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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ruble in the Soviet Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruble_in_the_Soviet_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_Soviet_rubles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_Soviet_rubles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historical Soviet rubles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historical_Soviet_rubles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historical Soviet rubles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historical_Soviet_rubles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_Soviet_ruble_(paper),_1917–1922" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Soviet_ruble_(paper),_1917–1922"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>First Soviet ruble (paper), 1917–1922</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Soviet_ruble_(paper),_1917–1922-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gold_ruble_(chervonets),_1921–1924" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gold_ruble_(chervonets),_1921–1924"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Gold ruble (chervonets), 1921–1924</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gold_ruble_(chervonets),_1921–1924-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Soviet_ruble,_1_January_1923_–_6_March_1924" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Soviet_ruble,_1_January_1923_–_6_March_1924"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Third Soviet ruble, 1 January 1923 – 6 March 1924</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Soviet_ruble,_1_January_1923_–_6_March_1924-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_Soviet_ruble,_7_March_1924_–_1947" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_Soviet_ruble,_7_March_1924_–_1947"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Fourth Soviet ruble, 7 March 1924 – 1947</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_Soviet_ruble,_7_March_1924_–_1947-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coins,_1924–1961" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coins,_1924–1961"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Coins, 1924–1961</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coins,_1924–1961-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banknotes,_1924–1947" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banknotes,_1924–1947"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Banknotes, 1924–1947</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banknotes,_1924–1947-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifth_Soviet_ruble,_1947–1961" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_Soviet_ruble,_1947–1961"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Fifth Soviet ruble, 1947–1961</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_Soviet_ruble,_1947–1961-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Banknotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banknotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>Banknotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banknotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sixth_Soviet_ruble,_1961–1991,_(Identified_as_ISO_code_SUR)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sixth_Soviet_ruble,_1961–1991,_(Identified_as_ISO_code_SUR)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Sixth Soviet ruble, 1961–1991, (Identified as ISO code SUR)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sixth_Soviet_ruble,_1961–1991,_(Identified_as_ISO_code_SUR)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1</span> <span>Coins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banknotes_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banknotes_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.2</span> <span>Banknotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banknotes_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1989_Unreleased_Soviet_Rubles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1989_Unreleased_Soviet_Rubles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>1989 Unreleased Soviet Rubles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1989_Unreleased_Soviet_Rubles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Central_Bank_of_Russia"_project_(1990)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Central_Bank_of_Russia"_project_(1990)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>"Central Bank of Russia" project (1990)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Central_Bank_of_Russia"_project_(1990)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1991_Forgotten_Soviet_banknote_project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1991_Forgotten_Soviet_banknote_project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>1991 Forgotten Soviet banknote project</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1991_Forgotten_Soviet_banknote_project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seventh_Soviet_ruble,_1991–1993" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seventh_Soviet_ruble,_1991–1993"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Seventh Soviet ruble, 1991–1993</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seventh_Soviet_ruble,_1991–1993-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coins_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coins_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10.1</span> <span>Coins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coins_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banknotes_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banknotes_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10.2</span> <span>Banknotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banknotes_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1992_Soviet_rubles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1992_Soviet_rubles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>1992 Soviet rubles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1992_Soviet_rubles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economic role</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exchange_rates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exchange_rates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Exchange rates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exchange_rates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Replacement_currencies_in_the_former_Soviet_republics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replacement_currencies_in_the_former_Soviet_republics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Replacement currencies in the former Soviet republics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replacement_currencies_in_the_former_Soviet_republics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Soviet ruble</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="روبل سوفيتي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبل سوفيتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rublu_sovi%C3%A9ticu" title="Rublu soviéticu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rublu soviéticu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSR%C4%B0_rublu" title="SSRİ rublu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="SSRİ rublu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2" title="সোভিয়েত রুবল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সোভিয়েত রুবল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Савецкі рубель – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Савецкі рубель" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Савецкі рубель – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Савецкі рубель" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Съветска рубла – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Съветска рубла" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruble_sovi%C3%A8tic" title="Ruble soviètic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ruble soviètic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sov%C4%9Btsk%C3%BD_rubl" title="Sovětský rubl – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sovětský rubl" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetischer_Rubel" title="Sowjetischer Rubel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sowjetischer Rubel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B5ukogude_rubla" title="Nõukogude rubla – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nõukogude rubla" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%B9_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%88%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Ρούβλι Σοβιετικής Ένωσης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρούβλι Σοβιετικής Ένωσης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rublo_sovi%C3%A9tico" title="Rublo soviético – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rublo soviético" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovetia_rublo" title="Sovetia rublo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sovetia rublo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobietar_errublo" title="Sobietar errublo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sobietar errublo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C" title="روبل شوروی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روبل شوروی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouble_sovi%C3%A9tique" title="Rouble soviétique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rouble soviétique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rublo_sovi%C3%A9tico" title="Rublo soviético – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rublo soviético" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%A0%A8_%EB%A3%A8%EB%B8%94" title="소련 루블 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소련 루블" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%8D%D5%80%D5%84_%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%AC%D5%AB" title="ԽՍՀՄ ռուբլի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ԽՍՀՄ ռուբլի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetski_rubalj" title="Sovjetski rubalj – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sovjetski rubalj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubel_Soviet" title="Rubel Soviet – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rubel Soviet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A6%C3%A6%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Советон Цæдисы сом – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Советон Цæдисы сом" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rublo_sovietico" title="Rublo sovietico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rublo sovietico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%A1%D0%A0%D0%9E_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96" title="КСРО рублі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="КСРО рублі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taryb%C5%B3_S%C4%85jungos_rublis" title="Tarybų Sąjungos rublis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tarybų Sąjungos rublis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szovjet_rubel" title="Szovjet rubel – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szovjet rubel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="सोव्हिएत रूबल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सोव्हिएत रूबल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სსრრ-იშ რუბლი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სსრრ-იშ რუბლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjet-roebel" title="Sovjet-roebel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sovjet-roebel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%93%E3%82%A8%E3%83%88%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB" title="ソビエト連邦・ルーブル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソビエト連邦・ルーブル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetisk_rubel" title="Sovjetisk rubel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sovjetisk rubel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2" title="ਸੋਵੀਅਤ ਰੂਬਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੋਵੀਅਤ ਰੂਬਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubel_radziecki" title="Rubel radziecki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rubel radziecki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rublo_sovi%C3%A9tico" title="Rublo soviético – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rublo soviético" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubl%C4%83_sovietic%C4%83" title="Rublă sovietică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rublă sovietică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0" title="Рубль СССР – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рубль СССР" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovietsky_rube%C4%BE" title="Sovietsky rubeľ – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sovietsky rubeľ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Совјетска рубља – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Совјетска рубља" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuvostoliiton_rupla" title="Neuvostoliiton rupla – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Neuvostoliiton rupla" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetisk_rubel" title="Sovjetisk rubel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sovjetisk rubel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="சோவியத் ரூபிள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சோவியத் ரூபிள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovyet_rublesi" title="Sovyet rublesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sovyet rublesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Радянський карбованець – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Радянський карбованець" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Currency of the Soviet Union</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Ruble</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Pубль</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>)</span><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;padding-left:2.5em;font-size:85%;"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">14 other official names</span></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk">карбованець</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>)</span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span title="Uzbek-language text"><span lang="uz">сўм</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a>)</span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span title="Kazakh-language text"><span lang="kk">сом</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a>)</span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span title="Belarusian-language text"><span lang="be">рубель</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>)</span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span title="Azerbaijani-language text"><span lang="az">манат</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>)</span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka">მანეთი</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>)</span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">сӯм</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a>)</span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span title="Romanian-language text"><span lang="ro-Cyrl">рублэ</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>)</span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky">сом</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a>)</span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span title="Lithuanian-language text"><i lang="lt">rublis</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>)</span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span title="Turkmen-language text"><span lang="tk">манат</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a>)</span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy">ռուբլի</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>)</span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span title="Latvian-language text"><i lang="lv">rublis</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a>)</span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span title="Estonian-language text"><i lang="et">rubla</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.3em 0.6em 0.3em 0.6em"><table style="display:table; margin:0 auto; background:none"><tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Obverse.jpg/126px-Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Obverse.jpg/189px-Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Obverse.jpg/252px-Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4951" data-file-height="2466" /></a></span></td> <td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1_ruble_1988.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/1_ruble_1988.png/126px-1_ruble_1988.png" decoding="async" width="126" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/1_ruble_1988.png/189px-1_ruble_1988.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/1_ruble_1988.png/252px-1_ruble_1988.png 2x" data-file-width="3166" data-file-height="1523" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td style="text-align: center">Obverse of Rbl 1 banknote (1961)</td><td style="text-align: center">Rbl 1 coin (1988)</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightpink"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Code</th><td class="infobox-data">SUR</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightpink">Unit</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Plural</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>rubli</i> (nom. pl.), <i>rubley</i> (gen. pl.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Symbol</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="font-size:120%">руб or р</span>‎ (in <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic</a>)<br /><span style="font-size:120%">Rbl/Rbls</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <span style="font-size:120%">R</span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightpink"><a href="/wiki/Denomination_(currency)" title="Denomination (currency)">Denominations</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subunit</th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">100</span></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data">kopeck (копейка)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Plural</th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> kopeck (копейка)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>kopeyki</i> (nom. pl.), <i>kopeyek</i> (gen. pl.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> kopeck (копейка)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">коп. or к. in Cyrillic<br />kop., cop. or k (in Latin)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Banknotes</th><td class="infobox-data">Rbl 1, Rbls 3, Rbls 5, Rbls 10, Rbls 25, Rbls 50, Rbls 100, Rbls 200, Rbls 500, Rbls 1,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coins</th><td class="infobox-data">1 kop, 2 kop, 3 kop, 5 kop, 10 kop, 15 kop, 20 kop, 50 kop, Rbl 1, Rbls 3, Rbls 5, Rbls 10</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightpink">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date of introduction</th><td class="infobox-data">1922</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Replaced</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ruble#Russian_Empire" title="Ruble">Imperial Russian ruble</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date of withdrawal</th><td class="infobox-data">1992–1994</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Replaced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Replacement_currencies_in_the_former_Soviet_republics"><i>see below</i></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">User(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1922–1991:</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>until 1992:<sup id="cite_ref-IMF01_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF01-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>until 1993:<sup id="cite_ref-IMF01_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF01-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Georgia_%281990%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia_%281990%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Georgia_%281990%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia_%281990%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Georgia_%281990%E2%80%932004%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Georgia_%281990%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_Turkmenistan_%281992-1997%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan_%281992-1997%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_Turkmenistan_%281992-1997%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan_%281992-1997%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_Turkmenistan_%281992-1997%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan_%281992-1997%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>until 1994:<sup id="cite_ref-IMF01_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF01-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightpink">Issuance</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central bank</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gosbank" class="mw-redirect" title="Gosbank">State Bank of the Soviet Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Printer_(publishing)" title="Printer (publishing)">Printer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Goznak" title="Goznak">Goznak</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mint_(facility)" title="Mint (facility)">Mint</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Mint" title="Saint Petersburg Mint">Leningrad</a> (1921–1941; 1946–1991)<br /><a href="/wiki/Krasnokamsk" title="Krasnokamsk">Krasnokamsk</a> (1941–46)<br /><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Mint" title="Moscow Mint">Moscow</a> (1982–1991)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9;"><i>This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete.</i></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>ruble</b> or <b>rouble</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span></span>/</a></span></span>; Russian: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">рубль</span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>:</small> <span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">rubl'</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[rublʲ]</a></span>) was the currency of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. It was introduced in 1922 and replaced the <a href="/wiki/Ruble#Russian_Empire" title="Ruble">Imperial Russian ruble</a>. One ruble was divided into 100 <a href="/wiki/Kopeck" title="Kopeck">kopecks</a> (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">копейка, pl. копейки</span></span> – <i>kopeyka</i>, <i>kopeyki</i>). Soviet banknotes and coins were produced by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise (or <a href="/wiki/Goznak" title="Goznak">Goznak</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leningrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad">Leningrad</a>. </p><p>In addition to regular cash rubles, other types of rubles were also issued, such as several forms of <i>convertible ruble</i>, transferable ruble, clearing ruble, Vneshtorgbank cheque, etc.; also, several forms of virtual rubles (called "cashless ruble", <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">безналичный рубль</span></span>) were used for inter-enterprise accounting and international settlement in the <a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a> zone.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1991, after the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a>, the Soviet ruble continued to be used in the <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">post-Soviet states</a>, forming a "ruble zone", until it was replaced with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian ruble</a> in September 1993. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ruble" title="Ruble">Ruble</a></div> <p>The word <i>ruble</i> is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Slavic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic language">Slavic</a> verb <span title="Slavic languages collective text"><span lang="sla">рубить</span></span>, <i>rubit'</i>, i.e., 'to chop'. Historically, a "ruble" was a piece of a certain weight chopped off a <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> <a href="/wiki/Ingot" title="Ingot">ingot</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grivna" title="Grivna">grivna</a>), hence the name. </p><p>The word <i>kopeck</i> or <i>copeck</i> (in Russian: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">копейка</span></span> <i>kopeyka</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">diminutive</a> form of the Russian <i>kop'yo</i> (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">копьё</span></span>)—a spear. The reason for this is that a <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">horseman</a> armed with a spear was stamped on one of the faces of the coin. The first kopeck coins, minted at Novgorod and Pskov from about 1534 onwards, show a horseman with a spear. From the 1540s onwards the horseman bears a crown, and doubtless the intention was to represent <a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Terrible" title="Ivan the Terrible">Ivan the Terrible</a>, who was Grand Prince of all Russia until 1547, and Tsar thereafter. Subsequent mintings of the coin, starting in the 18th century, bear instead Saint George striking down a serpent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ruble_in_the_Soviet_Union">Ruble in the Soviet Union</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ruble in the Soviet Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Reverse.jpg/400px-Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Reverse.jpg/600px-Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Reverse.jpg/800px-Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4930" data-file-height="2463" /></a><figcaption>Reverse of the 1-ruble note of the 1961 series, with the value in all the official languages of the <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">Union Republics</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Soviet currency had its own name in all the <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Languages of the Soviet Union">languages of the Soviet Union</a>, often different from its Russian designation. All banknotes had the currency name and their nominal printed in the languages of every <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">Soviet Republic</a>. This naming is preserved in modern Russia; for example: <a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a> for 'ruble' and 'kopeck' are <span title="Tatar-language text"><span lang="tt">сум</span></span> (<i>sum</i>) and <span title="Tatar-language text"><span lang="tt">тиен</span></span> (<i>tiyen</i>). The current names of several currencies of <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> are simply the local names of the ruble. <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> last appeared on 1947 banknotes since the <a href="/wiki/Karelo-Finnish_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic">Karelo-Finnish SSR</a> was dissolved in 1956. </p><p>The name of the currency in the languages of the fifteen republics, in the order they appeared in the banknotes: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Language</th> <th colspan="2">In local language</th> <th colspan="2">IPA Transcription </th></tr> <tr> <th>ruble</th> <th>kopeck</th> <th>ruble</th> <th>kopeck </th></tr> <tr> <td width="20%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> </td> <td width="20%"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">рубль</span></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">копейка</span></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ˈrublʲ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/24\/Ru-%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C.ogg\/Ru-%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ru-\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u044c.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/Ru-%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ru-%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C.ogg" title="File:Ru-рубль.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[kɐˈpʲejkə]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement 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oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ru-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0.ogg" title="File:Ru-копейка.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> </td> <td><span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk">карбованець</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk">копійка</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="uk-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">[kɐrˈbovɑnet͡sʲ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/68\/Uk-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C.ogg\/Uk-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Uk-\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0446\u044c.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Uk-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C.ogg/Uk-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Uk-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C.ogg" title="File:Uk-карбованець.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="uk-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">[koˈpijkɐ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/2a\/Uk-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0.ogg\/Uk-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Uk-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u0439\u043a\u0430.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Uk-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0.ogg/Uk-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Uk-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0.ogg" title="File:Uk-копійка.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> </td> <td><span title="Belarusian-language text"><span lang="be">рубель</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Belarusian-language text"><span lang="be">капейка</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="be-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Belarusian" title="Help:IPA/Belarusian">[ˈrubʲɛlʲ]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="be-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Belarusian" title="Help:IPA/Belarusian">[kaˈpʲɛjka]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-5" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/dd\/Be-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0.ogg\/Be-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Be-\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0430.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/Be-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0.ogg/Be-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Be-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0.ogg" title="File:Be-капейка.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> </td> <td><span title="Uzbek-language text"><span lang="uz">сўм</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Uzbek-language text"><span lang="uz">тийин</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="uz-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Uzbek" title="Help:IPA/Uzbek">[som]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="uz-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Uzbek" title="Help:IPA/Uzbek">[tijin]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a> </td> <td><span title="Kazakh-language text"><span lang="kk">сом</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Kazakh-language text"><span lang="kk">тиын</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="kk-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kazakh" title="Help:IPA/Kazakh">[swʊm]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="kk-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kazakh" title="Help:IPA/Kazakh">[tɪjən]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a> </td> <td><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky">сом</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky">тыйын</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ky-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">[som]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ky-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">[ˈtɯjɯn]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">сӯм</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">тин</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">[sɵm]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">[tin]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a> </td> <td><span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka">მანეთი</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka">კაპიკი</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ka-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Georgian" title="Help:IPA/Georgian">[manetʰi]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ka-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Georgian" title="Help:IPA/Georgian">[kʼapʼikʼi]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> </td> <td><span title="Azerbaijani-language text"><span lang="az">манат</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Azerbaijani-language text"><span lang="az">гәпик</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="az-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Azerbaijani" title="Help:IPA/Azerbaijani">[mɑnɑt]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="az-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Azerbaijani" title="Help:IPA/Azerbaijani">[ɡæpik]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a> </td> <td><span title="Turkmen-language text"><span lang="tk">манат</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Turkmen-language text"><span lang="tk">көпүк</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tk-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkmen" title="Help:IPA/Turkmen">[mɑnɑt]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tk-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkmen" title="Help:IPA/Turkmen">[kœpʏk]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a> </td> <td><span title="Lithuanian-language text"><i lang="lt">rublis</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Lithuanian-language text"><i lang="lt">kapeika</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">[ˈrʊbɫɪs]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">[kɐˈpɛɪkɐ]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a> </td> <td><span title="Latvian-language text"><i lang="lv">rublis</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Latvian-language text"><i lang="lv">kapeika</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lv-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latvian" title="Help:IPA/Latvian">[ˈrublis]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lv-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latvian" title="Help:IPA/Latvian">[ˈkapɛika]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a> </td> <td><span title="Estonian-language text"><i lang="et">rubla</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Estonian-language text"><i lang="et">kopikas</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="et-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Estonian" title="Help:IPA/Estonian">[ˈrublɑ]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="et-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Estonian" title="Help:IPA/Estonian">[ˈkopikɑs]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> </td> <td><span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">rupla</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">kopeekka</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ro-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">[ˈruplɑ]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ro-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">[ˈkopeːkːɑ]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a> </td> <td><span title="Romanian-language text"><span lang="ro-Cyrl">рублэ</span></span>/<span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">rublă</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Romanian-language text"><span lang="ro-Cyrl">копейкэ</span></span>/<span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">copeică</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ro-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">[ˈrublə]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ro-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">[koˈpejkə]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> </td> <td><span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy">ռուբլի</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy">կոպեկ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hy-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Armenian" title="Help:IPA/Armenian">[ˈrubli]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hy-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Armenian" title="Help:IPA/Armenian">[ˈkɔpɛk]</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Note that the scripts for <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a> and gradually <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a> have switched from <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> to <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Breakup of the Soviet Union">breakup of the Soviet Union</a>. <a href="/wiki/Moldovan_language" title="Moldovan language">Moldovan</a> has switched to Latin and is once again referred to as <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>. </p><p>These fifteen names derive from four roots: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a> verb <span title="Slavic languages collective text"><span lang="sla">рубить</span></span>, <span title="Slavic languages romanization"><i lang="sla-Latn">rubit'</i></span>, "chop"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> root <span title="Turkic languages collective text"><i lang="trk">som</i></span>, "pure"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">monēta</i></span>, "coin"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Ruthenian" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Ruthenian">Old Ruthenian</a> <span title="East Slavic languages collective text"><i lang="zle">karbuvaty</i></span>, "carve", "emboss", "mint"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_Soviet_rubles">Historical Soviet rubles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Historical Soviet rubles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Soviet_ruble_(paper),_1917–1922"><span id="First_Soviet_ruble_.28paper.29.2C_1917.E2.80.931922"></span>First Soviet ruble (paper), 1917–1922</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: First Soviet ruble (paper), 1917–1922"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first ruble issued for the Soviet government was a preliminary issue still based on the previous issue of the ruble prior to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution_(1917)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Revolution (1917)">Russian Revolution of 1917</a>. They are all in banknote form and started their issue in 1919. At this time other issues were made by the <a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">white Russian government</a> and other governing bodies. During that time, the Russian economy suffered from <a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_early_Soviet_Russia" title="Hyperinflation in early Soviet Russia">hyperinflation</a>. </p><p>Denominations were as follows: 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 60, 100, 250, 500, 1,000, 5,000, 10,000, 25,000, 50,000, and 100,000 rubles. Short-term treasury certificates were also issued to supplement banknote issue in 1,000,000, 5,000,000, and 10,000,000 rubles. These issue was printed in various fashions, as inflation crept up the security features were few and some were printed on one side, as was the case for the German inflationary notes. </p><p><b>Banknotes</b>: In 1918, state credit notes were introduced by the RSFSR for 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 rubles. These were followed in 1919 by currency notes for 1, 2, 3, 15, 20, 60, 100, 250, 500, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 rubles, and in 1921 with notes for 5, 50, 25,000, 50,000, 100,000, 1,000,000, 5,000,000, and 10,000,000 rubles were added. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gold_ruble_(chervonets),_1921–1924"><span id="Gold_ruble_.28chervonets.29.2C_1921.E2.80.931924"></span>Gold ruble (chervonets), 1921–1924</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gold ruble (chervonets), 1921–1924"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_rouble_of_1922.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/1_rouble_of_1922.jpg/200px-1_rouble_of_1922.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/1_rouble_of_1922.jpg/300px-1_rouble_of_1922.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/1_rouble_of_1922.jpg/400px-1_rouble_of_1922.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="994" /></a><figcaption>Silver ruble of 1922</figcaption></figure> <p>Upon launch of the <a href="/wiki/New_Economic_Policy" title="New Economic Policy">New Economic Policy</a> in 1921 came efforts to revive as currency and accounting unit the pre-war <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a> ruble, equal to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">10</span></span> of a <a href="/wiki/Chervonets" title="Chervonets">chervonets</a> (with Rbls 10. equal to 8.602 g of 90% fine gold, then equal to US$5.14).<sup id="cite_ref-redenominations_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redenominations-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gold ruble existed in parallel with the paper ruble of 1917–1922, which continued to depreciate versus the former, climbing to 50 billion paper rubles per gold ruble in March 1924. </p><p><b>Coins</b>: The first coinage after the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> was minted in 1921–1923 according to pre-war Czarist standards, with silver coins of 10, 15 and 20 kopecks minted in 50% silver, 50 kopecks ("poltinnik" or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> ruble) and 1 ruble in 90% silver, and 10 rubles (one <a href="/wiki/Chervonets" title="Chervonets">chervonets</a>) in 90% gold. These coins bore the emblem and legends of the <a href="/wiki/RSFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="RSFSR">RSFSR</a> (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) and depicted the famous slogan, "Workers of the world, Unite!". These coins would continue to circulate after the RSFSR was consolidated into the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a> with other Soviet Republics until the discontinuation of silver coinage in 1931. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Soviet_ruble,_1_January_1923_–_6_March_1924"><span id="Third_Soviet_ruble.2C_1_January_1923_.E2.80.93_6_March_1924"></span>Third Soviet ruble, 1 January 1923 – 6 March 1924</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Third Soviet ruble, 1 January 1923 – 6 March 1924"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The third Soviet ruble was issued equal to 1,000,000 paper rubles of 1917–1922, simply to handle the unwieldiness over the number of digits in the first currency. Again it continued to depreciate versus the gold ruble until the latter climbed to Rbls 50,000 in 1924. Only paper money was issued, in the form of state currency notes in denominations of 50 kopecks and 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 rubles. </p><p>In early 1924, just before the next redenomination, the first paper money was issued in the name of the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a>, featuring the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of the Soviet Union">state emblem</a> with six bands around the wheat, representing the languages of the then four constituent republics of the Union: <a href="/wiki/Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian SFSR">Russian SFSR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcaucasian SFSR">Transcaucasian SFSR</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Byelorussian SSR">Byelorussian SSR</a>. They were dated 1923 and were in denominations of 10,000, 15,000, and 25,000 rubles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_Soviet_ruble,_7_March_1924_–_1947"><span id="Fourth_Soviet_ruble.2C_7_March_1924_.E2.80.93_1947"></span>Fourth Soviet ruble, 7 March 1924 – 1947</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fourth Soviet ruble, 7 March 1924 – 1947"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>'s consolidation of power following the death of Lenin, a final redenomination occurred which replaced all previously issued currencies. The fourth Soviet ruble was equal to 50,000 rubles of the third issue, or 50 billion paper rubles of the first issue, and began at par with the gold ruble (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">10</span></span> chervonets). It built on the stability in the exchange value of the third ruble which happened towards the end of 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-redenominations_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redenominations-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Coins began to be issued again in 1924, while paper money was issued in rubles for values below 10 rubles and in chervontsy for higher denominations. No chervontsy were issued in gold, just decrees on the parity of circulating rubles with the gold ruble, which already failed to take hold as early as 1925. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coins,_1924–1961"><span id="Coins.2C_1924.E2.80.931961"></span>Coins, 1924–1961</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Coins, 1924–1961"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Soviet_ruble" title="Special:EditPage/Soviet ruble">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poltinnik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Poltinnik.jpg/200px-Poltinnik.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Poltinnik.jpg/300px-Poltinnik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Poltinnik.jpg/400px-Poltinnik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>1924 poltinnik (Rbl <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1924, copper and silver coins were again minted to pre-war Czarist standards, in denominations of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>, 1, 2, 3 and 5 kopecks in copper, 10, 15 and 20 kopecks in 50% silver, and 50 kopecks and 1 ruble in 90% silver. From this issue onward, the coins were minted in the name of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR (Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics)</a>. The "Workers of the World" slogan was carried forward. Coins issued 1921–1923 representing the gold ruble continued to circulate at par with this post-1924 ruble. </p><p>Copper coins were minted in two types; plain edge and reeded edge, with the plain-edged types being the fewest in number. The 1 Rbl coin was only issued in 1924, the poltinnik (or Rbl <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>) was issued 1924–27, and the <a href="/wiki/Denga" title="Denga">denga</a> (or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> kop) was issued from 1925 to 1928. In 1926, smaller aluminium-bronze coins were minted to replace the large copper ones (1 to 5 kopecks), but were not released until 1928. The larger coins were then melted down. </p><p>Stalin failed to maintain the ruble's value versus the gold ruble as early as 1925, and by 1930 its value even struggled to stay above the melt value of the silver 10-, 15- and 20-kopeck coins. Soviet authorities scapegoated "hoarders" and "exchange speculators" as responsible for the shortages, and confiscatory measures were taken. In 1931, the remaining silver coins were replaced with redesigned <a href="/wiki/Cupronickel" title="Cupronickel">cupro-nickel</a> coins depicting a male worker holding up a shield which contained the denominations of each. All silver coins were to be returned and melted down. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">1926 and 1931 issues </th></tr> <tr> <th>Image </th> <th>Value </th> <th>Diameter </th> <th>Mass </th> <th>Minted </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/140px-1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/210px-1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/280px-1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="380" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>1 kop</big> </td> <td>15 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1926–1935 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/140px-2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/210px-2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/280px-2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1431" data-file-height="742" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>2 kop</big> </td> <td>18 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1926–1935 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/3_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/140px-3_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/3_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/210px-3_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/3_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/280px-3_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1480" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>3 kop</big> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1926–1935 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/140px-5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/210px-5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/280px-5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="420" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>5 kop</big> </td> <td>25 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1926–1935 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/140px-10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/210px-10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/280px-10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1414" data-file-height="722" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>10 kop</big> </td> <td>17,27 </td> <td>1,8 </td> <td>1931–1934 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/140px-15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/210px-15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/280px-15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1427" data-file-height="735" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>15 kop</big> </td> <td>19,56 </td> <td>2,7 </td> <td>1931–1934 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/140px-20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/210px-20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg/280px-20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1931_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="729" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>20 kop</big> </td> <td>21,84 </td> <td>3,6 </td> <td>1931–1934 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1935, the reverse of the 10-, 15- and 20-kopeck coins were redesigned again with a simpler <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Decor</a>-inspired design, with the obverse of all denominations also redesigned, having the "Workers of the world, unite!" slogan dropped. The change of the obverse designs did not affect the smaller coins immediately, as some 1935 issues bore the "Workers of the World" design while some bore the new "CCCP" design. The state emblem also went through a series of changes between 1935 and 1957 as new Soviet republics were added or created, this can be noted by the number of "ribbons" wrapped around the wheat sheaves. This coin series remained in circulation during and after the monetary reform of 1947 and was finally discontinued in 1961. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">1935 issue </th></tr> <tr> <th>Image </th> <th>Value </th> <th>Diameter </th> <th>Mass </th> <th>Minting </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/140px-1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/210px-1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/280px-1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>1 kop</big> </td> <td>15 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1935–1941 <p>1945–1946 1948–1957 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/140px-2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/210px-2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/280px-2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>2 kop</big> </td> <td>18 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1935–1941 <p>1945–1946 1948–1957 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/3_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/140px-3_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/3_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/210px-3_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/3_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/280px-3_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>3 kop</big> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1935–1941 1943 <p>1945–1946 1948–1957 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/140px-5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/210px-5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/280px-5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="442" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>5 kop</big> </td> <td>25 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1935–1941 1943 <p>1945–1946 1948–1957 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/140px-10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/210px-10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/280px-10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1415" data-file-height="719" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>10 kop</big> </td> <td>17,27 </td> <td>1,8 </td> <td>1935–1946 <p>1948–1957 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/140px-15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/210px-15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/280px-15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>15 kop</big> </td> <td>19,56 </td> <td>2,7 </td> <td>1935–1946 <p>1948–1957 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/140px-20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/210px-20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg/280px-20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF._%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1938_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1432" data-file-height="736" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>20 kop</big> </td> <td>21,84 </td> <td>3,6 </td> <td>1935–1946 <p>1948–1957 </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In August 1941, the wartime emergency prompted the minting facilities to be evacuated from the <a href="/wiki/Neva" title="Neva">Neva</a> district in Moscow and relocated to <a href="/wiki/Perm_Oblast" title="Perm Oblast">Permskaya Oblast</a> as German forces continued to advance eastward. It only became possible to resume coin production in the autumn of 1942, for one year the country was using coins made before the war. Furthermore, the coins were made of what had suddenly become precious metals – copper and nickel, which were needed for the defense industry. This meant many coins were being produced in only limited quantities, with some denominations being skipped altogether until the crisis finally abated in late 1944. These disruptions led to severe coin shortages in many regions. Limits were put in place on how much change could be carried in coins with limits of 3 Rbls for individuals and 10 Rbls for vendors to prevent hoarding as coins became increasingly high in demand. Only high inflation and wartime rationing helped ease pressure significantly. In some instances, postage stamps and coupons were being used in place of small denomination coins. It was not until 1947 that there were finally enough coins in circulation to meet economic demand and restrictions could be eased. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Banknotes,_1924–1947"><span id="Banknotes.2C_1924.E2.80.931947"></span>Banknotes, 1924–1947</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Banknotes, 1924–1947"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1924, state currency notes were introduced for 1, 3, and 5 gold rubles (рубль золотом). These circulated alongside the <a href="/wiki/Russian_chervonets" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian chervonets">chervonets</a> notes introduced in 1922 by the State Bank in denominations of 1, 3, 5, 10 and 25 chervontsy. State Treasury notes replaced the state currency notes after 1928. In 1938, new notes were issued for 1, 3 and 5 rubles, dropping the word "gold". </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">1938 Series </th></tr> <tr> <th>Image</th> <th>Denomination</th> <th>Obverse</th> <th>Reverse </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USSR_banknote._1_ruble._Version_of_1938_year._Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/USSR_banknote._1_ruble._Version_of_1938_year._Front.jpg/175px-USSR_banknote._1_ruble._Version_of_1938_year._Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/USSR_banknote._1_ruble._Version_of_1938_year._Front.jpg/263px-USSR_banknote._1_ruble._Version_of_1938_year._Front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/USSR_banknote._1_ruble._Version_of_1938_year._Front.jpg/350px-USSR_banknote._1_ruble._Version_of_1938_year._Front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="2323" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1rouble1938a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/1rouble1938a.jpg/175px-1rouble1938a.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/1rouble1938a.jpg/263px-1rouble1938a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/1rouble1938a.jpg/350px-1rouble1938a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2926" data-file-height="1384" /></a></span></td> <td>Rbl 1</td> <td>Miner</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3roubles1938b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/3roubles1938b.jpg/175px-3roubles1938b.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/3roubles1938b.jpg/263px-3roubles1938b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/3roubles1938b.jpg/350px-3roubles1938b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3206" data-file-height="1559" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3roubles1938a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/3roubles1938a.jpg/175px-3roubles1938a.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/3roubles1938a.jpg/263px-3roubles1938a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/3roubles1938a.jpg/350px-3roubles1938a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 3</td> <td>Soldiers</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:5roubles1938b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/5roubles1938b.jpg/175px-5roubles1938b.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/5roubles1938b.jpg/263px-5roubles1938b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/5roubles1938b.jpg/350px-5roubles1938b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5687" data-file-height="2698" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:5roubles1938a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/5roubles1938a.jpg/175px-5roubles1938a.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/5roubles1938a.jpg/263px-5roubles1938a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/5roubles1938a.jpg/350px-5roubles1938a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1137" data-file-height="542" /></a></span></td> <td>Rbls 5</td> <td>Pilot</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1chervonetz1937a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/1chervonetz1937a.jpg/175px-1chervonetz1937a.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/1chervonetz1937a.jpg/263px-1chervonetz1937a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/1chervonetz1937a.jpg/350px-1chervonetz1937a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="393" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1chervonetz1937b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/1chervonetz1937b.jpg/175px-1chervonetz1937b.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/1chervonetz1937b.jpg/263px-1chervonetz1937b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/1chervonetz1937b.jpg/350px-1chervonetz1937b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="393" /></a></span> </td> <td>1 чрв</td> <td rowspan="4">Lenin</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3chervontza1937a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/3chervontza1937a.jpg/175px-3chervontza1937a.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/3chervontza1937a.jpg/263px-3chervontza1937a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/3chervontza1937a.jpg/350px-3chervontza1937a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6708" data-file-height="3458" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3chervontza1937b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/3chervontza1937b.jpg/175px-3chervontza1937b.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/3chervontza1937b.jpg/263px-3chervontza1937b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/3chervontza1937b.jpg/350px-3chervontza1937b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6729" data-file-height="3438" /></a></span> </td> <td>3 чрв</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:5roubles1937b.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/5roubles1937b.JPG/175px-5roubles1937b.JPG" decoding="async" width="175" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/5roubles1937b.JPG/263px-5roubles1937b.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/5roubles1937b.JPG/350px-5roubles1937b.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4206" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:5roubles1937a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/5roubles1937a.jpg/175px-5roubles1937a.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/5roubles1937a.jpg/263px-5roubles1937a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/5roubles1937a.jpg/350px-5roubles1937a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4142" data-file-height="2120" /></a></span> </td> <td>5 чрв</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2.jpg/175px-%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2.jpg/263px-%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2.jpg/350px-%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="413" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:10roubles1937a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/10roubles1937a.jpg/175px-10roubles1937a.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/10roubles1937a.jpg/263px-10roubles1937a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/10roubles1937a.jpg/350px-10roubles1937a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="410" /></a></span> </td> <td>10 чрв</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifth_Soviet_ruble,_1947–1961"><span id="Fifth_Soviet_ruble.2C_1947.E2.80.931961"></span>Fifth Soviet ruble, 1947–1961</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fifth Soviet ruble, 1947–1961"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following World War II, the Soviet government implemented a confiscatory redenomination of its currency (decreed on December 14, 1947) to reduce the amount of money in circulation. The main purpose of this change was to prevent peasants who had accumulated cash by selling food at wartime prices from using this to buy consumer goods as the postwar recovery took hold.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Old rubles were revalued at one tenth of their face value. This mainly affected paper money in the hands of private individuals. Amounts of Rbls 3,000 or less in individual private bank accounts were not revalued, while salaries remained the same. This revaluation coincided with the end of wartime rationing and efforts to lower prices and curtail inflation, though the effects in some cases actually resulted in higher inflation. Unlike other reforms, this one did not affect coins. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Banknotes">Banknotes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Banknotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1947, State Treasury notes were introduced in denominations of 1, 3 and 5 rubles, along with State Bank notes for denominations of 10, 25, 50 and 100 rubles. The State Bank notes depicted Lenin while the Treasury notes depicted floral artistic designs. All denominations were colored and patterned in a similar fashion to late Czarist notes. </p><p>In 1957, all these notes were reissued with the old date but modified design: following the abolition of the <a href="/wiki/Karelo-Finnish_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Karelo-Finnish SSR">Karelo-Finnish SSR</a>, the number of ribbons on the state emblem was reduced from 16 to 15, and the nominal in Finnish was removed from the obverse. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">1947 Series </th></tr> <tr> <th>Image</th> <th>Denomination</th> <th>Obverse</th> <th>Reverse </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1rouble1947b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/1rouble1947b.jpg/100px-1rouble1947b.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/1rouble1947b.jpg/150px-1rouble1947b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/1rouble1947b.jpg/200px-1rouble1947b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1868" data-file-height="2888" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1rouble1947a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/1rouble1947a.jpg/100px-1rouble1947a.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/1rouble1947a.jpg/150px-1rouble1947a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/1rouble1947a.jpg/200px-1rouble1947a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1928" data-file-height="2936" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td>Rbl 1</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/State_Emblem_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="State Emblem of the Soviet Union">State Emblem of the Soviet Union</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3roubles1947b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/3roubles1947b.jpg/100px-3roubles1947b.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/3roubles1947b.jpg/150px-3roubles1947b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/3roubles1947b.jpg/200px-3roubles1947b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="3164" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3roubles1947a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/3roubles1947a.jpg/100px-3roubles1947a.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/3roubles1947a.jpg/150px-3roubles1947a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/3roubles1947a.jpg/200px-3roubles1947a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1988" data-file-height="3164" /></a></span></td> <td>Rbls 3</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:5roubles1947b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/5roubles1947b.jpg/100px-5roubles1947b.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/5roubles1947b.jpg/150px-5roubles1947b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/5roubles1947b.jpg/200px-5roubles1947b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:5roubles1947a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/5roubles1947a.jpg/100px-5roubles1947a.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/5roubles1947a.jpg/150px-5roubles1947a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/5roubles1947a.jpg/200px-5roubles1947a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td> <td>Rbls 5</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:10roubles1947b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/10roubles1947b.jpg/100px-10roubles1947b.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/10roubles1947b.jpg/150px-10roubles1947b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/10roubles1947b.jpg/200px-10roubles1947b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="466" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:10roubles1947a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/10roubles1947a.jpg/100px-10roubles1947a.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/10roubles1947a.jpg/150px-10roubles1947a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/10roubles1947a.jpg/200px-10roubles1947a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="470" /></a></span></td> <td>Rbls 10</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:25roubles1947b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/25roubles1947b.jpg/100px-25roubles1947b.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/25roubles1947b.jpg/150px-25roubles1947b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/25roubles1947b.jpg/200px-25roubles1947b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3980" data-file-height="2240" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:25roubles1947a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/25roubles1947a.jpg/100px-25roubles1947a.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/25roubles1947a.jpg/150px-25roubles1947a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/25roubles1947a.jpg/200px-25roubles1947a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3996" data-file-height="2240" /></a></span></td> <td>Rbls 25</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:50_roubles_%C3%A0_l%27effigie_de_L%C3%A9nine,_1947.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/50_roubles_%C3%A0_l%27effigie_de_L%C3%A9nine%2C_1947.jpg/100px-50_roubles_%C3%A0_l%27effigie_de_L%C3%A9nine%2C_1947.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/50_roubles_%C3%A0_l%27effigie_de_L%C3%A9nine%2C_1947.jpg/150px-50_roubles_%C3%A0_l%27effigie_de_L%C3%A9nine%2C_1947.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/50_roubles_%C3%A0_l%27effigie_de_L%C3%A9nine%2C_1947.jpg/200px-50_roubles_%C3%A0_l%27effigie_de_L%C3%A9nine%2C_1947.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="575" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_50_1947_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/SUR_50_1947_B.jpg/100px-SUR_50_1947_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/SUR_50_1947_B.jpg/150px-SUR_50_1947_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/SUR_50_1947_B.jpg/200px-SUR_50_1947_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="451" /></a></span></td> <td>Rbls 50</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_100_1947_F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/SUR_100_1947_F.jpg/100px-SUR_100_1947_F.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/SUR_100_1947_F.jpg/150px-SUR_100_1947_F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/SUR_100_1947_F.jpg/200px-SUR_100_1947_F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8892" data-file-height="4485" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_100_1947_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/SUR_100_1947_B.jpg/100px-SUR_100_1947_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/SUR_100_1947_B.jpg/150px-SUR_100_1947_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/SUR_100_1947_B.jpg/200px-SUR_100_1947_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="2760" /></a></span></td> <td>Rbls 100</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Kremlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Kremlin">Moscow Kremlin</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sixth_Soviet_ruble,_1961–1991,_(Identified_as_ISO_code_SUR)"><span id="Sixth_Soviet_ruble.2C_1961.E2.80.931991.2C_.28Identified_as_ISO_code_SUR.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="SUR"></span>Sixth Soviet ruble, 1961–1991, (Identified as ISO code SUR)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sixth Soviet ruble, 1961–1991, (Identified as ISO code SUR)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Monetary_reform_in_the_Soviet_Union,_1961" title="Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1961">Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1961</a></div> <p>The 1961 redenomination introduced 1 new ruble equal to 10 old rubles and restated all wages, prices and financial records into new rubles. It differed from the confiscatory nature of the 1947 reform when banknotes were reduced to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">10</span></span> of their value but wages and prices remained the same.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its parity to the <a href="/wiki/US_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="US dollar">US dollar</a> underwent a devaluation, however, from US$1 = 4 old rubles (0.4 new ruble) to US$1 = 0.9 new ruble (or 90 kopecks). It implies a <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> parity of Rbls 31.50 per <a href="/wiki/Troy_weight" title="Troy weight">troy</a> ounce or Rbl 1 = 0.987412 gram of gold, but this exchange for gold was never available to the general public. Banknotes and coins of this series were designed by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Dubasov" title="Ivan Dubasov">Ivan Dubasov</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coins">Coins</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Coins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SovietOlympicCoins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d6/SovietOlympicCoins.jpg/200px-SovietOlympicCoins.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d6/SovietOlympicCoins.jpg/300px-SovietOlympicCoins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d6/SovietOlympicCoins.jpg/400px-SovietOlympicCoins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="221" /></a><figcaption>Two Rbls 10 coins introduced in 1978 to commemorate the 1980 Summer Olympics</figcaption></figure> <p>The 1958 pattern series: by 1958, plans for a monetary reform were underway and a number of coin pattern designs were being experimented with before implementation. The most notable of these was the 1958 series, in denominations of 1, 2, 3 and 5 kopecks in copper-zinc, and 10, 15, 20 and 50 kopecks and 1, 3 and 5 rubles in copper nickel. These coins all had the same basic design and became the most likely for release. Indeed, they were mass-produced before the plan was scrapped and a majority of them were melted down. During this time, 1957 coins would continue to be restruck off old dies until the new coin series was officially released in 1961. This series is considered the most valuable of Soviet issues due to their scarcity. </p><p>On 1 January 1961, the currency was revalued again at a rate of 10:1, but this time a new coinage was introduced in denominations of 1, 2, 3 and 5 kopecks in aluminium-bronze, and 10, 15, 20 and 50 kopecks and 1 ruble in cupro-nickel-zinc. Like previous issues, the front featured the state arms and title while the back depicted date and denomination. The 50-kopeck and 1-ruble coins dated 1961 had plain edges, but starting in 1964, the edges were lettered with the denomination and date. All 1926–1957 coins were then withdrawn from circulation and demonetized, with the majority melted down. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Commemorative_coins_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Commemorative coins of the Soviet Union">Commemorative coins of the Soviet Union</a>: in 1965, the first circulation commemorative ruble coin was released celebrating the 20th anniversary of the Soviet Union's victory over <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, during this year the first uncirculated mint-coin sets were also released and restrictions on coin collecting were eased. In 1967, a commemorative series of 10-, 15-, 20- and 50-kopeck and 1-ruble coins was released, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Russian Revolution and depicted Lenin and various socialist achievements. The smaller bronze denominations for that year remained unchanged. Many different circulation commemorative 1-ruble coins were also released, as well as a handful of 3- and 5-ruble coins over the years. Commemorative coins from this period were always slightly larger than general issues; 50-kopeck and 1-ruble coins in particular were larger, while the 1967 series of the small denominations were the same circumference but thicker than general issues. </p><p>Initially, commemorative rubles were struck in the same alloy as other circulating coins until 1975, when its composition was changed to higher-quality copper-nickel with zinc excluded. Its specifications (31 mm diameter, 12.8 grams) were nearly identical to those of the 5-<a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Swiss franc</a> coin (31.45 mm, 13.2 g, cupronickel) worth approx. €4.39 or US$5.09 as of August 2018, resulting in the large scale use of (now worthless) Soviet commemorative coins to defraud automated vending machines in Switzerland years after they have been demonetized.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting in 1991 with the final year of the 1961 coin series, both kopeck and ruble coins began depicting the mint marks (М) for Moscow, and (Л) for Leningrad. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">1961 issue </th></tr> <tr> <th>Image </th> <th>Value </th> <th>Diameter </th> <th>Mass </th> <th>Issued </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1990_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1990_%D0%B3.jpg/140px-1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1990_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1990_%D0%B3.jpg/210px-1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1990_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1990_%D0%B3.jpg/280px-1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1990_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>1 kop</big> </td> <td>15 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1961–1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1973_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1973_%D0%B3.jpg/140px-2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1973_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1973_%D0%B3.jpg/210px-2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1973_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1973_%D0%B3.jpg/280px-2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1973_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="404" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>2 kop</big> </td> <td>18 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1961–1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3Kopeks1977.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/3Kopeks1977.PNG/140px-3Kopeks1977.PNG" decoding="async" width="140" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/3Kopeks1977.PNG/210px-3Kopeks1977.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/3Kopeks1977.PNG/280px-3Kopeks1977.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1608" data-file-height="811" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>3 kop</big> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1961–1962 <p>1965–1991 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:5Kopeks1989.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/5Kopeks1989.PNG/140px-5Kopeks1989.PNG" decoding="async" width="140" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/5Kopeks1989.PNG/210px-5Kopeks1989.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/5Kopeks1989.PNG/280px-5Kopeks1989.PNG 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="202" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>5 kop</big> </td> <td>25 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1961–1962 <p>1965–1991 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1980_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1980_%D0%B3.jpg/140px-10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1980_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1980_%D0%B3.jpg/210px-10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1980_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1980_%D0%B3.jpg/280px-10_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1980_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="997" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>10 kop</big> </td> <td>17,27 </td> <td>1,8 </td> <td>1961–1962 <p>1965–1991 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1983_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1983_%D0%B3.jpg/140px-15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1983_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1983_%D0%B3.jpg/210px-15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1983_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1983_%D0%B3.jpg/280px-15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1983_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2305" data-file-height="1118" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>15 kop</big> </td> <td>19,56 </td> <td>2,5 </td> <td>1961–1962 <p>1965–1991 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1989_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1989_%D0%B3.jpg/140px-20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1989_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1989_%D0%B3.jpg/210px-20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1989_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1989_%D0%B3.jpg/280px-20_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1989_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2604" data-file-height="1270" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>20 kop</big> </td> <td>21,8 </td> <td>3,4 </td> <td>1961–1962 <p>1965–1991 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_Union-1989-Coin-0.50.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Soviet_Union-1989-Coin-0.50.jpg/140px-Soviet_Union-1989-Coin-0.50.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Soviet_Union-1989-Coin-0.50.jpg/210px-Soviet_Union-1989-Coin-0.50.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Soviet_Union-1989-Coin-0.50.jpg/280px-Soviet_Union-1989-Coin-0.50.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>50 kop</big> </td> <td>24 </td> <td>4,4 </td> <td>1961 <p>1964–1991 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1_ruble_1988.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/1_ruble_1988.jpg/140px-1_ruble_1988.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/1_ruble_1988.jpg/210px-1_ruble_1988.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/1_ruble_1988.jpg/280px-1_ruble_1988.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3166" data-file-height="1523" /></a></span> </td> <td><big>Rbl 1</big> </td> <td>27 </td> <td>7,5 </td> <td>1961 <p>1964–1991 </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Banknotes_2">Banknotes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Banknotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Banknotes were issued by the USSR State Treasury (Государственный казначейский билет, <i>Gosudarstvenny kaznacheyskiy bilet</i>) in denominations of 1, 3 and 5 rubles, and by the USSR State Bank (билет Государственного банка, <i>Bilet gosudarstvennogo banka</i>) in denominations of 10, 25, 50 and 100 rubles. Colors are similar to the previous series but notes were much smaller in size. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">1961 Series </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Image</th> <th>Value </th> <th rowspan="2">Watermark </th> <th rowspan="2">Withdrawn </th></tr> <tr> <th>Obverse</th> <th>Reverse </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Obverse.jpg/250px-Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Obverse.jpg/375px-Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Obverse.jpg/500px-Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4951" data-file-height="2466" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Reverse.jpg/250px-Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Reverse.jpg/375px-Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Reverse.jpg/500px-Rouble-1961-Paper-1-Reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4930" data-file-height="2463" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbl 1 </td> <td rowspan="5">dark and light <p>5-pointed stars </p> </td> <td rowspan="4">December 31, 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-3-Obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-3-Obverse.jpg/250px-Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-3-Obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-3-Obverse.jpg/375px-Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-3-Obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-3-Obverse.jpg/500px-Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-3-Obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="502" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-3-Reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-3-Reverse.jpg/250px-Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-3-Reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-3-Reverse.jpg/375px-Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-3-Reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-3-Reverse.jpg/500px-Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-3-Reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="504" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-5-Obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-5-Obverse.jpg/250px-Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-5-Obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-5-Obverse.jpg/375px-Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-5-Obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-5-Obverse.jpg/500px-Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-5-Obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4508" data-file-height="2257" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-5-Reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-5-Reverse.jpg/250px-Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-5-Reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-5-Reverse.jpg/375px-Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-5-Reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-5-Reverse.jpg/500px-Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-5-Reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="402" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_10_1961_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/SUR_10_1961_obverse.jpg/250px-SUR_10_1961_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/SUR_10_1961_obverse.jpg/375px-SUR_10_1961_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/SUR_10_1961_obverse.jpg/500px-SUR_10_1961_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4788" data-file-height="2385" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_10_1961_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/SUR_10_1961_reverse.jpg/250px-SUR_10_1961_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/SUR_10_1961_reverse.jpg/375px-SUR_10_1961_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/SUR_10_1961_reverse.jpg/500px-SUR_10_1961_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4788" data-file-height="2395" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-25-Obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-25-Obverse.jpg/250px-Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-25-Obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-25-Obverse.jpg/375px-Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-25-Obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-25-Obverse.jpg/500px-Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-25-Obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4780" data-file-height="2392" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-25-Reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-25-Reverse.jpg/250px-Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-25-Reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-25-Reverse.jpg/375px-Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-25-Reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-25-Reverse.jpg/500px-Soviet_Union-1961-Bill-25-Reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4774" data-file-height="2364" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 25 </td> <td>July 26, 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_50_1961_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/SUR_50_1961_obverse.jpg/250px-SUR_50_1961_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/SUR_50_1961_obverse.jpg/375px-SUR_50_1961_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/SUR_50_1961_obverse.jpg/500px-SUR_50_1961_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="408" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_50_1961_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/SUR_50_1961_reverse.jpg/250px-SUR_50_1961_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/SUR_50_1961_reverse.jpg/375px-SUR_50_1961_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/SUR_50_1961_reverse.jpg/500px-SUR_50_1961_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="408" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 50 </td> <td rowspan="2">Face of Lenin </td> <td rowspan="2">January 23, 1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_100_1961_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/SUR_100_1961_obverse.jpg/250px-SUR_100_1961_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/SUR_100_1961_obverse.jpg/375px-SUR_100_1961_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/SUR_100_1961_obverse.jpg/500px-SUR_100_1961_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="414" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_100_1961_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SUR_100_1961_reverse.jpg/250px-SUR_100_1961_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SUR_100_1961_reverse.jpg/375px-SUR_100_1961_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SUR_100_1961_reverse.jpg/500px-SUR_100_1961_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="414" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 100 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1989_Unreleased_Soviet_Rubles">1989 Unreleased Soviet Rubles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1989 Unreleased Soviet Rubles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the failed project of making the 50th anniversary banknotes for 1967,<sup id="cite_ref-mixnews.lv_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mixnews.lv-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the projects for the 30 ruble in 1988 were worked out in Goznak. The first ruble that was projected as an example of the 1967 project, breaking with old Soviet tradition. They decided to put other faces which in the first note was <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Tsiolkovsky" title="Konstantin Tsiolkovsky">Tsiolkovsky</a>'s statue. For unknown reasons it was cancelled and archived in the "failed projects" archive with barely any prints after a debate around the prototype of the note. At the same time they tried to adopt a more traditional 30 Soviet ruble banknote which replaced the whole face-project with the <a href="/wiki/Kremlin_towers" class="mw-redirect" title="Kremlin towers">Kremlin Tower</a>. Although the project was already started in 1988 and was finalized in 1989, it had some potential and intention to be adopted but the <a href="/wiki/Gosbank" class="mw-redirect" title="Gosbank">Gosbank</a> decided to not put in practice and was cancelled. Even in 1988, a lot of projects were started with the Tsiolkovsky monument banknotes but were never recovered and was certainly rejected as a proposal and only the 30 note remained while other variations got lost. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Central_Bank_of_Russia"_project_(1990)"><span id=".22Central_Bank_of_Russia.22_project_.281990.29"></span>"Central Bank of Russia" project (1990)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: "Central Bank of Russia" project (1990)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The whole concept was to adopt a new Soviet ruble under the "Central Bank of Russia" which is still questioned. Although, there aren't only one type of banknotes and some of these prototype notes were discovered in different places, even though its authenticity is still questioned as of one of the most outstanding banknotes of this (20, representing <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kutuzov" title="Mikhail Kutuzov">M.N Kutuzov</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> series also becoming one of the most controversial ones because it was found in a professional banknote collector's album, as it was randomly discovered. The whole project was canceled because the name "Central Bank of Russia" and the different faces caused a lot of outrage as it was promoted as "Russian" and not Soviet, and was not promoting Lenin's head and tried to build up a totally whole new concept around the new 1991 series.<sup id="cite_ref-mixnews.lv_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mixnews.lv-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1991_Forgotten_Soviet_banknote_project">1991 Forgotten Soviet banknote project</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 1991 Forgotten Soviet banknote project"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1989, designers sat at a table to draw a new type of Soviet banknote which represented buildings rather than people. Only the 1- and 2-ruble notes were designed. The 2-ruble note was designed in 1989 and could have been released in 1991. It was a very unusual sketch that combines the working man and the Kremlin as the whole unity of the country, the banknotes was drawn by V.K Nikitin. The 1-ruble note was designed back in 1989 by I.S Krylov and was planned to be released in 1991. The artist was chief of the artists of Goznak, one of the creators of the Soviet ruble banknotes between 1947 and 1991. He also painted a number of postage stamps in the same period.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seventh_Soviet_ruble,_1991–1993"><span id="Seventh_Soviet_ruble.2C_1991.E2.80.931993"></span>Seventh Soviet ruble, 1991–1993</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Seventh Soviet ruble, 1991–1993"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Monetary Reform of 1991 was carried out by <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> and was known also as the Pavlov Reform. It was the last of such in the Soviet Union and began on January 22, 1991. Its architect was Minister of Finance <a href="/wiki/Valentin_Pavlov" title="Valentin Pavlov">Valentin Pavlov</a>, who also became the last prime minister of the Soviet Union. The details included a brief period to exchange old 1961-dated 50- and 100-ruble notes for new 1991 notes — for three days from 23 to 25 January (Wednesday to Friday) and with a specific limit of no more than Rbls 1,000 per person—the ability to exchange other notes considered in the special commissions to the end of March 1991. See <a href="/wiki/Monetary_reform_in_the_Soviet_Union,_1991" title="Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1991">Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1991</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coins_2">Coins</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Coins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late 1991, a new coinage was issued as direct obligations of the USSR State Bank in denominations of 10 and 50 kopecks, and 1, 5 and 10 rubles. The 10-kopeck coin was struck in brass-plated steel, the 50-kopeck and 1- and 5-ruble coins, in cupro-nickel, and the 10-ruble coin <a href="/wiki/Bi-metallic_coins" class="mw-redirect" title="Bi-metallic coins">bimetallic</a> with an aluminium-bronze centre and a cupro-nickel-zinc ring. The series depicts an image of the Kremlin on the obverse rather than the Soviet state emblem. However, this coin series was extremely short-lived as the Soviet Union ceased to exist only months after its release. It did, however, continue to be used in several former Soviet republics including Russia and particularly <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> for a short time after the union had ceased to exist out of necessity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Banknotes_3">Banknotes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Banknotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New 1991-dated banknotes were all issued as USSR State Bank notes (including the 1, 3, and 5-ruble denominations), with nearly identical colours and size for all denominations, but included more colour and heightened security features. The 25-ruble note was omitted from this series, but still remained legal tender; all 1961 notes apart from the demonetized 50- and 100-ruble denominations remained in circulation. An important modification of the design included the removal of the texts in languages of other Soviet republics (i.e. all texts were in Russian only) in the 1992 issues; all 1991 notes (in exception to the 2nd 1991 100-ruble banknote) contained all Soviet languages. In this series, 1-ruble notes were issued on 27 June 1991, 3-ruble notes on 3 November 1991, 5-ruble notes on 5 July 1991, 10-ruble notes on 10 July 1991, 50- and 100-ruble notes on 23 January 1991, 200-ruble notes on 29 October 1991, and 500-ruble notes on 24 December 1991. 1,000-ruble notes were issued in March 1992, after the Soviet collapse. New 1992-dated notes, similar in appearance to the 1991 issues, were printed in denominations of 50 to 1,000 rubles. bearing the Soviet state emblem and name. A notable exception was that the more-colourful Rbls 100. Notes of this series were still dated 1991 unlike the others. </p><p>After the breakup of the Soviet Union, many newly independent republics chose to continue circulating Soviet rubles even after the introduction of the new <a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian ruble</a> in 1992. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">1991 Series </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Image</th> <th rowspan="2">Value </th> <td rowspan="2"><b>Watermark</b> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b>Issued</b> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b>Withdrawn</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Obverse</th> <th>Reverse </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_1_1991_F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/SUR_1_1991_F.jpg/100px-SUR_1_1991_F.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/SUR_1_1991_F.jpg/150px-SUR_1_1991_F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/SUR_1_1991_F.jpg/200px-SUR_1_1991_F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_1_1991_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/SUR_1_1991_B.jpg/100px-SUR_1_1991_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/SUR_1_1991_B.jpg/150px-SUR_1_1991_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/SUR_1_1991_B.jpg/200px-SUR_1_1991_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbl 1 </td> <td rowspan="3">5-pointed stars <p>and wavy stripes </p><p><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1991-1992_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1991-1992_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/88px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1991-1992_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1991-1992_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/132px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1991-1992_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1991-1992_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/176px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1991-1992_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="396" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td>27 June 1991 </td> <td rowspan="4">31 December 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_3_1991_F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SUR_3_1991_F.jpg/100px-SUR_3_1991_F.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SUR_3_1991_F.jpg/150px-SUR_3_1991_F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SUR_3_1991_F.jpg/200px-SUR_3_1991_F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="502" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_3_1991_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/SUR_3_1991_B.jpg/100px-SUR_3_1991_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/SUR_3_1991_B.jpg/150px-SUR_3_1991_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/SUR_3_1991_B.jpg/200px-SUR_3_1991_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="502" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 3 </td> <td>3 November 1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_5_1991_F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/SUR_5_1991_F.jpg/100px-SUR_5_1991_F.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/SUR_5_1991_F.jpg/150px-SUR_5_1991_F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/SUR_5_1991_F.jpg/200px-SUR_5_1991_F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="413" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_5_1991_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/SUR_5_1991_B.jpg/100px-SUR_5_1991_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/SUR_5_1991_B.jpg/150px-SUR_5_1991_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/SUR_5_1991_B.jpg/200px-SUR_5_1991_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="413" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 5 </td> <td>5 July 1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_10_1991_F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/SUR_10_1991_F.jpg/100px-SUR_10_1991_F.