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itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumb-nav__item item-current item-tag-104 item-tag-icecube"> <a itemprop="item" href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/icecube/" class="breadcrumb-nav__link bread-current bread-tag-104 bread-tag-icecube" title="Tag: IceCube" aria-current="page"> <span itemprop="name">Tag: IceCube</span> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"> </a> </li> </ol> </nav> <div id="page" class="content"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <header class="page-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">IceCube</h1> </header> <article id="post-11401" class="post-11401 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-awards-and-honors category-particle-physics category-wipac tag-bernice-durand tag-bov tag-faculty-fellowship tag-icecube"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">Ke Fang named inaugural recipient of the Bernice Durand Faculty Fellowship</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2024/05/08/fang-durand-fellowship/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2024-05-08T10:01:04-05:00">May 8, 2024</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>The Department of Physics is pleased to announce that Ke Fang, assistant professor of physics and <a href="https://wipac.wisc.edu/">WIPAC</a> investigator, has received the inaugural Bernice Durand Faculty Fellowship. This fellowship, given in honor of late Professor Emerit of Physics Bernice Durand, recognizes Fang’s major contributions to the analysis of data from the NASA Fermi satellite, the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) telescope and IceCube, and for fundamental theoretical insights in their multimessenger context. Fang is a <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2024/02/20/ke-fang-named-sloan-fellow/">Sloan Fellow</a>, has been awarded an <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2023/05/04/ke-fang-earns-nsf-career-award/">NSF CAREER award</a>, and is the spokesperson for the <a href="https://www.hawc-observatory.org/">HAWC experiment</a>.</p> <figure id="attachment_11402" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="max-width: 640px;" aria-label="Department Chair and professor Mark Eriksson (left) presents assistant professor Ke Fang with the Bernice Durand Faculty Fellowship at the department awards banquet in May 2024."><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/20240503_090-scaled.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="size-large wp-image-11402" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/20240503_090-1024x683.jpg" alt="a man and a woman smile while both holding a framed award certificate" width="640" height="427" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/20240503_090-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/20240503_090-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/20240503_090-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/20240503_090-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/20240503_090-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/20240503_090-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/20240503_090-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/20240503_090-900x600.jpg 900w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Department Chair and professor Mark Eriksson (left) presents assistant professor Ke Fang with the Bernice Durand Faculty Fellowship at the department awards banquet in May 2024.</figcaption></figure> <p>Durand was one of the first two women professors in the UW–Madison Department of Physics. While at UW–Madison, Durand was a theoretical physicist who specialized in particle theory and mathematical physics. Her research was on symmetry relations in algebra and physics, plus the phenomenology of high-energy interactions at large particle accelerators.</p> <p>As the first Associate Vice Chancellor for Diversity & Climate, Professor Durand provided leadership to ensure that faculty, staff, and student diversity issues including race, ethnicity, gender, sexual preference, and classroom and general campus workplace climate issues be addressed, and that search committees for non-classified staff be trained in broadening the pool of applicants and eliminating implicit bias. Durand co-directed a grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to the UW System designed to create more equity, flexibility and career options for faculty and academic staff. She was also a member of the leadership team of the Women in Science and Engineering Leadership Institute sponsored by the National Science Foundation to increase the participation and status of women in science.</p> <p>A recipient of the Chancellor’s Award for Outstanding Teaching, Professor Durand taught courses at all levels, from modern physics for non-scientists (“Physics for Poets”) to a specialized course she developed for advanced graduate students in the use of topology and algebra in quantum field theory. In the mid 1990s, she used technological and pedagogical techniques in her teaching, such as broadcasting her modern physics for non-scientists course on public television with web-based coursework, and pioneering one of two early versions of MOOCs (massive open online courses) on campus.</p> <p>Durand <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2022/02/22/theoretical-physicist-bernice-durand-was-a-leader-of-gender-equity-on-campus-and-in-her-field/">passed away in 2022</a>.</p> <p>The Bernice Durand Faculty Fellowship was conceived by our <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/people/board-of-visitors/">Board of Visitors</a>, who spearheaded the ultimately-successful fundraising effort, with support from Professor Emerit Randy Durand for this fellowship honoring his wife.</p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/awards-and-honors/" rel="category tag">Awards and Honors</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/particle-physics/" rel="category tag">particle physics</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/wipac/" rel="category tag">WIPAC</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/bernice-durand/" rel="tag">Bernice Durand</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/bov/" rel="tag">BOV</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/faculty-fellowship/" rel="tag">faculty fellowship</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/icecube/" rel="tag">IceCube</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-10532" class="post-10532 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-astrophysics category-awards-and-honors category-wipac tag-icecube tag-sloan tag-sloan-fellow"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">Ke Fang named Sloan Fellow</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2024/02/20/ke-fang-named-sloan-fellow/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2024-02-20T12:06:45-06:00">February 20, 2024</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p><em>This story is <a href="https://news.wisc.edu/two-uw-madison-researchers-receive-prestigious-sloan-fellowships/">adapted from one</a> published by University Communications</em></p> <figure id="attachment_2048" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="max-width: 222px;" aria-label="Ke Fang"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ke_Fang.jpg"><img decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-2048" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ke_Fang-222x300.jpg" alt="profile photo of Ke Fang" width="222" height="300" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ke_Fang-222x300.jpg 222w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ke_Fang.jpg 335w" sizes="(max-width: 222px) 100vw, 222px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Ke Fang</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/fang-ke/">Ke Fang</a>, assistant professor of Physics and WIPAC investigator, is among 126 scientists across the United States and Canada selected as Sloan Research Fellows.