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id="toc-Early_history_and_Baltic_tribes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history_and_Baltic_tribes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Early history and Baltic tribes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history_and_Baltic_tribes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Lithuania,_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_and_Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Lithuania,_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_and_Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Kingdom of Lithuania, Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Lithuania,_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_and_Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efforts_to_restore_statehood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efforts_to_restore_statehood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Efforts to restore statehood </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efforts_to_restore_statehood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restored_statehood_and_occupations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restored_statehood_and_occupations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Restored statehood and occupations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restored_statehood_and_occupations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 1990–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity_and_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity_and_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Biodiversity and conservation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity_and_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_parties_and_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_parties_and_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Political parties and elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_parties_and_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_and_law_enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_and_law_enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Law and law enforcement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_and_law_enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Foreign relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Agriculture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Science and technology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Communication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Communication </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Functional_urban_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functional_urban_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Functional urban areas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Functional_urban_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups_and_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups_and_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Ethnic groups and languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups_and_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urbanization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urbanization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Urbanization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urbanization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lithuanian_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lithuanian_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Lithuanian language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lithuanian_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Arts and museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Theatre </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Cinema </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.7 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rock_and_protest_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rock_and_protest_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.7.1 Rock and protest music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rock_and_protest_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.8 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.9 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_holidays_and_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_holidays_and_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.10 Public holidays and festivals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_holidays_and_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.11 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Lithuania</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 282 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-282" aria-hidden="true" > 282 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Литоу – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Литоу" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Литуание – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Литуание" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litaue" title="Litaue – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Litaue" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8A%E1%89%B5%E1%8B%8C%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%AB" title="ሊትዌኒያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሊትዌኒያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liettua" title="Liettua – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Liettua" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथुआनिया – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लिथुआनिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%BE%C3%BEuania" title="Liþþuania – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Liþþuania" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ليتوانيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليتوانيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AC%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܬܘܢܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܬܘܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Լիթուանիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Լիթուանիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथुआनिया – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="लिथुआनिया" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu%C3%A1%C3%B1a" title="Lituáña – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Lituáña" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litua%C3%B1a" title="Lituaña – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Lituaña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litva" title="Litva – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Litva" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="لیتوانی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لیتوانی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="লিথুয়ানিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিথুয়ানিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuva" title="Lietuva – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lietuva" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Літва – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Літва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Летува – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Летува" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथुआनिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लिथुआनिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituanya" title="Lituanya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Lituanya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwania" title="Litwania – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Litwania" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litaun" title="Litaun – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Litaun" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="ལི་ཐུ་ཨེ་ནི་ཡ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལི་ཐུ་ཨེ་ནི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litvanija" title="Litvanija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Litvanija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu%C3%A0nia" title="Lituània – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lituània" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwanya" title="Litwanya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Litwanya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litva" title="Litva – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Litva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritwaniya" title="Ritwaniya – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ritwaniya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithwania" title="Lithwania – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lithwania" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ليتوانيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ليتوانيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuva" title="Lietuva – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Lietuva" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litaun" title="Litaun – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Litaun" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%8C%DE%AA%DE%87%DE%AD%DE%82%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A7" title="ލިތުއޭނިއާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ލިތުއޭނިއާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%A9j%C3%A9%C3%A9%CA%BC_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Tséjééʼ Dineʼé Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tséjééʼ Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litawska" title="Litawska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Litawska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथुआनिया – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="लिथुआनिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="ལི་ཐུ་ནི་ཡ། – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ལི་ཐུ་ནི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leedu" title="Leedu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Leedu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Λιθουανία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λιθουανία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu%C3%A0gna" title="Lituàgna – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Lituàgna" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Литва Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Литва Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litovio" title="Litovio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Litovio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litua%C3%B1a" title="Lituaña – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lituaña" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="لیتوانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیتوانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litava" title="Litava – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Litava" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituanie" title="Lituanie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lituanie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litouwen" title="Litouwen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Litouwen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituwaniya" title="Lituwaniya – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Lituwaniya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituanie" title="Lituanie – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lituanie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Liotu%C3%A1in" title="An Liotuáin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Liotuáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Litaan" title="Yn Litaan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Litaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litvaniya" title="Litvaniya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Litvaniya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liotu%C3%A0inia" title="Liotuàinia – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Liotuàinia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rithu%C4%A9nia" title="Rithuĩnia – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Rithuĩnia" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A5%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="લિથુઆનિયા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લિથુઆનિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌻𐌹𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌾𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌻𐌹𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथुआनिया – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="लिथुआनिया" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%88%AC%EC%95%84%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84" title="리투아니아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리투아니아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1" title="Լիտվա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիտվա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथुआनिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लिथुआनिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litawska" title="Litawska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Litawska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litva" title="Litva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Litva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithunia" title="Lithunia – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Lithunia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="লিথুয়ানিয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="লিথুয়ানিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%95%E1%90%8B%E1%91%90%E1%95%99" title="ᓕᐋᑐᕙ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓕᐋᑐᕙ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILithuwaniya" title="ILithuwaniya – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ILithuwaniya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit%C3%A1en" title="Litáen – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Litáen" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%90" title="ליטא – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליטא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litowen" title="Litowen – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Litowen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituyanii" title="Lituyanii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lituyanii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF" title="ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ლიეტუვა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლიეტუვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ABtwa" title="Lëtwa – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Lëtwa" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithouani" title="Lithouani – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lithouani" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituwaniya" title="Lituwaniya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Lituwaniya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituanya" title="Lituanya – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lituanya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuva" title="Lietuva – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Lietuva" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuva" title="Lietuva – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Lietuva" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityani" title="Lityani – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lityani" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litchwani" title="Litchwani – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Litchwani" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AEtvanya" title="Lîtvanya – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lîtvanya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5" title="ປະເທດລິດຕົວນີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດລິດຕົວນີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%ABtova" title="Lītova – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Lītova" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuva" title="Lietuva – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lietuva" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuva" title="Lietuva – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lietuva" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lito%C3%A0nia" title="Litoània – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Litoània" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litouwe" title="Litouwe – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Litouwe" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwani" title="Litwani – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Litwani" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuva" title="Lietuva – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lietuva" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litvu" title="Litvu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Litvu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/lietuvas" title="lietuvas – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="lietuvas" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithueenia" title="Lithueenia – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Lithueenia" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litv%C3%A1nia" title="Litvánia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Litvánia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Литванија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Литванија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoania" title="Litoania – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Litoania" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="ലിത്വാനിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിത്വാനിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwanja" title="Litwanja – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Litwanja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritu%C4%81nia" title="Rituānia – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rituānia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथुएनिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लिथुएनिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ლიეტუვა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლიეტუვა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ليتوانيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليتوانيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="لیتوانی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لیتوانی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯂꯤꯊ꯭ꯋꯥꯅꯤꯌꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯤꯊ꯭ꯋꯥꯅꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhitu%C3%A1nia" title="Lhituánia – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Lhituánia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="လစ်သူယေးနီးယားနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လစ်သူယေးနီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litouwen" title="Litouwen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Litouwen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litouwen" title="Litouwen – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Litouwen" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथुआनिया – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लिथुआनिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथुआनिया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लिथुआनिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%88%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2" title="リトアニア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リトアニア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithyuanya" title="Lithyuanya – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Lithyuanya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanie" title="Lithuanie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Lithuanie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu%C3%A0nia" title="Lituània – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lituània" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituheeniyaa" title="Lituheeniyaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Lituheeniyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litva" title="Litva – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Litva" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लिथ्वानिया – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="लिथ्वानिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="لیتھوینیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیتھوینیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ليتوانيا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ليتوانيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituyenia" title="Lituyenia – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Lituyenia" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Летува – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Летува" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituanie" title="Lituanie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Lituanie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituwenia" title="Lituwenia – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Lituwenia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwa" title="Litwa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Litwa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Λιθουανία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Λιθουανία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu%C3%A2nia" title="Lituânia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lituânia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litva" title="Litva – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Litva" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litvaniya" title="Litvaniya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Litvaniya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rituania" title="Rituania – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Rituania" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituaniya" title="Lituaniya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Lituaniya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuwanya" title="Lithuwanya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lithuwanya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Літва – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Літва" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufiana" title="Lufiana – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Lufiana" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="लेतुवा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लेतुवा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituan%C3%AFi" title="Lituanïi – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Lituanïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱞᱤᱛᱷᱩᱣᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱤᱛᱷᱩᱣᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu%C3%A0nia" title="Lituània – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Lituània" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanie" title="Lithuanie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lithuanie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ලිතුවේනියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලිතුවේනියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%BF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="لٿوينيا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لٿوينيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuwani" title="Lithuwani – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Lithuwani" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litva" title="Litva – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Litva" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litva" title="Litva – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Litva" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литъва – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Литъва" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwa" title="Litwa – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Litwa" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwaaniya" title="Litwaaniya – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Litwaaniya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="لیتوانیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لیتوانیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituwaniyakondre" title="Lituwaniyakondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Lituwaniyakondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Литванија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Литванија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litvanija" title="Litvanija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Litvanija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liettua" title="Liettua – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liettua" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Litauen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwanya" title="Litwanya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Litwanya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="லித்துவேனியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லித்துவேனியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwaniya" title="Litwaniya – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Litwaniya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwanya" title="Litwanya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Litwanya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituanie" title="Lituanie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lituanie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%82%87%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းလီႉတူႇဝေးၼီးယႃး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းလီႉတူႇဝေးၼီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="లిథువేనియా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లిథువేనియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu%C3%A1nia" title="Lituánia – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lituánia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศลิทัวเนีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศลิทัวเนีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%97%E1%8F%AA%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%A0" title="ᎵᏗᏪᏂᎠ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎵᏗᏪᏂᎠ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tshivenda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litvanya" title="Litvanya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Litvanya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwa" title="Litwa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Litwa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Литва" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="لتھوینیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لتھوینیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%89%D8%AA%DB%8B%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="لىتۋانىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لىتۋانىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81itu%C3%A0nia" title="Łituània – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łituània" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litvanma" title="Litvanma – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Litvanma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litva" title="Litva – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Litva" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietuv%C3%A4n" title="Lietuvän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lietuvän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leedu" title="Leedu – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Leedu" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwaneye" title="Litwaneye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Litwaneye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="立陶宛" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litouwn" title="Litouwn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Litouwn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituwaani" title="Lituwaani – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Lituwaani" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="立陶宛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A2" title="ליטע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ליטע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu%C3%A9n%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Lituéníà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Lituéníà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="立陶宛" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litwanya" title="Litwanya – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Litwanya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litouwen" title="Litouwen – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Litouwen" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietova" title="Lietova – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Lietova" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="立陶宛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Lituania" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litowen" title="Litowen – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Litowen" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litv%C9%99" title="Litvə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Litvə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵍⵉⵜⵡⴰⵏⵢⴰ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵍⵉⵜⵡⴰⵏⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lithuania&params=55_N_24_E_region:LT_type:country">55°N 24°E / 55°N 24°E / 55; 24</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-indicator-fr-review-status" class="mw-indicator"><indicator name="fr-review-status" class="mw-fr-review-status-indicator" id="mw-fr-revision-toggle">Checked</indicator></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-autoreview" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#pending" title="All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review prior to becoming visible to unregistered users"><img alt="Page protected with pending changes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Litwa_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Litwa (disambiguation)">Litwa (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Lietuva" redirects here. For newspapers under the name Lietuva, see <a href="/wiki/Lietuva_(newspaper)" title="Lietuva (newspaper)">Lietuva (newspaper)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of Lithuania</div><div class="ib-country-names">Lietuvos Respublika (<a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Lithuania"><img alt="Flag of Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/125px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/188px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/250px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lithuania" title="Flag of Lithuania">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Lithuania"><img alt="Coat of arms of Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania" title="Coat of arms of Lithuania"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem:  <a href="/wiki/Tauti%C5%A1ka_giesm%C4%97" title="Tautiška giesmė">Tautiška giesmė</a> "National Hymn"<div style="padding-top:0.5em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="108" data-mwtitle="Tautiška_giesme_instrumental.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Tauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/Tauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga/Tauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=eo&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eo" label="Esperanto ‪(eo)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=lt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="lt" label="lietuvių ‪(lt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=pl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski ‪(pl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATauti%C5%A1ka_giesme_instrumental.oga&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Lithuania (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green)  –  [Legend]"><img alt="Location of Lithuania (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green)  –  [Legend]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EU-Lithuania.svg/250px-EU-Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EU-Lithuania.svg/375px-EU-Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EU-Lithuania.svg/500px-EU-Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><div style="text-align:center;line-height:1.15em;">Location of Lithuania (dark green)– in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (green & dark grey) – in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (green)  –  [<a href="/wiki/File:EU-Lithuania.svg" title="File:EU-Lithuania.svg">Legend</a>]</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lithuania&params=54_41_N_25_19_E_type:city">54°41′N 25°19′E / 54.683°N 25.317°E / 54.683; 25.317</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2024<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>82.6% <a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanians</a></li><li>6.3% <a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Lithuania" title="Poles in Lithuania">Poles</a></li><li>5.0% <a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Lithuania" title="Russians in Lithuania">Russians</a></li><li>2.1% <a href="/wiki/Belarusians_in_Lithuania" title="Belarusians in Lithuania">Belarusians</a></li><li>1.7% <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Lithuania" title="Ukrainians in Lithuania">Ukrainians</a></li><li>2.3% <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Lithuania" title="Ethnic minorities in Lithuania">others</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2021<a href="#cite_note-religion-stats-3">[3]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>79.4% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li>74.2% <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Lithuania" title="Catholic Church in Lithuania">Catholicism</a></li> <li>5.2% other <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">Christian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>6.1% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a></li> <li>0.8% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lithuania" title="Religion in Lithuania">others</a></li> <li>13.7% no answer</li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lithuania" title="Politics of Lithuania">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_republic" title="Semi-presidential republic">semi-presidential republic</a><a href="#cite_note-Lina-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Draft-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dual-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Lithuania" title="President of Lithuania">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Gitanas Nausėda</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lithuania" title="Prime Minister of Lithuania">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gintautas_Paluckas" title="Gintautas Paluckas">Gintautas Paluckas</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Seimas" title="List of speakers of the Seimas">Seimas Speaker</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saulius_Skvernelis" title="Saulius Skvernelis">Saulius Skvernelis</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">Seimas</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania" title="History of Lithuania">Formation</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Name_of_Lithuania" title="Name of Lithuania">First mentioned</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">9 March 1009</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1236</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Coronation of <a href="/wiki/Mindaugas" title="Mindaugas">Mindaugas</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">6 July 1253</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Krewo" title="Union of Krewo">Union with Poland</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">2 February 1386</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a> created </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 July 1569</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">Partitioned</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">24 October 1795</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Independence_of_Lithuania" title="Act of Independence of Lithuania">Independence reinstated</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">16 February 1918</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic">Soviet occupation</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">16 June 1940</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">Independence restored</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">11 March 1990</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Lithuania" title="Geography of Lithuania">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">65,300<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> km2 (25,200 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">121st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.98 (2015)<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Lithuania" title="Demographics of Lithuania">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2025 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 2,897,430<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">135th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">44/km2 (114.0/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">138th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2025 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $161.454 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.LT-11">[11]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">88th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $55,995<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.LT-11">[11]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">39th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2025 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $87.981 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.LT-11">[11]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">78th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $30,514<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.LT-11">[11]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">40th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2023)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 35.7<a href="#cite_note-eurogini-12">[12]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.879<a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-13">[13]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">very high (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">37th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Euro_sign" title="Euro sign">€</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+2 (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+3 (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="year">yyyy</abbr>-<abbr title="month">mm</abbr>-<abbr title="day">dd</abbr><a href="#cite_note-14">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Right</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Lithuania" title="Telephone numbers in Lithuania">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Lithuania" title="Telephone numbers in Lithuania">+370</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:LT" title="ISO 3166-2:LT">LT</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.lt" title=".lt">.lt</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Lithuania,<a href="#cite_note-18">[b]</a> officially the Republic of Lithuania,<a href="#cite_note-19">[c]</a> is a country in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_region" title="Baltic region">Baltic region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-location-28">[d]</a> It is one of three <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a> and lies on the eastern shore of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>, bordered by <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> to the east and south, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> to the south, and the Russian <a href="/wiki/Exclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclave">semi-exclave</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a> to the southwest, with a <a href="/wiki/Maritime_boundary" title="Maritime boundary">maritime border</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> to the west. Lithuania covers an area of 65,300 km2 (25,200 sq mi), with a population of 2.89 million. Its capital and largest city is <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>; other major cities include <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauliai" title="Šiauliai">Šiauliai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panev%C4%97%C5%BEys" title="Panevėžys">Panevėžys</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanians</a> belong to the linguistic group of the <a href="/wiki/Balts" title="Balts">Balts</a> and speak <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>. For millennia, the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea were inhabited by various <a href="/wiki/Balts" title="Balts">Baltic tribes</a>. In the 1230s, Lithuanian lands were united for the first time by <a href="/wiki/Mindaugas" title="Mindaugas">Mindaugas</a>, who formed the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania" title="Kingdom of Lithuania">Kingdom of Lithuania</a> on 6 July 1253. Subsequent expansion and consolidation resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a>, which by the 14th century was the largest country in Europe. In 1386, the Grand Duchy entered into a <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Crown of the Kingdom of Poland">Crown of the Kingdom of Poland</a>. The two realms were <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Lublin" title="Union of Lublin">united</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">bi-confederal</a> <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> in 1569, forming one of the largest and most prosperous states in Europe. The Commonwealth lasted more than two centuries, until neighbouring countries gradually <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">dismantled</a> it between 1772 and 1795, with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> annexing most of Lithuania's territory. Towards the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Lithuania <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Independence_of_Lithuania" title="Act of Independence of Lithuania">declared Independence</a> in 1918, founding the modern Republic of Lithuania. In <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Lithuania was occupied <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1940)" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)">by the Soviet Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Lithuania during World War II">then by Nazi Germany</a>, before being <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1944)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944)">reoccupied by the Soviets</a> in 1944. <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_partisans" title="Lithuanian partisans">Lithuanian armed resistance</a> to the Soviet occupation lasted until the early 1950s. On 11 March 1990, a year before the formal <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a>, Lithuania became the first Soviet republic to break away when it <a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">proclaimed the restoration of its independence</a>. Lithuania is a <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed country</a> with a <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_high-income_economy" title="World Bank high-income economy">high income</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Lithuania" title="Economy of Lithuania">an advanced economy</a>. Lithuania is a member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">eurozone</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Investment_Bank" title="Nordic Investment Bank">Nordic Investment Bank</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen Agreement</a>, <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, and <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>. It also participates in the <a href="/wiki/Nordic-Baltic_Eight" title="Nordic-Baltic Eight">Nordic-Baltic Eight</a> (NB8) regional co-operation format. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Name_of_Lithuania" title="Name of Lithuania">Name of Lithuania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lietuvos_vardas._The_first_name_of_Lithuania_in_writing_1009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lietuvos_vardas._The_first_name_of_Lithuania_in_writing_1009.jpg/220px-Lietuvos_vardas._The_first_name_of_Lithuania_in_writing_1009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lietuvos_vardas._The_first_name_of_Lithuania_in_writing_1009.jpg/330px-Lietuvos_vardas._The_first_name_of_Lithuania_in_writing_1009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lietuvos_vardas._The_first_name_of_Lithuania_in_writing_1009.jpg/440px-Lietuvos_vardas._The_first_name_of_Lithuania_in_writing_1009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="316" /></a><figcaption>Lithuania's name in writing (Litua, on line 7), 1009</figcaption></figure> The spelling of Lithuania was a later addition to the original Latinate Lituania since 1800 as a form of <a href="/wiki/Hyperforeignism" title="Hyperforeignism">hyperforeignism</a> (such as the word <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/author#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:author">author</a> being a superseding form of older autor) influenced by <a href="/wiki/English_words_of_Greek_origin" title="English words of Greek origin">Greek loanwords</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Theta" title="Theta">theta</a>; it is ultimately from <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>: Lietuva.<a href="#cite_note-29">[25]</a> The first known record of Lietuva is in a 9 March 1009 story of <a href="/wiki/Bruno_of_Querfurt" title="Bruno of Querfurt">Saint Bruno</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Quedlinburg_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Quedlinburg Chronicle">Quedlinburg Chronicle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[26]</a> The Chronicle recorded a Latinized form of the name Lietuva: Litua<a href="#cite_note-31">[27]</a> (pronounced [litua]). Due to lack of reliable evidence, the true meaning of the name is unknown and scholars still debate it. There are a few plausible versions.<a href="#cite_note-VardasVle-32">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lietava_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lietava River">Lietava</a>, a small river not far from <a href="/wiki/Kernav%C4%97" title="Kernavė">Kernavė</a>, the core area of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Duchy of Lithuania">early Lithuanian state</a> and a possible first capital of the eventual <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a>, is usually credited as the source of the name.<a href="#cite_note-Zigmas2-33">[29]</a> However, the river is very small and some find it improbable that such a small and local object could have lent its name to an entire nation. On the other hand, such naming is not unprecedented in world history.<a href="#cite_note-Zigmas-34">[30]</a> Artūras Dubonis proposed another hypothesis,<a href="#cite_note-35">[31]</a> that Lietuva relates to the word <a href="/wiki/Lei%C4%8Diai" title="Leičiai">leičiai</a> (plural of leitis). From the middle of the 13th century, leičiai were a distinct warrior social group of the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanian</a> society subordinate to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Lithuania">Lithuanian ruler</a> or the state itself. The word leičiai is used in 14–16th century historical sources as an <a href="/wiki/Ethnonym" title="Ethnonym">ethnonym</a> for Lithuanians (but not <a href="/wiki/Samogitians" title="Samogitians">Samogitians</a>) and is still used, usually poetically or in historical contexts, in the <a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian language</a>, which is closely related to Lithuanian.<a href="#cite_note-36">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania" title="History of Lithuania">History of Lithuania</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history_and_Baltic_tribes">Early history and Baltic tribes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history and Baltic tribes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Balts" title="Balts">Balts</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_land_confederation" title="Lithuanian land confederation">Lithuanian land confederation</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baltic-amber-colours.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Baltic-amber-colours.JPG/220px-Baltic-amber-colours.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Baltic-amber-colours.JPG/330px-Baltic-amber-colours.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Baltic-amber-colours.JPG/440px-Baltic-amber-colours.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption>Baltic amber was a valuable trade item, transported from the region of modern-day Lithuania to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Amber_Road" title="Amber Road">Amber Road</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kernav%C4%97sPLK.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kernav%C4%97sPLK.JPG/220px-Kernav%C4%97sPLK.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kernav%C4%97sPLK.JPG/330px-Kernav%C4%97sPLK.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kernav%C4%97sPLK.JPG/440px-Kernav%C4%97sPLK.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3261" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Ancient <a href="/wiki/Kernav%C4%97_Mounds" title="Kernavė Mounds">Kernavė hillforts</a></figcaption></figure> The history of Lithuania dates back to settlements founded about 10,000 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-39">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-kudirka13-40">[36]</a> The first people settled in the territory of Lithuania after the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period" title="Last Glacial Period">Last Glacial Period</a> in the 10th millennium BC: <a href="/wiki/Kunda_culture" title="Kunda culture">Kunda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neman_culture" title="Neman culture">Neman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narva_culture" title="Narva culture">Narva cultures</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PoloméWinter2011-41">[37]</a> They were traveling hunters. In the 8th millennium BC the climate became warmer and forests developed. The inhabitants of what is now Lithuania travelled less and engaged in local hunting, gathering and fresh-water fishing. The <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_migrations" title="Indo-European migrations">Indo-Europeans</a>, who arrived in the 3rd – 2nd millennium BC, mixed with the local population and formed various <a href="/wiki/Baltic_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic tribes">Baltic tribes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[38]</a> The Baltic tribes did not maintain close cultural or political contacts with the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>,<a href="#cite_note-MacDonald1996-43">[39]</a> while maintaining trade contacts via the <a href="/wiki/Amber_Road" title="Amber Road">Amber Road</a>. From the 9th to the 11th centuries, coastal Balts were subjected to raids by the <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kasekamp2017-44">[40]</a> Lithuania comprised mainly the culturally different regions of <a href="/wiki/Samogitia" title="Samogitia">Samogitia</a> (known for its early medieval skeletal burials), and further east <a href="/wiki/Auk%C5%A1taitija" title="Aukštaitija">Aukštaitija</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Lithuania_proper" title="Lithuania proper">Lithuania proper</a> (known for its early medieval cremation burials). The area was remote and unattractive to outsiders, including traders, which accounts for its separate linguistic, cultural and religious identity and delayed integration into general European patterns and trends.