CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3c4ff78f-b51c-4a62-adae-c9ac35d6632b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic","wgTitle":"Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic","wgCurRevisionId":1258730351,"wgRevisionId":1258730351,"wgArticleId":380350,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the EasyTimeline extension","CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","CS1 Latvian-language sources (lv)","CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from December 2017","Articles with permanently dead external links","CS1: long volume value","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas", "Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use British English from May 2024","Use dmy dates from May 2024","Articles needing cleanup from June 2022","All pages needing cleanup","Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from June 2022","Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from June 2022","Articles containing Latvian-language text","Articles containing Russian-language text","Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters","Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from June 2022","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023","Articles with peacock terms from June 2022","All articles with peacock terms","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2023", "Coordinates on Wikidata","Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic","Communism in Latvia","Eastern Bloc","Republics of the Soviet Union","Occupation of the Baltic states","Soviet military occupations","1940s in Latvia","1950s in Latvia","1960s in Latvia","1970s in Latvia","1980s in Latvia","1990s in Latvia","1940 establishments in Latvia","1991 disestablishments in Latvia","1940 establishments in the Soviet Union","1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union","Political history of Latvia","Former client states","Former socialist republics","20th century in Latvia","States and territories established in 1940","States and territories disestablished in 1991"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic","wgRelevantArticleId":380350,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":56.95805555555556,"lon":24.102500000000003},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q192180","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","ext.timeline.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.timeline.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/1200px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/800px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="400"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/640px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="320"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic rootpage-Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Latvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Latvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Latvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Latvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Creation,_1940" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation,_1940"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Creation, 1940</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation,_1940-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Era_of_Kalnbērziņš,_1940–1959" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Era_of_Kalnbērziņš,_1940–1959"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Era of Kalnbērziņš, 1940–1959</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Era_of_Kalnbērziņš,_1940–1959-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Era of Kalnbērziņš, 1940–1959 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Era_of_Kalnbērziņš,_1940–1959-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Horrible_Year,_1940–41" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Horrible_Year,_1940–41"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>The Horrible Year, 1940–41</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Horrible_Year,_1940–41-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-14_June_deportations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#14_June_deportations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>14 June deportations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-14_June_deportations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II,_1941–1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II,_1941–1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>World War II, 1941–1945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II,_1941–1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stalinism_re-imposed,_1945–1953" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stalinism_re-imposed,_1945–1953"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Stalinism re-imposed, 1945–1953</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stalinism_re-imposed,_1945–1953-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Guerrilla_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guerrilla_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Guerrilla movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guerrilla_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deportations_of_1949" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deportations_of_1949"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Deportations of 1949</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deportations_of_1949-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collectivization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collectivization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Collectivization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collectivization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_dominance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_dominance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Russian dominance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_dominance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Communists,_1953–1959" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Communists,_1953–1959"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>National Communists, 1953–1959</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Communists,_1953–1959-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Era_of_Pelše,_1959–1966" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Era_of_Pelše,_1959–1966"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Era of Pelše, 1959–1966</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Era_of_Pelše,_1959–1966-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Era_of_Voss,_1966–1984" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Era_of_Voss,_1966–1984"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Era of Voss, 1966–1984</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Era_of_Voss,_1966–1984-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Era_of_Pugo,_1984–1988" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Era_of_Pugo,_1984–1988"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Era of Pugo, 1984–1988</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Era_of_Pugo,_1984–1988-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Era of Pugo, 1984–1988 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Era_of_Pugo,_1984–1988-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_reawakening,_1985–1990" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_reawakening,_1985–1990"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>National reawakening, 1985–1990</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_reawakening,_1985–1990-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collapse_of_the_Soviet_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collapse_of_the_Soviet_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Collapse of the Soviet rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collapse_of_the_Soviet_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_army_presence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_army_presence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Soviet army presence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_army_presence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>International status</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_status-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International status subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Soviet_sources_before_Perestroika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_sources_before_Perestroika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Soviet sources before Perestroika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_sources_before_Perestroika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_position_of_the_Russian_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_position_of_the_Russian_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Current position of the Russian government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_position_of_the_Russian_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettiese_Sosialistiese_Sowjetrepubliek" title="Lettiese Sosialistiese Sowjetrepubliek – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lettiese Sosialistiese Sowjetrepubliek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جمهورية لاتفيا الاشتراكية السوفيتية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمهورية لاتفيا الاشتراكية السوفيتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Socialista_Sovi%C3%A9tica_de_Letonia" title="República Socialista Soviética de Letonia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="República Socialista Soviética de Letonia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latviya_Sovet_Sosialist_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Latviya Sovet Sosialist Respublikası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Latviya Sovet Sosialist Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="لتونی شوروی سوسیالیست جومهوریتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لتونی شوروی سوسیالیست جومهوریتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia_Soviet_Si%C4%81-ho%C4%93-ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB_Ki%C5%8Dng-h%C3%B4-kok" title="Latvia Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Latvia Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Латвійская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Латвійская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Латвійская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Латвійская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Латвийска съветска социалистическа република – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Латвийска съветска социалистическа република" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS_Latvia" title="RSS Latvia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="RSS Latvia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Socialista_Sovi%C3%A8tica_de_Let%C3%B2nia" title="República Socialista Soviètica de Letònia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="República Socialista Soviètica de Letònia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loty%C5%A1sk%C3%A1_sov%C4%9Btsk%C3%A1_socialistick%C3%A1_republika" title="Lotyšská sovětská socialistická republika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lotyšská sovětská socialistická republika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettiske_SSR" title="Lettiske SSR – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lettiske SSR" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettische_Sozialistische_Sowjetrepublik" title="Lettische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lettische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4ti_NSV" title="Läti NSV – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Läti NSV" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Λετονική Σοβιετική Σοσιαλιστική Δημοκρατία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λετονική Σοβιετική Σοσιαλιστική Δημοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Socialista_Sovi%C3%A9tica_de_Letonia" title="República Socialista Soviética de Letonia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República Socialista Soviética de Letonia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latva_Soveta_Socialisma_Respubliko" title="Latva Soveta Socialisma Respubliko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Latva Soveta Socialisma Respubliko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letoniako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Letoniako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Letoniako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جمهوری شوروی سوسیالیستی لتونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری شوروی سوسیالیستی لتونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_socialiste_sovi%C3%A9tique_de_Lettonie" title="République socialiste soviétique de Lettonie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République socialiste soviétique de Lettonie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobblaght_Hoveidjagh_Hoshiallagh_y_Latvey" title="Pobblaght Hoveidjagh Hoshiallagh y Latvey – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Pobblaght Hoveidjagh Hoshiallagh y Latvey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Socialista_Sovi%C3%A9tica_de_Letonia" title="República Socialista Soviética de Letonia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República Socialista Soviética de Letonia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84_%EC%86%8C%EB%B9%84%EC%97%90%ED%8A%B8_%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="라트비아 소비에트 사회주의 공화국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라트비아 소비에트 사회주의 공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Լատվիական Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լատվիական Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiko_Socialista_Sovietiana_Latvia" title="Republiko Socialista Sovietiana Latvia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Republiko Socialista Sovietiana Latvia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Sosialis_Soviet_Latvia" title="Republik Sosialis Soviet Latvia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Sosialis Soviet Latvia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Латвийы Советон Социалистон Республикæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Латвийы Советон Социалистон Республикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_Socialista_Sovietica_Lettone" title="Repubblica Socialista Sovietica Lettone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica Socialista Sovietica Lettone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הרפובליקה הסובייטית הסוציאליסטית הלטבית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרפובליקה הסובייטית הסוציאליסטית הלטבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%AD%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ლატვიის საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლატვიის საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Латвия Кеңестік Социалистік Республикасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Латвия Кеңестік Социалистік Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Латвия Советтик Социалисттик Республикасы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Латвия Советтик Социалисттик Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D_%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94_%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1_%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94" title="ລັດເວຍ ສາທາລະນະລັດ ສັງຄົມນິຍົມ ໂຊວຽດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລັດເວຍ ສາທາລະນະລັດ ສັງຄົມນິຍົມ ໂຊວຽດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvijas_PSR" title="Latvijas PSR – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Latvijas PSR" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvijos_TSR" title="Latvijos TSR – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Latvijos TSR" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubbrica_Socialista_Sovietica_da_Lett%C3%B2nia" title="Repubbrica Socialista Sovietica da Lettònia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Repubbrica Socialista Sovietica da Lettònia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republega_Socialista_Sovietega_Leton" title="Republega Socialista Sovietega Leton – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Republega Socialista Sovietega Leton" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lett_Szovjet_Szocialista_K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Lett Szovjet Szocialista Köztársaság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lett Szovjet Szocialista Köztársaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Латвиска Советска Социјалистичка Република – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Латвиска Советска Социјалистичка Република" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="लात्व्हियन सोव्हिएत साम्यवादी गणराज्य – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लात्व्हियन सोव्हिएत साम्यवादी गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ლატვიაშ სხუნუეფიშ სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლატვიაშ სხუნუეფიშ სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Sosialis_Soviet_Latvia" title="Republik Sosialis Soviet Latvia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republik Sosialis Soviet Latvia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Латвиянь Советонь Социализмань Республикась – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Латвиянь Советонь Социализмань Республикась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letse_Socialistische_Sovjetrepubliek" title="Letse Socialistische Sovjetrepubliek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Letse Socialistische Sovjetrepubliek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%88%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%93%E3%82%A8%E3%83%88%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="ラトビア・ソビエト社会主義共和国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラトビア・ソビエト社会主義共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Латышийн Советийн Социалистийн Республика – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Латышийн Советийн Социалистийн Республика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letisk_Sosialistisk_Sowjetrepubliik" title="Letisk Sosialistisk Sowjetrepubliik – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Letisk Sosialistisk Sowjetrepubliik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_latviske_sosialistiske_sovjetrepublikk" title="Den latviske sosialistiske sovjetrepublikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den latviske sosialistiske sovjetrepublikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latviya_Sovet_Sotsialistik_Respublikasi" title="Latviya Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Latviya Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="لیٹویائی سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیٹویائی سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81otewska_Socjalistyczna_Republika_Radziecka" title="Łotewska Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łotewska Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Socialista_Sovi%C3%A9tica_da_Let%C3%B4nia" title="República Socialista Soviética da Letônia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="República Socialista Soviética da Letônia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Sovietic%C4%83_Socialist%C4%83_Leton%C4%83" title="Republica Sovietică Socialistă Letonă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Republica Sovietică Socialistă Letonă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Латвийская Советская Социалистическая Республика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Латвийская Советская Социалистическая Республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9brica_Sotzial%C3%ACsta_Sovi%C3%A8tica_de_Let%C3%B2nia" title="Repùbrica Sotzialìsta Soviètica de Letònia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Repùbrica Sotzialìsta Soviètica de Letònia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvie_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Latvie Soviet Socialist Republic – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Latvie Soviet Socialist Republic" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loty%C5%A1sk%C3%A1_sovietska_socialistick%C3%A1_republika" title="Lotyšská sovietska socialistická republika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lotyšská sovietska socialistická republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvijska_sovjetska_socialisti%C4%8Dna_republika" title="Latvijska sovjetska socialistična republika – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Latvijska sovjetska socialistična republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%86%DA%A4%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کۆماری سۆسیالیستی سۆڤیەتی لاتڤیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆماری سۆسیالیستی سۆڤیەتی لاتڤیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Летонска Совјетска Социјалистичка Република – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Летонска Совјетска Социјалистичка Република" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvijska_Sovjetska_Socijalisti%C4%8Dka_Republika" title="Latvijska Sovjetska Socijalistička Republika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Latvijska Sovjetska Socijalistička Republika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_sosialistinen_neuvostotasavalta" title="Latvian sosialistinen neuvostotasavalta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Latvian sosialistinen neuvostotasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettiska_SSR" title="Lettiska SSR – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lettiska SSR" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobyetikong_Sosyalistang_Republika_ng_Letonya" title="Sobyetikong Sosyalistang Republika ng Letonya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sobyetikong Sosyalistang Republika ng Letonya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Латвия Совет Социалистик Республикасы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Латвия Совет Социалистик Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="สาธารณรัฐสังคมนิยมโซเวียตลัตเวีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐสังคมนิยมโซเวียตลัตเวีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letonya_Sovyet_Sosyalist_Cumhuriyeti" title="Letonya Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Letonya Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0" title="Латви ССР – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Латви ССР" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Латвійська Радянська Соціалістична Республіка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Латвійська Радянська Соціалістична Республіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="لیٹویائی سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لیٹویائی سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_X%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i_ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_X%C3%B4_vi%E1%BA%BFt_Latvia" title="Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Xô viết Latvia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Xô viết Latvia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="拉脱维亚苏维埃社会主义共和国 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拉脱维亚苏维埃社会主义共和国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="拉脫維亞蘇維埃社會主義共和國 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拉脫維亞蘇維埃社會主義共和國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="拉脱维亚苏维埃社会主义共和国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉脱维亚苏维埃社会主义共和国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192180#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&oldid=1258730351" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&id=1258730351&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLatvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLatvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192180" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&params=56_57_29_N_24_6_9_E_type:country"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">56°57′29″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°6′9″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">56.95806°N 24.10250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">56.95806; 24.10250</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Constituent republic of the Soviet Union (1940–1941; 1944–1990)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Latvian SSR" redirects here. For the short-lived Soviet republic proclaimed in 1918, see <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Socialist_Soviet_Republic" title="Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic">Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: <b>Vast portions of this page lack sufficient or any sources.