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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">生物地理学</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。87种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-87" aria-hidden="true" > 87种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Biogeografie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جغرافيا حيوية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جغرافيا حيوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioco%C4%9Frafiya" title="Biocoğrafiya – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Biocoğrafiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بیوجوغرافیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیوجوغرافیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биогеография – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Биогеография" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioheograpiya" title="Bioheograpiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bioheograpiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біягеаграфія – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Біягеаграфія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біягеаграфія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Біягеаграфія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биогеография – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Биогеография" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="जीवभूगोल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जीवभूगोल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2" title="জীবভূগোল – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জীবভূগোল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografija" title="Biogeografija – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Biogeografija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografia" title="Biogeografia – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biogeografia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%95ng-%C5%ADk_D%C3%AA-l%C4%AB-h%C5%8Fk" title="Sĕng-ŭk Dê-lī-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sĕng-ŭk Dê-lī-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Биогеографи – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Биогеографи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%86%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بایۆجوگرافیا – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بایۆجوگرافیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Biogeografie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Биогеографи – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Биогеографи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioddaearyddiaeth" title="Bioddaearyddiaeth – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bioddaearyddiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Biogeografi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeographie" title="Biogeographie – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Biogeographie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyoco%C4%9Frafya" title="Biyocoğrafya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Biyocoğrafya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βιογεωγραφία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιογεωγραφία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeography" title="Biogeography – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Biogeography" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografio" title="Biogeografio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Biogeografio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeograf%C3%ADa" title="Biogeografía – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biogeografía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeograafia" title="Biogeograafia – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Biogeograafia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografia" title="Biogeografia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Biogeografia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="جغرافیای زیستی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جغرافیای زیستی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli%C3%B6maantiede" title="Eliömaantiede – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eliömaantiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biog%C3%A9ographie" title="Biogéographie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Biogéographie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bithgheografa%C3%ADocht" title="Bithgheografaíocht – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bithgheografaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioxeograf%C3%ADa" title="Bioxeografía – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bioxeografía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94" title="ביוגאוגרפיה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביוגאוגרפיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="जैव भूगोल – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जैव भूगोल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografija" title="Biogeografija – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biogeografija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeogr%C3%A1fia" title="Biogeográfia – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Biogeográfia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կենսաաշխարհագրություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կենսաաշխարհագրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Biogeografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografio" title="Biogeografio – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Biogeografio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADflandafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Líflandafræði – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Líflandafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografia" title="Biogeografia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Biogeografia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物地理学 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="生物地理学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბიოგეოგრაფია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბიოგეოგრაფია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биогеография – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Биогеография" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%80%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="생물지리학 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생물지리학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биогеография – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Биогеография" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeographia" title="Biogeographia – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Biogeographia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Biogeografie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografija" title="Biogeografija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Biogeografija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio%C4%A3eogr%C4%81fija" title="Bioģeogrāfija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bioģeogrāfija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Биогеографија – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Биогеографија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ജൈവഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജൈവഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Biogeografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Biogeografie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Biogeografie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Biogeografi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Biogeografi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografia" title="Biogeografia – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Biogeografia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografia" title="Biogeografia – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biogeografia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%86%DA%81%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="ژونځمکپوهنه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ژونځمکپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografia" title="Biogeografia – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biogeografia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawsay_allpa_saywachi" title="Kawsay allpa saywachi – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawsay allpa saywachi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biogeografie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биогеография – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Биогеография" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Biogeografie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografija" title="Biogeografija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Biogeografija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%9B%E0%B7%80_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ජෛව භූගෝල විද්‍යාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජෛව භූගෝල විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeography" title="Biogeography – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Biogeography" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografia" title="Biogeografia – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Biogeografia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografija" title="Biogeografija – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Biogeografija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogjeografia" title="Biogjeografia – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Biogjeografia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Биогеографија – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Биогеографија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Biogeografi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="உயிர்ப்புவியியல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிர்ப்புவியியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D2%B7%D1%83%D2%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биоҷуғрофия – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Биоҷуғрофия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ชีวภูมิศาสตร์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชีวภูมิศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyoco%C4%9Frafya" title="Biyocoğrafya – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Biyocoğrafya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біогеографія – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біогеографія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DB%81" title="حیاتیاتی جغرافیہ – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حیاتیاتی جغرافیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografiya" title="Biogeografiya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Biogeografiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba_l%C3%BD_sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Địa lý sinh học – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Địa lý sinh học" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output 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.ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目可参照<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeography" class="extiw" title="en:Biogeography">英語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充。 若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>，译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>，或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-68d2b69a" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IT"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Unit"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="People"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:;zh-cn:;"></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wallace_biogeography.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Wallace_biogeography.jpg/500px-Wallace_biogeography.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Wallace_biogeography.jpg/750px-Wallace_biogeography.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Wallace_biogeography.jpg/1000px-Wallace_biogeography.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%8E%E8%8E%B1%E5%A3%AB" title="阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士">华莱士</a>的《动物的地理分布》卷首插图</figcaption></figure> 生物地理學是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="生物学">生物學</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地理学">地理學</a>間的邊緣學科。研究<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="空间">時間</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="空间">空間</a>上分布的一門學科。即生物群落及其组成成分，它们在地球表面的分布情况及形成原因。生物地理學研究範圍包括：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="动物地理学">動物地理學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="植物地理学">植物地理學</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海洋生物地理学（页面不存在）">海洋生物地理學</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古生物地理学（页面不存在）">古生物地理學</a>。生物的單體還有群體會隨著<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AF%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="緯度">緯度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%8B%94" title="海拔">海拔</a>、隔離以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%B2%E6%81%AF%E5%9C%B0" title="棲息地">棲息地</a>面積地理梯度之轉變而變化生物的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0" title="基因">基因</a><a href="#cite_note-Brown_University-1">[1]</a>。 生物體數量與類型的空間變化知識對每一位而言至關緊要，因為它是早期人類的祖先，人類也可以多樣化的適應，但是在地理環境下還是難以預測。畢竟生物地理學是人類探究要總體化，以及具有團結的力量以及收到來自於<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生態學">生態學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="进化生物学">進化生物學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="地質學">地質學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="自然地理學">自然地理學</a>的相關資訊<a href="#cite_note-Dansereau-2">[2]</a>。 現代生物地理學研究結合了來自更多領域的信息和想法，在全球空間尺度和進化的時間框架中從對於有機體分散之生理或生態的約束力一直到地質或氣候現象的運作。 位於棲息地中生物物種在短期之間的交互作用正描述著生物地理學的生態應用。歷史生物地理學家描述長期生物廣泛的被分類以及長時間依照自己的時間週期不斷的演化<a href="#cite_note-Cox-3">[3]</a>。早期的科學家由卡爾·林奈開始對於生物地理學發展的理論做出了貢獻，18世紀中期開始，歐洲人探索世界，並發現生物多樣性的生機。林奈透過他未被發現的領土開始探索分類生物的方法。 生物地理學家的科學理論也紛紛提出相關系列的作品，包含<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%B4%AA%E5%A0%A1" title="亚历山大·冯·洪堡">亞歷山大·馮·洪堡</a>（1769－1869年）<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%83%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E4%BC%91%E4%BC%8A%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沃森·休伊特（页面不存在）">沃森·休伊特</a>（1804－1881年）<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%BA%B7%E5%A4%9A%E7%88%BE" title="阿方斯·比拉姆·德康多爾">阿方斯·比拉姆·德康多爾</a>（1806－1893年）<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%A0%C2%B7%E8%8F%AF%E8%90%8A%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾弗雷德·羅素·華萊士">阿爾弗雷德·羅素·華萊士</a>（1823－1913年）<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E7%89%B9" title="菲利普·斯克莱特">菲利普·斯克莱特</a>（1829－1913年）和其他生物學家和探險家<a href="#cite_note-Browne-8">[8]</a>。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="发展历史">发展历史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：发展历史">编辑</a>]</div> 從18世纪的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="查尔斯·达尔文">達爾文</a>時代起到20世纪末，生物地理学學的發展共經歷了4個代表時期：<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <ul><li>19世纪后半葉起起源中心和擴散用于解釋生物分布。</li> <li>20世纪 60年代起随着生态学具备了成熟的理论体系，岛屿生物地理学发展起来。</li> <li>20世纪 60-70年代随着板塊構造學說和分支系统學理論的發展，隔離思想出現并促進生物地理學和隔離分化生物地理學的發展後者後来被稱為分支生物地理學</li> <li>20世纪 80年代末在線立體標記應用和溯祖理論的基礎上，系统發生生物地理學（由于中文翻譯的差異，也被稱為譜系地理學或譜系生物地理學），興起并迅速發展。這些時期生物地理學不同領域的發展，前人已有較多的總结。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見">參見</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：參見">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width:25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="动物地理学">動物地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="植物地理學">植物地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海洋生物地理學（页面不存在）">海洋生物地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古生物地理學（页面不存在）">古生物地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%9B%E5%B1%BF%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="岛屿生物地理学">島嶼生物地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="世界動物地理分區">世界動物地理分區</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料">參考資料</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：參考資料">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 25em; -webkit-column-width: 25em; column-width: 25em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Brown_University-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown_University_1-0">^</a> Brown University, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biomed.brown.edu/Courses/BIO48/29.Biogeography.HTML">"Biogeography." </a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20141020041149/http://biomed.brown.edu/Courses/BIO48/29.Biogeography.HTML">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） [2014-02-24] .（英文） </li> <li id="cite_note-Dansereau-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Dansereau_2-0">^</a> Dansereau, Pierre. 1957. Biogeography; an ecological perspective. New York: Ronald Press Co.（英文） </li> <li id="cite_note-Cox-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Cox_3-0">^</a> Cox, C Barry, and Peter Moore. Biogeography : an ecological and evolutionary approach. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publications, 2005.