<a href="#cite_note-Ochmański_37-45">[41]</a> Traditional <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">Lithuanian pagan customs and mythology</a>, with many archaic elements, were long preserved. Rulers' bodies were cremated up until the conversion to Christianity: the descriptions of the cremation ceremonies of the grand dukes <a href="/wiki/Algirdas" title="Algirdas">Algirdas</a> and <a href="/wiki/K%C4%99stutis" title="Kęstutis">Kęstutis</a> have survived.<a href="#cite_note-Bumblauskas_24-25-46">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_of_Lithuania,_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_and_Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth">Kingdom of Lithuania, Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Lithuania, Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Duchy of Lithuania">Duchy of Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania" title="Kingdom of Lithuania">Kingdom of Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">Kościuszko Uprising</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuanian_state_in_13-15th_centuries.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lithuanian_state_in_13-15th_centuries.png/220px-Lithuanian_state_in_13-15th_centuries.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lithuanian_state_in_13-15th_centuries.png/330px-Lithuanian_state_in_13-15th_centuries.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lithuanian_state_in_13-15th_centuries.png/440px-Lithuanian_state_in_13-15th_centuries.png 2x" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="1411" /></a><figcaption>Changes in the territory of Lithuania from the 13th to 15th century. At its peak, Lithuania was the largest state in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-Bideleux-47">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-USDoS-48">[44]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Traku_pilis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Traku_pilis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg/220px-Traku_pilis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Traku_pilis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg/330px-Traku_pilis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Traku_pilis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg/440px-Traku_pilis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trakai_Island_Castle" title="Trakai Island Castle">Trakai Island Castle</a>, the former residence of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Lithuanian_monarchs" title="List of Lithuanian monarchs">Grand Dukes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Trakai" title="Trakai">Trakai</a> was the capital of the medieval state.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilnia._%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F_(T._Mako%C5%ADski,_1600).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Vilnia._%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F_%28T._Mako%C5%ADski%2C_1600%29.jpg/220px-Vilnia._%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F_%28T._Mako%C5%ADski%2C_1600%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Vilnia._%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F_%28T._Mako%C5%ADski%2C_1600%29.jpg/330px-Vilnia._%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F_%28T._Mako%C5%ADski%2C_1600%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Vilnia._%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F_%28T._Mako%C5%ADski%2C_1600%29.jpg/440px-Vilnia._%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F_%28T._Mako%C5%ADski%2C_1600%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>Panorama of Vilnius in 1600</figcaption></figure> The first written record of the name for the country dates back to 1009 AD.<a href="#cite_note-49">[45]</a> Facing the <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Crusade" title="Livonian Crusade">German threat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mindaugas" title="Mindaugas">Mindaugas</a> in the middle of the 13th century united a large part of the <a href="/wiki/Balts" title="Balts">Baltic</a> tribes and founded the State of Lithuania, while in 1253 he was crowned as the Catholic <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania" title="Kingdom of Lithuania">King of Lithuania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mindaugas-50">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-LTHistoryBritannica-51">[47]</a> Moreover by taking advantage of the weakened territory of the former <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a> due to the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'">Mongol invasion</a>, Mindaugas incorporated <a href="/wiki/Black_Ruthenia" title="Black Ruthenia">Black Ruthenia</a> into Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-Mindaugas-50">[46]</a> After Mindaugas' assassination in 1263, <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">pagan Lithuania</a> was again a target of the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Crusade" title="Lithuanian Crusade">Christian crusades</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic Knights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian Order</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Traidenis" title="Traidenis">Traidenis</a> during his reign (1269–1282) reunified all Lithuanian lands and achieved military successes against the Crusaders, fighting alongside other Baltic tribes, but was unable to militarily assist the <a href="/wiki/Old_Prussians" title="Old Prussians">Old Prussians</a> in their <a href="/wiki/Prussian_uprisings#The_Great_Prussian_uprising_(1260–1274)" title="Prussian uprisings">Great Uprising</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Traidenis-53">[49]</a> Traidenis' main residence was in <a href="/wiki/Kernav%C4%97" title="Kernavė">Kernavė</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Traidenis-53">[49]</a> From the late 13th century members of the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanian</a> <a href="/wiki/Gediminids" title="Gediminids">Gediminids</a> dynasty began ruling Lithuania, who consolidated a <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">hereditary monarchy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Letters_of_Gediminas" title="Letters of Gediminas">status</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> as permanent <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital city</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Lithuania" title="Christianization of Lithuania">christianized Lithuania</a> and by incorporating <a href="/wiki/East_Slavs" title="East Slavs">East Slavs</a>' territories (e.g. principalities of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Minsk" title="Principality of Minsk">Minsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Kiev" title="Principality of Kiev">Kyiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Polotsk" title="Principality of Polotsk">Polotsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Vitebsk" title="Principality of Vitebsk">Vitebsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Smolensk" title="Principality of Smolensk">Smolensk</a>, etc.) significantly expanded the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a>'s territory, which reached ~650,000 km2 in the first half of the 14th century.<a href="#cite_note-VleLDK-54">[50]</a> At the end of the 14th century Lithuania was the largest country in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bideleux-47">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-USDoS-48">[44]</a> In 1385, Lithuania formed a <a href="/wiki/Dynastic_union" title="Dynastic union">dynastic union</a> with <a href="/wiki/Poland_during_the_Jagiellon_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Poland during the Jagiellon dynasty">Poland</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Krewo" title="Union of Krewo">Union of Krewo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VleLDK-54">[50]</a> Furthermore, in the late 14th–15th centuries <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">patrilineal</a> <a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_dynasty" title="Jagiellonian dynasty">members</a> of the Lithuanian ruling Gediminids dynasty ruled not only Lithuania and Poland, but <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1301%E2%80%931526)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_personal_union_with_Hungary" title="Croatia in personal union with Hungary">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Bohemia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a> The German attacks on Lithuania were ceased with a decisive Polish–Lithuanian victory in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grunwald" title="Battle of Grunwald">Battle of Grunwald</a> in 1410 and by concluding the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Melno" title="Treaty of Melno">Treaty of Melno</a> in 1422.<a href="#cite_note-VleLDK-54">[50]</a> In the 15th century the strengthened <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Moscow">Grand Duchy of Moscow</a> renewed the <a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars</a> for the Lithuanian-controlled <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> territories.<a href="#cite_note-VleLDK-54">[50]</a> Due to the unsuccessful beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a>, loss of land to the <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a>, and pressure by monarch <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_II_Augustus" title="Sigismund II Augustus">Sigismund II Augustus</a>, a supporter of a close Polish–Lithuanian union, the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_nobility" title="Lithuanian nobility">Lithuanian nobility</a> agreed to conclude the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Lublin" title="Union of Lublin">Union of Lublin</a> in 1569 with the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Crown of the Kingdom of Poland">Crown of the Kingdom of Poland</a>, which created a new <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federative</a> <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> with a joint monarch (holding both titles of the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania), but Lithuania remained a separate state from Poland with its own territory (~300 000 km2), coat of arms, management apparatus, laws, courts, seal, army, treasury, etc.<a href="#cite_note-LUnija-57">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-VleLDK-54">[50]</a> After concluding the <a href="/wiki/Real_union" title="Real union">real union</a> Lithuania and Poland jointly managed to reach military successes during the Livonian War, <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_occupation_of_Moscow" title="Polish–Lithuanian occupation of Moscow">occupation of Moscow</a> (1610), <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1600%E2%80%931611)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)">war with Sweden (1600–1611)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smolensk_War" title="Smolensk War">Smolensk war with Russia (1632–1634)</a>, etc.<a href="#cite_note-VleLDK-54">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-LUnija-57">[53]</a> In 1588, <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III Vasa</a> personally confirmed the <a href="/wiki/Statutes_of_Lithuania#Third_Statute" title="Statutes of Lithuania">Third Statute of Lithuania</a> where it was stated that Lithuania and Poland have equal rights within the Commonwealth and ensured the <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">separation of powers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a> The real union strongly intensified the <a href="/wiki/Polonization" title="Polonization">Polonization</a> of Lithuania and Lithuanian nobility.<a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a> The mid-17th century was marked with disastrous military loses for Lithuania as during the <a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">Deluge</a> most of the territory of Lithuania was annexed by the Tsardom of Russia and even Lithuania's capital Vilnius was fully <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vilnius_(1655)" title="Battle of Vilnius (1655)">captured</a> for the first time by a foreign army and ravaged.<a href="#cite_note-Raila-60">[56]</a> In 1655, Lithuania unilaterally <a href="/wiki/Union_of_K%C4%97dainiai" title="Union of Kėdainiai">seceded</a> from Poland, declared the Swedish King <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X Gustav of Sweden">Charles X Gustav</a> as the Grand Duke of Lithuania and fell under the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Lithuania" title="Swedish Lithuania">protection of the Swedish Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[57]</a> However, by 1657 Lithuania was once again a part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth following the Lithuanian revolt against the Swedes.<a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a> Vilnius was recaptured from the Russians in 1661.<a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a> In the second half of the 18th century the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was three times <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">partitioned</a> by three neighboring countries which completely <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_(politics)" title="Dissolution (politics)">dissoluted</a> both independent Lithuania and Poland from the political map in 1795 after a failed <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">Kościuszko Uprising</a> and short-lived <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_uprising_(1794)" title="Vilnius uprising (1794)">recapture of capital Vilnius</a> in 1794.<a href="#cite_note-VleLDK-54">[50]</a> Most of Lithuania's territory was <a href="/wiki/Russian_Partition" title="Russian Partition">annexed by the Russian Empire</a>, while <a href="/wiki/U%C5%BEnemun%C4%97" class="mw-redirect" title="Užnemunė">Užnemunė</a> [<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C5%BEnemun%C4%97" class="extiw" title="lt:Užnemunė">lt</a>] was annexed by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VleLDK-54">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Efforts_to_restore_statehood">Efforts to restore statehood</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Efforts to restore statehood">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November Uprising</a>, <a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">January Uprising</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Revival" title="Lithuanian National Revival">Lithuanian National Revival</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emila_Plater_conducting_Polish_scythemen_in_1831.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Emila_Plater_conducting_Polish_scythemen_in_1831.jpg/200px-Emila_Plater_conducting_Polish_scythemen_in_1831.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Emila_Plater_conducting_Polish_scythemen_in_1831.jpg/300px-Emila_Plater_conducting_Polish_scythemen_in_1831.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Emila_Plater_conducting_Polish_scythemen_in_1831.jpg/400px-Emila_Plater_conducting_Polish_scythemen_in_1831.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1153" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emilia_Plater" title="Emilia Plater">Emilia Plater</a> leading peasant <a href="/wiki/Kosynierzy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosynierzy">scythemen</a> during the 1831 Uprising against Russian Empire; often nicknamed as a Lithuanian <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a></figcaption></figure> Following the annexation the <a href="/wiki/Tsarist_autocracy" title="Tsarist autocracy">Russian Tsarist</a> authorities implemented <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a> policies in Lithuania, which then made a part of a new administrative region <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Krai" title="Northwestern Krai">Northwestern Krai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Vle1795-1914-65">[61]</a> In 1812 <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> during the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a> has established the puppet <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Provisional_Governing_Commission" title="Lithuanian Provisional Governing Commission">Lithuanian Provisional Governing Commission</a> to support his war efforts, however after Napoleon's defeat the Russian rule was reinstated in Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-Vle1795-1914-65">[61]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November Uprising</a> (1830–1831) the Lithuanians and Poles jointly attempted to restore their statehoods, however the Russian victory resulted in stricter Russification measures: the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a> was introduced in all government institutions, <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_University" title="Vilnius University">Vilnius University</a> was closed in 1832, and theories that Lithuania had been a "Western Russian" state since its establishment were propagated.<a href="#cite_note-Vle1795-1914-65">[61]</a> Subsequently, the Lithuanians once again tried to restore statehood by participating in the <a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">January Uprising</a> (1863–1864), but yet another Russian victory resulted in even stronger Russification policies with the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_press_ban" title="Lithuanian press ban">Lithuanian press ban</a>, pressure on the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Lithuania" title="Catholic Church in Lithuania">Catholic Church in Lithuania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Muravyov-Vilensky" title="Mikhail Muravyov-Vilensky">Mikhail Muravyov-Vilensky</a>'s repressions.<a href="#cite_note-Vle1795-1914-65">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-JIB-66">[62]</a> <a href="/wiki/Simonas_Daukantas" title="Simonas Daukantas">Simonas Daukantas</a> promoted a return to Lithuania's pre-Commonwealth traditions, which he depicted as a Golden Age of Lithuania and a renewal of the native culture, based on the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian language</a> and customs. With those ideas in mind, he wrote already in 1822 a history of Lithuania in Lithuanian – Darbai senųjų lietuvių ir žemaičių (The Deeds of Ancient Lithuanians and Samogitians), though it was not published at that time.<a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a> A colleague of S. Daukantas, <a href="/wiki/Teodor_Narbutt" title="Teodor Narbutt">Teodor Narbutt</a>, wrote in Polish a voluminous Ancient History of the Lithuanian Nation (1835–1841), where he likewise expounded and expanded further on the concept of historic Lithuania, whose days of glory had ended with the Union of Lublin in 1569. Narbutt, invoking German scholarship, pointed out the relationship between the Lithuanian and Sanskrit languages.<a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a> The Lithuanians resisted Russification through an extensive network of <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_book_smugglers" title="Lithuanian book smugglers">Lithuanian book smugglers</a>, secret Lithuanian publishing and homeschooling.<a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a> Moreover, the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Revival" title="Lithuanian National Revival">Lithuanian National Revival</a>, inspired by Lithuanian history, language and culture, laid the foundations for the reestablishment of an independent Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Seimas_of_Vilnius" title="Great Seimas of Vilnius">Great Seimas of Vilnius</a> was held in 1905 and its participants adopted resolutions which demanded a wide <a href="/wiki/Autonomy#Politics" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a> for Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-Vle1795-1914-65">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restored_statehood_and_occupations">Restored statehood and occupations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Restored statehood and occupations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Independence_of_Lithuania" title="Act of Independence of Lithuania">Act of Independence of Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of the Baltic states</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Lithuania during World War II">German occupation of Lithuania during World War II</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic">Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_partisans" title="Lithuanian partisans">Lithuanian partisans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Signatarai.Signatories_of_Lithuania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Signatarai.Signatories_of_Lithuania.jpg/200px-Signatarai.Signatories_of_Lithuania.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Signatarai.Signatories_of_Lithuania.jpg/300px-Signatarai.Signatories_of_Lithuania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Signatarai.Signatories_of_Lithuania.jpg/400px-Signatarai.Signatories_of_Lithuania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption>Members of the Council of Lithuania after signing the Act of Independence of Lithuania in 1918</figcaption></figure> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> annexed Lithuanian territories from the Russian Empire and they became a part of <a href="/wiki/Ober_Ost" title="Ober Ost">Ober Ost</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Vle1918-1920-71">[67]</a> In 1907, the Lithuanians organized the <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_Conference" title="Vilnius Conference">Vilnius Conference</a> which adopted a resolution, featuring the aspiration for the restoration of Lithuania's sovereignty and military alliance with Germany and elected the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Lithuania" title="Council of Lithuania">Council of Lithuania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Vle1918-1920-71">[67]</a> In 1918, the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)">Kingdom of Lithuania</a> was proclaimed; however on 16 February 1918 the Council of Lithuania adopted the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Independence_of_Lithuania" title="Act of Independence of Lithuania">Act of Independence of Lithuania</a> which restored Lithuania as <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> with its capital in <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> and separated that state from all state relations that existed with other nations.<a href="#cite_note-Vle1918-1920-71">[67]</a> In 1918–1920 the Lithuanians defended the statehood of Lithuania during the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Wars_of_Independence" title="Lithuanian Wars of Independence">Lithuanian Wars of Independence</a> with <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Lithuanian–Soviet War">Bolsheviks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Bermontian_War" title="Lithuanian–Bermontian War">Bermontians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Poles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Vle1918-1920-71">[67]</a> The aims of the newly restored Lithuania clashed with <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Józef Piłsudski</a>'s plans to create a <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Intermarium" title="Intermarium">Intermarium</a>) in territories previously ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_dynasty" title="Jagiellonian dynasty">Jagiellonians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a> The Lithuanian authorities prevented the <a href="/wiki/1919_Polish_coup_attempt_in_Lithuania" title="1919 Polish coup attempt in Lithuania">1919 Polish coup attempt in Lithuania</a> and in 1920 during the <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBeligowski%27s_Mutiny" title="Żeligowski's Mutiny">Żeligowski's Mutiny</a> the Polish forces captured <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_Region" title="Vilnius Region">Vilnius Region</a> and established a <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Central_Lithuania" title="Republic of Central Lithuania">Republic of Central Lithuania</a>, which in 1922 was incorporated into Poland.<a href="#cite_note-Vle1918-1920-71">[67]</a> Consequently, <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a> became the <a href="/wiki/Temporary_capital_of_Lithuania" title="Temporary capital of Lithuania">temporary capital of Lithuania</a> where the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Lithuania" title="Constituent Assembly of Lithuania">Constituent Assembly of Lithuania</a> was held and other primary Lithuanian institutions operated until 1940.<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> In 1923, the <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Revolt" title="Klaipėda Revolt">Klaipėda Revolt</a> was organized which unified the <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Region" title="Klaipėda Region">Klaipėda Region</a> with Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-Vle1920-1940-74">[70]</a> The <a href="/wiki/1926_Lithuanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1926 Lithuanian coup d'état">1926 Lithuanian coup d'état</a> replaced the democratically elected government and <a href="/wiki/Kazys_Grinius#President_(1926)" title="Kazys Grinius">president</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarian</a> regime led by <a href="/wiki/Antanas_Smetona" title="Antanas Smetona">Antanas Smetona</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Vle1920-1940-74">[70]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Celebrations_of_Vilnius_return_to_Lithuania_near_Vilnius_Cathedral_in_1939.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Celebrations_of_Vilnius_return_to_Lithuania_near_Vilnius_Cathedral_in_1939.jpg/200px-Celebrations_of_Vilnius_return_to_Lithuania_near_Vilnius_Cathedral_in_1939.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Celebrations_of_Vilnius_return_to_Lithuania_near_Vilnius_Cathedral_in_1939.jpg/300px-Celebrations_of_Vilnius_return_to_Lithuania_near_Vilnius_Cathedral_in_1939.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Celebrations_of_Vilnius_return_to_Lithuania_near_Vilnius_Cathedral_in_1939.jpg/400px-Celebrations_of_Vilnius_return_to_Lithuania_near_Vilnius_Cathedral_in_1939.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1867" data-file-height="1308" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Armed_Forces" title="Lithuanian Armed Forces">Lithuanian Armed Forces</a> returning to Vilnius in 1939</figcaption></figure> In the late 1930s Lithuania has accepted the <a href="/wiki/1938_Polish_ultimatum_to_Lithuania" title="1938 Polish ultimatum to Lithuania">1938 Polish ultimatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/1939_German_ultimatum_to_Lithuania" title="1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania">1939 German ultimatum</a> and transferred the Klaipėda Region to <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and following the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> concluded the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Mutual_Assistance_Treaty" title="Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty">Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VleListorija-75">[71]</a> In 1940 Lithuania has accepted the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_ultimatum_to_Lithuania" title="Soviet ultimatum to Lithuania">Soviet ultimatum</a> and recovered the control of historical capital Vilnius, however the acceptance resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1940)" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)">Soviet occupation of Lithuania</a> and its transformation into the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic">Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VleListorija-75">[71]</a> In 1941 during the <a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">June Uprising in Lithuania</a> it was attempted to restore independent Lithuania and the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> was expelled from its territory, however in a few days Lithuania was <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Lithuania during World War II">occupied by Nazi Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VleListorija-75">[71]</a> In 1944 Lithuania was <a href="/wiki/Soviet_re-occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1944)" title="Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)">re-occupied by the Soviet Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_repression_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Political repression in the Soviet Union">Soviet political repressions</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Soviet_deportations_from_Lithuania" title="Soviet deportations from Lithuania">Soviet deportations from Lithuania</a> resumed.<a href="#cite_note-VleListorija-75">[71]</a> Thousands of <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_partisans" title="Lithuanian partisans">Lithuanian partisans</a> and their supporters attempted to militarily restore independent Lithuania, but their resistance was eventually suppressed in 1953 by the <a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Soviet_secret_police_agencies" title="Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies">Soviet authorities</a> and their <a href="/wiki/Extermination_battalion" title="Extermination battalion">collaborators</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VleListorija-75">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jonas_%C5%BDemaitis" title="Jonas Žemaitis">Jonas Žemaitis</a>, the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Lithuanian_Freedom_Fighters" title="Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters">Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters</a>, was captured and <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Capital punishment in the Soviet Union">executed</a> in 1954, his successor as chairman <a href="/wiki/Adolfas_Ramanauskas" title="Adolfas Ramanauskas">Adolfas Ramanauskas</a> was brutally tortured and executed in 1957.<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> Since the late 1980s <a href="/wiki/S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis" title="Sąjūdis">Sąjūdis</a> movement sought for the restoration of independent Lithuania and in 1989 the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Way" title="Baltic Way">Baltic Way</a> was held.<a href="#cite_note-VleListorija-75">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990–present">1990–present</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1990–present">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Way" title="Baltic Way">Baltic Way</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:367px;max-width:367px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:235px;max-width:235px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:179px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Seimas_Palace_during_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Seimas_Palace_during_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania_%282%29.jpg/233px-Seimas_Palace_during_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="233" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Seimas_Palace_during_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania_%282%29.jpg/350px-Seimas_Palace_during_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Seimas_Palace_during_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania_%282%29.jpg/466px-Seimas_Palace_during_January_13_events_in_Vilnius_Lithuania_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:179px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Act_of_Restoration_of_Independence_of_Lithuania_1990-03-11.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Act_of_Restoration_of_Independence_of_Lithuania_1990-03-11.png/126px-Act_of_Restoration_of_Independence_of_Lithuania_1990-03-11.png" decoding="async" width="126" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Act_of_Restoration_of_Independence_of_Lithuania_1990-03-11.png/189px-Act_of_Restoration_of_Independence_of_Lithuania_1990-03-11.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Act_of_Restoration_of_Independence_of_Lithuania_1990-03-11.png/252px-Act_of_Restoration_of_Independence_of_Lithuania_1990-03-11.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1136" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left/right/center">On 11 March 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_%E2%80%93_Reconstituent_Seimas" title="Supreme Council – Reconstituent Seimas">Supreme Council</a> announced the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">restoration of Lithuania's independence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bell2002-78">[74]</a> After refusal to revoke the Act, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Army" title="Soviet Army">Soviet forces</a> stormed the <a href="/wiki/Seimas_Palace" title="Seimas Palace">Seimas Palace</a> while Lithuanians defended the democratically elected Council. The Act, the first such declaration in the USSR, later was a model and inspiration to other <a href="/wiki/Soviet_republics" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet republics">Soviet republics</a>, and strongly influenced the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a>.</div></div></div></div> On 11 March 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_%E2%80%93_Reconstituent_Seimas" title="Supreme Council – Reconstituent Seimas">Supreme Council</a> announced the restoration of Lithuania's independence. Lithuania became the first Soviet-occupied state to announce the restitution of independence.<a href="#cite_note-:0-79">[75]</a> On 20 April 1990, the Soviets <a href="/wiki/Soviet_economic_blockade_of_Lithuania" title="Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania">imposed an economic blockade</a> by ceasing to deliver supplies of raw materials to Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a> Not only domestic industry, but also the population started feeling the lack of fuel, essential goods, and even hot water. Although the blockade lasted for 74 days, Lithuania did not renounce the declaration of independence.<a href="#cite_note-LT1990-81">[77]</a> Gradually, economic relations were restored. However, tensions peaked again in January 1991. Attempts were made to carry out a coup using the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Armed_Forces" title="Soviet Armed Forces">Soviet Armed Forces</a>, the Internal Army of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the USSR Committee for State Security (<a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a>). Because of the poor economic situation in Lithuania, the forces in Moscow thought the <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a> would receive strong public support.<a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a> People flooded to Vilnius to defend the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_%E2%80%93_Reconstituent_Seimas" title="Supreme Council – Reconstituent Seimas">Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania</a> and independence. The coup ended with a few casualties and material loss. The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Army" title="Soviet Army">Soviet Army</a> killed 14 people and injured hundreds. A large part of the Lithuanian population participated in the <a href="/wiki/January_Events" title="January Events">January Events</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-83">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-LT1990-81">[77]</a> On 31 July 1991, Soviet paramilitaries killed 7 Lithuanian border guards on the Belarusian border in what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Medininkai_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Medininkai Massacre">Medininkai Massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LT1990-81">[77]</a> On 17 September 1991, Lithuania was admitted to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LT1990-81">[77]</a> On 25 October 1992, citizens voted in a referendum to adopt the current <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Lithuania" title="Constitution of Lithuania">constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LT1990-81">[77]</a> On 14 February 1993, during the direct general elections, <a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Brazauskas" title="Algirdas Brazauskas">Algirdas Brazauskas</a> became the first president after the restoration of independence.<a href="#cite_note-LT1990-81">[77]</a> On 31 August 1993 the last units of the former Soviet Army left Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-85">[81]</a> On 31 May 2001, Lithuania joined the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> (WTO).<a href="#cite_note-86">[82]</a> Since March 2004, Lithuania has been part of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a> On 1 May 2004, it became a full member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>,<a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a> and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen Agreement</a> in December 2007.<a href="#cite_note-89">[85]</a> On 1 January 2015, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania_and_the_euro" title="Lithuania and the euro">Lithuania joined</a> the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">eurozone</a> and adopted the European Union's single currency.<a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a> On 4 July 2018, Lithuania officially joined the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dalia_Grybauskait%C4%97" title="Dalia Grybauskaitė">Dalia Grybauskaitė</a> was the first female <a href="/wiki/President_of_Lithuania" title="President of Lithuania">President of Lithuania</a> (2009–2019) and the first to be re-elected for a second consecutive term.<a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a> On 24 February 2022, Lithuania declared a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> in response to the 2022 <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a> Together with seven other NATO member states, it invoked NATO <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty#Article_4" title="North Atlantic Treaty">Article 4</a> to hold consultations on security.<a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a> On 11–12 July 2023, the <a href="/wiki/2023_Vilnius_summit" title="2023 Vilnius summit">2023 NATO summit</a> was held in Vilnius.<a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Lithuania" title="Geography of Lithuania">Geography of Lithuania</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LithuaniaPhysicalMap-en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/LithuaniaPhysicalMap-en.png/350px-LithuaniaPhysicalMap-en.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/LithuaniaPhysicalMap-en.png/525px-LithuaniaPhysicalMap-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/LithuaniaPhysicalMap-en.png/700px-LithuaniaPhysicalMap-en.png 2x" data-file-width="2361" data-file-height="1653" /></a><figcaption>Physical map and geomorphological subdivision of Lithuania</figcaption></figure> Lithuania is located in the Baltic region of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a><a href="#cite_note-location-28">[d]</a> and covers an area of 65,300 km2 (25,200 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-96">[92]</a> It lies between latitudes <a href="/wiki/53rd_parallel_north" title="53rd parallel north">53°</a> and <a href="/wiki/57th_parallel_north" title="57th parallel north">57° N</a>, and mostly between longitudes <a href="/wiki/21st_meridian_east" title="21st meridian east">21°</a> and <a href="/wiki/27th_meridian_east" title="27th meridian east">27° E</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Curonian_Spit" title="Curonian Spit">Curonian Spit</a> lies west of 21°). It has around 99 kilometres (61.5 mi) of sandy coastline, only about 38 kilometres (24 mi) of which face the open <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>, less than the other two Baltic states. The rest of the coast is sheltered by the Curonian sand peninsula. Lithuania's major <a href="/wiki/Warm-water_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Warm-water port">warm-water port</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a>, lies at the narrow mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Curonian_Lagoon" title="Curonian Lagoon">Curonian Lagoon</a> (Lithuanian: Kuršių marios), a shallow lagoon extending south to <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a>. The country's main and largest river, the <a href="/wiki/Nemunas_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemunas River">Nemunas River</a>, and some of its tributaries carry international shipping. Lithuania lies at the edge of the <a href="/wiki/North_European_Plain" title="North European Plain">North European Plain</a>. Its landscape was smoothed by the glaciers of the <a href="/wiki/Last_glacial_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Last glacial period">last ice age</a>, and is a combination of moderate lowlands and highlands. Its highest point is <a href="/wiki/Auk%C5%A1tojas_Hill" title="Aukštojas Hill">Aukštojas Hill</a> at 294 metres (965 ft) in the eastern part of the country. The terrain features <a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Lithuania" title="List of lakes of Lithuania">numerous lakes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lake_Vi%C5%A1tytis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Vištytis">Lake Vištytis</a>, for example) and wetlands, and a mixed forest zone covers over 33% of the country. <a href="/wiki/Dr%C5%ABk%C5%A1iai" title="Drūkšiai">Drūkšiai</a> is the largest, <a href="/wiki/Tauragnas" title="Tauragnas">Tauragnas</a> is the deepest and <a href="/wiki/Asveja" title="Asveja">Asveja</a> is the longest lake in Lithuania. After a re-estimation of the boundaries of the <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a> of Europe in 1989, Jean-George Affholder, a scientist at the <a href="/wiki/Institut_g%C3%A9ographique_national_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut géographique national (France)">Institut Géographique National</a> (French National Geographic Institute), determined that the <a href="/wiki/Geographic_centre_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic centre of Europe">geographic centre of Europe</a> was in Lithuania, at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lithuania&params=54_54_N_25_19_E_type:landmark&title=Purnu%C5%A1k%C4%97s+%28centre+of+gravity%29">54°54′N 25°19′E / 54.900°N 25.317°E / 54.900; 25.317 (Purnuškės (centre of gravity))</a>, 26 kilometres (16 mi) north of Lithuania's capital city of <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[93]</a> Affholder accomplished this by calculating the <a href="/wiki/Centre_of_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre of gravity">centre of gravity</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Europe" title="Geography of Europe">geometrical figure</a> of Europe. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Lithuania#Climate" title="Geography of Lithuania">Geography of Lithuania § Climate</a></div> Lithuania has a temperate climate with both <a href="/wiki/Maritime_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime climate">maritime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental</a> influences. It is defined as <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental</a> (Dfb) under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> (but is close to <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic</a> in a narrow coastal zone). Average temperatures on the coast are −2.5 °C (27.5 °F) in January and 16 °C (61 °F) in July. In Vilnius, the average temperatures are −6 °C (21 °F) in January and 17 °C (63 °F) in July. During the summer, 20 °C (68 °F) is common during the day, while 14 °C (57 °F) is common at night; in the past, temperatures have reached as high as 30 or 35 °C (86 or 95 °F). Some winters can be very cold. −20 °C (−4 °F) occurs almost every winter. Winter extremes are −34 °C (−29 °F) in coastal areas and −43 °C (−45 °F) in the east of Lithuania. The average annual precipitation is 800 mm (31.5 in) on the coast, 900 mm (35.4 in) in the Samogitia highlands, and 600 mm (23.6 in) in the eastern part of the country. Snow occurs every year, and it can snow from October to April. In some years, sleet can fall in September or May. The growing season lasts 202 days in the western part of the country and 169 days in the eastern part. Severe storms are rare in the eastern part of Lithuania but common in the coastal areas. The longest records of measured temperature in the Baltic area cover about 250 years. The data show warm periods during the latter half of the 18th century, and that the 19th century was a relatively cool period. An early 20th-century warming culminated in the 1930s, followed by a smaller cooling that lasted until the 1960s. A warming trend has persisted since then.<a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a> Lithuania experienced a drought in 2002, causing forest and <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">peat</a> bog fires.<a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity_and_conservation">Biodiversity and conservation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Biodiversity and conservation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Lithuania" title="Fauna of Lithuania">Fauna of Lithuania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Lithuania" title="Flora of Lithuania">Flora of Lithuania</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:%C5%BDadvaini%C5%B3_e%C5%BEeras.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%C5%BDadvaini%C5%B3_e%C5%BEeras.jpg/200px-%C5%BDadvaini%C5%B3_e%C5%BEeras.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%C5%BDadvaini%C5%B3_e%C5%BEeras.jpg/300px-%C5%BDadvaini%C5%B3_e%C5%BEeras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%C5%BDadvaini%C5%B3_e%C5%BEeras.jpg/400px-%C5%BDadvaini%C5%B3_e%C5%BEeras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Lithuanian flatlands with lakes, swamps and forests. Lithuania has thousands of lakes.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Nida_sand_dunes_(14573723178).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Nida_sand_dunes_%2814573723178%29.jpg/200px-Nida_sand_dunes_%2814573723178%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Nida_sand_dunes_%2814573723178%29.jpg/300px-Nida_sand_dunes_%2814573723178%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Nida_sand_dunes_%2814573723178%29.jpg/400px-Nida_sand_dunes_%2814573723178%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="2315" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Sand dunes of the <a href="/wiki/Curonian_Spit" title="Curonian Spit">Curonian Spit</a> near <a href="/wiki/Nida,_Lithuania" title="Nida, Lithuania">Nida</a>, which are the highest drifting sand dunes in Europe (<a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>)<a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a></div></div></div></div></div> After the restoration of Lithuania's independence in 1990, the Aplinkos apsaugos įstatymas (Environmental Protection Act) was adopted already in 1992. The law provided the foundations for regulating social relations in the field of environmental protection, established the basic rights and obligations of legal and natural persons in preserving the biodiversity inherent in Lithuania, ecological systems and the landscape.<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a> Lithuania agreed to cut <a href="/wiki/Carbon_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon emissions">carbon emissions</a> by at least 20% of 1990 levels by 2020 and by at least 40% by 2030, together with all European Union members. Also, by 2020 at least 20% (27% by 2030) of the country's total energy consumption should be from the <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> sources.<a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a> In 2016, Lithuania introduced especially effective <a href="/wiki/Container_deposit_legislation" class="mw-redirect" title="Container deposit legislation">container deposit legislation</a>, which resulted in collecting 92% of all packagings in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> Lithuania does not have high mountains and its landscape is dominated by blooming meadows, dense forests and fertile fields of cereals. However, it stands out by the abundance of <a href="/wiki/Hillfort" title="Hillfort">hillforts</a>, which previously had castles where the ancient Lithuanians burned altars for pagan gods.<a href="#cite_note-gamta-104">[100]</a> Lithuania is a particularly watered region with more than 3,000 lakes, mostly in the northeast. The country is also drained by numerous rivers, most notably the longest <a href="/wiki/Nemunas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemunas">Nemunas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gamta-104">[100]</a> Lithuania is home to two terrestrial ecoregions: <a href="/wiki/Central_European_mixed_forests" title="Central European mixed forests">Central European mixed forests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarmatic_mixed_forests" title="Sarmatic mixed forests">Sarmatic mixed forests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-105">[101]</a> Forest has long been one of the most important natural resources in Lithuania. Forests occupy one-third of the country's territory and timber-related industrial production accounts for almost 11% of industrial production in the country.<a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a> Lithuania has five <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national parks</a>,<a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a> 30 <a href="/wiki/Regional_park" title="Regional park">regional parks</a>,<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a> 402 <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">nature reserves</a>,<a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a> 668 state-protected natural heritage objects.