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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8D" title="Атоэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Атоэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Ото – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ото" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otoe" title="Otoe – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Otoe" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oto_(Volk)" title="Oto (Volk) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Oto (Volk)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otoe" title="Otoe – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Otoe" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otos_(peuple)" title="Otos (peuple) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Otos (peuple)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_otoe" title="Pobo otoe – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo otoe" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oto_Indijanci" title="Oto Indijanci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oto Indijanci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oto_(popolo)" title="Oto (popolo) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Oto (popolo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B" title="ഒട്ടോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഒട്ടോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oto_(Indianie)" title="Oto (Indianie) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oto (Indianie)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F)" title="Ото (племя) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ото (племя)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otoe" title="Otoe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Otoe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oto-intiaanit" title="Oto-intiaanit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oto-intiaanit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%27%D1%8F)" title="Ото (плем'я) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ото (плем'я)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E9%9F%A6%E9%9B%B7%E6%97%8F" title="吉韦雷族 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="吉韦雷族" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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</div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to 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.hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Otoe_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Otoe (disambiguation)">Otoe (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Otoe</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div lang="iow">Jiwére</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Missouri_indian_Oto_indian_and_chief_of_the_Puncas_0040v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Missouri_indian_Oto_indian_and_chief_of_the_Puncas_0040v.jpg/250px-Missouri_indian_Oto_indian_and_chief_of_the_Puncas_0040v.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Missouri_indian_Oto_indian_and_chief_of_the_Puncas_0040v.jpg/375px-Missouri_indian_Oto_indian_and_chief_of_the_Puncas_0040v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Missouri_indian_Oto_indian_and_chief_of_the_Puncas_0040v.jpg/500px-Missouri_indian_Oto_indian_and_chief_of_the_Puncas_0040v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4410" data-file-height="3528" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Missouri Indian, Otoe Indian, and chief of the <a href="/wiki/Ponca" title="Ponca">Ponca</a> by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Bodmer" title="Karl Bodmer">Karl Bodmer</a>, c. 1840–1843</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">4,655 enrolled members</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/40px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/60px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, formerly <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Nebraska.svg/40px-Flag_of_Nebraska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Nebraska.svg/60px-Flag_of_Nebraska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, formerly <a href="/wiki/Chiwere_language" title="Chiwere language">Chiwere</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Church" title="Native American Church">Native American Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Ioway" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioway">Ioway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouria" title="Missouria">Missouria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk" title="Ho-Chunk">Ho-Chunk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Winnebago_Tribe_of_Nebraska" title="Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska">Winnebago</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Jiwére</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chiwere_language" title="Chiwere language">Jiwére ich'é</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Plains_Indian_Sign_Language" title="Plains Indian Sign Language">Hand Talk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Jiwére Máyaⁿ</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Otoe</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chiwere_language" title="Chiwere language">Chiwere</a>: Jiwére)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are a <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> people of the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a>. The Otoe language, <a href="/wiki/Chiwere" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiwere">Chiwere</a>, is part of the <a href="/wiki/Siouan" class="mw-redirect" title="Siouan">Siouan</a> family and closely related to that of the related <a href="/wiki/Iowa_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa tribe">Iowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouria" title="Missouria">Missouria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk" title="Ho-Chunk">Ho-Chunk</a> tribes. </p><p>Historically, the Otoe tribe lived as a semi-nomadic people on the Central Plains along the bank of the Missouri River in <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>. They lived in elm-bark lodges while they farmed, and used <a href="/wiki/Tipi" title="Tipi">tipis</a> while traveling, like many other Plains tribes. They often left their villages to hunt buffalo. </p><p>In the early 19th century, many of their villages were destroyed due to warfare with other tribes. European-American encroachment and disease also played a role in their decline. Today, Otoe people belong to the <a href="/wiki/Federally_recognized" class="mw-redirect" title="Federally recognized">federally recognized</a> tribe, the <a href="/wiki/Otoe-Missouria_Tribe_of_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians">Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians</a>, headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Red_Rock,_Oklahoma" title="Red Rock, Oklahoma">Red Rock, Oklahoma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otoe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pawnee01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Pawnee01.png/220px-Pawnee01.