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class="mw-page-title-main">Gideon Welles</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3" title="قیدئون ولس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قیدئون ولس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon_Welles" title="Gideon Welles – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gideon Welles" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon_Welles" title="Gideon Welles – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gideon Welles" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon_Welles" title="Gideon Welles – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gideon Welles" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3" title="گیدئون ولس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گیدئون ولس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon_Welles" title="Gideon Welles – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gideon Welles" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon_Welles" title="Gideon Welles – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gideon Welles" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A1" title="גדעון ולס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גדעון ולס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B2" title="جدعون ويلز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جدعون ويلز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon_Welles" title="Gideon Welles – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gideon Welles" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%87%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BA" title="ギデオン・ウェルズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ギデオン・ウェルズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon_Welles" title="Gideon Welles – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gideon Welles" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon_Welles" title="Gideon Welles – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gideon Welles" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon_Welles" title="Gideon Welles – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gideon Welles" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon_Welles" title="Gideon Welles – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gideon Welles" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United States Secretary of the Navy from 1861 to 1869</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Gideon Welles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gideon_Welles_cph.3b20114_(3x4a).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gideon_Welles_cph.3b20114_%283x4a%29.jpg/220px-Gideon_Welles_cph.3b20114_%283x4a%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gideon_Welles_cph.3b20114_%283x4a%29.jpg/330px-Gideon_Welles_cph.3b20114_%283x4a%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gideon_Welles_cph.3b20114_%283x4a%29.jpg/440px-Gideon_Welles_cph.3b20114_%283x4a%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="899" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Welles <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1855–1865</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">24th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">United States Secretary of the Navy</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 7, 1861 – March 4, 1869</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Toucey" title="Isaac Toucey">Isaac Toucey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adolph_E._Borie" title="Adolph E. Borie">Adolph E. Borie</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_State_Comptroller" title="Connecticut State Comptroller">Comptroller of Connecticut</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1842–1844</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chauncey_Fitch_Cleveland" class="mw-redirect" title="Chauncey Fitch Cleveland">Chauncey Fitch Cleveland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Henry Kilbourn</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Abijah Carrington</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1835–1836</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Edwards" title="Henry W. Edwards">Henry W. Edwards</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Roger Huntington</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Field_(American_politician)" title="William Field (American politician)">William Field</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1802-07-01</span>)</span>July 1, 1802<br /><a href="/wiki/Glastonbury,_Connecticut" title="Glastonbury, Connecticut">Glastonbury</a>, Connecticut, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 11, 1878<span style="display:none">(1878-02-11)</span> (aged 75)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a>, Connecticut, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Hill_Cemetery_(Hartford,_Connecticut)" title="Cedar Hill Cemetery (Hartford, Connecticut)">Cedar Hill Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(before 1848)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1848–1854)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1854–1878)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_Hale_Welles" title="Mary Jane Hale Welles">Mary Jane Hale</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">8</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Norwich_University" title="Norwich University">Norwich University</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gideon_Welles_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gideon Welles's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Gideon_Welles_Signature.svg/128px-Gideon_Welles_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Gideon_Welles_Signature.svg/192px-Gideon_Welles_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Gideon_Welles_Signature.svg/256px-Gideon_Welles_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gideon Welles</b> (July 1, 1802 – February 11, 1878), nicknamed "Father Neptune", was the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">United States Secretary of the Navy</a> from 1861 to 1869, a cabinet post he was awarded after supporting <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860 election</a>. Although opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Union_blockade" title="Union blockade">Union blockade</a> of Southern ports, he duly carried out his part of the <a href="/wiki/Anaconda_Plan" title="Anaconda Plan">Anaconda Plan</a>, largely sealing off the Confederate coastline and preventing the exchange of cotton for war supplies. This is viewed as a major cause of Union victory in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, and his achievement in expanding the Navy almost tenfold was widely praised. Welles was also instrumental in the Navy's creation of the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gideon_Welles&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gideon Welles, the son of Samuel Welles and Ann Hale,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHale1909[httpsarchiveorgdetailsancestrydescenda00halepage112mode2up_113]_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale1909[httpsarchiveorgdetailsancestrydescenda00halepage112mode2up_113]-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was born on July 1, 1802, in <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury,_Connecticut" title="Glastonbury, Connecticut">Glastonbury, Connecticut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was a shipping merchant and fervent <a href="/wiki/Jeffersonian_democracy" title="Jeffersonian democracy">Jeffersonian</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiven19736_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiven19736-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was a member of the Convention, which formed the first state <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Connecticut Constitution">Connecticut Constitution</a> in 1818 that abolished the colonial charter and officially severed the pre-<a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> political ties to England. In contrast to the <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Orders_of_Connecticut" title="Fundamental Orders of Connecticut">Fundamental Orders of Connecticut</a>, the successor constitution of 1818 provided for freedom of religion. He was a member of the seventh generation of his family in America. His original immigrant ancestor was <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Welles" title="Thomas Welles">Thomas Welles</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorton190519–21_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorton190519–21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiven19737_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiven19737-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who arrived in 1635 and was the only man in Connecticut's history to hold all four top offices: governor, deputy governor, treasurer, and secretary. He was also the transcriber of the Fundamental Orders. Welles was the second great-grandson of Capt. Samuel Welles and Ruth (Rice) Welles, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Rice_(1638)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund Rice (1638)">Edmund Rice</a>, a 1638 immigrant to <a href="/wiki/Sudbury,_Massachusetts" title="Sudbury, Massachusetts">Sudbury</a> and founder of <a href="/wiki/Marlborough,_Massachusetts" title="Marlborough, Massachusetts">Marlborough, Massachusetts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He married on June 16, 1835, at Lewiston, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_Hale_Welles" title="Mary Jane Hale Welles">Mary Jane Hale</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was born on June 18, 1817, in Glastonbury, Connecticut, the daughter of Elias White Hale and Jane Mullhallan. Her father, Elias, graduated from <a href="/wiki/Yale_College" title="Yale College">Yale College</a> in 1794 and practiced law in Mifflin and Centre Counties, Pennsylvania.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiven197316_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiven197316-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She died on February 28, 1886, in Hartford, Connecticut, and was buried next to her husband in Cedar Hill Cemetery in Hartford. Gideon and Mary Jane were the parents of six children. </p><p>He was educated at the <a href="/wiki/Cheshire_Academy" title="Cheshire Academy">Episcopal Academy at Cheshire, Connecticut</a>, and earned a degree at the American Literary, Scientific, and Military Academy at Norwich, Vt. (later <a href="/wiki/Norwich_University" title="Norwich University">Norwich University</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became a lawyer through the then-common practice of reading the law, but soon shifted to journalism and became the founder and editor of the <i><a href="/wiki/Hartford_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Hartford Times">Hartford Times</a></i> in 1826. After successfully gaining admission, from 1827 to 1835, he participated in the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_House_of_Representatives" title="Connecticut House of Representatives">Connecticut House of Representatives</a> as a Democrat. Following his service in the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_General_Assembly" title="Connecticut General Assembly">Connecticut General Assembly</a>, he served in various posts, including State Controller of Public Accounts in 1835, <a href="/wiki/Postmaster" title="Postmaster">Postmaster</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a> (1836–41), and Chief of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_bureau_system" title="United States Navy bureau system">Bureau of Provisions and Clothing</a> for the Navy (1846–49).<sup id="cite_ref-Gideon_Welles_papers,_1777-1911_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gideon_Welles_papers,_1777-1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Welles was a <a href="/wiki/Jacksonian_democracy" title="Jacksonian democracy">Jacksonian Democrat</a> who worked very closely with <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Milton_Niles" title="John Milton Niles">John Milton Niles</a>. His chief rival in the Connecticut Democratic Party was <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Toucey" title="Isaac Toucey">Isaac Toucey</a>, whom Welles would later replace at the Navy Department. While Welles dutifully supported <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a> in the 1844 election, he would abandon the Democrats in 1848 to support Van Buren's <a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil</a> campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarle200473–75_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarle200473–75-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mainly because of his strong <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">anti-slavery</a> views, Welles shifted allegiance in 1854 to the newly established <a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican Party</a> and founded a newspaper in 1856 (the <i>Hartford Evening Press</i>) that would espouse Republican ideals for decades thereafter. He was the Republican nominee for governor in the <a href="/wiki/1856_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1856 Connecticut gubernatorial election">1856 Connecticut gubernatorial election</a>, coming in third behind <a href="/wiki/William_T._Minor" title="William T. Minor">William T. Minor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ingham" title="Samuel Ingham">Samuel Ingham</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secretary_of_the_Navy">Secretary of the Navy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gideon_Welles&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Secretary of the Navy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><img alt="A dark-haired, bearded, middle-aged man holding documents is seated among seven other men.]]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Emancipation_proclamation.jpg/280px-Emancipation_proclamation.