<a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_Stork-Mindaugas_Urbonas-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/White_Stork-Mindaugas_Urbonas-1.jpg/220px-White_Stork-Mindaugas_Urbonas-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/White_Stork-Mindaugas_Urbonas-1.jpg/330px-White_Stork-Mindaugas_Urbonas-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/White_Stork-Mindaugas_Urbonas-1.jpg/440px-White_Stork-Mindaugas_Urbonas-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/White_stork" title="White stork">white stork</a> is the national bird of Lithuania, which has the highest-density stork population in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[108]</a></figcaption></figure> Lithuanian ecosystems include natural and semi-natural (forests, <a href="/wiki/Bog" title="Bog">bogs</a>, wetlands and meadows), and anthropogenic (agrarian and urban) ecosystems. Among natural ecosystems, forests are particularly important to Lithuania, covering 33% of the country's territory. <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">Wetlands</a> (raised bogs, <a href="/wiki/Fen" title="Fen">fens</a>, transitional mires, etc.) cover 7.9% of the country, with 70% of wetlands having been lost due to drainage and peat extraction between 1960 and 1980. Changes in wetland plant communities resulted in the replacement of moss and grass communities by trees and shrubs, and fens not directly affected by land reclamation have become drier as a result of a drop in the water table. There are 29,000 rivers with a total length of 64,000 km in Lithuania, the <a href="/wiki/Nemunas_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemunas River">Nemunas River</a> basin occupying 74% of the territory of the country. Due to the construction of dams, approximately 70% of spawning sites of potential <a href="/wiki/Fish_migration" title="Fish migration">catadromous</a> fish species have disappeared. In some cases, river and lake ecosystems continue to be impacted by anthropogenic <a href="/wiki/Eutrophication" title="Eutrophication">eutrophication</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cbd-113">[109]</a> Agricultural land comprises 54% of Lithuania's territory (roughly 70% of that is arable land and 30% meadows and pastures), approximately 400,000 ha of agricultural land is not farmed, and acts as an ecological niche for weeds and invasive plant species. Habitat deterioration is occurring in regions with very productive and expensive lands as crop areas are expanded. Currently, 18.9% of all plant species, including 1.87% of all known fungi species and 31% of all known species of lichens, are listed in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_and_endangered_species_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of extinct and endangered species of Lithuania">Lithuanian Red Data Book</a>. The list also contains 8% of all fish species.<a href="#cite_note-cbd-113">[109]</a> The wildlife populations have rebounded as the hunting became more restricted and urbanization allowed replanting forests (forests already tripled in size since their lows). Currently, Lithuania has approximately 250,000 larger wild animals or 5 per each square kilometre. The most prolific large wild animal in every part of Lithuania is the <a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">roe deer</a>, with 120,000 of them. They are followed by <a href="/wiki/Boar" class="mw-redirect" title="Boar">boars</a> (55,000). Other ungulates are the <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a> (~22,000), <a href="/wiki/Fallow-deer" class="mw-redirect" title="Fallow-deer">fallow-deer</a> (~21,000) and the largest one: <a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">moose</a> (~7,000). Among the Lithuanian predators, <a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">foxes</a> are the most common (~27,000). <a href="/wiki/Wolve" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolve">Wolves</a> are, however, more ingrained into the mythology as there are just 800 in Lithuania. Even rarer are the <a href="/wiki/Lynx" title="Lynx">lynxes</a> (~200). The large animals mentioned above exclude the <a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbit</a>, ~200,000 of which may live in the Lithuanian forests.<a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Government and politics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lithuania" title="Politics of Lithuania">Politics of Lithuania</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seimas_%E2%80%94_Parliament_of_Lithuania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Seimas_%E2%80%94_Parliament_of_Lithuania.jpg/240px-Seimas_%E2%80%94_Parliament_of_Lithuania.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Seimas_%E2%80%94_Parliament_of_Lithuania.jpg/360px-Seimas_%E2%80%94_Parliament_of_Lithuania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Seimas_%E2%80%94_Parliament_of_Lithuania.jpg/480px-Seimas_%E2%80%94_Parliament_of_Lithuania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">Seimas</a> — Parliament of Lithuania</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> Since Lithuania declared the restoration of its independence on 11 March 1990, it has maintained strong democratic traditions. It held its first independent general elections on 25 October 1992, in which 56.75% of voters supported the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Lithuania" title="Constitution of Lithuania">new constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-referenda-115">[111]</a> There were intense debates concerning the constitution, particularly the role of the president. A <a href="/wiki/1992_Lithuanian_presidency_referendum" title="1992 Lithuanian presidency referendum">separate referendum</a> was held on 23 May 1992 to gauge public opinion on the matter, and 41% of voters supported the restoration of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Lithuania" title="President of Lithuania">President of Lithuania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-referenda-115">[111]</a> Through compromise, a <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">semi-presidential system</a> was agreed on.<a href="#cite_note-Lina-4">[4]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:391px;max-width:391px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Gitanas_Nauseda_crop.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gitanas_Nauseda_crop.png/130px-Gitanas_Nauseda_crop.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gitanas_Nauseda_crop.png/195px-Gitanas_Nauseda_crop.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gitanas_Nauseda_crop.png/260px-Gitanas_Nauseda_crop.png 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="1337" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Gitanas Nausėda</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Lithuania" title="President of Lithuania">President</a> since 2019</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Gintautas_Paluckas_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis_(cropped)(correct_angle_version).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gintautas_Paluckas_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis_%28cropped%29%28correct_angle_version%29.jpg/132px-Gintautas_Paluckas_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis_%28cropped%29%28correct_angle_version%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gintautas_Paluckas_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis_%28cropped%29%28correct_angle_version%29.jpg/198px-Gintautas_Paluckas_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis_%28cropped%29%28correct_angle_version%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gintautas_Paluckas_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis_%28cropped%29%28correct_angle_version%29.jpg/264px-Gintautas_Paluckas_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis_%28cropped%29%28correct_angle_version%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="959" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Gintautas_Paluckas" title="Gintautas Paluckas">Gintautas Paluckas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lithuania" title="Prime Minister of Lithuania">Prime Minister</a> since 2024</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Saulius_Skvernelis_VRK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Saulius_Skvernelis_VRK.jpg/117px-Saulius_Skvernelis_VRK.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Saulius_Skvernelis_VRK.jpg/176px-Saulius_Skvernelis_VRK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Saulius_Skvernelis_VRK.jpg/234px-Saulius_Skvernelis_VRK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="804" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Saulius_Skvernelis" title="Saulius Skvernelis">Saulius Skvernelis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Seimas" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Seimas">Speaker of the Seimas</a> since 2024</div></div></div></div></div> The Lithuanian <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> is the president, directly elected for a five-year term and serving a maximum of two terms. The president oversees foreign affairs and national security, and is the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the military.<a href="#cite_note-lrpf-116">[112]</a> The president also appoints the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lithuania" title="Prime Minister of Lithuania">prime minister</a> and, on the latter's nomination, the rest of the cabinet, as well as a number of other top civil servants and the judges for all courts except the Constitutional Court.<a href="#cite_note-lrpf-116">[112]</a> The current Lithuanian head of state, <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Gitanas Nausėda</a> was <a href="/wiki/2019_Lithuanian_presidential_election" title="2019 Lithuanian presidential election">elected on 26 May 2019</a> by winning in all the <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Lithuania" title="Municipalities of Lithuania">municipalities of Lithuania</a> in the second election round.<a href="#cite_note-president2019-117">[113]</a> He was re-elected in 2024, winning more than 74% of the run-off votes.<a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a> The judges of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Lithuania" title="Constitutional Court of Lithuania">Constitutional Court</a> (Konstitucinis Teismas) serve nine-year terms. The court is renewed by a third every three years. The judges are appointed by the Seimas, on the nomination by the President, Chairman of the Seimas, and the Chairman of the Supreme Court. The <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> Lithuanian parliament, the <a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">Seimas</a>, has 141 members elected to four-year terms - 71 in single-member constituencies, and the others in a nationwide vote by <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>. A party must receive at least 5% of the national vote to be eligible for any of the 70 national seats in the Seimas.<a href="#cite_note-Seimas-119">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_parties_and_elections">Political parties and elections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Political parties and elections">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Lithuania" title="Elections in Lithuania">Elections in Lithuania</a></div> Lithuania was one of the first countries in the world to <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">grant women a right to vote</a> in the elections. Lithuanian women were allowed to vote by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Lithuania#Interwar_constitutions" title="Constitution of Lithuania">1918 Constitution of Lithuania</a> and used their newly granted right for the first time in 1919. By doing so, Lithuania allowed it earlier than such democratic countries as the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (1920), <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (1945), <a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Greece" title="Feminism in Greece">Greece</a> (1952), <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> (1971).<a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a> Lithuania exhibits a fragmented multi-party system,<a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a> with a number of small parties in which coalition governments are common. Ordinary elections to the <a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">Seimas</a> take place on the second Sunday of October every four years.<a href="#cite_note-Seimas-119">[115]</a> To be eligible for election, candidates must be at least 21 years old on the election day, not under allegiance to a foreign state and permanently reside in Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a> Persons serving or due to serve a sentence imposed by the court 65 days before the election are not eligible. Also, judges, citizens performing military service, and servicemen of professional military service and officials of statutory institutions and establishments may not stand for election.<a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Social Democratic Party of Lithuania">Social Democratic Party of Lithuania</a> won the <a href="/wiki/2024_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="2024 Lithuanian parliamentary election">2024 Lithuanian parliamentary elections</a> and gained 52 of 141 seats in the parliament.<a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a> In November 2024, <a href="/wiki/Gintautas_Paluckas" title="Gintautas Paluckas">Gintautas Paluckas</a> was confirmed as the prime minister after the Social Democrats reached a coalition agreement with <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_%22For_Lithuania%22" title="Union of Democrats "For Lithuania"">Union of Democrats "For Lithuania"</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dawn_of_Nemunas" title="Dawn of Nemunas">Dawn of Nemunas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Re-Establishment_of_Lithuania_commemoration_in_Seimas_(2015).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Re-Establishment_of_Lithuania_commemoration_in_Seimas_%282015%29.jpg/220px-Re-Establishment_of_Lithuania_commemoration_in_Seimas_%282015%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Re-Establishment_of_Lithuania_commemoration_in_Seimas_%282015%29.jpg/330px-Re-Establishment_of_Lithuania_commemoration_in_Seimas_%282015%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Re-Establishment_of_Lithuania_commemoration_in_Seimas_%282015%29.jpg/440px-Re-Establishment_of_Lithuania_commemoration_in_Seimas_%282015%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Commemoration of the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania</a> in the historical <a href="/wiki/Seimas_Palace" title="Seimas Palace">Seimas</a> hall where it was originally signed in 1990. The ceremony is attended by the Lithuanian President, Prime Minister, Chairman of the Seimas and other high-ranking officials.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/President_of_Lithuania" title="President of Lithuania">President of Lithuania</a> is the head of state of the country, elected to a five-year term in a majority vote. Elections take place on the last Sunday no more than two months before the end of current presidential term.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-126">[122]</a> To be eligible for election, candidates must be at least 40 years old on the election day and reside in Lithuania for at least three years, in addition to satisfying the eligibility criteria for a member of the parliament. Same President may serve for not more than two terms.<a href="#cite_note-127">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Gitanas Nausėda</a> was elected as an independent candidate in <a href="/wiki/2019_Lithuanian_presidential_election" title="2019 Lithuanian presidential election">2019</a> and re-elected in <a href="/wiki/2024_Lithuanian_presidential_election" title="2024 Lithuanian presidential election">2024</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[124]</a> Each municipality in Lithuania is governed by a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_council" title="Municipal council">municipal council</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a>, who is a member of the municipal council. The number of members, elected on a four-year term, in each municipal council depends on the size of the municipality and varies from 15 (in municipalities with fewer than 5,000 residents) to 51 (in municipalities with more than 500,000 residents). 1,498 municipal council members were elected in 2023. Members of the council, with the exception of the mayor, are elected using proportional representation. Starting with 2015, the mayor is elected directly by the majority of residents of the municipality.<a href="#cite_note-129">[125]</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Social Democratic Party of Lithuania">Social Democratic Party of Lithuania</a> won the most positions in the 2023 elections (358 municipal council seats and 17 mayors).<a href="#cite_note-130">[126]</a> As of 2024, the number of seats in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> allocated to Lithuania was 11.<a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a> Ordinary elections take place on a Sunday on the same day as in other EU countries. The vote is open to all citizens of Lithuania, as well as citizens of other EU countries that permanently reside in Lithuania, who are at least 18 years old on the election day. To be eligible for election, candidates must be at least 21 years old on the election day, a citizen of Lithuania or a citizen of another EU country permanently residing in Lithuania. Candidates are not allowed to stand for election in more than one country. Persons serving or due to serve a sentence imposed by the court 65 days before the election are not eligible. Also, judges, citizens performing military service, and servicemen of professional military service and officials of statutory institutions and establishments may not stand for election.<a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a> Eight political parties gained seats in the <a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2024 European Parliament election in Lithuania">2024 elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_and_law_enforcement">Law and law enforcement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Law and law enforcement">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Lithuania" title="Law of Lithuania">Law of Lithuania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statut_Vialikaha_Kniastva_Lito%C5%ADskaha._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_(1588)_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Statut_Vialikaha_Kniastva_Lito%C5%ADskaha._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281588%29_%282%29.jpg/170px-Statut_Vialikaha_Kniastva_Lito%C5%ADskaha._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281588%29_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Statut_Vialikaha_Kniastva_Lito%C5%ADskaha._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281588%29_%282%29.jpg/255px-Statut_Vialikaha_Kniastva_Lito%C5%ADskaha._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281588%29_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Statut_Vialikaha_Kniastva_Lito%C5%ADskaha._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281588%29_%282%29.jpg/340px-Statut_Vialikaha_Kniastva_Lito%C5%ADskaha._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281588%29_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="950" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Statutes_of_Lithuania" title="Statutes of Lithuania">Statutes of Lithuania</a> were the central piece of Lithuanian law in 1529–1795.</figcaption></figure> The first attempt to <a href="/wiki/Codification_(law)" title="Codification (law)">codify</a> the Lithuanian laws was in 1468 when the <a href="/wiki/Casimir%27s_Code" title="Casimir's Code">Casimir's Code</a> was compiled and adopted by Grand Duke <a href="/wiki/Casimir_IV_Jagiellon" title="Casimir IV Jagiellon">Casimir IV Jagiellon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LawVle-134">[130]</a> In the 16th century three editions of the <a href="/wiki/Statutes_of_Lithuania" title="Statutes of Lithuania">Statutes of Lithuania</a> were created with the First Statute being adopted in 1529, the Second Statute in 1566, and the Third Statute in 1588.<a href="#cite_note-LawVle-134">[130]</a> On 3 May 1791, the Europe's first and the world's second <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_3_May_1791" title="Constitution of 3 May 1791">Constitution</a> was adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Sejm" title="Great Sejm">Great Sejm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[131]</a> The Third Statute was partly in force in the territory of Lithuania even until 1840, despite the <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Partitions of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Third Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> in 1795.<a href="#cite_note-LawVle-134">[130]</a> In 1934–1935, Lithuania held the <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Neumann_and_Sass" title="Trial of Neumann and Sass">first mass trial of the Nazis in Europe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">convicted</a> were sentenced to imprisonment in a <a href="/wiki/Penal_labour" title="Penal labour">heavy labor prison</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">capital punishments</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a> After regaining of independence in 1990, the largely modified Soviet legal codes were in force for about a decade. The current <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Lithuania" title="Constitution of Lithuania">Constitution of Lithuania</a> was adopted on 25 October 1992.<a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a> In 2001, the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Code_of_Lithuania" title="Civil Code of Lithuania">Civil Code of Lithuania</a> was passed in <a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">Seimas</a>. It was succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal Code">Criminal Code</a> and <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Procedure" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal Procedure">Criminal Procedure</a> Code in 2003. The approach to the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">criminal law</a> is <a href="/wiki/Inquisitorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Inquisitorial">inquisitorial</a>, as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Adversarial_system" title="Adversarial system">adversarial</a>; it is generally characterised by an insistence on formality and rationalisation, as opposed to practicality and informality. Normative legal act enters into force on the next day after its publication in the Teisės aktų registras, unless it has a later entry into force date.<a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Union_law" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">European Union law</a> is an integral part of the Lithuanian legal system since 1 May 2004.<a href="#cite_note-139">[135]</a> Lithuania, after breaking away from the Soviet Union, had a difficult crime situation, however, the Lithuanian law enforcement agencies fought crime over the years, making Lithuania a reasonably safe country.<a href="#cite_note-140">[136]</a> Crime in Lithuania has been declining rapidly.<a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a> Law enforcement in Lithuania is primarily the responsibility of local Lietuvos policija (Lithuanian Police) commissariats. They are supplemented by the Lietuvos policijos antiteroristinių operacijų rinktinė Aras (Anti-Terrorist Operations Team of the Lithuanian Police Aras), Lietuvos kriminalinės policijos biuras (Lithuanian Criminal Police Bureau), Lietuvos policijos kriminalistinių tyrimų centras (Lithuanian Police Forensic Research Center) and Lietuvos kelių policijos tarnyba (Lithuanian Road Police Service).<a href="#cite_note-142">[138]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuanian_Police_A6_(2018).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lithuanian_Police_A6_%282018%29.jpg/220px-Lithuanian_Police_A6_%282018%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lithuanian_Police_A6_%282018%29.jpg/330px-Lithuanian_Police_A6_%282018%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lithuanian_Police_A6_%282018%29.jpg/440px-Lithuanian_Police_A6_%282018%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1367" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption>Lithuanian police cruiser in <a href="/wiki/Gediminas_Avenue" title="Gediminas Avenue">Gediminas Avenue</a>, Vilnius</figcaption></figure> In 2017, there were 63,846 crimes registered in Lithuania. Of these, thefts comprised a large part with 19,630 cases (13.2% less than in 2016). While 2,835 crimes were serious and very serious (crimes that may lead to more than six years imprisonment), which is 14.5% less than in 2016. In total, 129 homicides or attempted homicide occurred (19.9% less than in 2016), while serious bodily harm was registered 178 times (17.6% less than in 2016). Another problematic crime <a href="/wiki/Contraband" title="Contraband">contraband</a> cases also decreased by 27.2% from 2016 numbers. Meanwhile, crimes in electronic data and information technology security fields noticeably increased by 26.6%.<a href="#cite_note-143">[139]</a> In the 2013 Special Eurobarometer, 29% of Lithuanians said that corruption affects their daily lives (EU average 26%). Moreover, 95% of Lithuanians regarded corruption as widespread in their country (EU average 76%), and 88% agreed that bribery and the use of connections is often the easiest way of obtaining certain public services (EU average 73%).<a href="#cite_note-144">[140]</a> Though, according to local branch of Transparency International, corruption levels have been decreasing over the past decade.<a href="#cite_note-145">[141]</a> <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Lithuania" title="Capital punishment in Lithuania">Capital punishment in Lithuania</a> was suspended in 1996 and eliminated in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a> Lithuania has the highest number of prison inmates in the EU. According to scientist Gintautas Sakalauskas, this is not because of a high criminality rate in the country, but due to Lithuania's high repression level and the lack of trust of the convicted, who are frequently sentenced to imprisonment.<a href="#cite_note-147">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Lithuania" title="Administrative divisions of Lithuania">Administrative divisions of Lithuania</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Lithuania" title="Counties of Lithuania">Counties of Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Lithuania" title="Municipalities of Lithuania">Municipalities of Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elderships_of_Lithuania" title="Elderships of Lithuania">Elderships of Lithuania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_regions_of_Lithuania" title="Cultural regions of Lithuania">Cultural regions of Lithuania</a></div> <div role="img" class="floatright noresize" style="width: 500px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Apskritis_of_Lithuania.png/500px-Apskritis_of_Lithuania.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Apskritis_of_Lithuania.png 1.5x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="556" /> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:231.5px; top:302px"><a href="/wiki/File:LTA_Alytaus_apskritis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/LTA_Alytaus_apskritis_COA.svg/15px-LTA_Alytaus_apskritis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/LTA_Alytaus_apskritis_COA.svg/23px-LTA_Alytaus_apskritis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/LTA_Alytaus_apskritis_COA.svg/30px-LTA_Alytaus_apskritis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="891" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alytus_County" title="Alytus County">Alytus County</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:227.5px; top:197px"><a href="/wiki/File:LTU_Kauno_apskritis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/LTU_Kauno_apskritis_COA.svg/15px-LTU_Kauno_apskritis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/LTU_Kauno_apskritis_COA.svg/23px-LTU_Kauno_apskritis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/LTU_Kauno_apskritis_COA.svg/30px-LTU_Kauno_apskritis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="891" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kaunas_County" title="Kaunas County">Kaunas County</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; font-stretch:condensed; left:55.5px; top:127px"><a href="/wiki/File:LTU_Klaip%C4%97dos_apskritis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/LTU_Klaip%C4%97dos_apskritis_COA.svg/15px-LTU_Klaip%C4%97dos_apskritis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/LTU_Klaip%C4%97dos_apskritis_COA.svg/23px-LTU_Klaip%C4%97dos_apskritis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/LTU_Klaip%C4%97dos_apskritis_COA.svg/30px-LTU_Klaip%C4%97dos_apskritis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="891" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_County" title="Klaipėda County">Klaipėda County</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; font-stretch:condensed; left:164px; top:245.5px"><a href="/wiki/File:LTA_Marijampol%C4%97s_apskritis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/LTA_Marijampol%C4%97s_apskritis_COA.svg/15px-LTA_Marijampol%C4%97s_apskritis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/LTA_Marijampol%C4%97s_apskritis_COA.svg/23px-LTA_Marijampol%C4%97s_apskritis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/LTA_Marijampol%C4%97s_apskritis_COA.svg/30px-LTA_Marijampol%C4%97s_apskritis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="891" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Marijampol%C4%97_County" title="Marijampolė County">Marijampolė County</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:279px; top:57px"><a href="/wiki/File:LTU_Panev%C4%97%C5%BEio_apskritis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/LTU_Panev%C4%97%C5%BEio_apskritis_COA.svg/15px-LTU_Panev%C4%97%C5%BEio_apskritis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/LTU_Panev%C4%97%C5%BEio_apskritis_COA.svg/23px-LTU_Panev%C4%97%C5%BEio_apskritis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/LTU_Panev%C4%97%C5%BEio_apskritis_COA.svg/30px-LTU_Panev%C4%97%C5%BEio_apskritis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="891" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Panev%C4%97%C5%BEys_County" title="Panevėžys County">Panevėžys County</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:169px; top:81.5px"><a href="/wiki/File:LTU_%C5%A0iauli%C5%B3_apskritis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/LTU_%C5%A0iauli%C5%B3_apskritis_COA.svg/15px-LTU_%C5%A0iauli%C5%B3_apskritis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/LTU_%C5%A0iauli%C5%B3_apskritis_COA.svg/23px-LTU_%C5%A0iauli%C5%B3_apskritis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/LTU_%C5%A0iauli%C5%B3_apskritis_COA.svg/30px-LTU_%C5%A0iauli%C5%B3_apskritis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="891" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauliai_County" title="Šiauliai County">Šiauliai County</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:104px; top:157px"><a href="/wiki/File:LTU_Taurag%C4%97s_apskritis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/LTU_Taurag%C4%97s_apskritis_COA.svg/15px-LTU_Taurag%C4%97s_apskritis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/LTU_Taurag%C4%97s_apskritis_COA.svg/23px-LTU_Taurag%C4%97s_apskritis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/LTU_Taurag%C4%97s_apskritis_COA.svg/30px-LTU_Taurag%C4%97s_apskritis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="891" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Taurag%C4%97_County" title="Tauragė County">Tauragė County</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; font-stretch:condensed; left:86.5px; top:57px"><a href="/wiki/File:LTU_Tel%C5%A1i%C5%B3_apskritis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/LTU_Tel%C5%A1i%C5%B3_apskritis_COA.svg/15px-LTU_Tel%C5%A1i%C5%B3_apskritis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/LTU_Tel%C5%A1i%C5%B3_apskritis_COA.svg/23px-LTU_Tel%C5%A1i%C5%B3_apskritis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/LTU_Tel%C5%A1i%C5%B3_apskritis_COA.svg/30px-LTU_Tel%C5%A1i%C5%B3_apskritis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="891" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tel%C5%A1iai_County" title="Telšiai County">Telšiai County</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:354px; top:119.5px"><a href="/wiki/File:LTU_Utenos_apskritis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LTU_Utenos_apskritis_COA.svg/15px-LTU_Utenos_apskritis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LTU_Utenos_apskritis_COA.svg/23px-LTU_Utenos_apskritis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LTU_Utenos_apskritis_COA.svg/30px-LTU_Utenos_apskritis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="891" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Utena_County" title="Utena County">Utena County</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:319px; top:222px"><a href="/wiki/File:LTU_Vilniaus_apskritis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/LTU_Vilniaus_apskritis_COA.svg/15px-LTU_Vilniaus_apskritis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/LTU_Vilniaus_apskritis_COA.svg/23px-LTU_Vilniaus_apskritis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/LTU_Vilniaus_apskritis_COA.svg/30px-LTU_Vilniaus_apskritis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="891" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_County" title="Vilnius County">Vilnius County</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:-11px; top:117px"><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:369px; top:22px"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:444px; top:242px"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:144px; top:342px"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:94px; top:242px"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></div> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuania_regions_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Lithuania_regions_map.png/350px-Lithuania_regions_map.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Lithuania_regions_map.png/525px-Lithuania_regions_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Lithuania_regions_map.png/700px-Lithuania_regions_map.png 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2386" /></a><figcaption>Map of Cultural regions of Lithuania: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Lithuania_Minor" title="Lithuania Minor">Lithuania Minor</a> (Mažoji Lietuva)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Samogitia" title="Samogitia">Samogitia</a> (Žemaitija)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Auk%C5%A1taitija" title="Aukštaitija">Highland</a> (Aukštaitija)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Dz%C5%ABkija" title="Dzūkija">Dainava</a> (Dzūkija)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Suvalkija" title="Suvalkija">Sudovia</a> (Suvalkija)</div></figcaption></figure> The current system of administrative division was established in 1994 and modified in 2000 to meet the requirements of the European Union. The country's <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Lithuania" title="Counties of Lithuania">10 counties</a> (Lithuanian: singular – apskritis, plural – apskritys) are subdivided into <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Lithuania" title="Municipalities of Lithuania">60 municipalities</a> (Lithuanian: singular – savivaldybė, plural – savivaldybės), and further divided into 500 <a href="/wiki/Elderships_of_Lithuania" title="Elderships of Lithuania">elderships</a> (Lithuanian: singular – seniūnija, plural – seniūnijos). There are also 5 distinct <a href="/wiki/Cultural_regions_of_Lithuania" title="Cultural regions of Lithuania">cultural regions</a> in Lithuania – <a href="/wiki/Dz%C5%ABkija" title="Dzūkija">Dzūkija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auk%C5%A1taitija" title="Aukštaitija">Aukštaitija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suvalkija" title="Suvalkija">Suvalkija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samogitia" title="Samogitia">Samogitia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lithuania_Minor" title="Lithuania Minor">Lithuania Minor</a>, which are recognized by the state. Municipalities have been the most important unit of administration in Lithuania since the system of <a href="/wiki/County_governor_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="County governor (Lithuania)">county governorship</a> (apskrities viršininkas) was dissolved in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-county-148">[144]</a> Some municipalities are historically called "district municipalities" (often shortened to "district"), while others are called "city municipalities" (sometimes shortened to "city"). Each has its own elected government. The election of municipality councils originally occurred every three years, but now takes place every four years. The council appoints <a href="/wiki/Elder_(administrative_title)" title="Elder (administrative title)">elders</a> to govern the elderships. Mayors have been directly elected since 2015; prior to that, they were appointed by the council.<a href="#cite_note-149">[145]</a> Elderships, numbering over 500, are the smallest administrative units and do not play a role in national politics. They provide necessary local public services—for example, registering births and deaths in rural areas. They are most active in the social sector, identifying needy individuals or families and organizing and distributing welfare and other forms of relief.<a href="#cite_note-elderates-150">[146]</a> Some citizens feel that elderships have no real power and receive too little attention, and that they could otherwise become a source of local initiative for addressing rural problems.<a href="#cite_note-151">[147]</a> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:170px;">County</th> <th style="width:70px;">Area (km2)</th> <th style="width:50px;">Population (2023)<a href="#cite_note-Population-152">[148]</a></th> <th style="width:50px;">GDP (billion EUR)<a href="#cite_note-Counties-153">[149]</a></th> <th style="width:50px;">GDP per capita (EUR)<a href="#cite_note-Counties-153">[149]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alytus_County" title="Alytus County">Alytus County</a> </td> <td>5,425 </td> <td>135,367 </td> <td>1.8 </td> <td>13,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaunas_County" title="Kaunas County">Kaunas County</a> </td> <td>8,089 </td> <td>580,333 </td> <td>13.7 </td> <td>23,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_County" title="Klaipėda County">Klaipėda County</a> </td> <td>5,209 </td> <td>336,104 </td> <td>7.0 </td> <td>21,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marijampol%C4%97_County" title="Marijampolė County">Marijampolė County</a> </td> <td>4,463 </td> <td>135,891 </td> <td>2.0 </td> <td>14,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Panev%C4%97%C5%BEys_County" title="Panevėžys County">Panevėžys County</a> </td> <td>7,881 </td> <td>211,652 </td> <td>3.6 </td> <td>17,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauliai_County" title="Šiauliai County">Šiauliai County</a> </td> <td>8,540 </td> <td>261,764 </td> <td>4.6 </td> <td>17,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taurag%C4%97_County" title="Tauragė County">Tauragė County</a> </td> <td>4,411 </td> <td>90,652 </td> <td>1.2 </td> <td>13,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tel%C5%A1iai_County" title="Telšiai County">Telšiai County</a> </td> <td>4,350 </td> <td>131,431 </td> <td>2.2 </td> <td>16,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Utena_County" title="Utena County">Utena County</a> </td> <td>7,201 </td> <td>125,462 </td> <td>1.7 </td> <td>13,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_County" title="Vilnius County">Vilnius County</a> </td> <td>9,731 </td> <td>851,346 </td> <td>29.4 </td> <td>35,300 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Lithuania </th> <th>65,300 </th> <th>2,860,002 </th> <th>67.4 </th> <th>23,800 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Foreign relations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Lithuania" title="Foreign relations of Lithuania">Foreign relations of Lithuania</a></div> Lithuania became a member of the United Nations on 18 September 1991, and is a signatory to a number of its organizations and other international agreements. It is also a member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Cooperation_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe">Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and its adjunct North Atlantic Coordinating Council. Lithuania gained membership in the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> on 31 May 2001, and joined the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> on 5 July 2018,<a href="#cite_note-Lithuania's_accession_to_the_OECD-154">[150]</a> while also seeking membership in other Western organizations. Lithuania has established diplomatic relations with 149 countries.<a href="#cite_note-155">[151]</a> In 2011, Lithuania hosted the <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a> Ministerial Council Meeting. During the second half of 2013, Lithuania assumed the role of the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">presidency of the European Union</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuania_presidency_EU_stamp_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lithuania_presidency_EU_stamp_2013.jpg/220px-Lithuania_presidency_EU_stamp_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lithuania_presidency_EU_stamp_2013.jpg/330px-Lithuania_presidency_EU_stamp_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lithuania_presidency_EU_stamp_2013.jpg/440px-Lithuania_presidency_EU_stamp_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="858" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption>Stamp dedicated to Lithuania's presidency of the European Union. Post of Lithuania, 2013.</figcaption></figure> Lithuania is also active in developing cooperation among northern European countries. It is a member of the interparliamentary <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Assembly" title="Baltic Assembly">Baltic Assembly</a>, the intergovernmental <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Council_of_Ministers" title="Baltic Council of Ministers">Baltic Council of Ministers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Baltic_Sea_States" title="Council of the Baltic Sea States">Council of the Baltic Sea States</a>. Lithuania also cooperates with Nordic and the two other Baltic countries through the <a href="/wiki/Nordic-Baltic_Eight" title="Nordic-Baltic Eight">Nordic-Baltic Eight</a> format. A similar format, NB6, unites Nordic and Baltic members of EU. NB6's focus is to discuss and agree on positions before presenting them to the Council of the European Union and at the meetings of EU foreign affairs ministers. The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Baltic_Sea_States" title="Council of the Baltic Sea States">Council of the Baltic Sea States</a> (CBSS) was established in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> in 1992 as an informal regional political forum. Its main aim is to promote integration and to close contacts between the region's countries. The members of CBSS are <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, Lithuania, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, and the European Commission. Its observer states are <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council of Ministers</a> and Lithuania engage in political cooperation to attain mutual goals and to determine new trends and possibilities for joint cooperation. The council's information office aims to disseminate <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic</a> concepts and to demonstrate and promote Nordic cooperation. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bachelet_en_Consejo_de_Seguridad_de_la_ONU_(2015).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bachelet_en_Consejo_de_Seguridad_de_la_ONU_%282015%29.jpg/220px-Bachelet_en_Consejo_de_Seguridad_de_la_ONU_%282015%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bachelet_en_Consejo_de_Seguridad_de_la_ONU_%282015%29.jpg/330px-Bachelet_en_Consejo_de_Seguridad_de_la_ONU_%282015%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bachelet_en_Consejo_de_Seguridad_de_la_ONU_%282015%29.jpg/440px-Bachelet_en_Consejo_de_Seguridad_de_la_ONU_%282015%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="1227" /></a><figcaption>Lithuania was a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>. Its representatives are on the right side.</figcaption></figure> Lithuania, together with the five Nordic countries and the two other Baltic countries, is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Investment_Bank" title="Nordic Investment Bank">Nordic Investment Bank (NIB)</a> and cooperates in its NORDPLUS programme, which is committed to education. The Baltic Development Forum (BDF) is an independent nonprofit organization that unites large companies, cities, business associations and institutions in the Baltic Sea region. In 2010 the BDF's 12th summit was held in Vilnius.<a href="#cite_note-156">[152]</a> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> was highly supportive of Lithuanian independence, despite Lithuania's <a href="/wiki/Lithuanization" title="Lithuanization">discriminatory treatment</a> of its <a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Lithuania" title="Poles in Lithuania">Polish minority</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[154]</a> The former <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a> leader and Polish President <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> criticised the government of Lithuania over discrimination against the Polish minority and rejected Lithuania's <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Vytautas_the_Great" title="Order of Vytautas the Great">Order of Vytautas the Great</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a> Lithuania maintains greatly warm mutual relations with <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> and strongly supports its European Union and NATO aspirations.<a href="#cite_note-160">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a> in 2008, when the Russian troops were occupying the territory of Georgia and approaching towards the Georgian capital <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Valdas_Adamkus" title="Valdas Adamkus">Valdas Adamkus</a>, together with the Polish and Ukrainian presidents, went to Tbilisi by answering to the Georgians request of the international assistance.<a href="#cite_note-163">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a> Shortly, Lithuanians and the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Lithuania" title="Catholic Church in Lithuania">Lithuanian Catholic Church</a> also began collecting financial support for the war victims.<a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[162]</a> In 2004–2009, <a href="/wiki/Dalia_Grybauskait%C4%97" title="Dalia Grybauskaitė">Dalia Grybauskaitė</a> served as <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Financial_Programming_and_the_Budget" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget">European Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Barroso" title="José Manuel Barroso">José Manuel Barroso</a>-led Commission.<a href="#cite_note-167">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[164]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guests_of_the_2023_Vilnius_NATO_Summit_in_the_Courtyard_of_the_Presidential_Palace_in_Vilnius,_Lithuania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Guests_of_the_2023_Vilnius_NATO_Summit_in_the_Courtyard_of_the_Presidential_Palace_in_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania.jpg/220px-Guests_of_the_2023_Vilnius_NATO_Summit_in_the_Courtyard_of_the_Presidential_Palace_in_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Guests_of_the_2023_Vilnius_NATO_Summit_in_the_Courtyard_of_the_Presidential_Palace_in_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania.jpg/330px-Guests_of_the_2023_Vilnius_NATO_Summit_in_the_Courtyard_of_the_Presidential_Palace_in_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Guests_of_the_2023_Vilnius_NATO_Summit_in_the_Courtyard_of_the_Presidential_Palace_in_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania.jpg/440px-Guests_of_the_2023_Vilnius_NATO_Summit_in_the_Courtyard_of_the_Presidential_Palace_in_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Guests of the 2023 Vilnius (NATO) summit in the Courtyard of the Presidential Palace in Vilnius</figcaption></figure> In 2013, Lithuania was elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> for a two-year term,<a href="#cite_note-169">[165]</a> becoming the first <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic</a> country elected to this post. During its membership, Lithuania actively supported <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> and often condemned <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">war in Ukraine</a>, immediately earning vast Ukrainians esteem.<a href="#cite_note-170">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[167]</a> As the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">war in Donbas</a> progressed, President Dalia Grybauskaitė has compared the Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> to <a href="/wiki/Josef_Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Josef Stalin">Josef Stalin</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, she has also called Russia a "terrorist state".<a href="#cite_note-172">[168]</a> In 2018 Lithuania, along with Latvia and Estonia were awarded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_of_Westphalia_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peace of Westphalia Prize (page does not exist)">Peace of Westphalia Prize</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationaler_Preis_des_Westf%C3%A4lischen_Friedens" class="extiw" title="de:Internationaler Preis des Westfälischen Friedens">de</a>] – for their exceptional model of democratic development and contribution to peace in the continent.<a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a> In 2019 Lithuania condemned the <a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[170]</a> In December 2021, Lithuania reported that in an escalation of the diplomatic spat with <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> over its <a href="/wiki/Lithuania%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Lithuania–Taiwan relations">relations with Taiwan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-175">[171]</a> China had stopped all imports from Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-176">[172]</a> According to Lithuanian intelligence agencies, in 2023 there was an increase in Chinese intelligence activity against Lithuania, including cyberespionage and increased focus on Lithuania's internal affairs and foreign policy.<a href="#cite_note-177">[173]</a> The 2023 <a href="/wiki/NATO_summit" title="NATO summit">NATO summit</a> was held in the Lithuanian capital <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Military">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Armed_Forces" title="Lithuanian Armed Forces">Lithuanian Armed Forces</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Closing_ceremony_for_Iron_Sword_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Closing_ceremony_for_Iron_Sword_2014.jpg/220px-Closing_ceremony_for_Iron_Sword_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Closing_ceremony_for_Iron_Sword_2014.jpg/330px-Closing_ceremony_for_Iron_Sword_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Closing_ceremony_for_Iron_Sword_2014.jpg/440px-Closing_ceremony_for_Iron_Sword_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4039" data-file-height="1983" /></a><figcaption>Lithuanian Army soldiers with their <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> allies during Iron Sword 2014</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuanian_army_in_Vilnius_(8123251773).