（英文） </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> von Humboldt 1805. Essai sur la geographie des plantes; accompagne d'un tableau physique des régions equinoxiales. Levrault, Paris.（英文） </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Watson H.C. 1847–1859. Cybele Britannica: or British plants and their geographical relations. Longman, London.（英文） </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> de Candolle, Alphonse 1855. Géographie botanique raisonnée &c. Masson, Paris.（英文） </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Wallace A.R. 1876. . The geographical distribution of animals. Macmillan, London.（英文） </li> <li id="cite_note-Browne-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Browne_8-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Browne, Janet. The secular ark: studies in the history of biogeography. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1983. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-300-02460-6" title="Special:网络书源/0-300-02460-6">ISBN 0-300-02460-6</a> （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.btitle=The+secular+ark%3A+studies+in+the+history+of+biogeography&rft.date=1983&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-300-02460-6&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">黄晓磊. 乔格侠. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.sciencenet.cn/upload/blog/file/2010/3/201032415716890940.pdf">生物地理学的新认识及其方法在多样性保护中的应用</a> (PDF). 动物分类学报. 2010, (1). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1000-0739">ISSN 1000-0739</a> （中文（简体））.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&rft.atitle=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B0%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%A8%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B7%E6%80%A7%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8&rft.au=%E9%BB%84%E6%99%93%E7%A3%8A&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1000-0739&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.sciencenet.cn%2Fupload%2Fblog%2Ffile%2F2010%2F3%2F201032415716890940.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="更多閱讀">更多閱讀</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：更多閱讀">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>（英文）Albert, J. S., & R. E. Reis (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520268685">Historical Biogeography of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110630102154/http://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520268685">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. University of California Press, Berkeley. 424 pp.</li> <li>（英文）<cite class="citation journal">Albert, J.S.; Crampton, W.G.R. The geography and ecology of diversification in Neotropical freshwaters. Nature Education. 2010, 1 (10): 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&rft.atitle=The+geography+and+ecology+of+diversification+in+Neotropical+freshwaters&rft.au=Crampton%2C+W.G.R.&rft.aufirst=J.S.&rft.aulast=Albert&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=10&rft.jtitle=Nature+Education&rft.pages=3&rft.volume=1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li>（英文）<cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_MacArthur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert MacArthur（页面不存在）">MacArthur, Robert H.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/geographicalecol0000maca">Geographic Ecology</a>. New York: Harper & Row. 1972.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rft.aulast=MacArthur&rft.btitle=Geographic+Ecology&rft.date=1972&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeographicalecol0000maca&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li>（英文）<cite class="citation book">McCarthy, Dennis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/herebedragonshow0000mcca">Here be dragons : how the study of animal and plant distributions revolutionized our views of life and Earth</a>. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. 2009. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-954246-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-19-954246-8">ISBN 978-0-19-954246-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.btitle=Here+be+dragons+%3A+how+the+study+of+animal+and+plant+distributions+revolutionized+our+views+of+life+and+Earth&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954246-8&rft.place=Oxford+%26+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fherebedragonshow0000mcca&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結">外部連結</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：外部連結">编辑</a>]</div> <style 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Biogeography" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Biogeography">生物地理学</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li>（英文）<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biogeography.org/">International Biogeography Society</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210423135512/http://www.biogeography.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li>（英文）<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205035334/http://www.seba.uac.pt/">Systematic & Evolutionary Biogeographical Society</a></li> <li>（英文）<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/biogeog/">Early Classics in Biogeography, Distribution, and Diversity Studies: To 1950</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090624195138/http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/biogeog/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li>（英文）<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/biogeog/index2.htm">Early Classics in Biogeography, Distribution, and Diversity Studies: 1951-1975</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090812223241/http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/biogeog/index2.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li>（英文）<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wku.edu/%7Esmithch/chronob/homelist.htm">Some Biogeographers, Evolutionists and Ecologists: Chrono-Biographical Sketches</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20091026230650/http://www.wku.edu/%7Esmithch/chronob/homelist.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="主要期刊">主要期刊</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：主要期刊">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>（英文）<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0305-0270">Journal of Biogeography homepage</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20041215091935/http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0305-0270">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</li> <li>（英文）<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1466-822X&site=1">Global Ecology and Biogeography homepage</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120728121557/http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1466-822X&site=1">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</li> <li>（英文）<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/eco">Ecography homepage</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe 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id="相關條目-&#123;zh-cn:链接;_zh-hant:連結;&#125;-" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">相關條目連結</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-size:114%;"><div style="padding:0px;"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="生物群系和生物地理分布区（生物地理学）" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#f0f0f0;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Biome" title="Template:Biome"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Biome" title="Template talk:Biome"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Biome" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Biome"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="生物群系和生物地理分布区（生物地理学）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%BE%A4%E7%B3%BB" title="生物群系">生物群系</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%8C%BA" title="生物地理分布区">生物地理分布区</a>（<a class="mw-selflink selflink">生物地理学</a>）</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0f0f0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%BE%A4%E7%B3%BB" title="生物群系">生物群系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#329B32;">陸地生物群系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90A010;">極地/山地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%8D%E5%8E%9F" title="凍原">凍原</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%91%89%E6%9E%97" title="北方針葉林">北方針葉林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F%E5%92%8C%E7%81%8C%E4%B8%9B" title="山地草原和灌丛">山地草原和灌丛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightgreen;">溫帶</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E9%92%88%E5%8F%B6%E6%9E%97" title="温带针叶林">温带针叶林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E9%98%94%E5%8F%B6%E6%B7%B7%E4%BA%A4%E6%9E%97" title="温带阔叶混交林">温带阔叶混交林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B8%B6%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%9E%97" title="溫帶落葉林">溫帶落葉林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F%E3%80%81%E7%A8%80%E6%A0%91%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F%E5%92%8C%E7%96%8F%E7%81%8C%E4%B8%9B" title="温带草原、稀树草原和疏灌丛">温带草原、稀树草原和疏灌丛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#20A010;">熱帶</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E5%92%8C%E4%BA%9E%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E9%87%9D%E8%91%89%E6%9E%97" title="熱帶和亞熱帶針葉林">熱帶和亞熱帶針葉林</a></li> <li>热带亚热带<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%BB%BF%E9%98%94%E5%8F%B6%E6%9E%97" title="常绿阔叶林">常绿阔叶林</a></li> <li>热带亚热带<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B1%E7%94%9F%E9%98%94%E5%8F%B6%E6%9E%97" title="旱生阔叶林">旱生阔叶林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E4%BA%9E%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E3%80%81%E7%A8%80%E6%A8%B9%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F%E5%92%8C%E7%96%8F%E7%81%8C%E5%8F%A2" title="熱帶亞熱帶草地、稀樹草原和疏灌叢">熱帶亞熱帶草地、稀樹草原和疏灌叢</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFDC60;">乾燥</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E3%80%81%E7%96%8F%E6%9E%97%E5%92%8C%E7%81%8C%E5%8F%A2" title="地中海森林、疏林和灌叢">地中海森林、疏林和灌叢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%92%E6%BC%A0%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B2%E7%87%A5%E7%96%8F%E7%81%8C%E4%B8%9B" title="荒漠和干燥疏灌丛">荒漠和干燥疏灌丛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:mediumseagreen;">潮濕</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%BE%E6%BF%AB%E8%8D%89%E7%94%B8%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%BE%E6%BF%AB%E7%A8%80%E6%9E%97" title="氾濫草甸和氾濫稀林">氾濫草甸和氾濫稀林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%B2%B8%E5%B8%A6" title="河岸带">河岸带</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0" title="湿地">湿地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E6%A0%91%E6%9E%97" title="红树林">红树林</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#55AAFF;">水生生物群系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A0%E5%A1%98" title="池塘">池塘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8%E5%B8%A6" title="沿岸带">沿岸带</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E9%96%93%E5%B8%B6" title="潮間帶">潮間帶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E6%A0%91%E6%9E%97" title="红树林">红树林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%97%BB%E6%9E%97" title="海藻林">海藻林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8A%E7%91%9A%E7%A4%81" title="珊瑚礁">珊瑚礁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%85%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%A6" title="浅海带">浅海带</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A0%E6%B4%8B%E5%B8%B6" title="遠洋帶">遠洋帶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%95%8C" title="海底生物界">海底生物界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E7%86%B1%E6%B3%89" title="海底熱泉">海底熱泉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%B3%89" title="冷泉">冷泉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E5%B1%82%E5%8C%BA" title="底层区">底层区</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:silver;">其他生物群系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A9%E7%94%9F%E5%B8%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岩生带（页面不存在）">岩生带</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endolith" class="extiw" title="en:Endolith">Endolith</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0f0f0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%8C%BA" title="生物地理分布区">生物地理分布区</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#329B32;">陸地分佈區</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E7%95%8C" title="舊熱帶界">舊熱帶界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E7%95%8C" title="南极界">南极界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%96%B0%E7%95%8C" title="澳新界">澳新界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B4%8B%E7%95%8C" title="东洋界">东洋界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8C%97%E7%95%8C" title="新北界">新北界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E7%95%8C" title="新热带界">新热带界</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E7%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大洋界（页面不存在）">大洋界</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanian_realm" class="extiw" title="en:Oceanian realm">Oceanian realm</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%8C%97%E7%95%8C" title="古北界">古北界</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#55AAFF;">海洋分佈區</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E7%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北极界（页面不存在）">北极界</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_realm" class="extiw" title="en:Arctic realm">Arctic realm</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B-%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度洋-太平洋中部（页面不存在）">印度洋-太平洋中部</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Indo-Pacific" class="extiw" title="en:Central Indo-Pacific">Central Indo-Pacific</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B-%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%9D%B1%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度洋-太平洋東部（页面不存在）">印度洋-太平洋東部</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Indo-Pacific" class="extiw" title="en:Eastern Indo-Pacific">Eastern Indo-Pacific</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="南冰洋">南冰洋</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳大拉西亚温带（页面不存在）">澳大拉西亚温带</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_Australasia" class="extiw" title="en:Temperate Australasia">Temperate Australasia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北大西洋温带（页面不存在）">北大西洋温带</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_Northern_Atlantic" class="extiw" title="en:Temperate Northern Atlantic">Temperate Northern Atlantic</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北太平洋温带（页面不存在）">北太平洋温带</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_Northern_Pacific" class="extiw" title="en:Temperate Northern Pacific">Temperate Northern Pacific</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南美温带（页面不存在）">南美温带</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_South_America" class="extiw" title="en:Temperate South America">Temperate South America</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非洲南部温带（页面不存在）">非洲南部温带</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_Southern_Africa" class="extiw" title="en:Temperate Southern Africa">Temperate Southern Africa</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大西洋热带（页面不存在）">大西洋热带</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_Atlantic" class="extiw" title="en:Tropical Atlantic">Tropical Atlantic</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东太平洋热带（页面不存在）">东太平洋热带</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_Eastern_Pacific" class="extiw" title="en:Tropical Eastern Pacific">Tropical Eastern Pacific</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B-%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度洋-太平洋西部（页面不存在）">印度洋-太平洋西部</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Indo-Pacific" class="extiw" title="en:Western Indo-Pacific">Western Indo-Pacific</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">細分</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物地理区列表（页面不存在）">生物地理区列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_biogeographic_provinces" class="extiw" title="en:List of biogeographic provinces">List of biogeographic provinces</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物区（页面不存在）">生物区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioregion" class="extiw" title="en:Bioregion">Bioregion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F" title="生態區域">生態區域</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="生態區域列表">生態區域列表</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83200&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球200（页面不存在）">「全球200」生態區域</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_200" class="extiw" title="en:Global 200">Global 200</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0f0f0;;width:1%">另見</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生态分类（页面不存在）">生态分类</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_classification" class="extiw" title="en:Ecological classification">Ecological