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Emancipation_proclamation.jpg/420px-Emancipation_proclamation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Emancipation_proclamation.jpg/560px-Emancipation_proclamation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="915" usemap="#ImageMap_ab2b7974f65b6987" resource="/wiki/File:Emancipation_proclamation.jpg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_ab2b7974f65b6987"><area href="/wiki/Edwin_M._Stanton" shape="poly" coords="50,167,47,145,36,138,24,135,8,114,4,90,9,85,14,81,11,70,21,64,25,68,27,79,40,99,57,123,67,126,76,164" alt="Edwin Stanton" title="Edwin Stanton" /><area href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" shape="poly" coords="32,53,32,46,46,38,46,28,49,22,55,23,57,31,57,38,60,44,66,55,70,65,63,74,64,88" alt="Salmon Chase" title="Salmon Chase" /><area href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" shape="poly" coords="106,167,100,132,80,114,67,105,70,85,73,75,87,66,84,59,88,48,97,48,102,53,99,63,98,70,104,75,111,80,119,92,134,101,129,103,129,108,125,102,116,103,111,115,130,117,127,159" alt="Abraham Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln" /><area href="/wiki/Gideon_Welles" shape="poly" coords="129,96,138,82,147,76,144,65,149,57,155,55,161,61,162,71,162,76,171,80,171,88,158,99,152,100,132,100" alt="Gideon Welles" title="Gideon Welles" /><area href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" shape="poly" coords="131,146,140,144,154,117,169,116,173,106,169,100,165,105,156,105,163,94,174,84,195,76,195,73,193,71,195,68,198,63,196,62,196,61,202,59,210,63,212,70,208,77,211,87,214,95,209,110,203,118,202,132" alt="William Seward" title="William Seward" /><area href="/wiki/Caleb_Blood_Smith" shape="poly" coords="169,78,176,61,184,55,186,53,183,46,185,38,193,39,195,46,196,53,199,58,200,59,196,61,195,66,193,72,193,76,172,85" alt="Caleb Smith" title="Caleb Smith" /><area href="/wiki/Montgomery_Blair" shape="poly" coords="202,58,206,48,204,41,204,34,207,30,214,30,218,36,215,42,215,46,224,50,230,58,231,70,231,83,228,91,210,84,209,77,212,71,210,64" alt="Montgomery Blair" title="Montgomery Blair" /><area href="/wiki/Edward_Bates" shape="poly" coords="229,89,242,78,244,71,242,61,247,58,254,61,256,67,256,72,256,74,264,79,266,93,269,105,252,104,230,97" alt="Edward Bates" title="Edward Bates" /><area href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" shape="poly" coords="117,104,111,116,131,117,136,103" alt="Emancipation Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation" /><area href="/wiki/Simon_Cameron" shape="poly" coords="22,15,22,56,1,56,1,15" alt="Portrait of Simon Cameron" title="Portrait of Simon Cameron" /><area href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" shape="poly" coords="140,37,179,35,177,1,137,2" alt="Portrait of Andrew Jackson" title="Portrait of Andrew Jackson" /></map><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/First_Reading_of_the_Emancipation_Proclamation_of_President_Lincoln" title="First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln">First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bicknell_Carpenter" title="Francis Bicknell Carpenter">Francis Bicknell Carpenter</a> (1864) <small><i>(Clickable image—use cursor to identify.)</i></small></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RunningtheMachine-LincAdmin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/RunningtheMachine-LincAdmin.jpg/220px-RunningtheMachine-LincAdmin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/RunningtheMachine-LincAdmin.jpg/330px-RunningtheMachine-LincAdmin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/RunningtheMachine-LincAdmin.jpg/440px-RunningtheMachine-LincAdmin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1124" /></a><figcaption><i>The Running Machine</i>:<br /> An 1864 cartoon takes a swing at the Lincoln administration. It features Welles, <a href="/wiki/William_P._Fessenden" title="William P. Fessenden">William P. Fessenden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_M._Stanton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin M. Stanton">Edwin M. Stanton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">William H. Seward</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Welles' strong support of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860 presidential election</a> made him the logical candidate from New England for Lincoln's cabinet. In March 1861, Lincoln named Welles his <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a>. </p><p>Welles found the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Naval Department</a> in disarray, with Southern officers resigning en masse. His first major action was to dispatch the Navy's most powerful warship, the <a href="/wiki/USS_Powhatan_(1850)" title="USS Powhatan (1850)">USS <i>Powhatan</i></a>, to relieve Fort Sumter on Lincoln's instructions. Unfortunately, Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">Seward</a> had just ordered the <i>Powhatan</i> to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pickens" title="Fort Pickens">Fort Pickens</a>, Florida on his own authority, ruining whatever chance Major <a href="/wiki/Robert_Anderson_(Civil_War)" title="Robert Anderson (Civil War)">Robert Anderson</a> had of withstanding the assault. Several weeks later, when Seward argued for a blockade of Southern ports, Welles argued vociferously against the action but was eventually overruled by Lincoln. Despite his misgivings, Welles' efforts to rebuild the Navy and implement the blockade proved extraordinarily effective. From 76 ships and 7,600 sailors in 1861, the Navy expanded almost tenfold by 1865. His implementation of the Naval portion of the <a href="/wiki/Anaconda_Plan" title="Anaconda Plan">Anaconda Plan</a> strongly weakened the Confederacy's ability to finance the war by limiting the cotton trade, and while never completely effective in sealing off all 3,500 miles of Southern coastline, it was a major contribution towards Northern victory. Lincoln nicknamed Welles his "<a href="/wiki/Neptune_(mythology)" title="Neptune (mythology)">Neptune</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Lincoln's assassination, Welles was retained by President <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> as Secretary of the Navy. In 1866, Welles, along with Seward, was instrumental in launching the National Union Party as a third party alternative supportive of Johnson's reconciliation policies. Welles also played a prominent part in Johnson's ill-fated "<a href="/wiki/Swing_Around_the_Circle" title="Swing Around the Circle">Swing Around the Circle</a>" campaign that autumn.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Although Welles admitted in his diary that he was dismayed by Johnson's behavior on the trip, particularly the president's penchant for invective and engaging directly with hecklers, Welles remained loyal to Johnson, and supported him during <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment of Andrew Johnson">his impeachment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marinaro,_Michael._12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marinaro,_Michael.-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 17 and 18, 1868, Welles testified in <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson">the impeachment trial of Johnson</a>, having been called as a witness by Johnson's defense team.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His son Edgar also testified that day.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life_and_death">Later life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gideon_Welles&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Later life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GideonWellesPortrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/GideonWellesPortrait.jpg/170px-GideonWellesPortrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/GideonWellesPortrait.jpg/255px-GideonWellesPortrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/GideonWellesPortrait.jpg/340px-GideonWellesPortrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="969" /></a><figcaption>Gideon Welles</figcaption></figure> <p>After leaving politics, Welles returned to Connecticut and to writing, editing his journals, and authoring several books before his death, including a biography, <i>Lincoln and Seward</i>, published in 1874.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was a Third Class Companion of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_the_Loyal_Legion_of_the_United_States" title="Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States">Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States</a>. While the Loyal Legion did consist predominantly of Union officers who had served in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> the Order's constitution provided for honorary members (i.e. Third Class Companions) who were civilians who had made significant contributions to the war effort. Welles was also instrumental in the Navy's creation of the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MOH_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOH-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Towards the end of 1877, his health began to wane. Welles died from a streptococcal throat infection, at the age of seventy-five, on February 12, 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His body was interred at <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Hill_Cemetery_(Hartford,_Connecticut)" title="Cedar Hill Cemetery (Hartford, Connecticut)">Cedar Hill Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford, Connecticut</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gideon_Welles&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two ships have been named <a href="/wiki/USS_Welles" title="USS Welles">USS <i>Welles</i></a> in his honor. The Dining Commons at <a href="/wiki/Cheshire_Academy" title="Cheshire Academy">Cheshire Academy</a> and the Gideon Welles School in <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury,_Connecticut" title="Glastonbury, Connecticut">Glastonbury, Connecticut</a>, are also named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Square,_Chicago" title="Lincoln Square, Chicago">Lincoln Square</a> neighborhood of Chicago, <a href="/wiki/Welles_Park_(Chicago)" title="Welles Park (Chicago)">Welles Park</a> was dedicated in his honor in 1910,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an adjacent restaurant, opened in 2014, was also named after Gideon Welles.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was not an ancestor of <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> as the actor had claimed on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dick_Cavett_Show" title="The Dick Cavett Show">The Dick Cavett Show</a></i>. <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gideon_Welles&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_early_American_naval_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliography of early American naval history">Bibliography of early American naval history</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gideon_Welles&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale1909[httpsarchiveorgdetailsancestrydescenda00halepage112mode2up_113]-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHale1909[httpsarchiveorgdetailsancestrydescenda00halepage112mode2up_113]_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHale1909">Hale 1909</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ancestrydescenda00hale/page/112/mode/2up">113</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTobit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1878/02/12/80675443.pdf">"Obituary: Gideon Welles"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. February 12, 1878<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Gideon+Welles&rft.date=1878-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1878%2F02%2F12%2F80675443.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENiven19736-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiven19736_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNiven1973">Niven 1973</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorton190519–21-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorton190519–21_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNorton1905">Norton 1905</a>, pp. 19–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENiven19737-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiven19737_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNiven1973">Niven 1973</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725010813/http://www.edmund-rice.org/era5gens/p37.htm#i350937">"Gideon Welles in ERA database"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Rice_(1638)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund Rice (1638)">Edmund Rice (1638)</a> Association, Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edmund-rice.org/era5gens/p37.htm#i350937">the original</a> on July 25, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gideon+Welles+in+ERA+database&rft.pub=Edmund+Rice+%281638%29+Association%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edmund-rice.org%2Fera5gens%2Fp37.htm%23i350937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTobit1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1886/03/04/106181617.pdf">"Obituary: Mrs. Gideon Welles"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. March 4, 1886<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Mrs.+Gideon+Welles&rft.date=1886-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1886%2F03%2F04%2F106181617.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENiven197316-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiven197316_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNiven1973">Niven 1973</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gideon_Welles_papers,_1777-1911-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gideon_Welles_papers,_1777-1911_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms003053">"Gideon Welles papers, 1777-1911"</a>. <i>Library of Congress Finding Aid</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress+Finding+Aid&rft.atitle=Gideon+Welles+papers%2C+1777-1911&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.loc.gov%2Floc.mss%2Feadmss.ms003053&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarle200473–75-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarle200473–75_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEarle2004">Earle 2004</a>, pp. 73–75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarinaro,_Michael." class="citation web cs1">Marinaro, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://connecticuthistory.org/gideon-welles-us-secretary-of-the-navy-and-lincolns-neptune/">"Gideon Welles, US Secretary of the Navy and Lincoln's "Neptune"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Connecticut History</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Connecticut+History&rft.atitle=Gideon+Welles%2C+US+Secretary+of+the+Navy+and+Lincoln%27s+%22Neptune%22&rft.au=Marinaro%2C+Michael.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconnecticuthistory.org%2Fgideon-welles-us-secretary-of-the-navy-and-lincolns-neptune%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marinaro,_Michael.