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searchaux" style="display:none">Ring name of a sumo wrestler</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Shikona##" title="Talk:Shikona">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shikona&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Shikona%22">"Shikona"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Shikona%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Shikona%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Shikona%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Shikona%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Shikona%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kitanoumi_in_Sumiyoshi_Taisha_(1)_IMG_1452_20130302.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kitanoumi_in_Sumiyoshi_Taisha_%281%29_IMG_1452_20130302.JPG/240px-Kitanoumi_in_Sumiyoshi_Taisha_%281%29_IMG_1452_20130302.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kitanoumi_in_Sumiyoshi_Taisha_%281%29_IMG_1452_20130302.JPG/360px-Kitanoumi_in_Sumiyoshi_Taisha_%281%29_IMG_1452_20130302.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kitanoumi_in_Sumiyoshi_Taisha_%281%29_IMG_1452_20130302.JPG/480px-Kitanoumi_in_Sumiyoshi_Taisha_%281%29_IMG_1452_20130302.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1112" data-file-height="1396" /></a><figcaption>Japanese sumo wrestler Obata Toshimitsu was known by his <i>shikona</i> <a href="/wiki/Kitanoumi_Toshimitsu" title="Kitanoumi Toshimitsu">Kitanoumi Toshimitsu</a>, and was generally referred to simply as Kitanoumi.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <i><b>shikona</b></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">四股名 or 醜名</span>)</span> is a <a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">sumo</a> wrestler's <a href="/wiki/Ring_name" title="Ring name">ring name</a>. The tradition of ring names in sumo dates back to the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a>, where they were used as a means to attract customers and hide the identities of the <i><a href="/wiki/Rikishi" title="Rikishi">rikishi</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-japtimes_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-japtimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like standard <a href="/wiki/Japanese_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese names">Japanese names</a>, a <i>shikona</i> consists of a surname and a personal, or given name,<sup id="cite_ref-japtimes_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-japtimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the full name is written surname first. However, the personal name is rarely used outside formal or ceremonial occasions. Thus, the former <i><a href="/wiki/Yokozuna_(sumo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yokozuna (sumo)">yokozuna</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Asash%C5%8Dry%C5%AB_Akinori" title="Asashōryū Akinori">Asashōryū Akinori</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">朝青龍明徳</span></span>)</span> is usually referred to as simply <i>Asashōryū</i>. When addressing a sumo wrestler of the <i><a href="/wiki/Makuuchi" title="Makuuchi">makuuchi</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/J%C5%ABry%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Jūryō">jūryō</a></i> divisions, the suffix <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">-zeki</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">関</span></span>)</span> is used instead of the usual <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">-san</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">さん</span></span>)</span>. The given name is often, but not always, the wrestler's original name, and may be changed at the whim of the individual wrestler. Foreign wrestlers always adopt a new, Japanese given name. </p><p>Often, on first joining professional sumo, a wrestler's <i>shikona</i> is the same as his family name. As a wrestler rises through the ranks of sumo, he is expected to change his <i>shikona</i>. Stables often expect their wrestlers to adopt new <i>shikona</i> on entering the professional <i>jūryō</i> division.<sup id="cite_ref-japtimes_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-japtimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the timing depends on the naming traditions of individual stables. The wrestlers at <a href="/wiki/Kokonoe_stable" title="Kokonoe stable">Kokonoe stable</a> for example, often adopt a new <i>shikona</i> upon entering the lower <i><a href="/wiki/Sandanme" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandanme">sandanme</a></i> division, while wrestlers at <a href="/wiki/Sadogatake_stable" title="Sadogatake stable">Sadogatake stable</a> generally adopt a new <i>shikona</i> on joining as trainees, even if those <i>shikona</i> are simply the character <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">koto</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">琴</span></span>)</span> attached to the beginning of their original family names. </p><p>Ring names vary widely, depending on the individual stable's tradition and somewhat less on the preferences of the wrestler. Wrestlers from the <a href="/wiki/Oguruma_stable" title="Oguruma stable">Oguruma stable</a> traditionally adopt a <i>shikona</i> ending in the character <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kaze</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">風</span></span>)</span>, which derives from the name of the stable's founder, <a href="/wiki/Kotokaze" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotokaze">Kotokaze</a>. Many wrestlers from the long established <a href="/wiki/Dewanoumi_stable" title="Dewanoumi stable">Dewanoumi stable</a> adopt a <i>shikona</i> beginning with the characters <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">dewa</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">出羽</span></span>)</span>, derived from the name of the stable. Wrestlers may choose <i>shikona</i> associated with their birthplace. For example, wrestlers from <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a> often use the first character of <i>Hokkaidō</i>, north<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">北</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">hoku or kita</i></span>)</span> in their <i>shikona</i>, producing names such as <a href="/wiki/Hokutoumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokutoumi">Hokutoumi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kitanoumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitanoumi">Kitanoumi</a>. </p><p>Wrestlers that show promise may also take the <i>shikona</i> of a well-respected wrestler of the past to whom they have some sort of connection, such as being from the same stable or being a close relative. A historic example of wrestlers from the same stable are the two <a href="/wiki/Umegatani_T%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Umegatani Tōtarō (disambiguation)">Umegatani Tōtarō</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">梅ヶ谷藤太郎</span></span>)</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Yokozuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Yokozuna">yokozuna</a></i>, while <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnishiki" title="Ōnishiki">Ōnishiki</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大錦</span></span>)</span> is a time-honoured name at Dewanoumi stable. The Hawaiian <a href="/wiki/Konishiki_Yasokichi" title="Konishiki Yasokichi">Saleva'a Atisano'e</a> was given the prestigious <i>shikona</i> of <a href="/wiki/Konishiki_Yasokichi_I" title="Konishiki Yasokichi I">Konishiki Yasokichi</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">小錦八十吉</span></span>)</span> when he joined <a href="/wiki/Takasago_stable" title="Takasago stable">Takasago stable</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-japtimes_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-japtimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of a wrestler taking the <i>shikona</i> of a close relative is the former <i>ōzeki</i> <a href="/wiki/Tochiazuma_Daisuke" title="Tochiazuma Daisuke">Tochiazuma Daisuke</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">栃東大裕</span></span>)</span>, who adopted the Tochiazuma name from his father, former <i><a href="/wiki/Sekiwake" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekiwake">sekiwake</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Tochiazuma_Tomoyori" title="Tochiazuma Tomoyori">Tochiazuma Tomoyori</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">栃東知頼</span></span>)</span>. </p><p>Wrestlers occasionally change their ring names in an effort to improve their luck, reinvigorate themselves, or for other personal reasons. For example <a href="/wiki/Koto%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB_Katsunori" title="Kotoōshū Katsunori">Kotoōshū Katsunori</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">琴欧洲勝紀</span></span>)</span>, whose performance had been disappointing since promotion to <i>ōzeki</i> made a subtle change to the last character of his name, with <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">州</span></span>)</span> becoming <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">洲</span></span>)</span>, in a bid for better results. <a href="/wiki/Kai%C5%8D_Hiroyuki" title="Kaiō Hiroyuki">Kaiō</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">魁皇</span></span>)</span> was originally <a href="/wiki/Kanji#Readings" title="Kanji">read</a> as Kaikō when he adopted the name, but he later switched to Kaiō, which he felt was stronger-sounding. The low-ranker Hattorizakura, known for his extreme lack of success with just three career wins to 209 losses, changed his <i>shikona</i> in January 2021 to Shōnanzakura, a reference to the <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnan" title="Shōnan">Shōnan</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Kanagawa_Prefecture" title="Kanagawa Prefecture">Kanagawa Prefecture</a> where he is from, but also using the kanji for "victory."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A few wrestlers, such as <a href="/wiki/End%C5%8D_Sh%C5%8Dta" title="Endō Shōta">Endō Shōta</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">遠藤聖大</span></span>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Ddai_Naoya" title="Shōdai Naoya">Shōdai Naoya</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">正代直也</span></span>)</span> and <a href="/wiki/Takayasu_Akira" title="Takayasu Akira">Takayasu Akira</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">高安晃</span></span>)</span>, have kept their real family names as their <i>shikona</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-gunning0527_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunning0527-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Wajima" title="Hiroshi Wajima">Hiroshi Wajima</a> was the only <i><a href="/wiki/Yokozuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Yokozuna">yokozuna</a></i> to have kept his real family name. </p><p>Foreign wrestlers usually take a <i>shikona</i> at the outset of their careers. Much more often than Japanese wrestlers, they are often <i>shikona</i> that give a clue as to their origin: the names of Russian brothers <a href="/wiki/Roh%C5%8D_Yukio" title="Rohō Yukio">Rohō Yukio</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">露鵬幸生</span></span>)</span> and <a href="/wiki/Hakurozan_Y%C5%ABta" title="Hakurozan Yūta">Hakurozan Yūta</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">白露山佑太</span></span>)</span> both include the character <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">露</span></span>)</span>, which is an abbreviation for Russia<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">露西亞</span></span>)</span>. Kotoōshū<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">琴欧州</span></span>)</span> contains the characters Europe<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">欧州</span></span>)</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-japtimes_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-japtimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the <i>shikona</i> of Karoyan Andō, a Bulgarian and the first European to reach the <i>makuuchi</i> (top) division. American <a href="/wiki/Henry_Armstrong_Miller" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Armstrong Miller">Henry Armstrong Miller</a> wrestled under the <i>shikona</i> fighting war dragon<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">戦闘竜</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Sentoryū</i></span>)</span>, which is also homophonous with <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, his city of origin. Mongolian wrestlers are often identifiable by their use of the characters eagle<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">鷲</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">washi</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>, horse<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">馬</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">uma, ma, or ba</i></span>)</span>, wolf<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">狼</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">rō</i></span>)</span>, or dragon<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">竜 or 龍</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">ryū</i></span>)</span>, which are all venerated in Mongolia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shikona&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_sumo_terms" title="Glossary of sumo terms">Glossary of sumo terms</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shikona&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-japtimes-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-japtimes_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-japtimes_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-japtimes_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a 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.cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGunning2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Gunning_(journalist)" title="John Gunning (journalist)">Gunning, John</a> (11 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2018/09/11/sumo/sumo-101-ring-names/#.XIKhjuSWymQ">"Sumo 101: Ring names"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Japan_Times" title="The Japan Times">The Japan Times</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sumo+101%3A+Ring+names&rft.pub=The+Japan+Times&rft.date=2018-09-11&rft.aulast=Gunning&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fsports%2F2018%2F09%2F11%2Fsumo%2Fsumo-101-ring-names%2F%23.XIKhjuSWymQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShikona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20210111/p2a/00m/0sp/009000c">"News Navigator: What are the rules for sumo wrestlers' ring names?"