classification</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%9B%B8" title="植物相">植物区系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E8%A2%AB" title="植被">植被</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="动物地理学">动物地理学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="-&#123;A&#124;zh-cn:生态系统;zh-tw:生態系;zh-hk:生態系統&#125;-模型" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:模型化生态系统"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template talk:模型化生态系统"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:模型化生态系统"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="-&#123;A&#124;zh-cn:生态系统;zh-tw:生態系;zh-hk:生態系統&#125;-模型" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="生态系统">生态系统</a>模型</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="营养組成" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E7%B4%9A" title="營養級">营养</a>組成</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:9.2em;">总论</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="非生物因子">非生物因子</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非生物压力（页面不存在）">非生物压力</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiotic_stress" class="extiw" title="en:Abiotic stress">Abiotic stress</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="行为生态学">行为生态学</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="生物地球化学循环">生物地球化学循环</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%87%8F" title="生物量">生物量</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="生物因子">生物因子</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物压力（页面不存在）">生物压力</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotic_stress" class="extiw" title="en:Biotic stress">Biotic stress</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%89%BF%E8%BD%BD%E5%8A%9B" title="环境承载力">环境承载力</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%9E%E4%BA%89_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)" title="竞争 (生物学)">竞争</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="生态系统">生态系统</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生态系统生态学（页面不存在）">生态系统生态学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_ecology" class="extiw" title="en:Ecosystem ecology">Ecosystem ecology</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態系統模型（页面不存在）">生態系統模型</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_model" class="extiw" title="en:Ecosystem model">Ecosystem model</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E7%A7%8D" title="关键种">关键物种</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%84%E9%A3%9F%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摄食行为列表（页面不存在）">摄食行为列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_feeding_behaviours" class="extiw" title="en:List of feeding behaviours">List of feeding behaviours</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生态学代谢学说（页面不存在）">生态学代谢学说</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_theory_of_ecology" class="extiw" title="en:Metabolic theory of ecology">Metabolic theory of ecology</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E5%8A%9B" title="生态生产力">生态生产力</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:FoodWeb_zh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/FoodWeb_zh.jpg/140px-FoodWeb_zh.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/FoodWeb_zh.jpg/210px-FoodWeb_zh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/FoodWeb_zh.jpg/280px-FoodWeb_zh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1388" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:9.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%85%BB%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="自养生物">生产者</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%85%BB%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="自养生物">自养生物</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E8%83%BD%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="化能合成">化能合成</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E8%83%BD%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="化能生物">化能生物</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基础物种（页面不存在）">基础物种</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_species" class="extiw" title="en:Foundation species">Foundation species</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="混合營養生物">混合营养生物</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixotroph" class="extiw" title="en:Mixotroph">Mixotroph</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%8C%E7%95%B0%E7%87%9F" title="菌異營">菌異營</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%8C%E6%A0%B9%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="菌根营养生物（页面不存在）">菌根营养生物</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycotroph" class="extiw" title="en:Mycotroph">Mycotroph</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机营养生物（页面不存在）">有机营养生物</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organotroph" class="extiw" title="en:Organotroph">Organotroph</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%89%E8%83%BD%E5%BC%82%E5%85%BB%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="光能异养生物（页面不存在）">光能异养生物</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoheterotroph" class="extiw" title="en:Photoheterotroph">Photoheterotroph</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光合作用">光合作用</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E6%95%88%E7%8E%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="光合效率（页面不存在）">光合效率</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthetic_efficiency" class="extiw" title="en:Photosynthetic efficiency">Photosynthetic efficiency</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%85%BB%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="光养生物">光养生物</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B" title="基本營養類型">基本營養類型</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E7%BA%A7%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7" title="初级生产">初级生产</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:9.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E8%80%85_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" title="消费者 (生物)">消费者</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E6%8E%A0%E9%A3%9F%E8%80%85" title="顶级掠食者">顶级掠食者</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9F%E7%BB%86%E8%8F%8C%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="食细菌生物（页面不存在）">食细菌生物</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterivore" class="extiw" title="en:Bacterivore">Bacterivore</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E9%A3%9F%E6%80%A7%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="肉食性動物">食肉动物</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B" title="基本營養類型">化能有机营养生物</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%85%E9%A3%9F" title="觅食">觅食</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E5%8C%96%E7%A7%8D%E4%B8%8E%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%96%E7%A7%8D" title="泛化种与特化种">泛化种与特化种</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E5%86%85%E6%8D%95%E9%A3%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="集团内捕食（页面不存在）">集团内捕食</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraguild_predation" class="extiw" title="en:Intraguild predation">Intraguild predation</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E9%A3%9F%E6%80%A7%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="植食性动物">食草动物</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E7%87%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="異營生物">異營生物</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E5%85%BB%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异养营养（页面不存在）">异养营养</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotrophic_nutrition" class="extiw" title="en:Heterotrophic nutrition">Heterotrophic nutrition</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%99%AB%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="食虫动物">食蟲動物</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E6%8D%95%E9%A3%9F%E8%80%85%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中间捕食者释放假说（页面不存在）">中间捕食者释放假说</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopredator_release_hypothesis" class="extiw" title="en:Mesopredator release hypothesis">Mesopredator release hypothesis</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9C%E9%A3%9F%E6%80%A7%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="雜食性動物">雜食動物</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%80%E4%BC%98%E8%A7%85%E9%A3%9F%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="最优觅食理论（页面不存在）">最优觅食理论</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_foraging_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Optimal foraging theory">Optimal foraging theory</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E9%A3%9F" title="捕食">捕食</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8C%8E%E7%89%A9%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="猎物转换（页面不存在）">猎物转换</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prey_switching" class="extiw" title="en:Prey switching">Prey switching</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:9.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3%E8%80%85" title="分解者">分解者</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B" title="基本營養類型">化能有机营养生物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="分解作用">分解作用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%90%E7%94%9F%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="腐生营养">腐生营养</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E7%A2%8E%E5%B1%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有機碎屑（页面不存在）">有機碎屑</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritus" class="extiw" title="en:Detritus">Detritus</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:9.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9#生境与生态学" title="微生物">微生物</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8F%8C" title="古菌">古菌</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%99%AC%E8%8F%8C%E4%BD%93" title="噬菌体">噬菌体</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="微生物生態學">微生物生態學</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3%E8%87%AA%E5%85%BB%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="岩石自养生物">岩石自养生物</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E6%9C%BA%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无机营养生物（页面不存在）">无机营养生物</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithotrophy" class="extiw" title="en:Lithotrophy">Lithotrophy</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微生物合作（页面不存在）">微生物合作</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_cooperation" class="extiw" title="en:Microbial cooperation">Microbial cooperation</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%BD%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微食物网（页面不存在）">微食物网</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_food_web" class="extiw" title="en:Microbial food web">Microbial food web</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微生物智能（页面不存在）">微生物智能</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_intelligence" class="extiw" title="en:Microbial intelligence">Microbial intelligence</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%8E%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微食物环（页面不存在）">微食物环</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_loop" class="extiw" title="en:Microbial loop">Microbial loop</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%B8%AD" title="微生物席">微生物席</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微生物代谢（页面不存在）">微生物代谢</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_metabolism" class="extiw" title="en:Microbial metabolism">Microbial metabolism</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%99%AC%E8%8F%8C%E4%BD%93%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="噬菌体生态学（页面不存在）">噬菌体生态学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phage_ecology" class="extiw" title="en:Phage ecology">Phage ecology</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:9.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B6%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="食物網">食物網</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%94%BE%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="生物放大作用">生物放大作用</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E6%95%88%E7%8E%87" title="生態效率">生態效率</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%A1%94" title="生態塔">生態塔</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E6%B5%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態能量流（页面不存在）">能量流</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_flow_(ecology)" class="extiw" title="en:Energy flow (ecology)">Energy flow (ecology)</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%8F%88" title="食物鏈">食物鏈</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E7%B4%9A" title="營養級">營養級</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:9.2em;">食物網例子</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%B3%89" title="冷泉">冷泉</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E7%86%B1%E6%B3%89#生物" title="海底熱泉">海底熱泉</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E9%96%93%E5%B8%B6%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="潮間帶生態學（页面不存在）">潮間帶</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_ecology" class="extiw" title="en:Intertidal ecology">Intertidal ecology</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%97%BB%E6%9E%97#生態" title="海藻林">海藻林</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="湖泊生態系統（页面不存在）">湖泊</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E5%89%AF%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E7%92%B0%E6%B5%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北太平洋副熱帶環流（页面不存在）">北太平洋副熱帶環流</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河流生態系統（页面不存在）">河流</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%8A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E6%B2%B3%E5%8F%A3%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="舊金山河口生態系統（页面不存在）">舊金山河口生態系統</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology_of_the_San_Francisco_Estuary" class="extiw" title="en:Ecology of the San Francisco Estuary">Ecology of the San Francisco Estuary</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B6%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤食物網（页面不存在）">土壤食物網</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_food_web" class="extiw" title="en:Soil food web">Soil food web</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%BD%AE%E6%B0%B4%E5%9D%91" class="mw-redirect" title="海潮水坑">海潮水坑</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:9.2em;">過程</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ascendency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ascendency（页面不存在）">Ascendency</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B4%AF%E7%A9%8D" title="生物累積">生物累積</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B6%E6%9E%81%E7%BE%A4%E8%90%BD" title="顶极群落">顶极群落</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%9E%E4%BA%89%E6%8E%92%E9%99%A4%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99" title="竞争排除原则">竞争排除原则</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumer-resource_systems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consumer-resource systems（页面不存在）">Consumer-resource systems</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Copiotroph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copiotroph（页面不存在）">Copiotroph</a>s · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態網絡（页面不存在）">生態網絡</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_network" class="extiw" title="en:Ecological network">Ecological network</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E6%9B%BF" title="演替">演替</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="能質">能質</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能量系統語言（页面不存在）">能量系統語言</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_Systems_Language" class="extiw" title="en:Energy Systems Language">Energy Systems Language</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=F-ratio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F-ratio（页面不存在）">f-ratio</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%BC%E6%96%99%E8%BD%89%E5%8C%96%E7%8E%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="飼料轉化率（页面不存在）">飼料轉化率</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed_conversion_ratio" class="extiw" title="en:Feed conversion ratio">Feed conversion ratio</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%96%AF%E7%8B%82%E6%8D%95%E9%A3%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="疯狂捕食（页面不存在）">疯狂捕食</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feeding_frenzy" class="extiw" title="en:Feeding frenzy">Feeding frenzy</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesotrophic_soil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesotrophic soil（页面不存在）">Mesotrophic soil</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A4%8A%E5%88%86%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="養分循環（页面不存在）">養分循環</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrient_cycle" class="extiw" title="en:Nutrient cycle">Nutrient cycle</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oligotroph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oligotroph（页面不存在）">Oligotroph</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E6%B8%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%82%96%E8%AB%96" title="浮游生物悖論">浮游生物悖論</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E7%BA%A7%E8%81%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="营养级联（页面不存在）">营养级联</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophic_cascade" class="extiw" title="en:Trophic cascade">Trophic cascade</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E4%BA%92%E5%88%A9%E5%85%B1%E7%94%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="营养互利共生（页面不存在）">营养互利共生</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophic_mutualism" class="extiw" title="en:Trophic mutualism">Trophic mutualism</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="营养状态指数（页面不存在）">营养状态指数</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophic_state_index" class="extiw" title="en:Trophic state index">Trophic state index</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:9.2em;">防衞/對抗</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E8%89%B2%E5%BD%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="動物色彩（页面不存在）">動物色彩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_coloration" class="extiw" title="en:Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%8D%95%E9%A3%9F%E8%80%85%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94" title="反捕食者适应">反捕食者適應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%BD%E8%A3%9D" class="mw-disambig" title="偽裝">偽裝</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AF%B9%E9%A3%9F%E8%8D%89%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E9%98%B2%E5%BE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物对食草动物的防御（页面不存在）">植物对食草动物的防御</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_defense_against_herbivory" class="extiw" title="en:Plant defense against herbivory">Plant defense against herbivory</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9F%E6%80%81" title="拟态">拟态</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoaling_and_schooling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shoaling and schooling（页面不存在）">Predator avoidance in schooling fish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="其他組成" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">其他組成</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:9.