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Pawnee01.png/330px-Pawnee01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Pawnee01.png/440px-Pawnee01.png 2x" data-file-width="1270" data-file-height="1476" /></a><figcaption>Historical tribal territory of the Otoe in green; present-day reservations in orange.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Otoe were once part of the <a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk" title="Ho-Chunk">Ho-Chunk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siouan_languages" title="Siouan languages">Siouan</a>-speaking tribes of the Western <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> and Upper Midwest. Around the 16th century, successive groups split off and migrated west and south. These became distinct tribes, the Otoe, the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri tribe">Missouria</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa tribe">Ioway</a>. The Otoe settled in the lower <a href="/wiki/Nemaha_County,_Nebraska" title="Nemaha County, Nebraska">Nemaha River valley</a>. They adopted the <a href="/wiki/Horse_culture" title="Horse culture">horse culture</a> and semi-nomadic lifestyle of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a>, making the <a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a> central to their diet and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-500years_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-500years-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_contact">European contact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otoe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: European contact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Expedition" title="Lewis and Clark Expedition">Lewis and Clark Expedition</a> headed up the Missouri River to explore the new territory the Otoe were the first tribe they encountered. They met at a place on the west bank of the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri River</a> that would become known as the <a href="/wiki/Council_Bluff,_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="Council Bluff, Nebraska">Council Bluff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like other <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> tribes, the Otoe periodically left their villages to hunt for bison. Between 1817 and 1841, the Otoe lived around the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Platte_River" title="Platte River">Platte River</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>. <a href="/wiki/Otoe_County,_Nebraska" title="Otoe County, Nebraska">Otoe County, Nebraska</a> still bears their name. During this time, the Missouria families that survived European diseases and encroachment rejoined them to form the Otoe-Missouri tribe. They gathered with others to trade for European goods.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the 1830s, European-American traders tried to influence tribal members through alcohol. As their dependence on alcohol grew, the men no longer hunted, but resorted to looting vacant <a href="/wiki/Pawnee_people" title="Pawnee people">Pawnee</a> villages while the people were out hunting.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian missionaries built <a href="/wiki/Moses_Merrill_Mission" title="Moses Merrill Mission">a mission</a> there. </p><p>In 1854 the Otoe-Missouria ceded most of their lands south of the Platte River in eastern Nebraska to the U.S. by treaty. They retained the <a href="/wiki/Oto_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oto Reservation">Oto Reservation</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Big_Blue_River_(Kansas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Blue River (Kansas)">Big Blue River</a> on the present Kansas-Nebraska border. They struggled to adapt to reservation life. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Move_to_Indian_Territory">Move to Indian Territory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otoe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Move to Indian Territory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oto_delegation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Oto_delegation.jpg/250px-Oto_delegation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Oto_delegation.jpg/330px-Oto_delegation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Oto_delegation.jpg/500px-Oto_delegation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2172" data-file-height="1854" /></a><figcaption>Otoe delegation, 1881. Photographer <a href="/wiki/John_K._Hillers" class="mw-redirect" title="John K. Hillers">John K. Hillers</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Otoe_Tribal_Seal-Final.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Otoe_Tribal_Seal-Final.png/220px-Otoe_Tribal_Seal-Final.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b4/Otoe_Tribal_Seal-Final.