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also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External 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<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Igloo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 72 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igloe" title="Igloe – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Igloe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="مبنى قباني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مبنى قباني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igl%C3%BA" title="Iglú – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Iglú" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0qlu" title="İqlu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İqlu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81" title="ইগলু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইগলু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Іглу – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іглу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Іглу – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Іглу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Иглу – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Иглу" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igl%C3%BA" title="Iglú – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iglú" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Иглу – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иглу" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igl%C3%BA" title="Iglú – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Iglú" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglo" title="Iglo – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Iglo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglu" title="Iglu – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Iglu" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglu" title="Iglu – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iglu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglu" title="Iglu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iglu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Ιγκλού – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιγκλού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igl%C3%BA" title="Iglú – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Iglú" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglo" title="Iglo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Iglo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglu" title="Iglu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Iglu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88" title="ایگلو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایگلو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igloo" title="Igloo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Igloo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglo" title="Iglo – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Iglo" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igl%C3%BA" title="Iglú – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Iglú" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EA%B8%80%EB%A3%A8" title="이글루 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이글루" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Իգլու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իգլու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82" title="इग्लू – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इग्लू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglu" title="Iglu – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Iglu" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglu" title="Iglu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Iglu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglo" title="Iglo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Iglo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglu" title="Iglu – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Iglu" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%83%E1%92%A1%E1%93%97" title="ᐃᒡᓗ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐃᒡᓗ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snj%C3%B3h%C3%BAs" title="Snjóhús – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Snjóhús" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igl%C3%B9" title="Iglù – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Iglù" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95" title="איגלו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איגלו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglo" title="Iglo – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Iglo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%82" title="ಇಗ್ಲೂ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಗ್ಲೂ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3" title="იგლუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იგლუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglu" title="Iglu – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Iglu" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglu" title="Iglu – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iglu" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglu" title="Iglu – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Iglu" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglu" title="Iglu – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Iglu" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglu" title="Iglu – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Iglu" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Игло – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Игло" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82" title="ഇഗ്ലൂ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇഗ്ലൂ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82" title="इग्‍लू – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इग्‍लू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglo" title="Iglo – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Iglo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC" title="イグルー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イグルー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglo" title="Iglo – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Iglo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglo" title="Iglo – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Iglo" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igl%C3%B3" title="Igló – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Igló" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igloo(Iglu)" title="Igloo(Iglu) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Igloo(Iglu)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglu" title="Iglu – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Iglu" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igloo" title="Igloo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Igloo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglu" title="Iglu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Iglu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglu" title="Iglu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Iglu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Иглу – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иглу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A9" title="ᱤᱜᱽᱞᱩ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱜᱽᱞᱩ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igloo" title="Igloo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Igloo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglu" title="Iglu – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Iglu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Иглу – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Иглу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglu" title="Iglu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Iglu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igloo" title="Igloo – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Igloo" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglu" title="Iglu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Iglu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igloo" title="Igloo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Igloo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பனிக் கட்டிக் குடில் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பனிக் கட்டிக் குடில்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9" title="อิกลู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิกลู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0glo" title="İglo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İglo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Іглу – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іглу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%81u_tuy%E1%BA%BFt" title="Lều tuyết – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lều tuyết" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of shelter built of snow</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Igloo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Igloo (disambiguation)">Igloo (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Igloos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Igloos.jpg/300px-Igloos.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Igloos.jpg/450px-Igloos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Igloos.jpg/600px-Igloos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="1164" /></a><figcaption>Community of <i>igluit</i> (Illustration from <a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Hall" title="Charles Francis Hall">Charles Francis Hall</a>'s <i>Arctic Researches and Life Among the Esquimaux</i>, 1865)</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>igloo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Inuit_languages" title="Inuit languages">Inuit languages</a>: <b><span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">iglu</i></span></b>,<sup id="cite_ref-iglu_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iglu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_syllabics" title="Inuktitut syllabics">Inuktitut syllabics</a> <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="iu">ᐃᒡᓗ</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="iu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">[iɣˈlu]</a></span> (plural: <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">igluit</i></span> <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="iu">ᐃᒡᓗᐃᑦ</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="iu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">[iɣluˈit]</a></span>)), also known as a snow house or <b>snow hut</b>, is a type of shelter built of suitable <a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">snow</a>. </p><p>Although igloos are often associated with all <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a>, they were traditionally used only by the people of Canada's Central Arctic and the <a href="/wiki/Qaanaaq" title="Qaanaaq">Qaanaaq</a> area of <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>. Other Inuit tended to use snow to insulate their houses, which were constructed from <a href="/wiki/Whalebone" class="mw-redirect" title="Whalebone">whalebone</a> and hides. </p><p>Snow is used because the air pockets trapped in it make it an <a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">insulator</a>. On the outside, temperatures may be as low as −45 °C (−49 °F), but on the inside, the temperature may range from −7 to 16 °C (19 to 61 °F) when warmed by <a href="/wiki/Body_heat" class="mw-redirect" title="Body heat">body heat</a> alone.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Igloo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inuit-Igloo_P.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Inuit-Igloo_P.png/220px-Inuit-Igloo_P.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Inuit-Igloo_P.png/330px-Inuit-Igloo_P.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Inuit-Igloo_P.png/440px-Inuit-Igloo_P.png 2x" data-file-width="4656" data-file-height="3038" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> building an igloo (1924)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Inuit_languages" title="Inuit languages">Inuit languages</a>, the word <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">iglu</i></span> (plural <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">igluit</i></span>) can be used for a house or home built of any material.<sup id="cite_ref-iglu_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iglu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word is not restricted exclusively to snowhouses (called specifically <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">igluvijaq</i></span>, plural <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">igluvijait</i></span>), but includes traditional tents, <a href="/wiki/Sod_house" title="Sod house">sod houses</a>, homes constructed of <a href="/wiki/Driftwood" title="Driftwood">driftwood</a> and modern buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outside <a href="/wiki/Inuit_culture" title="Inuit culture">Inuit culture</a>, however, <i>igloo</i> refers exclusively to shelters constructed from blocks of compacted snow, generally in the form of a dome.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several Inuit language dialects throughout the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Canadian Arctic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Siglitun" class="mw-redirect" title="Siglitun">Siglitun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inuinnaqtun" title="Inuinnaqtun">Inuinnaqtun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natsilingmiutut" title="Natsilingmiutut">Natsilingmiutut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kivalliq_dialect" title="Kivalliq dialect">Kivalliq</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Baffin" class="mw-redirect" title="North Baffin">North Baffin</a>) use <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">iglu</i></span> for all buildings, including snowhouses, and it is the term used by the <a href="/wiki/Nunavut#Government_and_politics" title="Nunavut">government of Nunavut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iglu_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iglu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An exception to this is the dialect used in the <a href="/wiki/Igloolik" title="Igloolik">Igloolik</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>. <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">Iglu</i></span> is used for other buildings, while <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">igluvijaq</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (plural <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">igluvijait</i></span>, Inuktitut syllabics: <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="iu">ᐃᒡᓗᕕᔭᖅ</span></span>) is specifically used for a