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E7%BE%A4%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="种群生态学">种群生態學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%BA%A6" title="多度">多度</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%88%A9%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="阿利效应">阿利效應</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%86%E8%A3%9C%E5%84%9F%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="逆補償作用（页面不存在）">逆補償作用</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depensation" class="extiw" title="en:Depensation">Depensation</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E6%94%B6%E7%9B%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態收益（页面不存在）">生態收益</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_yield" class="extiw" title="en:Ecological yield">Ecological yield</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%95%88%E7%A8%AE%E7%BE%A4%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F" title="有效種群大小">有效種群大小</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E5%85%A7%E7%AB%B6%E7%88%AD" title="種內競爭">種內競爭</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E6%96%AF%E8%B0%9B%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="逻辑斯谛函数">逻辑斯谛函数</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="馬爾薩斯模型">馬爾薩斯模型</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E7%94%A2%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="最大持續產量（页面不存在）">最大持續產量</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_sustainable_yield" class="extiw" title="en:Maximum sustainable yield">Maximum sustainable yield</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%80%8B%E9%AB%94%E6%95%B8%E9%81%8E%E5%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="野生動物個體數過剩（页面不存在）">野生動物個體數過剩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overpopulation_in_wild_animals" class="extiw" title="en:Overpopulation in wild animals">Overpopulation in wild animals</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E5%BA%A6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC" title="過度開發">過度開發</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%AE%E7%BE%A4%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="種群週期（页面不存在）">種群週期</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_cycle" class="extiw" title="en:Population cycle">Population cycle</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%AE%E7%BE%A4%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="種群動態（页面不存在）">種群動態</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_dynamics" class="extiw" title="en:Population dynamics">Population dynamics</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%AE%E7%BE%A4%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="種群模型（页面不存在）">種群模型</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_model" class="extiw" title="en:Population model">Population model</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%AE%E7%BE%A4%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="種群大小（页面不存在）">種群大小</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_size" class="extiw" title="en:Population size">Population size</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%A9%A9%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7" title="生態穩定性">生態穩定性</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A2%E5%BE%A9%E5%8A%9B%E7%A9%A9%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7" title="恢復力穩定性">恢復力穩定性</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E5%8A%9B%E7%A9%A9%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7" title="抵抗力穩定性">抵抗力穩定性</a>）</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Genomics_GTL_Program_Payoffs_zh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Genomics_GTL_Program_Payoffs_zh.jpg/140px-Genomics_GTL_Program_Payoffs_zh.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Genomics_GTL_Program_Payoffs_zh.jpg/210px-Genomics_GTL_Program_Payoffs_zh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Genomics_GTL_Program_Payoffs_zh.jpg/280px-Genomics_GTL_Program_Payoffs_zh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="563" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:9.2em;">物種</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7" title="生物多樣性">生物多樣性</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%B6%E7%BA%A6" title="密度制约">密度制約</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物種多樣性的生態學影響（页面不存在）">物種多樣性的生態學影響</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_effects_of_biodiversity" class="extiw" title="en:Ecological effects of biodiversity">Ecological effects of biodiversity</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態滅絕（页面不存在）">生態滅絕</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_extinction" class="extiw" title="en:Ecological extinction">Ecological extinction</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%89%E7%A8%AE" title="特有種">特有種</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%97%E8%88%B0%E7%A7%8D" title="旗舰种">旗艦種</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%AF%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梯度分析（页面不存在）">梯度分析</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient_analysis" class="extiw" title="en:Gradient analysis">Gradient analysis</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8C%87%E6%A8%99" title="生物指標">生物指標</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BE%86%E7%A8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="外來種">外來種</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="入侵物种">入侵物种</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7%E8%88%87%E7%B7%AF%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物種多樣性與緯度（页面不存在）">物種多樣性與緯度</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latitudinal_gradients_in_species_diversity" class="extiw" title="en:Latitudinal gradients in species diversity">Latitudinal gradients in species diversity</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%8F%E5%8F%AF%E5%AD%98%E6%B4%BB%E7%A7%8D%E7%BE%A4" title="最小可存活种群">最小可存活种群</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="中性理論">中性理論</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%AE%E7%BE%A4%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%98%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="種群生存力分析（页面不存在）">種群生存力分析</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_viability_analysis" class="extiw" title="en:Population viability analysis">Population viability analysis</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%98%E5%85%88%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="优先效应">優先效應</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%A2%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉波波特法則（页面不存在）">拉波波特法則</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapoport%27s_rule" class="extiw" title="en:Rapoport's rule">Rapoport's rule</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B7%E6%80%A7" title="物种多样性">物种多样性</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%90%8C%E8%B4%A8%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物种同质性（页面不存在）">物种同质性</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species_homogeneity" class="extiw" title="en:Species homogeneity">Species homogeneity</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B7%E6%80%A7" title="物种多样性">物種豐富度</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83" title="物种分布">物种分布</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E9%9D%A2%E7%A9%8D%E6%9B%B2%E7%B7%9A" title="物種面積曲線">物種面積曲線</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9E%E6%8A%A4%E7%A7%8D" title="伞护种">傘護種</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:9.2em;">種間關係</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="抗生（页面不存在）">抗生</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiosis" class="extiw" title="en:Antibiosis">Antibiosis</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E9%96%93%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" class="mw-redirect" title="種間關係">種間關係</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E5%88%A9%E5%85%B1%E7%94%9F" title="偏利共生">偏利共生</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E8%90%BD" title="群落">群落</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%9E%E4%BA%89" title="种间竞争">种间竞争</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E5%88%A9%E5%85%B1%E7%94%9F" title="互利共生">互利共生</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%98%E5%84%B2%E6%95%88%E6%87%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="存儲效應（页面不存在）">存儲效應</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_effect" class="extiw" title="en:Storage effect">Storage effect</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%87%E5%AE%B3%E5%85%B1%E7%94%9F" title="片害共生">偏害共生</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:9.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="空間生態學（页面不存在）">空間生態學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_ecology" class="extiw" title="en:Spatial ecology">Spatial ecology</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">生物地理学</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross-boundary_subsidy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross-boundary subsidy（页面不存在）">Cross-boundary subsidy</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E6%A2%AF%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生态梯度（页面不存在）">生态梯度</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cline_(biology)" class="extiw" title="en:Cline (biology)">Cline (biology)</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E5%B8%A6" title="生态过渡带">生态过渡带</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%9E%8B" title="生态型">生态型</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E6%89%B0_(%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6)" title="干扰 (生态学)">干扰</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E7%BC%98%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="边缘效应">邊緣效應</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B3%95%E5%88%99" title="福斯特法则">福斯特法則</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%A2%83%E7%A0%B4%E7%A2%8E%E5%8C%96" title="生境破碎化">生境破碎化</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%83%B3%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%88%86%E4%BD%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="理想自由分佈（页面不存在）">理想自由分佈</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_free_distribution" class="extiw" title="en:Ideal free distribution">Ideal free distribution</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BA%A6%E5%B9%B2%E6%89%B0%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4" title="中度干扰假说">中度干扰假说</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%9B%E5%B1%BF%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="岛屿生物地理学">岛屿生物地理学</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%82%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="景观生态学">景观生態學</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%99%AF%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%97%85%E5%AD%B8" title="地景流行病學">景观流行病學</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%99%AF%E6%B9%96%E6%B2%BC%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地景湖沼學（页面不存在）">景观湖沼學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_limnology" class="extiw" title="en:Landscape limnology">Landscape limnology</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E7%A7%8D%E7%BE%A4" title="集合种群">集合种群</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%91%E5%9D%97%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斑块动态（页面不存在）">斑块动态</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch_dynamics" class="extiw" title="en:Patch dynamics">Patch dynamics</a>） · <a href="/wiki/R/K%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="R/K选择理论">r/K選擇理論</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%90-%E6%B1%87%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81" title="源-汇动态">源-汇动态</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:9.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E4%BD%8D" title="生态位">生态位</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E4%BD%8D" title="生态位">生态位</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E9%99%B7%E9%98%B1" title="生态陷阱">生态陷阱</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態系統工程師（页面不存在）">生態系統工程師</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_engineer" class="extiw" title="en:Ecosystem engineer">Ecosystem engineer</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BB%BA%E6%A8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物种分布建模（页面不存在）">物种分布建模</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_niche_modelling" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental niche modelling">Environmental niche modelling</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B1%E4%BD%8D%E7%BE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="共位群（页面不存在）">共位群</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guild_(ecology)" class="extiw" title="en:Guild (ecology)">Guild (ecology)</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%B2%E6%81%AF%E5%9C%B0" title="棲息地">動物棲地</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E6%A3%B2%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海洋動物棲地（页面不存在）">海洋動物棲地</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_habitats" class="extiw" title="en:Marine habitats">Marine habitats</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%B5%E9%99%90%E7%9B%B8%E4%BC%BC%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="極限相似性（页面不存在）">極限相似性</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limiting_similarity" class="extiw" title="en:Limiting similarity">Limiting similarity</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生态位分配模型（页面不存在）">生态位分配模型</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niche_apportionment_models" class="extiw" title="en:Niche apportionment models">Niche apportionment models</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E6%A3%B2%E4%BD%8D%E6%A7%8B%E5%BB%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態棲位構建（页面不存在）">生態棲位構建</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niche_construction" class="extiw" title="en:Niche construction">Niche construction</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E6%A3%B2%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%86%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態棲位分化（页面不存在）">生態棲位分化</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niche_differentiation" class="extiw" title="en:Niche differentiation">Niche differentiation</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:9.