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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-地球歷史上著名的氣候事件" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地球歷史上著名的氣候事件"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>地球歷史上著名的氣候事件</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地球歷史上著名的氣候事件-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">古氣候學</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。52种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologie" title="Paleoklimatologie – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Paleoklimatologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85" title="علم المناخ القديم – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم المناخ القديم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoiqlim" title="Paleoiqlim – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Paleoiqlim" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पुरा-जलवायुबिज्ञान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पुरा-जलवायुबिज्ञान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologija" title="Paleoklimatologija – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Paleoklimatologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoclimatologia" title="Paleoclimatologia – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Paleoclimatologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%AB_k%C3%A9-h%C3%A2iu-h%C5%8Fk" title="Gū ké-hâiu-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gū ké-hâiu-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologie" title="Paleoklimatologie – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Paleoklimatologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C3%A4oklimatologie" title="Paläoklimatologie – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Paläoklimatologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Παλαιοκλιματολογία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παλαιοκλιματολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoclimatology" title="Paleoclimatology – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Paleoclimatology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologio" title="Paleoklimatologio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Paleoklimatologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoclimatolog%C3%ADa" title="Paleoclimatología – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Paleoclimatología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatoloogia" title="Paleoklimatoloogia – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Paleoklimatoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologia" title="Paleoklimatologia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Paleoklimatologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="دیرین‌اقلیم‌شناسی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیرین‌اقلیم‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologia" title="Paleoklimatologia – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Paleoklimatologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C3%A9oclimatologie" title="Paléoclimatologie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Paléoclimatologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pail%C3%A9ichl%C3%ADomeola%C3%ADocht" title="Pailéichlíomeolaíocht – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pailéichlíomeolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoclimatolox%C3%ADa" title="Paleoclimatoloxía – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Paleoclimatoloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="פלאוקלימטולוגיה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלאוקלימטולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologija" title="Paleoklimatologija – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Paleoklimatologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatol%C3%B3gia" title="Paleoklimatológia – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Paleoklimatológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologi" title="Paleoklimatologi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paleoklimatologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornloftslagsfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Fornloftslagsfræði – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fornloftslagsfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoclimatologia" title="Paleoclimatologia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Paleoclimatologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6" title="古気候学 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="古気候学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="პალეოკლიმატოლოგია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პალეოკლიმატოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Палеоклиматология – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Палеоклиматология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%ED%95%99" title="고기후학 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고기후학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleuclimatulugia" title="Paleuclimatulugia – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Paleuclimatulugia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Палеоклиматологија – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Палеоклиматологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologi" title="Paleoklimatologi – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Paleoklimatologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologie" title="Paleoklimatologie – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paleoklimatologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologi" title="Paleoklimatologi – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Paleoklimatologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologi" title="Paleoklimatologi – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Paleoklimatologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologia" title="Paleoklimatologia – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Paleoklimatologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoclimatologia" title="Paleoclimatologia – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Paleoclimatologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoclimatologie" title="Paleoclimatologie – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Paleoclimatologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Палеоклиматология – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Палеоклиматология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologija" title="Paleoklimatologija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Paleoklimatologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaeoclimatology" title="Palaeoclimatology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Palaeoclimatology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatol%C3%B3gia" title="Paleoklimatológia – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Paleoklimatológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Палеоклиматологија – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Палеоклиматологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologi" title="Paleoklimatologi – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Paleoklimatologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="ภูมิอากาศบรรพกาลวิทยา – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภูมิอากาศบรรพกาลวิทยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatoloji" title="Paleoklimatoloji – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Paleoklimatoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Палеокліматологія – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Палеокліматологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoiqlimshunoslik" title="Paleoiqlimshunoslik – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Paleoiqlimshunoslik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%95_kh%C3%AD_h%E1%BA%ADu_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Cổ khí hậu học – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cổ khí hậu học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatolohiya" title="Paleoklimatolohiya – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Paleoklimatolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3%CD%98-kh%C3%AC-h%C4%81u-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Kó͘-khì-hāu-ha̍k – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kó͘-khì-hāu-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%8F%A4%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%AD%B8&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Paleoclimatology" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191069" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:All_palaeotemps.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/All_palaeotemps.png/500px-All_palaeotemps.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/All_palaeotemps.png/750px-All_palaeotemps.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/All_palaeotemps.png/1000px-All_palaeotemps.png 2x" data-file-width="1753" data-file-height="565" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sauerstoffgehalt-1000mj2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Sauerstoffgehalt-1000mj2.png/400px-Sauerstoffgehalt-1000mj2.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Sauerstoffgehalt-1000mj2.png/600px-Sauerstoffgehalt-1000mj2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Sauerstoffgehalt-1000mj2.png/800px-Sauerstoffgehalt-1000mj2.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1409" /></a><figcaption>最近十億年<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="地球大氣層">地球大氣層</a>含氧量</figcaption></figure> <p><b>古氣候學</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>：palaeoclimatology；<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="美国英语">美国英语</a>：Paleoclimatology），是研究地球歷史（Earth Time）各時期气候與建立預測模型的一門學科，屬於<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="地球科学">地球科學</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="地质学">地質學</a>領域。古<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6" title="气候学">氣候</a>的變遷記錄呈現於<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="地層">地層</a>、樹木<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E8%BD%AE" title="年轮">年輪</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="冰芯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ice core"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E8%8A%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰芯（页面不存在）">冰芯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_core" class="extiw" title="en:Ice core"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ice core</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9F%E4%B9%B3%E7%9F%B3" title="钟乳石">鐘乳石</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8A%E7%91%9A" title="珊瑚">珊瑚</a>等代用指標（proxy）中，尋找適合的指標以便研究<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94" title="氧气">氧氣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="温度">溫度</a>的變化是古氣候學的重要目的之一，此外，提供<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="古生物学">古生物學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="环境科学">環境科學</a>、地質學、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="大气科学">大氣科學</a>相關理論的證據，預測地球氣候系統變遷的幅度與邊界，分析各因素的影響效果與範圍也都是重要目的。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地球歷史上著名的氣候事件"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.83.E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2.E4.B8.8A.E8.91.97.E5.90.8D.E7.9A.84.E6.B0.A3.E5.80.99.E4.BA.8B.E4.BB.B6"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="地球歷史">地球歷史</a>上著名的氣候事件</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：地球歷史上著名的氣候事件"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E8%BC%95%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%BB%AF%E6%B7%A1%E4%BD%AF%E8%AC%AC" title="年輕太陽黯淡佯謬">年輕太陽黯淡佯謬</a>（起始）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E4%BC%A6%E5%86%B0%E6%B2%B3%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="休伦冰河时期">休倫冰河時期</a>（~24億年前由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="大氧化事件">大氧化事件</a>引起）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%85%83%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3" title="新元古代">新元古代</a>晚期<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E7%90%83%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="雪球地球">雪球地球</a>（~6億5千萬年前，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E6%AD%A6%E7%B4%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%88%86%E7%99%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="寒武紀大爆發">寒武紀大爆發</a>前）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="早古生代冰河時期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Andean-Saharan glaciation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A9%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E4%BB%A3%E5%86%B0%E6%B2%B3%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="早古生代冰河時期（页面不存在）">早古生代冰河時期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andean-Saharan_glaciation" class="extiw" title="en:Andean-Saharan glaciation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Andean-Saharan