Tatbila">Tatbila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teriyaki" title="Teriyaki">Teriyaki sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiparos" title="Tiparos">Tiparos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tkemali" title="Tkemali">Tkemali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_sauce" title="Tomato sauce">Tomato sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincotto" title="Vincotto">Vincotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XO_sauce" title="XO sauce">XO sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%80_la_zingara" title="À la zingara">Zingara sauce</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Condiments"><img alt="Condiments" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg/250px-Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg/330px-Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dipping_sauce" title="Dipping sauce">Dips</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajika" title="Ajika">Ajika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile_con_queso" title="Chile con queso">Chile con queso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_sauce" title="Duck sauce">Duck sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_chive_flower_sauce" title="Garlic chive flower sauce">Garlic chive flower sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guacamole" title="Guacamole">Guacamole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogao" title="Hogao">Hogao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_dill" title="Honey dill">Honey dill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Hummus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammara" title="Muhammara">Muhammara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_chim" title="Nam chim">Nam chim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_phrik" title="Nam phrik">Nam phrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_ch%E1%BA%A5m" title="Nước chấm">Nước chấm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyronnes" title="Skyronnes">Skyronnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_chili_sauce" title="Sweet chili sauce">Sweet chili sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toum" title="Toum">Toum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzatziki" title="Tzatziki">Tzatziki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhug" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhug">Zhug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pickles and preserves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amba_(condiment)" title="Amba (condiment)">Amba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atchara" title="Atchara">Atchara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheong_(food)" title="Cheong (food)">Cheong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney" title="Chutney">Chutney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_mango_chutney" title="Green mango chutney">Green mango chutney</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtido" title="Curtido">Curtido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encurtido" title="Encurtido">Encurtido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_preserves" title="Fruit preserves">Fruit preserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gari_(ginger)" title="Gari (ginger)">Gari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljutenica" class="mw-redirect" title="Ljutenica">Ljutenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper_jelly" title="Pepper jelly">Pepper jelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccalilli" title="Piccalilli">Piccalilli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_cucumber" title="Pickled cucumber">Pickled cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_fruit" title="Pickled fruit">Pickled fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relish" title="Relish">Relish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago-style_relish" title="Chicago-style relish">Chicago-style relish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauerkraut" title="Sauerkraut">Sauerkraut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimchi" title="Kimchi">Kimchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumbala" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumbala">Sumbala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taba_ng_talangka" title="Taba ng talangka">Taba ng talangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_jam" title="Tomato jam">Tomato jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watermelon_rind_preserves" title="Watermelon rind preserves">Watermelon rind preserves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spreads and pastes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajvar" title="Ajvar">Ajvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy_paste" title="Anchovy paste">Anchovy paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagoong" title="Bagoong">Bagoong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sal%C3%A7a" title="Salça">Biber salçası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beurre_Ma%C3%AEtre_d%27H%C3%B4tel" title="Beurre Maître d'Hôtel">Beurre Maître d'Hôtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_paste" class="mw-redirect" title="Chili paste">Chili paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrain" title="Chrain">Chrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_jam" title="Coconut jam">Coconut jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_paste" title="Fish paste">Fish paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gochujang" title="Gochujang">Gochujang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_spread" title="Liver spread">Liver spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyopolou" title="Kyopolou">Kyopolou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maafe" class="mw-redirect" title="Maafe">Maafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malidzano" title="Malidzano">Malidzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_extract" title="Meat extract">Meat extract</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bovril" title="Bovril">Bovril</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murri_(condiment)" title="Murri (condiment)">Murri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_butter" title="Nut butter">Nut butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palapa_(condiment)" title="Palapa (condiment)">Palapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindjur" title="Pindjur">Pindjur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roe" title="Roe">Roe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caviar" title="Caviar">Caviar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahawiq" title="Sahawiq">Sahawiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapai" title="Tapai">Tapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasabi#As_condiment" title="Wasabi">Wasabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_extract" title="Yeast extract">Yeast