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Otoe-Missouria Tribe Seal</figcaption></figure> <p>During the 1870s, the tribe split into two factions. The Coyote band favored an immediate move to <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a>, where they believed they could better perpetuate their traditional tribal life outside the influence of the whites. The <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a> band favored remaining on the Big Blue River land. They were willing to sell the western half of the reservation to whites to gain income for a tribal <a href="/wiki/Annuity_(finance_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Annuity (finance theory)">annuity</a>. </p><p>By the spring of 1880, about half the tribe had left the reservation and taken up residence with the <a href="/wiki/Sac_and_Fox_Nation" title="Sac and Fox Nation">Sac and Fox Nation</a> in Indian Territory. By the next year, in response to dwindling prospects of self-sufficiency and continued pressure from white settlers, the remaining Otoe members in Nebraska sold the Big Blue reservation. They migrated to Oklahoma. </p><p>With the Otoe-Missouria already there, they purchased a new reservation in the <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Outlet" title="Cherokee Outlet">Cherokee Outlet</a> in the Indian Territory. This is in present-day <a href="/wiki/Noble_County,_Oklahoma" title="Noble County, Oklahoma">Noble</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pawnee_County,_Oklahoma" title="Pawnee County, Oklahoma">Pawnee</a> Counties, Oklahoma. Today the <a href="/wiki/Otoe-Missouria_Tribe_of_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians">Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians</a> is federally recognized. It is based in <a href="/wiki/Red_Rock,_Oklahoma" title="Red Rock, Oklahoma">Red Rock, Oklahoma</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Otoe">Notable Otoe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otoe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable Otoe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annette_Arkeketa" title="Annette Arkeketa">Annette Arkeketa</a>, poet and playwright</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Channing" title="Carol Channing">Carol Channing</a>, actress<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chono_Ca_Pe" title="Chono Ca Pe">Chono Ca Pe</a>, early 19th-century leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayne_Hudjihini" class="mw-redirect" title="Hayne Hudjihini">Hayne Hudjihini</a>, or Eagle of Delight (c. 1795–1822), wife of Sų Manyi Kathi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johny_Hendricks" title="Johny Hendricks">Johny Hendricks</a>, MMA fighter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Morrison" title="Tommy Morrison">Tommy Morrison</a>, former heavyweight boxer and co-star in <i>Rocky V</i> movie</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%B3_Manyi_Kathi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sų Manyi Kathi">Sų Manyi Kathi</a>, or Prairie Wolf (c. 1785–1837), sub-chief and diplomat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Lee_Walters" title="Anna Lee Walters">Anna Lee Walters</a>, author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Della_Warrior" title="Della Warrior">Della Warrior</a>, director, New Mexico Museum of Indian Arts and Culture</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otoe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Atkinson_(Nebraska)" title="Fort Atkinson (Nebraska)">Fort Atkinson (Nebraska)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodcliff_Burials" title="Woodcliff Burials">Woodcliff Burials</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otoe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kshs.org/p/the-ioway-otoe-missouria-baxoje-jiwere-nut-achi-language-project-and-dictionary/16055">"Ioway-Otoe-Missouria Language Project"</a>. Kansas Historical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ioway-Otoe-Missouria+Language+Project&rft.pub=Kansas+Historical+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kshs.org%2Fp%2Fthe-ioway-otoe-missouria-baxoje-jiwere-nut-achi-language-project-and-dictionary%2F16055&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omtribe.org/who-we-are/culture/">"The Otoe-Missouria Tribe"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Otoe-Missouria+Tribe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omtribe.org%2Fwho-we-are%2Fculture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-500years-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-500years_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omtribe.org/who-we-are/culture/history/">"Otoe & Missouria: Five Hundred Years of History"</a>. <i>The Otoe-Missouria Tribe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Otoe-Missouria+Tribe&rft.atitle=Otoe+%26+Missouria%3A+Five+Hundred+Years+of+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omtribe.org%2Fwho-we-are%2Fculture%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Page 47, <i>Lewis & Clark: The Journey of the Corps of Discovery</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Duncan" title="Dayton Duncan">Dayton Duncan</a>, Pimlico (1998), 249 pages <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7126-6648-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7126-6648-6">0-7126-6648-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Page 200, <i>The Pawnee Indians</i>, by <a href="/wiki/George_Hyde_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Hyde (historian)">George Hyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_Press" title="University of Oklahoma Press">University of Oklahoma Press</a> (1988) (first published 1951, revised edition 1974), trade paperback, 372 pages <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-2094-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-2094-0">0-8061-2094-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aT2RTcNdnLQ&t=1367">"What's My Line? - Carol Channing; PANEL: Tony Randall, Helen G. Brown, Martin Gabel (Feb 6, 1966)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=What%27s+My+Line%3F+-+Carol+Channing%3B+PANEL%3A+Tony+Randall%2C+Helen+G.+Brown%2C+Martin+Gabel+%28Feb+6%2C+1966%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DaT2RTcNdnLQ%26t%3D1367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otoe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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/></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Otoe" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Otoe">Otoe</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ioway.nativeweb.org/language/index.htm">Ioway-Otoe Language</a>, Ioway Cultural Institute; Baxoje, the Ioway Nation, on NativeWeb</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060202000520/http://native.brokenclaw.net/otoe/om_genealogy.html">Otoe-Missouria Genealogy</a>, Database of members and descendants from reservation, Native Website</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Native_Americans_in_Nebraska" title="Template:Native Americans in Nebraska"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Native_Americans_in_Nebraska" title="Template talk:Native Americans in