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Special:EditPage/Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic">improve this article</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic</div><div class="ib-country-names"><div style="line-height:1.1em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Latvian-language text"><span lang="lv" style="font-style: normal;">Latvijas Padomju Sociālistiskā Republika</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru" style="font-style: normal;">Латвийская Советская Социалистическая Республика</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>)</span></li></ul></div></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1940–1990<br />1941–1944/45: <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ostland" title="Reichskommissariat Ostland">German</a> occupation</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1953%E2%80%931990).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Latvian SSR"><img alt="Flag of Latvian SSR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Flag of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic">Flag</a><br />(1953–1990)</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Latvian_SSR.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="State emblem (1940–1990) of Latvian SSR"><img alt="State emblem (1940–1990) of Latvian SSR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_the_Latvian_SSR.svg/85px-Emblem_of_the_Latvian_SSR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_the_Latvian_SSR.svg/128px-Emblem_of_the_Latvian_SSR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_the_Latvian_SSR.svg/170px-Emblem_of_the_Latvian_SSR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="587" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Emblem of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic">State emblem</a><br />(1940–1990)</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b><a href="/wiki/Workers_of_the_world,_unite!" title="Workers of the world, unite!">Visu zemju proletārieši, savienojieties!</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a>)</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">"Workers of the world, unite!"</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Anthem of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic">Anthem of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic</a><br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="189" data-mwtitle="Anthem-ssr-latvian-instr-1968.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Anthem-ssr-latvian-instr-1968.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/Anthem-ssr-latvian-instr-1968.ogg/Anthem-ssr-latvian-instr-1968.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_Union_-_Latvian_SSR.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of annexed Latvia (red) within the Soviet Union (cream)"><img alt="Location of annexed Latvia (red) within the Soviet Union (cream)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Soviet_Union_-_Latvian_SSR.svg/250px-Soviet_Union_-_Latvian_SSR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Soviet_Union_-_Latvian_SSR.svg/375px-Soviet_Union_-_Latvian_SSR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Soviet_Union_-_Latvian_SSR.svg/500px-Soviet_Union_-_Latvian_SSR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="376" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Location of annexed Latvia (red) within the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (cream)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states#State_continuity_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Internationally unrecognized territory occupied by the Soviet Union</a><br />(1940–1941, 1944–1990)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (1989)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">52% <a href="/wiki/Latvians" title="Latvians">Latvians</a> <br /> 33% <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> <br /> 4% <a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusians</a> <br /> 3% <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> <br /> 2% <a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Latvia" title="Poles in Latvia">Poles</a> <br /> 1% <a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanians</a> <br /> 1% <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latvia" title="History of the Jews in Latvia">Jews</a> <br /> 2% Others</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">Secular state</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i>)<br /><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian people">Latvian</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Soviet_people" title="Soviet people">Soviet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a> <a href="/wiki/Marxism-Leninism" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxism-Leninism">Marxist-Leninist</a> <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party</a> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_republic_(system_of_government)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet republic (system of government)">soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">socialist republic</a> (1940–1989)<br /><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a> <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">parliamentary republic</a> (1989–1990)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Latvia" title="Communist Party of Latvia">First Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1940–1959 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81nis_Kalnb%C4%93rzi%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Jānis Kalnbērziņš">Jānis Kalnbērziņš</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1959–1966 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arv%C4%ABds_Pel%C5%A1e" title="Arvīds Pelše">Arvīds Pelše</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1966–1984 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Augusts_Voss" title="Augusts Voss">Augusts Voss</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1984–1988 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boriss_Pugo" class="mw-redirect" title="Boriss Pugo">Boriss Pugo</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1988–1990 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81nis_Vagris" title="Jānis Vagris">Jānis Vagris</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chairmen_of_the_Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="List of chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic">Head of state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1940–1952 (first) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Augusts_Kirhen%C5%A1teins" title="Augusts Kirhenšteins">Augusts Kirhenšteins</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1988–1990 (last) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anatolijs_Gorbunovs" title="Anatolijs Gorbunovs">Anatolijs Gorbunovs</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chairmen_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="List of chairmen of the Council of Ministers of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic">Head of government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1940–1959 (first) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vilis_L%C4%81cis" title="Vilis Lācis">Vilis Lācis</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1988–1990 (last) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vilnis_Edv%C4%ABns_Bresis" title="Vilnis Edvīns Bresis">Vilnis Edvīns Bresis</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Latvian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR">Supreme Soviet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Latvia_in_1940" title="Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940">Soviet occupation</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">17 June 1940</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Socialist Republic">SSR</a> established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">21 July 1940</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Illegally annexed by <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> continued <i>de jure</i> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 August 1940</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ostland" title="Reichskommissariat Ostland">Nazi occupation</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1941–1945</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Soviet re-occupation<br />SSR re-established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1944/1945</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Declaration of state sovereignty </div></th><td class="infobox-data">28 July 1989</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/On_the_Restoration_of_Independence_of_the_Republic_of_Latvia" title="On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia">Independence restored</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">4 May 1990</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Independence recognized by the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="State Council of the Soviet Union">State Council of the Soviet Union</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">6 September 1991</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_rouble" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet rouble">Soviet rouble</a> (Rbl) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">SUR</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Calling code</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Telephone numbers in the Soviet Union">+7</a> 013</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic</b> (<b>Latvian SSR</b>, also known as just <b>Latvia</b>) was <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> one of the <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">constituent republics</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> between 1940–1941 and 1944–1990. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1940)" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)">Soviet occupation and annexation of Latvia</a> began in June and August 1939, according to the agreed terms of the <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a>'s secret protocol. In 1939, Latvia was forced to grant military bases on its soil to the Soviet Union, and in 1940 the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> moved into Latvia, effectively annexing it into the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The territory changed hands during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II,</a> with <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> occupying a large portion of Latvian territory from 1941 to 1944/1945, before the Soviet Union <a href="/wiki/Soviet_re-occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1944)" title="Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)">re-occupied it</a> in 1944 and 1945. The Soviet <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">occupation of the Baltic states</a> from 1939 to 1940 and 1944–1991 is widely considered illegal by the international community and human rights organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-europarl.europa.eu_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-europarl.europa.eu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soviet instability in the 1980s and the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> provided an opportunity for Latvia to restore its independence. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creation,_1940"><span id="Creation.2C_1940"></span>Creation, 1940</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Creation, 1940"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Socialist_Soviet_Republic" title="Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic">Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Latvia_in_1940" title="Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940">Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H27337,_Moskau,_Stalin_und_Ribbentrop_im_Kreml.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H27337%2C_Moskau%2C_Stalin_und_Ribbentrop_im_Kreml.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H27337%2C_Moskau%2C_Stalin_und_Ribbentrop_im_Kreml.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H27337%2C_Moskau%2C_Stalin_und_Ribbentrop_im_Kreml.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H27337%2C_Moskau%2C_Stalin_und_Ribbentrop_im_Kreml.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H27337%2C_Moskau%2C_Stalin_und_Ribbentrop_im_Kreml.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H27337%2C_Moskau%2C_Stalin_und_Ribbentrop_im_Kreml.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1185" data-file-height="1562" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On 24 September 1939, the USSR entered the airspace of <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, flying numerous intelligence-gathering operations. On 25 September, Moscow demanded that Estonia sign a <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Estonian_Mutual_Assistance_Treaty" title="Soviet–Estonian Mutual Assistance Treaty">Soviet–Estonian Mutual Assistance Treaty</a> to allow the USSR to establish military bases and station troops on its soil.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Latvia was next in line, as the USSR demanded the signing of a similar treaty. The authoritarian government of <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81rlis_Ulmanis" title="Kārlis Ulmanis">Kārlis Ulmanis</a> accepted the ultimatum, signing the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Latvian_Mutual_Assistance_Treaty" title="Soviet–Latvian Mutual Assistance Treaty">Soviet–Latvian Mutual Assistance Treaty</a> on 5 October 1939. On 16 June 1940, after the USSR had already invaded Lithuania, it issued an ultimatum to Latvia, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Latvia_in_1940" title="Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940">Soviet occupation of Latvia</a> on 17 June. </p><p>Soviet foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a> accused Latvia and the other Baltic states of forming a military conspiracy against the Soviet Union, and so Moscow presented ultimatums, demanding new concessions, which included the replacement of governments with new ones, "determined to fulfill the treaties of friendship sincerely" and allowing an unlimited number of troops to enter the three countries.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hundreds of thousands of Soviet troops entered Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These additional Soviet military forces far outnumbered the armies of each country.<sup id="cite_ref-Black_book_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black_book-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ulmanis government decided that, in conditions of international isolation and the overwhelming Soviet force both on the borders and inside the country, it was better to avoid bloodshed and unwinnable war.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Latvian army did not fire a shot and was quickly decimated by purges and included in the Soviet Army. </p><p>Ulmanis' government resigned and was replaced by a left-wing government created under instructions from the USSR embassy. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Up until the <a href="/wiki/1940_Latvian_parliamentary_election" title="1940 Latvian parliamentary election">election of the People's Parliament</a> on 14–15 July 1940, there were no public statements about governmental plans to introduce a Soviet political order or to join the Soviet Union. Soon after the occupation, the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Latvia" title="Communist Party of Latvia">Communist Party of Latvia</a> became the only legal party and presented the "<a href="/wiki/Latvian_Working_People%27s_Bloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian Working People's Bloc">Latvian Working People's Bloc</a>" for the elections.<sup id="cite_ref-VM_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VM-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the only permitted participant in the election after an attempt by other politicians to include the Democratic Bloc (an alliance of all banned Latvian parties, except the <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Social_Democratic_Workers%27_Party" title="Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party">Social Democratic Workers' Party</a>) on the ballot was prevented by the government. Its office was closed, election leaflets confiscated, and its leaders arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-MT_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MT-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The election results were fabricated; the Soviet press released them so early that they appeared in a London newspaper 24 hours before the polls closed.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TSOL_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TSOL-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All Soviet army personnel present in the country were allowed to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-AOTMSN_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AOTMSN-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The newly elected <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Parliament" title="People's Parliament">People's Parliament</a> convened on 21 July to declare the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Latvian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian SSR">Latvian SSR</a> and request admission to the Soviet Union on the same day. Such a change in the basic constitutional order of the state was illegal under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Latvia" title="Constitution of Latvia">Constitution of Latvia</a> because such a change could only be enacted after a plebiscite with two-thirds of the electorate's approval. On 5 August, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union</a> completed the annexation process by accepting the Latvian petition and formally incorporating Latvia into the Soviet Union. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Some Latvian diplomats stayed in the West, and the <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Diplomatic_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian Diplomatic Service">Latvian Diplomatic Service</a> continued to advocate the cause of Latvia's freedom for the next 50 years. </p><p>Following the Soviet pattern, the real power in the republic was in the hands of the First Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Latvia" title="Communist Party of Latvia">Communist Party of Latvia</a> as the titular head of the republic (Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet), and the head of the executive (the Chairman of the Soviet of the Ministers), were in subordinate positions. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Therefore, the history of Soviet Latvia can broadly be divided into the periods of rule by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_First_Secretaries_of_the_Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Latvia" title="List of First Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Latvia">First Secretaries</a>: <a href="/wiki/J%C4%81nis_Kalnb%C4%93rzi%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Jānis Kalnbērziņš">Jānis Kalnbērziņš</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arv%C4%ABds_Pel%C5%A1e" title="Arvīds Pelše">Arvīds Pelše</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augusts_Voss" title="Augusts Voss">Augusts Voss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pugo" title="Boris Pugo">Boris Pugo</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Era_of_Kalnbērziņš,_1940–1959"><span id="Era_of_Kalnb.C4.93rzi.C5.86.C5.A1.2C_1940.E2.80.931959"></span>Era of Kalnbērziņš, 1940–1959</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Era of Kalnbērziņš, 1940–1959"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Horrible_Year,_1940–41"><span id="The_Horrible_Year.2C_1940.E2.80.9341"></span>The Horrible Year, 1940–41</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Horrible Year, 1940–41"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Latvijas_PSR_Dr%C4%81matiskais_te%C4%81tris._1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Latvijas_PSR_Dr%C4%81matiskais_te%C4%81tris._1940.jpg/220px-Latvijas_PSR_Dr%C4%81matiskais_te%C4%81tris._1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Latvijas_PSR_Dr%C4%81matiskais_te%C4%81tris._1940.jpg/330px-Latvijas_PSR_Dr%C4%81matiskais_te%C4%81tris._1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Latvijas_PSR_Dr%C4%81matiskais_te%C4%81tris._1940.jpg/440px-Latvijas_PSR_Dr%C4%81matiskais_te%C4%81tris._1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>The National Theater housed the People's Parliament in 1940</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Riga._Parade._November-7-1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Riga._Parade._November-7-1940.jpg/220px-Riga._Parade._November-7-1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Riga._Parade._November-7-1940.jpg/330px-Riga._Parade._November-7-1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Riga._Parade._November-7-1940.jpg/440px-Riga._Parade._November-7-1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2412" data-file-height="1688" /></a><figcaption>Demonstration in Riga on 7 November 1940</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LatvianSSRElection1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/LatvianSSRElection1941.jpg/220px-LatvianSSRElection1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/LatvianSSRElection1941.jpg/330px-LatvianSSRElection1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/LatvianSSRElection1941.jpg/440px-LatvianSSRElection1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2685" data-file-height="1809" /></a><figcaption>Poster of the Latvian SSR Supreme Soviet Election on 12 January 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>In the following months of 1940, the Soviet Constitution and criminal code (copied from Russian) were introduced. The elections of July 1940 were followed by elections to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union</a> in January 1941. The remaining <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Germans" title="Baltic Germans">Baltic Germans</a> and anyone that could claim to be one emigrated to the German Reich.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 7 August 1940, all print media and printing houses were nationalized. Most existing magazines and newspapers were discontinued or appeared under new Soviet names. In November 1940, banning of books began; in total, some 4,000 titles were banned and removed from circulation. Arrests and deportations of some authors, like <a href="/wiki/Aleksandrs_Gr%C4%ABns" title="Aleksandrs Grīns">Aleksandrs Grīns</a>, began, while others, such as <a href="/wiki/J%C4%81nis_Sudrabkalns" title="Jānis Sudrabkalns">Jānis Sudrabkalns</a>, started writing poems about Stalin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As Latvia had implemented a sweeping land reform after the independence, most farms were too small for nationalization. While rumors of impending collectivization were officially denied in 1940 and 52,000 landless peasants were given small plots of up to 10 ha, in early 1941, preparations for collectivization began.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The small size of land plots and imposition of the production quotas and high taxes meant that very soon independent farmers would go bankrupt and had to establish collective farms.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Arrests and deportations to the Soviet Union began even before Latvia officially became a part of it.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Initially, they were limited to the most prominent political and military leaders like President <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81rlis_Ulmanis" title="Kārlis Ulmanis">Kārlis Ulmanis</a>, War Minister <a href="/wiki/J%C4%81nis_Balodis" title="Jānis Balodis">Jānis Balodis</a>, and Army Chief <a href="/wiki/Kri%C5%A1j%C4%81nis_Ber%C4%B7is" title="Krišjānis Berķis">Krišjānis Berķis</a>, who were arrested in July 1940. The Soviet <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> arrested most of the <a href="/wiki/White_%C3%A9migr%C3%A9" title="White émigré">White Russian émigrés</a>, who had found refuge in Latvia. Very soon, purges reached the upper echelons of the puppet government when Minister of Welfare Jūlijs Lācis was arrested.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="14_June_deportations">14 June deportations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 14 June deportations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1940._Liep%C4%81ja._We_ask_for_full_accession_to_the_USSR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/1940._Liep%C4%81ja._We_ask_for_full_accession_to_the_USSR.jpg/270px-1940._Liep%C4%81ja._We_ask_for_full_accession_to_the_USSR.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/1940._Liep%C4%81ja._We_ask_for_full_accession_to_the_USSR.jpg/405px-1940._Liep%C4%81ja._We_ask_for_full_accession_to_the_USSR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/1940._Liep%C4%81ja._We_ask_for_full_accession_to_the_USSR.jpg/540px-1940._Liep%C4%81ja._We_ask_for_full_accession_to_the_USSR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>Soviet propaganda demonstration in <a href="/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja" title="Liepāja">Liepāja</a>, 1940. Posters in Russian say: "We demand full accession to the USSR!"</figcaption></figure> <p>In early 1941, the Soviet central government began planning the mass deportation of <i>anti-Soviet elements</i> from the occupied Baltic states.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In preparation, General <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Serov" title="Ivan Serov">Ivan Serov</a>, Deputy <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Commissar_of_Public_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Commissar of Public Security">People's Commissar of Public Security</a> of the Soviet Union, signed the <a href="/wiki/Serov_Instructions" title="Serov Instructions">Serov Instructions</a>, "Regarding the Procedure for Carrying out the Deportation of Anti-Soviet Elements from Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia." During the night of 13–14 June 1941, 15,424 inhabitants of Latvia — including 1,771 Jews and 742 <a href="/wiki/History_of_Russians_in_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Russians in Latvia">ethnic Russians</a> — were deported to <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">camps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Involuntary_settlements_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union">special settlements</a>, mostly in <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While among the deported were such obvious candidates as former politicians, wealthy bourgeois and farmers, police, members of <a href="/wiki/Aizsargi" title="Aizsargi">Aizsargi</a>, and NGO leaders, even philatelists and enthusiasts of <a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> were included in the <a href="/wiki/June_deportation" title="June deportation">June deportation</a> as unreliable elements. Some 600 Latvian officers were arrested in the <a href="/wiki/Litene" title="Litene">Litene</a> army camp, and many were executed on the spot. Many political prisoners were summarily executed in prisons across Latvia during the hasty Soviet retreat after the German attack on 22 June 1941. Latvia lost some 35,000 people during the first year of Soviet rule.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Some deportees had been warned to stay away from home and hid among friends or in forests.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> After the German-Soviet war began, many formed small guerrilla units, attacked the retreating Red Army soldiers and greeted Germans with the flag of independent Latvia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II,_1941–1945"><span id="World_War_II.2C_1941.E2.80.931945"></span>World War II, 1941–1945</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War II, 1941–1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Latvia_by_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Latvia by Nazi Germany">Occupation of Latvia by Nazi Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Latvia" title="The Holocaust in Latvia">The Holocaust in Latvia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%9345" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–45">Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–45</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L19397,_Lettland,_Riga,_Begr%C3%BC%C3%9Fung_der_deutschen_Soldaten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L19397%2C_Lettland%2C_Riga%2C_Begr%C3%BC%C3%9Fung_der_deutschen_Soldaten.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L19397%2C_Lettland%2C_Riga%2C_Begr%C3%BC%C3%9Fung_der_deutschen_Soldaten.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L19397%2C_Lettland%2C_Riga%2C_Begr%C3%BC%C3%9Fung_der_deutschen_Soldaten.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L19397%2C_Lettland%2C_Riga%2C_Begr%C3%BC%C3%9Fung_der_deutschen_Soldaten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L19397%2C_Lettland%2C_Riga%2C_Begr%C3%BC%C3%9Fung_der_deutschen_Soldaten.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L19397%2C_Lettland%2C_Riga%2C_Begr%C3%BC%C3%9Fung_der_deutschen_Soldaten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>German soldiers greeted in Riga on 1 July 1941</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-765-0596-24,_Lettland,_deutsche_Propagandatafel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-765-0596-24%2C_Lettland%2C_deutsche_Propagandatafel.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-765-0596-24%2C_Lettland%2C_deutsche_Propagandatafel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-765-0596-24%2C_Lettland%2C_deutsche_Propagandatafel.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-765-0596-24%2C_Lettland%2C_deutsche_Propagandatafel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-765-0596-24%2C_Lettland%2C_deutsche_Propagandatafel.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-765-0596-24%2C_Lettland%2C_deutsche_Propagandatafel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="508" /></a><figcaption>"Two Worlds" – an <a href="/wiki/Anti-communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-communist">anti-communist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antisemitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitic">anti-Semitic</a> Nazi <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a> board in Latvia, summer 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>The Nazi invasion launched a week later, cut short immediate plans to deport several hundred thousand more from the Baltic's. Nazi troops occupied Riga on 1 July 1941. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the short interregnum period, Latvians created two bodies that sought to restore independent Latvia: the Central Organizing Committee for Liberated Latvia and the Provisional State Council. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Immediately after the installment of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi German</a> authority, a process of eliminating the <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jewish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Gypsy</a> populations began, with many killings taking place in <a href="/wiki/Rumbula,_Riga" title="Rumbula, Riga">Rumbula</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The killings were committed by the <a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppe_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Einsatzgruppe A">Einsatzgruppe A</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a>, and Marines (in <a href="/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja" title="Liepāja">Liepāja</a>), as well as by Latvian collaborators, including the 500–1,500 members of the <a href="/wiki/Arajs_Commando" class="mw-redirect" title="Arajs Commando">Arajs Commando</a> (which alone killed around 26,000 Jews) and the 2,000 or more Latvian members of the <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">SD</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HIL_EZ_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HIL_EZ-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 1941, almost the entire Jewish population was killed or placed in the <a href="/wiki/Death_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Death camp">death camps</a>. In addition, some 25,000 Jews were brought from Germany, Austria, and the present-day Czech Republic, of whom around 20,000 were killed. The Holocaust claimed approximately 85,000 lives in Latvia,<sup id="cite_ref-HIL_EZ_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HIL_EZ-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of whom the vast majority were Jews. </p><p>A large number of Latvians resisted the German occupation. The resistance movement was divided between the pro-independence politicians of the <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Central_Council" title="Latvian Central Council">Latvian Central Council</a> and the armed <a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet partisan">Soviet partisan</a> units under the <a href="/wiki/Latvian_partisans" title="Latvian partisans">Latvian Partisan Movement</a> Headquarters (латвийский штаб партизанского движения) in Moscow. Their Latvian commander was <a href="/wiki/Arturs_Spro%C4%A3is" title="Arturs Sproģis">Arturs Sproģis</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Nazis planned to Germanize the Baltic's by settling some 520,000 German settlers there 20–25 years after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1943 and 1944, two divisions of <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Legion" title="Latvian Legion">Latvian Legion</a> were created through a forced mobilization and made a part of the <a href="/wiki/Waffen_SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Waffen SS">Waffen SS</a> to help Germany against the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stalinism_re-imposed,_1945–1953"><span id="Stalinism_re-imposed.2C_1945.E2.80.931953"></span>Stalinism re-imposed, 1945–1953</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Stalinism re-imposed, 1945–1953"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Latvia_by_Soviet_Union_1944%E2%80%931945" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Latvia by Soviet Union 1944–1945">Occupation of Latvia by Soviet Union 1944–1945</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forest_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest Brothers">Forest Brothers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Army_soldiers_in_Riga._October_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Red_Army_soldiers_in_Riga._October_1944.jpg/220px-Red_Army_soldiers_in_Riga._October_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Red_Army_soldiers_in_Riga._October_1944.jpg/330px-Red_Army_soldiers_in_Riga._October_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Red_Army_soldiers_in_Riga._October_1944.jpg/440px-Red_Army_soldiers_in_Riga._October_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4252" data-file-height="2817" /></a><figcaption>Soviet soldiers in Riga, October 1944</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palace_of_Culture_VEF_factory._Riga._04A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Palace_of_Culture_VEF_factory._Riga._04A.jpg/220px-Palace_of_Culture_VEF_factory._Riga._04A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Palace_of_Culture_VEF_factory._Riga._04A.jpg/330px-Palace_of_Culture_VEF_factory._Riga._04A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Palace_of_Culture_VEF_factory._Riga._04A.jpg/440px-Palace_of_Culture_VEF_factory._Riga._04A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1339" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption>VEF palace of culture</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="457" /></a><figcaption>Song and Dance festival, 1955</figcaption></figure> <p>In the middle of 1944, when the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration">Operation Bagration</a> reached Latvia, heavy fighting took place between German and Soviet troops, which ended with a stalemate and the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Courland_Pocket" title="Courland Pocket">Courland Pocket</a>, which allowed some 130,000 Latvians to escape to Sweden and Germany. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the war, both occupying forces conscripted Latvians into their armies, increasing the loss of the nation's "live resources." In <a href="/wiki/Courland" title="Courland">Courland</a>, Latvian Legion units fought battles against Latvians of the Red Army. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Latvia lost some 20% of its population during World War II. In 1944 part of <a href="/wiki/Abrene_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrene District">Abrene District</a>, about 2% of Latvia's territory, was illegally ceded to the <a href="/wiki/RSFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="RSFSR">RSFSR</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1944 the Soviets immediately began to reinstate the Soviet system. After re-establishing military control over the country, in February 1946, elections of the Soviet Union's Supreme Soviet were held, followed, in February 1947, by Latvian Supreme Soviet elections and only in January 1948 elections to the local Soviets. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Guerrilla_movement">Guerrilla movement</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Guerrilla movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gr%C4%81matu_mas%C4%81m-%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Gr%C4%81matu_mas%C4%81m-%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B.jpg/220px-Gr%C4%81matu_mas%C4%81m-%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Gr%C4%81matu_mas%C4%81m-%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B.jpg/330px-Gr%C4%81matu_mas%C4%81m-%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Gr%C4%81matu_mas%C4%81m-%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B.jpg/440px-Gr%C4%81matu_mas%C4%81m-%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption>"Books for the Masses!" Bilingual propaganda poster, 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>After the German surrender, it became clear that Soviet forces were there to stay, and <a href="/wiki/Latvian_national_partisans" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian national partisans">Latvian national partisans</a> began their fight against another occupier: the Soviet Union. At their peak, some 10,000–15,000 partisans in disorganized units fought local battles against Communists, NKVD troops and Soviet government representatives. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Forest_brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest brothers">Forest brothers</a> consisted not only of the former Legionnaires or German supporters but men who were trying to avoid Soviet conscription, dispossessed farmers, and even priests and school pupils who wrote and distributed patriotic leaflets and provided shelter to partisans. Many believed that a new war between the Western powers and the Soviet Union was imminent and expected Latvia to be liberated soon. After the 1949 deportations and collectivization, the resistance movement decreased sharply, with the last few individuals surrendering in 1956 when amnesty was offered. The last holdout was <a href="/wiki/J%C4%81nis_P%C4%ABnups" title="Jānis Pīnups">Jānis Pīnups</a>, who hid from authorities until 1995. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Deportations_of_1949">Deportations of 1949</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Deportations of 1949"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>120,000 Latvian inhabitants deemed disloyal by the Soviets were imprisoned or deported to Soviet labor camps (the <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Gulag</a>). Some escaped arrest and joined the <a href="/wiki/Forest_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest Brothers">Forest Brothers</a>. </p><p>On 25 March 1949, 43,000 primarily rural residents ("<a href="/wiki/Kulaks" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulaks">kulaks</a>") were deported to Siberia and northern Kazakhstan in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Priboi" title="Operation Priboi">Operation Priboi</a>, which was implemented in all three <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic States</a> and approved in Moscow already on 29 January 1949. Whole families were arrested, and almost 30% of deported were children under 16. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Collectivization">Collectivization</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Collectivization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the post-war period, Latvia was forced to adopt Soviet farming methods, and the economic infrastructure developed in the 1920s and 1930s was eradicated. Farms belonging to refugees were confiscated, German supporters had their farm sizes sharply reduced, and much of the farmland became state-owned. The remaining farmers' taxes and obligatory produce delivery quotas were increased until individual farming became impossible. Many farmers killed their cattle and moved to cities. In 1948 collectivization began in earnest and was intensified after the March 1949 deportations, and by the end of the year, 93% of farms were collectivized.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Collective farming was extremely unprofitable as farmers had to plant and harvest according to the state plan and not the actual harvest conditions. Farmers were paid close to nothing for their produce. Grain production in Latvia collapsed from 1.37 million tons in 1940 to 0.73 million tons in 1950 and 0.43 million tons in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only in 1965 did Latvia reach the meat and dairy output levels of 1940. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russian_dominance">Russian dominance</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Russian dominance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the first post-war years, Moscow's control was enforced by the Special Bureau of <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">CPSU</a> Central Committee, led by <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Suslov" title="Mikhail Suslov">Mikhail Suslov</a>. To ensure total control over the local Communist party, Ivan Lebedev, a Russian, was elected the Second Secretary. This tradition continued until the end of the Soviet system. The lack of politically reliable local cadres meant the Soviets increasingly placed Russians in Party and government leadership positions. Many <i>Russian Latvian</i> Communists who had survived the so-called <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Operation_of_the_NKVD" title="Latvian Operation of the NKVD">1937–38 "Latvian Operation"</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Great Purge</a> were sent back to the homeland of their parents. Most of these Soviets did not speak Latvian, and this only enforced the wall of distrust against the local population. By 1953 Latvia's Communist Party had 42,000 members, half of whom were Latvians.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hundreds of thousands of Russians were moved to Latvia to replace the lost population (due to war casualties, refugees to the West, and deportees to the East) and to implement a heavy industrialization program. An extensive program of <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a> was initiated, limiting the use of <a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a> and minority languages. In addition, the Russian people's leading and progressive role throughout Latvian history was heavily emphasized in school books, arts, and literature. The remaining poets, writers, and painters had to follow the strict canons of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">socialist realism</a> and live in constant fear of being accused of some ideological mistake that could lead to banning from publication or even arrest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Communists,_1953–1959"><span id="National_Communists.2C_1953.E2.80.931959"></span>National Communists, 1953–1959</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: National Communists, 1953–1959"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Khrushchev_Thaw" title="Khrushchev Thaw">Khrushchev Thaw</a></div> <p>During the short rule of <a href="/wiki/Lavrentiy_Beria" title="Lavrentiy Beria">Lavrentiy Beria</a> in 1953, the policy of giving more power to local communists and respecting local languages was introduced. More freedoms came after the 1956 de-Stalinization. Some 30,000 survivors of Soviet deportations began returning to Latvia. Many were barred from working in certain professions or returning to their homes. </p><p>Soon after Stalin's death number of Latvians in the Communist Party began to increase, and by this time, many locally-born communists had achieved positions of power and began advocating a program that centered on ending the inflow of Russian-speaking immigrants, end to the growth of heavy industry, and creating light industries better suited for local needs, increasing the role and power of the locally born communists, enforcing the Latvian language as the <i>state language</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="Refers to a podcast meant to be introductory. Lacks proper, verifiable academic sources. (June 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This group was led by <a href="/wiki/Eduards_Berklavs" title="Eduards Berklavs">Eduards Berklavs</a>, who in 1957 became the vice-chairman of the Council of Ministers. Orders were issued that non-Latvian Communists should learn some Latvian or lose their jobs within two years. </p><p>They were opposed by the <i>Russian Latvian</i> communists who had been born to Latvian parents in Russia or the Soviet Union, had returned to Latvia only after World War II, and usually did not speak or avoided speaking Latvian in public. They were supported by the politically influential officer corps of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Military_District" title="Baltic Military District">Baltic Military District</a>. </p><p>In 1958 Soviet education law made learning national languages optional. </p><p>In April 1959, a fact-finding delegation from Soviet Central Committee visited Riga. During <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a>'s visit to Riga in June 1959, hard-line elements complained about the nationalist tendencies in the Party and, with the blessing from Moscow, started purges of national communists and local communists, who had been in power since 1940. In November 1959, the long-serving First Secretary of the Party Kalnbērziņš and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Vilis_L%C4%81cis" title="Vilis Lācis">Vilis Lācis</a> resigned from their posts and were replaced by hardliners. During the next three years, some 2,000 national communists were dismissed from their positions and moved to insignificant posts in the countryside or Russia. </p><p>The first post-war census in 1959 showed that the number of Latvians since 1935 had declined by 170,000, while Russians had increased by 388,000, Belarusians by 35,000, and Ukrainians by 28,000.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because Latvia had still maintained a well-developed infrastructure and educated specialists, it was decided in Moscow that some of the Soviet Union's most advanced manufacturing factories were to be based in Latvia. New industries were created in Latvia, including a major machinery factory RAF, and electrotechnical factories, along with some food and oil processing plants. TV broadcasts from Riga started in 1954, the first in the Baltic's. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Era_of_Pelše,_1959–1966"><span id="Era_of_Pel.C5.A1e.2C_1959.E2.80.931966"></span>Era of Pelše, 1959–1966</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Era of Pelše, 1959–1966"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gauja_portable_radio_1961.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Gauja_portable_radio_1961.JPG/220px-Gauja_portable_radio_1961.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Gauja_portable_radio_1961.JPG/330px-Gauja_portable_radio_1961.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Gauja_portable_radio_1961.JPG/440px-Gauja_portable_radio_1961.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Gauja portable radio, 1961</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_Salaspils_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Memorial_Salaspils_1.JPG/220px-Memorial_Salaspils_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Memorial_Salaspils_1.JPG/330px-Memorial_Salaspils_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Memorial_Salaspils_1.JPG/440px-Memorial_Salaspils_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4692" data-file-height="2855" /></a><figcaption>Salaspils police prison memorial, opened in 1967</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1959 to 1962, leading Latvian national communists were purged as <a href="/wiki/Arv%C4%ABds_Pel%C5%A1e" title="Arvīds Pelše">Arvīds Pelše</a> enforced his power.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1961, Pelše officially banned the Latvian <a href="/wiki/Midsummer" title="Midsummer">midsummer</a> <a href="/wiki/J%C4%81%C5%86i" title="Jāņi">Jāņi</a> celebrations along with other Latvian traditions and folk customs. In November 1959, Pelše also instigated the purge of "nascent nationalists" from the Latvian government. Almost 2,000 members of the government were removed.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1959 and 1968, nearly 130,000 Russian speakers immigrated to Latvia and began working in the large industrial factories that were rapidly built. The newly arrived immigrants were the first to receive apartments in the newly built <a href="/wiki/Microdistrict" title="Microdistrict">micro-districts</a>. Large factories, employing tens of thousands of recently arrived immigrants, and entirely dependent on resources from faraway Soviet regions, produced products – most of which were sent back to other Soviet republics. Many of the new factories were under the All-Union ministry and military jurisdiction, thus operating outside the <a href="/wiki/Planned_economy" title="Planned economy">planned economy</a> of Soviet Latvia. Latvia's <a href="/wiki/VEF" title="VEF">VEF</a> and Radiotehnika factories specialized in producing radios, telephones and sound systems. Most of the Soviet railway carriages were made by <a href="/wiki/R%C4%ABgas_Vagonb%C5%ABves_R%C5%ABpn%C4%ABca" title="Rīgas Vagonbūves Rūpnīca">Rīgas Vagonbūves Rūpnīca</a> and minibuses by <a href="/wiki/Riga_Autobus_Factory" title="Riga Autobus Factory">Riga Autobus Factory</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Peacock plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-peacock" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article contains wording that <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Puffery" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">promotes the subject in a subjective manner</a> without imparting real information</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1962, Riga began receiving Russian <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">gas</a> for industrial needs and domestic heating. This allowed large-scale construction of new micro-districts and high-rises to begin. In 1965, the <a href="/wiki/P%C4%BCavi%C5%86as_Hydroelectric_Power_Station" title="Pļaviņas Hydroelectric Power Station">Pļaviņas Hydroelectric Power Station</a> began producing electricity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Era_of_Voss,_1966–1984"><span id="Era_of_Voss.2C_1966.E2.80.931984"></span>Era of Voss, 1966–1984</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Era of Voss, 1966–1984"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1967_CPA_3520.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Soviet stamp in honour of the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution, 1967"><img alt="Soviet stamp in honour of the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution, 1967" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/1967_CPA_3520.jpg/120px-1967_CPA_3520.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/1967_CPA_3520.jpg/180px-1967_CPA_3520.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/1967_CPA_3520.jpg/240px-1967_CPA_3520.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1021" data-file-height="737" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Soviet stamp in honour of the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution, 1967</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Riga_1980_4kop_USSR.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Soviet stamp celebrating 40 years of the Latvian SSR"><img alt="Soviet stamp celebrating 40 years of the Latvian SSR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Riga_1980_4kop_USSR.jpg/120px-Riga_1980_4kop_USSR.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Riga_1980_4kop_USSR.jpg/180px-Riga_1980_4kop_USSR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Riga_1980_4kop_USSR.jpg/240px-Riga_1980_4kop_USSR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="346" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Soviet stamp celebrating 40 years of the Latvian SSR</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DR1A_Riga.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A train built in RVR"><img alt="A train built in RVR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/DR1A_Riga.JPG/120px-DR1A_Riga.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/DR1A_Riga.JPG/180px-DR1A_Riga.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/DR1A_Riga.JPG/240px-DR1A_Riga.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4120" data-file-height="2919" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A train built in RVR</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%A4-22031.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The iconic RAF minibus"><img alt="The iconic RAF minibus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%A4-22031.jpg/120px-%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%A4-22031.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%A4-22031.jpg/180px-%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%A4-22031.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%A4-22031.jpg/240px-%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%A4-22031.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="883" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The iconic RAF minibus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_soviet_building_(8229119199).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The abandoned House of Press"><img alt="The abandoned House of Press" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Old_soviet_building_%288229119199%29.jpg/82px-Old_soviet_building_%288229119199%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Old_soviet_building_%288229119199%29.jpg/123px-Old_soviet_building_%288229119199%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Old_soviet_building_%288229119199%29.jpg/164px-Old_soviet_building_%288229119199%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2314" data-file-height="3380" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The abandoned House of Press</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jurmala-Riviera_meets_Totalitarism.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Soviet nomenklatura sanatorium in Jūrmala"><img alt="Soviet nomenklatura sanatorium in Jūrmala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Jurmala-Riviera_meets_Totalitarism.jpg/120px-Jurmala-Riviera_meets_Totalitarism.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Jurmala-Riviera_meets_Totalitarism.jpg/180px-Jurmala-Riviera_meets_Totalitarism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Jurmala-Riviera_meets_Totalitarism.jpg/240px-Jurmala-Riviera_meets_Totalitarism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Soviet nomenklatura sanatorium in <a href="/wiki/J%C5%ABrmala" title="Jūrmala">Jūrmala</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>Since there were not enough people to operate the newly built factories and expand industrial production, workers outside the Latvian SSR (mainly Russians) were transferred into the country, noticeably decreasing the proportion of ethnic Latvians. The speed of <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a> was also influenced by the fact that Riga was the HQ of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Military_District" title="Baltic Military District">Baltic Military District</a>, with active and retired Soviet officers moving there.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Increased investments and subsidies for collective farms greatly increased the living standards of the rural population without much increase in production output. Much of the farm produce was still grown on small private plots. To improve rural living standards, a mass campaign was started to liquidate individual family farms and to move people into smaller agricultural towns where they were given apartments. Farmers became paid workers in collective farms.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources"><span title="This claim needs a reference to a independent, third-party source. (June 2022)">third-party source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>While the early <a href="/wiki/Augusts_Voss" title="Augusts Voss">Voss</a> era continued with the modernizing impulse of the 1960s, a visible stagnation began by the mid-1970s. Prestige high-rise projects in Riga, such as the Hotel Latvija and the Ministry of Agriculture building, took many years to complete. A new international airport<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Van%C5%A1u_Bridge" title="Vanšu Bridge">Vanšu Bridge</a> over <a href="/wiki/Daugava" title="Daugava">Daugava</a> were built. </p><p>An ideological model of "live and let live" came into place. The <a href="/wiki/Black_market" title="Black market">black market</a>, <a href="/wiki/Absenteeism" title="Absenteeism">absenteeism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">alcoholism</a> became widespread. Consumer goods shortages became normal.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Era_of_Pugo,_1984–1988"><span id="Era_of_Pugo.2C_1984.E2.80.931988"></span>Era of Pugo, 1984–1988</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Era of Pugo, 1984–1988"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_reawakening,_1985–1990"><span id="National_reawakening.2C_1985.E2.80.931990"></span>National reawakening, 1985–1990</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: National reawakening, 1985–1990"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_of_Latvia" title="Popular Front of Latvia">Popular Front of Latvia</a></div> <p>In the second half of the 1980s, Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> began the introduction of the political and economic reforms of <a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">glasnost</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a>. In the summer of 1987, large demonstrations were held in Riga at the Freedom Monument. In the summer of 1988, a national movement coalesced in the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_of_Latvia" title="Popular Front of Latvia">Popular Front of Latvia</a>. The Latvian SSR, along with the other <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Republics" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic Republics">Baltic Republics</a>, was allowed greater autonomy, and in 1988 the old national <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Latvia" title="Flag of Latvia">flag of Latvia</a> was legalized, replacing the Soviet Latvian flag as the official flag in 1990. Pro-independence Latvian Popular Front candidates gained a two-thirds majority in the Supreme Council in the March 1990 democratic elections. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collapse_of_the_Soviet_rule">Collapse of the Soviet rule</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Collapse of the Soviet rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1990_Latvian_Stationery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1990_Latvian_Stationery.jpg/220px-1990_Latvian_Stationery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1990_Latvian_Stationery.jpg/330px-1990_Latvian_Stationery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1990_Latvian_Stationery.jpg/440px-1990_Latvian_Stationery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="482" /></a><figcaption>Latvian stationery issued to commemorate the restoration of independence of the Republic of <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>: a 5-<a href="/wiki/Kopeck" title="Kopeck">kopeck</a> envelope without face value </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Latvia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/200px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/300px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/400px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the Republic of Latvia (since 1990)</figcaption></figure> <p>On 4 May 1990, the Council passed the declaration "<a href="/wiki/On_the_Restoration_of_Independence_of_the_Republic_of_Latvia" title="On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia">On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia</a>," which declared the Soviet annexation void and announced the start of a transitional period to independence. It argued that the 1940 occupation violated international law. It also argued that the 1940 resolution acceding to the Soviet Union was illegal since the 1922 Latvian constitution stipulated that any major change in the state order had to be submitted to a referendum. In any case, the declaration argued that the 1940 elections were conducted based on an illegal and unconstitutional election law, which rendered all actions of the "People's Saeima" <i>ipso facto</i> void. On these bases, the Supreme Council argued that the Republic of Latvia, as proclaimed in 1918, <a href="/wiki/State_continuity_of_the_Baltic_states" title="State continuity of the Baltic states">still legally existed</a> even though its sovereignty had been <i>de facto</i> lost in 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Latvia took the position that it did not need to follow the process of secession delineated in the Soviet constitution, arguing that since the annexation was illegal and unconstitutional, it was merely reasserting independence that still existed under international law. However, the central power in Moscow continued to regard Latvia as a Soviet republic from 1990 to 1991. In January 1991, Soviet political and military forces <a href="/wiki/The_Barricades" title="The Barricades">unsuccessfully tried to overthrow</a> the Republic of Latvia authorities by occupying the central publishing house in Riga and establishing a Committee of National Salvation to usurp governmental functions. During the transitional period, Moscow maintained many central Soviet state authorities in Latvia. Despite this, seventy-three percent of all Latvian residents confirmed their strong support for independence on <a href="/wiki/Latvian_independence_and_democracy_poll,_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian independence and democracy poll, 1991">3 March 1991</a> in a non-binding advisory referendum. A large number of ethnic Russians also voted for the proposition. The Republic of Latvia declared the end of the transitional period and restored complete independence on 21 August 1991 in the aftermath of the failed <a href="/wiki/Soviet_coup_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet coup attempt">Soviet coup attempt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FINemb_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FINemb-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Latvia, as well as <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> de facto ceased to be parts of the USSR four months before the Soviet Union itself ceased to exist (26 December 1991). Soon, on 6 September, the USSR recognized the independence of the three Baltic states. Today, the Republic of Latvia and other Baltic states consider themselves to be the legal continuation of the sovereign states whose first independent existence dates back to 1918–1940 and does not accept any legal connection with the former Latvian SSR, which had been occupied and annexed into USSR 1940–1941 and 1944–1991. Since independence, the Communist Party of the Latvian SSR was discontinued, and several high-ranking Latvian SSR officials faced prosecution for their role in various human rights abuses during the Latvian SSR regime. Latvia later joined <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> in 2004. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Soviet period saw rebuilding and increase of the industrial capacity, including the automobile (<a href="/wiki/Riga_Autobus_Factory" title="Riga Autobus Factory">RAF</a>) and electrotechnic (<a href="/wiki/VEF" title="VEF">VEF</a>) factories, <a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">food processing</a> industry, <a href="/wiki/Pipeline_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipeline transport">oil pipelines</a>, and the bulk-oil port <a href="/wiki/Ventspils" title="Ventspils">Ventspils</a>. </p><p>Part of the incorporation of the Latvian SSR into the Soviet Union was the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a> into all spheres of public life. Russian became a prerequisite for admission to <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a> and better job occupations. It was also made a compulsory subject in all Latvian schools. Vast numbers of people were needed for the new factories, and they were purposefully sent there from different parts of Russia, thus creating a situation wherein bigger towns became increasingly <a href="/wiki/Russification#Latvia" title="Russification">Russified</a> until the 1980s. </p><p>National income per capita was higher in Latvia than elsewhere in the USSR (42% above the Soviet average in 1968);<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, Latvia was at the same time a relative contributor to the Federation's center with an estimated 0.5% of the Latvian GDP going to Moscow.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Soviet Union's collapse, all economic branches associated with it also collapsed. While a significant Russian presence in Latgale predated the Soviet Union (~30%), the intense industrialization and the heavy importation of labor from the Soviet Union to support it led to significant increases in the Russian minority in Riga, even forming a majority in Latvian urban centers such as <a href="/wiki/Daugavpils" title="Daugavpils">Daugavpils</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C4%93zekne" title="Rēzekne">Rēzekne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ogre,_Latvia" title="Ogre, Latvia">Ogre</a>. Those areas were also hardest hit economically when the Soviet Union collapsed, leading to massive unemployment. Sharp disagreement with Russia over the legacy of the Soviet era has led to punitive economic measures by Russia, including the demise of transit trade as Russia cut off petroleum exports through Ventspils in 2003 (eliminating 99% of its shipments) after the government of Latvia refused to sell the oil port to the Russian state oil company, <a href="/wiki/Transneft" title="Transneft">Transneft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result is that only a fraction of Latvia's economy is connected with Russia, especially after it joined the European Union. </p><p>In 2016, a committee of historians and economists published a report, "Latvian Industry Before and After Restoration of Independence," estimating the overall cost of Soviet occupation in the years 1940–1990 at €185 billion, not counting the intangible costs of "deportations and imprisonment policy" of the Soviet authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soviet_army_presence">Soviet army presence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Soviet army presence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irbenes_antena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Irbenes_antena.jpg/220px-Irbenes_antena.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Irbenes_antena.jpg/330px-Irbenes_antena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Irbenes_antena.jpg/440px-Irbenes_antena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="777" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Irbene" title="Irbene">Irbene</a> radio telescope</figcaption></figure> <p>The Soviet army had been stationed in Latvia since October 1939, when it demanded and received military bases in Courland where it stationed at least 25,000 soldiers, with air force, tanks and artillery support. The Soviet navy received rights to use ports in <a href="/wiki/Ventspils" title="Ventspils">Ventspils</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja" title="Liepāja">Liepāja</a>. In addition to soldiers, uncontrolled numbers of officers' family members and construction workers arrived. </p><p>During the first year of Soviet power, construction of the new military aerodromes was begun, often involving the local population as unpaid construction workers. The Soviet Navy took over seaports and shipping yards. Many hundreds of Soviet officers were moved into newly nationalized apartments and houses. Larger apartments were subdivided, creating communal ones. </p><p>After 1944, Latvia and Riga became heavily militarized. Demobilized soldiers and officers chose to move to Riga, creating severe housing shortages. Much of the new apartment building in the first post-war years was done only for the benefit of Soviet officers stationed in Riga. </p><p>Courland's entire Baltic Sea coast became a Soviet border area with limited freedom of movement for the local inhabitants and closed to outsiders. Beaches were illuminated by searchlights and plowed to show any footprints. The old fishing villages became closed military zones, and fishermen were moved to larger townships: <a href="/wiki/Roja,_Latvia" title="Roja, Latvia">Roja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolka,_Latvia" title="Kolka, Latvia">Kolka</a>. The small coastal nation of <a href="/wiki/Livonians" title="Livonians">Livonians</a> virtually ceased to exist. Secretive objects were built like the <a href="/wiki/Ventspils_International_Radio_Astronomy_Centre" title="Ventspils International Radio Astronomy Centre">Irbene radio telescope</a>. Liepāja port was littered with rusting submarines and beaches with unexploded phosphorus. </p><p>By the mid-1980s, in addition to 350,000 soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Military_District" title="Baltic Military District">Baltic Military District</a>, an unknown number of border and interior ministry troops were stationed in the Baltics. In 1994 the departing Russian troops presented a list of over 3000 military units stationed in 700 sites taking over 120,000 ha, or about 2% of Latvian land.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to active military personnel, Riga was popular as a retirement town for Soviet officers, who could not retire to larger cities like Moscow or Kyiv. Many thousands of them received preferential treatment in receiving new housing. To speed up the withdrawal of the Russian army, Latvia officially agreed to allow 20,000 retired Soviet officers and their families (up to 50,000 people) to remain in Latvia without granting them citizenship and Russia continues to pay them pensions.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Military training was provided by the <a href="/wiki/Riga_Higher_Military_Political_School" title="Riga Higher Military Political School">Riga Higher Military Political School</a> and the <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Рижское высшее военное авиационное инженерное училище имени Якова Алксниса">Riga Higher Military Aviation Engineering School</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_status">International status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: International status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of the Baltic states</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/State_continuity_of_the_Baltic_states" title="State continuity of the Baltic states">State continuity of the Baltic states</a></div> <p>The governments of the Baltic countries,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Rights Council">Human Rights Council</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-USA_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU),<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> regard Latvia as being occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940 under the provisions of the 1939 <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a>. The European Parliament in recognizing<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the occupation of the Baltic states from 1940 until the fall of the Soviet Union as illegal, led to the early acceptance of the Baltic states into the NATO alliance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_sources_before_Perestroika">Soviet sources before Perestroika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Soviet sources before Perestroika"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Soviet_historiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet historiography">Soviet historiography</a></div> <p>Up to the reassessment of Soviet history in the USSR that began during <a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a>, before the USSR had condemned the 1939 secret protocol between Nazi Germany and itself that had led to the invasion and occupation of the three Baltic countries,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the events in 1939 were as follows: The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Government of the Soviet Union">Government of the Soviet Union</a> suggested that the Governments of the Baltic countries conclude mutual assistance treaties between the countries. Pressure from working people forced the governments of the Baltic countries to accept this suggestion. The Pacts of Mutual Assistance were then signed<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which allowed the USSR to station a limited number of <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> units in the Baltic countries. Economic difficulties and dissatisfaction of the populace with the Baltic governments' policies that had sabotaged the fulfillment of the Pact and the Baltic countries' governments' political orientation toward Nazi Germany led to a revolutionary situation in June 1940. To guarantee the Pact's fulfillment, additional military units entered Baltic countries, welcomed by the workers who demanded the resignations of the Baltic governments. In June, under the leadership of the Communist Parties, political demonstrations by workers were held. The fascist governments were overthrown, and workers' governments were formed. In July 1940, elections for the Baltic Parliaments were held. The "Working People's Unions," created by an initiative of the Communist Parties, received the majority of the votes.<sup id="cite_ref-GSE_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GSE-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Parliaments adopted the declarations of the restoration of Soviet powers in Baltic countries and proclaimed the Soviet Socialist Republics. Declaration of Estonia's, Latvia's and Lithuania's wishes to join the USSR were adopted, and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Supreme Soviet of the USSR</a> petitioned accordingly. The Supreme Soviet of the USSR approved the requests. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_position_of_the_Russian_government">Current position of the Russian government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Current position of the Russian government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Russian government</a> and officials maintain that the Soviet annexation of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a> was legitimate<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the Soviet Union liberated the countries from the Nazis.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border:0px background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:0px;" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_hs0l6ibs0asrmapqrheda3do225cfpe"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Livonian_Confederation" coords="218,34,376,54" title="Livonian Confederation" alt="Livonian Confederation" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Terra_Mariana" coords="13,34,121,54" title="Terra Mariana" alt="Terra Mariana" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Latvian_SSR" coords="718,77,815,98" title="Latvian SSR" alt="Latvian SSR" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Livonia_(1721%E2%80%931917)" coords="507,85,637,105" title="Duchy of Livonia (1721–1917)" alt="Duchy of Livonia (1721–1917)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Livonia_(1629%E2%80%931721)" coords="414,85,545,105" title="Duchy of Livonia (1629–1721)" alt="Duchy of Livonia (1629–1721)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Livonia_(1561%E2%80%931621)" coords="357,85,443,105" title="Duchy of Livonia (1561–1621)" alt="Duchy of Livonia (1561–1621)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Courland_Governorate" coords="578,38,709,59" title="Courland Governorate" alt="Courland Governorate" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia" coords="363,38,504,59" title="Duchy of Courland and Semigallia" alt="Duchy of Courland and Semigallia" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Latvia" coords="697,124,833,144" title="Latvia" alt="Latvia" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/History_of_Latvia" coords="301,12,532,36" title="History of Latvia" alt="History of Latvia" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_hs0l6ibs0asrmapqrheda3do225cfpe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/hs0l6ibs0asrmapqrheda3do225cfpe.png" /></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Latvia" title="History of Latvia">History of Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">Republics of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.mfa.gov.lv/en/usa/culture/history-of-latvia-a-brief-synopsis">"History of Latvia: A brief synopsis"</a>. <i>www2.mfa.gov.lv</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240823074833/https://www2.mfa.gov.lv/en/usa/culture/history-of-latvia-a-brief-synopsis">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www2.mfa.gov.lv&rft.atitle=History+of+Latvia%3A+A+brief+synopsis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.mfa.gov.lv%2Fen%2Fusa%2Fculture%2Fhistory-of-latvia-a-brief-synopsis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071123015238/http://www.am.gov.lv/en/latvia/history/occupation-aspects/">"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia: The Occupation of Latvia: Aspects of History and International Law"</a>. Archived from the original on 23 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Latvia%3A+The+Occupation+of+Latvia%3A+Aspects+of+History+and+International+Law&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.am.gov.lv%2Fen%2Flatvia%2Fhistory%2Foccupation-aspects%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span> at Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estemb.org/estonia/history/aid-775">"22 September 1944 from one occupation to another"</a>. Estonian Embassy in Washington. 22 September 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180630105553/http://www.estemb.org/estonia/history/aid-775">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2009</span>. <q>For Estonia, World War II did not end, <i>de facto</i>, until 31 August 1994, with the final withdrawal of former Soviet troops from Estonian soil.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=22+September+1944+from+one+occupation+to+another&rft.pub=Estonian+Embassy+in+Washington&rft.date=2008-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.estemb.org%2Festonia%2Fhistory%2Faid-775&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldbruggeGerard_Pieter_van_den_BergWilliam_B._Simons1985" class="citation book cs1">Feldbrugge, Ferdinand; Gerard Pieter van den Berg; William B. Simons (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j7gBESqTciYC&pg=PA461"><i>Encyclopedia of Soviet law</i></a>. Brill. p. 461. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9024730759" title="Special:BookSources/9024730759"><bdi>9024730759</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210210506/https://books.google.com/books?id=j7gBESqTciYC&pg=PA461">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2020</span>. <q>On 26 March 1949, the US Department of State issued a circular letter stating that the Baltic countries were still independent nations with their diplomatic representatives and consuls.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Soviet+law&rft.pages=461&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9024730759&rft.aulast=Feldbrugge&rft.aufirst=Ferdinand&rft.au=Gerard+Pieter+van+den+Berg&rft.au=William+B.+Simons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj7gBESqTciYC%26pg%3DPA461&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFried2007" class="citation web cs1">Fried, Daniel (14 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120819185542/http://merln.ndu.edu/archivepdf/EUR/State/86539.pdf">"U.S.-Baltic Relations: Celebrating 85 Years of Friendship"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://merln.ndu.edu/archivepdf/EUR/State/86539.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2009</span>. <q>From Sumner Wells' declaration of 23 July 1940, that we would not recognize the occupation. We housed the exiled Baltic diplomatic delegations. We accredited their diplomats. We flew their flags in the State Department's Hall of Flags. We never recognized in deed or word or symbol the illegal occupation of their lands.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.-Baltic+Relations%3A+Celebrating+85+Years+of+Friendship&rft.date=2007-06-14&rft.aulast=Fried&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmerln.ndu.edu%2Farchivepdf%2FEUR%2FState%2F86539.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLauterpachtC._J._Greenwood1967" class="citation book cs1">Lauterpacht, E.; C. J. Greenwood (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=biAQiRhDsb0C&pg=PA62"><i>International Law Reports</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 62–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521463807" title="Special:BookSources/0521463807"><bdi>0521463807</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210210506/https://books.google.com/books?id=biAQiRhDsb0C&pg=PA62">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2020</span>. <q>The Court said: (256 N.Y.S.2d 196) "The Government of the United States has never recognized the forceful occupation of Estonia and Latvia by the Soviet Union of Socialist Republics nor does it recognize the absorption and incorporation of Latvia and Estonia into the Union of Soviet Socialist republics. The legality of the acts, laws and decrees of the puppet regimes set up in those countries by the USSR is not recognized by the United States, diplomatic or consular officers are not maintained in either Estonia or Latvia and full recognition is given to the Legations of Estonia and Latvia established and maintained here by the Governments in exile of those countries</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Law+Reports&rft.pages=62-63&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=0521463807&rft.aulast=Lauterpacht&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=C.+J.