</p> <p>The fellowships, awarded annually since 1955, honor exceptional scientists whose creativity, innovation and research accomplishments make them stand out as future leaders in their fields.</p> <p>Using data from the Ice Cube Observatory and Fermi Large Area Telescope along with numerical simulations, Fang studies the origin of subatomic particles — like neutrinos — that reach Earth from across the universe.</p> <p>“Sloan Research Fellowships are extraordinarily competitive awards involving the nominations of the most inventive and impactful early-career scientists across the U.S. and Canada,” says Adam F. Falk, president of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. “We look forward to seeing how fellows take leading roles shaping the research agenda within their respective fields.”</p> <p>Founded in 1934, the Sloan Foundation is a not-for-profit institution dedicated to improving the welfare of all through the advancement of scientific knowledge.</p> <p>Sloan Fellows are chosen in seven fields — chemistry, computer science, Earth system science, economics, mathematics, neuroscience and physics — based on nomination and consideration by fellow scientists. The 2024 cohort comes from 53 institutions and a field that included more than 1,000 nominees. Winners receive a two-year, $75,000 fellowship that can be used flexibly to advance their research.</p> <p>Among <a href="https://sloan.org/fellows-database">current and former Sloan Fellows</a>, 57 have won a Nobel Prize, 71 have been awarded the National Medal of Science, 17 have won the Fields Medal in mathematics and 23 have won the John Bates Clark Medal in economics.</p> <p><a href="https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~yxy/">Xiangyao Yu,</a> assistant professor of computer sciences at UW–Madison, was also named a Sloan Fellow.</p> <p> </p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/astrophysics/" rel="category tag">Astrophysics</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/awards-and-honors/" rel="category tag">Awards and Honors</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/wipac/" rel="category tag">WIPAC</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/icecube/" rel="tag">IceCube</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/sloan/" rel="tag">Sloan</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/sloan-fellow/" rel="tag">Sloan Fellow</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-10477" class="post-10477 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-wipac tag-icecube tag-psl"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">First field season for IceCube Upgrade ongoing at the South Pole</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2024/02/02/first-field-season-for-icecube-upgrade-ongoing-at-the-south-pole/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2024-02-02T10:17:55-06:00">February 2, 2024</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Over the past two months, a team of IceCube drill engineers have completed an impressive amount of work during the first of three consecutive field seasons for the <a href="https://icecube.wisc.edu/news/press-releases/2019/07/nsf-mid-scale-award-sets-off-first-extension-of-icecube/">IceCube Upgrade</a>. The project is funded by the National Science Foundation and international collaborators.</p> <p>The goal of the project is to drill seven holes in 2025/2026 and deploy seven more closely spaced and more densely instrumented strings of sensors in the central part of the array, which will improve IceCube’s sensitivity to low energies. Having a productive first field season both sets the Upgrade project up for success and trains the new generation of drillers at the South Pole.</p> <p>The majority of the team’s engineers come from the University of Wisconsin–Madison’s <a href="http://uwpsl.wisc.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL)</a>, where equipment is fabricated and shipped to the South Pole. Additional drill engineers hail from Sweden, New Zealand, and for the first time, Thailand.</p> <p>“This year’s drill team is a group of 17 talented professionals who have completed an enormous amount of work,” says Kurt Studt, drill engineer at PSL and the on-ice drill manager for the Upgrade. “We’ve overcome many difficult challenges while dealing with the extreme environment at the South Pole, including temperatures as low as -35 ⁰F and windchills below -60 ⁰F.”</p> <p style="text-align: center"><a class="uw-button uw-button-red" href="https://icecube.wisc.edu/news/icecube-gen2/2024/02/first-field-season-for-icecube-upgrade-ongoing-at-the-south-pole/">Read the full story</a></p> <figure id="attachment_10478" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="max-width: 640px;" aria-label="The IFD “carrot” drill head (left) drills a 40-meter hole in the firn (right). Credit: Kurt Studt, IceCube/NSF"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-02-at-10.14.11 AM.png"><img decoding="async" class="size-large wp-image-10478" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-02-at-10.14.11 AM-1024x676.png" alt="a metal coiled cone on the left, and the hole it drilled in Antarctic ice on the right" width="640" height="423" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-02-at-10.14.11 AM-1024x676.png 1024w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-02-at-10.14.11 AM-300x198.png 300w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-02-at-10.14.11 AM-768x507.png 768w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-02-at-10.14.11 AM-1200x792.png 1200w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-02-at-10.14.11 AM.png 1446w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">The IFD “carrot” drill head (left) drills a 40-meter hole in the firn (right). Credit: Kurt Studt, IceCube/NSF</figcaption></figure> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/wipac/" rel="category tag">WIPAC</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/icecube/" rel="tag">IceCube</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/psl/" rel="tag">PSL</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-9793" class="post-9793 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-awards-and-honors category-particle-physics category-wipac tag-astroparticle tag-awards tag-cosmic-rays tag-icecube tag-neutrinos"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">Lu Lu receives 2023 IUPAP Early Career Scientist Prize</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2023/07/27/lu-lu-receives-2023-iupap-early-career-scientist-prize/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2023-07-27T14:44:53-05:00">July 27, 2023</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p><a href="https://wipac.wisc.edu/lu-lu-receives-2023-iupap-early-career-scientist-prize/"><em>This story was originally posted by WIPAC</em></a></p> <p>IceCube collaborator and UW–Madison assistant professor of physics Lu Lu received a 2023 International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) <a href="https://iupap.org/who-we-are/internal-organization/commissions/c4-astroparticle-physics/c4-awards/#young" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" data-type="URL" data-id="https://iupap.org/who-we-are/internal-organization/commissions/c4-astroparticle-physics/c4-awards/#young">Early Career Scientist Prize</a> “for her contributions to the development of high energy neutrino astronomy in the PeV energy region.” Lu accepted the award on July 27 during the opening ceremony at the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC) held in Nagoya, Japan.