snowhouse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Igloo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Igloo_inner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Igloo_inner.jpg/220px-Igloo_inner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Igloo_inner.jpg/330px-Igloo_inner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Igloo_inner.jpg/440px-Igloo_inner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1527" data-file-height="895" /></a><figcaption>Interior of an igloo (early 1900s)</figcaption></figure> <p>There are three traditional types of igloos. Each has a different size from small to large and is used for a different purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-iglootce_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iglootce-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-polarp_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polarp-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The smallest-sized igloos are constructed as temporary shelters. They are usually used for one or two nights, and therefore, are easier to build. On rare occasions, these small types of igloos are used during hunting trips which are often on open <a href="/wiki/Sea_ice" title="Sea ice">sea ice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iglootce_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iglootce-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-polarp_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polarp-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Intermediate-sized igloos were for semi-permanent, family dwelling. This was usually a single room dwelling that housed one or two families. Often there were several of these in a small area, which formed an Inuit village.<sup id="cite_ref-iglootce_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iglootce-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-polarp_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polarp-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The largest-sized igloos were normally built in groups of two. One of the buildings was a temporary structure built for special occasions, while the other one was built nearby for living. These large igloos could have up to five rooms and house 20 people. A large igloo could be constructed from several smaller igloos attached by their tunnels, giving common access to the outside. These large igloos were used to hold <a href="/wiki/Inuit_cuisine" title="Inuit cuisine">community feasts</a> and traditional dances.<sup id="cite_ref-iglootce_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iglootce-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-polarp_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polarp-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Igloo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Inuits_making_igloo.webm/220px-seek%3D175-Inuits_making_igloo.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="545" data-mwtitle="Inuits_making_igloo.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Inuits_making_igloo.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/Inuits_making_igloo.webm/Inuits_making_igloo.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/Inuits_making_igloo.webm/Inuits_making_igloo.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Inuits_making_igloo.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/Inuits_making_igloo.webm/Inuits_making_igloo.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/Inuits_making_igloo.webm/Inuits_making_igloo.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/Inuits_making_igloo.webm/Inuits_making_igloo.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/Inuits_making_igloo.webm/Inuits_making_igloo.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Film clip of the construction of an igloo from beginning to end (1922)</figcaption></figure> <p>Snow igloos are not spherical, but are built in a <a href="/wiki/Catenary" title="Catenary">catenary</a>, a curved shape more closely resembling a <a href="/wiki/Paraboloid" title="Paraboloid">paraboloid</a>. Using this shape, the stresses of snow as it ages and compresses are less likely to cause it to buckle because in an inverted paraboloid or catenoid the pressures are nearer to being exclusively compressive.<sup id="cite_ref-handy_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handy-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The individual snow bricks are cut out of the ground with saws and machete-like blades. They are originally cut out in a four-sided shape. However, later the snow bricks are often cut into five- or six-sided shapes to increase structural interlocking,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> similar to the stones used in the <a href="/wiki/Inca_architecture" title="Inca architecture">architecture of the Inca Empire</a>. </p><p>Igloos gradually become shorter with time due to the compressive creep of the snow.<sup id="cite_ref-handy_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handy-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Building_methods">Building methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Igloo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Building methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The snow used to build an igloo must have enough structural strength to be cut and stacked appropriately. The best snow to use for this purpose is snow which has been blown by wind, which can serve to compact and interlock the <a href="/wiki/Ice_crystals" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice crystals">ice crystals</a>. Snow that has settled gently to the ground in still weather is not useful. The hole left in the snow, where the blocks are cut, is usually used as the lower half of the shelter.<sup id="cite_ref-A&N_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A&N-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Snow's insulating properties enable the inside of the igloo to remain relatively warm. In some cases, a single block of clear freshwater ice is inserted to allow light into the igloo. Igloos used as winter shelters had beds made of loose snow, skins, and <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">caribou</a> furs.<sup id="cite_ref-A&N_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A&N-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes, a short tunnel is constructed at the entrance, to reduce wind and heat loss when the door is opened. Animal skins or a snow block can be used as a door. </p><p>The igloo is architecturally unique in that it is a dome that can be raised out of independent blocks leaning on each other and polished to fit without an additional supporting structure during construction. An igloo that is built correctly will support the weight of a person standing on the roof. </p><p>Traditionally, an igloo might be deliberately consolidated immediately after construction<sup id="cite_ref-vol1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vol1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by making a large flame with a <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kudlik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kudlik">kudlik</a></i></span> (<span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">qulliq</i></span>, stone lamp), briefly making the interior very hot, which causes the walls to melt slightly and settle.<sup id="cite_ref-A&N_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A&N-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Body heat is also adequate, although slower. This melting and refreezing builds up a layer of ice that contributes to the strength of the igloo.