+Greenwood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbiAQiRhDsb0C%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-europarl.europa.eu-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-europarl.europa.eu_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+MOTION+B6-2007-0215+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN">Motion for a resolution on the Situation in Estonia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180929233021/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-%2F%2FEP%2F%2FNONSGML+MOTION+B6-2007-0215+0+DOC+PDF+V0%2F%2FEN">Archived</a> 29 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, B6-0215/2007, 21 May 2007; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=PV&reference=20070524&secondRef=ITEM-009-04&language=EN&ring=P6-RC-2007-0205">passed 24.5.2007</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150519045205/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-%2F%2FEP%2F%2FNONSGML%20MOTION%20B6-2007-0215%200%20DOC%20PDF%20V0%2F%2FEN">Archived</a> 19 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 1 January 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDehousse1993" class="citation journal cs1">Dehousse, Renaud (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927233741/http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol4/No1/sr1.html">"The International Practice of the European Communities: Current Survey"</a>. <i>European Journal of International Law</i>. <b>4</b> (1): 141. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.ejil.a035821">10.1093/oxfordjournals.ejil.a035821</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol4/No1/sr1.html">the original</a> on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=The+International+Practice+of+the+European+Communities%3A+Current+Survey&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=141&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.ejil.a035821&rft.aulast=Dehousse&rft.aufirst=Renaud&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ejil.org%2Fjournal%2FVol4%2FNo1%2Fsr1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania by David J. Smith, Page 24, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-28580-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-28580-1">0-415-28580-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see report of Latvian Chargé d'affaires, Fricis Kociņš, regarding the talks with Soviet Foreign Commissar Molotov in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFI.Grava-Kreituse,_I.Feldmanis,_J.Goldmanis,_A.Stranga.1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">I.Grava-Kreituse, I.Feldmanis, J.Goldmanis, A.Stranga. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081106133715/http://www.historia.lv/alfabets/L/la/okupac/dokumenti/kocins/1940.21.06..htm"><i>Latvijas okupācija un aneksija 1939–1940: Dokumenti un materiāli. </i>(The Occupation and Annexation of Latvia: 1939–1940. Documents and Materials.)<i><span></span></i></a> (in Latvian). pp. 348–350. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historia.lv/alfabets/L/la/okupac/dokumenti/kocins/1940.21.06..htm">the original</a> on 6 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latvijas+okup%C4%81cija+un+aneksija+1939%26ndash%3B1940%3A+Dokumenti+un+materi%C4%81li.+%28The+Occupation+and+Annexation+of+Latvia%3A+1939%26ndash%3B1940.+Documents+and+Materials.%29&rft.pages=348-350&rft.date=1995&rft.au=I.Grava-Kreituse%2C+I.Feldmanis%2C+J.Goldmanis%2C+A.Stranga.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historia.lv%2Falfabets%2FL%2Fla%2Fokupac%2Fdokumenti%2Fkocins%2F1940.21.06..htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">nearly 650,000 according to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_ChristieRobert_Cribb2002" class="citation book cs1">Kenneth Christie; Robert Cribb (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=liV7upFWBb8C&pg=PA83"><i>Historical Injustice and Democratic Transition in Eastern Asia and Northern Europe: Ghosts at the Table of Democracy</i></a>. RoutledgeCurzon. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7007-1599-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7007-1599-1"><bdi>0-7007-1599-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240823074832/https://books.google.com/books?id=liV7upFWBb8C&pg=PA83">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Injustice+and+Democratic+Transition+in+Eastern+Asia+and+Northern+Europe%3A+Ghosts+at+the+Table+of+Democracy&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=RoutledgeCurzon&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7007-1599-1&rft.au=Kenneth+Christie&rft.au=Robert+Cribb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DliV7upFWBb8C%26pg%3DPA83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Black_book-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Black_book_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Stephane_Courtois" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephane Courtois">Stephane Courtois</a>; Werth, Nicolas; Panne, Jean-Louis; Paczkowski, Andrzej; Bartosek, Karel; Margolin, Jean-Louis & Kramer, Mark (1999). <i>The <a href="/wiki/Black_Book_of_Communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Book of Communism">Black Book of Communism</a>: Crimes, Terror, Repression</i>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-07608-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-07608-7">0-674-07608-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania p.19 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-28580-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-28580-1">0-415-28580-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VM-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VM_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vincent E McHale (1983) <i>Political parties of Europe</i>, Greenwood Press, p450 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-23804-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-23804-9">0-313-23804-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gints Zelmenis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.la.lv/tautas-saeimas-absurdas-velesanas-absurds">"Absurdas lappuses vēsturē – 75 gadi kopš tā sauktās Latvijas Tautas Saeimas vēlēšanām"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200920195228/https://www.la.lv/tautas-saeimas-absurdas-velesanas-absurds">Archived</a> 20 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Latvijas_Av%C4%ABze" title="Latvijas Avīze">Latvijas Avīze</a></i>, 14 July 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MT-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MT_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Misiunas & Taagepera, p26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMangulis1983" class="citation book cs1">Mangulis, Visvaldis (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historia.lv/publikacijas/gramat/mangulis/08.nod.htm">"VIII. September 1939 to June 1941"</a>. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/latviainwarsof200000mang"><i>Latvia in the Wars of the 20th century</i></a></span>. Princeton Junction: Cognition Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912881-00-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-912881-00-3"><bdi>0-912881-00-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=VIII.+September+1939+to+June+1941&rft.btitle=Latvia+in+the+Wars+of+the+20th+century&rft.pub=Princeton+Junction%3A+Cognition+Books&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-912881-00-3&rft.aulast=Mangulis&rft.aufirst=Visvaldis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historia.lv%2Fpublikacijas%2Fgramat%2Fmangulis%2F08.nod.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TSOL-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TSOL_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Švābe, Arvīds. <i>The Story of Latvia</i>. Latvian National Foundation. Stockholm. 1949.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerdinand_Feldbrugge1985" class="citation book cs1">Ferdinand Feldbrugge (1985). <i>Encyclopedia of Soviet Law</i>. Brill. p. 460. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-247-3075-9" title="Special:BookSources/90-247-3075-9"><bdi>90-247-3075-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Soviet+Law&rft.pages=460&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=90-247-3075-9&rft.au=Ferdinand+Feldbrugge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AOTMSN-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AOTMSN_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Attitudes of the Major Soviet Nationalities</i>, Center for International Studies, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, 1973</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMisiunasTaagepera1983" class="citation book cs1">Misiunas, Romuald J.; Taagepera, Rein (1 January 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FJejwedGesMC&q=soviet+latvia+pelse+voss&pg=PA140"><i>The Baltic States, Years of Dependence, 1940-1980</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520046252" title="Special:BookSources/9780520046252"><bdi>9780520046252</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240823074908/https://books.google.com/books?id=FJejwedGesMC&q=soviet+latvia+pelse+voss&pg=PA140#v=onepage&q=soviet%20latvia%20pelse%20voss&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2021</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baltic+States%2C+Years+of+Dependence%2C+1940-1980&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1983-01-01&rft.isbn=9780520046252&rft.aulast=Misiunas&rft.aufirst=Romuald+J.&rft.au=Taagepera%2C+Rein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFJejwedGesMC%26q%3Dsoviet%2Blatvia%2Bpelse%2Bvoss%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElmārs_Pelkaus2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Elmārs Pelkaus, ed. (2001). <i>Aizvestie: 1941. gada 14. jūnijā</i> (in Latvian, English, and Russian). Riga: Latvijas Valsts arhīvs; Nordik. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9984-675-55-6" title="Special:BookSources/9984-675-55-6"><bdi>9984-675-55-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52264782">52264782</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aizvestie%3A+1941.+gada+14.+j%C5%ABnij%C4%81&rft.place=Riga&rft.pub=Latvijas+Valsts+arh%C4%ABvs%3B+Nordik&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52264782&rft.isbn=9984-675-55-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HIL_EZ-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HIL_EZ_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HIL_EZ_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Ezergailis" title="Andrew Ezergailis">Ezergailis, A.</a> The Holocaust in Latvia, 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070110163740/http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/text/x14/xm1411.html">"Simon Wiesenthal Center Multimedia Learning Center Online"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/text/x14/xm1411.html">the original</a> on 10 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Simon+Wiesenthal+Center+Multimedia+Learning+Center+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmotlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org%2Ftext%2Fx14%2Fxm1411.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Valdis O. Lumans, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&dq=By+the+end+of+1949+approximately+93+percent+of+Latvian+farms+were+collectivized&pg=PA398">Latvia in World War II</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240823074833/https://books.google.com/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&dq=By+the+end+of+1949+approximately+93+percent+of+Latvian+farms+were+collectivized&pg=PA398#v=onepage&q=By%20the%20end%20of%201949%20approximately%2093%20percent%20of%20Latvian%20farms%20were%20collectivized&f=false">Archived</a> 23 August 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, Fordham Univ Press, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-08-23-22627-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-08-23-22627-6">978-08-23-22627-6</a>, p. 398.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://15minutehistory.org/2015/09/09/episode-71-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-latvian-national-communists/">"The Rise and Fall of the Latvian National Communists"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240823074835/https://15minutehistory.org/podcast/episode-71-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-latvian-national-communists/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Latvian+National+Communists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F15minutehistory.org%2F2015%2F09%2F09%2Fepisode-71-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-latvian-national-communists%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPabriksPurs2013" class="citation book cs1">Pabriks, Artis; Purs, Aldis (7 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4CelwkxnJHcC&q=latvian+ssr+political+history+pelse&pg=PA35"><i>Latvia: The Challenges of Change</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135137052" title="Special:BookSources/9781135137052"><bdi>9781135137052</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240823074834/https://books.google.com/books?id=4CelwkxnJHcC&q=latvian+ssr+political+history+pelse&pg=PA35#v=snippet&q=latvian%20ssr%20political%20history%20pelse&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2021</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latvia%3A+The+Challenges+of+Change&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-03-07&rft.isbn=9781135137052&rft.aulast=Pabriks&rft.aufirst=Artis&rft.au=Purs%2C+Aldis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4CelwkxnJHcC%26q%3Dlatvian%2Bssr%2Bpolitical%2Bhistory%2Bpelse%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoader2018" class="citation journal cs1">Loader, Michael (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.96.2.0244">"A Stalinist Purge in the Khrushchev Era? The Latvian Communist Party Purge, 1959–1963"</a>. <i>The Slavonic and East European Review</i>. <b>96</b> (2): 244–282. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5699%2Fslaveasteurorev2.96.2.0244">10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.96.2.0244</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-6795">0037-6795</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.96.2.0244">10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.96.2.0244</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Slavonic+and+East+European+Review&rft.atitle=A+Stalinist+Purge+in+the+Khrushchev+Era%3F+The+Latvian+Communist+Party+Purge%2C+1959%E2%80%931963&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=244-282&rft.date=2018&rft.issn=0037-6795&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.5699%2Fslaveasteurorev2.96.2.0244%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5699%2Fslaveasteurorev2.96.2.0244&rft.aulast=Loader&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.5699%2Fslaveasteurorev2.96.2.0244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lvportals.lv/norises/180665-latvija-19691978-2008">"Latvija 1969–1978 - LV portāls"</a>. <i>lvportals.lv</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240823074912/https://lvportals.lv/norises/180665-latvija-19691978-2008">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lvportals.lv&rft.atitle=Latvija+1969%E2%80%931978+-+LV+port%C4%81ls&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flvportals.lv%2Fnorises%2F180665-latvija-19691978-2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=75539">"Par Latvijas Republikas neatkarības atjaunošanu"</a>. <i>LIKUMI.LV</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240823075005/https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=75539">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LIKUMI.LV&rft.atitle=Par+Latvijas+Republikas+neatkar%C4%ABbas+atjauno%C5%A1anu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flikumi.lv%2Fdoc.php%3Fid%3D75539&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FINemb-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FINemb_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.finland.lv/public/default.aspx?nodeid=38439&contentlan=2&culture=en-US">"History - Embassy of Finland, Riga"</a>. Embassy of Finland, Riga. 9 July 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511083836/http://www.finland.lv/public/default.aspx?nodeid=38439&contentlan=2&culture=en-US">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2010</span>. <q><i>Latvia declared independence on 21 August 1991</i>...<i>The decision to restore diplomatic relations took effect on 29 August 1991</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+-+Embassy+of+Finland%2C+Riga&rft.pub=Embassy+of+Finland%2C+Riga&rft.date=2008-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.finland.lv%2Fpublic%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fnodeid%3D38439%26contentlan%3D2%26culture%3Den-US&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMisiunasRein_Taagepera1993" class="citation book cs1">Misiunas, Romuald J.; Rein Taagepera (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/balticstatesyear00misi/page/185"><i>The Baltic States, years of dependence, 1940–1990</i></a></span>. University of California Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/balticstatesyear00misi/page/185">185</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08228-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08228-1"><bdi>978-0-520-08228-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baltic+States%2C+years+of+dependence%2C+1940%E2%80%931990&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-520-08228-1&rft.aulast=Misiunas&rft.aufirst=Romuald+J.&rft.au=Rein+Taagepera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbalticstatesyear00misi%2Fpage%2F185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://izvestia.ru/news/537100">Izvestija</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131106091614/http://izvestia.ru/news/537100">Archived</a> 6 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, "Опубликованы расчеты СССР с прибалтийскими республиками" 9 октября 2012, 14:56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Latvia turns to EU for help in resolving oil impasse</i>, AP WorldStream Tuesday, 4 February 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eng.lsm.lv/article/society/society/soviet-occupation-cost-latvian-economy-185-billion-says-research.a178769/">"Soviet occupation cost Latvian economy €185 billion, says research"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_of_Latvia" title="Public Broadcasting of Latvia">Public Broadcasting of Latvia</a>. 18 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181123022908/https://eng.lsm.lv/article/society/society/soviet-occupation-cost-latvian-economy-185-billion-says-research.a178769/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Soviet+occupation+cost+Latvian+economy+%E2%82%AC185+billion%2C+says+research&rft.pub=Public+Broadcasting+of+Latvia&rft.date=2016-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feng.lsm.lv%2Farticle%2Fsociety%2Fsociety%2Fsoviet-occupation-cost-latvian-economy-185-billion-says-research.a178769%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tvnet.lv/4976284/latvija-padomju-savienibas-karabaze">"Latvija — Padomju Savienības karabāze"</a>. <i>TVNET</i>. 17 July 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421212532/https://www.tvnet.lv/4976284/latvija-padomju-savienibas-karabaze">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TVNET&rft.atitle=Latvija+%E2%80%94+Padomju+Savien%C4%ABbas+karab%C4%81ze&rft.date=2006-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvnet.lv%2F4976284%2Flatvija-padomju-savienibas-karabaze&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=58919">"Krievijas Federācijas Valdības un Latvijas Republikas Valdības vienošanās par Latvijas Republikas teritorijā dzīvojošo Krievijas Federācijas militāro pensionāru un viņu ģimenes locekļu sociālo aizsardzību, Protokols"</a>. <i>LIKUMI.LV</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LIKUMI.LV&rft.atitle=Krievijas+Feder%C4%81cijas+Vald%C4%ABbas+un+Latvijas+Republikas+Vald%C4%ABbas+vieno%C5%A1an%C4%81s+par+Latvijas+Republikas+teritorij%C4%81+dz%C4%ABvojo%C5%A1o+Krievijas+Feder%C4%81cijas+milit%C4%81ro+pension%C4%81ru+un+vi%C5%86u+%C4%A3imenes+locek%C4%BCu+soci%C4%81lo+aizsardz%C4%ABbu%2C+Protokols&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flikumi.lv%2Fdoc.php%3Fid%3D58919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldmanis2015" class="citation web cs1">Feldmanis, Inesis (15 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/policy/information-on-the-history-of-latvia/the-occupation-of-latvia-aspects-of-history-and-international-law">"The Occupation of Latvia: Aspects of History and International Law"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408150732/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/policy/information-on-the-history-of-latvia/the-occupation-of-latvia-aspects-of-history-and-international-law">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Occupation+of+Latvia%3A+Aspects+of+History+and+International+Law&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Latvia&rft.date=2015-12-15&rft.aulast=Feldmanis&rft.aufirst=Inesis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.lv%2Fen%2Fpolicy%2Finformation-on-the-history-of-latvia%2Fthe-occupation-of-latvia-aspects-of-history-and-international-law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929120952/http://newsfromrussia.com/cis/2005/05/03/59549.html">"Estonia says Soviet occupation justifies it staying away from Moscow celebrations - Pravda.Ru"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsfromrussia.com/cis/2005/05/03/59549.html">the original</a> on 29 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Estonia+says+Soviet+occupation+justifies+it+staying+away+from+Moscow+celebrations+-+Pravda.Ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsfromrussia.com%2Fcis%2F2005%2F05%2F03%2F59549.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights_cases_on_Occupation_of_Baltic_States" class="mw-redirect" title="European Court of Human Rights cases on Occupation of Baltic States">European Court of Human Rights cases on Occupation of Baltic States</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G08/117/59/PDF/G0811759.pdf">UNITED NATIONS Human Rights Council Report</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USA-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USA_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/eur/rls/rm/86539.htm">U.S.