</p> <figure id="attachment_2049" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="max-width: 267px;" aria-label="Lu Lu"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Lu_Lu_480-e1590180599326.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-2049 size-medium" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Lu_Lu_480-e1590180599326-267x300.jpg" alt="profile photo of Lu Lu" width="267" height="300" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Lu_Lu_480-e1590180599326-267x300.jpg 267w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Lu_Lu_480-e1590180599326.jpg 480w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 267px) 100vw, 267px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Lu Lu</figcaption></figure> <p>Early Career Scientist Prizes are given to early career scientists within each IUPAP commission who have up to eight years of postdoctoral research experience and have made significant contributions to the cosmic ray field. Lu is a recipient of the Early Career Scientist Prize in the Commission on Astroparticle Physics (C4).</p> <p>Her PhD work focused on developing a novel technique to search for ultra-high-energy photons using data from the Pierre Auger Observatory. She also played a leading role in the initial design of the “Dual optical sensors in an Ellipsoid Glass for Gen2” (<a href="https://icecube.wisc.edu/news/collaboration/2019/07/icecube-upgrade-an-international-effort/">D-Egg</a>), a two-PMT optical module for the <a href="https://icecube.wisc.edu/news/press-releases/2019/07/nsf-mid-scale-award-sets-off-first-extension-of-icecube/">IceCube Upgrade</a>.</p> <p>More recently, she made key contributions to the <a href="https://icecube.wisc.edu/news/press-releases/2018/07/icecube-neutrinos-point-to-long-sought-cosmic-ray-accelerator/">multimessenger correlation studies</a> of the neutrino source candidate TXS0506+056 and to the <a href="https://icecube.wisc.edu/news/press-releases/2021/03/icecube-detection-of-a-high-energy-particle-proves-60-year-old-theory/">detection of a particle shower</a> associated with the hadronic decay of a resonant W boson.</p> <p>Lu is currently an assistant professor of physics at the Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center (WIPAC) at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Her current research focuses on diffuse high-energy astrophysical/cosmogenic neutrinos from TeV to EeV, Galactic PeVatron detection in the context of multimessenger observations, and the exploration of potential transient ultra-high-energy sources.</p> <p>She is actively involved in IceCube outreach initiatives and has pioneered the development of an <a href="https://icecube.wisc.edu/news/outreach/2020/10/from-outer-space-to-south-pole-to-your-phone-new-ar-app-for-icecube/">app</a> that provides IceCube real-time alerts via augmented reality on mobile devices. Currently, she serves as co-lead of the diffuse science working group in IceCube and is one of three representatives of the physical science group of <a href="https://usscar.org/about">US-SCAR</a> (Scientific Committee of Antarctic Research).</p> <p>“I would like to express my deep appreciation for my collaborators and for those who work on foundational tasks such as reconstructions and calibrations, as their efforts behind the scenes make groundbreaking discoveries possible,” said Lu. “As early career scientists, we bear the responsibility of continuing and expanding experiments in the particle astrophysics field. We must collaborate and work together to ensure that the next generation of young scientists will have exciting discoveries to make.”</p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/awards-and-honors/" rel="category tag">Awards and Honors</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/particle-physics/" rel="category tag">particle physics</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/wipac/" rel="category tag">WIPAC</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/astroparticle/" rel="tag">astroparticle</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/awards/" rel="tag">awards</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/cosmic-rays/" rel="tag">cosmic rays</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/icecube/" rel="tag">IceCube</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/neutrinos/" rel="tag">neutrinos</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-9680" class="post-9680 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-research category-wipac tag-icecube tag-multimessenger tag-neutrinos tag-particle-physics tag-wipac"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">IceCube shows Milky Way galaxy is a neutrino desert</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2023/06/29/icecube-shows-milky-way-galaxy-is-a-neutrino-desert/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2023-06-29T14:21:01-05:00">June 29, 2023</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <img width="1200" height="675" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/icecube-MW-neutrino-1600x900-1-1200x675.jpeg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="a red-lit IceCube lab (a metal modern-looking lab building stationed at the south pole) with the white swirl of the Milky Way behind it is in a photo, with an artists rendering of a stream of neutrinos (greek letter nu) streams out of the center of the Milky Way" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/icecube-MW-neutrino-1600x900-1-1200x675.jpeg 1200w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/icecube-MW-neutrino-1600x900-1-300x169.jpeg 300w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/icecube-MW-neutrino-1600x900-1-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/icecube-MW-neutrino-1600x900-1-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/icecube-MW-neutrino-1600x900-1-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/icecube-MW-neutrino-1600x900-1.jpeg 1600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /><p>The Milky Way galaxy is an awe-inspiring feature of the night sky, dominating all wavelengths of light and viewable with the naked eye as a hazy band of stars stretching from horizon to horizon. Now,</p> <p>In a June 30 article in the journal Science, the IceCube Collaboration — an international group of more than 350 scientists — presents this new evidence of high-energy neutrino emission from the Milky Way. The findings indicate that the Milky Way produces far fewer neutrinos than the average distant galaxies.</p> <p>“What’s intriguing is that, unlike the case for light of any wavelength, in neutrinos, the universe outshines the nearby sources in our own galaxy,” says <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/halzen-francis-l/">Francis Halzen</a>, a professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and principal investigator at IceCube.