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%94%9D%E9%A3%9F%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非攝食網路（页面不存在）">非攝食網絡</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-trophic_networks" class="extiw" title="en:Non-trophic networks">Non-trophic networks</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%84%E9%85%8D%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="组配规则（页面不存在）">组配规则</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_rules" class="extiw" title="en:Assembly rules">Assembly rules</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E7%89%B9%E6%9B%BC%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="贝特曼原理">貝特曼原理</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%91%E5%85%89" title="生物发光">生物發光</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%B4%A9%E6%BD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態崩潰（页面不存在）">生態崩潰</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_collapse" class="extiw" title="en:Ecological collapse">Ecological collapse</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E8%B2%A0%E5%82%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態負債（页面不存在）">生態負債</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_debt" class="extiw" title="en:Ecological debt">Ecological debt</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E8%B5%A4%E5%AD%97" title="生態赤字">生態赤字</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態能量學（页面不存在）">生態能量學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_energetics" class="extiw" title="en:Ecological energetics">Ecological energetics</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E6%8C%87%E7%A4%BA%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態指示生物（页面不存在）">生態指示生物</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_indicator" class="extiw" title="en:Ecological indicator">Ecological indicator</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E9%98%88%E5%80%BC" title="生态阈值">生态阈值</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B7%E6%80%A7" title="生态多样性">生態系統多樣性</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%8C%E7%8E%B0" title="涌现">涌现</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95%E5%82%B5%E5%8B%99" title="滅絕債務">滅絕債務</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E4%BC%AF%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="克莱伯定律">克萊伯定律</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%AF%94%E5%B8%8C%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%8E%E9%87%8F%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="李比希最低量定律">李比希最低量定律</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%A8%E7%95%8C%E5%80%BC%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="臨界值法則（页面不存在）">臨界值法則</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_value_theorem" class="extiw" title="en:Marginal value theorem">Marginal value theorem</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E6%A3%AE%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托森法則（页面不存在）">托森法則</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorson%27s_rule" class="extiw" title="en:Thorson's rule">Thorson's rule</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%B1%E7%94%9F%E6%BC%94%E6%9B%BF%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旱生演替系列（页面不存在）">旱生演替系列</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerosere" class="extiw" title="en:Xerosere">Xerosere</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:9.2em;">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E9%80%9F%E7%94%9F%E9%95%BF" title="异速生长">异速生长</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E7%A8%B3%E6%80%81_(%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多稳态 (生态学)（页面不存在）">多稳态</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_stable_state" class="extiw" title="en:Alternative stable state">Alternative stable state</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1" title="生态平衡">生態平衡</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物資訊視覺化（页面不存在）">生物信息可视化</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_data_visualization" class="extiw" title="en:Biological data visualization">Biological data visualization</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="構造理論（页面不存在）">構造理論</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructal_law" class="extiw" title="en:Constructal law">Constructal law</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%B8%E8%AE%8A%E7%BE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="漸變群（页面不存在）">漸變群</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cline_(biology)" class="extiw" title="en:Cline (biology)">Cline (biology)</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="生態經濟學">生態經濟學</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E8%B6%B3%E8%B7%A1" title="生態足跡">生態足跡</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E9%A0%90%E6%B8%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態預測（页面不存在）">生態預測</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_forecasting" class="extiw" title="en:Ecological forecasting">Ecological forecasting</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態人文學（页面不存在）">生態人文學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_humanities" class="extiw" title="en:Ecological humanities">Ecological humanities</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E8%AE%A1%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生态化学计量学（页面不存在）">生态化学计量学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_stoichiometry" class="extiw" title="en:Ecological stoichiometry">Ecological stoichiometry</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生态通道（页面不存在）">生态通道</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecopath" class="extiw" title="en:Ecopath">Ecopath</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecosystem_based_fisheries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecosystem based fisheries（页面不存在）">Ecosystem based fisheries</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%93%E7%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="髓石（页面不存在）">髓石</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endolith" class="extiw" title="en:Endolith">Endolith</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="演化生態學">演化生態學</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="功能生態學（页面不存在）">功能生態學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_ecology" class="extiw" title="en:Functional ecology">Functional ecology</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="工業生態學">工業生態學</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%8F%E8%A7%80%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宏觀生態學（页面不存在）">宏生態學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroecology" class="extiw" title="en:Macroecology">Macroecology</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微生態系統（页面不存在）">微生態系統</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microecosystem" class="extiw" title="en:Microecosystem">Microecosystem</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83" class="mw-redirect" title="自然環境">自然環境</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="系統生態學（页面不存在）">系統生態學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_ecology" class="extiw" title="en:Systems ecology">Systems ecology</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="理論生態學">理論生態學</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="自然地理學主要子域" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#00CC66; color:white;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C" title="Template:自然地理學主題"><abbr title="查看该模板" style="color:white">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:自然地理學主題（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板" style="color:white">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:自然地理學主題"><abbr title="编辑该模板" style="color:white">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="自然地理學主要子域" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="自然地理學">自然地理學</a>主要子域</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">生物地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6" title="气候学">气候学</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%AD%B8" title="古氣候學">古氣候學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%BF%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沿海地理學（页面不存在）">沿海地理學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_geography" class="extiw" title="en:Coastal geography">Coastal geography</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤学">土壤生態學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="地形學">地形學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E5%AD%A6" title="冰川学">冰河學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="水文学">水文学</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="水文地理学">水文地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%82%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="景观生态学">景观生态学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B2%BC%E5%AD%B8" title="湖沼學">湖沼學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="海洋学">海洋学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="古地理学">古地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤学">土壤学</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="土壤科學">土壤科學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%B4%80%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第四紀地質學（页面不存在）">第四紀地質學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary_Geology" class="extiw" title="en:Quaternary Geology">Quaternary Geology</a>）</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg/110px-Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg/165px-Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg/220px-Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8192" data-file-height="4096" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="生命科學和生物学的主要子域" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E9%A1%B5%E8%84%9A" title="Template:生物学页脚"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E9%A1%B5%E8%84%9A" title="Template talk:生物学页脚"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E9%A1%B5%E8%84%9A" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:生物学页脚"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="生命科學和生物学的主要子域" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="生命科學">生命科學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="生物学">生物学</a>的主要子域</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6" title="解剖学">解剖学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="天體生物學">天體生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物化学">生物化学</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">生物地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物力学">生物力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物物理学">生物物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="生物信息学">生物信息学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="生物统计学">生物统计学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="植物学">植物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="细胞生物学">细胞生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="细胞微生物学（页面不存在）">细胞微生物学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_microbiology" class="extiw" title="en:Cellular microbiology">Cellular microbiology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="化學生物學">化學生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="時間生物學">時間生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="保护生物学">保护生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="发育生物学">发育生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学">生态学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%97%85%E5%AD%A6" title="流行病学">流行病学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A7%82%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="表观遗传学">表观遗传学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="演化生物学">演化生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6" title="遗传学">遗传学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%BB%84%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="基因组学">基因组学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%AD%A6" title="组织学">组织学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="人类生物学">人类生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E5%AD%A6" title="免疫学">免疫学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="地球生物学">地球生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="海洋生物学">海洋生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="生物数学">生物数学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="微生物学">微生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="分子生物学">分子生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="真菌学">真菌学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8A%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="今生物学">今生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="神经科学">神经科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB" title="营养">营养学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%99%BC%E7%94%9F" title="自然發生">生命起源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="古生物学">古生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F%E8%99%AB%E5%AD%A6" title="寄生虫学">寄生虫学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="病理学">病理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="药理学">药理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生理学">生理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="量子生物学">量子生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="社會生物學">社會生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="合成生物学">合成生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="结构生物学">结构生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="系统生物学">系统生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="生物分类法">生物分类学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E5%AD%A6" title="病毒学">病毒学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="病毒物理学（页面不存在）">病毒物理学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virophysics" class="extiw" title="en:Virophysics">Virophysics</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B8%E5%BD%A2%E5%AD%A6" title="畸形学">畸形学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%92%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="毒理学">毒理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="动物学">动物学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">参阅</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="生物学史">生物学史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E6%88%96%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔生理学或医学奖">诺贝尔生理学或医学奖</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%BD%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物学和有机化学的时间轴（页面不存在）">生物学和有机化学的时间轴</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_biology_and_organic_chemistry" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of biology and organic chemistry">Timeline of biology and organic chemistry</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="生物学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #90EE90;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:生物学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="Template talk:生物学"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:生物学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="生物学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="生物学">生物学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #90EE90;;width:1%">背景</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="生物学史">生物学史</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物学史（页面不存在）">植物学史</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_botany" class="extiw" title="en:History of botany">History of botany</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="解剖学史">解剖学史</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2_(1859%E5%B9%B4%E4%B9%8B%E5%89%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动物学史 (1859年之前)（页面不存在）">动物学史 (1859年之前)</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_zoology_(through_1859)" class="extiw" title="en:History of zoology (through 1859)">History of zoology (through 1859)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2_(1859%E5%B9%B4%E4%B9%8B%E5%90%8E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动物学史 (1859年之后)（页面不存在）">动物学史 (1859年之后)</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_zoology_(since_1859)" class="extiw" title="en:History of zoology (since 1859)">History of zoology (since 1859)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物分类学史（页面不存在）">植物分类学史</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_plant_systematics" class="extiw" title="en:History of plant systematics">History of plant systematics</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古生物学史（页面不存在）">古生物学史</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_paleontology" class="extiw" title="en:History of paleontology">History of paleontology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生态学史（页面不存在）">生态学史</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ecology" class="extiw" title="en:History of ecology">History of ecology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="模式生物史（页面不存在）">模式生物史</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_model_organisms" class="extiw" title="en:History of model organisms">History of model organisms</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%BB%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藻类学史（页面不存在）">藻类学史</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_phycology" class="extiw" title="en:History of phycology">History of phycology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遗传学史（页面不存在）">遗传学史</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_genetics" class="extiw" title="en:History of genetics">History of genetics</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="生物化学的历史">生物化学的历史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="分子生物學史">分子生物學史</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RNA%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RNA生物学史（页面不存在）">RNA生物学史</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_RNA_biology" class="extiw" title="en:History of RNA biology">History of RNA biology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分子演化学史（页面不存在）">分子演化学史</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_molecular_evolution" class="extiw" title="en:History of molecular evolution">History of molecular evolution</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="免疫学史（页面不存在）">免疫学史</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_immunology" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of immunology">Timeline of immunology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物技术史（页面不存在）">生物技术史</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_biotechnology" class="extiw" title="en:History of biotechnology">History