-Baltic Relations: Celebrating 85 Years of Friendship</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171117041717/https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/eur/rls/rm/86539.htm">Archived</a> 17 November 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at state.gov</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuropean_Parliament1983" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">European Parliament (13 January 1983). <a class="external text" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/80/Europarliament13011983.jpg">"Resolution on the situation in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania"</a>. <i>Official Journal of the European Communities</i>. C 42/78. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628204557/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/80/Europarliament13011983.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Official+Journal+of+the+European+Communities&rft.atitle=Resolution+on+the+situation+in+Estonia%2C+Latvia%2C+Lithuania&rft.volume=C+42%2F78&rft.date=1983-01-13&rft.au=European+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fen%2F8%2F80%2FEuroparliament13011983.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+MOTION+B6-2007-0215+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN">Motion for a resolution on the Situation in Estonia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180929233021/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-%2F%2FEP%2F%2FNONSGML+MOTION+B6-2007-0215+0+DOC+PDF+V0%2F%2FEN">Archived</a> 29 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by the EU</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuropean_Parliament1983" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">European Parliament (13 January 1983). <a class="external text" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/80/Europarliament13011983.jpg">"Resolution on the situation in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania"</a>. <i>Official Journal of the European Communities</i>. C 42/78. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628204557/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/80/Europarliament13011983.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2008</span>. <q>...calling on the United Nations to recognize the rights of the Baltic States to self-determination and independence...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Official+Journal+of+the+European+Communities&rft.atitle=Resolution+on+the+situation+in+Estonia%2C+Latvia%2C+Lithuania&rft.volume=C+42%2F78&rft.date=1983-01-13&rft.au=European+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fen%2F8%2F80%2FEuroparliament13011983.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=%221939+secret+protocol%22&btnG=Search">The Forty-Third Session of the UN Sub-Commission</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151019082434/http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=%221939+secret+protocol%22&btnG=Search">Archived</a> 19 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Google Scholar</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oldgazette.ru/lib/propagit/20/03.html">"Старые газеты: Библиотека: Пропагандист и агитатор РККА: №20, октябрь 1939г"</a>. <i>oldgazette.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211029/http://oldgazette.ru/lib/propagit/20/03.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oldgazette.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%3A+%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%3A+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82+%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80+%D0%A0%D0%9A%D0%9A%D0%90%3A+%E2%84%9620%2C+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C+1939%D0%B3.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foldgazette.ru%2Flib%2Fpropagit%2F20%2F03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GSE-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GSE_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Great_Soviet_Encyclopedia" title="Great Soviet Encyclopedia">Great Soviet Encyclopedia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/numbers/12/946.html">Russia and the Baltic States: Not a Case of "Flawed" History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080626024919/http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/numbers/12/946.html">Archived</a> 26 June 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - interview with Mikhail Demurin, head of the Executive Committee International Department of the <i>Rodina</i> (Homeland) party.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBBC_News:_Europe2005" class="citation news cs1">BBC News: Europe (5 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4517683.stm">"Russia denies Baltic 'occupation'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170620052742/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4517683.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia+denies+Baltic+%27occupation%27&rft.date=2005-05-05&rft.au=BBC+News%3A+Europe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F4517683.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBBC_News:_Europe2005" class="citation news cs1">BBC News: Europe (7 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4521663.stm">"Bush denounces Soviet domination"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161212060650/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4521663.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bush+denounces+Soviet+domination&rft.date=2005-05-07&rft.au=BBC+News%3A+Europe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F4521663.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lettia.lv/en_a_nacionalais-sastavs.html">"Ethnic structure of Latvia" at lettia.lv</a>, illustrating changes in the population of Latvia over the last hundred years.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairmen_of_the_Council_of_People&#039;s_Commissars/Ministers_of_Latvian_SSR" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latvian_SSR_Chairmen_of_the_Council" title="Template:Latvian SSR Chairmen of the Council"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latvian_SSR_Chairmen_of_the_Council" title="Template talk:Latvian SSR Chairmen of the Council"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latvian_SSR_Chairmen_of_the_Council" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latvian SSR Chairmen of the Council"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_Council_of_People&#039;s_Commissars/Ministers_of_Latvian_SSR" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chairmen_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic">Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars/Ministers of Latvian SSR</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilis_L%C4%81cis" title="Vilis Lācis">Lācis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81nis_Peive" title="Jānis Peive">Peive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vit%C4%81lijs_Rubenis" title="Vitālijs Rubenis">V. Rubenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurijs_Rubenis" title="Jurijs Rubenis">J. Rubenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnis_Edv%C4%ABns_Bresis" title="Vilnis Edvīns Bresis">Bresis</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1953%E2%80%931990).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Latvian SSR"><img alt="Flag of Latvian SSR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Latvian_SSR_First_Secretaries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latvian_SSR_First_Secretaries" title="Template:Latvian SSR First Secretaries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latvian_SSR_First_Secretaries" title="Template talk:Latvian SSR First Secretaries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latvian_SSR_First_Secretaries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latvian SSR First Secretaries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latvian_SSR_First_Secretaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_First_Secretaries_of_the_Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Latvia" title="List of First Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Latvia">Latvian SSR First Secretaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81nis_Kalnb%C4%93rzi%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Jānis Kalnbērziņš">Jānis Kalnbērziņš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arv%C4%ABds_Pel%C5%A1e" title="Arvīds Pelše">Arvīds Pelše</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusts_Voss" title="Augusts Voss">Augusts Voss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Pugo" title="Boris Pugo">Boris Pugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81nis_Vagris" title="Jānis Vagris">Jānis Vagris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfr%C4%93ds_Rubiks" title="Alfrēds Rubiks">Alfrēds Rubiks</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1953%E2%80%931990).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Latvian SSR"><img alt="Flag of Latvian SSR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Years_in_Latvia_(1918–present)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Years_in_Latvia" title="Template:Years in Latvia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Years_in_Latvia" title="Template talk:Years in Latvia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Years_in_Latvia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Years in Latvia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Years_in_Latvia_(1918–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Latvia" title="List of years in Latvia">Years</a> in <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> (1918–present)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_of_the_20th_century_in_Latvia" title="Category:Years of the 20th century in Latvia">Pre-1918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1918_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1918 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1919_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1919 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1920_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1920 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1921_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1921 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1922_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1922 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1923_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1923 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1924_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1924 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1925_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1925 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1926_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1926 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1927_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1927 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1928_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1928 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1929_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1929 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1930_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1930 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1931 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1932_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1932 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1933_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1933 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1934_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1934 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1935_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1935 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1936 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1937_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1938 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1939_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1939 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1940 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1941_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1941 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1942 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1943_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1943 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1944_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1944 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1945_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1945 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1946_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1946 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1947_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1947 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1948 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1949_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1949 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1950_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1950 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1951_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1951 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1952 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1953_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1953 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1954_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1954 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1955_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1956_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1956 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1957_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1957 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1958_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1958 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1960_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1960 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1961_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1961 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1962_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1962 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1963_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1963 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1965_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1965 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1966_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1966 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1967_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1967 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1968 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1970 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1971_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1971 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1972_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1972 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1973 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1975_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1975 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1976_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1976 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1977_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1977 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1978 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1979_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1979 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1980 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1981_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1981 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1983 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1984_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1984 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1985_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1985 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1987_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1987 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1988_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1988 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1989_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1989 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1991 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1992_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1993 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1994_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1994 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1996_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1996 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1997 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1998_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1998 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 in Latvia (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2000 in Latvia (page does not exist)">2000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2001 in Latvia (page does not exist)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2002_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2002 in Latvia (page does not exist)">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2003_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2003 in Latvia (page does not exist)">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 in Latvia (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2005_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2005 in Latvia (page does not exist)">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2006_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006 in Latvia (page does not exist)">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 in Latvia (page does not exist)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 in Latvia (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 in Latvia (page does not exist)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2010_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2010 in Latvia (page does not exist)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_Latvia" title="2011 in Latvia">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_in_Latvia" title="2012 in Latvia">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_in_Latvia" title="2013 in Latvia">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_Latvia" title="2014 in Latvia">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_Latvia" title="2015 in Latvia">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Latvia" title="2016 in Latvia">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_Latvia" title="2017 in Latvia">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_Latvia" title="2018 in Latvia">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Latvia" title="2019 in Latvia">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_Latvia" title="2020 in Latvia">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_Latvia" title="2021 in Latvia">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_Latvia" title="2022 in Latvia">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_Latvia" title="2023 in Latvia">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_Latvia" title="2024 in Latvia">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Latvia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latvia_topics" title="Template:Latvia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latvia_topics" title="Template talk:Latvia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latvia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latvia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latvia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Latvia" title="History of Latvia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balts" title="Balts">Ancient Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunda_culture" title="Kunda culture">Kunda culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narva_culture" title="Narva culture">Narva culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture" title="Corded Ware culture">Corded Ware culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Mariana" title="Terra Mariana">Terra Mariana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Livonia" title="Kingdom of Livonia">Kingdom of Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Livonia" title="Swedish Livonia">Swedish Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflanty_Voivodeship" title="Inflanty Voivodeship">Polish Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Livonia" title="Governorate of Livonia">Russian Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_Latvian_National_Awakening" class="mw-redirect" title="The First Latvian National Awakening">The First Latvian National Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Current" title="New Current">New Current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Riflemen" title="Latvian Riflemen">Latvian Riflemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Latvia_in_1940" title="Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940">Occupation by the Soviet Union (1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Latvia_by_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Latvia by Nazi Germany">by Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_re-occupation_of_Latvia_in_1944" title="Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944">by the Soviet Union (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Latvia" title="The Holocaust in Latvia">Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_deportations_from_Latvia" title="Soviet deportations from Latvia">Soviet deportations from Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_partisans" title="Latvian partisans">Latvian partisans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic 1944–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Restoration_of_Independence_of_the_Republic_of_Latvia" title="On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Latvia#Modern_history" title="History of Latvia">Post independence</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia_%282%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia_%282%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia_%282%29.