</p> <p>The IceCube search focused on the southern sky, where the bulk of neutrino emission from the galactic plane is expected near the center of the galaxy. However, until now, a background of neutrinos and other particles produced by cosmic-ray interactions with the Earth’s atmosphere made it difficult to parse out neutrinos originating from galactic sources — a significant challenge compounded by relatively sparse neutrino production in general.</p> <p style="text-align: center"><a class="uw-button uw-button-red" href="https://news.wisc.edu/icecube-shows-milky-way-galaxy-is-a-neutrino-desert/">Read the full story</a></p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/research/" rel="category tag">Research</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/wipac/" rel="category tag">WIPAC</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/icecube/" rel="tag">IceCube</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/multimessenger/" rel="tag">multimessenger</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/neutrinos/" rel="tag">neutrinos</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/particle-physics/" rel="tag">particle physics</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/wipac/" rel="tag">WIPAC</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-9261" class="post-9261 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-awards-and-honors tag-astrophysics tag-gamma-rays tag-hawc tag-icecube tag-multimessenger tag-neutrinos tag-nsf tag-particle-physics tag-wipac"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">Ke Fang earns NSF CAREER award</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2023/05/04/ke-fang-earns-nsf-career-award/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2023-05-04T10:02:06-05:00">May 4, 2023</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <figure id="attachment_2048" class="wp-caption alignright" style="max-width: 222px;" aria-label="Ke Fang"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ke_Fang.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-2048" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ke_Fang-222x300.jpg" alt="profile photo of Ke Fang" width="222" height="300" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ke_Fang-222x300.jpg 222w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ke_Fang.jpg 335w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 222px) 100vw, 222px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Ke Fang</figcaption></figure> <p>Congrats to <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/fang-ke/">Ke Fang</a>, assistant professor of physics, <a href="https://wipac.wisc.edu/">WIPAC</a> faculty member, and HAWC spokesperson, on earning an NSF CAREER award! CAREER awards are NSF’s most prestigious awards in support of early-career faculty who have the potential to serve as academic role models in research and education and to lead advances in the mission of their department or organization.</p> <p>Fang’s award is sponsored by the NSF Windows on the Universe: Multimessenger Astrophysics program. In multimessenger astrophysics, scientists search for multiple high energy signals to identify their sources and learn more about the makeup of our universe. WIPAC hosts both the IceCube neutrino telescope and the HAWC gamma ray telescope, and Fang says she is excited to have access to high-quality data from both. In her NSF proposal, she plans to use that data in two ways.</p> <p>“One is evolving novel data analysis techniques to study the problems that remain outstanding, such as the source of high-energy neutrinos,” Fang says. “The second part is once we have these data analysis results, then we’ll use numerical simulations to understand our observations.”</p> <p>In addition to an innovative research component, NSF proposals require that the research has broader societal impacts, such as working toward greater inclusion in STEM or increasing public understanding of science. Once again, Fang finds herself well-positioned at WIPAC, where the outreach team has developed Master Classes, a one-day event where high school students come to WIPAC, spend time with scientists, and learn about topics not typically covered in high school physics class. Currently, the students learn about IceCube’s instrumentation and how to analyze the complex detector data.</p> <p>“The course is already well designed, but from my perspective, I use a lot of numerical simulation in my research, so one thing I proposed to do is that I would design a module that would incorporate some of these modern numerical study techniques into the master class,” Fang says. “The students will now learn how to study physics using supercomputers, using numerical simulations.”</p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/awards-and-honors/" rel="category tag">Awards and Honors</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/astrophysics/" rel="tag">astrophysics</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/gamma-rays/" rel="tag">gamma rays</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/hawc/" rel="tag">HAWC</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/icecube/" rel="tag">IceCube</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/multimessenger/" rel="tag">multimessenger</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/neutrinos/" rel="tag">neutrinos</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/nsf/" rel="tag">NSF</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/particle-physics/" rel="tag">particle physics</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/wipac/" rel="tag">WIPAC</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-8984" class="post-8984 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-wipac tag-citizen-science tag-icecube tag-neutrinos tag-wipac"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">Help IceCube decode signals from outer space in new Citizen Science project</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2023/03/16/help-icecube-decode-signals-from-outer-space-in-new-citizen-science-project/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2023-03-16T15:32:52-05:00">March 16, 2023</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Every second, about 100 trillion neutrinos pass through your body unnoticed. At the South Pole, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory detects these elusive particles and works to identify their astronomical origins to help unlock mysteries of the universe. Such an undertaking requires a massive amount of data, with one terabyte of data recorded daily by IceCube. But organizing the data can be labor intensive. This is where the public can help.</p> <p>Starting today, volunteers from anywhere can participate in the <a href="https://www.zooniverse.org/projects/icecubeobservatory/name-that-neutrino" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.zooniverse.org/projects/icecubeobservatory/name-that-neutrino">Name that Neutrino</a> project led by IceCube researchers at Drexel University, which asks users to categorize IceCube data. Through the Zooniverse platform, volunteers can join in from the convenience of their own computer or phone. Name that Neutrino is open to everyone and will run for about 10 weeks.</p> <p><em>Read the full story at <a href="https://icecube.wisc.edu/news/2023/03/help-icecube-decode-signals-from-outer-space/">https://icecube.wisc.edu/news/2023/03/help-icecube-decode-signals-from-outer-space/</a></em></p> <p><em>Want to get involved? Here’s how:</em></p> <ol> <li><em>Click on the link: </em><a href="https://www.zooniverse.org/projects/icecubeobservatory/name-that-neutrino"><em>https://www.zooniverse.org/projects/icecubeobservatory/name-that-neutrino</em></a><em> </em></li> <li><em>Click “Get Started” to begin.