of biotechnology</a>）</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/140px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/210px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/280px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1804" data-file-height="2856" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #90EE90;;width:1%">主領域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物化学">生物化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="分子生物学">分子生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="结构生物学">结构生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="糖生物学">糖生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E7%BB%84%E5%AD%A6" title="蛋白质组学">蛋白质组学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%B5%84%E5%AD%B8" title="基因組學">基因組學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E7%B1%BB%E7%BB%84%E5%AD%A6" title="脂类组学">脂类组学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E7%89%A9%E7%BB%84%E5%AD%A6" title="代谢物组学">代谢物组学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="系统生物学">系统生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="细胞生物学">细胞生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生理学">生理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="植物生理學">植物生理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生理学">動物生理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="人体生理学">人体生理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="生物信息学">生物資訊學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E5%AD%A6" title="免疫学">免疫学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="時間生物學">時間生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="演化發育生物學">演化發育生物學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="演化生物学">演化生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="发育生物学">发育生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8" title="分子遺傳學">分子遺傳學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="胚胎学">胚胎学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="古生物学">古生物学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6" title="解剖学">解剖学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6" title="遗传学">遗传学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6" title="细胞遗传学">细胞遗传学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A7%80%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8" title="表觀遺傳學">表觀遺傳學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="神经科学">神经科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%AD%A6" title="组织学">组织学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%AD%B8" title="生物統計學">生物統計學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="生物分类学">生物分类学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="植物学">植物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="动物学">动物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C%E5%AD%B8" title="真菌學">真菌學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="微生物学">微生物学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E5%AD%A6" title="病毒学">病毒学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F%E8%99%AB%E5%AD%A6" title="寄生虫学">寄生虫学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学">生态学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="海洋生物学">海洋生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="天體生物學">天體生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%97%85%E5%AD%A6" title="流行病学">流行病学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #90EE90;;width:1%">跨領域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%90%86%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="數理生物學">數理生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物物理学">生物物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物力学">生物力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="量子生物学">量子生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="化學生物學">化學生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="合成生物学">合成生物学</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">生物地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="保育生物學">保育生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E6%B8%A9%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="低温生物学">低温生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E6%AE%96" title="繁殖">繁殖</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B9%81%E6%AE%96%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物繁殖方式（页面不存在）">生物繁殖方式</a>（維基數據所列：<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130077803" class="extiw" title="d:Q130077803">Q130077803</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: #90EE90;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:生物学">分類</a></li> <li><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:生物学">主題</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Biology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Biology">共享资源</a></li> <li><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="WikiProject:生物學">專題</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="地理学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geography_topics" title="Template:Geography topics"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geography_topics" title="Template talk:Geography topics"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Geography_topics" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Geography topics"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="地理学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地理学">地理学</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理學術語表（页面不存在）">術語表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geography_terms" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of geography terms">Glossary of geography terms</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="地理學史">歷史</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理學條目索引（页面不存在）">索引</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_geography_articles" class="extiw" title="en:Index of geography articles">Index of geography articles</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理學大綱（页面不存在）">大綱</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_geography" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of geography">Outline of geography</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">學科分支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="人文地理学">人文地理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="行為地理學">行為地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="批判地理學">批判地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="女性主義地理學（页面不存在）">女性主義地理學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_geography" class="extiw" title="en:Feminist geography">Feminist geography</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="马克思主义地理学">馬克思主義地理學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxist_geography" class="extiw" title="en:Marxist geography">Marxist geography</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="文化地理学">文化地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教地理学">宗教地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="音樂地理學">音樂地理學</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="人口地理学">人口地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="發展地理學">發展地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="经济地理学">经济地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="农业地理学">农业地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="工业地理学">工业地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="商业地理学">商业地理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="醫學地理學">医学地理学（健康地理學）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="历史地理学">历史地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="語言地理學">語言地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="军事地理学">军事地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="政治地理学">政治地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="社会地理学">社会地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="战略地理">戰略地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="旅游地理学">旅游地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E8%90%BD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="聚落地理学">聚落地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="城市地理学">城市地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="区域地理学">区域地理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="交通运输地理学">交通运输地理学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="自然地理學">自然地理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">生物地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学">生态学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="植物地理学">植物地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="动物地理学">动物地理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海岸地理學（页面不存在）">海岸地理學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_geography" class="extiw" title="en:Coastal geography">Coastal geography</a>）／<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="海洋学">海洋学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="地球科学">地球科学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="大气科学">大气科学</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="气象学">气象学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="环境科学">环境科学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6" title="气候学">气候学</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%AD%B8" title="古氣候學">古氣候學</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="古地理学">古地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="地球生物学">地球生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地球物理学">地球物理学</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="大地测量学">大地测量学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球系統科學（页面不存在）">地球系統科學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_system_science" class="extiw" title="en:Earth system science">Earth system science</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="地貌学">地貌学</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="地质学">地质学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E5%AD%A6" title="冰川学">冰川学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="水文学">水文学</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B2%BC%E5%AD%B8" title="湖沼學">湖沼學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤学">土壤学</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%95%E4%BD%9C%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耕作土壤學（页面不存在）">耕作土壤學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edaphology" class="extiw" title="en:Edaphology">Edaphology</a>）／<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="土壤科學">土壤科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤地理学">土壤地理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%B4%80%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第四紀科學（页面不存在）">第四紀科學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary_science" class="extiw" title="en:Quaternary science">Quaternary science</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="环境地理学">綜合學科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="环境地理学">环境地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="環境社會科學">環境社會科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="環境研究">环境研究</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_studies" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental studies">Environmental studies</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%80%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="景觀設計">景觀設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%82%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="景观生态学">景观生态学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="時間地理學">時間地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="系統地理學">系統地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%A6" title="地名学">地名学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%AA%8C%E5%AD%B8" title="地誌學">地誌學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="區域研究">區域研究</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理學大綱（页面不存在）">技術和工具</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_geography#Tasks_and_tools_of_geography" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of geography">Outline of geography#Tasks and tools of geography</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="地理信息科学">地理信息科學</a>／<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地数学（页面不存在）">地数学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomathematics" class="extiw" title="en:Geomathematics">Geomathematics</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE%E5%AD%A6" title="地图学">地图学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%BB%BA%E6%A8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地质建模（页面不存在）">地质建模</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_modelling" class="extiw" title="en:Geologic modelling">Geologic modelling</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1" title="地理统计">地理统计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="地理信息系统">地理信息系统</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E5%AD%A6" title="地质年代学">地质年代学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="地球空间信息科学">地球空间信息科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="水文地理学">水文地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E5%BD%B1%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F%E6%B3%95" title="摄影测量法">摄影测量法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" title="遥感">遥感</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土地变化模型（页面不存在）">土地变化模型</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_change_modeling" class="extiw" title="en:Land change modeling">Land change modeling</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">組織和機構</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E8%88%87%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="Category:地理資料與資訊組織">地理数据與資訊組織</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理學會列表（页面不存在）">地理學會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_geographical_societies" class="extiw" title="en:List of geographical societies">List of geographical societies</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球科學組織列表（页面不存在）">地球科學學會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_geoscience_organizations" class="extiw" title="en:List of geoscience organizations">List of geoscience organizations</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%B8%AC%E7%B9%AA%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國家測繪機構（页面不存在）">國家測繪機構</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_mapping_agency" class="extiw" title="en:National mapping agency">National mapping agency</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="美國地理學協會">美國地理學協會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="美国地理学家协会">美国地理学家协会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" title="國家地理學會">國家地理學會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" title="加拿大皇家地理學會">加拿大皇家地理學會</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲地理協會（页面不存在）">歐洲地理協會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Geography_Association" class="extiw" title="en:European Geography Association">European Geography Association</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="皇家地理學會">皇家地理學會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" title="皇家蘇格蘭地理學會">皇家蘇格蘭地理學會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="巴黎地理學會">巴黎地理學會</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="里斯本地理學會（页面不存在）">里斯本地理學會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon_Geographic_Society" class="extiw" title="en:Lisbon Geographic Society">Lisbon Geographic Society</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" title="俄羅斯地理學會">俄羅斯地理學會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A_(%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC)" title="中国地理学会 (北京)">中華人民共和國地理學會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A_(%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97)" class="mw-redirect" title="中国地理学会 (台北)">中華民國地理學會</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="香港地理學會（页面不存在）">香港地理學會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Geographical_Association" class="extiw" title="en:Hong Kong Geographical Association">Hong Kong Geographical Association</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E7%83%8F%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沙烏地地理學會（页面不存在）">沙特地理學會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Geographical_Society" class="extiw" title="en:Saudi Geographical Society">Saudi Geographical Society</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" title="國際地理聯合會">國際地理聯合會</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="女性地理學家協會（页面不存在）">女性地理學家協會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Woman_Geographers" class="extiw" title="en:Society of Woman Geographers">Society of Woman Geographers</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">教育</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="Category:地理教育">地理教育</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%B4%A0%E9%A4%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理素養（页面不存在）">地理素養</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo-literacy" class="extiw" title="en:Geo-literacy">Geo-literacy</a>）（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B" title="國際地理奧林匹克">國際地理奧林匹克</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%AC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="空間公民權（页面不存在）">空間公民權</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_citizenship" class="extiw" title="en:Spatial citizenship">Spatial citizenship</a>））</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:地理学">主題</a></li> <li><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="WikiProject:地理學">專題</a></li> <li><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:地理学">相關頁面</a></li> <li><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Geography" class="extiw" title="commons:category:Geography">共享資源</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="土壤科學" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #D2B48C; color: white;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:土壤科學"><abbr title="查看该模板" style="color: white">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Template talk:土壤科學"><abbr title="讨论该模板" style="color: white">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:土壤科學"><abbr title="编辑该模板" style="color: white">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="土壤科學" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="土壤科學">土壤科學</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主要領域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤学">土壤学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="土壤物理學">土壤物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="土力学">土壤力學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤化学">土壤化學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤生物學（页面不存在）">土壤生物學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_biology" class="extiw" title="en:Soil biology">Soil biology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤動物學（页面不存在）">土壤動物學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_zoology" class="extiw" title="en:Soil zoology">Soil zoology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤学">土壤生態學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤形態（页面不存在）">土壤形態</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_morphology" class="extiw" title="en:Soil morphology">Soil morphology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="環境土壤科學（页面不存在）">環境土壤科學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_soil_science" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental soil science">Environmental soil science</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="農業土壤學（页面不存在）">農業土壤學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_soil_science" class="extiw" title="en:Agricultural soil science">Agricultural soil science</a>）</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Soil_profile.