</a>. <i>The Mainichi</i>. 12 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Mainichi&rft.atitle=News+Navigator%3A+What+are+the+rules+for+sumo+wrestlers%27+ring+names%3F&rft.date=2021-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmainichi.jp%2Fenglish%2Farticles%2F20210111%2Fp2a%2F00m%2F0sp%2F009000c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShikona" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gunning0527-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gunning0527_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunning2020" class="citation web cs1">Gunning, John (27 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2020/05/27/sumo/yusei-nakanishi-gets-new-shikona-whats-ring-name/#.Xs6aTuSWyUm">"Yusei Nakanishi gets new shikona, but what's in a ring name?"</a>. <i>Japan Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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family name affixes">Affixes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobiliary_particle" title="Nobiliary particle">Nobiliary particle</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By sequence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_name" class="mw-redirect" title="First name">First name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">Middle name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Last name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By trait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">Diminutive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-barrelled_name" title="Double-barrelled name">Double-barrelled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">Epithet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_epithet" title="Animal epithet">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_people_by_epithet" title="Lists of people by epithet">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_epithet" title="Plant epithet">Plant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">Eponymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matronymic" title="Matronymic">Matronymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">Metonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mononymous_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Mononymous person">Mononymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational name">Occupational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">Patronymic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Patronymic_surname" title="Patronymic surname">Surname</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">Sobriquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknonymy" title="Teknonymy">Teknonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">Toponymic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toponymic_surname" title="Toponymic surname">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrial_name" title="Patrial name">Patrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_name" title="Unisex name">Unisex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_name" title="Virtue name">Virtue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By life situation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aptronym" title="Aptronym">Aptronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_name" title="Code name">Code name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">Maiden and married names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necronym" title="Necronym">Necronym</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">Temple name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placeholder_name" title="Placeholder name">Placeholder name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notname" title="Notname">Notname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_name" title="Slave name">Slave name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">Pseudonyms</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudonyms" title="List of pseudonyms">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bug%C5%8D" title="Bugō">Bugō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">Nicknames</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_nicknames" title="Lists of nicknames">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocorism" title="Hypocorism">Hypocorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_by_nickname" title="List of monarchs by nickname">Monarchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_guerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nom de guerre">Nom de guerre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">Pen name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heteronym_(literature)" title="Heteronym (literature)">Heteronym</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_name" title="Ring name">Ring name</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shikona</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_name" title="Stage name">Stage name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stage_names" title="List of stage names">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_one-word_stage_names" title="List of one-word stage names">Mononyms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Username" class="mw-redirect" title="Username">Username</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By culture<br /><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amami_name" title="Amami name">Amami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">Courtesy</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Generation_name" title="Generation name">Generation</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_titles" title="Chinese titles">Titles</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_name" title="Korean name">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_name" title="Manchu name">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_name" title="Okinawan name">Okinawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Naming customs of Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Indigenous Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_name" title="Vietnamese name">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Asia<br />and Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_name" title="Kalmyk name">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_name" title="Mongolian name">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakut names">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_name" title="Tibetan name">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a><br />and Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_name" title="Afghan name">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_name" title="Arabic name">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_name" title="Azerbaijani name">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berber name (page does not exist)">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic name">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun name">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_name" title="Persian name">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_name" title="Somali name">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_name" title="Tatar name">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_name" title="Turkish name">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_kinship" title="Australian Aboriginal kinship">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_name" title="Fijian name">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_name" title="Hawaiian name">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_naming_customs" title="Māori naming customs">Māori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_names" title="Akan names">Ashanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_naming_customs" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo naming customs">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_in_Eritrea_and_Ethiopia" title="Naming conventions in Eritrea and Ethiopia">Eritrean and Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewe_language#Naming_system" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_name" title="Ghanaian name">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_name" title="Igbo name">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_name" title="Yoruba name">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_names" title="Zimbabwean names">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_name" title="Albanian name">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_name" title="Armenian name">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_surname#Ashkenazi_Jewry" title="Jewish surname">Ashkenazi Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_surnames" title="Basque surnames">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian name (page does not exist)">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_name" title="Finnish name">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_name" title="Georgian name">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_name" title="Greek name">Greek</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_personal_names" title="Ancient Greek personal names">Ancient Greek</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_name" title="Greek Cypriot name">Cypriot</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_names" title="Hungarian names">Hungarian</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_name" title="Latvian name">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_name" title="Lithuanian name">Lithuanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_onomastics" title="Celtic onomastics">Celtic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_surnames" title="Cornish surnames">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_name" title="Irish name">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_surnames" title="Manx surnames">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_name" title="Scottish Gaelic name">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_surnames" title="Welsh surnames">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_name" title="Germanic name">Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_name" title="Dutch name">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_name" title="English name">English</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">African-American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Canadian_name" title="Canadian name">Canadian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_name" title="Hong Kong name">Hongkongese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_name" title="German name">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_name" title="Gothic name">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_family_name_etymology" title="Scandinavian family name etymology">Scandinavian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Swedish_name" title="Swedish name">Swedish</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan name">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_name" title="French name">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_name" title="Italian name">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occitan_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occitan name (page does not exist)">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_name" title="Portuguese name">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions" title="Roman naming conventions">Roman</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Praenomen" title="Praenomen">Praenomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Nomen_(Roman_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomen (Roman name)">Nomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cognomen" title="Cognomen">Cognomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Agnomen" title="Agnomen">Agnomen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_name" title="Romanian name">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_naming_customs" title="Spanish naming customs">Spanish</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Hispanic_America" title="Naming customs of Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_names" title="Slavic names">Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_name" title="Bulgarian name">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_name" title="Croatian name">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_name" title="Czech name">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_name" title="Belarusian name">Belarusian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Russian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_name" title="Ukrainian name">Ukrainian</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashubian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kashubian name (page does not exist)">Kashubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_onomastics" title="Macedonian onomastics">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish name">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_name" title="Serbian name">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_name" title="Slovak name">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_name_suffixes" title="Slavic name suffixes">Suffixes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indosphere" title="Indosphere">Indosphere</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_name" title="Balinese