</em></li> <li><em>Click “Tutorial” to learn about how to classify signals.</em></li> <li><em>Watch the brief video and pick one of the five categories for signals.</em></li> <li><em>Check out the “Field Guide” for more examples and information.</em></li> </ol> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/wipac/" rel="category tag">WIPAC</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/citizen-science/" rel="tag">citizen science</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/icecube/" rel="tag">IceCube</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/neutrinos/" rel="tag">neutrinos</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/wipac/" rel="tag">WIPAC</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-8312" class="post-8312 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-wipac tag-astrophysics tag-icecube tag-neutrinos tag-particle-physics tag-wipac"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">UW–Madison physicists key in revealing neutrinos emanating from galactic neighbor with a gigantic black hole</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2022/11/03/uw-madison-physicists-key-in-revealing-neutrinos-emanating-from-galactic-neighbor-with-a-gigantic-black-hole/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2022-11-03T13:59:13-05:00">November 3, 2022</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>On Earth, billions of subatomic particles called neutrinos pass through us every second, but we never notice because they rarely interact with matter. Because of this, neutrinos can travel straight paths over vast distances unimpeded, carrying information about their cosmic origins.</p> <p>Although most of these aptly named “ghost” particles detected on Earth originate from the Sun or our own atmosphere, some neutrinos come from the cosmos, far beyond our galaxy. These neutrinos, called astrophysical neutrinos, can provide valuable insight into some of the most powerful objects in the universe.</p> <p>For the first time, an international team of scientists has found evidence of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos emanating from the galaxy NGC 1068 in the constellation Cetus.</p> <p>The detection was made by the National Science Foundation-supported <a href="https://icecube.wisc.edu/">IceCube Neutrino Observatory</a>, a 1-billion-ton neutrino telescope made of scientific instruments and ice situated 1.5-2.5 kilometers below the surface at the South Pole.</p> <p>These new results, to be published tomorrow (Nov. 4, 2022) in Science, were shared in a presentation given today at the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery.</p> <p>“One neutrino can single out a source. But only an observation with multiple neutrinos will reveal the obscured core of the most energetic cosmic objects,” says <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/halzen-francis-l/">Francis Halzen</a>, a University of Wisconsin–Madison professor of physics and principal investigator of the IceCube project. “IceCube has accumulated some 80 neutrinos of teraelectronvolt energy from NGC 1068, which are not yet enough to answer all our questions, but they definitely are the next big step toward the realization of neutrino astronomy.”</p> <p>For the full story, please visit <a href="https://news.wisc.edu/uw-madison-scientists-and-staff-key-in-revealing-neutrinos-emanating-from-galactic-neighbor-with-a-gigantic-black-hole/">https://news.wisc.edu/uw-madison-scientists-and-staff-key-in-revealing-neutrinos-emanating-from-galactic-neighbor-with-a-gigantic-black-hole/</a></p> <p> </p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/wipac/" rel="category tag">WIPAC</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/astrophysics/" rel="tag">astrophysics</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/icecube/" rel="tag">IceCube</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/neutrinos/" rel="tag">neutrinos</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/particle-physics/" rel="tag">particle physics</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/wipac/" rel="tag">WIPAC</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-8304" class="post-8304 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-astrophysics category-graduate-students tag-high-energy tag-icecube tag-neutrinos tag-wipac"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">IceCube analysis indicates there are many high-energy astrophysical neutrino sources</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2022/10/31/icecube-analysis-indicates-there-are-many-high-energy-astrophysical-neutrino-sources/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2022-10-31T15:11:05-05:00">October 31, 2022</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <blockquote><p>This story was <a href="https://wipac.wisc.edu/icecube-analysis-indicates-there-are-many-high-energy-astrophysical-neutrino-sources/">originally published by WIPAC</a></p></blockquote> <p>Back in 2013, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory—a cubic-kilometer neutrino detector embedded in Antarctic ice—<a href="https://icecube.wisc.edu/news/press-releases/2013/11/icecube-pushes-neutrinos-to-forefront-of-astronomy/">announced the first observation</a> of high-energy (above 100 TeV) neutrinos originating from outside our solar system, spawning a new age in astronomy. Four years later, on September 22, 2017, a high-energy neutrino event was detected coincident with a gamma-ray flare from a cosmic particle accelerator, a blazar known as TXS 0506+056. The coincident observation provided the <a href="https://icecube.wisc.edu/news/press-releases/2018/07/icecube-neutrinos-point-to-long-sought-cosmic-ray-accelerator/">first evidence</a> for an extragalactic source of high-energy neutrinos.</p> <p>The identification of this source was possible thanks to IceCube’s real-time high-energy neutrino alert program, which notifies the community of directions and energies of individual neutrinos that are most likely to have come from astrophysical sources. These alerts trigger follow-up observations of electromagnetic waves from radio up to gamma-ray, aimed at pinpointing a possible astrophysical source of high-energy neutrinos. However, the sources of the vast majority of the measured diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos still remain a mystery, as do how many of those sources exist. Another mystery is whether the neutrino sources are steady or variable over time and, if variable, whether they vary over long or short time scales.</p> <p>In a paper recently submitted to <em>The Astrophysical Journal</em>, the IceCube Collaboration presents a follow-up search that looked for additional, lower-energy events in the direction of the high-energy alert events. The analysis looked at low- and high-energy events from 2011-2020 and was conducted to search for the coincidence in different time scales from 1,000 seconds up to one decade. Although the researchers did not find an excess of low-energy events across the searched time scales, they were able to constrain the abundance of astrophysical neutrino sources in the universe.