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Soil_profile.png/110px-Soil_profile.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Soil_profile.png/165px-Soil_profile.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Soil_profile.png/220px-Soil_profile.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1833" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="土壤">土壤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%9C%88" title="土壤圈">土壤圈</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤多樣性（页面不存在）">土壤多樣性</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedodiversity" class="extiw" title="en:Pedodiversity">Pedodiversity</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%9C%9F%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="成土作用">成土作用</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BE%B5%E8%9D%95" title="土壤侵蝕">土壤侵蝕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="土地污染">土地污染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%80%80%E5%8C%96%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="土壤退化作用">土壤退化作用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%8E%8B%E5%AE%9E" title="土壤压实">土壤壓實</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%A3%93%E5%AF%A6_(%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤壓實 (農業)（页面不存在）">土壤壓實 (農業)</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_compaction_(agriculture)" class="extiw" title="en:Soil compaction (agriculture)">Soil compaction (agriculture)</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%B9%BD%E5%8C%96" title="土壤鹽化">土壤鹽化</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90%E7%A2%B1%E5%9C%B0" title="盐碱地">鹽鹼地</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BC%E5%80%BC" title="土壤酸鹼值">土壤pH值</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96" title="土壤酸化">土壤酸化</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤健康（页面不存在）">土壤健康</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_health" class="extiw" title="en:Soil health">Soil health</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤生物多樣性（页面不存在）">土壤生物多樣性</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_biodiversity" class="extiw" title="en:Soil biodiversity">Soil biodiversity</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%93%81%E8%B3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤品質（页面不存在）">土壤品質</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_quality" class="extiw" title="en:Soil quality">Soil quality</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soil_value&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soil value（页面不存在）">Soil value</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_value" class="extiw" title="en:Soil value">Soil value</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E8%82%A5%E5%8A%9B" title="土壤肥力">土壤肥力</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soil_resilience&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soil resilience（页面不存在）">Soil resilience</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_resilience" class="extiw" title="en:Soil resilience">Soil resilience</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%A1%8F%E8%89%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤顏色（页面不存在）">土壤顏色</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_color" class="extiw" title="en:Soil color">Soil color</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E8%B3%AA%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤質地（页面不存在）">土壤質地</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_texture" class="extiw" title="en:Soil texture">Soil texture</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="土壤结构">土壤結構</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%94%E9%9A%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤孔隙（页面不存在）">土壤孔隙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pore_space_in_soil" class="extiw" title="en:Pore space in soil">Pore space in soil</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pore_water_pressure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pore water pressure（页面不存在）">Pore water pressure</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pore_water_pressure" class="extiw" title="en:Pore water pressure">Pore water pressure</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soil_crust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soil crust（页面不存在）">Soil crust</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_crust" class="extiw" title="en:Soil crust">Soil crust</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%B1%A4" title="土層">土層</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soil_biomantle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soil biomantle（页面不存在）">Soil biomantle</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_biomantle" class="extiw" title="en:Soil biomantle">Soil biomantle</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soil_carbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soil carbon（页面不存在）">Soil carbon</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon" class="extiw" title="en:Soil carbon">Soil carbon</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" title="土壤氣體">土壤氣體</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8" title="土壤呼吸">土壤呼吸</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E8%B3%AA" title="土壤有機質">土壤有機質</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="土壤">土壤濕度</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%B0%B4%E4%BB%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤水份（页面不存在）">土壤水份</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_water_(retention)" class="extiw" title="en:Soil water (retention)">Soil water (retention)</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="土壤類型" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B" title="土壤類型">土壤類型</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="土壤分類（英语：-&#123;Soil_classification&#125;-）" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Soil_type" title="Template:Soil type"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Soil_type&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Soil type（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Soil_type" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Soil type"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="土壤分類（英语：-&#123;Soil_classification&#125;-）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤分類（页面不存在）">土壤分類</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_classification" class="extiw" title="en:Soil classification">Soil classification</a>）</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美國農業部">美國農業部</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國農業部土壤分類系統（页面不存在）">土壤分類系統</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USDA_soil_taxonomy" class="extiw" title="en:USDA soil taxonomy">USDA soil taxonomy</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E6%BA%B6%E5%9C%9F" title="淋溶土">淋溶土</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%81%B0%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="火山灰土（页面不存在）">火山灰土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andisol" class="extiw" title="en:Andisol">Andisol</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%B1%E5%A2%83%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旱境土（页面不存在）">旱境土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aridisols" class="extiw" title="en:Aridisols">Aridisols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%88%90%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新成土（页面不存在）">新成土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entisols" class="extiw" title="en:Entisols">Entisols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E5%9C%9F" title="冻土">冰凍土</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有機土（页面不存在）">有機土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histosols" class="extiw" title="en:Histosols">Histosols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%B1%E8%82%B2%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弱育土（页面不存在）">弱育土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inceptisols" class="extiw" title="en:Inceptisols">Inceptisols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%86%E8%BB%9F%E5%9C%9F" title="鬆軟土">黑沃土</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氧化物土（页面不存在）">氧化物土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxisol" class="extiw" title="en:Oxisol">Oxisol</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%9F" title="灰化土">灰化土</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%B5%E8%82%B2%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="極育土（页面不存在）">極育土</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%86%A8%E8%BD%89%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="膨轉土（页面不存在）">膨轉土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertisol" class="extiw" title="en:Vertisol">Vertisol</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E5%9F%BA%E6%BA%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界土壤參考基準（页面不存在）">世界土壤參考基準</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Reference_Base_for_Soil_Resources" class="extiw" title="en:World Reference Base for Soil Resources">World Reference Base for Soil Resources</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有機土（页面不存在）">有機土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histosols" class="extiw" title="en:Histosols">Histosols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%BA%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人为土（页面不存在）">人为土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrosols" class="extiw" title="en:Anthrosols">Anthrosols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="技术土（页面不存在）">技术土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technosol" class="extiw" title="en:Technosol">Technosol</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E5%9C%9F" title="冻土">寒冻土</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%84%E5%B1%82%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薄层土（页面不存在）">薄层土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptosols" class="extiw" title="en:Leptosols">Leptosols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E5%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="鹼土">碱土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solonetz" class="extiw" title="en:Solonetz">Solonetz</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%98%E6%80%A7%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="变性土（页面不存在）">变性土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertisol" class="extiw" title="en:Vertisol">Vertisol</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%90%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盐土（页面不存在）">盐土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solonchaks" class="extiw" title="en:Solonchaks">Solonchaks</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%9C%E8%82%B2%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="潜育土（页面不存在）">潜育土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleysols" class="extiw" title="en:Gleysols">Gleysols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%81%B0%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="火山灰土（页面不存在）">火山灰土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andosols" class="extiw" title="en:Andosols">Andosols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%9F" title="灰化土">灰土</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%9A%E9%93%81%E7%BD%91%E7%BA%B9%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聚铁网纹土（页面不存在）">聚铁网纹土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plinthosols" class="extiw" title="en:Plinthosols">Plinthosols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%98%E7%BB%A8%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="粘绨土（页面不存在）">粘绨土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitisols" class="extiw" title="en:Nitisols">Nitisols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%81%E9%93%9D%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="铁铝土（页面不存在）">铁铝土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferralsols" class="extiw" title="en:Ferralsols">Ferralsols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E7%A3%90%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黏磐土（页面不存在）">黏磐土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planosols" class="extiw" title="en:Planosols">Planosols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%9E%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="滞水土（页面不存在）">滞水土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagnosols" class="extiw" title="en:Stagnosols">Stagnosols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%9C%9F" title="黑土">黑鈣土</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%97%E9%92%99%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="栗钙土（页面不存在）">栗钙土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastanozems" class="extiw" title="en:Kastanozems">Kastanozems</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%9C%9F" title="黑土">黑土</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9A%97%E8%89%B2%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="暗色土（页面不存在）">暗色土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrisols" class="extiw" title="en:Umbrisols">Umbrisols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%85%E8%83%B6%E7%BB%93%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="硅胶结土（页面不存在）">硅胶结土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durisols" class="extiw" title="en:Durisols">Durisols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%B3%E8%86%8F%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="石膏土（页面不存在）">石膏土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsisols" class="extiw" title="en:Gypsisols">Gypsisols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%99%E7%A7%AF%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钙积土（页面不存在）">钙积土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcisols" class="extiw" title="en:Calcisols">Calcisols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%91%E7%8A%B6%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="网状土（页面不存在）">网状土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retisol" class="extiw" title="en:Retisol">Retisol</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E6%B7%8B%E6%BA%B6%E5%9C%9F" title="強淋溶土">低活性强酸土</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%8E%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E6%B7%8B%E6%BA%B6%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="低活性淋溶土（页面不存在）">低活性淋溶土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lixisols" class="extiw" title="en:Lixisols">Lixisols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E5%BC%BA%E9%85%B8%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高活性强酸土（页面不存在）">高活性强酸土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alisols" class="extiw" title="en:Alisols">Alisols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E6%B7%8B%E6%BA%B6%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高活性淋溶土（页面不存在）">高活性淋溶土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luvisols" class="extiw" title="en:Luvisols">Luvisols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%8F%E5%BD%A2%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雏形土（页面不存在）">雏形土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambisols" class="extiw" title="en:Cambisols">Cambisols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A0%82%E6%80%A7%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="砂性土（页面不存在）">砂性土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenosols" class="extiw" title="en:Arenosols">Arenosols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B2%E5%87%BB%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冲击土（页面不存在）">冲击土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluvisols" class="extiw" title="en:Fluvisols">Fluvisols</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%96%8F%E6%9D%BE%E5%B2%A9%E6%80%A7%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="疏松岩性土（页面不存在）">疏松岩性土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regosols" class="extiw" title="en:Regosols">Regosols</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他系统</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%AE%E5%86%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="粮农组织土壤分类（页面不存在）">粮农组织土壤分类</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAO_soil_classification" class="extiw" title="en:FAO