-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marinaro,_Michael._12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Connecticut History</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b628530&view=1up&seq=286"><i>Extracts from the Journal of the United States Senate In All Cases of Impeachment Presented By The United States House of Representatives (1798-1904)</i></a>. Congressional serial set. 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Daily Missouri Republican. April 20, 1980<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2022</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=By+Telegraph+Saturday%27s+Dispatches+From+Washington&rft.pub=Daily+Missouri+Republican&rft.date=1980-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F666811132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MOH-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MOH_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970709142530/http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq38-1.htm">"The Navy's Medal of Honor"</a>. Department of the Navy – Naval Historical Center. October 30, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq38-1.htm">the original</a> on July 9, 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Navy%27s+Medal+of+Honor&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Navy+%E2%80%93+Naval+Historical+Center&rft.date=2007-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.navy.mil%2Ffaqs%2Ffaq38-1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202032817/http://www.cheshireacademy.org/page/student-life/campus-resources/gideon-welles-dining-hall">"Gideon Welles Dining Hall"</a>. <i>www.cheshireacademy.org</i>. Cheshire Academy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cheshireacademy.org/page/student-life/campus-resources/gideon-welles-dining-hall">the original</a> on February 2, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cheshireacademy.org&rft.atitle=Gideon+Welles+Dining+Hall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cheshireacademy.org%2Fpage%2Fstudent-life%2Fcampus-resources%2Fgideon-welles-dining-hall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/a/glastonburyus.org/gideon/">"Gideon Welles School"</a>. <i>sites.google.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sites.google.com&rft.atitle=Gideon+Welles+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fa%2Fglastonburyus.org%2Fgideon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagoparkdistrict.com/parks-facilities/Welles-Park/">"Welles (Gideon) Park | Chicago Park District"</a>. <i>www.chicagoparkdistrict.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chicagoparkdistrict.com&rft.atitle=Welles+%28Gideon%29+Park+%26%23124%3B+Chicago+Park+District&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagoparkdistrict.com%2Fparks-facilities%2FWelles-Park%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gideonchicago.com">"Home | Gideon Welles in Chicago, IL | Food & Drink"</a>. <i>Gideon Welles</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gideon+Welles&rft.atitle=Home+%7C+Gideon+Welles+in+Chicago%2C+IL+%7C+Food+%26+Drink&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gideonchicago.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandrigan2014" class="citation web cs1">Landrigan, Leslie (June 8, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/gideon-welles-civil-war-diplomacy-gossip-band-concerts/">"Gideon Welles, June 8, 1863: Civil War, Diplomacy, Mrs. Lincoln and Weekly Marine Band Concerts"</a>. <i>New England Historical Society</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+England+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Gideon+Welles%2C+June+8%2C+1863%3A+Civil+War%2C+Diplomacy%2C+Mrs.+Lincoln+and+Weekly+Marine+Band+Concerts&rft.date=2014-06-08&rft.aulast=Landrigan&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewenglandhistoricalsociety.com%2Fgideon-welles-civil-war-diplomacy-gossip-band-concerts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gideon_Welles&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Boulard, Garry "The Swing Around the Circle—Andrew Johnson and the Train Ride that Destroyed a Presidency" (iUniverse, 2008)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEarle2004" class="citation book cs1">Earle, Jonathan Halperin (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819083600/https://www.questia.com/read/118937526/jacksonian-antislavery-and-the-politics-of-free-soil"><i>Jacksonian antislavery and the politics of free soil, 1824-1854</i></a>. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-2888-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-2888-5"><bdi>978-0-8078-2888-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1098629620">1098629620</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/118937526/jacksonian-antislavery-and-the-politics-of-free-soil">the original</a> on August 19, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jacksonian+antislavery+and+the+politics+of+free+soil%2C+1824-1854&rft.place=Chapel+Hill%2C+NC&rft.pub=The+University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1098629620&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-2888-5&rft.aulast=Earle&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+Halperin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Fread%2F118937526%2Fjacksonian-antislavery-and-the-politics-of-free-soil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHale1909" class="citation book cs1">Hale, Oscar Fitzalan (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ancestrydescenda00hale/page/n8/mode/2up"><i>Ancestry and descendants of Josiah Hale : fifth in descent from Samuel Hale of Hartford, Conn., 1637</i></a>. Rutland, VT: Tuttle. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/608535741">608535741</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancestry+and+descendants+of+Josiah+Hale+%3A+fifth+in+descent+from+Samuel+Hale+of+Hartford%2C+Conn.%2C+1637&rft.place=Rutland%2C+VT&rft.pub=Tuttle&rft.date=1909&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F608535741&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=Oscar+Fitzalan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fancestrydescenda00hale%2Fpage%2Fn8%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiven1973" class="citation book cs1">Niven, John (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gideonwelleslinc00john"><i>Gideon Welles; Lincoln's Secretary of the Navy</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195016932" title="Special:BookSources/9780195016932"><bdi>9780195016932</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/797990">797990</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gideon+Welles%3B+Lincoln%27s+Secretary+of+the+Navy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F797990&rft.isbn=9780195016932&rft.aulast=Niven&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgideonwelleslinc00john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton1905" class="citation book cs1">Norton, Frederick Calvin (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/governorsofconne00norton/page/18/mode/2up"><i>The governors of Connecticut : biographies of the chief executives of the commonwealth that gave to the world the first written constitution known to history</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/958732197">958732197</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+governors+of+Connecticut+%3A+biographies+of+the+chief+executives+of+the+commonwealth+that+gave+to+the+world+the+first+written+constitution+known+to+history&rft.date=1905&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F958732197&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Frederick+Calvin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgovernorsofconne00norton%2Fpage%2F18%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Siemiatkoski, Donna Holt. <i>The Descendants of Governor Thomas Welles of Connecticut, 1590–1658, and His Wife, Alice Tomes</i> Baltimore: Publisher, Gateway Press, 1990.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinters1963" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_D._Winters" title="John D. Winters">Winters, John</a> (1963). <i>The Civil War in Louisiana</i>. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-0834-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-0834-5"><bdi>978-0-8071-0834-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1391726">1391726</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Civil+War+in+Louisiana&rft.place=Baton+Rouge&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1391726&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-0834-5&rft.aulast=Winters&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gideon_Welles&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelles1911" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Welles, Gideon</a> (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/diaryofgideonwelv1well"><i>Diary of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy under Lincoln and Johnson</i></a>. Vol. I. Boston; New York : Houghton Mifflin Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diary+of+Gideon+Welles%2C+Secretary+of+the+Navy+under+Lincoln+and+Johnson&rft.pub=Boston%3B+New+York+%3A+Houghton+Mifflin+Company&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Welles&rft.aufirst=Gideon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiaryofgideonwelv1well&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelles1911" class="citation book cs1">Welles, Gideon (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/diaryofgideonwelv2well"><i>Diary of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy under Lincoln and Johnson</i></a>. Vol. II. Boston; New York : Houghton Mifflin Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diary+of+Gideon+Welles%2C+Secretary+of+the+Navy+under+Lincoln+and+Johnson&rft.pub=Boston%3B+New+York+%3A+Houghton+Mifflin+Company&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Welles&rft.aufirst=Gideon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiaryofgideonwelv2well&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelles1911" class="citation book cs1">Welles, Gideon (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/diaryofgideonwelv3well"><i>Diary of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy under Lincoln and Johnson</i></a>. Vol. III. Boston; New York : Houghton Mifflin Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diary+of+Gideon+Welles%2C+Secretary+of+the+Navy+under+Lincoln+and+Johnson&rft.pub=Boston%3B+New+York+%3A+Houghton+Mifflin+Company&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Welles&rft.aufirst=Gideon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiaryofgideonwelv3well&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGideon+Welles" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gideon_Welles&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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Rose Manuscript, Archives and Rare Book Library</a>, Emory University: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/9014z">Welles family papers, 1712-1871</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Roger Huntington</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_State_Comptroller" title="Connecticut State Comptroller">Connecticut State Comptroller</a> </b><br />1835–1836 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Field_(American_politician)" title="William Field (American politician)">William Field</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Henry Kilbourn</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_State_Comptroller" title="Connecticut State Comptroller">Connecticut State Comptroller</a> </b><br />1842–1844 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Abijah Carrington</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New political party</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Connecticut">Governor of Connecticut</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1856_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1856 Connecticut gubernatorial election">1856</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Holley" title="Alexander H. Holley">Alexander H. Holley</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Toucey" title="Isaac Toucey">Isaac Toucey</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">United States Secretary of the Navy</a> </b><br />1861–1869 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Adolph_E._Borie" title="Adolph E. Borie">Adolph E. Borie</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Robert_Smith_(Cabinet_member)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Smith (Cabinet member)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hamilton_(politician)" title="Paul Hamilton (politician)">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jones_(statesman)" title="William Jones (statesman)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Williams_Crowninshield" title="Benjamin Williams Crowninshield">Crowninshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Thompson" title="Smith Thompson">S Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Southard" title="Samuel L. Southard">Southard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Branch" title="John Branch">Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury">L. Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahlon_Dickerson" title="Mahlon Dickerson">Dickerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kirke_Paulding" title="James Kirke Paulding">Paulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Edmund_Badger" title="George Edmund Badger">Badger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_P._Upshur" title="Abel P. Upshur">Upshur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Henshaw_(American_politician)" title="David Henshaw (American politician)">Henshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Walker_Gilmer" title="Thomas Walker Gilmer">Gilmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Y._Mason" title="John Y. Mason">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bancroft" title="George Bancroft">Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Y._Mason" title="John Y. Mason">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ballard_Preston" class="mw-redirect" title="William Ballard Preston">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Graham" title="William Alexander Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Kennedy" title="John P. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Dobbin" title="James C. Dobbin">Dobbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Toucey" title="Isaac Toucey">Toucey</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Welles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_E._Borie" title="Adolph E. Borie">Borie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Robeson" title="George M. Robeson">Robeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_W._Thompson" title="Richard W. Thompson">R Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Goff_Jr." title="Nathan Goff Jr.">Goff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Hunt" title="William H. Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Chandler" title="William E. Chandler">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Collins_Whitney" title="William Collins Whitney">Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Tracy" title="Benjamin F. Tracy">Tracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_A._Herbert" title="Hilary A. Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Long" title="John Davis Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Moody" title="William Henry Moody">Moody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Morton_(politician)" title="Paul Morton (politician)">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Charles Joseph Bonaparte">Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_H._Metcalf" title="Victor H. Metcalf">Metcalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_H._Newberry" title="Truman H. Newberry">Newberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_von_Lengerke_Meyer" title="George von Lengerke Meyer">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephus_Daniels" title="Josephus Daniels">Daniels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Denby_(politician)" title="Edwin Denby (politician)">Denby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_D._Wilbur" title="Curtis D. Wilbur">Wilbur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_III" title="Charles Francis Adams III">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_A._Swanson" title="Claude A. Swanson">Swanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edison" title="Charles Edison">Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Knox" title="Frank Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Forrestal" title="James Forrestal">Forrestal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Dept. of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Sullivan_(United_States_Navy)" title="John L. Sullivan (United States Navy)">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_P._Matthews" title="Francis P. Matthews">Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_A._Kimball" title="Dan A. Kimball">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Anderson_(Texas_politician)" title="Robert B. Anderson (Texas politician)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomas_(Secretary_of_the_Navy)" title="Charles Thomas (Secretary of the Navy)">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Gates_Jr." title="Thomas S. Gates Jr.">T. Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Franke" title="William B. Franke">Franke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Connally" title="John Connally">Connally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Korth" title="Fred Korth">Korth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nitze" title="Paul Nitze">Nitze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ignatius" title="Paul Ignatius">Ignatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chafee" title="John Chafee">Chafee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warner" title="John Warner">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._William_Middendorf" title="J. William Middendorf">Middendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Graham_Claytor_Jr." title="W. Graham Claytor Jr.">Claytor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hidalgo" title="Edward Hidalgo">Hidalgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lehman" title="John Lehman">Lehman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Webb" title="Jim Webb">Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Ball" title="William L. Ball">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Garrett_III" title="Henry L. Garrett III">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_O%27Keefe" title="Sean O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Dalton" title="John Howard Dalton">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Danzig" title="Richard Danzig">Danzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_R._England" title="Gordon R. England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_C._Winter" title="Donald C. Winter">Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Mabus" title="Ray Mabus">Mabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_V._Spencer" title="Richard V. Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Braithwaite" title="Kenneth Braithwaite">Braithwaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Del_Toro" title="Carlos Del Toro">Del Toro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="430" /></span></span><br /><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/US-UnderSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg/80px-US-UnderSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/US-UnderSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg/120px-US-UnderSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/US-UnderSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg/160px-US-UnderSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="430" /></span></span><br /><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/US-AssistantSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg/80px-US-AssistantSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/US-AssistantSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg/120px-US-AssistantSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/US-AssistantSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg/160px-US-AssistantSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Under Secretary of the Navy">Under<br />Secretaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Forrestal" title="James Forrestal">Forrestal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Austin_Bard" title="Ralph Austin Bard">Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemus_Gates" title="Artemus Gates">A. Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Sullivan_(United_States_Navy)" title="John L. Sullivan (United States Navy)">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._John_Kenney" title="W. John Kenney">Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_A._Kimball" title="Dan A. Kimball">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_P._Whitehair" title="Francis P. Whitehair">Whitehair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomas_(Secretary_of_the_Navy)" title="Charles Thomas (Secretary of the Navy)">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Gates_Jr." title="Thomas S. Gates Jr.">T. Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Franke" title="William B. Franke">Franke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_A._Bantz" title="Fred A. Bantz">Bantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_B._Fay" title="Paul B. Fay">Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._BeLieu" title="Kenneth E. BeLieu">BeLieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._B._Baldwin" title="Robert H. B. Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Baird" title="Charles F. Baird">Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warner" title="John Warner">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_P._Sanders" title="Frank P. Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._William_Middendorf" title="J. William Middendorf">Middendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_S._Potter" title="David S. Potter">Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_R._Macdonald" title="David R. Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._James_Woolsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="R. James Woolsey Jr.">Woolsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Murray" title="Robert J. Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Goodrich" title="James F. Goodrich">Goodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Garrett_III" title="Henry L. Garrett III">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Daniel_Howard" title="J. Daniel Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Danzig" title="Richard Danzig">Danzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_MacArthur_Hultin" title="Jerry MacArthur Hultin">Hultin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Pirie_Jr." title="Robert B. Pirie Jr.">Pirie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Livingstone" title="Susan Livingstone">Livingstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionel_M._Aviles" title="Dionel M. Aviles">Aviles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_O._Work" title="Robert O. Work">Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janine_A._Davidson" title="Janine A. Davidson">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Modly" title="Thomas Modly">Modly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Raven" title="Erik Raven">Raven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy">Assistant<br />Secretaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pre–1954</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Fox" title="Gustavus Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Faxon" title="William Faxon">Faxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Soley" title="James R. Soley">Soley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McAdoo_(New_Jersey_politician)" title="William McAdoo (New Jersey politician)">McAdoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">T. Roosevelt Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Herbert_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Herbert Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_W._Hackett" title="Frank W. Hackett">Hackett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hial_Darling" title="Charles Hial Darling">Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_H._Newberry" title="Truman H. Newberry">Newberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_L._Satterlee" title="Herbert L. Satterlee">Satterlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beekman_Winthrop" title="Beekman Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">F. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Woodbury" title="Gordon Woodbury">G. Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Jr." title="Theodore Roosevelt Jr.">T. Roosevelt Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Douglas_Robinson" title="Theodore Douglas Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_L._Jahncke" title="Ernest L. Jahncke">Jahncke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Roosevelt" title="Henry L. Roosevelt">H. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edison" title="Charles Edison">Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Compton" title="Lewis Compton">Compton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Austin_Bard" title="Ralph Austin Bard">Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Struve_Hensel" title="H. Struve Hensel">Hensel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._John_Kenney" title="W. John Kenney">Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_E._Andrews" title="Mark E. Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Koehler" title="John T. Koehler">Koehler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_R._Askins" title="Herbert R. Askins">Askins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_H._Fogler" title="Raymond H. Fogler">Fogler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Post–1954</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(Financial_Management_and_Comptroller)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management and Comptroller)">Financial Management and Comptroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(Energy,_Installations_and_Environment)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Energy, Installations and Environment)">Energy, Installations and Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(Manpower_and_Reserve_Affairs)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs)">Manpower and Reserve Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(Research,_Development_and_Acquisition)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisition)">Research, Development and Acquisitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Counsel_of_the_Navy" title="General Counsel of the Navy">General Counsel of the Navy</a></li> <li>defunct: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(AIR)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (AIR)">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(Installations_and_Logistics)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Installations and Logistics)">Installations and Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(Material)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Material)">Material</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(AIR)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (AIR)">Research and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(AIR)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (AIR)">Research, Engineering and Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(Shipbuilding_and_Logistics)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Shipbuilding and Logistics)">Shipbuilding and Logistics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Abraham_Lincoln_(1861–1865)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lincoln_cabinet" title="Template:Lincoln cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lincoln_cabinet" title="Template talk:Lincoln cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lincoln_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lincoln cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Abraham_Lincoln_(1861–1865)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> (1861–1865)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">William H. Seward</a> (1861–1865)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg/100px-Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg/150px-Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg/200px-Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2850" data-file-height="3742" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Salmon P. Chase</a> (1861–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Fessenden" title="William P. Fessenden">William P. Fessenden</a> (1864–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_McCulloch" title="Hugh McCulloch">Hugh McCulloch</a> (1865)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cameron" title="Simon Cameron">Simon Cameron</a> (1861–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Stanton" title="Edwin Stanton">Edwin Stanton</a> (1862–1865)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bates" title="Edward Bates">Edward Bates</a> (1861–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Speed" title="James Speed">James Speed</a> (1864–1865)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Blair" title="Montgomery Blair">Montgomery Blair</a> (1861–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dennison_Jr." title="William Dennison Jr.">William Dennison Jr.