</p> <figure id="attachment_8305" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="max-width: 640px;" aria-label="Map of high-energy neutrino candidates (“alert events”) detected by IceCube. The map is in celestial coordinates, with the Galactic plane indicated by a line and the Galactic center by a dot. Two contours are shown for each event, for 50% and 90% confidence in the localization on the sky. The color scale shows the “signalness” of each event, which quantifies the likelihood that each event is an astrophysical neutrino rather than a background event from Earth’s atmosphere. Credit: IceCube Collaboration"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/all_sky_contours-scaled.jpeg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-8305 size-large" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/all_sky_contours-1024x651.jpeg" alt="a map of celestial coordinates with ovoid lines shown as a heatmap of locations where neutrino candidate events likely originated" width="640" height="407" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/all_sky_contours-1024x651.jpeg 1024w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/all_sky_contours-300x191.jpeg 300w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/all_sky_contours-768x488.jpeg 768w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/all_sky_contours-1536x977.jpeg 1536w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/all_sky_contours-2048x1302.jpeg 2048w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/all_sky_contours-1200x763.jpeg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Map of high-energy neutrino candidates (“alert events”) detected by IceCube. The map is in celestial coordinates, with the Galactic plane indicated by a line and the Galactic center by a dot. Two contours are shown for each event, for 50% and 90% confidence in the localization on the sky. The color scale shows the “signalness” of each event, which quantifies the likelihood that each event is an astrophysical neutrino rather than a background event from Earth’s atmosphere. Credit: IceCube Collaboration</figcaption></figure> <p>This research also delves into the question of whether the astrophysical neutrino flux measured by IceCube is produced by a large number of weak sources or a small number of strong sources. To distinguish between the two possibilities, the researchers developed a statistical method that used two different sets of neutrinos: 1) alert events that have a high probability of being from an astrophysical source and 2) the gamma-ray follow-up (GFU) sample, where only about one to five out of 1,000 events per day are astrophysical.</p> <p>“If there are a lot of GFU events in the direction of the alerts, that’s a sign that neutrino sources are producing a lot of detectable neutrinos, which would mean there are only a few, bright sources,” explained recent UW–Madison PhD student Alex Pizzuto, a lead on the analysis who is now a software engineer at Google. “If you don’t see a lot of GFU events in the direction of alerts, this is an indication of the opposite, that there are many, dim sources that are responsible for the flux of neutrinos that IceCube detects.”</p> <figure id="attachment_8306" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="max-width: 640px;" aria-label="Constraints on the luminosity (power) of each individual source as a function of the number density of astrophysical neutrino sources (horizontal axis). Previous IceCube measurements of the total astrophysical neutrino flux indicate that the true combination of the two quantities must lie within the diagonal band marked “diffuse.” The results of the new analysis are shown as an upper limit, compared to the sensitivity, which shows the range of results expected from background alone (no additional signal neutrinos associated with the directions of alert events). The upper limit is above the sensitivity because there is a statistical excess in the result (p = 0.018). Credit: IceCube Collaboration"><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/upper_limit_steady.jpeg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-large wp-image-8306" src="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/upper_limit_steady-1024x679.jpeg" alt="a graph with power of each individual source on the y-axis and number density of astrophysical neutrino sources on the x-axis. there is a clear indirect relationship, with the lines starting in the upper left and moving toward the lower right of the graph. three "lines" are shown: an upper blue band that says "diffuse," a middle black lines that says "upper limit; this analysis" and a blue-green band that has +/-1 sigma sensitivity " width="640" height="424" srcset="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/upper_limit_steady-1024x679.jpeg 1024w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/upper_limit_steady-300x199.jpeg 300w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/upper_limit_steady-768x510.jpeg 768w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/upper_limit_steady-1536x1019.jpeg 1536w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/upper_limit_steady-1200x796.jpeg 1200w, https://www.physics.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/upper_limit_steady.jpeg 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Constraints on the luminosity (power) of each individual source as a function of the number density of astrophysical neutrino sources (horizontal axis). Previous IceCube measurements of the total astrophysical neutrino flux indicate that the true combination of the two quantities must lie within the diagonal band marked “diffuse.” The results of the new analysis are shown as an upper limit, compared to the sensitivity, which shows the range of results expected from background alone (no additional signal neutrinos associated with the directions of alert events). The upper limit is above the sensitivity because there is a statistical excess in the result (p = 0.018). Credit: IceCube Collaboration</figcaption></figure> <p>They interpreted the results using a simulation tool called FIRESONG, which looks at populations of neutrino sources and calculates the flux from each of these sources. The simulation was then used to determine if the simulated sources might be responsible for producing a neutrino event.</p> <p>“We did not find a clear excess of low-energy events associated with the high-energy alert events on any of the three time scales we analyzed,” said Justin Vandenbroucke, a physics professor at UW–Madison and colead of the analysis. “This implies that there are many astrophysical neutrino sources because, if there were few, we would detect additional events accompanying the high-energy alerts.”</p> <p>Future analyses will take advantage of larger IceCube data sets and higher quality data from improved calibration methods. With the completion of the larger next-generation telescope, IceCube-Gen2, researchers will be able to detect even more dim neutrino sources. Even knowing the abundance of sources could provide important constraints on the identity of the sources.</p> <p>“The future is very exciting as this analysis shows that planned improvements might reveal more astrophysical sources and populations,” said Abhishek Desai, postdoctoral fellow at UW–Madison and co-lead of the analysis. “This will be due to better event localization, which is already being studied and should be optimized in the near future.”</p> <p>+ info “Constraints on populations of neutrino sources from searches in the directions of IceCube neutrino alerts,” The IceCube Collaboration: R. Abbasi et al. Submitted to <em>The</em> <em>Astrophysical Journal. </em><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.04930">arxiv.org/abs/2210.04930</a>.