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/SUR_10_1991_F.jpg/150px-SUR_10_1991_F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/SUR_10_1991_F.jpg/200px-SUR_10_1991_F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4898" data-file-height="2377" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_10_1991_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/SUR_10_1991_B.jpg/100px-SUR_10_1991_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/SUR_10_1991_B.jpg/150px-SUR_10_1991_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/SUR_10_1991_B.jpg/200px-SUR_10_1991_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4901" data-file-height="2398" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 10 </td> <td>dark and light <p>5-pointed stars </p> </td> <td>10 July 1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_50_1991_F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/SUR_50_1991_F.jpg/100px-SUR_50_1991_F.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/SUR_50_1991_F.jpg/150px-SUR_50_1991_F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/SUR_50_1991_F.jpg/200px-SUR_50_1991_F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="390" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_50_1991_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/SUR_50_1991_B.jpg/100px-SUR_50_1991_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/SUR_50_1991_B.jpg/150px-SUR_50_1991_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/SUR_50_1991_B.jpg/200px-SUR_50_1991_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="390" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 50 </td> <td rowspan="5">Face of Lenin <p><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1961_-_1991_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1961_-_1991_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG/116px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1961_-_1991_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG" decoding="async" width="116" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1961_-_1991_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG/174px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1961_-_1991_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1961_-_1991_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG/232px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1961_-_1991_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="2">23 January 1991 </td> <td rowspan="5">26 July 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_100_1991_F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/SUR_100_1991_F.jpg/100px-SUR_100_1991_F.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/SUR_100_1991_F.jpg/150px-SUR_100_1991_F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/SUR_100_1991_F.jpg/200px-SUR_100_1991_F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="390" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_100_1991_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/SUR_100_1991_B.jpg/100px-SUR_100_1991_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/SUR_100_1991_B.jpg/150px-SUR_100_1991_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/SUR_100_1991_B.jpg/200px-SUR_100_1991_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="390" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_200_1991_F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/SUR_200_1991_F.jpg/100px-SUR_200_1991_F.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/SUR_200_1991_F.jpg/150px-SUR_200_1991_F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/SUR_200_1991_F.jpg/200px-SUR_200_1991_F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="392" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_200_1991_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/SUR_200_1991_B.jpg/100px-SUR_200_1991_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/SUR_200_1991_B.jpg/150px-SUR_200_1991_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/SUR_200_1991_B.jpg/200px-SUR_200_1991_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="392" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 200 </td> <td>30 November 1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_500_1991_F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/SUR_500_1991_F.jpg/100px-SUR_500_1991_F.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/SUR_500_1991_F.jpg/150px-SUR_500_1991_F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/SUR_500_1991_F.jpg/200px-SUR_500_1991_F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="390" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_500_1991_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/SUR_500_1991_B.jpg/100px-SUR_500_1991_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/SUR_500_1991_B.jpg/150px-SUR_500_1991_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/SUR_500_1991_B.jpg/200px-SUR_500_1991_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="390" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 500 </td> <td>24 December 1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_1000_1991_F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/SUR_1000_1991_F.jpg/100px-SUR_1000_1991_F.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/SUR_1000_1991_F.jpg/150px-SUR_1000_1991_F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/SUR_1000_1991_F.jpg/200px-SUR_1000_1991_F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="388" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_1000_1991_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SUR_1000_1991_B.jpg/100px-SUR_1000_1991_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SUR_1000_1991_B.jpg/150px-SUR_1000_1991_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SUR_1000_1991_B.jpg/200px-SUR_1000_1991_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="388" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 1,000 </td> <td>19 March 1992 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1992_Soviet_rubles">1992 Soviet rubles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 1992 Soviet rubles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the collapse of the Soviet Union, new banknotes were implemented using the old 1991 model even after the collapse. These are stamped with a denomination symbol and all languages of the former union were removed except Russian language. Even after the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a> ceased to exist, it was still titled as the money of the USSR. These were temporary issues as already in the same year, new notes were implemented. After the Monetary Reform of 1993, these notes were out of circulation and were free to exchange with the new 1993 issues. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">1992 Series </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>Image</b> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b>Value</b> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b>Watermark</b> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b>Issued</b> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b>Withdrawn</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Obverse</b> </td> <td><b>Reverse</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_50_1992_F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SUR_50_1992_F.jpg/97px-SUR_50_1992_F.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SUR_50_1992_F.jpg/146px-SUR_50_1992_F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SUR_50_1992_F.jpg/194px-SUR_50_1992_F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1636" data-file-height="818" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_50_1992_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/SUR_50_1992_B.jpg/102px-SUR_50_1992_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/SUR_50_1992_B.jpg/153px-SUR_50_1992_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/SUR_50_1992_B.jpg/204px-SUR_50_1992_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1638" data-file-height="819" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 50 </td> <td>5-pointed stars <p>and wavy stripes </p> </td> <td>July 1, 1992 </td> <td rowspan="5">26 July 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_100_1991_(2)_F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/SUR_100_1991_%282%29_F.jpg/98px-SUR_100_1991_%282%29_F.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/SUR_100_1991_%282%29_F.jpg/147px-SUR_100_1991_%282%29_F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/SUR_100_1991_%282%29_F.jpg/196px-SUR_100_1991_%282%29_F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="826" data-file-height="412" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_100_1991_(2)_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/SUR_100_1991_%282%29_B.jpg/102px-SUR_100_1991_%282%29_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/SUR_100_1991_%282%29_B.jpg/153px-SUR_100_1991_%282%29_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/SUR_100_1991_%282%29_B.jpg/204px-SUR_100_1991_%282%29_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="598" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 100 </td> <td>dark and light <p>5-pointed stars </p> </td> <td>March 4, 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_200_1992_F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/SUR_200_1992_F.jpg/104px-SUR_200_1992_F.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/SUR_200_1992_F.jpg/156px-SUR_200_1992_F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/SUR_200_1992_F.jpg/208px-SUR_200_1992_F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1665" data-file-height="818" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_200_1992_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/SUR_200_1992_B.jpg/102px-SUR_200_1992_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/SUR_200_1992_B.jpg/153px-SUR_200_1992_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/SUR_200_1992_B.jpg/204px-SUR_200_1992_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1663" data-file-height="818" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 200 </td> <td>5-pointed stars <p>and wavy stripes </p> </td> <td rowspan="3">July 1, 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_500_1992_F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SUR_500_1992_F.jpg/114px-SUR_500_1992_F.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SUR_500_1992_F.jpg/171px-SUR_500_1992_F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SUR_500_1992_F.jpg/228px-SUR_500_1992_F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1687" data-file-height="815" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_500_1992_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/SUR_500_1992_B.jpg/106px-SUR_500_1992_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/SUR_500_1992_B.jpg/159px-SUR_500_1992_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/SUR_500_1992_B.jpg/212px-SUR_500_1992_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1688" data-file-height="815" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 500 </td> <td rowspan="2">dark and light <p>5-pointed stars </p><p><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1961,_1991,_1992_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1961%2C_1991%2C_1992_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG/79px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1961%2C_1991%2C_1992_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG" decoding="async" width="79" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1961%2C_1991%2C_1992_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG/119px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1961%2C_1991%2C_1992_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1961%2C_1991%2C_1992_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG/158px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1961%2C_1991%2C_1992_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="790" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_1000_1992_F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/SUR_1000_1992_F.jpg/114px-SUR_1000_1992_F.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/SUR_1000_1992_F.jpg/171px-SUR_1000_1992_F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/SUR_1000_1992_F.jpg/228px-SUR_1000_1992_F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1676" data-file-height="826" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SUR_1000_1992_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/SUR_1000_1992_B.jpg/122px-SUR_1000_1992_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/SUR_1000_1992_B.jpg/183px-SUR_1000_1992_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/SUR_1000_1992_B.jpg/244px-SUR_1000_1992_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1676" data-file-height="826" /></a></span> </td> <td>Rbls 1000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_role">Economic role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Economic role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Economy of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> ran a <a href="/wiki/Planned_economy" title="Planned economy">planned economy</a>, where the government controlled prices and the exchange of currency. Thus the Soviet ruble did not function like a currency in a <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a>, because mechanisms other than currency, such as centrally planned quotas, controlled the distribution of goods. Consequently, the ruble did not have the utility of a true currency; instead, it more resembled the <a href="/wiki/Scrip" title="Scrip">scrip</a> issued in a <a href="/wiki/Truck_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Truck system">truck system</a>. Soviet citizens could freely purchase a set of goods from state shops with rubles, but choice was limited and prices were always political decisions, having no direct connection to manufacturing cost. Bread and public transport were heavily subsidised, but wages were low and there were shortages of manufactured consumer goods, implementing hidden taxes.<sup id="cite_ref-BG_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BG-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was common to hold large savings in rubles in the <a href="/wiki/State_Labor_Savings_Banks_System_of_the_USSR" title="State Labor Savings Banks System of the USSR">State Labor Savings Banks System of the USSR</a> because credit was not available. Special rubles used in accounting were not exchangeable to cash, and were effectively different currency units pegged to the ruble. The currency was not freely exchangeable and its export was illegal. In <a href="/wiki/Bilateral_trade" title="Bilateral trade">bilateral trade</a>, a separate, non-convertible "clearing ruble" credit was used.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were separate shops (<a href="/wiki/Beryozka_(Russian_retail_store)" title="Beryozka (Russian retail store)">Beriozka</a>) for purchasing goods obtained with <a href="/wiki/Hard_currency" title="Hard currency">hard currencies</a>. However, Soviet citizens could not legally own foreign currency. Thus, if they legally received payment in foreign currency, they were forced to convert it to <a href="/wiki/Vneshposyltorg" class="mw-redirect" title="Vneshposyltorg">Vneshposyltorg</a> cheques at a rate set by the government. These cheques could be spent at a Beriozka. The sudden transformation from a Soviet "non-currency" into a market currency contributed to the economic hardship following the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> in December 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-BG_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BG-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exchange_rates">Exchange rates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Exchange rates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_Traveller%27s_Cheque_for_100_roubles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Soviet_Traveller%27s_Cheque_for_100_roubles.jpg/220px-Soviet_Traveller%27s_Cheque_for_100_roubles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Soviet_Traveller%27s_Cheque_for_100_roubles.jpg/330px-Soviet_Traveller%27s_Cheque_for_100_roubles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Soviet_Traveller%27s_Cheque_for_100_roubles.jpg/440px-Soviet_Traveller%27s_Cheque_for_100_roubles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2171" data-file-height="936" /></a><figcaption>A Soviet <a href="/wiki/Traveller%27s_cheque" title="Traveller's cheque">traveller's cheque</a> cashed on 30 May 1980</figcaption></figure> <p>The Soviet Union officially valued the ruble in the planned economy at an average of US$1.35 (or Rbl 0.74 per <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US dollar</a>; see below) from 1971 to 1988. However, as the ruble was not internationally exchangeable and as Soviet citizens could not legally own foreign currency, rubles changed hands in the black market at an average of Rbls 4.14 per dollar in the same period 1971–88.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opening up of the economy in the late 1980s under <a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">perestroika</a> resulted in the recognition of more realistic exchange rates for the ruble, as follows: </p> <ul><li>In November 1989 the ruble was devalued for foreign travel to a tourist rate of Rbls 6.26 per dollar (versus Rbl 0.6277 officially).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In November 1990 a new commercial exchange rate of Rbls 1.80 per dollar was introduced. During this time, however, black market dollars changed hands at 20 Rbls.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In April 1991, following the failed <a href="/wiki/Monetary_reform_in_the_Soviet_Union,_1991" title="Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1991">monetary reform of 1991</a>, the tourist exchange rate was raised significantly to Rbls 27.60 per dollar, making the average monthly Soviet salary of Rbls 330 worth only $12 on the international market.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Further pain would continue later that year with the dollar changing hands at Rbls 35-40 on the black market and Rbls 45-70 in government auctions as of October 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>By early December 1991, just before the Soviet Union ceased to exist, the ruble had depreciated to nearly Rbls 100 to the dollar.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Official exchange rates Soviet ruble of the time per United States dollar:<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_-_1.02.1985.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_-_1.02.1985.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_-_1.02.1985.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_-_1.02.1985.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_-_1.02.1985.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_-_1.02.1985.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_-_1.02.1985.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3594" data-file-height="2880" /></a><figcaption>Official Soviet exchange rates against major world currencies, 1 February 1985</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Date</th> <th>Rbls of the time per US$</th> <th>US$ per Rbl of the time </th></tr> <tr> <td>1924-01-01</td> <td>Rbls 2.2000</td> <td>$0.4545 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1924-04-01</td> <td>Rbls 1.9405</td> <td>$0.5153 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1927-01-01</td> <td>Rbls 1.9450</td> <td>$0.5141 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1928-02-01</td> <td>Rbls 1.9434</td> <td>$0.5145 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1933-04-01</td> <td>Rbls 1.9434</td> <td>$0.5145 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1933-05-01</td> <td>Rbls 1.7474</td> <td>$0.5722 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1934-01-01</td> <td>Rbls 1.2434</td> <td>$0.8042 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1935-01-01</td> <td>Rbls 1.1509</td> <td>$0.8689 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1936-01-01</td> <td>Rbls 1.1516</td> <td>$0.8684 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1937-01-01</td> <td>Rbls 5.0400</td> <td>$0.1984 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1937-07-19</td> <td>Rbls 5.3000</td> <td>$0.1887 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950-02-01</td> <td>Rbls 5.3000</td> <td>$0.1887 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950-03-01</td> <td>Rbls 4.0000</td> <td>$0.2500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960-12-01</td> <td>Rbls 4.0000</td> <td>$0.2500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961-01-01</td> <td>Rbl 0.9000</td> <td>$1.1111 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971-12-01</td> <td>Rbl 0.9000</td> <td>$1.1111 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972-01-01</td> <td>Rbl 0.8290</td> <td>$1.2063 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973-01-01</td> <td>Rbl 0.8260</td> <td>$1.2107 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974-01-01</td> <td>Rbl 0.7536</td> <td>$1.3270 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975-01-01</td> <td>Rbl 0.7300</td> <td>$1.3699 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1976-01-01</td> <td>Rbl 0.7580 </td> <td>$1.3193 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977-01-01</td> <td>Rbl 0.7420 </td> <td>$1.3477 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978-01-01</td> <td>Rbl 0.7060 </td> <td>$1.4164 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979-01-01</td> <td>Rbl 0.6590 </td> <td>$1.5175 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980-01-03</td> <td>Rbl 0.6395 </td> <td>$1.5637 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981-01-01</td> <td>Rbl 0.6750 </td> <td>$1.4815 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982-01-01</td> <td>Rbl 0.7080 </td> <td>$1.4124 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983-01-13</td> <td>Rbl 0.7070 </td> <td>$1.4144 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984-01-01</td> <td>Rbl 0.7910 </td> <td>$1.2642 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985-02-28</td> <td>Rbl 0.9200 </td> <td>$1.0870 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986-01-01</td> <td>Rbl 0.7585 </td> <td>$1.3184 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987-01-01</td> <td>Rbl 0.6700 </td> <td>$1.4925 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988-01-06</td> <td>Rbl 0.5804 </td> <td>$1.7229 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989-01-04</td> <td>Rbl 0.6059 </td> <td>$1.6504 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990-01-03</td> <td>Rbl 0.6072 </td> <td>$1.6469 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991-01-02</td> <td>Rbl 0.5605 </td> <td>$1.7841 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991-02-13</td> <td>Rbl 0.5450 </td> <td>$1.8349 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992-01-01</td> <td>Rbl 0.5549 </td> <td>$1.8021 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Replacement_currencies_in_the_former_Soviet_republics">Replacement currencies in the former Soviet republics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Replacement currencies in the former Soviet republics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of the Soviet Union">fall of the Soviet Union</a> in 1991, local currencies were introduced in the newly independent states. Most of the new economies were weak and hence most of the currencies have undergone significant reforms since their introduction. In the very beginning of the post-Soviet economic transition, it was widely believed by ordinary people and monetary institutions (including the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>) that it was possible to maintain a common <a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">currency</a> working for all or at least for some of the former Soviet Union's countries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The wish to preserve the strong trade relations between former Soviet republics was considered the most important goal.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the first half of 1992, a monetary union with 15 independent states all using the ruble existed. Since it was clear that the situation would not last, each of them used their positions as "free-riders" to issue huge amounts of money in the form of credit (since Russia held the monopoly on printing banknotes and coins). As a result, some countries were issuing coupons in order to "protect" their markets from buyers from other states. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This also started to cause massive inflation in the formerly high-valued currency. The Russian central bank responded in July 1992 by setting up restrictions on the flow of credit between Russia and other states. The final collapse of the "ruble zone" began with the exchange of banknotes by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Russia" title="Central Bank of Russia">Central Bank of Russia</a> on Russian territory at the end of July 1993. As a result, other countries still in the ruble zone (<a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>) were "pushed out".