extract</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marmite" title="Marmite">Marmite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegemite" title="Vegemite">Vegemite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacusc%C4%83" title="Zacuscă">Zacuscă</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oils and liquids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chili_oil" title="Chili oil">Chili oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halford_Leicestershire_Table_Sauce" title="Halford Leicestershire Table Sauce">Halford Leicestershire Table Sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_oil" title="Mustard oil">Mustard oil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Olive oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patis_(sauce)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patis (sauce)">Patis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_oil" title="Perilla oil">Perilla oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponzu" title="Ponzu">Ponzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmoriglio" title="Salmoriglio">Salmoriglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_oil" title="Sesame oil">Sesame oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">Soy sauce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soup_soy_sauce" title="Soup soy sauce">Soup soy sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_soy_sauce" title="Sweet soy sauce">Sweet soy sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyomansi" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyomansi">Toyomansi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrup" title="Syrup">Syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire_sauce" title="Worcestershire sauce">Worcestershire sauce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tonkatsu_sauce" title="Tonkatsu sauce">Tonkatsu sauce</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spices and powders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/As%C3%ADn_tibuok" title="Asín tibuok">Asín tibuok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipotle" title="Chipotle">Chipotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushed_red_pepper" title="Crushed red pepper">Crushed red pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomashio" title="Gomashio">Gomashio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSG" class="mw-redirect" title="MSG">MSG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutritional_yeast" title="Nutritional yeast">Nutritional yeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popcorn_seasoning" title="Popcorn seasoning">Popcorn seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_and_pepper" title="Salt and pepper">Salt and pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekka" title="Tekka">Tekka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Salads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_style" title="Carolina style">Carolina style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleslaw" title="Coleslaw">Coleslaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachumbari" title="Kachumbari">Kachumbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachumber" title="Kachumber">Kachumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_(Mexican_cuisine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsa (Mexican cuisine)">Salsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pico_de_gallo" title="Pico de gallo">Pico de gallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_criolla" title="Salsa criolla">Salsa criolla</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salad_dressing" title="Salad dressing">Dressings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_cheese_dressing" title="Blue cheese dressing">Blue cheese dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_dressing" title="French dressing">French dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_dressing" title="Ginger dressing">Ginger dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_goddess_dressing" title="Green goddess dressing">Green goddess dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_dressing" title="Italian dressing">Italian dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_dressing" title="Louis dressing">Louis dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfair_salad_dressing" title="Mayfair salad dressing">Mayfair salad dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch_dressing" title="Ranch dressing">Ranch dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_dressing" title="Russian dressing">Russian dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salad_cream" title="Salad cream">Salad cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahini sauce">Tahini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Island_dressing" title="Thousand Island dressing">Thousand Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinaigrette" title="Vinaigrette">Vinaigrette</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wafu_dressing" title="Wafu dressing">Wafu dressing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup">Ketchups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_ketchup" title="Banana ketchup">Banana ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_ketchup" title="Curry ketchup">Curry ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_ketchup" title="Fruit ketchup">Fruit ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_ketchup" title="Mushroom ketchup">Mushroom ketchup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)" title="Mustard (condiment)">Mustards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dijon_mustard" title="Dijon mustard">Dijon mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_mustard" class="mw-redirect" title="Honey mustard">Honey mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karashi" title="Karashi">Karashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasundi" title="Kasundi">Kasundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostarda" title="Mostarda">Mostarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)#Spicy_brown/deli-style_mustard" title="Mustard (condiment)">Spicy brown mustard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creole_mustard" title="Creole mustard">Creole mustard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)#Sweet_mustard" title="Mustard (condiment)">Sweet mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecuci" title="Tecuci">Tecuci mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewkesbury_mustard" title="Tewkesbury mustard">Tewkesbury mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turun_sinappi" title="Turun sinappi">Turun sinappi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)#American/yellow_mustard" title="Mustard (condiment)">Yellow mustard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">Vinegars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_cider_vinegar" title="Apple cider vinegar">Apple cider vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balsamic_vinegar" title="Balsamic vinegar">Balsamic vinegar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balsamic_vinegar_of_Modena" title="Balsamic vinegar