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Lithuanian_army_in_Vilnius_%288123251773%29.jpg/220px-Lithuanian_army_in_Vilnius_%288123251773%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Lithuanian_army_in_Vilnius_%288123251773%29.jpg/330px-Lithuanian_army_in_Vilnius_%288123251773%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Lithuanian_army_in_Vilnius_%288123251773%29.jpg/440px-Lithuanian_army_in_Vilnius_%288123251773%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2241" /></a><figcaption>Lithuanian Army soldiers marching with their <a href="/wiki/Dress_uniform" class="mw-redirect" title="Dress uniform">dress uniforms</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officer</a> stands out with a <a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">sword</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Lithuanian Armed Forces is the name for the unified armed forces of <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Land_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Land Force">Lithuanian Land Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Air_Force" title="Lithuanian Air Force">Lithuanian Air Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Naval_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Naval Force">Lithuanian Naval Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Special_Operations_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Special Operations Force">Lithuanian Special Operations Force</a> and other units: Logistics Command, Training and Doctrine Command, Headquarters Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Military_Police" title="Lithuanian Military Police">Military Police</a>. Directly subordinated to the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Defence">Chief of Defence</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Operations Forces">Special Operations Forces</a> and Military Police. The Reserve Forces are under command of the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Defence_Volunteer_Forces" title="Lithuanian National Defence Volunteer Forces">Lithuanian National Defence Volunteer Forces</a>. The Lithuanian Armed Forces consist of some 20,000 active personnel, which may be supported by <a href="/wiki/Reserve_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve forces">reserve forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-179">[175]</a> Compulsory <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a> ended in 2008 but was reintroduced in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-180">[176]</a> The Lithuanian Armed Forces currently have 30 soldiers and officers participating in nine international operations and European Union training missions deployed in <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, and in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, providing training for Ukrainian soldiers on <a href="/wiki/Operation_Interflex" title="Operation Interflex">Operation Interflex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[178]</a> Lithuania became a full member of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> in March 2004. <a href="/wiki/Fighter_jets" class="mw-redirect" title="Fighter jets">Fighter jets</a> of NATO members are deployed in <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauliai_Air_Base" title="Šiauliai Air Base">Šiauliai Air Base</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Air_Policing" title="Baltic Air Policing">provide safety for the Baltic airspace</a>. Beginning in summer of 2005, Lithuania was part of the <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> in Afghanistan (ISAF), leading a <a href="/wiki/Provincial_Reconstruction_Team" title="Provincial Reconstruction Team">Provincial Reconstruction Team</a> (PRT) in the town of <a href="/wiki/Chaghcharan" title="Chaghcharan">Chaghcharan</a> in the province of <a href="/wiki/Ghor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghor">Ghor</a>. The PRT included personnel from <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, Iceland and the <a href="/wiki/US" class="mw-redirect" title="US">US</a>. There were also <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Special_Operations_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Special Operations Force">special operation forces</a> units in Afghanistan, placed in <a href="/wiki/Kandahar_Province" title="Kandahar Province">Kandahar Province</a>. Since joining international operations in 1994, Lithuania has lost two soldiers: Lt. Normundas Valteris fell in <a href="/wiki/Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia">Bosnia</a>, as his patrol vehicle drove over a mine. Sgt. Arūnas Jarmalavičius was fatally wounded during an attack on the camp of his Provincial Reconstruction Team in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[179]</a> The Lithuanian National Defence Policy aims to guarantee the preservation of the <a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">independence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> of the state, the <a href="/wiki/Integrity" title="Integrity">integrity</a> of its land, territorial waters and airspace, and its constitutional order. Its main strategic goals are to defend the country's interests, and to maintain and expand the capabilities of its armed forces so they may contribute to and participate in the missions of NATO and European Union member states.<a href="#cite_note-WB-184">[180]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defence_(Lithuania)" title="Ministry of National Defence (Lithuania)">defense ministry</a> is responsible for combat forces, <a href="/wiki/Search_and_rescue" title="Search and rescue">search and rescue</a>, and intelligence operations. The 5,000 <a href="/wiki/State_Border_Guard_Service_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Border Guard Service (Lithuania)">border guards</a> fall under the <a href="/wiki/Interior_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Interior Ministry">Interior Ministry</a>'s supervision and are responsible for border protection, passport and customs duties, and share responsibility with the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Naval_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Naval Force">navy</a> for <a href="/wiki/Smuggling" title="Smuggling">smuggling</a> and drug trafficking interdiction. A special security department handles VIP protection and <a href="/wiki/Communications_security" title="Communications security">communications security</a>. In 2015 <a href="/wiki/National_Cyber_Security_Centre_of_Lithuania" title="National Cyber Security Centre of Lithuania">National Cyber Security Centre of Lithuania</a> was created. Paramilitary organisation <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Riflemen%27s_Union" title="Lithuanian Riflemen's Union">Lithuanian Riflemen's Union</a> acts as a civilian self-defence institution. According to NATO, in 2020, Lithuania allocated 2.13% of its <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> to the national defense.<a href="#cite_note-nato-lt-spending-185">[181]</a> For a long time, especially after the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">global financial crisis</a> in 2008, Lithuania lagged behind NATO allies in terms of defence spending. However, in recent years it has begun to rapidly increase the funding, exceeding the NATO guideline of 2% in 2019. Lithuania's president <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Gitanas Nausėda</a> called for more NATO troops on 22 April 2022, saying NATO should increase its deployment of troops in Lithuania and elsewhere on Europe's eastern flank following <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russia's invasion of Ukraine</a>, during a meeting in Vilnius.<a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Lithuania" title="Economy of Lithuania">Economy of Lithuania</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (January 2025)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GDP_per_capita_Baltics.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/GDP_per_capita_Baltics.svg/220px-GDP_per_capita_Baltics.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/GDP_per_capita_Baltics.svg/330px-GDP_per_capita_Baltics.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/GDP_per_capita_Baltics.svg/440px-GDP_per_capita_Baltics.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Real GDP per capita development of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuanian_counties_by_GDP_per_capita,_2022.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Lithuanian_counties_by_GDP_per_capita%2C_2022.png/220px-Lithuanian_counties_by_GDP_per_capita%2C_2022.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Lithuanian_counties_by_GDP_per_capita%2C_2022.png/330px-Lithuanian_counties_by_GDP_per_capita%2C_2022.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Lithuanian_counties_by_GDP_per_capita%2C_2022.png/440px-Lithuanian_counties_by_GDP_per_capita%2C_2022.png 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="741" /></a><figcaption>Lithuanian counties by GDP per capita, 2022<a href="#cite_note-Counties-153">[149]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuania%27s_GDP_per_capita_compared_to_rest_of_the_world_(2020).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lithuania%27s_GDP_per_capita_compared_to_rest_of_the_world_%282020%29.png/200px-Lithuania%27s_GDP_per_capita_compared_to_rest_of_the_world_%282020%29.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lithuania%27s_GDP_per_capita_compared_to_rest_of_the_world_%282020%29.png/300px-Lithuania%27s_GDP_per_capita_compared_to_rest_of_the_world_%282020%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lithuania%27s_GDP_per_capita_compared_to_rest_of_the_world_%282020%29.png/400px-Lithuania%27s_GDP_per_capita_compared_to_rest_of_the_world_%282020%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2390" data-file-height="1638" /></a><figcaption>Lithuania's GDP per capita compared to rest of the world (2022)<a href="#cite_note-187">[183]</a></figcaption></figure> Lithuania has an open and <a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">mixed economy</a> that is classified as a <a href="/wiki/High-income_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="High-income economy">high-income economy</a> by the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[184]</a> As of 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit">[update]</a> the three largest sectors were – services (67% of GDP), industry (29%) and agriculture (3%).<a href="#cite_note-189">[185]</a> Lithuania joined <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> in 2004,<a href="#cite_note-190">[186]</a> EU in 2004,<a href="#cite_note-191">[187]</a> <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen</a> in 2007<a href="#cite_note-192">[188]</a> and <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Lithuania's_accession_to_the_OECD-154">[150]</a> On 1 January 2015, the euro became the national currency, replacing <a href="/wiki/Litas" class="mw-redirect" title="Litas">litas</a> at the rate of EUR 1.00 = LTL 3.45280.<a href="#cite_note-iso4217news2014-193">[189]</a> Agricultural products and food comprise 18% of exports; other major sectors include chemical products and plastics (18%), machinery and appliances (16%), mineral products (15%), wood and furniture (13%).<a href="#cite_note-194">[190]</a> As of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit">[update]</a> more than half of exports go to 7 countries including Russia (14%), Latvia (10%), Poland (9%), Germany (8%), Estonia (5%), Sweden (%) and the UK (4%).<a href="#cite_note-195">[191]</a> Exports equaled 81% of GDP in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-196">[192]</a> GDP experienced very high real growth rates for the decade up to 2009, peaking at 11% in 2007. As a result, the country was often termed a <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Tiger" title="Baltic Tiger">Baltic Tiger</a>. However, in 2009 due to the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a>, GDP contracted 15%<a href="#cite_note-197">[193]</a> and unemployment rate reached 17.8% in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-198">[194]</a> Growth has since been much slower. According to the IMF, financial conditions are conducive to growth and financial soundness indicators remain strong. The public debt ratio in 2016 was 40% of GDP, it had been 15% in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a> On average, more than 95% of all <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investment</a> comes from EU countries. Sweden is historically the largest investor with 20% – 30% of FDI.<a href="#cite_note-200">[196]</a> FDI into Lithuania spiked in 2017, reaching its highest ever recorded number of greenfield investment projects. In 2017, Lithuania was third, after <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> by the average job value of investment projects.<a href="#cite_note-201">[197]</a> The US was the leading source country in 2017, 25% of total FDI. Next up were Germany and the UK, each representing 11% of total project numbers.<a href="#cite_note-202">[198]</a> Based on the Eurostat's data, in 2017, the value of exports recorded the most rapid growth not only in the Baltic countries, but across Europe, which was 17%.<a href="#cite_note-203">[199]</a> Between 2004 and 2016, one out of five Lithuanians emigrated, primarily due to insufficient income for residents;<a href="#cite_note-204">[200]</a> secondarily seeking to study. Long term emigration and economic growth has resulted in a shortage in the labor market<a href="#cite_note-205">[201]</a> and growth in salaries being larger than growth in labor efficiency.<a href="#cite_note-archive_org_11-206">[202]</a> Unemployment in 2017 was 8%.<a href="#cite_note-207">[203]</a> As of 2022, Lithuanian <a href="/wiki/Median" title="Median">median</a> wealth per adult was <a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">$</a>32,000 (<a href="/wiki/Mean" title="Mean">mean</a> was $70,000), while total national wealth was $147bn.<a href="#cite_note-CS2023-1-208">[204]</a> As of 2023 Q2, the average monthly gross salary in Lithuania was €2,000.<a href="#cite_note-https://osp.stat.gov.lt-209">[205]</a> Lithuania has a <a href="/wiki/Flat_tax" title="Flat tax">flat tax</a> rather than a <a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">progressive scheme</a>. The personal income tax (15%) and corporate tax (15%) rates are among the lowest in the EU.<a href="#cite_note-epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu-210">[206]</a> The country has the lowest implicit rate of tax on capital (9.8%) in the EU. The corporate tax rate is 15% and 5% for small businesses; 7 <a href="/wiki/Free_economic_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Free economic zone">free economic zones</a> operate.<a href="#cite_note-211">[207]</a> <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">Information technology</a> production is growing, reaching €2 billion in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a> In 2017 only, 35<a href="#cite_note-213">[209]</a> <a href="/wiki/FinTech" class="mw-redirect" title="FinTech">FinTech</a> companies came to Lithuania – a result of the government and Bank of Lithuania simplifying procedures.<a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a> Lithuania has granted a total of 39 e-money licenses, second in the EU only to the UK with 128 licenses. In 2018 <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> set up a payment company in Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-215">[211]</a> Europe's first international Blockchain Centre launched in Vilnius in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-216">[212]</a> Since 2021, Lithuania has issued hundreds of licenses for cryptocurrency exchange and storage operations, making it one of the leading countries in the EU in this sector.<a href="#cite_note-217">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Agriculture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Lithuania" title="Agriculture in Lithuania">Agriculture in Lithuania</a></div> Agriculture in Lithuania dates to the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period, about 3,000 to 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Before_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Before Christ">BC</a>. It has been one of Lithuania's most important occupations for many centuries.<a href="#cite_note-218">[214]</a> Lithuania's accession to the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> in 2004 ushered in a new agricultural era. The EU pursues a very high standard of food safety and purity. In 1999, the <a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">Seimas</a> (parliament) of Lithuania adopted a Law on Product Safety, and in 2000 it adopted a Law on Food.<a href="#cite_note-219">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[216]</a> The reform of the agricultural market has been carried out on the basis of these two laws. In 2016, agricultural production was €2.3 billion. <a href="/wiki/Cereal_crops" class="mw-redirect" title="Cereal crops">Cereal crops</a> occupied the largest part (5710 tons), other significant types include: <a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">sugar beet</a> (934 tons), <a href="/wiki/Rapeseed" title="Rapeseed">rapeseed</a> (393 tons) and <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a> (340 tons). Products totaling €4,385 million were exported to foreign markets, of which products for €3,165 million were of Lithuanian origin. Export of agricultural and food products accounted for 19% of all exports of goods.<a href="#cite_note-221">[217]</a> <a href="/wiki/Organic_farming" title="Organic farming">Organic farming</a> is becoming more popular. The status of organic growers and producers is granted by the public body Ekoagros. In 2016, there were 2539 such farms that occupied 225,542 hectares. Of these, 43% were cereals, 31% perennial grasses, 14% leguminous crops and 12% others.<a href="#cite_note-222">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Science and technology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:208px;max-width:208px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:42px;max-width:42px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Siemenowicz_rocket.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Siemenowicz_rocket.png/40px-Siemenowicz_rocket.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Siemenowicz_rocket.png/60px-Siemenowicz_rocket.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Siemenowicz_rocket.png/80px-Siemenowicz_rocket.png 2x" data-file-width="99" data-file-height="582" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Skylab-73-HC-440HR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Skylab-73-HC-440HR.jpg/160px-Skylab-73-HC-440HR.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Skylab-73-HC-440HR.jpg/240px-Skylab-73-HC-440HR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Skylab-73-HC-440HR.jpg/320px-Skylab-73-HC-440HR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2205" data-file-height="3240" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left/right/center">Lithuanian nobleman and <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> expert <a href="/wiki/Kazimieras_Simonavi%C4%8Dius" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazimieras Simonavičius">Kazimieras Simonavičius</a> developed and popularized the concept of a <a href="/wiki/Multistage_rocket" title="Multistage rocket">multistage rocket</a>.</div></div></div></div> The foundation of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vilnius" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Vilnius">University of Vilnius</a> in 1579 was a major factor in fostering a scientific and academic community within Lithuania. The university has welcomed such prominent scientists and thinkers as <a href="/wiki/Georg_Forster" title="Georg Forster">Georg Forster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Emmanuel_Gilibert" title="Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert">Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Peter_Frank" title="Johann Peter Frank">Johann Peter Frank</a>. The 17th century artillery expert <a href="/wiki/Kazimieras_Simonavi%C4%8Dius" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazimieras Simonavičius">Kazimieras Simonavičius</a> is considered a pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">rocketry</a>; his publication, the Artis Magnae Artilleriae, was a basic <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> manual throughout Europe, containing a large chapter on caliber, construction, production and properties of rockets (for military and civil purposes), including <a href="/wiki/Multistage_rocket" title="Multistage rocket">multistage rockets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rocket_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket battery">batteries of rockets</a>, and rockets with <a href="/wiki/Delta_wing" title="Delta wing">delta wing</a> <a href="/wiki/Stabilizer_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stabilizer (aircraft)">stabilizers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-223">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a> Botanist <a href="/wiki/Jurgis_Pabr%C4%97%C5%BEa" title="Jurgis Pabrėža">Jurgis Pabrėža</a> (1771–1849) created the first systematic guide of Lithuanian flora, Taislius auguminis (Botany), written in the Samogitian dialect, the Latin-Lithuanian dictionary of plant names, and the first Lithuanian geography textbook. German scientist <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Grotthuss" title="Theodor Grotthuss">Theodor Grotthuss</a> (1785–1822), who proposed the <a href="/wiki/Grotthuss_mechanism" title="Grotthuss mechanism">Grotthuss mechanism</a>, lived and worked in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gedu%C4%8Diai_manor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gedučiai manor (page does not exist)">Gedučiai manor</a> [<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedu%C4%8Di%C5%B3_dvaras" class="extiw" title="lt:Gedučių dvaras">lt</a>], where he gained local prominence for his effort to educate and improve the well-being of peasants.<a href="#cite_note-225">[221]</a> The world wars of the 20th century severely diminished Lithuanian science and academia, although Lithuanian scholars and scientists managed to succeed, particularly abroad, including philosopher <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Seseman" title="Vasily Seseman">Vosylius Sezemanas</a>, jurist <a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Pius_R%C3%B6mer" title="Michał Pius Römer">Mykolas Römeris</a>, aviator <a href="/wiki/Antanas_Gustaitis" title="Antanas Gustaitis">Antanas Gustaitis</a>, management theorist <a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Andrius_Grai%C4%8Di%C5%ABnas" title="Vytautas Andrius Graičiūnas">Vytautas Andrius Graičiūnas</a>, archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Marija_Gimbutas" title="Marija Gimbutas">Marija Gimbutas</a>, primatologist <a href="/wiki/Birut%C4%97_Galdikas" title="Birutė Galdikas">Birutė Galdikas</a>, linguist <a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Julien_Greimas" title="Algirdas Julien Greimas">Algirdas Julien Greimas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medieval_studies" title="Medieval studies">medievalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Jurgis_Baltru%C5%A1aitis_(son)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurgis Baltrušaitis (son)">Jurgis Baltrušaitis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a> Mathematician <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Kubilius" title="Jonas Kubilius">Jonas Kubilius</a>, long-term rector of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vilnius" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Vilnius">University of Vilnius</a>, is known for works in <a href="/wiki/Probabilistic_number_theory" title="Probabilistic number theory">Probabilistic number theory</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Kubilius_model" title="Kubilius model">Kubilius model</a>, Theorem of Kubilius and the <a href="/wiki/Tur%C3%A1n%E2%80%93Kubilius_inequality" title="Turán–Kubilius inequality">Turán–Kubilius inequality</a>. Kubilius also successfully resisted attempts to Russify the university.<a href="#cite_note-231">[227]</a> <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">Lasers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a> are flagship fields of the Lithuanian science and high-tech industry.<a href="#cite_note-232">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[229]</a> Šviesos konversija ("Light Conversion") has developed a <a href="/wiki/Femtosecond" title="Femtosecond">femtosecond</a> laser system that has 80% market share worldwide, with applications in DNA research, ophthalmological surgeries, and nanotechnology.<a href="#cite_note-234">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_University" title="Vilnius University">Vilnius University</a> Laser Research Center has developed one of the most powerful femtosecond lasers in the world dedicated primarily to <a href="/wiki/Oncology" title="Oncology">oncological diseases</a>.<a href="#cite_note-236">[232]</a> In 1963, <a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Strai%C5%BEys" title="Vytautas Straižys">Vytautas Straižys</a> and his colleagues created <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_photometric_system" title="Vilnius photometric system">Vilnius photometric system</a> that is used in <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a> Noninvasive intracranial pressure and blood flow measuring devices were developed by <a href="/wiki/Kaunas_University_of_Technology" title="Kaunas University of Technology">KTU</a> scientist A. Ragauskas.<a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a> Kęstutis Pyragas contributed to the study of <a href="/wiki/Control_of_chaos" title="Control of chaos">chaos theory</a> with his method of delayed feedback control, the <a href="/wiki/Pyragas_method" title="Pyragas method">Pyragas method</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kavli_Prize" title="Kavli Prize">Kavli Prize</a> laureate <a href="/wiki/Virginijus_%C5%A0ik%C5%A1nys" title="Virginijus Šikšnys">Virginijus Šikšnys</a> is known for his discoveries in <a href="/wiki/CRISPR" title="CRISPR">CRISPR</a>, namely with respect to CRISPR-<a href="/wiki/Cas9" title="Cas9">Cas9</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[236]</a> Lithuania has launched three satellites to space: <a href="/wiki/LitSat-1" title="LitSat-1">LitSat-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lituanica_SAT-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Lituanica SAT-1">Lituanica SAT-1</a> and <a href="/wiki/LituanicaSAT-2" title="LituanicaSAT-2">LituanicaSAT-2</a>.<a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Museum_of_Ethnocosmology" title="Lithuanian Museum of Ethnocosmology">Lithuanian Museum of Ethnocosmology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mol%C4%97tai_Astronomical_Observatory" title="Molėtai Astronomical Observatory">Molėtai Astronomical Observatory</a> is located in <a href="/wiki/Kulionys" title="Kulionys">Kulionys</a>.<a href="#cite_note-242">[238]</a> Fifteen R&D institutions are members of <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Space_Association" title="Lithuanian Space Association">Lithuanian Space Association</a>; Lithuania is a cooperating state with <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-243">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rimantas_Stankevi%C4%8Dius" title="Rimantas Stankevičius">Rimantas Stankevičius</a> is the only ethnically Lithuanian <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronaut</a>.<a href="#cite_note-245">[241]</a> Lithuania in 2018 became an Associated Member State of <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>.<a href="#cite_note-246">[242]</a> Two CERN incubators in Vilnius and Kaunas will be hosted.<a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a> The most advanced scientific research is being conducted at the Life Sciences Center,<a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a> Center For Physical Sciences and Technology.<a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> As of 2016 calculations, yearly growth of Lithuania's biotech and life science sector was 22% over the past 5 years. 16 academic institutions, 15 R&D centres (science parks and innovation valleys) and more than 370 manufacturers operate in the Lithuanian life science and biotech industry.<a href="#cite_note-250">[246]</a> In 2008 the Valley development programme was started aiming to upgrade Lithuanian scientific research infrastructure and encourage business and science cooperation. Five R&D Valleys were launched – Jūrinis (maritime technologies), Nemunas (agro, bioenergy, forestry), Saulėtekis (laser and light, semiconductor), Santara (biotechnology, medicine), Santaka (sustainable chemistry and pharmacy).<a href="#cite_note-251">[247]</a> Lithuanian Innovation Center is created to provide support for innovations and research institutions.<a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a> Lithuania ranks moderately in the <a href="/wiki/International_Innovation_Index" title="International Innovation Index">International Innovation Index</a>,<a href="#cite_note-253">[249]</a> and is placed 15th among EU countries by the <a href="/wiki/European_Innovation_Scoreboard" class="mw-redirect" title="European Innovation Scoreboard">European Innovation Scoreboard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[250]</a> Lithuania was ranked 35th in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-255">[251]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Tourism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Lithuania" title="Tourism in Lithuania">Tourism in Lithuania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Druskininkai_fountain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Druskininkai_fountain.jpg/220px-Druskininkai_fountain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Druskininkai_fountain.jpg/330px-Druskininkai_fountain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Druskininkai_fountain.jpg/440px-Druskininkai_fountain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Druskininkai" title="Druskininkai">Druskininkai</a> is a popular <a href="/wiki/Spa_town" title="Spa town">spa town</a>.</figcaption></figure> Statistics from 2023 showed 1.4 million tourists from foreign countries visited Lithuania and spent at least one night. The largest number of tourists came from <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> (173,500), <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> (144,300), <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> (141,900), <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> (127,400), the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (74,200), the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (69,700), <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> (67,000), and <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> (61,300).<a href="#cite_note-tou-256">[252]</a> Domestic tourism has been on the rise as well. Currently there are up to 1000 places of attraction in Lithuania. Most tourists visit the big cities—<a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>, seaside resorts, such as <a href="/wiki/Neringa_Municipality" title="Neringa Municipality">Neringa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palanga" title="Palanga">Palanga</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spa_town" title="Spa town">Spa towns</a> – <a href="/wiki/Druskininkai" title="Druskininkai">Druskininkai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bir%C5%A1tonas" title="Birštonas">Birštonas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[253]</a> Hot air ballooning is popular, especially in Vilnius and Trakai. Bicycle tourism is growing, especially the Lithuanian Seaside Cycle Route. <a href="/wiki/EuroVelo" title="EuroVelo">EuroVelo</a> routes EV10, EV11, EV13 go through Lithuania. The total length of bicycle tracks amounts to 3769 km (of which 1988 km is asphalt pavement).<a href="#cite_note-258">[254]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nemunas_Delta_Regional_Park" title="Nemunas Delta Regional Park">Nemunas Delta Regional Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDuvintas" title="Žuvintas">Žuvintas biosphere reserve</a> are known for birdwatching.<a href="#cite_note-259">[255]</a> The total contribution of tourism to GDP had been forecast to rise to €3.2 billion, 7% of GDP by 2027,<a href="#cite_note-260">[256]</a> but has decreased to €1.7 billion, 2.3% of GDP in 2023, although it is rising post <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MCTo-261">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communication">Communication</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Communication">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Lithuania" title="Telecommunications in Lithuania">Telecommunications in Lithuania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bures_business_centre_in_Vilnius_(2016).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Bures_business_centre_in_Vilnius_%282016%29.jpg/170px-Bures_business_centre_in_Vilnius_%282016%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Bures_business_centre_in_Vilnius_%282016%29.jpg/255px-Bures_business_centre_in_Vilnius_%282016%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Bures_business_centre_in_Vilnius_%282016%29.jpg/340px-Bures_business_centre_in_Vilnius_%282016%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1998" data-file-height="2909" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Telia_Company" title="Telia Company">Telia</a> (skyscraper with the old <a href="/wiki/Teo_LT" title="Teo LT">Teo LT</a> logo) and <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a> headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></figcaption></figure> Lithuania has a well developed communications infrastructure. The country has 2.8 million citizens<a href="#cite_note-262">[258]</a> and 5 million SIM cards.<a href="#cite_note-263">[259]</a> The largest LTE (4G) mobile network covers 97% of Lithuania's territory.<a href="#cite_note-264">[260]</a> Usage of fixed phone lines has been rapidly decreasing due to rapid expansion of mobile-cellular services.<a href="#cite_note-265">[261]</a> In 2017, Lithuania was top 30 in the world by average mobile broadband speeds and top 20 by average fixed broadband speeds.<a href="#cite_note-266">[262]</a> Lithuania was also top 7 in 2017 in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_4G_LTE_penetration" title="List of countries by 4G LTE penetration">List of countries by 4G LTE penetration</a>. In 2016, Lithuania was ranked 17th in United Nations' e-participation index.<a href="#cite_note-267">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[264]</a> There are four TIER III datacenters in Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-269">[265]</a> Lithuania is 44th globally ranked country on data center density according to Cloudscene.<a href="#cite_note-270">[266]</a> Long-term project (2005–2013) – Development of Rural Areas Broadband Network (RAIN) was started with the objective to provide residents, state and municipal authorities and businesses with fibre-optic broadband access in rural areas. RAIN infrastructure allows 51 communications operators to provide network services to their clients. The project was funded by the European Union and the Lithuanian government.<a href="#cite_note-271">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[268]</a> 72% of Lithuanian households have access to internet, a number which in 2017 was among EU's lowest<a href="#cite_note-273">[269]</a> and in 2016 ranked 97th by <a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a>.<a href="#cite_note-274">[270]</a> Number of households with internet access is expected to increase and reach 77% by 2021.<a href="#cite_note-275">[271]</a> Almost 50% of Lithuanians had smartphones in 2016, a number that is expected to increase to 65% by 2022.<a href="#cite_note-276">[272]</a> Lithuania has the highest FTTH (Fiber to the home) penetration rate in Europe (36.8% in September 2016) according to FTTH Council Europe.<a href="#cite_note-277">[273]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Lithuania" title="Transport in Lithuania">Transport in Lithuania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuania-roads-(E).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Lithuania-roads-%28E%29.png/220px-Lithuania-roads-%28E%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Lithuania-roads-%28E%29.png/330px-Lithuania-roads-%28E%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Lithuania-roads-%28E%29.png/440px-Lithuania-roads-%28E%29.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>Major highways in Lithuania</figcaption></figure> Lithuania received its first railway connection in the middle of the 19th century, when the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_%E2%80%93_Saint_Petersburg_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railway">Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railway</a> was constructed. It included a stretch from <a href="/wiki/Daugavpils" title="Daugavpils">Daugavpils</a> via Vilnius and Kaunas to Virbalis. The first and only still operating <a href="/wiki/Kaunas_Railway_Tunnel" title="Kaunas Railway Tunnel">tunnel</a> was completed in 1860. <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Lithuania" title="Rail transport in Lithuania">Rail transport in Lithuania</a> consists of 1,762 km (1,095 mi) of 1,520 mm (4 ft 11.8 in) <a href="/wiki/Russian_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian gauge">Russian gauge</a> railway of which 122 km (76 mi) are electrified. This railway network is incompatible with European <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> and requires train switching. However, Lithuanian railway network also has 115 km (71 mi) of <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> lines.<a href="#cite_note-278">[274]</a> More than half of all inland freight transported in Lithuania is carried by rail.<a href="#cite_note-279">[275]</a> The Trans-European standard gauge <a href="/wiki/Rail_Baltica" title="Rail Baltica">Rail Baltica</a> railway, linking <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>–<a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>–<a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>–<a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> and continuing on to Berlin is under construction. In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Lietuvos_Gele%C5%BEinkeliai" class="mw-redirect" title="Lietuvos Geležinkeliai">Lietuvos Geležinkeliai</a>, a company that operates most railway lines in Lithuania, received EU penalty for breaching EU's antitrust laws and restricting competition.<a href="#cite_note-280">[276]</a> Transportation is the third largest sector in Lithuanian economy.<a href="#cite_note-281">[277]</a> Lithuanian transport companies drew attention in 2016<a href="#cite_note-282">[278]</a> and 2017<a href="#cite_note-283">[279]</a> with huge and record-breaking orders of trucks. Almost 90% of commercial truck traffic in Lithuania is international transports, the highest of any EU country.<a href="#cite_note-284">[280]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marijampol%C4%97s_gele%C5%BEinkelio_stotis_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Marijampol%C4%97s_gele%C5%BEinkelio_stotis_-_panoramio.jpg/170px-Marijampol%C4%97s_gele%C5%BEinkelio_stotis_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Marijampol%C4%97s_gele%C5%BEinkelio_stotis_-_panoramio.jpg/255px-Marijampol%C4%97s_gele%C5%BEinkelio_stotis_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Marijampol%C4%97s_gele%C5%BEinkelio_stotis_-_panoramio.jpg/340px-Marijampol%C4%97s_gele%C5%BEinkelio_stotis_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marijampol%C4%97_railway_station" title="Marijampolė railway station">Marijampolė railway station</a>, completed in 1924</figcaption></figure> Lithuania has an extensive network of motorways. WEF grades Lithuanian roads at 4.7 / 7.0<a href="#cite_note-285">[281]</a> and Lithuanian road authority (LAKD) at 6.5 / 10.0.<a href="#cite_note-286">[282]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Klaip%C4%97da" title="Port of Klaipėda">Port of Klaipėda</a> is the only commercial cargo port in Lithuania. In 2011 45.5 million tons of cargo were handled (including <a href="/wiki/B%C5%ABting%C4%97_oil_terminal" title="Būtingė oil terminal">Būtingė oil terminal</a> figures)<a href="#cite_note-287">[283]</a> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Klaip%C4%97da" title="Port of Klaipėda">Port of Klaipėda</a> is outside of EU's 20 largest ports,<a href="#cite_note-288">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[285]</a> but it is the eighth largest port in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> region<a href="#cite_note-290">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[287]</a> with ongoing expansion plans.<a href="#cite_note-292">[288]</a> As of 2022, the LIWA (Lithuanian Inland Waterways Authority, Vidaus vandens keliu direkcija in Lithuanian) is developing a strategy to resurrect cargo shipping on the Nemunas. Its fleet of electric ships will travel 260 km between the port of Klaipda on the Baltic Sea coast and the industrial and transportation centre of <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:159-293">[289]</a> The project is anticipated to need a €75.7 million initial investment in total. and estimated to eliminate 48 000 truck trips annually.<a href="#cite_note-294">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[291]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilnius International Airport">Vilnius International Airport</a> is the largest airport in Lithuania, 91st busiest airport in Europe (<a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Europe" title="List of the busiest airports in Europe">EU's 100 largest airports</a>). It served 3.8 million passengers in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-296">[292]</a> Other international airports include <a href="/wiki/Kaunas_Airport" title="Kaunas Airport">Kaunas International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palanga_International_Airport" title="Palanga International Airport">Palanga International Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauliai_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Šiauliai International Airport">Šiauliai International Airport</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kaunas_Airport" title="Kaunas Airport">Kaunas International Airport</a> is also a small commercial cargo airport which started regular commercial cargo traffic in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-297">[293]</a> The inland river cargo port in Marvelė, linking Kaunas and Klaipėda, received first cargo in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-298">[294]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Energy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Lithuania" title="Energy in Lithuania">Energy in Lithuania</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Lithuania" title="Renewable energy in Lithuania">Renewable energy in Lithuania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FSRU_Independence_in_the_port_of_Klaip%C4%97da,_Lithuania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/FSRU_Independence_in_the_port_of_Klaip%C4%97da%2C_Lithuania.jpg/220px-FSRU_Independence_in_the_port_of_Klaip%C4%97da%2C_Lithuania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/FSRU_Independence_in_the_port_of_Klaip%C4%97da%2C_Lithuania.jpg/330px-FSRU_Independence_in_the_port_of_Klaip%C4%97da%2C_Lithuania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/FSRU_Independence_in_the_port_of_Klaip%C4%97da%2C_Lithuania.jpg/440px-FSRU_Independence_in_the_port_of_Klaip%C4%97da%2C_Lithuania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/FSRU_Independence" title="FSRU Independence">FSRU Independence</a> in port of Klaipėda</figcaption></figure> Systematic diversification of energy imports and resources is Lithuania's key energy strategy.<a href="#cite_note-299">[295]</a> Long-term aims were defined in National Energy Independence strategy in 2012 by Lietuvos Seimas.<a href="#cite_note-300">[296]</a> It was estimated that strategic energy independence initiatives will cost €6.3–7.8 billion in total and provide annual savings of €0.9–1.1 billion. After the decommissioning of the <a href="/wiki/Ignalina_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant">Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant</a>, Lithuania turned from electricity exporter to electricity importer. Unit No. 1 was closed in December 2004, as a condition of Lithuania's entry into the European Union; Unit No. 2 was closed down on 31 December 2009. Proposals have been made to construct a new – <a href="/wiki/Visaginas_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Visaginas Nuclear Power Plant">Visaginas Nuclear Power Plant</a> in Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-301">[297]</a> However, <a href="/wiki/2012_Lithuanian_nuclear_power_referendum" title="2012 Lithuanian nuclear power referendum">a non-binding referendum</a> held in October 2012 clouded the prospects for the Visaginas project, as 63% of voters said no to a new nuclear power plant.<a href="#cite_note-302">[298]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kruonis_Pumped_Storage_Plant.Lithuania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Kruonis_Pumped_Storage_Plant.Lithuania.jpg/220px-Kruonis_Pumped_Storage_Plant.Lithuania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Kruonis_Pumped_Storage_Plant.Lithuania.jpg/330px-Kruonis_Pumped_Storage_Plant.Lithuania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Kruonis_Pumped_Storage_Plant.Lithuania.jpg/440px-Kruonis_Pumped_Storage_Plant.Lithuania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3208" data-file-height="2247" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kruonis_Pumped_Storage_Plant" title="Kruonis Pumped Storage Plant">Kruonis Pumped Storage Plant</a></figcaption></figure> The country's main primary source of electrical power is <a href="/wiki/Elektr%C4%97nai_Power_Plant" title="Elektrėnai Power Plant">Elektrėnai Power Plant</a>. Other primary sources of Lithuania's electrical power are <a href="/wiki/Kruonis_Pumped_Storage_Plant" title="Kruonis Pumped Storage Plant">Kruonis Pumped Storage Plant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaunas_Hydroelectric_Power_Plant" title="Kaunas Hydroelectric Power Plant">Kaunas Hydroelectric Power Plant</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kruonis_Pumped_Storage_Plant" title="Kruonis Pumped Storage Plant">Kruonis Pumped Storage Plant</a> is the only in the Baltic states power plant to be used for regulation of the power system's operation with generating capacity of 900 MW for at least 12 hours.<a href="#cite_note-303">[299]</a> As of 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit">[update]</a>, 66% of electrical power was imported.<a href="#cite_note-304">[300]</a> First geothermal heating plant (<a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Geothermal_Demonstration_Plant" title="Klaipėda Geothermal Demonstration Plant">Klaipėda Geothermal Demonstration Plant</a>) in the Baltic Sea region was built in 2004. Lithuania–Sweden submarine electricity interconnection <a href="/wiki/NordBalt" title="NordBalt">NordBalt</a> and Lithuania–Poland electricity interconnection <a href="/wiki/LitPol_Link" title="LitPol Link">LitPol Link</a> were launched at the end of 2015.<a href="#cite_note-305">[301]</a> In 2018, synchronising the Baltic states' electricity grid with the <a href="/wiki/Synchronous_grid_of_Continental_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronous grid of Continental Europe">Synchronous grid of Continental Europe</a> has started.<a href="#cite_note-306">[302]</a> In 2016, 20.8% of electricity consumed in Lithuania came from renewable sources.<a href="#cite_note-307">[303]</a> In order to break down <a href="/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom">Gazprom</a>'s monopoly<a href="#cite_note-308">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[305]</a> in natural gas market of Lithuania, first large scale LNG import terminal (<a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_LNG_FSRU" class="mw-redirect" title="Klaipėda LNG FSRU">Klaipėda LNG FSRU</a>) in the Baltic region was built in port of Klaipėda in 2014. The Klaipėda LNG terminal was called Independence, thus emphasising the aim to diversify energy market of Lithuania. Norwegian company <a href="/wiki/Equinor" title="Equinor">Equinor</a> supplies 540 million cubic metres (19 billion cubic feet) of natural gas annually from 2015 until 2020.<a href="#cite_note-310">[306]</a> The terminal is able to meet the Lithuania's demand 100 percent, and Latvia's and Estonia's national demand 90 percent in the future.<a href="#cite_note-311">[307]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gas_Interconnection_Poland%E2%80%93Lithuania" title="Gas Interconnection Poland–Lithuania">Gas Interconnection Poland–Lithuania</a> (GIPL), also known as Lithuania–Poland pipeline, is a natural gas pipeline interconnection between Lithuania and Poland that became operational in 2022. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Lithuania" title="Demographics of Lithuania">Demographics of Lithuania</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seni%C5%ABnij%C5%B3_tankumas.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Seni%C5%ABnij%C5%B3_tankumas.png/250px-Seni%C5%ABnij%C5%B3_tankumas.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Seni%C5%ABnij%C5%B3_tankumas.png/375px-Seni%C5%ABnij%C5%B3_tankumas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Seni%C5%ABnij%C5%B3_tankumas.png/500px-Seni%C5%ABnij%C5%B3_tankumas.png 2x" data-file-width="1642" data-file-height="1268" /></a><figcaption>Population density in Lithuania by elderships</figcaption></figure> Since the Neolithic period, the demographics of Lithuania have stayed fairly homogenous. There is a high probability that the inhabitants of present-day Lithuania have similar genetic compositions to their ancestors,<a href="#cite_note-312">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[310]</a> although without being actually isolated from them.<a href="#cite_note-315">[311]</a> The Lithuanian population appears to be relatively homogeneous, without apparent genetic differences among ethnic subgroups.<a href="#cite_note-316">[312]</a> A 2004 analysis of <a href="/wiki/MtDNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MtDNA">MtDNA</a> in the Lithuanian population revealed that Lithuanians are genetically close to the <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finno-Ugric_languages" title="Finno-Ugric languages">Finno-Ugric</a> speaking populations of Northern and Eastern Europe. <a href="/wiki/Y_chromosome" title="Y chromosome">Y-chromosome</a> SNP <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup" title="Haplogroup">haplogroup</a> analysis showed Lithuanians to be genetically closest to <a href="/wiki/Latvians" title="Latvians">Latvians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Estonians" title="Estonians">Estonians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-317">[313]</a> In 2021, the age structure of the population was as follows: <ul><li>0–14 years, 14.86% (male 214,113/female 203,117)</li> <li>15–64 years: 65.19% (male 896,400/female 934,467)</li> <li>65 years and over: 19.95% (male 195,269/female 365,014).<a href="#cite_note-population2022-318">[314]</a></li></ul> The median age in 2022 was 44 years (male: 41, female: 47).<a href="#cite_note-population2022-318">[314]</a> Lithuania has a <a href="/wiki/Sub-replacement_fertility_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-replacement fertility rate">sub-replacement fertility rate</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">total fertility rate</a> (TFR) in Lithuania was 1.34 children born per woman in 2021, and the mean age of women at childbirth was 30.3 years. The average age of first childbirth for women was 28.2 years. The <a href="/wiki/Human_sex_ratio" title="Human sex ratio">human sex ratio</a> is male leaning for the age categories 15–44, with 1.0352 males for every female.<a href="#cite_note-population2022-318">[314]</a> As of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit">[update]</a>, 25.6% of births were to unmarried women. The mean <a href="/wiki/Age_at_first_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Age at first marriage">age at first marriage</a> in 2021 was 28.3 years for women and 30.5 years for men.