Nebraska"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Native_Americans_in_Nebraska" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Native Americans in Nebraska"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Nebraska&#124;link=Nebraska_Native_Americans_in_Nebraska512" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska"><img alt="Nebraska" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Nebraska.svg/40px-Flag_of_Nebraska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Nebraska.svg/60px-Flag_of_Nebraska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Native_American_tribes_in_Nebraska" title="Native American tribes in Nebraska">Native Americans</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian tribe">Historic and present tribes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arapaho" title="Arapaho">Arapaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arikara_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Arikara people">Arikara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Tribe_of_Kansas_and_Nebraska" title="Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska">Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa" title="Kiowa">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskwaki" title="Meskwaki">Meskwaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouria" title="Missouria">Missouria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cheyenne" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Cheyenne">Northern Cheyenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha_people" title="Omaha people">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otoe_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Otoe people">Otoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_people" title="Pawnee people">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponca_Tribe_of_Nebraska" title="Ponca Tribe of Nebraska">Ponca Tribe of Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauk_people" title="Sauk people">Sac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnebago_Tribe_of_Nebraska" title="Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska">Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sac_and_Fox_Nation_of_Missouri_in_Kansas_and_Nebraska" title="Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska">Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skidi" title="Skidi">Skidi Pawnee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%">Present languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winnebago_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Winnebago language">Hocak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha-Ponca_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Omaha-Ponca language">Omaha-Ponca language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language" title="Fox language">Fox language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_language" title="Sioux language">Sioux language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sac_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sac language">Sac language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Present reservations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ioway_Reservation" title="Ioway Reservation">Ioway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha_Reservation" title="Omaha Reservation">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponca_Reservation" title="Ponca Reservation">Ponca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sac_and_Fox_Reservation" title="Sac and Fox Reservation">Sac and Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santee_Sioux_Reservation" title="Santee Sioux Reservation">Santee Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnebago_Reservation" title="Winnebago Reservation">Winnebago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%">Present tribal<br />colleges and universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Priest_Tribal_College" title="Little Priest Tribal College">Little Priest Tribal College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Indian_Community_College" title="Nebraska Indian Community College">Nebraska Indian Community College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%">Historic figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonine_Barada" title="Antonine Barada">Antonine Barada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Elk" title="Big Elk">Big Elk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Blackbird" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Blackbird">Chief Blackbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joba_Chamberlain" title="Joba Chamberlain">Joba Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_EchoHawk" class="mw-redirect" title="Larry EchoHawk">Larry EchoHawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_Fontenelle" title="Logan Fontenelle">Logan Fontenelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_La_Flesche" title="Francis La Flesche">Francis La Flesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_LaFlesche" title="Joseph LaFlesche">Joseph La Flesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Lady_Grieves_The_Enemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Lady Grieves The Enemy">Old Lady Grieves The Enemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petalesharo" title="Petalesharo">Petalesharo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte" title="Susan La Flesche Picotte">Susan La Flesche Picotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Cloud" title="Red Cloud">Red Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Bear" title="Standing Bear">Standing Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susette_LaFlesche_Tibbles" class="mw-redirect" title="Susette LaFlesche Tibbles">Susette LaFlesche Tibbles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Thorpe" title="Jim Thorpe">Jim Thorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Young_Deer" title="James Young Deer">James Young Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Yellow_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Yellow Horse">Moses J. "Chief" Yellow Horse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%">Historic events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ash_Hollow" title="Battle of Ash Hollow">Battle of Ash Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_Canyon" title="Massacre Canyon">Massacre Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mud_Springs" title="Battle of Mud Springs">Battle of Mud Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rush_Creek" title="Battle