of Modena">Balsamic vinegar of Modena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_vinegar" title="Black vinegar">Black vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaong_palm_vinegar" title="Kaong palm vinegar">Kaong palm vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_vinegar" class="mw-redirect" title="Malt vinegar">Malt vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipa_palm_vinegar" title="Nipa palm vinegar">Nipa palm vinegar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accompaniments_to_french_fries" title="List of accompaniments to french fries">Accompaniments to french fries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_brand_name_condiments" title="List of brand name condiments">Brand name condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chutneys" title="List of chutneys">Chutneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_paste#Traditional_pastes" title="Fish paste">Fish pastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fish_sauces" title="List of fish sauces">Fish sauces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_condiments" title="List of Indian condiments">Indian condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_condiments" title="List of Indonesian condiments">Indonesian condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_condiments" title="List of Japanese condiments">Japanese condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayonnaises" title="List of mayonnaises">Mayonnaises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mustard_brands" title="List of mustard brands">Mustard brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hot_sauces" title="List of hot sauces">Hot sauces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_condiments" title="List of Pakistani condiments">Pakistani condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_condiments" title="Philippine condiments">Philippine condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pickled_foods" title="List of pickled foods">Pickled foods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accoutrements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cruet-stand" title="Cruet-stand">Cruet-stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachet_(scented_bag)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sachet (scented bag)">Sachet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_and_pepper_shakers" title="Salt and pepper shakers">Salt and pepper shakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_bottle" title="Squeeze bottle">Squeeze bottle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mediterranean_cuisine100" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Template:Mediterranean cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Template talk:Mediterranean cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mediterranean cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mediterranean_cuisine100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_cuisine" title="Maghrebi cuisine">Maghrebi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_cuisine" title="Algerian cuisine">Algerian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakhchoukha" title="Chakhchoukha">Chakhchoukha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_cuisine" title="Berber cuisine">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_cuisine" title="Libyan cuisine">Libyan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bazin_(bread)" title="Bazin (bread)">Bazin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_cuisine" title="Moroccan cuisine">Moroccan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9choui" title="Méchoui">Méchoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajine">Tajine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_cuisine" title="Tunisian cuisine">Tunisian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shakshouka" title="Shakshouka">Shakshouka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Regional <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous">Couscous</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ful_medames" title="Ful medames">Ful medames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kushari">Kushari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulukhiyah" title="Mulukhiyah">Mulukhiyah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamin" title="Hamin">Hamin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_cuisine" title="Jordanian cuisine">Jordanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mansaf" title="Mansaf">Mansaf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine" title="Lebanese cuisine">Lebanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Palestinian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musakhan" title="Musakhan">Musakhan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Syrian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Hummus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine#Cheeses" title="Turkish cuisine">Cheeses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_desserts" title="List of Turkish desserts">Desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine#Kebabs" title="Turkish cuisine">Kebabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rak%C4%B1" title="Rakı">Rakı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_in_Turkey" title="Tea in Turkey">Turkish tea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyros_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyros (food)">Gyros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_salad" title="Greek salad">Greek salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stifado" class="mw-redirect" title="Stifado">Stifado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feta" title="Feta">Feta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skordalia" title="Skordalia">Skordalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loukaniko" title="Loukaniko">Loukaniko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melomakarono" title="Melomakarono">Melomakarono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Ionian_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of the Ionian islands">Ionian Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourdeto" title="Bourdeto">Bourdeto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastitsada" title="Pastitsada">Pastitsada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_cuisine" title="Cretan cuisine">Crete</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dakos" title="Dakos">Dakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paximathia" title="Paximathia">Paximadi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_cuisine" title="Aromanian cuisine">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnian and Herzegovinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Regional <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">Pita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_kebab" title="Shish kebab">Shish kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">Yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussaka" title="Moussaka">Moussaka</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Regional <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">Pasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">Pizza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Abruzzese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrosticini" title="Arrosticini">Arrosticini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortadella_di_Campotosto" title="Mortadella di Campotosto">Mortadella di Campotosto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maccheroni_alla_chitarra" class="mw-redirect" title="Maccheroni alla chitarra">Maccheroni alla chitarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzelle" title="Pizzelle">Pizzelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timballo" title="Timballo">Timballo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocconotto" title="Bocconotto">Bocconotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parrozzo" title="Parrozzo">Parrozzo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulian_cuisine" title="Apulian cuisine">Apulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_cuisine" title="Arbëreshë cuisine">Arbëreshë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilian_cuisine" title="Emilian cuisine">Emilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria" title="Cuisine of Liguria">Ligurian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciuppin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciuppin">Ciuppin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focaccia" title="Focaccia">Focaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesto" title="Pesto">Pesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravioli" title="Ravioli">Ravioli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Mantua" title="Cuisine of Mantua">Mantuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata" title="Cuisine of Basilicata">Lucanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_rag%C3%B9" title="Neapolitan ragù">Neapolitan ragù</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_e_fagioli" title="Pasta e fagioli">Pasta e fagioli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cuisine" title="Roman cuisine">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonara" title="Carbonara">Carbonara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardinian cuisine">Sardinian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pane_carasau" title="Pane carasau">Pane carasau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malloreddus" title="Malloreddus">Malloreddus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirto_(liqueur)" title="Mirto (liqueur)">Mirto (liqueur)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbamele" title="Abbamele">Abbamele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecorino_sardo" title="Pecorino sardo">Pecorino sardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culurgi%C3%B2nes" class="mw-redirect" title="Culurgiònes">Culurgiònes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottarga" title="Bottarga">Bottarga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seada" title="Seada">Seada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannoli" title="Cannoli">Cannoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caponata" title="Caponata">Caponata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_alla_Norma" title="Pasta alla Norma">Pasta alla Norma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaccia" title="Scaccia">Scaccia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_cuisine" title="Tuscan cuisine">Tuscan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ribollita" title="Ribollita">Ribollita</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_cuisine" title="Venetian cuisine">Venetian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpaccio" title="Carpaccio">Carpaccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">Polenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risotto" title="Risotto">Risotto</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica" title="Cuisine of Corsica">Corsican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brocciu" title="Brocciu">Brocciu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_cuisine" title="Occitan cuisine">Occitan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassoulet" title="Cassoulet">Cassoulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandade" title="Brandade">Brandade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provencal_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Provencal cuisine">Provencal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouillabaisse" title="Bouillabaisse">Bouillabaisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratatouille" title="Ratatouille">Ratatouille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salade_ni%C3%A7oise" title="Salade niçoise">Salade niçoise</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_cuisine" title="Andalusian cuisine">Andalusian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gazpacho" title="Gazpacho">Gazpacho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">Sherry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_cuisine" title="Balearic cuisine">Balearic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caldereta" class="mw-redirect" title="Caldereta">Caldereta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombet" title="Tombet">Tombet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cuisine" title="Catalan cuisine">Catalan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escalivada" title="Escalivada">Escalivada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escudella_i_carn_d%27olla" class="mw-redirect" title="Escudella i carn d'olla">Escudella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollada" title="Ollada">Ollada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_cuisine" title="Valencian cuisine">Valencian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paella" title="Paella">Paella</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Monégasque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cypriot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afelia" title="Afelia">Afelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloumi" title="Halloumi">Halloumi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Maltese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Staples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">Wheat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">Bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous">Couscous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">Pasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">Pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semolina" title="Semolina">Semolina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olive</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Olive oil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">Grape</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shared</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisette" 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