</a> (1864–1865)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gideon Welles</a> (1861–1865)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Blood_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Caleb Blood Smith">Caleb Blood Smith</a> (1861–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Palmer_Usher" title="John Palmer Usher">John Palmer Usher</a> (1863–1865)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Team_of_Rivals" title="Team of Rivals">Team of Rivals</a></i> <small>(2005 book)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Andrew_Johnson_(1865–1869)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Andrew_Johnson_cabinet" title="Template:Andrew Johnson cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Andrew_Johnson_cabinet" title="Template talk:Andrew Johnson cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Andrew_Johnson_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Andrew Johnson cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Andrew_Johnson_(1865–1869)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> (1865–1869)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">William H. Seward</a> (1865–1869)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Andrew_Johnson_-_3a53290u.png/100px-Andrew_Johnson_-_3a53290u.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Andrew_Johnson_-_3a53290u.png/150px-Andrew_Johnson_-_3a53290u.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Andrew_Johnson_-_3a53290u.png/200px-Andrew_Johnson_-_3a53290u.png 2x" data-file-width="3058" data-file-height="3731" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_McCulloch" title="Hugh McCulloch">Hugh McCulloch</a> (1865–1869)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Stanton" title="Edwin Stanton">Edwin Stanton</a> (1865–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Schofield" title="John Schofield">John Schofield</a> (1868–1869)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Speed" title="James Speed">James Speed</a> (1865–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stanbery" title="Henry Stanbery">Henry Stanbery</a> (1866–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Evarts" title="William M. Evarts">William M. Evarts</a> (1868–1869)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Dennison_Jr." title="William Dennison Jr.">William Dennison Jr.</a> (1865–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Randall_(Wisconsin_politician)" title="Alexander Randall (Wisconsin politician)">Alexander Randall</a> (1866–1869)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gideon Welles</a> (1865–1869)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Palmer_Usher" title="John Palmer Usher">John Palmer Usher</a> (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harlan_(Iowa_politician)" title="James Harlan (Iowa politician)">James Harlan</a> (1865–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orville_Hickman_Browning" title="Orville Hickman Browning">Orville Hickman Browning</a> (1866–1869)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Battle_of_Hampton_Roads" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Battle_of_Hampton_Roads" title="Template:Battle of Hampton Roads"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Battle_of_Hampton_Roads" title="Template talk:Battle of Hampton Roads"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Battle_of_Hampton_Roads" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Battle of Hampton Roads"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Battle_of_Hampton_Roads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hampton_Roads" title="Battle of Hampton Roads">Battle of Hampton Roads</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Lorimer_Worden" title="John Lorimer Worden">John Lorimer Worden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Greene_(naval_officer)" title="Samuel Greene (naval officer)">Samuel Dana Greene</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gideon Welles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Buchanan" title="Franklin Buchanan">Franklin Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catesby_ap_Roger_Jones" title="Catesby ap Roger Jones">Catesby ap Roger Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Fox" title="Gustavus Fox">Gustavus Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Mallory" title="Stephen Mallory">Stephen Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Forrest" title="French Forrest">French Forrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ericsson" title="John Ericsson">John Ericsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_N._Stodder" title="Louis N. Stodder">Louis N. Stodder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Monitor" title="USS Monitor"><b>USS <i>Monitor</i></b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Virginia" title="CSS Virginia"><b>CSS <i>Virginia</i></b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Congress_(1841)" title="USS Congress (1841)">USS <i>Congress</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Cumberland_(1842)" title="USS Cumberland (1842)">USS <i>Cumberland</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Zouave_(1861)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Zouave (1861)">USS <i>Zouave</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Roanoke_(1855)" title="USS Roanoke (1855)">USS <i>Roanoke</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Minnesota_(1855)" title="USS Minnesota (1855)">USS <i>Minnesota</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_St._Lawrence_(1848)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS St. Lawrence (1848)">USS <i>St. Lawrence</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Beaufort" title="CSS Beaufort">CSS <i>Beaufort</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Raleigh_(1861)" title="CSS Raleigh (1861)">CSS <i>Raleigh</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Patrick_Henry" title="CSS Patrick Henry">CSS <i>Patrick Henry</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Jamestown" title="CSS Jamestown">CSS <i>Jamestown</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads" title="Hampton Roads">Hampton Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidewater_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidewater region">Tidewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_River" title="James River">James River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_River_(Virginia)" title="Elizabeth River (Virginia)">Elizabeth River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Monroe" title="Fort Monroe">Fort Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewell%27s_Point" title="Sewell's Point">Sewell's Point</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Civil_War" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;;background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Civil_War" title="Template:American Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Civil_War" title="Template talk:American Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Civil_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Origins" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Origins</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Origins of the American Civil War">Origins</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_events_leading_to_the_American_Civil_War" title="Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War">Timeline leading to the War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">Bleeding Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_states_(American_Civil_War)" title="Border states (American Civil War)">Border states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry">John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas-Nebraska_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas-Nebraska Act">Kansas-Nebraska Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Douglas_debates" title="Lincoln–Douglas debates">Lincoln–Douglas debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nullification_crisis" title="Nullification crisis">Nullification crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Origins of the American Civil War">Origins of the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1857" title="Panic of 1857">Panic of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Popular sovereignty in the United States">Popular sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_in_the_United_States" title="Secession in the United States">Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Declaration_of_Secession" title="South Carolina Declaration of Secession">South Carolina Declaration of Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">States' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Lincoln%27s_75,000_volunteers" title="President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers">President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Speech" title="Cornerstone Speech">Cornerstone Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crittenden_Compromise" title="Crittenden Compromise">Crittenden Compromise</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-Eaters" title="Fire-Eaters">Fire-Eaters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slave_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Fugitive slave laws in the United States">Fugitive slave laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_complexes_in_the_Southern_United_States" title="Plantation complexes in the Southern United States">Plantations in the American South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_as_a_positive_good_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery as a positive good in the United States">Positive good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Power" title="Slave Power">Slave Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Treatment of slaves in the United States">Treatment of slaves in the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Birney" title="James G. Birney">James G. Birney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">William Lloyd Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_Debates_on_Slavery" class="mw-redirect" title="Lane Debates on Slavery">Lane Debates on Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Parish_Lovejoy" title="Elijah Parish Lovejoy">Elijah Parish Lovejoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Sella_Martin" title="J. Sella Martin">J. Sella Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Lysander Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Luther_Stearns" title="George Luther Stearns">George Luther Stearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Thaddeus Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Charles Sumner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caning_of_Charles_Sumner" title="Caning of Charles Sumner">Caning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="CombatantsTheatersCampaignsBattlesStates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Combatants</li><li>Theaters</li><li>Campaigns</li><li>Battles</li><li>States</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Combatants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_army" title="Union army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Navy" title="Union Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Revenue_Cutter_Service" title="United States Revenue Cutter Service">Revenue Cutter Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Navy" title="Confederate States Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Marine_Corps" title="Confederate States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Theaters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Eastern theater of the American Civil War">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Western theater of the American Civil War">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_seaboard_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Lower seaboard theater of the American Civil War">Lower Seaboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Mississippi_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Trans-Mississippi theater of the American Civil War">Trans-Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_coast_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Pacific coast theater of the American Civil War">Pacific Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_blockade" title="Union blockade">Union naval blockade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major <a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Campaigns of the American Civil War">campaigns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaconda_Plan" title="Anaconda Plan">Anaconda Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_runners_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Blockade runners of the American Civil War">Blockade runners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_campaign" title="New Mexico campaign">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%27s_Valley_campaign" title="Jackson's Valley campaign">Jackson's Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula_campaign" title="Peninsula campaign">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Virginia_campaign" title="Northern Virginia campaign">Northern Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_campaign" title="Maryland campaign">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stones_River" title="Battle of Stones River">Stones River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_campaign" title="Vicksburg campaign">Vicksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullahoma_campaign" title="Tullahoma campaign">Tullahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_campaign" title="Gettysburg campaign">Gettysburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan%27s_Raid" title="Morgan's Raid">Morgan's Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristoe_campaign" title="Bristoe