glaciation</span></a></span>）</span></span>（~4億6千萬至4億3千萬年前）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%82%AD%E7%BA%AA%E9%9B%A8%E6%9E%97%E5%B4%A9%E6%BA%83%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="石炭纪雨林崩溃事件">石炭紀雨林崩潰事件</a>（~3億年前）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%A0%E7%BA%AA%E2%80%94%E4%B8%89%E5%8F%A0%E7%BA%AA%E7%81%AD%E7%BB%9D%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="二叠纪—三叠纪灭绝事件">二叠紀—三叠紀滅絕事件</a>（~2億5千萬年前）</li> <li>多次<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%BA%E6%B0%A7%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="缺氧事件">海洋含氧量降低</a>（主要發生於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%8F%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="侏羅紀">侏羅紀</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%A0%8A%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="白堊紀">白堊紀</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%9E%A9%E7%BA%AA%E2%80%94%E5%8F%A4%E8%BF%91%E7%BA%AA%E7%81%AD%E7%BB%9D%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="白垩纪—古近纪灭绝事件">白堊紀—古近紀滅絕事件</a>（6千6百萬年前）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96%E2%80%94%E5%A7%8B%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96%E6%9E%81%E7%83%AD%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="古新世—始新世极热事件">古新世—始新世極熱事件</a>（5千5百萬年前）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AB%E6%AC%A1%E5%86%B0%E7%9B%9B%E6%9C%9F" title="末次冰盛期">末次冰盛期</a>（~2萬5千年前）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E4%BB%99%E5%A5%B3%E6%9C%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="新仙女木期">新仙女木期</a>（~1萬3千年前）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E6%9C%80%E9%80%82%E5%AE%9C%E6%9C%9F" title="全新世气候最适宜期">全新世氣候最適宜期</a>（5千至9千年前）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公元536年極端天氣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Volcanic winter of 536"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E5%85%83536%E5%B9%B4%E6%A5%B5%E7%AB%AF%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公元536年極端天氣（页面不存在）">公元536年極端天氣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_winter_of_536" class="extiw" title="en:Volcanic winter of 536"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Volcanic winter of 536</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%BA%AB%E6%9A%96%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀溫暖時期">中世紀温暖時期</a>（公元900至1300年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%86%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="小冰期">小冰期</a>（公元1300至1800年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E5%A4%8F%E4%B9%8B%E5%B9%B4" title="無夏之年">無夏之年</a>（公元1816年）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307090449/http://nrch.culture.tw/twpedia.aspx?id=3255">台灣大百科—古氣候學</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ikepu.com/geography/atmospheric/branch/paleoclimatology_total.htm">大科普网—古气候学</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200503184939/http://www.ikepu.com/geography/atmospheric/branch/paleoclimatology_total.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muller.lbl.gov/pages/IceAgeBook/history_of_climate.html">A Brief Introduction to History of Climate</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201114093200/http://muller.lbl.gov/pages/IceAgeBook/history_of_climate.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, an excellent overview by Prof. Richard A Muller of UC Berkley.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/paleo.html">NOAA Paleoclimatology</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200922100042/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/paleo.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090709015259/http://www.agu.org/revgeophys/overpe00/overpe00.html">AGU Paleoclimatology and climate system dynamics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/paleonet/paleo21/pclimate.html">Paleoclimatology in the 21st century</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160319021558/http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/paleonet/paleo21/pclimate.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/75.html">Environmental Literacy Council</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150110063044/http://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/75.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earth-pages.com/archive/climate.asp">Climate change and Palaeoclimatology</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100227031928/http://www.earth-pages.com/archive/climate.asp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） News Archive</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081022085754/http://www.moraymo.us/uplift_overview.php">The Uplift-Weathering Hypothesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100714014633/http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/paleo/">NASA's GISS paleoclimate site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121029023245/http://www.calpal.de/">CalPal — Cologne Radiocarbon Calibration & Paleoclimate Research Package</a></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">W. F. Ruddiman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/cp/cpd/2/43/cpd-2-43_p.pdf">Ice-driven CO<sub>2</sub> feedback on ice volume</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Clim. Past. 2006, <b>2</b> (1): 43–55 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-03-24</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5194%2Fcp-2-43-2006"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.5194/cp-2-43-2006</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070628230454/http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/cp/cpd/2/43/cpd-2-43_p.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2007-06-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=Ice-driven+CO%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E+feedback+on+ice+volume&rft.au=W.+F.+Ruddiman&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Clim.+Past&rft.pages=43-55&rft.volume=2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.copernicus.org%2FEGU%2Fcp%2Fcpd%2F2%2F43%2Fcpd-2-43_p.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5194%2Fcp-2-43-2006&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/history/climate/rapid.htm">Rapid Climate Change</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160629214348/http://www.aip.org/history/climate/rapid.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216220433/http://stratus.astr.ucl.ac.be/textbook//pdf/Chapter_5.pdf">Short history of climate</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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title="生物地理学">生物地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6" title="气候学">气候学</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">古氣候學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="沿海地理學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coastal geography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%BF%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沿海地理學（页面不存在）">沿海地理學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_geography" class="extiw" title="en:Coastal geography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coastal geography</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤学">土壤生態學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="地形學">地形學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E5%AD%A6" title="冰川学">冰河學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="水文学">水文学</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="水文地理学">水文地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%82%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="景观生态学">景观生态学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B2%BC%E5%AD%B8" title="湖沼學">湖沼學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="海洋学">海洋学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="古地理学">古地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤学">土壤学</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="土壤科學">土壤科學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第四紀地質學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Quaternary