</p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/astrophysics/" rel="category tag">Astrophysics</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/graduate-students/" rel="category tag">Graduate Students</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/high-energy/" rel="tag">high energy</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/icecube/" rel="tag">IceCube</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/neutrinos/" rel="tag">neutrinos</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/wipac/" rel="tag">WIPAC</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-7894" class="post-7894 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-wipac tag-cosmic-rays tag-high-energy tag-icecube tag-particle-physics tag-wipac"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title uw-mini-bar">The future of particle physics is also written from the South Pole</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/2022/09/01/the-future-of-particle-physics-is-also-written-from-the-south-pole/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2022-09-01T16:19:50-05:00">September 1, 2022</time></a></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <blockquote><p>This post was <a href="https://icecube.wisc.edu/news/collaboration/2022/09/the-future-of-particle-physics-is-also-written-from-the-south-pole/">originally published by the IceCube collaboration</a>. Several UW–Madison physicists are part of the collaboration and are featured in this story</p></blockquote> <div class="entry-content"> <p>A month ago, the <a href="https://seattlesnowmass2021.net/">Seattle Community Summer Study Workshop</a>—July 17-26, 2022, at the University of Washington—brought together over a thousand scientists in one of the final steps of the Particle Physics Community Planning Exercise. The meetings and accompanying white papers put the cherry on top of a period of collaborative work setting a vision for the future of particle physics in the U.S. and abroad. Later this year, the final report identifying research priorities in this field will be presented. Its main purpose is to advise the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation on research for their agendas during the next decade.</p> <p>As new and old detectors once again prepare to expand the frontiers of knowledge, we asked some IceCube collaborators about the role the South Pole neutrino observatory should play in the bright future that lies ahead for particle physics.</p> <p><strong>Q: What type of neutrinos are currently detected in IceCube? And will that change with the future extensions?</strong></p> <p>The vast majority of the neutrinos we detect are generated in the atmosphere by cosmic rays, but we also have on the order of 1,000 cosmic neutrinos at energies above 10 TeV. We use the atmospheric neutrinos for a wide range of science, first of all to study the neutrinos themselves.</p> <p>IceCube has detected more than a million neutrinos to date. That’s already a big number for neutrino scientists, and we will detect even more in the future. The deployment of the IceCube Upgrade, an extension of our facility targeting neutrinos at lower energies, will increase the density of sensors in IceCube’s inner subdetector, DeepCore, by a factor of 10. And a second, larger extension is also in the works. With IceCube-Gen2, we will improve the detection at the highest energies, too: the IceCube volume will increase by almost a factor of 10, and our event rate for high-energy cosmic neutrinos will also grow by an order of magnitude.</p> <p><em><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/karle-albrecht/">Albrecht Karle</a>, IceCube associate director for science and instrumentation and a professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison</em></p> <p><strong>Q: Are the futures of IceCube and that of particle physics intrinsically linked?</strong></p> <p>Absolutely! Many open questions in particle physics have neutrinos at the center. What’s their mass? What is the behavior of neutrino flavor mixing? Are there right-handed (sterile) neutrinos? Neutrinos are particularly attractive in the search for new physics. We can answer all these questions, to varying levels, within IceCube and especially moving forward with the IceCube Upgrade and IceCube-Gen2.</p> <p><em>Erin O’Sullivan, an associate professor of physics at Uppsala University</em></p> <p>IceCube, the Icecube Upgrade, and IceCube-Gen2 can all uniquely contribute to the study of particle physics, in particular, neutrino physics, beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics, and indirect searches of dark matter. The IceCube Upgrade provides complementary and independent measurements of neutrino oscillation in addition to the long-baseline experiments. And IceCube-Gen2 will be crucial to exploring the BSM features, such as sterile neutrinos and secret neutrino interactions, at an energy that cannot be reached by the underground facilities. It will also be a discovery machine for heavy dark matter particles.</p> <p><em><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/fang-ke/">Ke Fang</a>,</em> <em>an assistant professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison</em></p> <p><strong>Q: Talking about discoveries, now that both IceCube and Super-Kamiokande have reported definitive observations of tau neutrinos in atmospheric and astrophysical neutrino data, why should the international particle physics community continue to improve their detection? </strong></p> <p>The tau neutrino was discovered at Fermilab in an emulsion experiment where they observed double-bang events with a distance on the order of 1 mm separating production and decay. Since they represent the least studied neutrino and, in fact, one of the least studied particles, improved measurements of tau properties may reveal that the 3×3 matrix is not unitary and expose the first indication of physics beyond the 3-flavor oscillation scenario.</p> <p><em><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/halzen-francis-l/">Francis Halzen</a>, IceCube PI and a professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison</em></p> <p>We are the only experiment operating currently (and in the foreseeable future) that is able to identify tau neutrinos on an event-by-event basis. We can do so by looking at the distinct morphological features they produce in our data at the highest energies. And with the IceCube Upgrade, we will also be the experiment that collects the most tau neutrinos. I suspect that these neutrinos will surprise us again and point us towards new physics.</p> <p><em>Carlos Argüelles, an assistant professor of physics at Harvard University. </em></p> <p>Four hundred years from now, people may see IceCube the way we see Galileo’s telescope, not as an end but as the beginning of a new branch of science. The astrophysical observation of tau neutrinos is but one piece in a large number of studies that IceCube can conduct, including the study of fundamental physics using astrophysical neutrinos.</p> <p><em>Ignacio Taboada, IceCube spokesperson and a professor of physics at the Georgia Institute of Technology</em></p> <p><strong>Q: In 2019, the Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center joined the </strong><a href="https://www.interactions.org/"><strong>Interactions Collaboration</strong></a><strong>, which includes all major particle physics laboratories around the globe. The IceCube letter of introduction to this community detailed some of the most accurate results to date in neutrino physics. What’s unique about IceCube neutrino science?