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> By November 1993 all newly independent states had introduced their own currencies, with the exception of war-torn <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> (May 1995) and unrecognized <a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a> (1994). Due to ruinous inflation in the former Soviet Republics, most of the successor currencies had to be redenominated at least once, with the notable exceptions of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_dram" title="Armenian dram">Armenian dram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonian_kroon" title="Estonian kroon">Estonian kroon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstani_tenge" title="Kazakhstani tenge">Kazakh tenge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstani_som" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyzstani som">Kyrgyz som</a>. </p><p>Details on the introduction of new currencies in the newly independent states are discussed below. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Post-Soviet<br />country </th> <th>First national currency (with new code)<br />replacing the "Soviet ruble" (SUR) </th> <th>Conversion rate<br />from SUR </th> <th>Date introduction for new currency </th> <th>Date leaving<br />the "ruble zone"<sup id="cite_ref-IMF01_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF01-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Future revaluation or currency replacement<br />date, new replaced currency<br />and rate<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_dram" title="Armenian dram">Armenian dram</a><br />(AMD) </td> <td>200 SUR<br />= 1 AMD </td> <td>22 November 1993 </td> <td>November 1993 </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_manat#Third_manat,_2006" title="Azerbaijani manat">Second Azerbaijani manat</a><br />(AZM) </td> <td>10 SUR<br />= 1 AZM </td> <td>15 August 1992 </td> <td>August 1993 </td> <td>1 January 2006:<br /><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_manat" title="Azerbaijani manat">Third Azerbaijani manat</a> (AZN)<br />5,000 AZM = 1 AZN </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_ruble#First_ruble,_1992–2000" title="Belarusian ruble">Belarusian ruble</a><br />(BYB) </td> <td>10 SUR<br />= 1 BYB </td> <td>25 May 1992 </td> <td>26 July 1993 </td> <td>2000:<br /><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_ruble#Second_ruble,_2000–2016" title="Belarusian ruble">Second Belarusian ruble</a><br />(BYR)<br />1,000 BYB = 1 BYR<br /><br />2016:<br /><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_ruble" title="Belarusian ruble">Third Belarusian ruble</a> (BYN)<br />10,000 BYR = 1 BYN </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonian_kroon" title="Estonian kroon">Estonian kroon</a><br />(EEK) </td> <td>10 SUR<br />= 1 EEK </td> <td>20 June 1992 </td> <td>22 June 1992 </td> <td>1 January 2011:<br /><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (EUR)<br />15.6466 EEK = 1 EUR </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_kuponi" title="Georgian kuponi">Georgian kuponi</a><br />(GEK) </td> <td>1 SUR<br />= 1 GEK </td> <td>8 April 1993 </td> <td>20 August 1993 </td> <td>20 October 1995:<br /><a href="/wiki/Georgian_lari" title="Georgian lari">Georgian lari</a> (GEL)<br />1,000,000 GEK = 1 GEL </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstani_tenge" title="Kazakhstani tenge">Kazakh tenge</a><br />(KZT) </td> <td>500 SUR<br />= 1 KZT </td> <td>15 November 1993 </td> <td>November 1993 </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstani_som" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyzstani som">Kyrgyz som</a><br />(KGS) </td> <td>200 SUR<br />= 1 KGS </td> <td>10 May 1993 </td> <td>15 May 1993 </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvian_ruble" title="Latvian ruble">Latvian ruble</a><br />(LVR) </td> <td>1 SUR<br />= 1 LVR </td> <td>7 May 1992 </td> <td>20 July 1992 </td> <td>5 March 1993:<br /><a href="/wiki/Latvian_lats" title="Latvian lats">Latvian lats</a> (LVL)<br />200 LVR = 1 LVL<br /><br />1 January 2014:<br /><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (EUR)<br />0.702804 LVL = 1 EUR </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_talonas" title="Lithuanian talonas">Lithuanian talonas</a><br />(LTT) </td> <td>10 SUR<br />= 1 LTT </td> <td>1 May 1992 </td> <td>1 October 1992 </td> <td>26 June 1993:<br /><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_litas" title="Lithuanian litas">Lithuanian litas</a> (LTL)<br />100 LTT = 1 LTL<br /><br />1 January 2015:<br /><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (EUR)<br />3.4528 LTL = 1 EUR </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_cupon" title="Moldovan cupon">Moldovan cupon</a><br />(MDC) </td> <td>1 SUR<br />= 1 MDC </td> <td>10 June 1992 </td> <td>July 1993 </td> <td>29 November 1993:<br /><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_leu" title="Moldovan leu">Moldovan leu</a> (MDL)<br />1,000 MDC = 1 MDL </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">First Russian ruble</a><br />(RUR) </td> <td>1 SUR<br />= 1 RUR </td> <td>14 July 1992 </td> <td>August 1993 </td> <td>1 January 1998:<br /><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Second Russian ruble</a> (RUB)<br />1,000 RUR = 1 RUB </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_ruble" title="Tajikistani ruble">Tajik ruble</a><br />(TJR) </td> <td>100 SUR<br />= 1 TJR </td> <td>10 May 1995 </td> <td>January 1994 </td> <td>30 October 2000:<br /><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_somoni" title="Tajikistani somoni">Tajikistani somoni</a> (TJS)<br />1,000 TJR = 1 TJS </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistani_manat#First_manat_(TMM,_1993—2009)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmenistani manat">First Turkmenistani manat</a><br />(TMM) </td> <td>500 SUR<br />= 1 TMM </td> <td>1 November 1993 </td> <td>November 1993 </td> <td>1 January 2009:<br /><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistani_manat" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmenistani manat">Second Turkmenistani manat</a> (TMT)<br />5,000 TMM = 1 TMT </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_karbovanets#Third_karbovanets_(1992–1996)" title="Ukrainian karbovanets">Kupono-karbovanets</a><br />(UAK) </td> <td>1 SUR<br />= 1 UAK </td> <td>12 January 1992 </td> <td>November 1992 </td> <td>2 September 1996:<br /><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_hryvnia" title="Ukrainian hryvnia">Ukrainian hryvnia</a> (UAH)<br />100,000 UAK = 1 UAH </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistani_sum#First_sum" title="Uzbekistani sum">Uzbek sum-kupon</a><br />(UZC) </td> <td>1 SUR<br />= 1 UZC </td> <td>15 November 1993 </td> <td>15 November 1993 </td> <td>1 July 1994:<br /><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistani_sum" title="Uzbekistani sum">Uzbekistani sum</a> (UZS)<br />1,000 UZC = 1 UZS </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_early_Soviet_Russia" title="Hyperinflation in early Soviet Russia">Hyperinflation in early Soviet Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commemorative_coins_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of commemorative coins of the Soviet Union">List of commemorative coins of the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBalkema1992" class="citation book cs1">Balkema, A.A. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZecbDgc93hcC&dq=Rbls+rouble&pg=PA7011"><i>Proceedings of the Tenth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering</i></a>. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789054100607" title="Special:BookSources/9789054100607"><bdi>9789054100607</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+Tenth+World+Conference+on+Earthquake+Engineering&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9789054100607&rft.aulast=Balkema&rft.aufirst=A.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZecbDgc93hcC%26dq%3DRbls%2Brouble%26pg%3DPA7011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+ruble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzawlowski1976" class="citation book cs1">Szawlowski, Richard (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pcDWxNCh3JoC&dq=Rbls+rouble&pg=PA247"><i>The system of the international organizations of the communist countries</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789028603356" title="Special:BookSources/9789028603356"><bdi>9789028603356</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+system+of+the+international+organizations+of+the+communist+countries&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=9789028603356&rft.aulast=Szawlowski&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpcDWxNCh3JoC%26dq%3DRbls%2Brouble%26pg%3DPA247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+ruble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgency" class="citation cs2">Agency, United States Central Intelligence, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_World_Factbook_(1990)/Soviet_Union">"Soviet Union"</a>, <i>The World Factbook (1990)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-17</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook+%281990%29&rft.atitle=Soviet+Union&rft.aulast=Agency&rft.aufirst=United+States+Central+Intelligence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FThe_World_Factbook_%281990%29%2FSoviet_Union&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+ruble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMF01-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMF01_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMF01_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMF01_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMF01_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2001/wp01101.pdf"><i>John Odling-Smee, Gonzalo Pastor.</i> The IMF and the Ruble Area, 1991—1993 // IMF Working Paper, 2001</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924145510/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2001/wp01101.pdf">Archived</a> 2015-09-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eestimajandus.ee/moodul.php?moodul=CMS&Komponent=Lehed&id=47&sm_id=193">"NSV Liidu valuutasüsteem ja esimesed ühisettevõtted"</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Estonian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720124839/http://www.eestimajandus.ee/moodul.php?moodul=CMS&Komponent=Lehed&id=47&sm_id=193">Archived</a> 2011-07-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-redenominations-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-redenominations_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-redenominations_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ytFEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA253"><i>European Currency and Finance ...</i></a> U.S. Government Printing Office. 1925.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Currency+and+Finance+....&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1925&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DytFEAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+ruble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>An Economic History of the U.S.S.R.</i> by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nove" title="Alexander Nove">Alec Nove</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-021403-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-021403-8">0-14-021403-8</a>), pp. 283, 310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBornstein1961" class="citation journal cs1">Bornstein, Morris (1961). "The Reform and Revaluation of the Ruble". <i>The American Economic Review</i>. <b>51</b> (1): 117–123. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1818912">1818912</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=The+Reform+and+Revaluation+of+the+Ruble&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=117-123&rft.date=1961&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1818912%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bornstein&rft.aufirst=Morris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+ruble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930215833/http://www.swissinfo.org/ger/schweiz/ticker/index/Mit_alten_Rubelmuenzen_Automaten_am_Zuercher_HB_gepluendert.html">"Mit alten Rubelmünzen Automaten am Zürcher HB geplündert"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Swissinfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Swissinfo">Swissinfo</a>. 15 November 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swissinfo.org/ger/schweiz/ticker/index/Mit_alten_Rubelmuenzen_Automaten_am_Zuercher_HB_gepluendert.html">the original</a> on 2007-09-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mit+alten+Rubelm%C3%BCnzen+Automaten+am+Z%C3%BCrcher+HB+gepl%C3%BCndert&rft.date=2006-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.org%2Fger%2Fschweiz%2Fticker%2Findex%2FMit_alten_Rubelmuenzen_Automaten_am_Zuercher_HB_gepluendert.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+ruble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mixnews.lv-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mixnews.lv_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mixnews.lv_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mixnews.lv/post-2/2021/10/04/2027109/">"Купюры советских рублей, которые были готовы к выпуску, пока что-то пошло не так"</a>. <i>Mixnews</i> (in Russian). 2021-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mixnews&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%8B+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%2C+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B+%D0%BA+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%2C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA&rft.date=2021-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmixnews.lv%2Fpost-2%2F2021%2F10%2F04%2F2027109%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+ruble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.9111.ru/questions/7777777771626793/">"Некоторые Советские купюры, о которых мало кто знает, но они были выпущены в оборот !"</a>. <i>9111.ru</i> (in Russian). 22 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=9111.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%8B%2C+%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%2C+%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82+%21&rft.date=2021-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.9111.ru%2Fquestions%2F7777777771626793%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+ruble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.9111.ru/questions/7777777772529853/">"Депутат объяснил, есть ли у военкоматов право на мобилизацию россиян"</a>. <i>9111.ru</i> (in Russian). 22 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=9111.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%2C+%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D1%83+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD&rft.date=2023-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.9111.ru%2Fquestions%2F7777777772529853%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+ruble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BG-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BG_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BG_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnline2015" class="citation web cs1">Online, WSI (18 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://balticguide.ee/rahan-arvottomuus/">"Rahan arvottomuus - The Baltic Guide Online"</a>. <i>balticguide.ee</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180315145517/http://balticguide.ee/rahan-arvottomuus/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=balticguide.ee&rft.atitle=Rahan+arvottomuus+-+The+Baltic+Guide+Online&rft.date=2015-08-18&rft.aulast=Online&rft.aufirst=WSI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbalticguide.ee%2Frahan-arvottomuus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+ruble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/26111">"Idänkaupan loppu - Suomen ja Neuvostoliiton välinen erityinen kauppasuhde ja Suomen kauppapolitiikan odotushorisontti sen purkautuessa 1988–1991"</a>. <i>helsinki.fi</i>. 7 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180507160526/https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/26111">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=helsinki.fi&rft.atitle=Id%C3%A4nkaupan+loppu+-+Suomen+ja+Neuvostoliiton+v%C3%A4linen+erityinen+kauppasuhde+ja+Suomen+kauppapolitiikan+odotushorisontti+sen+purkautuessa+1988%E2%80%931991&rft.date=2018-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelda.helsinki.fi%2Fhandle%2F10138%2F26111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+ruble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsband2018" class="citation book cs1">Osband, Kent (7 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1Q1c9HF7064C&q=soviet+ruble+%22hardship%22&pg=PA19"><i>Pandora's Risk: Uncertainty at the Core of Finance</i></a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231151726" title="Special:BookSources/9780231151726"><bdi>9780231151726</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180315133933/https://books.google.fi/books?id=1Q1c9HF7064C&pg=PA19&lpg=PA19&dq=soviet+ruble+%22hardship%22&source=bl&ots=ZURHej5wZh&sig=_h3oLVXoc8wrryJC-ZWShGMWSEU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj__cC_9-zZAhVpSZoKHTIMCbsQ6AEIRzAC#v=onepage&q=soviet+ruble+%22hardship%22&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pandora%27s+Risk%3A+Uncertainty+at+the+Core+of+Finance&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2018-05-07&rft.isbn=9780231151726&rft.aulast=Osband&rft.aufirst=Kent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1Q1c9HF7064C%26q%3Dsoviet%2Bruble%2B%2522hardship%2522%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+ruble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Susiluoto, Ilmari. Vilpittömän ilon valtakunta. Gummerus, Jyväskylä 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-951-20-7496-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-951-20-7496-9">978-951-20-7496-9</a>. Pages 174–177, 180–181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p19 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://helda.helsinki.fi/bof/bitstream/handle/123456789/12975/0392SA2.PDF">https://helda.helsinki.fi/bof/bitstream/handle/123456789/12975/0392SA2.PDF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220402093537/https://helda.helsinki.fi/bof/bitstream/handle/123456789/12975/0392SA2.PDF">Archived</a> 2022-04-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeinTimes1989" class="citation news cs1">Fein, Esther B.; Times, Special To the New York (1989-10-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/26/business/ruble-is-devalued-in-some-cases-step-to-spur-soviet-economy-seen.html">"Ruble Is Devalued in Some Cases; Step to Spur Soviet Economy Seen"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ruble+Is+Devalued+in+Some+Cases%3B+Step+to+Spur+Soviet+Economy+Seen&rft.date=1989-10-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Fein&rft.aufirst=Esther+B.&rft.au=Times%2C+Special+To+the+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F10%2F26%2Fbusiness%2Fruble-is-devalued-in-some-cases-step-to-spur-soviet-economy-seen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+ruble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/929c9e8ddfd6fa1971c9f428bd39554e">"Dollars, Dollars Everywhere Amid Ruble Confusion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Dollars%2C+Dollars+Everywhere+Amid+Ruble+Confusion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2F929c9e8ddfd6fa1971c9f428bd39554e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+ruble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-04-04-fi-2827-story.html">"Soviets Sharply Devalue Ruble in Move to Crush Currency Black Market"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. 4 April 1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Soviets+Sharply+Devalue+Ruble+in+Move+to+Crush+Currency+Black+Market&rft.date=1991-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-04-04-fi-2827-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+ruble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1991/10/10/when-is-a-ruble-not-worth-a-ruble/1febd7c6-7c0c-42f9-84b9-8d47b76d949f/">"WHEN IS A RUBLE NOT WORTH A RUBLE? - The Washington Post"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=WHEN+IS+A+RUBLE+NOT+WORTH+A+RUBLE%3F+-+The+Washington+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fbusiness%2F1991%2F10%2F10%2Fwhen-is-a-ruble-not-worth-a-ruble%2F1febd7c6-7c0c-42f9-84b9-8d47b76d949f%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+ruble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchreck2014" class="citation news cs1">Schreck, Carl (2 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/ruble-history-crashes-russia-economy/26720846.html">"Crash Course: The Ruble's Volatile Two Decades"</a>. <i>Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Crash+Course%3A+The+Ruble%27s+Volatile+Two+Decades&rft.date=2014-12-02&rft.aulast=Schreck&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fruble-history-crashes-russia-economy%2F26720846.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+ruble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130203063808/http://www.cbr.ru/currency_base/OldDataFiles/USD.xls">"Archive"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Russia" title="Central Bank of Russia">Central Bank of Russia</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cbr.ru/currency_base/OldDataFiles/USD.xls">the original</a> on 2013-02-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+Bank+of+Russia&rft.atitle=Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcbr.ru%2Fcurrency_base%2FOldDataFiles%2FUSD.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+ruble" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_ruble&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Money_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Money of the Soviet Union">Money of the Soviet Union</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1936/revbet/ch04.htm"><i>The Revolution Betrayed.</i> Chapter 4 - The Struggle for Productivity of Labor, associated with the issuence of the ruble</a>, 1936</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atsnotes.com/catalog/banknotes/russia.html">A commercial site with some relevant historical information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://banknoter.com/s/russia">Catalog of USSR Banknotes from 1922</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bis-ans-ende-der-welt.net/UdSSR-B-En.htm">Historical banknotes of the Soviet Union (incl. 