Geology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%B4%80%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第四紀地質學（页面不存在）">第四紀地質學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary_Geology" class="extiw" title="en:Quaternary Geology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Quaternary Geology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg/110px-Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg/165px-Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg/220px-Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8192" data-file-height="4096" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="地质学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:地质学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="Template talk:地质学"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:地质学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="地质学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="地质学">地质学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">概述</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地质学概况" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of geology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6%E6%A6%82%E5%86%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地质学概况（页面不存在）">地质学概况</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_geology" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of geology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of geology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地质学术语表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glossary of geology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地质学术语表（页面不存在）">地质学术语表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geology" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of geology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glossary of geology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地质学文章索引" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Index of geology articles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地质学文章索引（页面不存在）">地质学文章索引</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_geology_articles" class="extiw" title="en:Index of geology articles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Index of geology articles</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="地质学史">地质学史</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WikiProject_Geology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/50px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/75px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/100px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="328" /></a></span><br /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="地质学史">地质学史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E5%AD%A6" title="地质年代学">地质年代学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="地球地质历史">地球地质历史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地质学时间轴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of geology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%BD%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地质学时间轴（页面不存在）">地质学时间轴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_geology" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of geology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of geology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">组成和结构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="地球化学">地球化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%A6" title="晶体学">晶体学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="矿物学">矿物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9B%B8%E5%AD%A6" title="岩相学">岩相学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3%E5%AD%A6" title="岩石学">岩石学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="地史学">地史学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B1%82%E5%AD%A6" title="地层学">地层学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="古生物学">古生物学</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">古氣候學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="沉积学">沉积学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">运动</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="构造地质学">构造地质学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="地球动力学">地球动力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%9D%97%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E8%AE%BA" title="板块构造论">板块构造论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="地貌学">地貌学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">水文</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E5%AD%A6" title="冰川学">冰川学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="海洋学">海洋学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="水文地质学">水文地质学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="海洋地質學">海洋地質學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地球物理学">地球物理学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="大地测量学">大地测量学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%A3%81%E5%9C%BA" title="地磁场">地磁场</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%98%E6%8E%A2%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="勘探地球物理学">勘探地球物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="数学地球物理学">数学地球物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%A6" title="地震学">地震学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="构造物理学">地壳构造物理学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">应用</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="经济地质学">经济地质学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="工程地质学">工程地质学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="行星地質學">行星地質學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="地球生物学">地球生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="环境地质学">环境地质学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:地质学">地质学分类</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Geology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Geology">共享资源</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:地球科學">地球科学主题</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA" title="WikiProject:地質">地质专题</a></b></li></ul> 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG/60px-Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG/80px-Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2004" /></a></span></td><td style="font-size:smaller">这是一篇和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="大氣科學">大氣科學</a>有關的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%8F%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" title="Wikipedia:小作品">小作品</a>。您可以通过<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%AD%B8&action=edit">编辑或修订</a>扩充其内容。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="position: absolute; 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