of Rush Creek">Battle of Rush Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Warbonnet_Creek" title="Battle of Warbonnet Creek">Battle of Warbonnet Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grattan_massacre" title="Grattan massacre">Grattan massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheyenne War">Cheyenne War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Congress" title="Indian Congress">Indian Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%">Historic reservations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nemaha_Half-Breed_Reservation" title="Nemaha Half-Breed Reservation">Nemaha Half-Breed Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Ridge_Indian_Reservation" title="Pine Ridge Indian Reservation">Pine Ridge Indian Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oto_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oto Reservation">Oto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_Reservation" title="Pawnee Reservation">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobrara_Reservation" title="Niobrara Reservation">Niobrara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%">Historic communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ton%27wontongathon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ton'wontongathon (page does not exist)">Ton'wontongathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike-Pawnee_Village_Site" title="Pike-Pawnee Village Site">Pike-Pawnee Village Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer_Site" title="Palmer Site">Skidi Pawnee Village</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horse_Creek_Pawnee_Village&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horse Creek Pawnee Village (page does not exist)">Horse Creek Pawnee Village</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cottonwood_Creek_Archeological_Site_(Belgrade,_Nebraska)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cottonwood Creek Archeological Site (Belgrade, Nebraska) (page does not exist)">Cottonwood Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schrader_Archeological_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schrader Archeological Site (page does not exist)">Schrader Archeological Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fullerton_Archeological_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fullerton Archeological Site (page does not exist)">Fullerton Archeological Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oto_Indian_Village_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oto Indian Village Site (page does not exist)">Oto Indian Village Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leshara_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leshara Site (page does not exist)">Leshara Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=McClean_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McClean Site (page does not exist)">McClean Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodcliff_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Woodcliff Site (page does not exist)">Woodcliff Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_Davis_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore Davis Site (page does not exist)">Theodore Davis Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelso_Site" title="Kelso Site">Kelso Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wright_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wright Site (page does not exist)">Wright Site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%">Historic sacred places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guide_Rock_(hill)" title="Guide Rock (hill)">Pahur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahkawitakol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahkawitakol (page does not exist)">Ahkawitakol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalawakohtito" class="mw-redirect" title="Lalawakohtito">Lalawakohtito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahuk" title="Pahuk">Pahuk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cunningham_Archeological_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cunningham Archeological Site (page does not exist)">Cunningham Archeological Site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%">Other historic places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackbird_Hill" title="Blackbird Hill">Blackbird Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoa_Indian_Industrial_School" title="Genoa Indian Industrial School">Genoa Indian Industrial School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Susan_LaFlesche_Picotte_Memorial_Hospital" title="Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte Memorial Hospital">Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte Memorial Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_agencies_in_Nebraska" title="List of Indian agencies in Nebraska">Indian agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_LaFlesche_Picotte_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan LaFlesche Picotte House (page does not exist)">Susan LaFlesche Picotte House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanza" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanza">Nanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Merrill_Mission" title="Moses Merrill Mission">Moses Merrill Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pawnee_Mission_and_Burnt_Village_Archeological_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pawnee Mission and Burnt Village Archeological Site (page does not exist)">Pawnee Mission and Burnt Village Archeological Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Indian_Industrial_School" title="Carlisle Indian Industrial School">Carlisle Indian Industrial School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionia_Volcano" title="Ionia Volcano">Ionia Volcano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%">Precontact peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Plains_Village_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Plains Village tradition">Central Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_period" title="Woodland period">Woodland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismal_River_culture" title="Dismal River culture">Dismal River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%">Precontact communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leary_Site" title="Leary