campaign">Bristoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_campaign" title="Knoxville campaign">Knoxville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_campaign" title="Red River campaign">Red River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overland_Campaign" title="Overland Campaign">Overland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_campaign" title="Atlanta campaign">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_campaigns_of_1864" title="Valley campaigns of 1864">Valley 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Hundred_campaign" title="Bermuda Hundred campaign">Bermuda Hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Petersburg" title="Siege of Petersburg">Richmond-Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin%E2%80%93Nashville_campaign" title="Franklin–Nashville campaign">Franklin–Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price%27s_Missouri_Expedition" title="Price's Missouri Expedition">Price's Missouri Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea" title="Sherman's March to the Sea">Sherman's March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_of_the_Carolinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaign of the Carolinas">Carolinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_campaign_(1865)" title="Mobile campaign (1865)">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appomattox_campaign" title="Appomattox campaign">Appomattox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Civil_War_battles" title="List of American Civil War battles">battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sumter" title="Battle of Fort Sumter">Fort Sumter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Bull_Run" title="First Battle of Bull Run">1st Bull Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wilson%27s_Creek" title="Battle of Wilson's Creek">Wilson's Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Donelson" title="Battle of Fort Donelson">Fort Donelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pea_Ridge" title="Battle of Pea Ridge">Pea Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hampton_Roads" title="Battle of Hampton Roads">Hampton Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shiloh" title="Battle of Shiloh">Shiloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Forts_Jackson_and_St._Philip" title="Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Corinth" title="Siege of Corinth">Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Seven_Pines" title="Battle of Seven Pines">Seven Pines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_Battles" title="Seven Days Battles">Seven Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Bull_Run" title="Second Battle of Bull Run">2nd Bull Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam" title="Battle of Antietam">Antietam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Perryville" title="Battle of Perryville">Perryville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fredericksburg" title="Battle of Fredericksburg">Fredericksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stones_River" title="Battle of Stones River">Stones River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chancellorsville" title="Battle of Chancellorsville">Chancellorsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Gettysburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vicksburg" title="Siege of Vicksburg">Vicksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chickamauga" title="Battle of Chickamauga">Chickamauga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_campaign" title="Chattanooga campaign">Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wilderness" title="Battle of the Wilderness">Wilderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Pillow" title="Battle of Fort Pillow">Fort Pillow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spotsylvania_Court_House" title="Battle of Spotsylvania Court House">Spotsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cold_Harbor" title="Battle of Cold Harbor">Cold Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Atlanta" title="Battle of Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Crater" title="Battle of the Crater">Crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mobile_Bay" title="Battle of Mobile Bay">Mobile Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Franklin_(1864)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Franklin (1864)">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nashville" title="Battle of Nashville">Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Five_Forks" title="Battle of Five Forks">Five Forks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Involvement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">States and<br />territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Alabama in the American Civil War">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Arkansas in the American Civil War">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Arizona" title="Confederate Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="California in the American Civil War">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado in the American Civil War">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Connecticut in the American Civil War">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Territory#Dakota_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Dakota Territory">Dakota Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C.,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Delaware#Delaware_in_the_Civil_War" title="History of Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Florida in the American Civil War">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Georgia in the American Civil War">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_and_the_American_Civil_War" title="Hawaii and the American Civil War">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Idaho in the American Civil War">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Illinois in the American Civil War">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Indian Territory in the American Civil War">Indian Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Indiana in the American Civil War">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Iowa in the American Civil War">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Kansas in the American Civil War">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Kentucky in the American Civil War">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Louisiana in the American Civil War">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Maine in the American Civil War">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Maryland in the American Civil War">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Massachusetts in the American Civil War">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Michigan in the American Civil War">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Minnesota#Civil_War_era_and_Dakota_War_of_1862" title="History of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Mississippi in the American Civil War">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Missouri in the American Civil War">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Montana in the American Civil War">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Nebraska Territory in the American Civil War">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Nevada in the American Civil War">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Hampshire#Civil_War:_1861–1865" title="History of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Jersey in the American Civil War">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Mexico Territory in the American Civil War">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New York in the American Civil War">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="North Carolina in the American Civil War">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Ohio in the American Civil War">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Oregon in the American Civil War">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Pennsylvania in the American Civil War">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Rhode Island in the American Civil War">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="South Carolina in the American Civil War">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Tennessee in the American Civil War">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Texas in the American Civil War">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Utah in the American Civil War">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Vermont in the American Civil War">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Virginia in the American Civil War">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington in the American Civil War">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="West Virginia in the American Civil War">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Wisconsin in the American Civil War">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Atlanta in the American Civil War">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Charleston in the American Civil War">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Chattanooga in the American Civil War">Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Orleans in the American Civil War">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Richmond in the American Civil War">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C.,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Winchester, Virginia in the American Civil War">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Leaders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military_leadership_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Military leadership in the American Civil War">Leaders</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Confederate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Anderson_(general)" title="Richard H. Anderson (general)">R. H. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._G._T._Beauregard" title="P. G. T. Beauregard">Beauregard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braxton_Bragg" title="Braxton Bragg">Bragg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Buchanan" title="Franklin Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Cooper_(general)" title="Samuel Cooper (general)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubal_Early" title="Jubal Early">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Ewell" title="Richard S. Ewell">Ewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Bedford_Forrest" title="Nathan Bedford Forrest">Forrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Gorgas" title="Josiah Gorgas">Gorgas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._Hill" title="A. P. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_Hood" title="John Bell Hood">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson" title="Stonewall Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Sidney_Johnston" title="Albert Sidney Johnston">A. S. Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Johnston" title="Joseph E. Johnston">J. E. Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Longstreet" title="James Longstreet">Longstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hunt_Morgan" title="John Hunt Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Mosby" title="John S. Mosby">Mosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonidas_Polk" title="Leonidas Polk">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Price" title="Sterling Price">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Semmes" title="Raphael Semmes">Semmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Kirby_Smith" title="Edmund Kirby Smith">E. K. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._E._B._Stuart" title="J. E. B. Stuart">Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(Confederate_general)" title="Richard Taylor (Confederate general)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wheeler" title="Joseph Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judah_P._Benjamin" title="Judah P. Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Bocock" title="Thomas S. Bocock">Bocock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._T._Hunter" title="Robert M. T. Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Mallory" title="Stephen Mallory">Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Memminger" title="Christopher Memminger">Memminger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Seddon" title="James Seddon">Seddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Stephens" title="Alexander H. Stephens">Stephens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Anderson_(Civil_War)" title="Robert Anderson (Civil War)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Carlos_Buell" title="Don Carlos Buell">Buell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Burnside" title="Ambrose Burnside">Burnside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Francis_Du_Pont" title="Samuel Francis Du Pont">Du Pont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Farragut" title="David Farragut">Farragut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Hull_Foote" title="Andrew Hull Foote">Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">Frémont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Halleck" title="Henry Halleck">Halleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooker" title="Joseph Hooker">Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Jackson_Hunt" title="Henry Jackson Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvin_McDowell" title="Irvin McDowell">McDowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Meade" title="George Meade">Meade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_C._Meigs" title="Montgomery C. Meigs">Meigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Ord" title="Edward Ord">Ord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pope_(military_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pope (military officer)">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Dixon_Porter" title="David Dixon Porter">D. D. Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rosecrans" title="William Rosecrans">Rosecrans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan">Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Thomas" title="George Henry Thomas">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ericsson" title="John Ericsson">Ericsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Pinkerton" title="Allan Pinkerton">Pinkerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Stanton" title="Edwin Stanton">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Wade</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Welles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Aftermath" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Aftermath</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Amendments" title="Reconstruction Amendments">Reconstruction Amendments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">13th Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14th Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">15th Amendment</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Claims" title="Alabama Claims">Alabama Claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks%E2%80%93Baxter_War" title="Brooks–Baxter War">Brooks–Baxter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpetbagger" title="Carpetbagger">Carpetbaggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colfax_massacre" title="Colfax massacre">Colfax riot of 1873</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1877" title="Compromise of 1877">Compromise of 1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_colonies" title="Confederate colonies">Confederate refugees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederados" title="Confederados">Confederados</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_riot_of_1874" class="mw-redirect" title="Election riot of 1874">Eufaula riot of 1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedmen%27s_Bureau" title="Freedmen's Bureau">Freedmen's Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedman%27s_Savings_Bank" title="Freedman's Savings Bank">Freedman's Savings Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_Acts" title="Homestead Acts">Homestead Acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Homestead_Act_of_1866" title="Southern Homestead Act of 1866">Southern Homestead Act of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_Culture_Act" title="Timber Culture Act">Timber Culture Act</a> of 1873</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment of Andrew Johnson">Impeachment of Andrew Johnson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson">trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Andrew_Johnson" title="Efforts to impeach Andrew Johnson">efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Timeline of the impeachment of Andrew Johnson">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_inquiry_into_Andrew_Johnson" title="First impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson">first inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_inquiry_into_Andrew_Johnson" title="Second impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson">second inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_impeachment_managers_investigation" title="1868 impeachment managers investigation">impeachment managers investigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk%E2%80%93Holden_war" title="Kirk–Holden war">Kirk–Holden war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_White_Camelia" title="Knights of the White Camelia">Knights of the White Camelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic violence">Ethnic violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_riots_of_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="Memphis riots of 1866">Memphis riots of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_race_riot_of_1871" title="Meridian race riot of 1871">Meridian riot of 1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_massacre_of_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans massacre of 1866">New Orleans riot of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_riot" title="Pulaski riot">Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_civil_disturbances_of_1876" title="South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876">South Carolina riots of 1876</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Acts" title="Reconstruction Acts">Reconstruction acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_Act_of_1867" title="Habeas Corpus Act of 1867">Habeas Corpus Act of 1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Act_of_1870" title="Enforcement Act of 1870">Enforcement Act of 1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Enforcement_Act" title="Second Enforcement Act">Enforcement Act of February 1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Enforcement_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Enforcement Act">Enforcement Act of April 1871</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_military_districts" title="Reconstruction military districts">Reconstruction military districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Treaties" title="Reconstruction Treaties">Reconstruction Treaties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Smith_Council" title="Fort Smith Council">Indian Council at Fort Smith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Shirts_(United_States)" title="Red Shirts (United States)">Red Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemers" title="Redeemers">Redeemers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalawag" title="Scalawag">Scalawags</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_civil_disturbances_of_1876" title="South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876">South Carolina riots of 1876</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Claims_Commission" title="Southern Claims Commission">Southern Claims Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_League" title="White League">White League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Post-<br />Reconstruction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Commemoration of the American Civil War">Commemoration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_Centennial" title="American Civil War Centennial">Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Discovery_Trail" title="Civil War Discovery Trail">Civil War Discovery Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Roundtable" title="Civil War Roundtable">Civil War Roundtables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Trails_Program" title="Civil War Trails Program">Civil War Trails Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil War Trust">Civil War Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_History_Month" title="Confederate History Month">Confederate History Month</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Day" title="Confederate Memorial Day">Confederate Memorial Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Decoration Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_reenactment" title="American Civil War reenactment">Historical reenactment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee_Day" title="Robert E. Lee Day">Robert E. Lee Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Hall" title="Confederate Memorial Hall">Confederate Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disenfranchisement_after_the_Reconstruction_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction era">Disenfranchisement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Codes_(United_States)" title="Black Codes (United States)">Black Codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiographic_issues_about_the_American_Civil_War" title="Historiographic issues about the American Civil War">Historiographic issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Cause_of_the_Confederacy" title="Lost Cause of the Confederacy">Lost Cause mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_display_of_the_Confederate_battle_flag" title="Modern display of the Confederate battle flag">Modern display of the Confederate flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Shirts_(United_States)" title="Red Shirts (United States)">Red Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Confederate_Veterans" title="Sons of Confederate Veterans">Sons of Confederate Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Union_Veterans_of_the_Civil_War" title="Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War">Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Historical_Society" title="Southern Historical Society">Southern Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Confederate_Veterans" title="United Confederate Veterans">United Confederate Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Daughters_of_the_Confederacy" title="United Daughters of the Confederacy">United Daughters of the Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Children of the Confederacy">Children of the Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington_insurrection_of_1898" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilmington insurrection of 1898">Wilmington insurrection of 1898</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Monuments<br />and memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Union_Civil_War_monuments_and_memorials" title="List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials">List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_the_Grand_Army_of_the_Republic" title="List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic">Grand Army of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Abraham_Lincoln" title="List of memorials to Abraham Lincoln">memorials to Lincoln</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Confederate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Confederate_monuments_and_memorials" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Confederate monuments and memorials">List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_artworks_in_the_United_States_Capitol" title="Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol">artworks in Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Jefferson_Davis" title="List of memorials to Jefferson Davis">memorials to Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Robert_E._Lee" title="List of memorials to Robert E. Lee">memorials to Lee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_Confederate_monuments_and_memorials" title="Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials">Removal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Cemeteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Memorial_Association" title="Ladies' Memorial Association">Ladies' Memorial Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Era_National_Cemeteries_MPS" title="Civil War Era National Cemeteries MPS">U.S. national cemeteries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Veterans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1913_Gettysburg_reunion" title="1913 Gettysburg reunion">1913 Gettysburg reunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Gettysburg_reunion" title="1938 Gettysburg reunion">1938 Gettysburg reunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Hall" title="Confederate Memorial Hall">Confederate Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Veteran" title="Confederate Veteran">Confederate Veteran</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_of_the_Republic" title="Grand Army of the Republic">Grand Army of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_the_Loyal_Legion_of_the_United_States" title="Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States">Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_soldiers%27_home" title="Old soldiers' home">Old soldiers' homes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_of_Honor" title="Southern Cross of Honor">Southern Cross of Honor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Confederate_Veterans" title="United Confederate Veterans">United Confederate Veterans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Related topics</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of weapons in the American Civil War">Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Campaign_Medal" title="Civil War Campaign Medal">Campaign Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Cavalry in the American Civil War">Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Home_Guard" title="Confederate Home Guard">Confederate Home Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_railroads_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Confederate railroads in the American Civil War">Confederate railroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_revolving_cannon" title="Confederate revolving cannon">Confederate revolving cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_artillery_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Field artillery in the American Civil War">Field artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Civil_War_Medal_of_Honor_recipients" title="List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients">Medal of Honor recipients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Medicine in the American Civil War">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_naval_battles_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of naval battles of the American Civil War">Naval battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Records_of_the_Union_and_Confederate_Armies" title="Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies">Official Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_Ranger_Act" title="Partisan Ranger Act">Partisan rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_prison_camps" title="American Civil War prison camps">POW camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foods_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Foods of the American Civil War">Rations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_Corps_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Signal Corps in the American Civil War">Signal Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_point_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Turning point of the American Civil War">Turning point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_Corps_Badges" title="American Civil War Corps Badges">Union corps badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Army_Balloon_Corps" title="Union Army Balloon Corps">U.S. Balloon Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Guard_(Union)" title="Home Guard (Union)">U.S. Home Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Railroad" title="United States Military Railroad">U.S. Military Railroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress_Joint_Committee_on_the_Conduct_of_the_War" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War">Committee on the Conduct of the War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate States presidential