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The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this version.</b></p><div id="revision-info-current-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 10:04, 27 September 2024 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:BittersweetParadox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-userlink" title="User:BittersweetParadox (page does not exist)" data-mw-revid="1248042821"><bdi>BittersweetParadox</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:BittersweetParadox" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:BittersweetParadox">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/BittersweetParadox" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/BittersweetParadox">contribs</a>)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Advice_(constitutional_law)&diff=prev&oldid=1248042821" title="Advice (constitutional law)">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Advice_(constitutional_law)&direction=prev&oldid=1248042821" title="Advice (constitutional law)">← Previous revision</a> | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Formal instructions from one officer of state to another</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Advice_(constitutional_law)" title="Special:EditPage/Advice (constitutional law)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Advice%22+constitutional+law">"Advice" constitutional law</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Advice%22+constitutional+law+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Advice%22+constitutional+law&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Advice%22+constitutional+law+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Advice%22+constitutional+law">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Advice%22+constitutional+law&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a>, <b>advice</b> is a formal and usually binding instruction given by one constitutional officer of state to another. <a href="/wiki/Heads_of_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of state">Heads of state</a> often act on the basis of advice issued by <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">prime ministers</a> or other government ministers. For example, in <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchies" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional monarchies">constitutional monarchies</a>, the monarch usually appoints <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Crown" title="Minister of the Crown">ministers of the Crown</a> on the advice of their prime minister. </p><p>Among the most prominent forms of advice offered are, among other things: </p> <ul><li>Advice to appoint and remove individual ministers.</li> <li>Advice to <a href="/wiki/Dissolve_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolve parliament">dissolve parliament</a>.</li> <li>Advice to deliver formal statements, such as a <a href="/wiki/Speech_from_the_throne" title="Speech from the throne">speech from the throne</a>.</li></ul> <p>In some states, the duty to accept advice is legally enforceable, either recognized as a binding obligation under <i><a href="/wiki/Jus_cogens" class="mw-redirect" title="Jus cogens">jus cogens</a></i> principles or established by <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a> or <a href="/wiki/Statute" title="Statute">statute</a>. Under the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster system</a>, advice may legally be rejected; for example, in several <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a>, the monarch is not legally obliged to accept the advice of his or her ministers. This lack of obligation forms part of the basis for the monarch's <a href="/wiki/Reserve_powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve powers">reserve powers</a>. Nevertheless, the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_custom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political custom)">convention</a> that the head of state accept ministerial advice is so strong that in ordinary circumstances, refusal to do so would almost certainly provoke a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_crisis" title="Constitutional crisis">constitutional crisis</a>. </p><p>Although most advice is binding, in comparatively rare instances it is not. For example, many heads of state may choose not to follow advice on a dissolution of parliament where the government has lost the confidence of that body. In some cases, whether the advice is mandatory or truly just advisory depends on the context and authority of the person offering it. Hence the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">president of Ireland</a> ordinarily is obliged to dissolve <i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a></i> (Assembly of Ireland) when advised to do so by the <i><a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">taoiseach</a></i> (prime minister). However, if a <i>taoiseach</i> has (in the words of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">Constitution of Ireland</a>) "ceased to retain the support of a majority in <i>Dáil Éireann</i>" (i.e., lost the confidence of parliament) the president has the option of refusing to follow that advice, and thus force the <i>taoiseach</i> to resign.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advice_(constitutional_law)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advice_and_consent" title="Advice and consent">Advice and consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%E2%80%93Byng_affair" title="King–Byng affair">King–Byng affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_economics" title="Constitutional economics">Constitutional economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_according_to_higher_law" title="Rule according to higher law">Rule according to higher law</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advice_(constitutional_law)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 13.2.2. of <i>Constitution of Ireland</i> (1937)</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_in_heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Book_in_heraldry.svg/30px-Book_in_heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Book_in_heraldry.svg/45px-Book_in_heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Book_in_heraldry.svg/60px-Book_in_heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_law" title="Constitutional law">constitutional law</a> topic is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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