Site">Leary Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Hollow_State_Historical_Park" title="Ash Hollow State Historical Park">Ash Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coufal_site" title="Coufal site">Coufal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schultz_site" title="Schultz site">Schultz site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_Butte" title="Signal Butte">Signal Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archeological_Site_25SM20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archeological Site 25SM20 (page does not exist)">Site 25SM20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champe-Fremont_1_Archeological_Site" title="Champe-Fremont 1 Archeological Site">Champe-Fremont 1 Archeological Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Parker_Archeological_Site" title="Frank Parker Archeological Site">Frank Parker Archeological Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetwater_Archeological_Site" title="Sweetwater Archeological Site">Sweetwater Archeological Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burkett_Archeological_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burkett Archeological Site (page does not exist)">Burkett Archeological Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashland_Archeological_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashland Archeological Site (page does not exist)">Ashland Archeological Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yutan_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yutan Site (page does not exist)">Yutan Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schrader_Archeological_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schrader Archeological Site (page does not exist)">Schrader Archeological Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Archeological_Site" title="Humphrey Archeological Site">Humphrey Archeological Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Table_Rock_Archeological_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Table Rock Archeological Site (page does not exist)">Table Rock Archeological Site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%">Other precontact places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Cave_State_Park" title="Indian Cave State Park">Indian Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Hill_Archeological_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Hill Archeological District (page does not exist)">Indian Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Gilmore_site" title="Walker Gilmore site">Walker Gilmore site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site_No._JF00-072" title="Site No. JF00-072">Site JF00-072</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson-Meng_Bison_Kill" title="Hudson-Meng Bison Kill">Hudson-Meng Bison Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodcliff_Burials" title="Woodcliff Burials">Woodcliff Burials</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nehawka_Flint_Quarries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nehawka Flint Quarries (page does not exist)">Nehawka Flint Quarries</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farwell_Archeological_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farwell Archeological District (page does not exist)">Farwell Archeological District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Springs,_Nebraska" title="Blue Springs, Nebraska">Blue Springs, aka Wonder Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barneston_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barneston Site (page does not exist)">Barneston Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurz_Omaha_Village_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurz Omaha Village Site (page does not exist)">Kurz Omaha Village Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patterson_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patterson Site (page does not exist)">Patterson Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontenelle_Forest" title="Fontenelle Forest">Fontenelle Forest Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfe_and_Grey_(Schuyler)_Sites&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfe and Grey (Schuyler) Sites (page does not exist)">Wolfe and Grey (Schuyler) Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schulte_Archeological_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schulte Archeological Site (page does not exist)">Schulte Archeological Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiseman_Archeological_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiseman Archeological Site (page does not exist)">Wiseman Archeological Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durflinger_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durflinger Site (page does not exist)">Durflinger Site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_place_names_in_Nebraska_of_Native_American_origin" title="List of place names in Nebraska of Native American origin">Native American place names in Nebraska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Oklahoma&#124;link=Oklahoma_Native_American_tribes_in_Oklahoma341" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Native_American_Tribes_in_Oklahoma" title="Template:Native American Tribes in Oklahoma"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Native_American_Tribes_in_Oklahoma" title="Template talk:Native American Tribes in Oklahoma"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Native_American_Tribes_in_Oklahoma" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Native American Tribes in Oklahoma"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Oklahoma&#124;link=Oklahoma_Native_American_tribes_in_Oklahoma341" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma"><img alt="Oklahoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/40px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/60px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_American_tribes_in_Oklahoma" title="List of Native American tribes in Oklahoma">Native American tribes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of federally recognized tribes">Federally<br />recognized<br />tribes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absentee_Shawnee_Tribe_of_Indians" title="Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Indians">Absentee Shawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama%E2%80%93Quassarte_Tribal_Town" title="Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town">Alabama-Quassarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plains_Apache" title="Plains Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddo" title="Caddo">Caddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_and_Arapaho_Tribes" title="Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes">Cheyenne and Arapaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_Nation" title="Chickasaw Nation">Chickasaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_Nation_of_Oklahoma" title="Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Potawatomi_Nation" title="Citizen Potawatomi Nation">Citizen Potawatomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Nation" title="Delaware Nation">Delaware Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Tribe_of_Indians" title="Delaware Tribe of Indians">Delaware Tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Shawnee_Tribe_of_Oklahoma" title="Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma">Eastern Shawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sill_Apache_Tribe" title="Fort Sill Apache Tribe">Fort Sill Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Tribe_of_Oklahoma" title="Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaw_people" title="Kaw people">Kaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kialegee_Tribal_Town" title="Kialegee Tribal Town">Kialegee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_Tribe_of_Oklahoma" title="Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma">Kickapoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa" title="Kiowa">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Tribe_of_Oklahoma" title="Miami Tribe of Oklahoma">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_Nation" title="Modoc Nation">Modoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscogee_Nation" title="Muscogee Nation">Muscogee (Creek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_Nation" title="Osage Nation">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otoe%E2%80%93Missouria_Tribe_of_Indians" title="Otoe–Missouria Tribe of Indians">Otoe-Missouria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Tribe_of_Oklahoma" title="Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_people" title="Pawnee people">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria_people" title="Peoria people">Peoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponca_Tribe_of_Indians_of_Oklahoma" title="Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma">Ponca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quapaw" title="Quapaw">Quapaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sac_and_Fox_Nation" title="Sac and Fox Nation">Sac and Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_Nation_of_Oklahoma" title="Seminole Nation of Oklahoma">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca%E2%80%93Cayuga_Nation" title="Seneca–Cayuga Nation">Seneca-Cayuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee_Tribe" title="Shawnee Tribe">Shawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thlopthlocco_Tribal_Town" title="Thlopthlocco Tribal Town">Thlopthlocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkawa" title="Tonkawa">Tonkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Keetoowah_Band_of_Cherokee_Indians" title="United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians">United Keetoowah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_people" title="Wichita people">Wichita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandotte_Nation" title="Wyandotte Nation">Wyandotte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Tribal languages</a><br />(still spoken)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_language" title="Alabama language">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arapaho_language" title="Arapaho language">Arapaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddo_language" title="Caddo language">Caddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayuga_language" title="Cayuga language">Cayuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_language" title="Cherokee language">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_language" title="Cheyenne language">Cheyenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_language" title="Chickasaw language">Chickasaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiwere_language" title="Chiwere language">Chiwere (Iowa and Otoe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_language" title="Choctaw language">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche_language" title="Comanche language">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_languages" title="Delaware languages">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koasati_language" title="Koasati language">Koasati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikasuki_language" title="Mikasuki language">Hitchiti-Mikasuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mescalero-Chiricahua_language" title="Mescalero-Chiricahua language">Mescalero-Chiricahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language" title="Fox language">Fox (Meskwaki, Sauk, and Kickapoo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscogee_language" title="Muscogee language">Muscogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_language" title="Osage language">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_dialect" title="Ottawa dialect">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_language" title="Pawnee language">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha%E2%80%93Ponca_language" title="Omaha–Ponca language">Ponca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potawatomi_language" title="Potawatomi language">Potawatomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quapaw" title="Quapaw">Quapaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_language" title="Seneca language">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee_language" title="Shawnee language">Shawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_language" title="Wichita language">Wichita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandot_language" title="Wyandot language">Wyandot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuchi_language" title="Yuchi language">Yuchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox506" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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