election">Confederate States presidential election of 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confiscation_Act_of_1861" title="Confiscation Act of 1861">Confiscation Act of 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confiscation_Act_of_1862" title="Confiscation Act of 1862">Confiscation Act of 1862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copperhead_(politics)" title="Copperhead (politics)">Copperheads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Diplomacy of the American Civil War">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_Suspension_Act_(1863)" title="Habeas Corpus Suspension Act (1863)">Habeas Corpus Act of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads_Conference" title="Hampton Roads Conference">Hampton Roads Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="National Union Party (United States)">National Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_politicians_killed_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of politicians killed in the American Civil War">Politicians killed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Republicans" title="Radical Republicans">Radical Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Affair" title="Trent Affair">Trent Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_League" title="Union League">Union Leagues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">U.S. Presidential Election of 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Democrat" title="War Democrat">War Democrats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Music of the American Civil War">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Hymn_of_the_Republic" title="Battle Hymn of the Republic">Battle Hymn of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie_(song)" title="Dixie (song)">Dixie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_Body" title="John Brown's Body">John Brown's Body</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Lincoln_Portrait" class="mw-redirect" title="A Lincoln Portrait">A Lincoln Portrait</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marching_Through_Georgia" title="Marching Through Georgia">Marching Through Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland,_My_Maryland" title="Maryland, My Maryland">Maryland, My Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/When_Johnny_Comes_Marching_Home" title="When Johnny Comes Marching Home">When Johnny Comes Marching Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daar_kom_die_Alibama" title="Daar kom die Alibama">Daar kom die Alibama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">By ethnicity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="German Americans in the American Civil War">German Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Irish Americans in the American Civil War">Irish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans_in_the_Civil_War" title="Italian Americans in the Civil War">Italian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Native Americans in the American Civil War">Native Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catawba_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Catawba in the American Civil War">Catawba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Cherokee in the American Civil War">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Choctaw in the American Civil War">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Seminole in the American Civil War">Seminole</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_riot_of_1861" title="Baltimore riot of 1861">Baltimore riot of 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_battlefield_preservation" title="American Civil War battlefield preservation">Battlefield preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Bibliography of the American Civil War">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_war_finance" title="Confederate war finance">Confederate war finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_dollar" title="Confederate States dollar">Confederate States dollar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_spies" title="American Civil War spies">Espionage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Secret_Service" title="Confederate Secret Service">Confederate Secret Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanging_at_Gainesville" title="Great Hanging at Gainesville">Great Hanging at Gainesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army_revival" title="Confederate States Army revival">Great Revival of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_issues_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Gender issues in the American Civil War">Gender issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Names of the American Civil War">Naming the war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_gold_hoax" title="Civil War gold hoax">New York City Gold Hoax of 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_draft_riots" title="New York City draft riots">New York City riots of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographers_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Photographers of the American Civil War">Photographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_bread_riots" title="Southern bread riots">Richmond riots of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Salt in the American Civil War">Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_cases_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Supreme Court cases of the American Civil War">Supreme Court cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_token" title="Civil War token">Tokens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Sanitary_Commission" title="United States Sanitary Commission">U.S. Sanitary Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_American_Civil_War_soldiers" title="List of female American Civil War soldiers">Women soldiers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_and_television_shows_about_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of films and television shows about the American Civil War">List of films and television shows about the American Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:American_Civil_War" title="Category:American Civil War">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:American_Civil_War" title="Portal:American Civil War">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Impeachment_and_impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Impeachment_and_impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Template:Impeachment and impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Impeachment_and_impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Impeachment and impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Impeachment_and_impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Impeachment and impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Impeachment_and_impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment of Andrew Johnson">Impeachment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson">impeachment trial</a> of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Andrew_Johnson" title="Efforts to impeach Andrew Johnson">Efforts to impeach Andrew Johnson</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Timeline of the impeachment of Andrew Johnson">Timeline</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inquiries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_inquiry_into_Andrew_Johnson" title="First impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson">First inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_inquiry_into_Andrew_Johnson" title="Second impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson">Second inquiry</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Thaddeus-stevens2_%281%29_%28a%29.jpg/120px-Thaddeus-stevens2_%281%29_%28a%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Thaddeus-stevens2_%281%29_%28a%29.jpg/180px-Thaddeus-stevens2_%281%29_%28a%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Thaddeus-stevens2_%281%29_%28a%29.jpg/240px-Thaddeus-stevens2_%281%29_%28a%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="629" /></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_Senate_as_a_Court_of_Impeachment_for_the_Trial_of_Andrew_Johnson_%28a%29.jpg/120px-The_Senate_as_a_Court_of_Impeachment_for_the_Trial_of_Andrew_Johnson_%28a%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_Senate_as_a_Court_of_Impeachment_for_the_Trial_of_Andrew_Johnson_%28a%29.jpg/180px-The_Senate_as_a_Court_of_Impeachment_for_the_Trial_of_Andrew_Johnson_%28a%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_Senate_as_a_Court_of_Impeachment_for_the_Trial_of_Andrew_Johnson_%28a%29.jpg/240px-The_Senate_as_a_Court_of_Impeachment_for_the_Trial_of_Andrew_Johnson_%28a%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="382" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment of Andrew Johnson">Impeachment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_impeachment_adopted_against_Andrew_Johnson" title="Articles of impeachment adopted against Andrew Johnson">Articles of impeachment</a></li> <li>Dismissal of <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Stanton" title="Edwin Stanton">Edwin Stanton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenure_of_Office_Act_(1867)" title="Tenure of Office Act (1867)">Tenure of Office Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Thomas" title="Lorenzo Thomas">Lorenzo Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_of_Army_Act" title="Command of Army Act">Command of Army Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_Around_the_Circle" title="Swing Around the Circle">Swing Around the Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Covode" title="John Covode">John Covode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Ward_Sr." title="Hamilton Ward Sr.">Hamilton Ward Sr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson">Impeachment trial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Presiding officer: <a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Salmon P. Chase</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>House managers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bingham" title="John Bingham">John Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">George S. Boutwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Benjamin Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Logan" title="John A. Logan">John A. Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Thaddeus Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Williams_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Thomas Williams (Pennsylvania politician)">Thomas Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Wilson" title="James F. Wilson">James F. Wilson</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>President's counsel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Evarts" title="William M. Evarts">William M. Evarts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Robbins_Curtis" title="Benjamin Robbins Curtis">Benjamin R. Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Groesbeck" title="William S. Groesbeck">William S. Groesbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Amos_Rogers_Nelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Amos Rogers Nelson">Thomas A. R. Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stanbery" title="Henry Stanbery">Henry Stanbery</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>Witnesses for the prosecution <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Blodgett" title="Foster Blodgett">Foster Blodgett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_A._Burleigh" title="Walter A. Burleigh">Walter A. Burleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Chandler" title="William E. Chandler">William E. Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O._Clephane" title="James O. Clephane">James O. Clephane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Emory" title="William H. Emory">William H. Emory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Ferry" title="Thomas W. Ferry">Thomas W. Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Van_Horn" title="Burt Van Horn">Burt Van Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Moorhead" title="James K. Moorhead">James K. Moorhead</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>Witnesses for the defense <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Armstrong_(journalist)" title="William W. Armstrong (journalist)">William W. Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Smith_Cox" title="Walter Smith Cox">Walter Smith Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Merrick" title="Richard T. Merrick">Richard T. Merrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Randall_(Wisconsin_politician)" title="Alexander Randall (Wisconsin politician)">Alexander Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Seward" title="Frederick W. Seward">Frederick W. Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William Tecumseh Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Thomas" title="Lorenzo Thomas">Lorenzo Thomas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gideon Welles</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_impeachment_managers_investigation" title="1868 impeachment managers investigation">Impeachment managers investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnie_Ream" title="Vinnie Ream">Vinnie Ream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profiles_in_Courage" title="Profiles in Courage">Profiles in Courage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Johnson" title="Tennessee Johnson">Tennessee Johnson</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303939#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303939#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control 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class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000071056950">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/52485948">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/200531/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwxFDBmcjJXqy7PV6Trbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1089112173">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86071999">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1009841">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/123051274">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10571337">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6vx0gb5">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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