name">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese name">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_name" title="Filipino name">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_names" title="Indonesian names">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_surname" title="Chinese Indonesian surname">Chinese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_name" title="Javanese name">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer name">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_names" title="Malaysian names">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_name" title="Indian name">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_name" title="Lao name">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_name" title="Sinhalese name">Sinhalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_of_ancient_Tamil_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Naming conventions of ancient Tamil country">Ancient Tamil country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_name" title="Thai name">Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_name" title="Religious name">By religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_name" title="Christian name">Christian name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_names" title="List of biblical names">Biblical name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_name" title="Papal name">Papal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint%27s_name" title="Saint's name">Saint's name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_surname" title="Buddhist surname">Buddhist surname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_name" title="Dharma name">Dharma name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_name" title="Jewish name">Jewish name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_name" title="Hebrew name">Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">Theophoric name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manners of address<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles" title="List of titles">List</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Title_of_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Title of authority">of authority</a>/<a href="/wiki/Title_of_honor" title="Title of honor">of honour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">Honorific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_styles" title="Royal and noble styles">Imperial, royal, and noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary styles">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters" title="Pre-nominal letters">Pre-nominal letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffix_(name)" title="Suffix (name)">Suffix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">Emeritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">Post-nominal letters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Orders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Award" title="Award">decorations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">medals</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Title" title="Title">Titles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">Chivalric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">Courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_titles_of_nobility" title="False titles of nobility">False</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_title" title="Hereditary title">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_title" title="Subsidiary title">Subsidiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_title" title="Substantive title">Substantive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional titles">Professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic ranks">Academic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_degree" title="Professional degree">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_title_(academic)" title="Honorary title (academic)">Honorary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_title" title="Corporate title">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial titles">Judicial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_titles" title="Papal titles">Papal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_day" title="Name day">Name day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">Acronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">Anonymity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">Anthropomorphism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personification" title="Personification">Personification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">National</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">Call sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadnaming" title="Deadnaming">Deadnaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">Endonym and exonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galton%E2%80%93Watson_process" title="Galton–Watson process">Galton–Watson process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_name" title="Legal name">Legal name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Name_change" title="Name change">Name change</a></li></ul></li> <li>List <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_popular_given_names" title="List of most popular given names">Given</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_most_common_surnames" title="Lists of most common surnames">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Namesake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">Naming taboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature" title="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_nescio" title="Nomen nescio">Nomen nescio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misnomer" title="Misnomer">Misnomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onomastics" title="Onomastics">Onomastics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/-onym" title="-onym">-onym</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_identity" title="Personal identity">Personal identity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identifier" title="Identifier">Identifier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper name">Proper name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signature" title="Signature">Signature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monogram" title="Monogram">Monogram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">Royal cypher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khelrtva" title="Khelrtva">Khelrtva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signum_manus" title="Signum manus">Signum manus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughra" title="Tughra">Tughra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_names" title="Category:Lists of names">Category:Lists of names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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