<a href="#cite_note-population2022-318">[314]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Functional_urban_areas">Functional urban areas</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Functional urban areas">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/Larger_urban_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Larger urban zone">Functional urban areas</a><a href="#cite_note-FUA,Euro-319">[315]</a> </th> <th align="center">Population (2023) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_urban_area" title="Vilnius urban area">Vilnius urban area</a> </td> <td align="right"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 747,864 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaunas_urban_area" title="Kaunas urban area">Kaunas urban area</a> </td> <td align="right"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 403,375 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Panev%C4%97%C5%BEys_urban_area" title="Panevėžys urban area">Panevėžys urban area</a> </td> <td align="right"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 122,860 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups_and_languages">Ethnic groups and languages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups and languages">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Lithuania" title="Ethnic minorities in Lithuania">Ethnic minorities in Lithuania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Lithuania#Languages" title="Demographics of Lithuania">Demographics of Lithuania § Languages</a></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:300px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Residents of Lithuania by ethnicity (2024)<a href="#cite_note-320">[316]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Lithuanians</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:82.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">82.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Poles</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:6.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Russians</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:5.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Belarusians</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:purple; width:2.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Ukrainians</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:brown; width:1.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:gray; width:2.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.3%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> Lithuania has the most homogeneous population in the Baltic States. Ethnic Lithuanians make up about five-sixths of the country's population. In 2024, 82.6% of the 2,809,977 Lithuania's residents were ethnic <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian people">Lithuanians</a> who speak <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>, which is the official language of the country. Several sizeable minorities exist, such as <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a> (6.3%), <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> (5.0%), <a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusians</a> (2.1%) and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> (1.7%).<a href="#cite_note-TGKT21-321">[317]</a> <a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Lithuania" title="Poles in Lithuania">Poles in Lithuania</a> are the largest minority, concentrated in southeast Lithuania (the <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilnius region">Vilnius region</a>), constituting majority in <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0al%C4%8Dininkai_District_Municipality" title="Šalčininkai District Municipality">Šalčininkai</a> (76.3%) and <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_District_Municipality" title="Vilnius District Municipality">Vilnius District Municipality</a> (46.8%). <a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Lithuania" title="Russians in Lithuania">Russians in Lithuania</a> are the second largest minority, concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Visaginas_Municipality" title="Visaginas Municipality">Visaginas</a> (47.4%), <a href="/wiki/Zarasai_District_Municipality" title="Zarasai District Municipality">Zarasai District Municipality</a> (17.2%) and <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a> (16%).<a href="#cite_note-TGKT21-321">[317]</a> About 2,250 <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a> live in Lithuania, mostly in Vilnius, <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panev%C4%97%C5%BEys" title="Panevėžys">Panevėžys</a>; their organizations are supported by the National Minority and Emigration Department.<a href="#cite_note-322">[318]</a> For centuries, <a href="/wiki/Lipka_Tatars" title="Lipka Tatars">Tatar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Karaite</a> communities have lived in Lithuania. In 2021, there were around 2,150 registered Tatars and 196 Karaites in the country.<a href="#cite_note-323">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-324">[320]</a> The official language is <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>, but in some areas there is a significant presence of minority languages such as <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>. The greatest presence of minorities and the use of these languages are in Šalčininkai, Visaginas, and Vilnius District.<a href="#cite_note-TGKT21-321">[317]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> is spoken by members of the tiny remaining <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Lithuania" title="History of the Jews in Lithuania">Jewish community</a> in Lithuania. The state laws guarantee education in minority languages and there are numerous publicly funded schools in the areas populated by minorities, with Polish as the language of instruction being the most widely available.<a href="#cite_note-325">[321]</a> According to the survey carried out within the framework of the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_census_of_2021" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian census of 2021">Lithuanian census of 2021</a>, 85.33% of the country's population speak Lithuanian as their native language, 6.8% are native speakers of Russian and 5.1% of Polish. As of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit">[update]</a>, 60.6% of residents speak Russian as a foreign language, 31.1% – English, 10.5% – Lithuanian, 8% – German, 7.9% – Polish, 1.9% – French, 2.6% – various others.<a href="#cite_note-326">[322]</a> Most Lithuanian schools teach English as the first foreign language, but students may also study German, or, in some schools, French or Russian. Around 80% of young people in Lithuania know English.<a href="#cite_note-327">[323]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urbanization">Urbanization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Urbanization">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Lithuania" title="List of cities in Lithuania">List of cities in Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Lithuania" title="List of towns in Lithuania">List of towns in Lithuania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Baltic_states_by_population" title="List of cities in the Baltic states by population">List of cities in the Baltic states by population</a></div> There has been a steady <a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">movement of population to the cities</a> since the 1990s, encouraged by the planning of regional centres, such as <a href="/wiki/Alytus" title="Alytus">Alytus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marijampol%C4%97" title="Marijampolė">Marijampolė</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utena" title="Utena">Utena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plung%C4%97" title="Plungė">Plungė</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%BEeikiai" title="Mažeikiai">Mažeikiai</a>. By the early 21st century, about two-thirds of the total population lived in urban areas. As of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit">[update]</a>, 68.19% of the total population lives in urban areas.<a href="#cite_note-population2022-318">[314]</a> Lithuania's <a href="/wiki/Larger_urban_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Larger urban zone">functional urban areas</a> include <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> (population 708,203), <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a> (population 391,153), and <a href="/wiki/Panev%C4%97%C5%BEys" title="Panevėžys">Panevėžys</a> (population 124,526).<a href="#cite_note-FUA,Euro-319">[315]</a> The fDI of the Financial Times in their research Cities and Regions of the Future ranked Vilnius fourth in the mid-sized European cities category in the 2018–19 ranking, second in the 2022–23 ranking, second in 2023 ranking while the city claimed 24th spot in the worldwide overall ranking in 2021–22 and Vilnius county was ranked 10th in the small European regions category in 2018–19, fifth in 2022–23, fifth in 2023 rankings.<a href="#cite_note-328">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-330">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[327]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in Lithuania <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_Data_Agency" title="State Data Agency">State Data Agency</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-332">[328]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Lithuania" title="List of cities in Lithuania">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Lithuania" title="List of cities in Lithuania">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Lithuania" title="Counties of Lithuania">County</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Lithuania" title="List of cities in Lithuania"> Pop.</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Lithuania" title="List of cities in Lithuania">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Lithuania" title="List of cities in Lithuania">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Lithuania" title="Counties of Lithuania">County</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Lithuania" title="List of cities in Lithuania"> Pop.</a></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilnius_old_town_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vilnius"><img alt="Vilnius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Vilnius_old_town_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg/120px-Vilnius_old_town_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Vilnius_old_town_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg/180px-Vilnius_old_town_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Vilnius_old_town_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg/240px-Vilnius_old_town_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Vytautas_the_Great_Bridge_from_hill,_Kaunas,_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaunas"><img alt="Kaunas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Vytautas_the_Great_Bridge_from_hill%2C_Kaunas%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/120px-Vytautas_the_Great_Bridge_from_hill%2C_Kaunas%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Vytautas_the_Great_Bridge_from_hill%2C_Kaunas%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/180px-Vytautas_the_Great_Bridge_from_hill%2C_Kaunas%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Vytautas_the_Great_Bridge_from_hill%2C_Kaunas%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/240px-Vytautas_the_Great_Bridge_from_hill%2C_Kaunas%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_County" title="Vilnius County">Vilnius</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">607,404</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/K%C4%97dainiai" title="Kėdainiai">Kėdainiai</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kaunas_County" title="Kaunas County">Kaunas</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">23,323 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Klaip%C4%97da._Senamiestis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Klaipėda"><img alt="Klaipėda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Klaip%C4%97da._Senamiestis.jpg/120px-Klaip%C4%97da._Senamiestis.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Klaip%C4%97da._Senamiestis.jpg/180px-Klaip%C4%97da._Senamiestis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Klaip%C4%97da._Senamiestis.jpg/240px-Klaip%C4%97da._Senamiestis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2530" data-file-height="1898" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Calle_Vilnius,_Siauliai,_Lituania,_2012-08-09,_DD_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Šiauliai"><img alt="Šiauliai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Calle_Vilnius%2C_Siauliai%2C_Lituania%2C_2012-08-09%2C_DD_01.JPG/120px-Calle_Vilnius%2C_Siauliai%2C_Lituania%2C_2012-08-09%2C_DD_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Calle_Vilnius%2C_Siauliai%2C_Lituania%2C_2012-08-09%2C_DD_01.JPG/180px-Calle_Vilnius%2C_Siauliai%2C_Lituania%2C_2012-08-09%2C_DD_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Calle_Vilnius%2C_Siauliai%2C_Lituania%2C_2012-08-09%2C_DD_01.JPG/240px-Calle_Vilnius%2C_Siauliai%2C_Lituania%2C_2012-08-09%2C_DD_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5313" data-file-height="2759" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauliai" title="Šiauliai">Šiauliai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kaunas_County" title="Kaunas County">Kaunas</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">303,978</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ukmerg%C4%97" title="Ukmergė">Ukmergė</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_County" title="Vilnius County">Vilnius</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">21,954 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_County" title="Klaipėda County">Klaipėda</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">160,885</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tel%C5%A1iai" title="Telšiai">Telšiai</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tel%C5%A1iai_County" title="Telšiai County">Telšiai</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">21,834 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauliai" title="Šiauliai">Šiauliai</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauliai_County" title="Šiauliai County">Šiauliai</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">111,971</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Taurag%C4%97" title="Tauragė">Tauragė</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Taurag%C4%97_County" title="Tauragė County">Tauragė</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">21,404 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Panev%C4%97%C5%BEys" title="Panevėžys">Panevėžys</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Panev%C4%97%C5%BEys_County" title="Panevėžys County">Panevėžys</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">85,774</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Visaginas" title="Visaginas">Visaginas</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Utena_County" title="Utena County">Utena</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,114 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Alytus" title="Alytus">Alytus</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Alytus_County" title="Alytus County">Alytus</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">50,741</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Palanga" title="Palanga">Palanga</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_County" title="Klaipėda County">Klaipėda</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,551 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Marijampol%C4%97" title="Marijampolė">Marijampolė</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Marijampol%C4%97_County" title="Marijampolė County">Marijampolė</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">36,240</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Plung%C4%97" title="Plungė">Plungė</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tel%C5%A1iai_County" title="Telšiai County">Telšiai</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">17,031 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%BEeikiai" title="Mažeikiai">Mažeikiai</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tel%C5%A1iai_County" title="Telšiai County">Telšiai</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">33,303</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kretinga" title="Kretinga">Kretinga</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_County" title="Klaipėda County">Klaipėda</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">16,952 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jonava" title="Jonava">Jonava</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kaunas_County" title="Kaunas County">Kaunas</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">26,680</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ilut%C4%97" title="Šilutė">Šilutė</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_County" title="Klaipėda County">Klaipėda</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,985 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Utena" title="Utena">Utena</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Utena_County" title="Utena County">Utena</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">25,587</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Radvili%C5%A1kis" title="Radviliškis">Radviliškis</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauliai_County" title="Šiauliai County">Šiauliai</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,486 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Health">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Health_in_Lithuania" title="Health in Lithuania">Health in Lithuania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hospital_of_Lithuanian_University_of_Health_Sciences_Kaunas_Clinics_in_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3f/Hospital_of_Lithuanian_University_of_Health_Sciences_Kaunas_Clinics_in_2006.jpg/220px-Hospital_of_Lithuanian_University_of_Health_Sciences_Kaunas_Clinics_in_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3f/Hospital_of_Lithuanian_University_of_Health_Sciences_Kaunas_Clinics_in_2006.jpg/330px-Hospital_of_Lithuanian_University_of_Health_Sciences_Kaunas_Clinics_in_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3f/Hospital_of_Lithuanian_University_of_Health_Sciences_Kaunas_Clinics_in_2006.jpg/440px-Hospital_of_Lithuanian_University_of_Health_Sciences_Kaunas_Clinics_in_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kaunas_Clinics" title="Kaunas Clinics">Kaunas Clinics</a>, a medical institution in Lithuania</figcaption></figure> Lithuania provides free state-funded healthcare to all citizens and registered long-term residents.<a href="#cite_note-333">[329]</a> It co-exists with a significant private healthcare sector. In 2003–2012, the network of hospitals was restructured, as part of wider healthcare service reforms. It started in 2003–2005 with the expansion of ambulatory services and primary care.<a href="#cite_note-334">[330]</a> In 2016, Lithuania ranked 27th in Europe in the <a href="/wiki/Euro_health_consumer_index" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro health consumer index">Euro health consumer index</a>, a ranking of European healthcare systems based on waiting time, results and other indicators. Lithuania ranked 19th in the 2024 edition of the <a href="/wiki/World_Happiness_Report" title="World Happiness Report">World Happiness Report</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-335">[331]</a> As of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit">[update]</a>, Lithuanian <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> at birth was 76.0 (70.6 years for males and 81.6 for females)<a href="#cite_note-336">[332]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">infant mortality</a> rate was 2.99 per 1,000 births.<a href="#cite_note-337">[333]</a> The annual population growth rate increased by 0.3% in 2007. Lithuania has seen a dramatic rise in suicides in the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-who-suicide-data-338">[334]</a> The suicide rate has been constantly decreasing since, but it still remains the highest in the EU and one of the highest in the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>. The suicide rate as of 2019 is 20.2 per 100,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-who-suicide-data-338">[334]</a> <a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_Lithuania" title="Suicide in Lithuania">Suicide in Lithuania</a> has been a subject of research, but the main reasons behind the high rate are thought[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] to be both psychological and economic, including: social transformations and economic recessions, alcoholism, lack of tolerance in the society and bullying.<a href="#cite_note-lrt-suicide-reasons-339">[335]</a> By 2000, the vast majority of Lithuanian health care institutions were non-profit-making enterprises and a private sector developed, providing mostly outpatient services which are paid for out-of-pocket. The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Lithuania)" title="Ministry of Health (Lithuania)">Ministry of Health</a> also runs a few health care facilities and is involved in the running of the two major Lithuanian teaching hospitals. It is responsible for the State Public Health Centre which manages the public health network including ten county public health centres with their local branches. The ten <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Lithuania" title="Counties of Lithuania">counties</a> run county hospitals and specialised health care facilities.<a href="#cite_note-340">[336]</a> There is <a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Lithuania#Social_security_contributions" title="Taxation in Lithuania">Compulsory Health Insurance</a> for the Lithuanian residents. There are 5 Territorial Health Insurance Funds, covering Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda, Šiauliai and Panevėžys. Contributions for people who are economically active are 9% of income.<a href="#cite_note-341">[337]</a> Emergency medical services are provided free of charge to all residents. Access to the secondary and tertiary care, such as hospital treatment, is normally via referral by a <a href="/wiki/General_practitioner" title="General practitioner">general practitioner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-342">[338]</a> Lithuania also has one of the lowest <a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">health care</a> prices in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-343">[339]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lithuania" title="Religion in Lithuania">Religion in Lithuania</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">Lithuanian mythology</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hill-of-crosses-siauliai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Hill-of-crosses-siauliai.jpg/360px-Hill-of-crosses-siauliai.jpg" decoding="async" width="360" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Hill-of-crosses-siauliai.jpg/540px-Hill-of-crosses-siauliai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Hill-of-crosses-siauliai.jpg/720px-Hill-of-crosses-siauliai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3067" data-file-height="1155" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hill_of_Crosses" title="Hill of Crosses">Hill of Crosses</a> near <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauliai" title="Šiauliai">Šiauliai</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilnius_Cathedral_Chapel_of_Saint_Casimir,_Vilnius,_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vilnius_Cathedral_Chapel_of_Saint_Casimir%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/200px-Vilnius_Cathedral_Chapel_of_Saint_Casimir%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vilnius_Cathedral_Chapel_of_Saint_Casimir%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/300px-Vilnius_Cathedral_Chapel_of_Saint_Casimir%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vilnius_Cathedral_Chapel_of_Saint_Casimir%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/400px-Vilnius_Cathedral_Chapel_of_Saint_Casimir%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="5611" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_Saint_Casimir" title="Chapel of Saint Casimir">Chapel of Saint Casimir</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of Lithuania and Lithuanian youth, with his <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus" title="Sarcophagus">sarcophagus</a> in the centre</figcaption></figure> According to the 2021 census, 74.2% of residents of Lithuania were Catholics.<a href="#cite_note-religion-stats-3">[3]</a> Catholicism has been the main religion since the official <a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianisation of Lithuania">Christianisation of Lithuania</a> in 1387. The Catholic Church was persecuted by the Russian Empire as part of the <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a> policies and by the Soviet Union as part of the overall <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Religion in the Soviet Union">anti-religious campaigns</a>. During the Soviet era, some priests actively led the resistance against the Communist regime, as symbolised by the <a href="/wiki/Hill_of_Crosses" title="Hill of Crosses">Hill of Crosses</a> and exemplified by <a href="/wiki/The_Chronicle_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="The Chronicle of the Catholic Church in Lithuania">The Chronicle of the Catholic Church in Lithuania</a>. 3.7% of the population are <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a>, mainly among the Russian minority.<a href="#cite_note-religion-stats-3">[3]</a> The community of <a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a> (0.6% of population) dates back to the 1660s. <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a> are 0.8%, of which 0.6% are <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> and 0.2% are <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Evangelical_Reformed_Church" title="Lithuanian Evangelical Reformed Church">Reformed</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> did not impact Lithuania to a great extent as seen in <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>. Before World War II, according to Losch (1932), the Lutherans were 3.3% of the total population.<a href="#cite_note-lmaleidykla.lt-344">[340]</a> They were mainly <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Lithuanians" title="Prussian Lithuanians">Prussian Lithuanians</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Region" title="Klaipėda Region">Klaipėda Region</a> (Memel territory). This population <a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans">fled or was expelled after the war</a>, and Protestantism is now mainly represented by ethnic Lithuanians throughout the northern and western parts of the country, as well as in large urban areas. Newly arriving <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical churches</a> have established missions in Lithuania since 1990.<a href="#cite_note-345">[341]</a> Hinduism is a minority religion and a fairly recent development in Lithuania. Hinduism is spread in Lithuania by Hindu organizations: <a href="/wiki/ISKCON" class="mw-redirect" title="ISKCON">ISKCON</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahma_Kumaris" title="Brahma Kumaris">Brahma Kumaris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osho_Rajneesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Osho Rajneesh">Osho Rajneesh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISKCON" class="mw-redirect" title="ISKCON">ISKCON</a> (Lithuanian: Krišnos sąmonės judėjimas) is the largest and the oldest movement as the first Krishna followers date to 1979.<a href="#cite_note-346">[342]</a> It has three centres in Lithuania: in <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brahma_Kumaris" title="Brahma Kumaris">Brahma Kumaris</a> maintains the Centre Brahma Kumaris in <a href="/wiki/Antakalnis" title="Antakalnis">Antakalnis</a>, Vilnius. The historical communities of <a href="/wiki/Lipka_Tatars" title="Lipka Tatars">Lipka Tatars</a> maintain <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Lithuania" title="Islam in Lithuania">Islam</a> as their religion. Lithuania was historically home to a significant <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Lithuania" title="History of the Jews in Lithuania">Jewish community</a> and was an important centre of Jewish scholarship and culture from the 18th century until the eve of World War II. Of the approximately 220,000 Jews who lived in Lithuania in June 1941, almost all were killed during <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Lithuania" title="The Holocaust in Lithuania">the Holocaust</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bubnys_vanished219-347">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[344]</a> The Lithuanian Jewish community numbered about 4,000 at the end of 2009.<a href="#cite_note-Stats-349">[345]</a> <a href="/wiki/Romuva_(religion)" title="Romuva (religion)">Romuva</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Neopagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopagan">neopagan</a> revival of the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">ancient religious practices</a>, has gained popularity over the years. Romuva claims to continue living pagan traditions, which survived in folklore and customs.<a href="#cite_note-350">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[348]</a> Romuva is a <a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">polytheistic</a> pagan faith, which asserts the sanctity of nature and has elements of <a href="/wiki/Ancestor_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestor worship">ancestor worship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-353">[349]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_census_of_2001" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian census of 2001">2001 census</a>, there were 1,270 people of Baltic faith in Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-354">[350]</a> That number jumped to 5,118 in the 2011 census.<a href="#cite_note-osp.stat.gov.lt-355">[351]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Lithuania" title="Education in Lithuania">Education in Lithuania</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Lithuania" title="List of universities and colleges in Lithuania">List of universities and colleges in Lithuania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilnius_University_campus_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vilnius_University_campus_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg/220px-Vilnius_University_campus_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vilnius_University_campus_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg/330px-Vilnius_University_campus_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vilnius_University_campus_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg/440px-Vilnius_University_campus_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1801" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_University" title="Vilnius University">Vilnius University</a>, one of the oldest universities in the region.<a href="#cite_note-356">[352]</a> It was established by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Stephen Báthory">Stephen Báthory</a>, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, in 1579.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Lithuania" title="Constitution of Lithuania">Constitution of Lithuania</a> mandates ten-year education ending at age 16 and guarantees a free public higher education for students deemed 'good'.<a href="#cite_note-357">[353]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_and_Science_(Lithuania)" title="Ministry of Education and Science (Lithuania)">Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Lithuania</a> proposes national educational policies and goals that are then voted for in the Seimas. Laws govern long-term educational strategy along with general laws on standards for higher education, vocational training, law and science, adult education, and special education.<a href="#cite_note-edu1-358">[354]</a> 5.4% of GDP or 15.4% of total public expenditure was spent for education in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-edumonitor-359">[355]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilnius_University_Life_Sciences_Center_in_the_Sunrise_Valley_in_Vilnius_by_Augustas_Did%C5%BEgalvis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/Vilnius_University_Life_Sciences_Center_in_the_Sunrise_Valley_in_Vilnius_by_Augustas_Did%C5%BEgalvis.jpg/220px-Vilnius_University_Life_Sciences_Center_in_the_Sunrise_Valley_in_Vilnius_by_Augustas_Did%C5%BEgalvis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/Vilnius_University_Life_Sciences_Center_in_the_Sunrise_Valley_in_Vilnius_by_Augustas_Did%C5%BEgalvis.jpg/330px-Vilnius_University_Life_Sciences_Center_in_the_Sunrise_Valley_in_Vilnius_by_Augustas_Did%C5%BEgalvis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/Vilnius_University_Life_Sciences_Center_in_the_Sunrise_Valley_in_Vilnius_by_Augustas_Did%C5%BEgalvis.jpg/440px-Vilnius_University_Life_Sciences_Center_in_the_Sunrise_Valley_in_Vilnius_by_Augustas_Did%C5%BEgalvis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1198" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_University" title="Vilnius University">Vilnius University</a> Life Sciences Center in the Sunrise Valley</figcaption></figure> According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, the literacy rate among Lithuanians aged 15 years and older is 100%.<a href="#cite_note-360">[356]</a> School attendance rates are above the EU average and school leave is less common than in the EU. According to <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a> Lithuania leads among other countries of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> in people with secondary education (93.3%).<a href="#cite_note-361">[357]</a> Based on OECD data, Lithuania is among the top 5 countries in the world in postsecondary (tertiary) education attainment.<a href="#cite_note-362">[358]</a> As of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit">[update]</a>, 54.9% of the population aged 25 to 34, and 30.7% of the population aged 55 to 64 had completed tertiary education.<a href="#cite_note-363">[359]</a> The share of tertiary-educated 25–64-year-olds in STEM (<a href="/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics" title="Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics">Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics</a>) fields in Lithuania were above the OECD average (29% and 26% respectively), similarly to business, administration and law (25% and 23% respectively).<a href="#cite_note-364">[360]</a> Modern Lithuanian education system has multiple structural problems. Insufficient funding, quality issues, and decreasing student population are the most prevalent. Lithuanian teacher salaries below EU average, despite significant increases since 2011.<a href="#cite_note-365">[361]</a> Low teacher salaries was the primary reason behind national teacher strikes in 2014,<a href="#cite_note-366">[362]</a> 2015,<a href="#cite_note-367">[363]</a> and 2016.<a href="#cite_note-368">[364]</a><a href="#cite_note-369">[365]</a> Salaries in the higher education sector are also low. Many Lithuanian professors have a second job to supplement their income.<a href="#cite_note-370">[366]</a> PISA report from 2022 found that Lithuanian results in math, science and reading were around OECD average, after trailing the OECD average in earlier reports in 2010 and 2015, although the relative improvement was primarily driven by the decrease in performance in the other OECD countries as a result of COVID 19 pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-371">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-372">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[369]</a> The population ages 6 to 19 has decreased by 36% between 2005 and 2015. As a result, the student-teacher ratio is decreasing and expenditure per student is increasing, but schools, particularly in rural areas, are forced into reorganizations and consolidations.<a href="#cite_note-edumonitor-359">[355]</a> As with other Baltic nations, in particular <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, the large volume of higher education graduates within the country, coupled with the high rate of spoken second languages is contributing to an education <a href="/wiki/Brain_drain" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain drain">brain drain</a>. As of 2008<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit">[update]</a>, there were 15 public and 6 private universities as well as 16 public and 11 private colleges in Lithuania (see: <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Lithuania">List of universities in Lithuania</a>).<a href="#cite_note-374">[370]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_University" title="Vilnius University">Vilnius University</a> is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">oldest universities in Northern Europe</a> and the largest university in Lithuania. <a href="/wiki/Kaunas_University_of_Technology" title="Kaunas University of Technology">Kaunas University of Technology</a> is the largest technical university in the Baltic States and the second largest university in Lithuania. In an attempt to reduce costs<a href="#cite_note-375">[371]</a> and adapt to sharply decreasing number of high-school students,<a href="#cite_note-376">[372]</a> Lithuanian parliament decided to reduce the number of universities in Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-377">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-378">[374]</a> In early 2018, <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_University_of_Educational_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences">Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aleksandras_Stulginskis_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandras Stulginskis University">Aleksandras Stulginskis University</a> were merged into <a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Magnus_University" title="Vytautas Magnus University">Vytautas Magnus University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-379">[375]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Lithuania" title="Culture of Lithuania">Culture of Lithuania</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Lithuanians" title="List of Lithuanians">List of Lithuanians</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lithuanian_language">Lithuanian language</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Lithuanian language">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian language</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:186px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Konstanty_Szyrwid.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Konstanty_Szyrwid.PNG/160px-Konstanty_Szyrwid.PNG" decoding="async" width="160" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Konstanty_Szyrwid.PNG/240px-Konstanty_Szyrwid.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Konstanty_Szyrwid.PNG/320px-Konstanty_Szyrwid.PNG 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="513" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">A priest, lexicographer <a href="/wiki/Konstantinas_Sirvydas" title="Konstantinas Sirvydas">Konstantinas Sirvydas</a> – cherisher of Lithuanian language in the 17th century</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:186px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Jonas_Jablonskis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Jonas_Jablonskis.jpg/124px-Jonas_Jablonskis.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Jonas_Jablonskis.jpg/186px-Jonas_Jablonskis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Jonas_Jablonskis.jpg/248px-Jonas_Jablonskis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="682" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Jablonskis" title="Jonas Jablonskis">Jonas Jablonskis</a> is the father of standard Lithuanian language.</div></div></div></div></div> The <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian language</a> (lietuvių kalba) is the official state language of Lithuania and is recognized as one of the <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official languages</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. There are about 2.96 million native Lithuanian speakers in Lithuania and about 0.2 million abroad. Lithuanian is a <a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic language</a>, closely related to <a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a>, although they are not <a href="/wiki/Mutual_intelligibility" title="Mutual intelligibility">mutually intelligible</a>. It is written in an adapted version of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Roman script</a>. Lithuanian is believed to be the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative (language)">linguistically most conservative</a> living <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European tongue</a>, retaining many features of <a href="/wiki/Proto_Indo-European_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto Indo-European language">Proto Indo-European</a>.<a href="#cite_note-zinkevicius-380">[376]</a> Lithuanian language studies are important for <a href="/wiki/Comparative_linguistics" title="Comparative linguistics">comparative linguistics</a> and for reconstruction of <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-381">[377]</a> Lithuanian was studied by linguists such as <a href="/wiki/Franz_Bopp" title="Franz Bopp">Franz Bopp</a>, <a href="/wiki/August_Schleicher" title="August Schleicher">August Schleicher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adalbert_Bezzenberger" title="Adalbert Bezzenberger">Adalbert Bezzenberger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Hjelmslev" title="Louis Hjelmslev">Louis Hjelmslev</a>,<a href="#cite_note-382">[378]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure" title="Ferdinand de Saussure">Ferdinand de Saussure</a>,<a href="#cite_note-383">[379]</a> <a href="/wiki/Winfred_P._Lehmann" title="Winfred P. Lehmann">Winfred P. Lehmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Toporov" title="Vladimir Toporov">Vladimir Toporov</a><a href="#cite_note-384">[380]</a> and others. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_earliest_known_Lithuanian_glosses_(~1520%E2%80%931530),_words_(tepridau%C5%BEia,_ubagyst%C4%97).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/The_earliest_known_Lithuanian_glosses_%28~1520%E2%80%931530%29%2C_words_%28tepridau%C5%BEia%2C_ubagyst%C4%97%29.jpg/220px-The_earliest_known_Lithuanian_glosses_%28~1520%E2%80%931530%29%2C_words_%28tepridau%C5%BEia%2C_ubagyst%C4%97%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/The_earliest_known_Lithuanian_glosses_%28~1520%E2%80%931530%29%2C_words_%28tepridau%C5%BEia%2C_ubagyst%C4%97%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption>The earliest known Lithuanian glosses (between 1520 and 1530) written in the margins of <a href="/wiki/Johann_Herolt" title="Johann Herolt">Johann Herolt</a> book Liber Discipuli de eruditione Christifidelium. Words: teprÿdav[ſ]ʒÿ (let it strike), vbagÿſte (indigence).</figcaption></figure> There are two main dialects of the Lithuanian language: <a href="/wiki/Auk%C5%A1taitian_dialect" title="Aukštaitian dialect">Aukštaitian dialect</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samogitian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Samogitian dialect">Samogitian dialect</a>. Aukštaitian dialect is mainly used in the central, southern and eastern parts of Lithuania while Samogitian dialect is used in the western part of the country.<a href="#cite_note-auto-385">[381]</a> The Samogitian dialect also has many completely different words and is even considered a separate language by some linguists.<a href="#cite_note-386">[382]</a> Nowadays, the distinguishing feature between the two main Lithuanian dialects is the unequal pronunciation of accented and unaccented two-vowels uo and ie.<a href="#cite_note-auto-385">[381]</a> The groundwork for written Lithuanian was laid in 16th and 17th centuries by Lithuanian noblemen and scholars, who promoted Lithuanian language, created dictionaries and published books – <a href="/wiki/Mikalojus_Dauk%C5%A1a" title="Mikalojus Daukša">Mikalojus Daukša</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanislovas_Rapolionis" title="Stanislovas Rapolionis">Stanislovas Rapolionis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraomas_Kulvietis" title="Abraomas Kulvietis">Abraomas Kulvietis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Bretk%C5%ABnas" title="Jonas Bretkūnas">Jonas Bretkūnas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martynas_Ma%C5%BEvydas" title="Martynas Mažvydas">Martynas Mažvydas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstantinas_Sirvydas" title="Konstantinas Sirvydas">Konstantinas Sirvydas</a>, Simonas Vaišnoras-Varniškis.<a href="#cite_note-387">[383]</a> The first grammar book of the Lithuanian language Grammatica Litvanica was published in Latin in 1653 by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Klein_(grammarian)" title="Daniel Klein (grammarian)">Danielius Kleinas</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Jablonskis" title="Jonas Jablonskis">Jonas Jablonskis</a>' works and activities are especially important for the Lithuanian literature moving from the use of dialects to a standard Lithuanian language. The linguistic material which he collected was published in the 20 volumes of <a href="/wiki/Academic_Dictionary_of_Lithuanian" title="Academic Dictionary of Lithuanian">Academic Dictionary of Lithuanian</a> and is still being used in research and in editing of texts and books. He also introduced the letter ū into Lithuanian writing.<a href="#cite_note-388">[384]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_literature" title="Lithuanian literature">Lithuanian literature</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ma%C5%BEvydo_Katekizmas,_Vilnius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ma%C5%BEvydo_Katekizmas%2C_Vilnius.jpg/170px-Ma%C5%BEvydo_Katekizmas%2C_Vilnius.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ma%C5%BEvydo_Katekizmas%2C_Vilnius.jpg/255px-Ma%C5%BEvydo_Katekizmas%2C_Vilnius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ma%C5%BEvydo_Katekizmas%2C_Vilnius.jpg/340px-Ma%C5%BEvydo_Katekizmas%2C_Vilnius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>The first Lithuanian <a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">printed</a> book, <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_Martynas_Ma%C5%BEvydas" title="Catechism of Martynas Mažvydas">Catechism of Martynas Mažvydas</a> (1547, Königsberg)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radivilias.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Radivilias.jpg/170px-Radivilias.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Radivilias.jpg/255px-Radivilias.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Radivilias.jpg/340px-Radivilias.jpg 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>The title page of Radivilias (1592, Vilnius). The poem celebrating commander <a href="/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj_%22the_Red%22_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł">Mikalojus Radvila Rudasis</a> (1512–1584) and recounts the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ula" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ula">famous victory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Armed_Forces" title="Lithuanian Armed Forces">Lithuanian Armed Forces</a> over Moscow troops (1564).<a href="#cite_note-389">[385]</a></figcaption></figure> There is a great deal of Lithuanian literature written in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, the main scholarly language of the Middle Ages. The edicts of the Lithuanian King <a href="/wiki/Mindaugas" title="Mindaugas">Mindaugas</a> are the prime example of the literature of this kind. The <a href="/wiki/Letters_of_Gediminas" title="Letters of Gediminas">Letters of Gediminas</a> are another crucial heritage of the Lithuanian Latin writings. One of the first Lithuanian authors who wrote in Latin was <a href="/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj_Hussowczyk" title="Mikołaj Hussowczyk">Nicolaus Hussovianus</a> (around 1480 – after 1533). His poem Carmen de statura, feritate ac venatione bisontis (A Song about the Appearance, Savagery and Hunting of the Bison), published in 1523, describes the Lithuanian landscape, way of life and customs, touches on some actual political problems, and reflects the clash of paganism and Christianity. A person under the pseudonym <a href="/wiki/Michalo_Lituanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Michalo Lituanus">Michalo Lituanus</a> [<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michalo_Lituanus" class="extiw" title="lt:Michalo Lituanus">lt</a>] (around 1490 – 1560) wrote a treatise <a href="/wiki/De_moribus_tartarorum,_lituanorum_et_moscorum" title="De moribus tartarorum, lituanorum et moscorum">De moribus tartarorum, lituanorum et moscorum</a> (On the Customs of Tatars, Lithuanians and Muscovites) in the middle of the 16th century, but it was not published until 1615. An extraordinary figure in the cultural life of Lithuania in the 16th century was the lawyer and poet of Spanish origin Petrus Roysius Maurus Alcagnicensis (around 1505 – 1571). The publicist, lawyer, and mayor of Vilnius, <a href="/wiki/Augustinus_Rotundus" title="Augustinus Rotundus">Augustinus Rotundus</a> (around 1520–1582) wrote a no longer existent history of Lithuania in Latin around the year 1560. loannes Radvanus, a humanist poet of the second half of the 16th century, wrote an epic poem imitating the <a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a> of <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Vergil</a>. His Radivilias, intended to become the Lithuanian national epic, was published in Vilnius in 1588.<a href="#cite_note-390">[386]</a> 17th century Lithuanian scholars also wrote in Latin – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazimieras_Kojelavi%C4%8Dius-Vij%C5%ABkas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazimieras Kojelavičius-Vijūkas (page does not exist)">Kazimieras Kojelavičius-Vijūkas</a> [<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kojelavi%C4%8Dius" class="extiw" title="lt:Kojelavičius">lt</a>], <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDygimantas_Liauksminas" title="Žygimantas Liauksminas">Žygimantas Liauksminas</a> are known for their Latin writings in theology, rhetorics and music. <a href="/wiki/Albertas_Kojalavi%C4%8Dius-Vij%C5%ABkas" class="mw-redirect" title="Albertas Kojalavičius-Vijūkas">Albertas Kojalavičius-Vijūkas</a> wrote first printed Lithuanian history Historia Lithuania. Lithuanian literary works in the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian language</a> started being first published in the 16th century. In 1547 <a href="/wiki/Martynas_Ma%C5%BEvydas" title="Martynas Mažvydas">Martynas Mažvydas</a> compiled and published the first printed Lithuanian book Katekizmo prasti žodžiai (The Simple Words of Catechism), which marks the beginning of literature, printed in Lithuanian. He was followed by <a href="/wiki/Mikalojus_Dauk%C5%A1a" title="Mikalojus Daukša">Mikalojus Daukša</a> with Katechizmas. In the 16th and 17th centuries, as in the whole Christian Europe, Lithuanian literature was primarily religious. The evolution of the old (14th–18th century) Lithuanian literature ends with <a href="/wiki/Kristijonas_Donelaitis" title="Kristijonas Donelaitis">Kristijonas Donelaitis</a>, one of the most prominent authors of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a>. Donelaitis' poem Metai (<a href="/wiki/The_Seasons_(poem)" title="The Seasons (poem)">The Seasons</a>) is a landmark of the Lithuanian fiction literature, written in <a href="/wiki/Hexameter" title="Hexameter">hexameter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-INST-391">[387]</a> With a mix of <a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sentimentalism_(literature)" title="Sentimentalism (literature)">Sentimentalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a>, the Lithuanian literature of the first half of the 19th century is represented by <a href="/wiki/Maironis" title="Maironis">Maironis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antanas_Baranauskas" title="Antanas Baranauskas">Antanas Baranauskas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simonas_Daukantas" title="Simonas Daukantas">Simonas Daukantas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Milosz" title="Oscar Milosz">Oscar Milosz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Simonas_Stanevi%C4%8Dius" title="Simonas Stanevičius">Simonas Stanevičius</a>.