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href="/wiki/Template:Ruble" title="Template:Ruble"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ruble" title="Template talk:Ruble"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ruble" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ruble"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Currencies_named_ruble" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">Currencies</a> named <i><a href="/wiki/Ruble" title="Ruble">ruble</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Circulating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_ruble" title="Belarusian ruble">Belarusian ruble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian ruble</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_ruble" title="Digital ruble">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruble_sign" title="Ruble sign">sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistrian_ruble" title="Transnistrian ruble">Transnistrian ruble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical rubles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silver_standard_ruble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silver standard ruble (page does not exist)">Imperial silver standard</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Серебряный рубль">ru</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_bank_ruble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish bank ruble (page does not exist)">Polish rubles</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Рубль Польского банка">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_parchment_scrip" title="Alaskan parchment scrip">Alaskan parchment scrip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_standard_ruble_(Russian_Empire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gold standard ruble (Russian Empire) (page does not exist)">Imperial gold standard</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Золотой рубль">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soviet ruble</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_traveler%27s_cheques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet traveler's cheques (page does not exist)">Soviet traveler's cheques</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vneshtorgbank_and_Vneshposyltorg_cheques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vneshtorgbank and Vneshposyltorg cheques (page does not exist)">Vneshtorgbank and Vneshposyltorg cheques</a></li></ul></li> <li>Successors (<a href="/wiki/Ruble_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruble zone">ruble zone</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Рублёвая зона">ru</a>]</span>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian ruble</a> (<i>current</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_ruble" title="Belarusian ruble">Belarusian ruble</a> (<i>current</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_ruble" title="Latvian ruble">Latvian ruble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_ruble" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajik ruble">Tajik ruble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_karbovanets" title="Ukrainian karbovanets">Ukrainian karbovanets</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichskommissariat_Ukraine_karbovanets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichskommissariat Ukraine karbovanets (page does not exist)">during Reichskommissariat era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_manat" title="Azerbaijani manat">Azerbaijani manat</a> (<i>current</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistani_manat" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmenistani manat">Turkmenistani manat</a> (<i>current</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_som" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzbek som">Uzbek som</a> (<i>current</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_som" title="Kyrgyz som">Kyrgyz som</a> (<i>current</i>)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ruble reforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elena_Glinskaya_monetary_reform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elena Glinskaya monetary reform (page does not exist)">1535</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:Денежная реформа Елены Глинской">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_of_Russia_monetary_reform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexis of Russia monetary reform (page does not exist)">1654-1663</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:Денежная реформа Елены Глинской">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_I_monetary_reform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter I monetary reform (page does not exist)">1701-1711</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_I" class="extiw" title="ru:Денежная реформа Петра I">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assignation_ruble" title="Assignation ruble">Assignations</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839-1843_Russian_monetary_reform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1839-1843 Russian monetary reform (page does not exist)">1839-1843</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_1839%E2%80%941843_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="ru:Денежная реформа в России 1839—1843 годов">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_standard_ruble_(Russian_Empire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gold standard ruble (Russian Empire) (page does not exist)">1895-1897</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_1895%E2%80%941897_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="ru:Денежная реформа в России 1895—1897 годов">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1922-1924_Soviet_monetary_reform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1922-1924 Soviet monetary reform (page does not exist)">1922—1924</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1922%E2%80%941924_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="ru:Денежная реформа в СССР 1922—1924 годов">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1947_Soviet_monetary_reform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1947 Soviet monetary reform (page does not exist)">1947</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1947_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Денежная реформа в СССР 1947 года">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1961_Soviet_monetary_reform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1961 Soviet monetary reform (page does not exist)">1961</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1961_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Денежная реформа в СССР 1961 года">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991_Soviet_monetary_reform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1991 Soviet monetary reform (page does not exist)">1991</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1991_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Денежная реформа в СССР 1991 года">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993_Russian_monetary_reform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1993 Russian monetary reform (page does not exist)">1993</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_1993_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Денежная реформа в России 1993 года">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1998_Russian_monetary_reform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1998 Russian monetary reform (page does not exist)">1998</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_1998_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Денежная реформа в России 1998 года">ru</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banknotes (by value in rubles)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_coinage_in_Russian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postage coinage in Russian (page does not exist)">Fractional</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Марки-деньги">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_ruble_banknotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 ruble banknotes (page does not exist)">1 ruble</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2_ruble_banknotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2 ruble banknotes (page does not exist)">2 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3_ruble_banknotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3 ruble banknotes (page does not exist)">3 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5_ruble_banknotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5 ruble banknotes (page does not exist)">5 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10_ruble_banknotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10 ruble banknotes (page does not exist)">10 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=20_ruble_banknotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="20 ruble banknotes (page does not exist)">20 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=25_ruble_banknotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="25 ruble banknotes (page does not exist)">25 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerenka" title="Kerenka">40 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=50_ruble_banknotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="50 ruble banknotes (page does not exist)">50 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=100_ruble_banknotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="100 ruble banknotes (page does not exist)">100 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=200_ruble_banknotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="200 ruble banknotes (page does not exist)">200 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=250_ruble_banknotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="250 ruble banknotes (page does not exist)">250 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=500_ruble_banknotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="500 ruble banknotes (page does not exist)">500 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1000_ruble_banknotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1000 ruble banknotes (page does not exist)">1000 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_ruble_banknotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2000 ruble banknotes (page does not exist)">2000 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5000_ruble_banknotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5000 ruble banknotes (page does not exist)">5000 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation" title="Hyperinflation">Hyperinflationary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Money_of_the_Russian_Provisional_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Money of the Russian Provisional Government (page does not exist)">Provisional Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberty_Bond_(Russia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberty Bond (Russia) (page does not exist)">Liberty Bond</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Заём Свободы">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4%C2%BD%25_State_Domestic_Victory_Bond_(1917)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4½% State Domestic Victory Bond (1917) (page does not exist)">4½% State Domestic Victory Bond (1917)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_4%C2%BD_%25_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0_1917_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Билет государственного внутреннего 4½ % выигрышного займа 1917 года">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1918_Russian_State_credit_notes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1918 Russian State credit notes (page does not exist)">1918 State credit notes</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%86%D0%B0_1918%E2%80%941919_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="ru:Государственные кредитные билеты образца 1918—1919 годов">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li>Communist authorities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sovznak" title="Sovznak">Sovznak</a></li></ul></li> <li>Regional <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_maneti" title="Georgian maneti">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_ruble" title="Armenian ruble">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_ruble" title="Azerbaijani ruble">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_maneti" title="Georgian maneti">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transcaucasian_Commissariat_ruble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transcaucasian Commissariat ruble (page does not exist)">Transcaucasian (1918)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Рубль Закавказского комиссариата">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_ruble" title="Transcaucasian ruble">Transcaucasian (1923)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Caucasian_Emirate_tuman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Caucasian Emirate tuman (page does not exist)">North Caucasian Emirate</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Туман Северо-Кавказского эмирата">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li>South-Western Russian Empire <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armavir_ruble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armavir ruble (page does not exist)">Armavir</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Армавирский рубль">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odesa_ruble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odesa ruble (page does not exist)">Odesa ruble</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuzovka_ruble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuzovka ruble (page does not exist)">Yuzovka</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%AE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Боны Юзовского отделения государственного банка">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovist_ruble" title="Makhnovist ruble">Makhnovist</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Russia_Armed_Forces_ruble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Russia Armed Forces ruble (page does not exist)">Vrangel</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Рубль Вооружённых Сил Юга России">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bukharan_ruble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bukharan ruble (page does not exist)">Bukharan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Бухарский рубль">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khorezm_ruble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khorezm ruble (page does not exist)">Khorezm</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Хорезмский рубль">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkestani_ruble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkestani ruble (page does not exist)">Turkestani</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Туркестанский рубль">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberian_ruble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siberian ruble (page does not exist)">Siberian</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Сибирский рубль">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chita_ruble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chita ruble (page does not exist)">Chita</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Читинский рубль">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin_ruble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harbin ruble (page does not exist)">Harbin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Харбинский рубль">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Far_Eastern_Republic_ruble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Far Eastern Republic ruble (page does not exist)">Far Eastern Republic</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Рубль Дальневосточной республики">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wine_money_of_Yakutia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wine money of Yakutia (page does not exist)">Yakutia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Винные деньги Якутии">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li>Other <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olonets_Governorate_ruble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olonets Governorate ruble (page does not exist)">Olonets Governorate</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Рубль Олонецкой губернии">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morzhovki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morzhovki (page does not exist)">Northern Oblast</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Моржовки">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_ruble" title="Latvian ruble">Latvian ruble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_ostrubel" title="German ostrubel">German ostrubel</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_ruble#Banknotes" title="Belarusian ruble">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistrian_ruble#Second_ruble_(1994–2000)" title="Transnistrian ruble">Transnistrian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coins (value in rubles)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">800</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polupolushka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polupolushka (page does not exist)">polupolushka</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Полуполушка">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">400</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polushka" title="Polushka">polushka</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">200</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denga" title="Denga">denga</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">100</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kopeck" title="Kopeck">kopeck</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">200</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Para_(Moldovan_coin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Para (Moldovan coin) (page does not exist)">para</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Пара — три денги">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">50</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_kopecks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Two kopecks (page does not exist)">2 kopecks</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Две копейки">ru</a>]</span>; <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">pre-1917</a> name <a href="/wiki/Groschen" title="Groschen">grosh</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">100</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_kopecks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Three kopecks (page does not exist)">3 kopecks</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Три копейки">ru</a>]</span>; pre-1917 name <a href="/wiki/Altyn" title="Altyn">altyn</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">25</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_kopecks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Four kopecks (page does not exist)">4 kopecks</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Четыре копейки">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">20</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_kopecks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Five kopecks (page does not exist)">5 kopecks</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Пять копеек">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">10</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_kopecks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ten kopecks (page does not exist)">10 kopecks</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Десять копеек">ru</a>]</span>; pre-1917 name grivennik</li></ul></li> <li><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">20</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fifteen_kopecks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fifteen kopecks (page does not exist)">15 kopecks</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Пятнадцать копеек">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">5</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Twenty_kopecks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Twenty kopecks (page does not exist)">20 kopecks</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Двадцать копеек">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Twenty-five_kopecks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Twenty-five kopecks (page does not exist)">25 kopecks</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Двадцать пять копеек">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">10</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thirty_kopecks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thirty kopecks (page does not exist)">Thirty kopecks</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fifty_kopecks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fifty kopecks (page does not exist)">50 kopecks</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Пятьдесят копеек">ru</a>]</span>; pre-1917 name poltina</li></ul></li> <li><span class="frac"><span class="num">16</span>⁄<span class="den">25</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yefimok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yefimok (page does not exist)">Yefimok</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Ефимок">ru</a>]</span> (64 kopecks)</li></ul></li> <li><span class="frac"><span class="num">24</span>⁄<span class="den">25</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livonez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Livonez (page does not exist)">Livonez</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7" class="extiw" title="ru:Ливонез">ru</a>]</span> (96 kopecks)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_ruble_coins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 ruble coins (page does not exist)">1 ruble</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_ruble" title="Constantine ruble">Constantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2_ruble_coins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2 ruble coins (page does not exist)">2 rubles</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Два рубля">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3_ruble_coins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3 ruble coins (page does not exist)">3 rubles</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Три рубля">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5_ruble_coins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5 ruble coins (page does not exist)">5 rubles</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:Пять рублей">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_coins_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Platinum coins of the Russian Empire">6 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_(coin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperial (coin) (page does not exist)">7<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10_ruble_coins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10 ruble coins (page does not exist)">10 rubles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chervonets" title="Chervonets">Chervonets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_coins_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Platinum coins of the Russian Empire">12 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_(coin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperial (coin) (page does not exist)">15 rubles</a> (imperial after 1897)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=20_ruble_coins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="20 ruble coins (page does not exist)">20 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=25_ruble_coins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="25 ruble coins (page does not exist)">25 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=37%C2%BD_rubles_-_100_franc_coin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="37½ rubles - 100 franc coin (page does not exist)">37<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> ruble - 100 franc</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%E2%80%94_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="ru:Тридцать семь рублей пятьдесят копеек — сто франков">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=50_ruble_coins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="50 ruble coins (page does not exist)">50 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=100_ruble_coins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="100 ruble coins (page does not exist)">100 rubles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruble-z%C5%82oty_double-denominated_coins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruble-złoty double-denominated coins (page does not exist)">Ruble-złoty coins</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monety_polsko-rosyjskie" class="extiw" title="pl:Monety polsko-rosyjskie">pl</a>]</span></li> <li>Commemorative <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commemorative_coins_of_the_Russian_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commemorative coins of the Russian Empire (page does not exist)">Russian Empire</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Памятные монеты Российской империи">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commemorative_coins_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of commemorative coins of the Soviet Union">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commemorative_coins_of_the_Russian_ruble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commemorative coins of the Russian ruble (page does not exist)">Russian</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Памятные монеты России">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commemorative_coins_of_the_Belarusian_ruble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commemorative coins of the Belarusian ruble (page does not exist)">Belarusian</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Памятные монеты Белоруссии">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commemorative_coins_of_the_Transnistrian_ruble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commemorative coins of the Transnistrian ruble (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Памятные монеты Приднестровья">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commemorative_coins_of_Ukraine#Ukrainian_karbovanets_coins_of_1995-1996" title="List of commemorative coins of Ukraine">Ukrainian karbovanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Republic_commemorative_currency" title="Kyrgyz Republic commemorative currency">Kyrgyz som</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commemorative_coins_of_the_Uzbek_som&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commemorative coins of the Uzbek som (page does not exist)">Uzbek som</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Памятные монеты Узбекистана">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemorative_coins_of_Azerbaijan" title="Commemorative coins of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijani manat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commemorative_coins_of_the_Turkmen_manat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commemorative coins of the Turkmen manat (page does not exist)">Turkmen manat</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Памятные монеты Туркменистана">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_coin" title="Pattern coin">Pattern coins</a> and specimens <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_coins_of_the_Russian_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pattern coins of the Russian Empire (page does not exist)">Russian Empire</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Пробные монеты Российской империи">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_coins_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pattern coins of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">USSR</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0" class="extiw" title="ru:Пробные монеты СССР">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banknotes_of_the_Indo-Chinese_Bank_of_Vladivostok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banknotes of the Indo-Chinese Bank of Vladivostok (page does not exist)">Indo-Chinese Bank of Vladivostok</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Рубль Индо-Китайского банка">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monetary surrogates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1990s <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ural_franc" title="Ural franc">Ural franc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nemtsovka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nemtsovka (page does not exist)">Nizhny Novgorod</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Немцовки">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monetary_surrogates_in_Karelia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monetary surrogates in Karelia (page does not exist)">Karelia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Суррогатные деньги Карелии">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monetary_surrogates_in_Tatarstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monetary surrogates in Tatarstan (page does not exist)">Tatarstan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Татарстанские социальные чеки">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monetary_surrogates_in_Khakassia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monetary surrogates in Khakassia (page does not exist)">Khakassia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Хакасский рубль">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li>Other periods <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulag_money&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gulag money (page does not exist)">Gulag</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%A3%D0%9B%D0%90%D0%93%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Деньги ГУЛАГа">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_co-op_money&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet co-op money (page does not exist)">Soviet co-op</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Кооперативная марка">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spitzbergen_ruble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spitzbergen ruble (page does not exist)">Spitzbergen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Рубль Шпицбергена">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Historical <a href="/wiki/Mint_(facility)" title="Mint (facility)">mints</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historical_mints_in_Moscow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historical mints in Moscow (page does not exist)">Moscow</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Московские монетные дворы">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anninsk_Mint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anninsk Mint (page does not exist)">Anninsk</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" class="extiw" title="ru:Аннинский монетный двор">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolpino_Mint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolpino Mint (page does not exist)">Kolpino</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" class="extiw" title="ru:Колпинский монетный двор">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suzun_Mint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suzun Mint (page does not exist)">Suzun</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" class="extiw" title="ru:Сузунский монетный двор">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tauric_Mint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tauric Mint (page does not exist)">Tauric</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" class="extiw" title="ru:Таврический монетный двор">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Mint" title="Polish Mint">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yekatirenburg_Mint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yekatirenburg Mint (page does not exist)">Yekatirenburg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" class="extiw" title="ru:Екатеринбургский монетный двор">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Goznak" title="Goznak">Goznak</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Mint" title="Moscow Mint">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Mint" title="Saint Petersburg Mint">Saint Petersburg</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Dubasov" title="Ivan Dubasov">Ivan Dubasov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergei_Gruzenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergei Gruzenberg (page does not exist)">Sergei Gruzenberg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Грузенберг, Сергей Николаевич">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Igor_Krylkov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Igor Krylkov (page does not exist)">Igor Krylkov</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Крылков, Игорь Сергеевич">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lidia_Mayorova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lidia Mayorova (page does not exist)">Lidia Mayorova</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0,_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Майорова, Лидия Фёдоровна">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Reindorff" title="Günther Reindorff">Günther Reindorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Vasyutinsky" title="Anton Vasyutinsky">Anton Vasyutinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihards_Zari%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Rihards Zariņš">Rihards Zariņš</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Currencies_of_post-Soviet_states" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Currencies_of_post-Soviet_states" title="Template:Currencies of post-Soviet states"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Currencies_of_post-Soviet_states" title="Template talk:Currencies of post-Soviet states"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Currencies_of_post-Soviet_states" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Currencies of post-Soviet states"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Currencies_of_post-Soviet_states" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">Currencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">post-Soviet states</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_apsar" title="Abkhazian apsar">Abkhazian apsar</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_dram" title="Armenian dram">Armenian dram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_manat" title="Azerbaijani manat">Azerbaijani manat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_ruble" title="Belarusian ruble">Belarusian ruble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> <ul><li>Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_lari" title="Georgian lari">Georgian lari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstani_tenge" title="Kazakhstani tenge">Kazakhstani tenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_som" title="Kyrgyz som">Kyrgyz som</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_leu" title="Moldovan leu">Moldovan leu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian ruble</a> <ul><li>Russia, Abkhazia* and South Ossetia*</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Ossetian_zarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Ossetian zarin (page does not exist)">South Ossetian zarin</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_somoni" title="Tajikistani somoni">Tajikistani somoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistrian_ruble" title="Transnistrian ruble">Transnistrian ruble</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistani_manat" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmenistani manat">Turkmenistani manat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_hryvnia" title="Ukrainian hryvnia">Ukrainian hryvnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistani_sum" title="Uzbekistani sum">Uzbekistani sum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artsakh_dram" title="Artsakh dram">Artsakh dram</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_naxar" title="Chechen naxar">Chechen naxar</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_kroon" title="Estonian kroon">Estonian kroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_kuponi" title="Georgian kuponi">Georgian kuponi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_ruble" title="Latvian ruble">Latvian ruble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_lats" title="Latvian lats">Latvian lats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_litas" title="Lithuanian litas">Lithuanian litas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_talonas" title="Lithuanian talonas">Lithuanian talonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_cupon" title="Moldovan cupon">Moldovan cupon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soviet ruble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_ruble" title="Tajikistani ruble">Tajikistani ruble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_karbovanets" title="Ukrainian karbovanets">Ukrainian karbovanets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* Unrecognized</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soviet_Union_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Soviet_Union_topics" title="Template:Soviet Union topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Soviet_Union_topics" title="Template talk:Soviet Union topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Soviet_Union_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Soviet Union topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soviet_Union_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="History of the Soviet Union">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Soviet_Union%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Soviet Union–related articles">Index of Soviet Union–related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Creation_of_the_Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics" title="Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics">Creation treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Economic_Policy" title="New Economic Policy">New Economic Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Great Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Great Patriotic War</a> (World War II) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Evacuation in the Soviet Union">Evacuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="The Holocaust in the Soviet Union">The Holocaust</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khrushchev_Thaw" title="Khrushchev Thaw">Khrushchev Thaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Soviet_economic_reform" title="1965 Soviet economic reform">1965 economic reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Stagnation" title="Era of Stagnation">Stagnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">Post-Soviet states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostalgia_for_the_Soviet_Union" title="Nostalgia for the Soviet Union">Nostalgia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Geography of the Soviet Union">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Subdivisions of the Soviet Union">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">Republics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republics" title="Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics">Autonomous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Oblasts of the Soviet Union">Oblasts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_oblasts_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union">Autonomous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_city" title="Closed city">Closed city</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Mountains" title="Caucasus Mountains">Caucasus Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Ural Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Siberian_Plain" title="West Siberian Plain">West Siberian Plain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politics of the Soviet Union">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Constitution of the Soviet Union">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_Constitution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="1936 Constitution of the Soviet Union">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Constitution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union">1977</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Elections in the Soviet Union">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Foreign relations of the Soviet Union">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnev Doctrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_control_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Gun control in the Soviet Union">Gun control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Government of the Soviet Union">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of governments of the Soviet Union">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Human rights in the Soviet Union">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_post-Soviet_states" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the post-Soviet states">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Law of the Soviet Union">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Capital punishment in the Soviet Union">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of leaders of the Soviet Union">Leaders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_leadership_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Collective leadership in the Soviet Union">Collective leadership</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_delimitation_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="National delimitation in the Soviet Union">National delimitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passport_system_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Passport system in the Soviet Union">Passport system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propiska_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Propiska in the Soviet Union">Propiska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of political parties in the Soviet Union">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">State ideology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leninism" title="Leninism">Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_anti-Zionism" title="Soviet anti-Zionism">Soviet anti-Zionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Organization of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Central Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Presidium/Politburo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Secretariat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">General Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Soviets_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union">Congress of Soviets</a> (1922–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Supreme Soviet</a> (1938–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_People%27s_Deputies_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union">Congress of People's Deputies</a> (1989–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Court of the Soviet Union">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Collegium_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union">Military Collegium</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of heads of state of the Soviet Union">Heads of state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="President of the Soviet Union">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Premier of the Soviet Union">Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union">Deputy Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Deputy_Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union">First Deputy Premier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Soviet_secret_police_agencies" title="Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies">Security services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheka" title="Cheka">Cheka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Political_Directorate" title="State Political Directorate">GPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_battalions" class="mw-redirect" title="Destruction battalions">Destruction battalions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union)">MVD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Militsiya" title="Militsiya">Militsiya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)">MGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chairmen_of_the_KGB" title="List of chairmen of the KGB">Chairmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Border_Troops" title="Soviet Border Troops">Soviet Border Troops</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Armed_Forces" title="Soviet Armed Forces">Soviet Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Army" title="Soviet Army">Soviet Army</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spetsnaz_GRU" title="Spetsnaz GRU">Spetsnaz GRU</a> • <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Navy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Forces" title="Soviet Air Forces">Soviet Air Forces</a>/<a href="/wiki/Soviet_Airborne_Forces" title="Soviet Airborne Forces">Soviet Airborne Forces</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_repression_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Political repression in the Soviet Union">Political repression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Terror" title="Red Terror">Red Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivization_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Collectivization in the Soviet Union">Collectivization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Great Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_transfer_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Population transfer in the Soviet Union">Population transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labor_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Forced labor in the Soviet Union">Forced labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Gulag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gulag_camps" title="List of Gulag camps">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holodomor" title="Holodomor">Holodomor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union">Political abuse of psychiatry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ideological_repression_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Ideological repression in the Soviet Union">Ideological repression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Religion in the Soviet Union">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repression_of_science_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Repression of science in the Soviet Union">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Censorship in the Soviet Union">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_images_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Censorship of images in the Soviet Union">Censorship of images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Economy of the Soviet Union">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Agriculture in the Soviet Union">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosbank" class="mw-redirect" title="Gosbank">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet-type_economic_planning" title="Soviet-type economic planning">Economic planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Energy policy of the Soviet Union">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-year_plans_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Five-year plans of the Soviet Union">Five-year plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.su" title=".su">Internet domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_innovation#Soviet_Union" title="Timeline of Russian innovation">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_material_product" title="Net material product">Net material product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGAS" title="OGAS">OGAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Science and technology in the Soviet Union">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rouble <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Transport in the Soviet Union">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Railway_system_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Railway system of the Soviet Union">Railway system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Rail transport in the Soviet Union">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metro_systems_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of metro systems in the Soviet Union">List of metro systems</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Science and technology in the Soviet Union">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Academy" title="Communist Academy">Communist Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybernetics_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cybernetics in the Soviet Union">Cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences#In_the_Soviet_Union" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USSR_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences" title="USSR Academy of Medical Sciences">Academy of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VASKhNIL" title="VASKhNIL">Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharashka" title="Sharashka">Sharashkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naukograd" title="Naukograd">Naukograds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Naukograds" title="Category:Naukograds">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Society of the Soviet Union">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Antisemitism in the Soviet Union">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Crime in the Soviet Union">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Demographics of the Soviet Union">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_people" title="Soviet people">Soviet people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_working_class" title="Soviet working class">Working class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Soviet_census" title="1989 Soviet census">1989 census</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Drug policy of the Soviet Union">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Family in the Soviet Union">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Languages of the Soviet Union">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistics_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistics of the Soviet Union">Linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillisation_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cyrillisation in the Soviet Union">Cyrillisation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_Russian_Empire_and_the_Soviet_Union" title="Prohibition in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union">Prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Racism in the Soviet Union">Racism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Culture of the Soviet Union">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ballet" title="Russian ballet">Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashion in the Soviet Union">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_literature#20th_century" title="Russian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Music of the Soviet Union">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_opera#20th_century" title="Russian opera">Opera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_phraseology" title="Soviet phraseology">Phraseology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printed_media_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Printed media in the Soviet Union">Printed media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Propaganda in the Soviet Union">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Radio in the Soviet Union">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Russia" title="Sport in Russia">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinist_architecture" title="Stalinist architecture">Stalinist architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Television in the Soviet Union">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sovietism" title="Anti-Sovietism">Opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_dissidents" title="Soviet dissidents">Soviet dissidents</a> and their groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soviet_opposition_groups" title="Category:Soviet opposition groups">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Anthem_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="State Anthem of the Soviet Union">Anthem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthems_of_the_Soviet_Republics" title="Anthems of the Soviet Republics">Republics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Emblem_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="State Emblem of the Soviet Union">Emblem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emblems_of_the_Soviet_Republics" title="Emblems of the Soviet Republics">Republics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Flag of the Soviet Union">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_Soviet_Republics" title="Flags of the Soviet Republics">Republics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_and_sickle" title="Hammer and sickle">Hammer and sickle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, 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