</strong></p> <p>One unique aspect of IceCube is the breadth of neutrino energy that we can measure, all the way down to the MeV energy scale in the case of a galactic supernova and up to as far as a few PeV neutrinos, which are the highest energy neutrinos ever detected. Therefore, IceCube provides us with different windows to study the neutrino and understand its properties. Especially in the context of searching for new physics, this is important as these processes can manifest at a particular energy scale but not be visible at other energy scales.</p> <p><em>Erin O’Sullivan, an associate professor of physics at Uppsala University</em></p> <p><strong>Q: Let’s focus on high-energy neutrinos for a moment. What are the needs for their detection and why is the South Pole ice the perfect place for those searches? </strong></p> <p>The highest energy neutrinos can be directly linked to the most powerful accelerators in the universe but also allow us to test the Standard Model at energies inaccessible to current or future planned colliders.</p> <p>And why the South Pole? Well, what makes the South Pole such an optimal location are the exceptional optical and radio properties of its ice sheet, which is also the largest pool of ice on Earth. Neutrino event rates are very low at these energies and, thus, we need a huge detector to measure them.</p> <p>Deep-ice Cherenkov optical sensors have already been proven as high-performing detectors for TeV and PeV neutrinos when deployed at depths of 1.4 km and greater below the surface. And radio technology is promising because radio waves can travel much further than optical photons in the ice, plus they work at shallow depths. So, when searching for the highest energy neutrinos using the South Pole ice sheet, radio neutrino detectors might be the only solution that scales up. Radio waves are able to travel further in the South Pole than in Greenland, for example. It’s a gift from nature to have this giant, pure block of ice to catch elusive neutrinos from the most powerful accelerators.</p> <p><em><a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/directory/lu-lu/">Lu Lu</a>, an assistant professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison</em></p> <p><strong>Q: And what about the lowest energies? How does IceCube perform there? </strong></p> <p>IceCube’s DeepCore detector was especially designed for that: a more dense layout of photodetectors embedded in the center of IceCube and located at about 2 km depth, it uses the surrounding IceCube sensors to eliminate essentially all background from the otherwise dominant cosmic ray muons. This means that DeepCore can now be analyzed as if it was at 10 km depth, deeper than any mine on Earth. In the near future, the IceCube Upgrade will add seven strings of new sensors inside DeepCore, which will hugely increase its precision for neutrino properties.</p> <p><em>Albrecht Karle, IceCube associate director for science and instrumentation and a professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison</em><em> </em></p> <p>IceCube’s low energies are what all other neutrino experiments would call high energies. This is a regime where the neutrino interactions are well predicted from accelerator experiments, which means that if deviations are found in the data we can claim new physics. Thus, IceCube and the upcoming IceCub Upgrade results are not only going to yield some of the most precise measurements on the neutrino oscillation parameters but also—and more importantly—test the neutrino oscillation framework.</p> <p><em>Carlos Argüelles, an assistant professor of physics at Harvard University </em></p> <p><strong>Q: And, last but not least, we should think about the people that will make all this possible. </strong><strong>What efforts are underway to diversify who does science and make the field more equitable?</strong></p> <p>Four years ago, IceCube invited a few collaborations to join efforts to increase equity, diversity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) in multimessenger astrophysics. With support from NSF, this was the birth of the Multimessenger Diversity Network (<a href="https://astromdn.github.io/">MDN</a>). This network now includes a dozen participating collaborations, which is an indication of the growing awareness and action to increase DEIA across the field. Set up as a community of practice, where people share their knowledge and experiences with each other, the MDN is a reproducible and scalable model for other fields. We are excited to see this community of practice grow, to contribute with resources and experiences, and to learn from others.</p> <p>For the first time in an official capacity, DEIA efforts were included in the Snowmass planning process and were also incorporated into the Astro2020 Decadal Survey. One take-away from these processes is that more resources and accountability are needed to speed up DEIA efforts.</p> <p><em>Ellen Bechtol, MDN community manager and an outreach specialist at the Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center</em></p> <p><em>Read more about IceCube and its future contributions to particle physics</em></p> <ul> <li>Snowmass Neutrino Frontier: NF04 <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bj0HHTsZb2EmJ_F9T8feJ6ODHIPoKpo7/view">Topical Group Report</a>. Neutrinos from natural sources. (Jul 2022)</li> <li>CF7. Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics. <a href="https://snowmass21.org/_media/cosmic/repv1_cf7.pdf">Topical Group Report </a>(Jul 2022).</li> <li>“High-Energy and Ultra-High-Energy Neutrinos: A Snowmass White Paper”, M.Ackermann et al. <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.08096">arxiv.org/abs/2203.08096</a></li> <li>“Tau Neutrinos in the Next Decade: from GeV to EeV,” R. S. Abraham et al. <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.05591">arxiv.org/abs/2203.05591</a></li> <li>“Snowmass White Paper: Beyond the Standard Model effects on Neutrino Flavor,” C. Argüelles et al. <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.10811">arxiv.org/abs/2203.10811</a></li> <li>“Snowmass 2021 White Paper: Cosmogenic Dark Matter and Exotic Particle Searches in Neutrino Experiments,” J. Berger et al. <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.02882">arxiv.org/abs/2207.02882</a></li> <li>“White Paper on Light Sterile Neutrino Searches and Related Phenomenology,” M. A. Acero et al, <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.07323">arxiv.org/abs/2203.07323</a></li> <li>“Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays: The Intersection of the Cosmic and Energy Frontiers,” A. Coleman, <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.05845">arxiv.org/abs/2205.05845</a></li> <li>“Advancing the Landscape of Multimessenger Science in the Next Decade,” K. Engle et al. <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.10074">arxiv.org/abs/2203.10074</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/category/wipac/" rel="category tag">WIPAC</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/cosmic-rays/" rel="tag">cosmic rays</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/high-energy/" rel="tag">high energy</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/icecube/" rel="tag">IceCube</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/particle-physics/" rel="tag">particle physics</a>, <a href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/wipac/" rel="tag">WIPAC</a></span> </footer> </article> <nav class="pagination-container" aria-label="Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="current"><span class="show-for-sr">You're on page</span> 1</li><li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://www.physics.wisc.edu/tag/icecube/page/2/">2</a></li><li><a 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