<a href="#cite_note-INST-391">[387]</a> During the Tsarist annexation of Lithuania in the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_press_ban" title="Lithuanian press ban">Lithuanian press ban</a> was implemented, which led to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Knygne%C5%A1iai" class="mw-redirect" title="Knygnešiai">Knygnešiai</a> (Book smugglers) movement. This movement is thought[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] to be the very reason the Lithuanian language and literature survived. 20th-century Lithuanian literature is represented by <a href="/wiki/Juozas_Tumas-Vai%C5%BEgantas" title="Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas">Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antanas_Vienuolis" title="Antanas Vienuolis">Antanas Vienuolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardas_Brazd%C5%BEionis" title="Bernardas Brazdžionis">Bernardas Brazdžionis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antanas_%C5%A0k%C4%97ma" title="Antanas Škėma">Antanas Škėma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balys_Sruoga" title="Balys Sruoga">Balys Sruoga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Ma%C4%8Dernis" title="Vytautas Mačernis">Vytautas Mačernis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Justinas_Marcinkevi%C4%8Dius" title="Justinas Marcinkevičius">Justinas Marcinkevičius</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 21st century debuted <a href="/wiki/Kristina_Sabaliauskait%C4%97" title="Kristina Sabaliauskaitė">Kristina Sabaliauskaitė</a>, Renata Šerelytė, Valdas Papievis, <a href="/wiki/Laura_Sintija_%C4%8Cerniauskait%C4%97" title="Laura Sintija Černiauskaitė">Laura Sintija Černiauskaitė</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruta_Sepetys" title="Ruta Sepetys">Rūta Šepetys</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_design" title="Lithuanian design">Lithuanian design</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Album_Wilenskie._1845-1875_(5552457)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Album_Wilenskie._1845-1875_%285552457%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Album_Wilenskie._1845-1875_%285552457%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Album_Wilenskie._1845-1875_%285552457%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-Album_Wilenskie._1845-1875_%285552457%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Album_Wilenskie._1845-1875_%285552457%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/360px-Album_Wilenskie._1845-1875_%285552457%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4140" data-file-height="2967" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_Cathedral" title="Vilnius Cathedral">Vilnius Cathedral</a> by <a href="/wiki/Laurynas_Gucevi%C4%8Dius" title="Laurynas Gucevičius">Laurynas Gucevičius</a></figcaption></figure> Several <a href="/wiki/List_of_architects_from_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of architects from Lithuania">famous Lithuania-related architects</a> are notable for their achievements in the field of architecture. <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Glaubitz" title="Johann Christoph Glaubitz">Johann Christoph Glaubitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcin_Knackfus" title="Marcin Knackfus">Marcin Knackfus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laurynas_Gucevi%C4%8Dius" title="Laurynas Gucevičius">Laurynas Gucevičius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karol_Podczaszy%C5%84ski" title="Karol Podczaszyński">Karol Podczaszyński</a> were instrumental in introducing <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical</a> architectural movements to the Lithuanian architecture during the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries.<a href="#cite_note-392">[388]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> is considered as a capital of the Eastern Europe Baroque.<a href="#cite_note-393">[389]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_Old_Town" title="Vilnius Old Town">Vilnius Old Town</a> that is full of astonishing Baroque churches and other buildings is a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>.<a href="#cite_note-394">[390]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grycia,_2007-04-21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grycia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg/220px-Grycia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grycia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg/330px-Grycia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grycia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg/440px-Grycia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1469" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption>Gryčia (traditional dwelling house, built in the 19th century)</figcaption></figure> Lithuania is also known for <a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Lithuania" title="List of castles in Lithuania">numerous castles</a>. About twenty castles exist in Lithuania. Some castles had to be rebuilt or survive partially. Many <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_nobility" title="Lithuanian nobility">Lithuanian nobles</a>' historic <a href="/wiki/List_of_palaces_and_manor_houses_in_Lithuania" title="List of palaces and manor houses in Lithuania">palaces and manor houses</a> have remained till the nowadays and were reconstructed.<a href="#cite_note-395">[391]</a> Lithuanian village life has existed since the days of <a href="/wiki/Vytautas_the_Great" title="Vytautas the Great">Vytautas the Great</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zervynos" title="Zervynos">Zervynos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kapini%C5%A1kiai" title="Kapiniškiai">Kapiniškiai</a> are two of many <a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_village" title="Ethnographic village">ethnographic villages</a> in Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-396">[392]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rum%C5%A1i%C5%A1k%C4%97s" title="Rumšiškės">Rumšiškės</a> is an open space museum where old ethnographic architecture is preserved. During the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>, Lithuanian National Romanticism architectural style buildings were constructed in the Lithuania's temporary capital <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>. Its architecture is regarded as one of the finest examples of the European Art Deco and has received the <a href="/wiki/European_Heritage_Label" title="European Heritage Label">European Heritage Label</a>.<a href="#cite_note-397">[393]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts_and_museums">Arts and museums</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Arts and museums">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Lithuania" title="List of museums in Lithuania">List of museums in Lithuania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mikalojus_Konstantinas_Ciurlionis_-_FAIRY_TALE_(FAIRY_TALE_OF_KINGS)_-_1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mikalojus_Konstantinas_Ciurlionis_-_FAIRY_TALE_%28FAIRY_TALE_OF_KINGS%29_-_1909.jpg/220px-Mikalojus_Konstantinas_Ciurlionis_-_FAIRY_TALE_%28FAIRY_TALE_OF_KINGS%29_-_1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mikalojus_Konstantinas_Ciurlionis_-_FAIRY_TALE_%28FAIRY_TALE_OF_KINGS%29_-_1909.jpg/330px-Mikalojus_Konstantinas_Ciurlionis_-_FAIRY_TALE_%28FAIRY_TALE_OF_KINGS%29_-_1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mikalojus_Konstantinas_Ciurlionis_-_FAIRY_TALE_%28FAIRY_TALE_OF_KINGS%29_-_1909.jpg/440px-Mikalojus_Konstantinas_Ciurlionis_-_FAIRY_TALE_%28FAIRY_TALE_OF_KINGS%29_-_1909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2309" data-file-height="2167" /></a><figcaption>Kings' Fairy Tale (1908–1909) by <a href="/wiki/Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis" title="Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis">Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Art_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Art Museum">Lithuanian Art Museum</a> was founded in 1933 and is the largest museum of art conservation and display in Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-398">[394]</a> Among other important museums are the <a href="/wiki/Palanga_Amber_Museum" title="Palanga Amber Museum">Palanga Amber Museum</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Amber" title="Amber">amber</a> pieces comprise a major part of the collection, National Gallery of Art, presenting collection of Lithuanian art of the 20th and 21st century, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Lithuania" title="National Museum of Lithuania">National Museum of Lithuania</a> presenting Lithuanian archaeology, history and ethnic culture. In 2018 two private museums were opened – <a href="/wiki/MO_Museum" title="MO Museum">MO Museum</a> devoted to modern and contemporary Lithuanian art and Tartle,<a href="#cite_note-399">[395]</a> exhibiting a collection of Lithuanian art heritage and artefacts. Perhaps the most renowned figure in Lithuania's art community was the composer <a href="/wiki/Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis" title="Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis">Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis</a> (1875–1911), an internationally renowned musician. The <a href="/wiki/2420_%C4%8Ciurlionis" title="2420 Čiurlionis">2420 Čiurlionis</a> asteroid, identified in 1975, honors his achievements. The <a href="/wiki/M._K._%C4%8Ciurlionis_National_Art_Museum" title="M. K. Čiurlionis National Art Museum">M. K. Čiurlionis National Art Museum</a>, as well as the only military museum in Lithuania, <a href="/wiki/Vytautas_the_Great_War_Museum" title="Vytautas the Great War Museum">Vytautas the Great War Museum</a>, are located in Kaunas. <a href="/wiki/Franciszek_Smuglewicz" title="Franciszek Smuglewicz">Franciszek Smuglewicz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Rustem" title="Jan Rustem">Jan Rustem</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Oleszkiewicz" title="Józef Oleszkiewicz">Józef Oleszkiewicz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kanuty_Rusiecki" title="Kanuty Rusiecki">Kanuty Rusiecki</a> are the most prominent Lithuanian painters of the 18th and 19th centuries.<a href="#cite_note-400">[396]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Theatre">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuanian_National_Drama_Theatre_in_Vilnius,_Lithuania_in_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Lithuanian_National_Drama_Theatre_in_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_in_2023.jpg/220px-Lithuanian_National_Drama_Theatre_in_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_in_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Lithuanian_National_Drama_Theatre_in_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_in_2023.jpg/330px-Lithuanian_National_Drama_Theatre_in_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_in_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Lithuanian_National_Drama_Theatre_in_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_in_2023.jpg/440px-Lithuanian_National_Drama_Theatre_in_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_in_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2846" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Drama_Theatre" title="Lithuanian National Drama Theatre">Lithuanian National Drama Theatre</a></figcaption></figure> Lithuania has theatres in <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panev%C4%97%C5%BEys" title="Panevėžys">Panevėžys</a>. These include <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Drama_Theatre" title="Lithuanian National Drama Theatre">Lithuanian National Drama Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keistuoli%C5%B3_Teatras" title="Keistuolių Teatras">Keistuolių teatras</a> (Theatre of Freaks) in Vilnius, <a href="/wiki/Kaunas_State_Drama_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaunas State Drama Theatre">Kaunas State Drama Theatre</a>, Theatre of Oskaras Koršunovas, Klaipėda Drama Theatre, Theatre of <a href="/wiki/Gytis_Ivanauskas" title="Gytis Ivanauskas">Gytis Ivanauskas</a>, Miltinis Drama Theatre in Panevėžys, The Doll's Theatre, <a href="/wiki/Old_Theatre_of_Vilnius" title="Old Theatre of Vilnius">Old Theatre of Vilnius</a>.<a href="#cite_note-401">[397]</a> Theatre festivals include Sirenos (Sirens), TheATRIUM, Nerk į teatrą (Dive into the Theatre).<a href="#cite_note-402">[398]</a><a href="#cite_note-403">[399]</a><a href="#cite_note-404">[400]</a> Lithuanian theatre directors include <a href="/wiki/Eimuntas_Nekro%C5%A1ius" title="Eimuntas Nekrošius">Eimuntas Nekrošius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Vaitkus" title="Jonas Vaitkus">Jonas Vaitkus</a>, Cezaris Graužinis, Gintaras Varnas, <a href="/wiki/Dalia_Ibelhauptait%C4%97" title="Dalia Ibelhauptaitė">Dalia Ibelhauptaitė</a> and Artūras Areima. Actors include Dainius Gavenonis, Rolandas Kazlas, Saulius Balandis and Gabija Jaraminaitė.<a href="#cite_note-405">[401]</a> Theatre director <a href="/wiki/Oskaras_Kor%C5%A1unovas" title="Oskaras Koršunovas">Oskaras Koršunovas</a> was awarded the Swedish Commander Grand Cross – the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Polar_Star" title="Order of the Polar Star">Order of the Polar Star</a>.<a href="#cite_note-406">[402]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Cinema">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lithuania" title="Cinema of Lithuania">Cinema of Lithuania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kinas_Romuva.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Kinas_Romuva.JPG/220px-Kinas_Romuva.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Kinas_Romuva.JPG/330px-Kinas_Romuva.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Kinas_Romuva.JPG/440px-Kinas_Romuva.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Romuva_Cinema" title="Romuva Cinema">Romuva Cinema</a>, the oldest still operational <a href="/wiki/Movie_theater" title="Movie theater">cinema</a> in Lithuania</figcaption></figure> On 28 July 1896, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a> live photography session was held in the Concerts Hall of the <a href="/wiki/Botanical_Garden_of_Vilnius_University" title="Botanical Garden of Vilnius University">Botanical Garden of Vilnius University</a>. After a year, similar American movies were available with the addition of special <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">phonograph records</a> that also provided sound. In 1909, Lithuanian cinema pioneers <a href="/wiki/Antanas_Ra%C4%8Di%C5%ABnas" title="Antanas Račiūnas">Antanas Račiūnas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ladislas_Starevich" title="Ladislas Starevich">Ladislas Starevich</a> released their first movies. Soon the Račiūnas' recordings of Lithuania's views became very popular among the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Americans" title="Lithuanian Americans">Lithuanian Americans</a> abroad. In 1925, Pranas Valuskis filmed movie Naktis Lietuvoje (Night in Lithuania) about <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_book_smugglers" title="Lithuanian book smugglers">Lithuanian book smugglers</a> that left the first bright Lithuanian footprint in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(film_industry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood (film industry)">Hollywood</a>. The most significant and mature Lithuanian American movie of the time Aukso žąsis (Golden goose) was created in 1965 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Birut%C4%97_P%C5%ABkelevi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birutė Pūkelevičiūtė (page does not exist)">Birutė Pūkelevičiūtė</a> [<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birut%C4%97_P%C5%ABkelevi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97" class="extiw" title="lt:Birutė Pūkelevičiūtė">lt</a>] that featured motifs from the <a href="/wiki/Brothers_Grimm" title="Brothers Grimm">Brothers Grimm</a> fairy tales. In 1940, <a href="/wiki/Romuva_Cinema" title="Romuva Cinema">Romuva Cinema</a> was opened in <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a> and currently is the oldest still operational cinema in Lithuania. After the occupation of the state, movies mostly were used for the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet propaganda">Soviet propaganda</a> purposes, nevertheless Almantas Grikevičius, Gytis Lukšas, Henrikas Šablevičius, Arūnas Žebriūnas, Raimondas Vabalas were able to overcome the obstacles and create valuable films. After the restoration of the independence, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ar%C5%ABnas_Bartas" title="Šarūnas Bartas">Šarūnas Bartas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audrius_Stonys" title="Audrius Stonys">Audrius Stonys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ar%C5%ABnas_Matelis" title="Arūnas Matelis">Arūnas Matelis</a>, Audrius Juzėnas, <a href="/wiki/Algimantas_Puipa" title="Algimantas Puipa">Algimantas Puipa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Janina_Lapinskait%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janina Lapinskaitė (page does not exist)">Janina Lapinskaitė</a> [<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janina_Lapinskait%C4%97" class="extiw" title="lt:Janina Lapinskaitė">lt</a>], Dijana and her husband Kornelijus Matuzevičius received success in international movie festivals.<a href="#cite_note-407">[403]</a> In 2018, 4,265,414 cinema tickets were sold in Lithuania with the average price of €5.26.<a href="#cite_note-408">[404]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania" title="Music of Lithuania">Music of Lithuania</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_folk_music" title="Lithuanian folk music">Lithuanian folk music</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Skamba_skamba_kankliai_2010_-_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Skamba_skamba_kankliai_2010_-_12.jpg/200px-Skamba_skamba_kankliai_2010_-_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Skamba_skamba_kankliai_2010_-_12.jpg/300px-Skamba_skamba_kankliai_2010_-_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Skamba_skamba_kankliai_2010_-_12.jpg/400px-Skamba_skamba_kankliai_2010_-_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Dainu_svente_2009-07-06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dainu_svente_2009-07-06.jpg/200px-Dainu_svente_2009-07-06.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dainu_svente_2009-07-06.jpg/300px-Dainu_svente_2009-07-06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dainu_svente_2009-07-06.jpg/400px-Dainu_svente_2009-07-06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2534" data-file-height="1698" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left/right/center">Lithuanians dancing at Skamba skamba kankliai festival and singing at <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Song_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Song Festival">Lithuanian Song and Dance Festival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vingis_Park" title="Vingis Park">Vingis Park</a></div></div></div></div> Lithuanian folk music belongs to <a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic</a> music branch which is connected with <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">neolithic</a> <a href="/wiki/Corded_ware" class="mw-redirect" title="Corded ware">corded ware</a> culture. Two instrument cultures meet in the areas inhabited by Lithuanians: stringed (<a href="/wiki/Kankl%C4%97s" title="Kanklės">kanklių</a>) and wind instrument cultures. Lithuanian folk music is archaic, mostly used for ritual purposes, containing elements of <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">paganism</a> faith. There are three ancient styles of singing in Lithuania connected with ethnographical regions: <a href="/wiki/Monophony" title="Monophony">monophony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heterophony" title="Heterophony">heterophony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polyphony" title="Polyphony">polyphony</a>. Folk song genres: Sutartinės (Multipart Songs),<a href="#cite_note-409">[405]</a> Wedding Songs, War-Historical Time Songs, Calendar Cycle and Ritual Songs and Work Songs.<a href="#cite_note-410">[406]</a> Italian artists organized the first <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> in Lithuania on 4 September 1636 at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Grand_Dukes_of_Lithuania" title="Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania">Palace of the Grand Dukes</a> by the order of <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_IV_Vasa" title="Władysław IV Vasa">Władysław IV Vasa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-411">[407]</a> Currently, operas are staged at the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Opera_and_Ballet_Theatre" title="Lithuanian National Opera and Ballet Theatre">Lithuanian National Opera and Ballet Theatre</a> and also by independent troupe <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_City_Opera" title="Vilnius City Opera">Vilnius City Opera</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis_photo_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis_photo_portrait.jpg/150px-Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis_photo_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis_photo_portrait.jpg/225px-Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis_photo_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis_photo_portrait.jpg/300px-Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis_photo_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1135" data-file-height="1621" /></a><figcaption>Painter and composer <a href="/wiki/Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis" title="Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis">M.K. Čiurlionis</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis" title="Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis">Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis</a> was a Lithuanian painter and composer. During his short life he created about 200 pieces of music. His works have influenced modern Lithuanian culture. His <a href="/wiki/Symphonic_poem" title="Symphonic poem">symphonic poems</a> In the Forest (Miške) and The Sea (Jūra) were performed only <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_work" class="mw-redirect" title="Posthumous work">posthumously</a>. Čiurlionis contributed to symbolism and art nouveau and was representative of the fin de siècle epoch. He has been considered one of the pioneers of abstract art in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-412">[408]</a> In Lithuania, <a href="/wiki/Choral_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Choral music">choral music</a> is important. <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> is the only city with three choirs laureates (Brevis, Jauna Muzika and Chamber Choir of the Conservatoire) at the <a href="/wiki/European_Grand_Prix_for_Choral_Singing" title="European Grand Prix for Choral Singing">European Grand Prix for Choral Singing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-413">[409]</a> There is a long-standing tradition of the Dainų šventė (<a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Song_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Song Festival">Lithuanian Song and Dance Festival</a>). The first one took place in <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a> in 1924. Since 1990, the festival has been organised every four years and summons roughly 30,000 singers and folk dancers of various professional levels and age groups from across the country.<a href="#cite_note-414">[410]</a> In 2008, Lithuanian Song and Dance Festival together with its <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Song_and_Dance_Festival" title="Latvian Song and Dance Festival">Latvian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Song_Festival" title="Estonian Song Festival">Estonian</a> versions was inscribed as UNESCO <a href="/wiki/Masterpieces_of_the_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity" title="Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity">Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-415">[411]</a> Gatvės muzikos diena (Street Music Day) gathers musicians of various genres annually.<a href="#cite_note-416">[412]</a> Modern classical composers emerged in seventies – <a href="/wiki/Bronius_Kutavi%C4%8Dius" title="Bronius Kutavičius">Bronius Kutavičius</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feliksas_Bajoras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feliksas Bajoras (page does not exist)">Feliksas Bajoras</a> [<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feliksas_Bajoras" class="extiw" title="lt:Feliksas Bajoras">lt</a>], <a href="/wiki/Osvaldas_Balakauskas" title="Osvaldas Balakauskas">Osvaldas Balakauskas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onut%C4%97_Narbutait%C4%97" title="Onutė Narbutaitė">Onutė Narbutaitė</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vidmantas_Bartulis" title="Vidmantas Bartulis">Vidmantas Bartulis</a> and others. Most of those composers explored archaic Lithuanian music and its harmonic combination with modern minimalism and neoromanticism.<a href="#cite_note-417">[413]</a> Jazz scene was active even during the years of Soviet occupation. In 1970–71 the Ganelin/Tarasov/Chekasin trio established the Vilnius Jazz School.<a href="#cite_note-418">[414]</a> Most known annual events are <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_Jazz_Festival" title="Vilnius Jazz Festival">Vilnius Jazz Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaunas_Jazz" title="Kaunas Jazz">Kaunas Jazz</a>, Birštonas Jazz. <a href="/wiki/Music_Information_Centre_Lithuania" title="Music Information Centre Lithuania">Music Information Centre Lithuania</a> (MICL) collects, promotes and shares information on Lithuanian musical culture. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rock_and_protest_music">Rock and protest music</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Rock and protest music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Lithuania" title="Rock music in Lithuania">Rock music in Lithuania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antis_rock_band_on_stage_during_the_first_edition_of_the_Rock_March_(Vilnius,_Lithuania,_1987).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Antis_rock_band_on_stage_during_the_first_edition_of_the_Rock_March_%28Vilnius%2C_Lithuania%2C_1987%29.jpg/220px-Antis_rock_band_on_stage_during_the_first_edition_of_the_Rock_March_%28Vilnius%2C_Lithuania%2C_1987%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Antis_rock_band_on_stage_during_the_first_edition_of_the_Rock_March_%28Vilnius%2C_Lithuania%2C_1987%29.jpg/330px-Antis_rock_band_on_stage_during_the_first_edition_of_the_Rock_March_%28Vilnius%2C_Lithuania%2C_1987%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Antis_rock_band_on_stage_during_the_first_edition_of_the_Rock_March_%28Vilnius%2C_Lithuania%2C_1987%29.jpg/440px-Antis_rock_band_on_stage_during_the_first_edition_of_the_Rock_March_%28Vilnius%2C_Lithuania%2C_1987%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2431" data-file-height="1626" /></a><figcaption>Rock band <a href="/wiki/Antis_(band)" title="Antis (band)">Antis</a>, which under firm <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Censorship in the Soviet Union">censorship</a> actively mocked the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> regime by using <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphors</a> in their lyrics, during an <a href="/wiki/Anti-Sovietism" title="Anti-Sovietism">anti-Sovietism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">anti-communism</a> concert in 1987</figcaption></figure> After the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1944)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944)">Soviet reoccupation of Lithuania in 1944</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Censorship in the Soviet Union">Soviet's censorship</a> continued firmly controlling all artistic expressions in Lithuania, and any violations by criticizing the regime would immediately result in punishments.<a href="#cite_note-419">[415]</a> The first local rock bands started to emerge around 1965 and included Kertukai, Aitvarai and Nuogi ant slenksčio in Kaunas, and <a href="/wiki/K%C4%99stutis_Antan%C4%97lis" title="Kęstutis Antanėlis">Kęstutis Antanėlis</a>, Vienuoliai, and Gėlių Vaikai in Vilnius, among others. Unable to express their opinions directly, the Lithuanian artists began organizing patriotic <a href="/wiki/Roko_mar%C5%A1as" title="Roko maršas">Roko Maršai</a> and were using <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphors</a> in their songs' lyrics, which were easily identified for their true meanings by the locals.<a href="#cite_note-420">[416]</a><a href="#cite_note-421">[417]</a> <a href="/wiki/Postmodernist" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmodernist">Postmodernist</a> <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> band <a href="/wiki/Antis_(band)" title="Antis (band)">Antis</a> and its vocalist <a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Kau%C5%A1p%C4%97das" title="Algirdas Kaušpėdas">Algirdas Kaušpėdas</a> were one of the most active performers who mocked the Soviet regime by using metaphors. For example, in the song Zombiai (Zombies), the band indirectly sang about the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> soldiers who occupied the state and its military base in <a href="/wiki/Ukmerg%C4%97" title="Ukmergė">Ukmergė</a>.<a href="#cite_note-422">[418]</a><a href="#cite_note-423">[419]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Kernagis" title="Vytautas Kernagis">Vytautas Kernagis</a>' song Kolorado vabalai (<a href="/wiki/Colorado_potato_beetle" title="Colorado potato beetle">Colorado beetles</a>) was also a favourite due to its lyrics in which true meaning of the Colorado beetles was intended to be the Soviets decorated with the <a href="/wiki/Ribbon_of_Saint_George" title="Ribbon of Saint George">Ribbons of Saint George</a>.<a href="#cite_note-424">[420]</a> In the early independence years, rock band <a href="/wiki/Foje" title="Foje">Foje</a> was particularly popular and gathered tens of thousands of spectators to the concerts.<a href="#cite_note-425">[421]</a> After disbanding in 1997, Foje vocalist <a href="/wiki/Andrius_Mamontovas" title="Andrius Mamontovas">Andrius Mamontovas</a> remained one of the most prominent Lithuanian performers and an active participant in various <a href="/wiki/Charity_(practice)" title="Charity (practice)">charity</a> events.<a href="#cite_note-426">[422]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marijonas_Mikutavi%C4%8Dius" title="Marijonas Mikutavičius">Marijonas Mikutavičius</a> is famous for creating unofficial Lithuania sport anthem Trys milijonai (Three millions) and official anthem of the <a href="/wiki/EuroBasket_2011" title="EuroBasket 2011">EuroBasket 2011</a> Nebetyli sirgaliai (English version was named Celebrate Basketball).<a href="#cite_note-427">[423]</a><a href="#cite_note-428">[424]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Cuisine">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cuisine" title="Lithuanian cuisine">Lithuanian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juoda_duona.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Juoda_duona.JPG/180px-Juoda_duona.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Juoda_duona.JPG/270px-Juoda_duona.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Juoda_duona.JPG/360px-Juoda_duona.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3247" data-file-height="2071" /></a><figcaption>Lithuanian dark <a href="/wiki/Rye_bread" title="Rye bread">rye bread</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karm%C4%97lavos_Cepelinas.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Karm%C4%97lavos_Cepelinas.JPG/180px-Karm%C4%97lavos_Cepelinas.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Karm%C4%97lavos_Cepelinas.JPG/270px-Karm%C4%97lavos_Cepelinas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Karm%C4%97lavos_Cepelinas.JPG/360px-Karm%C4%97lavos_Cepelinas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cepelinai" title="Cepelinai">Cepelinai</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potato</a>-based dumpling dish characteristic of <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cuisine" title="Lithuanian cuisine">Lithuanian cuisine</a> with meat, <a href="/wiki/Curd" title="Curd">curd</a> or mushrooms</figcaption></figure> Lithuanian cuisine features the products suited to the cool and <a href="/wiki/Maritime_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime climate">moist</a> <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">northern climate</a> of Lithuania: <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beet" class="mw-redirect" title="Beet">beets</a>, greens, berries, and <a href="/wiki/Mushroom" title="Mushroom">mushrooms</a> are locally grown, and dairy products are one of its specialties. <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">Fish</a> dishes are very popular in the coastal region.<a href="#cite_note-429">[425]</a> Since it shares its climate and agricultural practices with Northern Europe, Lithuanian cuisine has some similarities to <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavian cuisine">Scandinavian cuisine</a>. Nevertheless, it has its own distinguishing features, which were formed by a variety of influences during the country's long and difficult history. Dairy products are an important part of traditional Lithuanian cuisine. These include white cottage cheese (varškės sūris), curd (varškė), soured milk (rūgpienis), sour cream (grietinė), butter (sviestas), and sour cream butter kastinis. Traditional meat products are usually seasoned, matured and smoked – smoked sausages (dešros), lard (lašiniai), <a href="/wiki/Skilandis" title="Skilandis">skilandis</a>, smoked ham (kumpis). Soups (sriubos) – boletus soup (baravykų sriuba), cabbage soup (kopūstų sriuba), beer soup (alaus sriuba), milk soup (pieniška sriuba), cold-beet soup (šaltibarščiai) and various kinds of porridges (košės) are part of tradition and daily diet. Freshwater fish, herring, wild berries and mushrooms, honey are highly popular diet to this day.<a href="#cite_note-430">[426]</a><a href="#cite_note-431">[427]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bir%C5%BE%C5%B3_1686_Jubiliejinis_Alus_(9834933134).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bir%C5%BE%C5%B3_1686_Jubiliejinis_Alus_%289834933134%29.jpg/140px-Bir%C5%BE%C5%B3_1686_Jubiliejinis_Alus_%289834933134%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bir%C5%BE%C5%B3_1686_Jubiliejinis_Alus_%289834933134%29.jpg/210px-Bir%C5%BE%C5%B3_1686_Jubiliejinis_Alus_%289834933134%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bir%C5%BE%C5%B3_1686_Jubiliejinis_Alus_%289834933134%29.jpg/280px-Bir%C5%BE%C5%B3_1686_Jubiliejinis_Alus_%289834933134%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Lithuania has longlasting <a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Lithuania" title="Beer in Lithuania">beer brewing traditions</a>.</figcaption></figure> One of the oldest and most fundamental Lithuanian food products was and is rye bread. Rye bread is eaten every day for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Bread played an important role in family rituals and agrarian ceremonies.<a href="#cite_note-432">[428]</a> Lithuanians and other nations that once formed part of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a> share many dishes and beverages. <a href="/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">German traditions</a> also influenced Lithuanian cuisine, introducing pork and potato dishes, such as potato pudding (kugelis or kugel) and <a href="/wiki/Kishka_(food)" title="Kishka (food)">potato sausages</a> (vėdarai), as well as the baroque tree cake known as <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0akotis" title="Šakotis">Šakotis</a>. The most exotic of all the influences is Eastern (Karaite) cuisine – the <a href="/wiki/Kibinai" title="Kibinai">kibinai</a> are popular in Lithuania. Lithuanian noblemen usually hired French chefs, so <a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French cuisine</a> influence came to Lithuania in this way.<a href="#cite_note-433">[429]</a> <a href="/wiki/Balts" title="Balts">Balts</a> were using <a href="/wiki/Mead" title="Mead">mead</a> (<a href="/wiki/Midus" title="Midus">midus</a>) for thousands of years.<a href="#cite_note-434">[430]</a> Beer (alus) is the most common alcoholic beverage. Lithuania has a long farmhouse <a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Lithuania" title="Beer in Lithuania">beer tradition</a>, first mentioned in 11th century chronicles. Beer was brewed for ancient Baltic <a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">festivities</a> and rituals.<a href="#cite_note-435">[431]</a> Farmhouse brewing survived to a greater extent in Lithuania than anywhere else, and through accidents of history the Lithuanians then developed a commercial brewing culture from their unique farmhouse traditions.<a href="#cite_note-436">[432]</a><a href="#cite_note-437">[433]</a> Lithuania is top 5 by consumption of beer per capita in Europe in 2015, counting 75 active breweries, 32 of them are microbreweries.<a href="#cite_note-438">[434]</a> The microbrewery scene in Lithuania has grown, with a number of bars focusing on these beers opening in Vilnius and other parts of the country.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Eight Lithuanian restaurants are listed in the White Guide Baltic Top 30.<a href="#cite_note-439">[435]</a> The local „30 geriausių restoranų” guide lists top domestic places,<a href="#cite_note-440">[436]</a> and Lithuanian restaurants will appear in the <a href="/wiki/Michelin_Guide" title="Michelin Guide">Michelin Guide</a> on 13 June 2024.<a href="#cite_note-441">[437]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Lithuania" title="Mass media in Lithuania">Mass media in Lithuania</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Lithuania" title="Constitution of Lithuania">Constitution of Lithuania</a> provides for <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">press</a>, and the government generally respects these rights in practice. An independent press, an effective judiciary, and a functioning democratic political system combine to promote these freedoms. However, the constitutional definition of freedom of expression does not protect certain acts, such as incitement to national, racial, religious, or social hatred, violence and discrimination, or slander, and disinformation. It is a crime to deny or "grossly trivialize" Soviet or Nazi German crimes against Lithuania or its citizens, or to deny genocide, <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a>, or <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-442">[438]</a> In 2021, the best-selling daily national newspapers in Lithuania were <a href="/wiki/Lietuvos_rytas" title="Lietuvos rytas">Lietuvos rytas</a> (5.4% of all weekly <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_India_by_readership#Readership_vs_Circulation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of newspapers in India by readership">readers</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vakaro_%C5%BEinios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vakaro žinios (page does not exist)">Vakaro žinios</a> [<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakaro_%C5%BEinios" class="extiw" title="lt:Vakaro žinios">lt</a>] (3.2%), <a href="/wiki/Kauno_diena" title="Kauno diena">Kauno diena</a> (2.9%). Best-selling weekly newspapers were <a href="/w/index.php?title=Savait%C4%97_(1999)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Savaitė (1999) (page does not exist)">Savaitė</a> [<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savait%C4%97_(1999)" class="extiw" title="lt:Savaitė (1999)">lt</a>] (16.5%), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDmon%C4%97s_(%C5%BEurnalas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Žmonės (žurnalas) (page does not exist)">Žmonės</a> [<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDmon%C4%97s_(%C5%BEurnalas)" class="extiw" title="lt:Žmonės (žurnalas)">lt</a>] (8.4%), Prie kavos (4.1%), <a href="/wiki/Lietuvos_rytas" title="Lietuvos rytas">Savaitgalis</a> (3.9%) and <a href="/wiki/Verslo_%C5%BEinios" title="Verslo žinios">Verslo žinios</a> (3.2%).<a href="#cite_note-Kantar21-443">[439]</a> In 2021, the most popular national <a href="/wiki/Television_channel" title="Television channel">television channels</a> in Lithuania were <a href="/wiki/TV3_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="TV3 Lithuania">TV3</a> (34.6% of the daily audience), <a href="/wiki/LNK_(television_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="LNK (television station)">LNK</a> (32.3%), <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">Lithuanian National Radio and Television</a> (31.6%), <a href="/wiki/BTV_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="BTV (Lithuania)">BTV</a> (17.3%), <a href="/wiki/Lietuvos_rytas_TV" title="Lietuvos rytas TV">Lietuvos rytas TV</a> (16.2%), <a href="/wiki/TV6_(Lithuanian_TV_channel)" title="TV6 (Lithuanian TV channel)">TV6</a> (15.3%).<a href="#cite_note-Kantar21-443">[439]</a> The most popular <a href="/wiki/Radio_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio station">radio stations</a> in Lithuania were <a href="/wiki/M-1_(Lithuanian_radio_station)" title="M-1 (Lithuanian radio station)">M-1</a> (14.5% of daily listeners), Lietus (12.7%), <a href="/wiki/Radiocentras_(Lithuanian_radio_station)" title="Radiocentras (Lithuanian radio station)">Radiocentras</a> (9.1%) and <a href="/wiki/LRT_Radijas" title="LRT Radijas">LRT Radijas</a> (8.5%).<a href="#cite_note-Kantar21-443">[439]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_holidays_and_festivals">Public holidays and festivals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Public holidays and festivals">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Lithuania" title="Public holidays in Lithuania">Public holidays in Lithuania</a></div> As a result of a thousand-years history, Lithuania has two <a href="/wiki/National_day" title="National day">National days</a>. The first one is the <a href="/wiki/Statehood_Day_(Lithuania)" title="Statehood Day (Lithuania)">Statehood Day</a> on 6 July, marking the establishment of the medieval <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania" title="Kingdom of Lithuania">Kingdom of Lithuania</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mindaugas" title="Mindaugas">Mindaugas</a> in 1253. The creation of modern Lithuanian state is commemorated on 16 February as a <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Independence_of_Lithuania" title="Act of Independence of Lithuania">Lithuanian State Reestablishment Day</a> on which declaration of independence from Russia and Germany was declared in 1918. <a href="/wiki/Jonin%C4%97s" class="mw-redirect" title="Joninės">Joninės</a> (previously known as Rasos) is a public holiday with <a href="/wiki/Pagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan">paganic</a> roots that celebrates a <a href="/wiki/Solstice" title="Solstice">solstice</a>. As of 2018, there are 13 public holidays (which come with a day off).<a href="#cite_note-444">[440]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kaziuko_mug%C4%97" title="Kaziuko mugė">Kaziuko mugė</a> is an annual <a href="/wiki/Fair" title="Fair">fair</a> held since the beginning of the 17th century that commemorates the anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Casimir" title="Saint Casimir">Saint Casimir</a>'s death and gathers thousands of visitors and many craftsmen. Other notable festivals are <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_International_Film_Festival" title="Vilnius International Film Festival">Vilnius International Film Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kauno_Miesto_Diena" title="Kauno Miesto Diena">Kauno Miesto Diena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Sea_Festival" title="Klaipėda Sea Festival">Klaipėda Sea Festival</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mados_infekcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mados infekcija (page does not exist)">Mados infekcija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_Book_Fair" title="Vilnius Book Fair">Vilnius Book Fair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_Marathon" title="Vilnius Marathon">Vilnius Marathon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devilstone_Open_Air" title="Devilstone Open Air">Devilstone Open Air</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apuol%C4%97_854&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apuolė 854 (page does not exist)">Apuolė 854</a> [<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apuol%C4%97_854" class="extiw" title="lt:Apuolė 854">lt</a>], <a href="/wiki/Great_%C5%BDemai%C4%8Di%C5%B3_Kalvarija_Festival" title="Great Žemaičių Kalvarija Festival">Great Žemaičių Kalvarija Festival</a>. <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:100%; text-align:left"> <th style="width: 17em" colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Lithuania" title="Public holidays in Lithuania">Public holidays in Lithuania</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Date</th> <th>English name</th> <th>Local name</th> <th>Remarks </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 January</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a></td> <td>Naujųjų metų diena</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 February</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Independence_of_Lithuania" title="Act of Independence of Lithuania">Day of Restoration of the State of Lithuania (1918)</a></td> <td>Lietuvos valstybės atkūrimo diena</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 March</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">Day of Restoration of Independence of Lithuania (1990)</a></td> <td>Lietuvos nepriklausomybės atkūrimo diena</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moveable_feast" title="Moveable feast">Moveable</a> Sunday</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Sunday">Easter Sunday</a></td> <td>Velykos</td> <td>Commemorates resurrection of Jesus. The first Sunday after the full moon that occurs on or soonest after 21 March. </td></tr> <tr> <td>The day after <a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Sunday">Easter Sunday</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a></td> <td>Antroji Velykų diena</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 May</td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">International Workers' Day</a></td> <td>Tarptautinė darbo diena</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Sunday in May</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mother%27s_Day" title="Mother's Day">Mother's Day</a></td> <td>Motinos diena</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Sunday in June</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Father%27s_Day" title="Father's Day">Father's Day</a></td> <td>Tėvo diena</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 June</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nativity of Saint John the Baptist">St. John's Day</a> / Day of Dew</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jonin%C4%97s" class="mw-redirect" title="Joninės">Joninės</a> / Rasos</td> <td>Celebrated according to mostly pagan traditions (<a href="/wiki/Midsummer_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Midsummer Day">Midsummer Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Jonas_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Jonas Day">Saint Jonas Day</a>). </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 July</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Statehood_Day_(Lithuania)" title="Statehood Day (Lithuania)">Statehood Day</a></td> <td>Valstybės (Lietuvos karaliaus Mindaugo karūnavimo) ir Tautiškos giesmės diena</td> <td>Celebrates the 1253 coronation of <a href="/wiki/Mindaugas" title="Mindaugas">Mindaugas</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/King_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Lithuania">King of Lithuania</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Tauti%C5%A1ka_giesm%C4%97" title="Tautiška giesmė">national anthem</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lithuania</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 August</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption Day</a></td> <td>Žolinė (Švenčiausios Mergelės Marijos ėmimo į dangų diena)</td> <td>Also marked according to pagan traditions, celebrating the goddess <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDemyna" title="Žemyna">Žemyna</a> and noting the mid-August as the middle between summer and autumn. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 November</td> <td><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day</a></td> <td>Visų šventųjų diena</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a> is increasingly popular and is also informally celebrated on the eve (31 October). </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 November</td> <td><a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a></td> <td>Mirusiųjų atminimo (Vėlinių) diena</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 December</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a></td> <td>Kūčios</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 and 26 December</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas Day">Christmas Day</a></td> <td>Kalėdos</td> <td>Commemorates birth of Jesus. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Lithuania" title="Sport in Lithuania">Sport in Lithuania</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> is the most popular and <a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">national sport</a> of Lithuania. The <a href="/wiki/Lithuania_men%27s_national_basketball_team" title="Lithuania men's national basketball team">Lithuania national basketball team</a> has won the <a href="/wiki/EuroBasket" title="EuroBasket">EuroBasket</a> on three occasions (<a href="/wiki/Eurobasket_1937" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurobasket 1937">1937</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurobasket_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurobasket 1939">1939</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurobasket_2003" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurobasket 2003">2003</a>), as well a total of 8 other medals in the Eurobasket, the <a href="/wiki/FIBA_World_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="FIBA World Championship">World Championships</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Basketball_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Basketball at the Summer Olympics">Olympic Games</a>. 