soil classification">FAO soil classification</a>） (1974–98)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="统一土壤分类系统（页面不存在）">统一土壤分类系统</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Soil_Classification_System" class="extiw" title="en:Unified Soil Classification System">Unified Soil Classification System</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AASHTO_%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AASHTO 土壤分类系统（页面不存在）">AASHTO 土壤分类系统</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AASHTO_Soil_Classification_System" class="extiw" title="en:AASHTO Soil Classification System">AASHTO Soil Classification System</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤参考（页面不存在）">土壤参考</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rentiel_p%C3%A9dologique" class="extiw" title="en:Référentiel pédologique">Référentiel pédologique</a>） (法国分类系统)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加拿大土壤分类系统（页面不存在）">加拿大土壤分类系统</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_system_of_soil_classification" class="extiw" title="en:Canadian system of soil classification">Canadian system of soil classification</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳大利亚土壤分类（页面不存在）">澳大利亚土壤分类</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Soil_Classification" class="extiw" title="en:Australian Soil Classification">Australian Soil Classification</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波兰土壤分类（页面不存在）">波兰土壤分类</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Soil_Classification" class="extiw" title="en:Polish Soil Classification">Polish Soil Classification</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938_%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1938 年美国农业部土壤分类学（页面不存在）">1938 年美国农业部土壤分类学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_USDA_soil_taxonomy" class="extiw" title="en:1938 USDA soil taxonomy">1938 USDA soil taxonomy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美国州土列表">美国州土列表</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E5%9B%AD%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葡萄园土壤类型列表（页面不存在）">葡萄园土壤类型列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vineyard_soil_types" class="extiw" title="en:List of vineyard soil types">List of vineyard soil types</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非系统土壤类型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99" title="沙">沙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A4%E6%B3%A5" title="淤泥">淤泥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E5%9C%9F" title="黏土">黏土</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%A4%E5%9C%9F" title="壤土">壤土</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%9C%9F" title="表土">表土</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E5%9C%9F" title="底土">底土</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%B5%90%E7%9A%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="土壤結皮">土壤结皮</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_crust" class="extiw" title="en:Soil crust">Soil crust</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%98%E5%9C%9F%E5%B1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="粘土层（页面不存在）">粘土层</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claypan" class="extiw" title="en:Claypan">Claypan</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%AC%E5%9B%BE%E5%B1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="硬图层（页面不存在）">硬图层</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardpan" class="extiw" title="en:Hardpan">Hardpan</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%B3%E8%86%8F%E7%9A%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="石膏皮（页面不存在）">石膏皮</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypcrust" class="extiw" title="en:Gypcrust">Gypcrust</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%88%A9%E5%88%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡利切（页面不存在）">卡利切</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliche" class="extiw" title="en:Caliche">Caliche</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E6%9D%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="母材（页面不存在）">母材</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parent_material" class="extiw" title="en:Parent material">Parent material</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%9C%88" title="土壤圈">土壤圈</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%9C%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球圈（页面不存在）">地球圈</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laimosphere" class="extiw" title="en:Laimosphere">Laimosphere</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E9%99%85" title="根际">根际</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%A3%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="散土（页面不存在）">散土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_soil" class="extiw" title="en:Bulk soil">Bulk soil</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90%E7%A2%B1%E5%9C%B0" title="盐碱地">盐碱地</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%BE%E6%B3%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="湾泥（页面不存在）">湾泥</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_mud" class="extiw" title="en:Bay mud">Bay mud</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%93%9D%E7%B2%98%E6%B6%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蓝粘液（页面不存在）">蓝粘液</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_goo" class="extiw" title="en:Blue goo">Blue goo</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A0%96%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="砖土（页面不存在）">砖土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brickearth" class="extiw" title="en:Brickearth">Brickearth</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E5%9C%9F" title="棕土">棕土</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%99%E8%B4%A8%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钙质草地（页面不存在）">钙质草地</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcareous_grassland" class="extiw" title="en:Calcareous grassland">Calcareous grassland</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9A%97%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="暗土（页面不存在）">暗土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_earth" class="extiw" title="en:Dark earth">Dark earth</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B2%E6%B5%81%E6%B2%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="干流沙（页面不存在）">干流沙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_quicksand" class="extiw" title="en:Dry quicksand">Dry quicksand</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E7%9B%B8%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双相土（页面不存在）">双相土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duplex_soil" class="extiw" title="en:Duplex soil">Duplex soil</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%98%E7%A9%8D%E5%B1%A4" title="殘積層">殘積層</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%86%A8%E8%83%80%E7%B2%98%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="膨胀粘土（页面不存在）">膨胀粘土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansive_clay" class="extiw" title="en:Expansive clay">Expansive clay</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%AB%E5%85%85%E6%B1%A1%E5%9E%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="填充污垢（页面不存在）">填充污垢</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fill_dirt" class="extiw" title="en:Fill dirt">Fill dirt</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%8B%92%E5%9C%9F" title="富勒土">富勒土</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%96%8F%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="疏水土壤（页面不存在）">疏水土壤</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobic_soil" class="extiw" title="en:Hydrophobic soil">Hydrophobic soil</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%9C%9F" title="黃土">黃土</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="月球土壤">月球土壤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="火星土壤">火星土壤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5" title="泥">泥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9A%E8%8B%94%E6%B2%BC" title="厚苔沼">厚苔沼</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古土壤（页面不存在）">古土壤</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleosol" class="extiw" title="en:Paleosol">Paleosol</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%82%AD" title="泥炭">泥炭</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%98%E8%B4%A8%E5%86%9C%E7%94%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="优质农田（页面不存在）">优质农田</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_farmland" class="extiw" title="en:Prime farmland">Prime farmland</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9B%87%E7%BA%B9%E7%9F%B3%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蛇纹石土（页面不存在）">蛇纹石土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpentine_soil" class="extiw" title="en:Serpentine soil">Serpentine soil</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%9F" title="灰化土">灰化土</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E8%AF%BA%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯塔诺格利（页面不存在）">斯塔诺格利</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagnogley" class="extiw" title="en:Stagnogley">Stagnogley</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E4%B8%8B%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水下土（页面不存在）">水下土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subaqueous_soil" class="extiw" title="en:Subaqueous soil">Subaqueous soil</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%9C%E9%BB%91%E5%9C%9F" title="亞馬遜黑土">亞馬遜黑土</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A2%E5%9C%9F%EF%BC%88%E5%9C%9F%E7%A7%8D%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="红土（土种）（页面不存在）">红土（土种）</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_rossa_(soil)" class="extiw" title="en:Terra rossa (soil)">Terra rossa (soil)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E6%B3%A5%E7%82%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="热带泥炭（页面不存在）">热带泥炭</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_peat" class="extiw" title="en:Tropical peat">Tropical peat</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B6%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="叶多玛（页面不存在）">叶多玛</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yedoma" class="extiw" title="en:Yedoma">Yedoma</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">應用</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7" title="土壤保護">土壤保護</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤管理（页面不存在）">土壤管理</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_management" class="extiw" title="en:Soil management">Soil management</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soil_guideline_value&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soil guideline value（页面不存在）">Soil guideline value</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_guideline_value" class="extiw" title="en:Soil guideline value">Soil guideline value</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%B8%AC%E9%87%8F" title="土地測量">土地測量</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%B7%A5%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土工試驗（页面不存在）">土工試驗</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_test" class="extiw" title="en:Soil test">Soil test</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤治理（页面不存在）">土壤治理</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_governance" class="extiw" title="en:Soil governance">Soil governance</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soil_value&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soil value（页面不存在）">Soil value</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_value" class="extiw" title="en:Soil value">Soil value</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%B9%BD%E5%88%86%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤鹽分控制（页面不存在）">土壤鹽分控制</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_salinity_control" class="extiw" title="en:Soil salinity control">Soil salinity control</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9D%95%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="侵蝕控制">侵蝕控制</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤政策（页面不存在）">土壤政策</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_policy" class="extiw" title="en:Soil policy">Soil policy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" title="生態農業">生態農業</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liming_(soil)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liming (soil)（页面不存在）">Liming (soil)</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liming_(soil)" class="extiw" title="en:Liming (soil)">Liming (soil)</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關領域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="地质学">地质学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="地球化学">地球化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3%E5%AD%A6" title="岩石学">岩石學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="地貌学">地形學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8A%9B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土力工程">土力工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="水文学">水文学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="水文地质学">水文地质学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="地理學">地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="考古学">考古学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%AD%A6" title="农学">农学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">協會，倡議</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" title="國際土壤科學聯合會">土壤科學國際聯盟</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國土壤學會（页面不存在）">美國土壤學會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_Science_Society_of_America" class="extiw" title="en:Soil Science Society of America">Soil Science Society of America</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%B9%B4" title="國際土壤年">國際土壤年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" title="世界土壤大會">世界土壤大會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%9F%E4%BF%9D%E6%8C%81%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="水土保持協會">水土保持協會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%9F%E4%BF%9D%E6%8C%81%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="中国水土保持学会">中国水土保持学会</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">參見</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8" title="土地利用">土地利用</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%B5%81%E8%BD%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土地流轉（页面不存在）">土地流轉</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_conversion" class="extiw" title="en:Land conversion">Land conversion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="土地管理">土地管理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E8%A2%AB" title="植被">植被</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B8%E6%BD%A4%EF%BC%88%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="浸潤（水文）（页面不存在）">浸潤（水文）</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infiltration_(hydrology)" class="extiw" title="en:Infiltration (hydrology)">Infiltration (hydrology)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="地下水">地下水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3" title="地壳">地壳</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E9%80%8F%E6%B0%B4%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不透水面（页面不存在）">不透水面</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impervious_surface" class="extiw" title="en:Impervious surface">Impervious surface</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A8%E9%80%95%E6%B5%81" title="地表逕流">地表逕流</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li> <img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="Category:土壤">土壤</a></li> <li>  <a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:土壤科學">土壤科學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style 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/></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX525766">西班牙</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13162665q">法国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13162665q">BnF data</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4006801-8">德国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007282569305171">以色列</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85014147">美国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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