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="205" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Latvia" title="Geography of Latvia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Latvia#Climate" title="Geography of Latvia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_regions_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural regions of Latvia">Cultural regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Latvia" title="Category:Lakes of Latvia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Latvia" title="List of protected areas of Latvia">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Latvia" title="List of rivers of Latvia">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Latvia" title="Politics of Latvia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Latvia" title="Administrative divisions of Latvia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Latvia" title="Constitution of Latvia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Latvia" title="Elections in Latvia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Latvia" title="Foreign relations of Latvia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Latvia" title="Government of Latvia">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_institutions_in_Latvia" title="Government institutions in Latvia">Government institutions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Latvia" title="Human rights in Latvia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Latvia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policy_in_Latvia" title="Language policy in Latvia">Language policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Latvia" title="Law enforcement in Latvia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Latvia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Latvia" title="List of political parties in Latvia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Latvia" title="President of Latvia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Latvia" title="Prime Minister of Latvia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeima" title="Saeima"><i>Saeima</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(parliament)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_regions_of_Latvia" title="Statistical regions of Latvia">Statistical regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Latvia" title="Economy of Latvia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Latvia" title="Agriculture in Latvia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Latvia" title="Bank of Latvia">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Latvia" title="Energy in Latvia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_euro_coins" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian euro coins">Latvian euro coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riga_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Riga Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Latvia" title="Tourism in Latvia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Latvia" title="Telecommunications in Latvia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Latvia" title="Transport in Latvia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Latvian_financial_crisis" title="2008 Latvian financial crisis">2008 financial crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Latvia" title="Category:Society of Latvia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Latvia" title="Demographics of Latvia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Latvia" title="Health in Latvia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Latvia" title="Education in Latvia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Latvia" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Latvia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Latvia" title="Crime in Latvia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Latvia#Immigration" title="Demographics of Latvia">Illegal immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Latvia" title="Public holidays in Latvia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Latvia" title="Religion in Latvia">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Latvia" title="Culture of Latvia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dievs,_sv%C4%93t%C4%AB_Latviju!" title="Dievs, svētī Latviju!">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Latvia" title="Cinema of Latvia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia" title="Coat of arms of Latvia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_cuisine" title="Latvian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Latvia" title="Flag of Latvia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_name" title="Latvian name">Latvian names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_literature" title="Latvian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Latvia" title="Music of Latvia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_mythology" title="Latvian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_pottery" title="Latvian pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Latvia" title="Sport in Latvia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Latvia" title="Television in Latvia">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Latvia" title="Outline of Latvia">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Latvia" title="Category:Latvia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latvia" title="Portal:Latvia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1922–1991)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template:Republics of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template talk:Republics of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Republics of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1922–1991)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">Republics of the Soviet Union</a> (1922–1991)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Creation_of_the_Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics" title="Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics">Founders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic">Armenian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic">Byelorussian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic">Georgian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian SSR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former parts of <br /> the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic">Tajik SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic">Turkmen SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic">Kazakh SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic">Kirghiz SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic">Uzbek SSR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Annexed in <a href="/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic">Estonian SSR</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Latvian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic">Lithuanian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian SSR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short-lived</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karelo-Finnish_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic">Karelo-Finnish SSR</a> (1940–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_Socialist_Federative_Soviet_Republic" title="Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic">Transcaucasian SFSR</a> (1922–1936)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-union republics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Soviet_Republic_of_Abkhazia" title="Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia">SSR Abkhazia</a> (1921–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_People%27s_Soviet_Republic" title="Bukharan People's Soviet Republic">Bukharan SSR</a> (1920–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorezm_People%27s_Soviet_Republic" title="Khorezm People's Soviet Republic">Khorezm SSR</a> (1920–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Abkhaz ASSR</a> (1990–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridnestrovian_Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic">Pridnestrovian Moldavian SSR</a> (1990–1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eastern_Bloc" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastern_Bloc" title="Template:Eastern Bloc"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eastern_Bloc" title="Template talk:Eastern Bloc"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern_Bloc" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern Bloc"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eastern_Bloc" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">Soviet occupations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Hungary–Soviet Union relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Romania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan#Rejection_by_Stalin" title="Marshall Plan">Soviet response to the Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soviet-allied states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">People's Republic of Albania <span style="font-size:85%;">(to 1961)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">People's Republic of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Socialist_Republic" title="Czechoslovak Socialist Republic">Czechoslovak Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">German Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_People%27s_Republic" title="Hungarian People's Republic">Hungarian People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Polish People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Socialist Republic of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia <span style="font-size:85%;">(to 1948)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cominform" title="Cominform">Cominform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">COMECON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="World Federation of Trade Unions">World Federation of Trade Unions <span style="font-size:85%;">(WFTU)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Democratic_Youth" title="World Federation of Democratic Youth">World Federation of Democratic Youth <span style="font-size:85%;">(WFDY)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Revolts and<br />opposition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goryani" title="Goryani">Goryani Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_East_German_State_Railway_strike" title="1949 East German State Railway strike">1949 East German State Railway strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cazin_rebellion" title="Cazin rebellion">Rebellion of Cazin 1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Plze%C5%88_uprising" title="1953 Plzeň uprising">1953 Plzeň uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">1953 East German uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Pozna%C5%84_protests" title="1956 Poznań protests">1956 Poznań protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">1956 Hungarian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a> / <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Polish_protests" title="1970 Polish protests">1970 Polish protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Spring" title="Croatian Spring">Croatian Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1976_protests" title="June 1976 protests">June 1976 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a> / <a href="/wiki/Soviet_reaction_to_the_Polish_crisis_of_1980%E2%80%931981" title="Soviet reaction to the Polish crisis of 1980–1981">Soviet reaction</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_protests_in_Kosovo" title="1981 protests in Kosovo">1981 protests in Kosovo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_the_Eastern_Bloc" title="Emigration from the Eastern Bloc">Emigration and defection</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Soviet_and_Eastern_Bloc_defectors" title="List of Soviet and Eastern Bloc defectors">list of defectors</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovietization_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Sovietization of the Baltic states">Sovietization of the Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_media_and_propaganda" title="Eastern Bloc media and propaganda">Information dissemination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_politics" title="Eastern Bloc politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_economies" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Bloc economies">Economies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_tapping_in_the_Eastern_Bloc" title="Telephone tapping in the Eastern Bloc">Telephone tapping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dissolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_Revolution" title="Peaceful Revolution">Die Wende</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">Fall of the Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_communism_in_Hungary" title="End of communism in Hungary">End of communism in Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_revolution" title="Romanian revolution">Romanian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">Fall of communism in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Collapse of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Events" title="January Events">January 1991 events in Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barricades" title="The Barricades">January 1991 events in Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&params=56_57_29_N_24_6_9_E_type:country"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">56°57′29″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°6′9″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">56.95806°N 24.10250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">56.95806; 24.10250</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192180#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192180#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192180#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4044169639240796580000">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Latvijskaja SSR"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1009154-3">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000343392&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007264235805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&oldid=1258730351">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&oldid=1258730351</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Category:Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic">Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communism_in_Latvia" title="Category:Communism in Latvia">Communism in Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eastern_Bloc" title="Category:Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Republics of the Soviet Union">Republics of the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Category:Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of the Baltic states</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soviet_military_occupations" title="Category:Soviet military occupations">Soviet military occupations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1940s_in_Latvia" title="Category:1940s in Latvia">1940s in Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1950s_in_Latvia" title="Category:1950s in Latvia">1950s in Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1960s_in_Latvia" title="Category:1960s in Latvia">1960s in Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_in_Latvia" title="Category:1970s in Latvia">1970s in Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_in_Latvia" title="Category:1980s in Latvia">1980s in Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990s_in_Latvia" title="Category:1990s in Latvia">1990s in Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1940_establishments_in_Latvia" title="Category:1940 establishments in Latvia">1940 establishments in Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1991_disestablishments_in_Latvia" title="Category:1991 disestablishments in Latvia">1991 disestablishments in Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1940_establishments_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:1940 establishments in the Soviet Union">1940 establishments in the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1991_disestablishments_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union">1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_history_of_Latvia" title="Category:Political history of Latvia">Political history of Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_client_states" title="Category:Former client states">Former client states</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_socialist_republics" title="Category:Former socialist republics">Former socialist republics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th_century_in_Latvia" title="Category:20th century in Latvia">20th century in Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1940" title="Category:States and territories established in 1940">States and territories established in 1940</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_disestablished_in_1991" title="Category:States and territories disestablished in 1991">States and territories disestablished in 1991</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_EasyTimeline_extension" title="Category:Pages using the EasyTimeline extension">Pages using the EasyTimeline extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Latvian-language_sources_(lv)" title="Category:CS1 Latvian-language sources (lv)">CS1 Latvian-language sources (lv)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_December_2017" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from December 2017">Articles with dead external links from December 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_May_2024" title="Category:Use British English from May 2024">Use British English from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2024">Use dmy dates from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_cleanup_from_June_2022" title="Category:Articles needing cleanup from June 2022">Articles needing cleanup from June 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_cleanup" title="Category:All pages needing cleanup">All pages needing cleanup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cleanup_tagged_articles_with_a_reason_field_from_June_2022" title="Category:Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from June 2022">Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from June 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pages_needing_cleanup_from_June_2022" title="Category:Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from June 2022">Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from June 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latvian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latvian-language text">Articles containing Latvian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Russian-language text">Articles containing Russian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_flag_caption_or_type_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters">Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_symbol_caption_or_type_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters">Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_June_2022" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from June 2022">Articles lacking reliable references from June 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_peacock_terms_from_June_2022" title="Category:Articles with peacock terms from June 2022">Articles with peacock terms from June 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_peacock_terms" title="Category:All articles with peacock terms">All articles with peacock terms</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_June_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2023">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 08:12<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-84779d6bf6-wgwwp","wgBackendResponseTime":220,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.543","walltime":"2.032","ppvisitednodes":{"value":14588,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":320087,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":42493,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":51,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":222001,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1778.928 1 -total"," 25.11% 446.717 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.85% 388.674 1 Template:Infobox_country"," 13.32% 237.022 28 Template:Citation_needed"," 11.92% 212.098 31 Template:Fix"," 10.02% 178.197 15 Template:Cite_web"," 8.24% 146.640 1 Template:Ubl"," 7.67% 136.485 6 Template:Navbox"," 7.55% 134.331 2 Template:Native_name"," 6.70% 119.241 1 Template:Latvian_SSR_Chairmen_of_the_Council"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.911","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17527347,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-wfhcx","timestamp":"20241123234255","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q192180","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q192180","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-11-26T21:38:50Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T08:12:28Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg","headline":"republic of the Soviet Union (1940-1991)"}</script> </body> </html>