76% of the country's population watched the men's national team games live in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-445">[441]</a> Lithuania hosted the Eurobasket in 1939 and <a href="/wiki/Eurobasket_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurobasket 2011">2011</a>. The historic Lithuanian basketball team <a href="/wiki/BC_%C5%BDalgiris" title="BC Žalgiris">BC Žalgiris</a>, from Kaunas, won the European basketball league <a href="/wiki/Euroleague" class="mw-redirect" title="Euroleague">Euroleague</a> in 1999. Lithuania has <a href="/wiki/List_of_Lithuanian_NBA_players" title="List of Lithuanian NBA players">produced a number</a> of <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a> players, including <a href="/wiki/Naismith_Memorial_Basketball_Hall_of_Fame" title="Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame">Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame</a> inductees <a href="/wiki/Arvydas_Sabonis" title="Arvydas Sabonis">Arvydas Sabonis</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ar%C5%ABnas_Mar%C4%8Diulionis" title="Šarūnas Marčiulionis">Šarūnas Marčiulionis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-446">[442]</a> and current NBA players <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Valan%C4%8Di%C5%ABnas" title="Jonas Valančiūnas">Jonas Valančiūnas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domantas_Sabonis" title="Domantas Sabonis">Domantas Sabonis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-447">[443]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_selecci%C3%B3n_de_Lituania_celebra_su_tercer_puesto_en_el_Mundial_de_baloncesto_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/La_selecci%C3%B3n_de_Lituania_celebra_su_tercer_puesto_en_el_Mundial_de_baloncesto_2010.jpg/220px-La_selecci%C3%B3n_de_Lituania_celebra_su_tercer_puesto_en_el_Mundial_de_baloncesto_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/La_selecci%C3%B3n_de_Lituania_celebra_su_tercer_puesto_en_el_Mundial_de_baloncesto_2010.jpg/330px-La_selecci%C3%B3n_de_Lituania_celebra_su_tercer_puesto_en_el_Mundial_de_baloncesto_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/La_selecci%C3%B3n_de_Lituania_celebra_su_tercer_puesto_en_el_Mundial_de_baloncesto_2010.jpg/440px-La_selecci%C3%B3n_de_Lituania_celebra_su_tercer_puesto_en_el_Mundial_de_baloncesto_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4478" data-file-height="3214" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lithuania_men%27s_national_basketball_team" title="Lithuania men's national basketball team">Lithuania men's national basketball team</a> is ranked eighth worldwide in <a href="/wiki/FIBA_Rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="FIBA Rankings">FIBA Rankings</a>.</figcaption></figure> Lithuania has won a total of <a href="/wiki/Lithuania_at_the_Olympics" title="Lithuania at the Olympics">26 medals at the Olympic Games</a>, including 6 gold medals in <a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">athletics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_pentathlon" title="Modern pentathlon">modern pentathlon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shooting_sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting sport">shooting</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">swimming</a>. Other Lithuanians won Olympic medals representing Soviet Union. <a href="/wiki/Discus_throw" title="Discus throw">Discus thrower</a> <a href="/wiki/Virgilijus_Alekna" title="Virgilijus Alekna">Virgilijus Alekna</a> is the most successful Olympic athlete of independent Lithuania, having won gold medals in the <a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">2000 Sydney</a> and <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Athens</a> games, as well as a bronze in <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</a> and numerous <a href="/wiki/IAAF_World_Championships_in_Athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="IAAF World Championships in Athletics">World Championship</a> medals. More recently, a gold medal was won by 15-year-old swimmer <a href="/wiki/R%C5%ABta_Meilutyt%C4%97" title="Rūta Meilutytė">Rūta Meilutytė</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a> in London, and sparked a rise in popularity for the sport in Lithuania.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Lithuania hosted the <a href="/wiki/2021_FIFA_Futsal_World_Cup" title="2021 FIFA Futsal World Cup">2021 FIFA Futsal World Cup</a>, the first time Lithuania had hosted a FIFA tournament.<a href="#cite_note-448">[444]</a> Few Lithuanian athletes have found success in <a href="/wiki/Winter_sports" title="Winter sports">winter sports</a>, although facilities are provided by several ice rinks and skiing slopes, including <a href="/wiki/Snow_Arena" title="Snow Arena">Snow Arena</a>, the first indoor ski slope in the <a href="/wiki/Baltics" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltics">Baltics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-449">[445]</a> In 2018 <a href="/wiki/Lithuania_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Lithuania men's national ice hockey team">Lithuania men's national ice hockey team</a> won gold medals at the <a href="/wiki/2018_IIHF_World_Championship_Division_I" title="2018 IIHF World Championship Division I">2018 IIHF World Championship Division I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-450">[446]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/48px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/64px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Lithuania" title="Portal:Lithuania">Lithuania portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Lithuania-related_articles" title="Index of Lithuania-related articles">Index of Lithuania-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lithuanians" title="List of Lithuanians">List of Lithuanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Lithuania" title="Outline of Lithuania">Outline of Lithuania</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Lithuania uses <a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">ISO 8601</a> standard for date and time. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌlɪθjuˈeɪniə/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/71\/Lithuania_pronunciation_RP.ogg\/Lithuania_pronunciation_RP.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Lithuania pronunciation RP.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/Lithuania_pronunciation_RP.ogg/Lithuania_pronunciation_RP.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuania_pronunciation_RP.ogg" title="File:Lithuania pronunciation RP.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">LITH-ew-AY-nee-ə</a>;<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>: Lietuva <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">[lʲiətʊˈvɐ]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublika <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">[lʲiətʊˈvoːs rʲɛsˈpʊblʲɪkɐ]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-location-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-location_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-location_28-1">b</a> Various sources classify Lithuania differently for statistical and other purposes. For example, United Nations,<a href="#cite_note-UN-20">[17]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurovoc" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurovoc">Eurovoc</a> (which additionally classifies Lithuania as central and eastern European country),<a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a> among others, classify it as northern Europe. The <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="European Bank for Reconstruction and Development">European Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Encyclopedia" title="Columbia Encyclopedia">Columbia Encyclopedia</a> place Lithuania in central Europe.<a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a> The <a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA-25">[22]</a> classifies it as eastern Europe, and <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> locates it in northeastern Europe.<a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a> Usage varies greatly, and controversially,<a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> in press sources. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Lithuania_2006.pdf">"Lithuania's Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 2019"</a> (PDF). Constitute Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210221121506/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Lithuania_2006.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Constitute+Project&rft.atitle=Lithuania%27s+Constitution+of+1992+with+Amendments+through+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.constituteproject.org%2Fconstitution%2FLithuania_2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize">"Rodiklių duomenų bazė - Oficialiosios statistikos portalas"</a>. osp.stat.gov.lt.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=osp.stat.gov.lt&rft.atitle=Rodikli%C5%B3+duomen%C5%B3+baz%C4%97+-+Oficialiosios+statistikos+portalas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosp.stat.gov.lt%2Fen%2Fstatistiniu-rodikliu-analize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-religion-stats-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-religion-stats_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-religion-stats_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-religion-stats_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osp.stat.gov.lt/lt/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?hash=dadee47b-9204-48d2-a55e-e125d581f1b6#/">"Population by religious community indicated, municipalities (2021)"</a> (in Lithuanian). <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Statistics_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Statistics (Lithuania)">Statistics Lithuania</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220102180815/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/lt/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?hash=dadee47b-9204-48d2-a55e-e125d581f1b6#/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+by+religious+community+indicated%2C+municipalities+%282021%29&rft.pub=Statistics+Lithuania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosp.stat.gov.lt%2Flt%2Fstatistiniu-rodikliu-analize%3Fhash%3Ddadee47b-9204-48d2-a55e-e125d581f1b6%23%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lina-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lina_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lina_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKulikauskienė2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kulikauskienė, Lina (2002). Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucija [The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania] (in Lithuanian). Native History, CD. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9986-9216-7-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-9986-9216-7-7"><bdi>978-9986-9216-7-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lietuvos+Respublikos+Konstitucija&rft.pub=Native+History%2C+CD.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-9986-9216-7-7&rft.aulast=Kulikauskien%C4%97&rft.aufirst=Lina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeser1997" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Veser, Ernst (23 September 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210424202059/https://www.rchss.sinica.edu.tw/publication/ebook/journal/11-01-1999/11_1_2.pdf">"Semi-Presidentialism-Duverger's Concept – A New Political System Model"</a> (PDF) (in English and Chinese). Department of Education, School of Education, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cologne" title="University of Cologne">University of Cologne</a>. pp. 39–60. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rchss.sinica.edu.tw/publication/ebook/journal/11-01-1999/11_1_2.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2017. <q>Duhamel has developed the approach further: He stresses that the French construction does not correspond to either parliamentary or the presidential form of government, and then develops the distinction of 'système politique' and 'régime constitutionnel'. While the former comprises the exercise of power that results from the dominant institutional practice, the latter is the totality of the rules for the dominant institutional practice of the power. In this way, France appears as 'presidentialist system' endowed with a 'semi-presidential regime' (1983: 587). 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French Politics. 3 (3). <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a> Journals: 323–351. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.fp.8200087">10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-3419">1476-3419</a>. <q>A pattern similar to the French case of compatible majorities alternating with periods of cohabitation emerged in Lithuania, where Talat-Kelpsa (2001) notes that the ability of the Lithuanian president to influence government formation and policy declined abruptly when he lost the sympathetic majority in parliament.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=French+Politics&rft.atitle=Semi-Presidential+Systems%3A+Dual+Executive+And+Mixed+Authority+Patterns&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E323-%3C%2Fspan%3E351&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fpalgrave.fp.8200087&rft.issn=1476-3419&rft.aulast=Shugart&rft.aufirst=Matthew+S%C3%B8berg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1057%252Fpalgrave.fp.8200087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-eurostat-news/-/edn-20180216-1">"Eurostat celebrates Lithuania". 16 February 2018.</a> <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>. 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Lithuanian Quarterly Journal of Arts and Sciences. 55 (3). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0024-5089">0024-5089</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lithuanian+Quarterly+Journal+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.atitle=On+the+Origin+of+the+Name+of+Lithuania&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=0024-5089&rft.aulast=Baranauskas&rft.aufirst=Tomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Vilnius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vilnius-tourism.lt/index.php/en/39453/">Key dates</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070117201537/http://www.vilnius-tourism.lt/index.php/en/39453/">Archived</a> 17 January 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on 18 January 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-VardasVle-32"><a href="#cite_ref-VardasVle_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZinkevičius" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Zigmas_Zinkevi%C4%8Dius" title="Zigmas Zinkevičius">Zinkevičius, Zigmas</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuvos-vardas/">"Lietuvos vardas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vle.lt" class="mw-redirect" title="Vle.lt">Vle.lt</a> (in Lithuanian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704040617/https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuvos-vardas/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vle.lt&rft.atitle=Lietuvos+vardas&rft.aulast=Zinkevi%C4%8Dius&rft.aufirst=Zigmas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Flietuvos-vardas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zigmas2-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Zigmas2_33-0">^</a> Zigmas Zinkevičius. Kelios mintys, kurios kyla skaitant Alfredo Bumblausko Senosios Lietuvos istoriją 1009-1795m. Voruta, 2005. </li> <li id="cite_note-Zigmas-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Zigmas_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZinkevičius1999" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zinkevičius, Zigmas (30 November 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220510083828/https://www.voruta.lt/archyvas/74/253">"Lietuvos vardo kilmė"</a>. Voruta (in Lithuanian). 3 (669). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1392-0677">1392-0677</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voruta.lt/archyvas/74/253">the original</a> on 10 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Voruta&rft.atitle=Lietuvos+vardo+kilm%C4%97&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=669&rft.date=1999-11-30&rft.issn=1392-0677&rft.aulast=Zinkevi%C4%8Dius&rft.aufirst=Zigmas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voruta.lt%2Farchyvas%2F74%2F253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubonis1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dubonis, Artūras (1998). Lietuvos didžiojo kunigaikščio leičiai: iš Lietuvos ankstyvųjų valstybinių struktūrų praeities Leičiai of Grand Duke of Lithuania: from the past of Lithuanian stative structures (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Lietuvos istorijos instituto leidykla.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lietuvos+did%C5%BEiojo+kunigaik%C5%A1%C4%8Dio+lei%C4%8Diai%3A+i%C5%A1+Lietuvos+ankstyv%C5%B3j%C5%B3+valstybini%C5%B3+strukt%C5%ABr%C5%B3+praeities+Lei%C4%8Diai+of+Grand+Duke+of+Lithuania%3A+from+the+past+of+Lithuanian+stative+structures&rft.place=Vilnius&rft.pub=Lietuvos+istorijos+instituto+leidykla&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Dubonis&rft.aufirst=Art%C5%ABras&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubonis2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dubonis, Artūras (30 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ldkistorija.lt/pasakojimai/leiciai/">"Leičiai | Orbis Lituaniae"</a>. LDKistorija.lt (in Lithuanian). <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_University" title="Vilnius University">Vilnius University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210713174930/https://ldkistorija.lt/pasakojimai/leiciai/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LDKistorija.lt&rft.atitle=Lei%C4%8Diai+%7C+Orbis+Lituaniae&rft.date=2020-04-30&rft.aulast=Dubonis&rft.aufirst=Art%C5%ABras&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fldkistorija.lt%2Fpasakojimai%2Fleiciai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFČeponisSakalauskas" class="citation book cs1">Čeponis, Tomas; Sakalauskas, Mindaugas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kam.lt/download/63818/lei%C4%8Diai%20bro%C5%A1i%C5%ABra%2020x20%20lt%20internetui.pdf">Leičiai</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defence_(Lithuania)" title="Ministry of National Defence (Lithuania)">Ministry of National Defence of Lithuania</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-609-412-143-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-609-412-143-2"><bdi>978-609-412-143-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 13 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lei%C4%8Diai&rft.place=Vilnius&rft.pub=Ministry+of+National+Defence+of+Lithuania&rft.isbn=978-609-412-143-2&rft.aulast=%C4%8Ceponis&rft.aufirst=Tomas&rft.au=Sakalauskas%2C+Mindaugas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkam.lt%2Fdownload%2F63818%2Flei%25C4%258Diai%2520bro%25C5%25A1i%25C5%25ABra%252020x20%2520lt%2520internetui.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatackas" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Patackas, Algirdas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210702013521/https://kultura.lrytas.lt/-12499654771249731456-lietuva-lieta-leitis-arba-k%C4%85-rei%C5%A1kia-%C5%BEodis-lietuva.htm">"Lietuva, Lieta, Leitis, arba ką reiškia žodis "Lietuva""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lrytas.lt" title="Lrytas.lt">Lrytas.lt</a> (in Lithuanian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kultura.lrytas.lt/-12499654771249731456-lietuva-lieta-leitis-arba-k%C4%85-rei%C5%A1kia-%C5%BEodis-lietuva.htm">the original</a> on 2 July 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lrytas.lt&rft.atitle=Lietuva%2C+Lieta%2C+Leitis%2C+arba+k%C4%85+rei%C5%A1kia+%C5%BEodis+%22Lietuva%22&rft.aulast=Patackas&rft.aufirst=Algirdas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkultura.lrytas.lt%2F-12499654771249731456-lietuva-lieta-leitis-arba-k%25C4%2585-rei%25C5%25A1kia-%25C5%25BEodis-lietuva.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSipavičienė,_Audra.1997" class="citation book cs1">Sipavičienė, Audra. (1997). International migration in Lithuania : causes, consequences, strategy. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9986523397" title="Special:BookSources/9986523397"><bdi>9986523397</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/39615701">39615701</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+migration+in+Lithuania+%3A+causes%2C+consequences%2C+strategy&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=United+Nations+Economic+Commission+for+Europe&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F39615701&rft.isbn=9986523397&rft.au=Sipavi%C4%8Dien%C4%97%2C+Audra.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kudirka13-40"><a href="#cite_ref-kudirka13_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKudirka1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Juozas_Kudirka" title="Juozas Kudirka">Kudirka, Juozas</a> (1991). The Lithuanians: An Ethnic Portrait. Lithuanian Folk Culture Centre. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lithuanians%3A+An+Ethnic+Portrait&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Lithuanian+Folk+Culture+Centre&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Kudirka&rft.aufirst=Juozas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PoloméWinter2011-41"><a href="#cite_ref-PoloméWinter2011_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdgar_C._PoloméWerner_Winter2011" class="citation book cs1">Edgar C. Polomé; Werner Winter (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DIj-nZWsX_0C&pg=PA298">Reconstructing Languages and Cultures</a>. Walter de Gruyter. p. 298. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-086792-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-086792-3"><bdi>978-3-11-086792-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reconstructing+Languages+and+Cultures&rft.pages=298&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3-11-086792-3&rft.au=Edgar+C.+Polom%C3%A9&rft.au=Werner+Winter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDIj-nZWsX_0C%26pg%3DPA298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŠapoka1936" class="citation book cs1">Šapoka, Adolfas (1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.partizanai.org/failai/pdf/sapokos-istorija.pdf">Lietuvos istorija</a> (PDF). Kaunas: <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0viesa" title="Šviesa">Šviesa</a>. pp. 13–17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225035041/http://www.partizanai.org/failai/pdf/sapokos-istorija.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lietuvos+istorija&rft.place=Kaunas&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E13-%3C%2Fspan%3E17&rft.pub=%C5%A0viesa&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=%C5%A0apoka&rft.aufirst=Adolfas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.partizanai.org%2Ffailai%2Fpdf%2Fsapokos-istorija.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacDonald1996-43"><a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald1996_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_H._MacDonald1996" class="citation book cs1">Michael H. MacDonald (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BQyk0nJNsxUC&pg=PA174">Europe, a Tantalizing Romance: Past and Present Europe for Students and the Serious Traveler</a>. University Press of America. p. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-0411-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-0411-6"><bdi>978-0-7618-0411-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe%2C+a+Tantalizing+Romance%3A+Past+and+Present+Europe+for+Students+and+the+Serious+Traveler&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-7618-0411-6&rft.au=Michael+H.+MacDonald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBQyk0nJNsxUC%26pg%3DPA174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kasekamp2017-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Kasekamp2017_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndres_Kasekamp2017" class="citation book cs1">Andres Kasekamp (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QDA5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA9">A History of the Baltic States</a>. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-57366-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-57366-7"><bdi>978-1-137-57366-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Baltic+States&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Macmillan+International+Higher+Education&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-137-57366-7&rft.au=Andres+Kasekamp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQDA5DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-Ochmański_37-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Ochmański_37_45-0">^</a> Ochmański (1982), p. 37 </li> <li id="cite_note-Bumblauskas_24-25-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Bumblauskas_24-25_46-0">^</a> Eidintas et al. 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Routledge. p. 122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-16111-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-16111-4"><bdi>978-0-415-16111-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+Eastern+Europe%3A+crisis+and+change&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-415-16111-4&rft.aulast=Bideleux&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Jeffries%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USDoS-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USDoS_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USDoS_48-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/lithuania/101494.htm">"Lithuania (02/08)"</a>. U.S. Department of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=Lithuania+%2802%2F08%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Foutofdate%2Fbgn%2Flithuania%2F101494.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Gudavičius, Edvardas (1999) Lietuvos Istorija: Nuo Seniausių Laikų iki 1569 Metų (Lithuanian History: From Ancient Times to the Year 1569) Vilnius, page 28, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-420-00723-1" title="Special:BookSources/5-420-00723-1">5-420-00723-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mindaugas-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mindaugas_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mindaugas_50-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGudavičius" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gudavičius, Edvardas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/mindaugas/">"Mindaugas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Visuotin%C4%97_lietuvi%C5%B3_enciklopedija" title="Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija">Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija</a> (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Mindaugas&rft.aulast=Gudavi%C4%8Dius&rft.aufirst=Edvardas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Fmindaugas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LTHistoryBritannica-51"><a href="#cite_ref-LTHistoryBritannica_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Lithuania/History">"Lithuania - History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. 21 October 2024. Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Lithuania+-+History&rft.date=2024-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FLithuania%2FHistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGudavičiusJasas" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gudavičius, Edvardas; Jasas, Rimantas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/kryziaus-karai-baltijos-regione/">"Kryžiaus karai Baltijos regione"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Kry%C5%BEiaus+karai+Baltijos+regione&rft.aulast=Gudavi%C4%8Dius&rft.aufirst=Edvardas&rft.au=Jasas%2C+Rimantas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Fkryziaus-karai-baltijos-regione%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Traidenis-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Traidenis_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Traidenis_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/traidenis/">"Traidenis"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Traidenis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Ftraidenis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VleLDK-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VleLDK_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VleLDK_54-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VleLDK_54-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VleLDK_54-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VleLDK_54-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VleLDK_54-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VleLDK_54-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VleLDK_54-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrauskas" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrauskas, Rimvydas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuvos-didzioji-kunigaikstyste/">"Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Lietuvos+Did%C5%BEioji+Kunigaik%C5%A1tyst%C4%97&rft.aulast=Petrauskas&rft.aufirst=Rimvydas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Flietuvos-didzioji-kunigaikstyste%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/gediminaiciai/">"Gediminaičiai"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Gediminai%C4%8Diai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Fgediminaiciai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/jogailaiciai/">"Jogailaičiai"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Jogailai%C4%8Diai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Fjogailaiciai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LUnija-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LUnija_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LUnija_57-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJasas" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jasas, Rimantas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/liublino-unija/">"Liublino unija"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Liublino+unija&rft.aulast=Jasas&rft.aufirst=Rimantas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Fliublino-unija%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndriulis" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Andriulis, Vytautas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/treciasis-lietuvos-statutas/">"Trečiasis Lietuvos Statutas"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Tre%C4%8Diasis+Lietuvos+Statutas&rft.aulast=Andriulis&rft.aufirst=Vytautas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Ftreciasis-lietuvos-statutas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/polonizacija/">"Polonizacija"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Polonizacija&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Fpolonizacija%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raila-60"><a href="#cite_ref-Raila_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaila" class="citation web cs1">Raila, Eligijus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xn--altiniai-4wb.info/index/details/102">"ATR nelaimių šimtmetis"</a>. Šaltiniai.info. Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C5%A0altiniai.info&rft.atitle=ATR+nelaimi%C5%B3+%C5%A1imtmetis&rft.aulast=Raila&rft.aufirst=Eligijus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xn--altiniai-4wb.info%2Findex%2Fdetails%2F102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/kedainiu-sutartis/">"Kėdainių sutartis"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=K%C4%97daini%C5%B3+sutartis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Fkedainiu-sutartis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuviu-sukilimas-pries-svedus/">"Lietuvių sukilimas prieš švedus"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Lietuvi%C5%B3+sukilimas+prie%C5%A1+%C5%A1vedus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Flietuviu-sukilimas-pries-svedus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/archive/1661-12-03-vilniaus-pilyje-kapituliavo-rusu-igula.d?id=26316243">"1661 12 03 Vilniaus pilyje kapituliavo rusų įgula"</a>. DELFI (in Lithuanian). 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Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=January+Insurrection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FJanuary-Insurrection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/simonas-daukantas/">"Simonas Daukantas"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Simonas+Daukantas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Fsimonas-daukantas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/teodoras-narbutas/">"Teodoras Narbutas"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Teodoras+Narbutas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Fteodoras-narbutas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/tavo-lrt/15/22153/xx-a-pradzioje-rusus-suerzino-paviesinti-lietuviu-knygnesystes-mastai">"XX a. pradžioje rusus suerzino paviešinti lietuvių knygnešystės mastai"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">Lithuanian National Radio and Television</a> (in Lithuanian). 28 July 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lithuanian+National+Radio+and+Television&rft.atitle=XX+a.+prad%C5%BEioje+rusus+suerzino+pavie%C5%A1inti+lietuvi%C5%B3+knygne%C5%A1yst%C4%97s+mastai&rft.date=2013-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrt.lt%2Fnaujienos%2Ftavo-lrt%2F15%2F22153%2Fxx-a-pradzioje-rusus-suerzino-paviesinti-lietuviu-knygnesystes-mastai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerkys" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Merkys, Vytautas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuviu-tautinis-judejimas/">"Lietuvių tautinis judėjimas"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Lietuvi%C5%B3+tautinis+jud%C4%97jimas&rft.aulast=Merkys&rft.aufirst=Vytautas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Flietuviu-tautinis-judejimas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vle1918-1920-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vle1918-1920_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vle1918-1920_71-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vle1918-1920_71-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vle1918-1920_71-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vle1918-1920_71-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLasinskas" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lasinskas, Povilas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/nepriklausomos-lietuvos-valstybes-atkurimas-1918-1920/">"Nepriklausomos Lietuvos valstybės atkūrimas (1918–1920)"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Nepriklausomos+Lietuvos+valstyb%C4%97s+atk%C5%ABrimas+%281918%E2%80%931920%29&rft.aulast=Lasinskas&rft.aufirst=Povilas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Fnepriklausomos-lietuvos-valstybes-atkurimas-1918-1920%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiknys" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Miknys, Rimantas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/jozef-pilsudski/">"Józef Piłsudski"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=J%C3%B3zef+Pi%C5%82sudski&rft.aulast=Miknys&rft.aufirst=Rimantas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Fjozef-pilsudski%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/kauno-istorija/">"Kauno istorija"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Kauno+istorija&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Fkauno-istorija%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vle1920-1940-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vle1920-1940_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vle1920-1940_74-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLasinskas" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lasinskas, Povilas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuvos-respublika-1920-1940/">"Lietuvos Respublika 1920–1940"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Lietuvos+Respublika+1920%E2%80%931940&rft.aulast=Lasinskas&rft.aufirst=Povilas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Flietuvos-respublika-1920-1940%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VleListorija-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VleListorija_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VleListorija_75-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VleListorija_75-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VleListorija_75-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VleListorija_75-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VleListorija_75-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuvos-istorija/">"Lietuvos istorija"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Lietuvos+istorija&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Flietuvos-istorija%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuodis" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Juodis, Darius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/jonas-zemaitis/">"Jonas Žemaitis"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Jonas+%C5%BDemaitis&rft.aulast=Juodis&rft.aufirst=Darius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Fjonas-zemaitis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamanauskaitė-Skokauskienė" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ramanauskaitė-Skokauskienė, Auksutė. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/adolfas-ramanauskas/">"Adolfas Ramanauskas"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Adolfas+Ramanauskas&rft.aulast=Ramanauskait%C4%97-Skokauskien%C4%97&rft.aufirst=Auksut%C4%97&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Fadolfas-ramanauskas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bell2002-78"><a href="#cite_ref-Bell2002_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImogen_Bell2002" class="citation book cs1">Imogen Bell (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4CrpzRJCbckC&pg=PA376">Central and South-Eastern Europe 2003</a>. Psychology Press. p. 376. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-136-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-136-0"><bdi>978-1-85743-136-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Central+and+South-Eastern+Europe+2003&rft.pages=376&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-85743-136-0&rft.au=Imogen+Bell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4CrpzRJCbckC%26pg%3DPA376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-79"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/1990/mar/12/eu.politics">"Lithuania breaks away from the Soviet Union"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. London. 12 March 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190921161738/https://www.theguardian.com/world/1990/mar/12/eu.politics">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2018. <q>Lithuania last night became the first republic to break away from the Soviet Union, by proclaiming the restoration of its pre-war independence. The newly-elected parliament, 'reflecting the people's will,' decreed the restoration of 'the sovereign rights of the Lithuanian state, infringed by alien forces in 1940,' and declared that from that moment Lithuania was again an independent state</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Lithuania+breaks+away+from+the+Soviet+Union&rft.date=1990-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F1990%2Fmar%2F12%2Feu.politics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartha_Brill_Olcott1990" class="citation magazine cs1">Martha Brill Olcott (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russian-federation/1990-06-01/lithuanian-crisis">"The Lithuanian Crisis"</a>. www.foreignaffairs.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210720055455/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russian-federation/1990-06-01/lithuanian-crisis">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2018. <q>For over two years Lithuania has been moving toward reclaiming its independence. This drive reached a crescendo on 11 March 1990, when the Supreme Soviet of Lithuania declared the republic no longer bound by Soviet law. The act reasserted the independence Lithuania had declared more than seventy years before, a declaration unilaterally annulled by the U.S.S.R. in 1940 when it annexed Lithuania as the result of a pact between Stalin and Hitler.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.foreignaffairs.com&rft.atitle=The+Lithuanian+Crisis&rft.date=1990&rft.au=Martha+Brill+Olcott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2Frussian-federation%2F1990-06-01%2Flithuanian-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LT1990-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LT1990_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LT1990_81-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LT1990_81-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LT1990_81-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LT1990_81-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LT1990_81-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaurinavičius" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Laurinavičius, Česlovas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuvos-respublika-po-1990/">"Lietuvos Respublika po 1990"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Lietuvos+Respublika+po+1990&rft.aulast=Laurinavi%C4%8Dius&rft.aufirst=%C4%8Ceslovas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Flietuvos-respublika-po-1990%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/lietuva/10-svarbiausiu-1991-uju-sausio-ivykiu-kuriuos-privalote-zinoti-56-565845">"10 svarbiausių 1991–ųjų sausio įvykių, kuriuos privalote žinoti"</a>. 15min.lt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625115355/https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/lietuva/10-svarbiausiu-1991-uju-sausio-ivykiu-kuriuos-privalote-zinoti-56-565845">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=15min.lt&rft.atitle=10+svarbiausi%C5%B3+1991%E2%80%93%C5%B3j%C5%B3+sausio+%C4%AFvyki%C5%B3%2C+kuriuos+privalote+%C5%BEinoti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.15min.lt%2Fnaujiena%2Faktualu%2Flietuva%2F10-svarbiausiu-1991-uju-sausio-ivykiu-kuriuos-privalote-zinoti-56-565845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-83"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/13/newsid_4059000/4059959.stm">"On This Day 13 January 1991: Bloodshed at Lithuanian TV station"</a>. BBC News. 13 January 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171109010731/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/13/newsid_4059000/4059959.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=On+This+Day+13+January+1991%3A+Bloodshed+at+Lithuanian+TV+station&rft.date=1991-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fjanuary%2F13%2Fnewsid_4059000%2F4059959.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBill_Keller1991" class="citation news cs1">Bill Keller (14 January 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/14/world/soviet-crackdown-soviet-loyalists-charge-after-attack-lithuania-13-dead-curfew.html?pagewanted=all">"Soviet crackdown; Soviet loyalists in charge after attack in Lithuania; 13 dead; curfew is imposed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417195108/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/14/world/soviet-crackdown-soviet-loyalists-charge-after-attack-lithuania-13-dead-curfew.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 18 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Soviet+crackdown%3B+Soviet+loyalists+in+charge+after+attack+in+Lithuania%3B+13+dead%3B+curfew+is+imposed&rft.date=1991-01-14&rft.au=Bill+Keller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F01%2F14%2Fworld%2Fsoviet-crackdown-soviet-loyalists-charge-after-attack-lithuania-13-dead-curfew.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_J._Krickus1997" class="citation book cs1">Richard J. Krickus (June 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NRkpNovMd_cC&pg=PA344">"Democratization in Lithuania"</a>. In K. Dawisha and B. 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Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/consolidationofd0000unse/page/344">344</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-59938-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-59938-2"><bdi>978-0-521-59938-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Democratization+in+Lithuania&rft.btitle=The+Consolidation+of+Democracy+in+East-Central+Europe&rft.pages=344&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997-06&rft.isbn=978-0-521-59938-2&rft.au=Richard+J.+Krickus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNRkpNovMd_cC%26pg%3DPA344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_lituanie_e.htm">"WTO - Accessions: Lithuania"</a>. www.wto.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531070148/https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_lituanie_e.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wto.org&rft.atitle=WTO+-+Accessions%3A+Lithuania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wto.org%2Fenglish%2Fthewto_e%2Facc_e%2Fa1_lituanie_e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417181725/https://www.urm.lt/default/en/foreign-policy/lithuania-in-the-region-and-the-world/lithuanias-security-policy/lithuanian-membership-in-nato">"Lithuania's membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)"</a>. Urm.lt. 5 February 2014. 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Retrieved 8 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VOA&rft.atitle=Lithuania+President+Re-elected+on+Anti-Russian+Platform&rft.date=2014-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Flithuania-president-re-elected-on-anti-russian-platform%2F1922612.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/lithuania-declares-state-emergency-after-russia-invades-ukraine-2022-02-24/">"Lithuania declares state of emergency after Russia invades Ukraine"</a>. 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Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224095154/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-business-europe-russia-vladimir-putin-71bf9d3687e1a04f11dfb895639a13ca">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2022. 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Retrieved 18 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NATO&rft.atitle=2023+NATO+Summit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Fcps%2Fen%2Fnatohq%2F216570.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/sr/srb/sra.html?_charset_=UTF-8&allq=Lithuania&exctq=&anyq=&noneq=&fqupdate=&dmn=&fqocct=">"Lithuania"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canada.ca" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada.ca">Canada.ca</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308023811/https://www.canada.ca/en/sr/srb/sra.html?_charset_=UTF-8&allq=Lithuania&exctq=&anyq=&noneq=&fqupdate=&dmn=&fqocct=">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021. 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Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222211200/https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/geguzes-treciosios-konstitucija/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Gegu%C5%BE%C4%97s+tre%C4%8Diosios+konstitucija&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Fgeguzes-treciosios-konstitucija%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGliožaitis" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gliožaitis, Algirdas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mle.lt/straipsniai/neumanno-sasso-byla">"Neumanno-Sasso byla"</a> [The Case of Neumann-Sass]. 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Retrieved 5 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LRT&rft.atitle=LRT+dokumentikos+ciklas+%22Nematoma+Lietuvos+istorija%22+%E2%80%93+apie+valstyb%C4%97s+pergal%C4%99+prie%C5%A1+mafij%C4%85&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrt.lt%2Ftelevizija%2Fanonsai%2F22093%2Flrt-dokumentikos-ciklas-nematoma-lietuvos-istorija-apie-valstybes-pergale-pries-mafija&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170508011825/https://www.osac.gov/Pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=21469">"Lithuania 2017 Crime & Safety Report"</a>. 8 May 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osac.gov/Pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=21469">the original</a> on 8 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lithuania+2017+Crime+%26+Safety+Report&rft.date=2017-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osac.gov%2FPages%2FContentReportDetails.aspx%3Fcid%3D21469&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://policija.lrv.lt/">"Lietuvos policija"</a>. policija.lrv.lt (in Lithuanian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630082829/https://policija.lrv.lt/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=policija.lrv.lt&rft.atitle=Lietuvos+policija&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpolicija.lrv.lt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ird.lt/lt/paslaugos/nusikalstamu-veiku-zinybinio-registro-nvzr-paslaugos/ataskaitos-1/nusikalstamumo-ir-ikiteisminiu-tyrimu-statistika-1/view_item_datasource?id=6763&datasource=18743">"Užregistruota ir ištirta nusikalstamų veikų (2017 / Sausis – Gruodis)"</a>. Ird.lt (in Lithuanian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180801190249/https://www.ird.lt/lt/paslaugos/nusikalstamu-veiku-zinybinio-registro-nvzr-paslaugos/ataskaitos-1/nusikalstamumo-ir-ikiteisminiu-tyrimu-statistika-1/view_item_datasource?id=6763&datasource=18743">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ird.lt&rft.atitle=U%C5%BEregistruota+ir+i%C5%A1tirta+nusikalstam%C5%B3+veik%C5%B3+%282017+%2F+Sausis+%E2%80%93+Gruodis%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ird.lt%2Flt%2Fpaslaugos%2Fnusikalstamu-veiku-zinybinio-registro-nvzr-paslaugos%2Fataskaitos-1%2Fnusikalstamumo-ir-ikiteisminiu-tyrimu-statistika-1%2Fview_item_datasource%3Fid%3D6763%26datasource%3D18743&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/organized-crime-and-human-trafficking/corruption/anti-corruption-report/docs/2014_acr_lithuania_chapter_en.pdf">Lithuania's EU Anti-Corruption Report</a> (PDF). Brussels: European Commission. 2014. pp. 2–3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308122240/https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/organized-crime-and-human-trafficking/corruption/anti-corruption-report/docs/2014_acr_lithuania_chapter_en.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lithuania%27s+EU+Anti-Corruption+Report&rft.place=Brussels&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pub=European+Commission&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fhome-affairs%2Fsites%2Fhomeaffairs%2Ffiles%2Fwhat-we-do%2Fpolicies%2Forganized-crime-and-human-trafficking%2Fcorruption%2Fanti-corruption-report%2Fdocs%2F2014_acr_lithuania_chapter_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kauno.diena.lt/naujienos/lietuva/salies-pulsas/korupcija-lietuvoje-prarandame-milijonus-jei-ne-milijardus-733110">"Korupcija Lietuvoje: prarandame milijonus, jei ne milijardus"</a>. kauno.diena.lt. 7 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210627233814/https://kauno.diena.lt/naujienos/lietuva/salies-pulsas/korupcija-lietuvoje-prarandame-milijonus-jei-ne-milijardus-733110">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2021. 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DELFI.lt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417181834/https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/siulymas-grazinti-mirties-bausme-pripazintas-priestaraujanciu-konstitucijai.d?id=62993028">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DELFI.lt&rft.atitle=Si%C5%ABlymas+gr%C4%85%C5%BEinti+mirties+bausm%C4%99+pripa%C5%BEintas+prie%C5%A1taraujan%C4%8Diu+Konstitucijai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delfi.lt%2Fnews%2Fdaily%2Flithuania%2Fsiulymas-grazinti-mirties-bausme-pripazintas-priestaraujanciu-konstitucijai.d%3Fid%3D62993028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812032325/http://lzinios.lt/lzinios/Lietuva/kuo-maziau-pasitikejimo-tuo-pilnesni-kalejimai-lietuva-kaliniu-skaiciumi-pirmauja/248403">"Kuo mažiau pasitikėjimo, tuo pilnesni kalėjimai: Lietuva kalinių skaičiumi pirmauja"</a>. LZINIOS.lt. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lzinios.lt/lzinios/lietuva/kuo-maziau-pasitikejimo-tuo-pilnesni-kalejimai-lietuva-kaliniu-skaiciumi-pirmauja/248403">the original</a> on 12 August 2017. 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XI-318. </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> (in Lithuanian) Justinas Vanagas, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/seimas-iteisino-tiesioginius-meru-rinkimus.d?id=65139619">Seimo Seimas įteisino tiesioginius merų rinkimus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014091111/https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/seimas-iteisino-tiesioginius-meru-rinkimus.d?id=65139619">Archived</a> 14 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Delfi.lt, 26 June 2014. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lb.lt/lt/tiesiogines-uzsienio-investicijos-lietuvoje-pagal-sali-1">the original</a> on 9 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tiesiogin%C4%97s+u%C5%BEsienio+investicijos+Lietuvoje+pagal+%C5%A1al%C4%AF+%E2%80%93+Lietuvos+bankas&rft.date=2018-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lb.lt%2Flt%2Ftiesiogines-uzsienio-investicijos-lietuvoje-pagal-sali-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDencikSpee2018" class="citation web cs1">Dencik, Jacob; Spee, Roel (July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190410223308/https://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/93/en/93017793usen/93017793usen-00_93017793USEN.pdf">"Global Location Trends – 2018 Annual Report: Getting ready for Globalization 4.0"</a> (PDF). IBM Institute for Business Value. p. 7. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/93/en/93017793usen/93017793usen-00_93017793USEN.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2018. <q>Ireland continues to lead the world for attracting high-value investment, generating substantial inward investment with strengths in key high-value sectors such as ICT, financial and business services and life sciences. But Singapore is now a close second, with Lithuania and Switzerland right behind.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Location+Trends+%E2%80%93+2018+Annual+Report%3A+Getting+ready+for+Globalization+4.0&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=IBM+Institute+for+Business+Value&rft.date=2018-07&rft.aulast=Dencik&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft.au=Spee%2C+Roel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.dhe.ibm.com%2Fcommon%2Fssi%2Fecm%2F93%2Fen%2F93017793usen%2F93017793usen-00_93017793USEN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fdiintelligence.com/Trend-Tracker/Lithuania-FDI-skyrockets-in-2017">"Lithuania FDI skyrockets in 2017"</a>. 20 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308233716/https://www.fdiintelligence.com/Trend-Tracker/Lithuania-FDI-skyrockets-in-2017">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lithuania+FDI+skyrockets+in+2017&rft.date=2018-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fdiintelligence.com%2FTrend-Tracker%2FLithuania-FDI-skyrockets-in-2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.verslilietuva.lt/en/news/lithuanian-exports-grew-across-europe-last-year-will-beat-value-records-year/">"Lithuanian exports which grew most across Europe last year will beat value records this year"</a>. www.verslilietuva.lt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417180625/https://www.verslilietuva.lt/en/news/lithuanian-exports-grew-across-europe-last-year-will-beat-value-records-year/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.verslilietuva.lt&rft.atitle=Lithuanian+exports+which+grew+most+across+Europe+last+year+will+beat+value+records+this+year&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.verslilietuva.lt%2Fen%2Fnews%2Flithuanian-exports-grew-across-europe-last-year-will-beat-value-records-year%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/ieskodami-darbuotoju-jau-verciasi-per-galva-net-tokiomis-algomis-nepavyksta-sugundyti.d?id=77973215">"Ieškodami darbuotojų jau verčiasi per galvą: net tokiomis algomis nepavyksta sugundyti"</a>. delfi.lt (in Lithuanian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210703110800/https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/ieskodami-darbuotoju-jau-verciasi-per-galva-net-tokiomis-algomis-nepavyksta-sugundyti.d?id=77973215">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2021. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://verslas.lrytas.lt/izvalgos-ir-nuomones/2017/06/13/news/ekspertai-ispeja-virs-lietuvos-ekonomikos-kaupiasi-debesys-1665764/">the original</a> on 11 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lrytas.lt&rft.atitle=Ekonomistai+%C4%AFsp%C4%97ja%3A+vir%C5%A1+Lietuvos+kaupiasi+debesys&rft.date=2018-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fverslas.lrytas.lt%2Fizvalgos-ir-nuomones%2F2017%2F06%2F13%2Fnews%2Fekspertai-ispeja-virs-lietuvos-ekonomikos-kaupiasi-debesys-1665764%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/375259/unemployment-rate-in-lithuania/">"Lithuania: Unemployment rate from 2007 to 2017"</a>. Statista.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222449/https://www.statista.com/statistics/375259/unemployment-rate-in-lithuania/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statista.com&rft.atitle=Lithuania%3A+Unemployment+rate+from+2007+to+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F375259%2Funemployment-rate-in-lithuania%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CS2023-1-208"><a href="#cite_ref-CS2023-1_208-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230927130459/https://www.ubs.com/global/en/family-office-uhnw/reports/global-wealth-report-2023/_jcr_content/mainpar/toplevelgrid_5684475/col2/linklistnewlook/link_copy.0357374027.file/PS9jb250ZW50L2RhbS9hc3NldHMvd20vZ2xvYmFsL2ltZy9nbG9iYWwtZmFtaWx5LW9mZmljZS9kb2NzL2RhdGFib29rLWdsb2JhbC13ZWFsdGgtcmVwb3J0LTIwMjMtZW4ucGRm/databook-global-wealth-report-2023-en.pdf">"UBS Global Wealth Databook 2023"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubs.com/global/en/family-office-uhnw/reports/global-wealth-report-2023/_jcr_content/mainpar/toplevelgrid_5684475/col2/linklistnewlook/link_copy.0357374027.file/PS9jb250ZW50L2RhbS9hc3NldHMvd20vZ2xvYmFsL2ltZy9nbG9iYWwtZmFtaWx5LW9mZmljZS9kb2NzL2RhdGFib29rLWdsb2JhbC13ZWFsdGgtcmVwb3J0LTIwMjMtZW4ucGRm/databook-global-wealth-report-2023-en.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UBS+Global+Wealth+Databook+2023&rft.pub=UBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubs.com%2Fglobal%2Fen%2Ffamily-office-uhnw%2Freports%2Fglobal-wealth-report-2023%2F_jcr_content%2Fmainpar%2Ftoplevelgrid_5684475%2Fcol2%2Flinklistnewlook%2Flink_copy.0357374027.file%2FPS9jb250ZW50L2RhbS9hc3NldHMvd20vZ2xvYmFsL2ltZy9nbG9iYWwtZmFtaWx5LW9mZmljZS9kb2NzL2RhdGFib29rLWdsb2JhbC13ZWFsdGgtcmVwb3J0LTIwMjMtZW4ucGRm%2Fdatabook-global-wealth-report-2023-en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> See table 3-1 for all countries, on pages 119-122, for mean and median wealth, <a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini coefficient</a>, distribution of adults (%) by wealth range, and number of adults. All of that info (except the Gini coefficient) is also in table 2-2 on pages 109-112. See the end of table 2-2 on page 112 for regional numbers. Page 4 mentions "46 countries lacking sufficient suitable data for wealth estimation". Pages 20-24 (table 2-1) then feature estimates for <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> per adult for said countries, with wealth data quality characterized as "n.a." (not available). </li> <li id="cite_note-https://osp.stat.gov.lt-209"><a href="#cite_ref-https://osp.stat.gov.lt_209-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osp.stat.gov.lt/informaciniai-pranesimai?eventId=292505">"Darbo užmokestis šalyje"</a>. osp.stat.gov.lt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230825101342/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/informaciniai-pranesimai?eventId=292505">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=osp.stat.gov.lt&rft.atitle=Darbo+u%C5%BEmokestis+%C5%A1alyje&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosp.stat.gov.lt%2Finformaciniai-pranesimai%3FeventId%3D292505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu-210"><a href="#cite_ref-epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu_210-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150509130331/http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/resources/documents/taxation/gen_info/economic_analysis/tax_structures/2014/report.pdf">"Taxation trends in the European Union"</a> (PDF). Eurostat. 2014. 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Retrieved 22 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taxation+trends+in+the+European+Union&rft.pub=Eurostat&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Ftaxation_customs%2Fresources%2Fdocuments%2Ftaxation%2Fgen_info%2Feconomic_analysis%2Ftax_structures%2F2014%2Freport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180424071555/https://ukmin.lrv.lt/lt/veiklos-sritys/investiciju-veiklos-sritis/pramoniniai-parkai-ir-lez">"Pramoniniai parkai ir LEZ"</a>. ukmin.lrv.lt. 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Crowdfundinsider.com. 8 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180208172543/https://www.crowdfundinsider.com/2018/02/128160-lithuania-registered-35-new-fintech-companies-2017/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2018. 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Retrieved 22 December 2018. <q>Google Payment, a company owned by Alphabet Inc., obtained an e-money license in Lithuania, joining a growing number of fintech firms that have secured permission from the Baltic nation to offer financial services across the European Union.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Google+Payment+Expands+With+E-Money+License+From+Lithuania&rft.date=2018-12-21&rft.au=Milda+%C5%A0eputyt%C4%97&rft.au=Jeremy+Kahn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2018-12-21%2Fgoogle-payment-expands-with-e-money-license-from-lithuania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKostaki2018" class="citation web cs1">Kostaki, Irene (31 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210703110944/https://www.neweurope.eu/article/lithuania-debuts-eu-gateway-global-blockchain-industry/">"Lithuania debuts as EU gateway for global blockchain industry"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://it.lrytas.lt/laboratorija/2017/06/23/news/i-kosmosa-kyla-treciasis-lietuvos-palydovas-1755953/">the original</a> on 8 March 2021. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ve.lt/naujienos/visuomene/svietimas/pristatyta-aukstuju-mokyklu-tinklo-pertvarka-1550590/">the original</a> on 13 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pristatyta+auk%C5%A1t%C5%B3j%C5%B3+mokykl%C5%B3+tinklo+pertvarka&rft.date=2018-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ve.lt%2Fnaujienos%2Fvisuomene%2Fsvietimas%2Fpristatyta-aukstuju-mokyklu-tinklo-pertvarka-1550590%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180113151301/http://www.diena.lt/naujienos/lietuva/salies-pulsas/vyriausybe-pritare-universitetu-pertvarkos-planui-838745">"Vyriausybė pritarė universitetų pertvarkos planui – Diena.lt"</a>. 13 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diena.lt/naujienos/lietuva/salies-pulsas/vyriausybe-pritare-universitetu-pertvarkos-planui-838745">the original</a> on 13 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vyriausyb%C4%97+pritar%C4%97+universitet%C5%B3+pertvarkos+planui+%E2%80%93+Diena.lt&rft.date=2018-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diena.lt%2Fnaujienos%2Flietuva%2Fsalies-pulsas%2Fvyriausybe-pritare-universitetu-pertvarkos-planui-838745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180113151333/https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/seimas-po-svarstymo-pritare-valstybiniu-universitetu-pertvarkos-planui.d?id=75022448">"Seimas po svarstymo pritarė valstybinių universitetų pertvarkos planui – DELFI"</a>. 13 January 2018. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/education/seimas-pritare-3-universitetu-sujungimui-formuojamas-naujas-darinys.d?id=76893227">the original</a> on 13 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seimas+pritar%C4%97+3+universitet%C5%B3+sujungimui%3A+formuojamas+naujas+darinys+%E2%80%93+DELFI&rft.date=2018-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delfi.lt%2Fnews%2Fdaily%2Feducation%2Fseimas-pritare-3-universitetu-sujungimui-formuojamas-naujas-darinys.d%3Fid%3D76893227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-zinkevicius-380"><a href="#cite_ref-zinkevicius_380-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZ._Zinkevičius1993" class="citation book cs1">Z. Zinkevičius (1993). Rytų Lietuva praeityje ir dabar. 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Retrieved 1 November 2018. <q>The Art Centre TARTLE opened in Užupis district in Vilnius will provide an opportunity to get acquainted with Lithuanian art treasures and historical artefacts from cultural heritage of the pagan times to the contemporary art. 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Hoophall.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130325102924/http://www.hoophall.com/hall-of-famers-index/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hoophall.com&rft.atitle=The+Naismith+Memorial+Basketball+Hall+of+Fame+%E2%80%93+Hall+of+Famers+Index&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoophall.com%2Fhall-of-famers-index%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-447"><a href="#cite_ref-447">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pr.nba.com/nba-rosters-international-players-2016-17/">"NBA rosters feature record 113 international players from 41 countries and territories"</a> (Press release). National Basketball Association. 25 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501012400/https://pr.nba.com/nba-rosters-international-players-2016-17/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NBA+rosters+feature+record+113+international+players+from+41+countries+and+territories&rft.pub=National+Basketball+Association&rft.date=2016-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpr.nba.com%2Fnba-rosters-international-players-2016-17%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-448"><a href="#cite_ref-448">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/futsalworldcup/lithuania2021/media-releases/origin1904-p.cxm.fifa.comthree-cities-set-to-host-the-fifa-futsal-world-cup-lithuania-2020tm">"Three cities set to host the FIFA Futsal World Cup Lithuania 2021™"</a>. www.fifa.com. Retrieved 26 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fifa.com&rft.atitle=Three+cities+set+to+host+the+FIFA+Futsal+World+Cup+Lithuania+2021%E2%84%A2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Ftournaments%2Fmens%2Ffutsalworldcup%2Flithuania2021%2Fmedia-releases%2Forigin1904-p.cxm.fifa.comthree-cities-set-to-host-the-fifa-futsal-world-cup-lithuania-2020tm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-449"><a href="#cite_ref-449">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kauno.diena.lt/naujienos/sveikata/sveikata/ziemos-sportas-lietuvoje-podukros-vietoje-674533#.VRUtQaM1jct">"Žiemos sportas Lietuvoje – podukros vietoje"</a>. Kauno.diena.lt (in Lithuanian). 10 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210430183452/https://kauno.diena.lt/naujienos/sveikata/sveikata/ziemos-sportas-lietuvoje-podukros-vietoje-674533#.VRUtQaM1jct">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kauno.diena.lt&rft.atitle=%C5%BDiemos+sportas+Lietuvoje+%E2%80%93+podukros+vietoje&rft.date=2015-02-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkauno.diena.lt%2Fnaujienos%2Fsveikata%2Fsveikata%2Fziemos-sportas-lietuvoje-podukros-vietoje-674533%23.VRUtQaM1jct&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-450"><a href="#cite_ref-450">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.15min.lt/sportas/naujiena/ziemos-sportas/jie-tai-padare-lietuviai-zaibiskai-atsitiese-po-salto-duso-ir-iskovojo-istorini-titula-295-963998">"Jie tai padarė! Lietuviai žaibiškai atsitiesė po šalto dušo ir iškovojo istorinį titulą"</a>. 15min.lt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625120911/https://www.15min.lt/sportas/naujiena/ziemos-sportas/jie-tai-padare-lietuviai-zaibiskai-atsitiese-po-salto-duso-ir-iskovojo-istorini-titula-295-963998">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=15min.lt&rft.atitle=Jie+tai+padar%C4%97%21+Lietuviai+%C5%BEaibi%C5%A1kai+atsities%C4%97+po+%C5%A1alto+du%C5%A1o+ir+i%C5%A1kovojo+istorin%C4%AF+titul%C4%85&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.15min.lt%2Fsportas%2Fnaujiena%2Fziemos-sportas%2Fjie-tai-padare-lietuviai-zaibiskai-atsitiese-po-salto-duso-ir-iskovojo-istorini-titula-295-963998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithuania" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lithuania" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Lithuania">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Lithuania" class="extiw" title="q:Lithuania">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lithuania" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Lithuania">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lithuania" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Lithuania">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lithuania" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Lithuania">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Lithuania" class="extiw" title="voy:Lithuania">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the 1922 <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> article "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1922_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lithuania,_Republic_of" class="extiw" title="s:1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lithuania, Republic of">Lithuania, Republic of</a>".</div></div> </div> <dl><dt>Government</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrp.lt/en">The Lithuanian President</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115013011/https://www.lrp.lt/en">Archived</a> 15 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Official site of the President of the Republic of Lithuania</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrs.lt/sip/portal.show?p_k=2">The Lithuanian Parliament</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331224459/https://www.lrs.lt/sip/portal.show?p_k=2">Archived</a> 31 March 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Official site of the Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lrv.lt/en">The Lithuanian Government</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210406001528/https://lrv.lt/en/">Archived</a> 6 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Official site of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stat.gov.lt/en">Statistics Lithuania</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221005094900/https://www.stat.gov.lt/en">Archived</a> 5 October 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Official site of Department of Statistics to the Government of Lithuania</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lithuania.travel/en/">Lithuania – Real is Beautiful</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130401141631/http://www.travel.lt/turizmas/selectPage.do?docLocator=1DDDB5E44C7311DAB36D746164617373&inlanguage=en">Archived</a> 1 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – The Official Travel Guide by the Lithuanian National Tourism Development Agency</li></ul> <dl><dt>General information</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=su%3AGeopolitics+Baltic+States.&qt=hot_subject/LH.html">The Baltic States and geopolitics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625131927/https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=su%3AGeopolitics+Baltic+States.&qt=hot_subject%2FLH.html">Archived</a> 25 June 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lietuva.lt/en/">Lithuania</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602011848/https://lietuva.lt/en/">Archived</a> 2 June 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Lithuanian internet gates</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lithuania/">Lithuania</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210622180812/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lithuania/">Archived</a> 22 June 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/world-leaders-1/LH.html">Lithuania. CIA Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016161247/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/world-leaders-1/LH.html">Archived</a> 16 October 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061242/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/lithuania.htm">Lithuania</a> from UCB Libraries GovPubs</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17536867">Lithuania</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210604175849/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17536867">Archived</a> 4 June 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Lithuania" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Lithuania">Wikimedia Atlas of Lithuania</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=LT">Key Development Forecasts for Lithuania</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417192223/http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=LT">Archived</a> 17 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Lithuania">Heraldry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181018201632/http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Lithuania">Archived</a> 18 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of Lithuania</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/72596">Lithuania</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lithuania_articles596" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lithuania_topics" title="Template:Lithuania topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lithuania_topics" title="Template talk:Lithuania topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lithuania_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lithuania topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lithuania_articles596" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lithuania</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Lithuania-related_articles" title="Index of Lithuania-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania" title="History of Lithuania">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balts" title="Balts">Balts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania_proper" title="Lithuania proper">Lithuania proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania_Minor" title="Lithuania Minor">Lithuania Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania_(1219%E2%80%931295)" title="History of Lithuania (1219–1295)">1219–1295</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Duchy of Lithuania">Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania" title="Kingdom of Lithuania">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Lithuania" title="Christianization of Lithuania">Christianization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Crusade" title="Lithuanian Crusade">Lithuanian Crusade</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Revival and independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_press_ban" title="Lithuanian press ban">Press ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Revival" title="Lithuanian National Revival">National Revival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seimas_of_Vilnius" title="Great Seimas of Vilnius">Great Seimas of Vilnius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Declaration" title="Amber Declaration">Amber Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Independence_of_Lithuania" title="Act of Independence of Lithuania">Act of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Wars_of_Independence" title="Lithuanian Wars of Independence">Wars of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Lithuanian–Soviet War">Lithuanian–Soviet War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Polish_coup_attempt_in_Lithuania" title="1919 Polish coup attempt in Lithuania">1919 Polish coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Lithuanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1926 Lithuanian coup d'état">1926 coup d'état</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">WWII and occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of the Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1940)" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)">by the Soviet Union (1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Lithuania during World War II">by Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1944)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944)">by the Soviet Union (1944)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Lithuania" title="The Holocaust in Lithuania">Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic">Second Soviet republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_partisans" title="Lithuanian partisans">Lithuanian partisans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_states_under_Soviet_rule_(1944%E2%80%931991)" title="Baltic states under Soviet rule (1944–1991)">Baltic states under Soviet rule (1944–1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Diplomatic_Service" title="Lithuanian Diplomatic Service">Government-in-exile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Restoration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis" title="Sąjūdis">Reform Movement (Sąjūdis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution#Lithuania" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Way" title="Baltic Way">Baltic Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">Act of Re-Establishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_economic_blockade_of_Lithuania" title="Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania">Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Events_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="January Events (Lithuania)">January Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Lithuanian_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Lithuanian European Union membership referendum">2003 Lithuanian European Union membership referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">EU accession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Lithuania" title="Geography of Lithuania">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Lithuania" title="List of cities in Lithuania">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">capital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Lithuania#Climate" title="Geography of Lithuania">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Lithuania" title="List of extreme points of Lithuania">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Lithuania" title="Flora of Lithuania">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_in_Lithuania" title="Forests in Lithuania">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Lithuania" title="List of lakes of Lithuania">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_parks_of_Lithuania" title="List of regional parks of Lithuania">Regional parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Lithuania" title="List of rivers of Lithuania">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki_Gap" title="Suwałki Gap">Suwałki Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Lithuania" title="List of towns in Lithuania">Towns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lithuania" title="Politics of Lithuania">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Lithuania" title="Administrative divisions of Lithuania">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Lithuania" title="Counties of Lithuania">counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Lithuania" title="Municipalities of Lithuania">municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elderships_of_Lithuania" title="Elderships of Lithuania">elderships</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Lithuania" title="Constitution of Lithuania">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Lithuania" title="Constitutional Court of Lithuania">Constitutional Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Lithuania" title="Elections in Lithuania">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Lithuania" title="Foreign relations of Lithuania">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Lithuania" title="Government of Lithuania">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lithuania" title="Prime Minister of Lithuania">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Lithuania" title="Law of Lithuania">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Lithuania">Law enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Lithuania" title="Human rights in Lithuania">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Lithuania">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Lithuania" title="List of political parties in Lithuania">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Lithuania#Republic_of_Lithuania_(1918–1940)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Lithuania">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">Seimas parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Seimas" title="List of speakers of the Seimas">Speaker</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Lithuania">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Land_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Land Force">Land Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Naval_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Naval Force">Naval Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Air_Force" title="Lithuanian Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Special_Operations_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Special Operations Force">Special Operations Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Lithuania" title="Economy of Lithuania">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Lithuania" title="Agriculture in Lithuania">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Lithuania" title="List of banks in Lithuania">Banks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Lithuania" title="Bank of Lithuania">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Residency_of_Lithuania" title="E-Residency of Lithuania">e-Residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Lithuania" title="Energy in Lithuania">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_euro_coins" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian euro coins">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Lithuania" title="Telecommunications in Lithuania">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Lithuania" title="Transport in Lithuania">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Lithuania" title="List of airports in Lithuania">airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Railways" title="Lithuanian Railways">rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Lithuania#Lithuanian_road_system" title="Transport in Lithuania">roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Klaip%C4%97da" title="Port of Klaipėda">seaport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Lithuania" title="Tourism in Lithuania">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Lithuania" title="Category:Society of Lithuania">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Lithuania" title="Demographics of Lithuania">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Lithuania" title="Education in Lithuania">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Lithuania" title="List of universities and colleges in Lithuania">universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Lithuania" title="Ethnic minorities in Lithuania">Ethnic minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Lithuania">Ethnographic regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Lithuania" title="Health in Lithuania">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lithuania" title="Religion in Lithuania">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Lithuania" title="Culture of Lithuania">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_calendar" title="Lithuanian calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lithuania" title="Cinema of Lithuania">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cuisine" title="Lithuanian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuanian_culture" title="History of Lithuanian culture">Cultural history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_regions_of_Lithuania" title="Cultural regions of Lithuania">Cultural regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_design" title="Lithuanian design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_Lithuania" title="Ethnographic Lithuania">Ethnographic Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_literature" title="Lithuanian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania" title="Music of Lithuania">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registry_of_Cultural_Property_(Lithuania)" title="Registry of Cultural Property (Lithuania)">Monuments of Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Lithuania" title="Name of Lithuania">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Lithuania" title="Public holidays in Lithuania">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Lithuania" title="Sport in Lithuania">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Lithuania" title="National symbols of Lithuania">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tauti%C5%A1ka_giesm%C4%97" title="Tautiška giesmė">anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania" title="Coat of arms of Lithuania">coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lithuania" title="Flag of Lithuania">flag</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Lithuania" title="Outline of Lithuania">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Lithuania-related_articles" title="Index of Lithuania-related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lithuania" title="Category:Lithuania">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Lithuania" title="Portal:Lithuania">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Europe1244" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Europe1244" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Europe" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>4</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>3 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>2 (Sovereign Base Areas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Special areas of internal sovereignty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous region</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_convention" title="Åland convention">Åland convention</a> of 1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated area</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Svalbard_Treaty" title="Svalbard Treaty">Svalbard Treaty</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">country of the United Kingdom</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">British-Irish Agreement</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1 Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.</li> <li>2 Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.</li> <li>3 <a href="/wiki/Island#Oceanic_islands" title="Island">Oceanic islands</a> within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.</li> <li>4 Governed by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> which has sovereignty over Vatican City.</li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Europe" title="Category:Europe">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Council_of_Europe106" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Council_of_Europe" title="Template:Council of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Council_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Council of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Council_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Council of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Council_of_Europe106" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Secretary General of the Council of Europe">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Ministers_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe">Committee of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Council_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the Council of Europe">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">Court of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Commissioner for Human Rights">Commissioner for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission_for_the_Efficiency_of_Justice" title="European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice">Commission for the Efficiency of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission_against_Racism_and_Intolerance" title="European Commission against Racism and Intolerance">Commission against Racism and Intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice_Commission" title="Venice Commission">Venice Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompidou_Group" title="Pompidou Group">Pompidou Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Member states of the Council of Europe">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Armenia in the Council of Europe">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Azerbaijan in the Council of Europe">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Greece in the Council of Europe">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Council of Europe–European Union relations">EU relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia (1991–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Russia in the Council of Europe">Russia (1996–2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saar_Protectorate" title="Saar Protectorate">Saar (assoc. 1950–1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_European_Economic_Area_(EEA)514" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Economic_Area_(EEA)" title="Template:European Economic Area (EEA)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Economic_Area_(EEA)" title="Template talk:European Economic Area (EEA)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Economic_Area_(EEA)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Economic Area (EEA)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_European_Economic_Area_(EEA)514" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area (EEA)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association#Membership" title="European Free Trade Association">EFTA member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iceland–European Union relations">EU relations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Liechtenstein–European Union relations">EU relations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Norway–European Union relations">EU relations</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg/80px-Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg/120px-Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg/160px-Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="610" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">EU member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area#Membership" title="European Economic Area">provisional member</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_membership_of_the_European_Economic_Area" title="United Kingdom membership of the European Economic Area">UK membership</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Switzerland–European Union relations">CH–EU relations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="United Kingdom–European Union relations">UK–EU relations</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_bordering_the_Baltic_Sea38" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_bordering_the_Baltic_Sea" title="Template:Countries bordering the Baltic Sea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_bordering_the_Baltic_Sea" title="Template talk:Countries bordering the Baltic Sea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_bordering_the_Baltic_Sea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries bordering the Baltic Sea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_bordering_the_Baltic_Sea38" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries bordering the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_(Finland)" title="Lapland (Finland)">Lapland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="West Pomeranian Voivodeship">West Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship">Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warmian%E2%80%93Masurian_Voivodeship" title="Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship">Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Oblast" title="Leningrad Oblast">Leningrad Oblast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Baltic_states629" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Baltic_states" title="Template:Baltic states"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Baltic_states" title="Template talk:Baltic states"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Baltic_states" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baltic states"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Baltic_states629" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lithuania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_changes_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Territorial changes of the Baltic states">Territorial changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Entente" title="Baltic Entente">Baltic Entente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Baltic_Duchy" title="United Baltic Duchy">United Baltic Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Timeline of the occupation of the Baltic states">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Background_of_the_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Background of the occupation of the Baltic states">Background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1940)" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)">by the Soviet Union (1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of the Baltic states during World War II">by Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_re-occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1944)" title="Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)">by the Soviet Union (1944)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Deportations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_deportation" title="June deportation">June deportation (1941)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Priboi" title="Operation Priboi">Operation Priboi (1949)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_continuity_of_the_Baltic_states" title="State continuity of the Baltic states">State continuity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Legations_(1940%E2%80%931991)" title="Baltic Legations (1940–1991)">Diplomatic services</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_states_under_Soviet_rule_(1944%E2%80%931991)" title="Baltic states under Soviet rule (1944–1991)">Under Soviet rule (1944-91)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovietization_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Sovietization of the Baltic states">Sovietization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Way" title="Baltic Way">Baltic Way</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Baltic_states_flag_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Baltic_states_flag_map.svg/120px-Baltic_states_flag_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Baltic_states_flag_map.svg/180px-Baltic_states_flag_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Baltic_states_flag_map.svg/240px-Baltic_states_flag_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1648" data-file-height="2391" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Baltic_states_by_population" title="List of cities in the Baltic states by population">Largest cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_Baltic_states" title="List of tallest buildings in the Baltic states">tallest buildings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_in_the_Baltics" title="List of national parks in the Baltics">National parks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Assembly" title="Baltic Assembly">Baltic Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Council_of_Ministers" title="Baltic Council of Ministers">Baltic Council of Ministers</a></li> <li>Military <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Air_Policing" title="Baltic Air Policing">Air Policing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Air_Surveillance_Network" title="Baltic Air Surveillance Network">Air Surveillance Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Defence_College" title="Baltic Defence College">Defence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Naval_Squadron" title="Baltic Naval Squadron">Naval Squadron</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Tiger" title="Baltic Tiger">Baltic Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_the_Baltic_states" title="List of the busiest airports in the Baltic states">Busiest airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_states_housing_bubble" title="Baltic states housing bubble">Housing bubble</a></li> <li>Regions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Baltic_States_by_GDP" title="List of regions of Baltic States by GDP">Gross regional product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Baltic_States_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of regions of Baltic States by Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMX_Baltic_10" title="OMX Baltic 10">OMX Baltic 10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Cup_(football)" title="Baltic Cup (football)">Baltic Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Basketball_League" title="Baltic Basketball League">Baltic Basketball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_States_Swimming_Championships" title="Baltic States Swimming Championships">Swimming Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Chain_Tour" title="Baltic Chain Tour">Baltic Chain Tour</a></li> <li>Records <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Baltic_records_in_athletics" title="List of Baltic records in athletics">in athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Baltic_records_in_swimming" title="List of Baltic records in swimming">in swimming</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Baltic_states" title="Category:Baltic states">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Baltic_states" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Baltic states">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Member_states_of_the_European_Union324" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Member_states_of_the_European_Union" title="Template:Member states of the European Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Member_states_of_the_European_Union" title="Template talk:Member states of the European Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Member_states_of_the_European_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Member states of the European Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Member_states_of_the_European_Union324" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Member states</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_main_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/80px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/120px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/160px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="540" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Potential enlargement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Former members</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie304" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:La_Francophonie" title="Template:La Francophonie"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:La_Francophonie" title="Template talk:La Francophonie"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:La_Francophonie" title="Special:EditPage/Template:La Francophonie"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie304" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">National/regional members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Community_of_Belgium" title="French Community of Belgium">French Community of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Suspended members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_parlementaire_de_la_Francophonie" title="Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie">Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agence_de_Coop%C3%A9ration_Culturelle_et_Technique" title="Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique">Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agence_universitaire_de_la_Francophonie" title="Agence universitaire de la Francophonie">Agence universitaire de la Francophonie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_French_Language_Day" title="UN French Language Day">UN French Language Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Francophonie_Day" title="International Francophonie Day">International Francophonie Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeux_de_la_Francophonie" title="Jeux de la Francophonie">Jeux de la Francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_des_cinq_continents_de_la_francophonie" title="Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie">Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_des_francophones_fonctionnaires_des_organisations_internationales" title="Assemblée des francophones fonctionnaires des organisations internationales">AFFOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV5Monde" title="TV5Monde">TV5Monde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_La_Francophonie" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in La Francophonie">LGBT rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francophone_economy" title="Francophone economy">Francophone economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senghor_University" title="Senghor University">Senghor University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Category:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div 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id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 282 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-2d9xr","wgBackendResponseTime":192,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.207","walltime":"4.833","ppvisitednodes":{"value":37074,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1179335,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":56548,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":132,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1678370,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4029.268 1 -total"," 53.04% 2137.076 2 Template:Reflist"," 34.86% 1404.517 362 Template:Cite_web"," 11.29% 455.041 1 Template:Infobox_country"," 3.72% 150.033 31 Template:Cite_book"," 3.64% 146.541 1 Template:Lithuania_topics"," 3.54% 142.588 1 Template:Country_topics"," 2.90% 116.982 3 Template:ISO_3166_code"," 2.81% 113.042 1 Template:Native_name"," 2.80% 112.927 1 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