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Igloo construction</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Igloo_see-through_sideview_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="An igloo side view diagram; opening to the right, the optional window may be composed of a sheet of freshwater ice"><img alt="An igloo side view diagram; opening to the right, the optional window may be composed of a sheet of freshwater ice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Igloo_see-through_sideview_diagram.svg/220px-Igloo_see-through_sideview_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Igloo_see-through_sideview_diagram.svg/330px-Igloo_see-through_sideview_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Igloo_see-through_sideview_diagram.svg/440px-Igloo_see-through_sideview_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="140" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An igloo side view diagram; opening to the right, the optional window may be composed of a sheet of freshwater ice</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Igloo_spirale.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="An igloo's snowbrick laying method"><img alt="An igloo's snowbrick laying method" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Igloo_spirale.svg/220px-Igloo_spirale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Igloo_spirale.svg/330px-Igloo_spirale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Igloo_spirale.svg/440px-Igloo_spirale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="223" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An igloo's snowbrick laying method</div> </li> </ul><p> The sleeping platform is a raised area. With warmer air rising and cooler air settling, the entrance area acts as a <a href="/wiki/Cold_trap" title="Cold trap">cold trap</a> whereas the sleeping area will hold whatever heat is generated by a stove, lamp, body heat, or other device. The <a href="/wiki/Central_Inuit" title="Central Inuit">Central Inuit</a>, especially those around the <a href="/wiki/Davis_Strait" title="Davis Strait">Davis Strait</a>, lined the living area with skin, which could increase the temperature within from around 2 °C (36 °F) to 10–20 °C (50–68 °F).</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Igloos</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Igloo_building_in_Sarek.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Process of building an igloo with snowbrick method in mid-way"><img alt="Process of building an igloo with snowbrick method in mid-way" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Igloo_building_in_Sarek.png/206px-Igloo_building_in_Sarek.png" decoding="async" width="206" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Igloo_building_in_Sarek.png/310px-Igloo_building_in_Sarek.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Igloo_building_in_Sarek.png/413px-Igloo_building_in_Sarek.png 2x" data-file-width="3704" data-file-height="2784" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Process of building an igloo with snowbrick method in mid-way</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Igloo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A nearly complete, medium-sized igloo, with excavation under the door and the exterior unfinished"><img alt="A nearly complete, medium-sized igloo, with excavation under the door and the exterior unfinished" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Igloo.jpg/220px-Igloo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Igloo.jpg/330px-Igloo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Igloo.jpg/440px-Igloo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="475" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A nearly complete, medium-sized igloo, with excavation under the door and the exterior unfinished</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Igloo_interior.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior of an igloo, facing the passageway leading to the entrance"><img alt="Interior of an igloo, facing the passageway leading to the entrance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Igloo_interior.JPG/207px-Igloo_interior.JPG" decoding="async" width="207" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Igloo_interior.JPG/311px-Igloo_interior.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Igloo_interior.JPG/413px-Igloo_interior.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior of an igloo, facing the passageway leading to the entrance</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Igloo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_cave" title="Glacier cave">Glacier cave</a> – a natural hollow space within a glacier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinzhee" title="Quinzhee">Quinzhee</a> – a shelter made by hollowing out a pile of settled snow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_cave" title="Snow cave">Snow cave</a> – a shelter constructed in snow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_fort" title="Snow fort">Snow fort</a> – a usually open-topped temporary structure made of snow walls that is usually used for recreational purposes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_architecture" title="Vernacular architecture">Vernacular architecture</a> – a category of <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> based on local needs, <a href="/wiki/Construction_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Construction material">construction materials</a> and reflecting local traditions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_(snow_dome)" title="Kamakura (snow dome)">Kamakura (snow dome)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Igloo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iglu-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iglu_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iglu_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iglu_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190827150246/http://www.livingdictionary.com/term/viewTerm.jsp%3Fterm%3D49132606955">"Iglu"</a>. <i>Asuilaak Living Dictionary</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livingdictionary.com/term/viewTerm.jsp?term=49132606955">the original</a> on 2019-08-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asuilaak+Living+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Iglu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livingdictionary.com%2Fterm%2FviewTerm.jsp%3Fterm%3D49132606955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgloo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dspace.library.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/125/2/Igloo.pdf">"How Warm is an Igloo?, BEE453 Spring 2003 (PDF)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120417111111/http://dspace.library.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/125/2/Igloo.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2012-04-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Warm+is+an+Igloo%3F%2C+BEE453+Spring+2003+%28PDF%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdspace.library.cornell.edu%2Fbitstream%2F1813%2F125%2F2%2FIgloo.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgloo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic45-2-199.pdf">"The Mackenzie Inuit Winter House"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120401150444/http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic45-2-199.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2012-04-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Mackenzie+Inuit+Winter+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.aina.ucalgary.ca%2Farctic%2FArctic45-2-199.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgloo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucalgary.ca/~rmlevy/Thule/Documents/Visual%20Studies%20Final%20Copy.pdf">"Reconstructing traditional Inuit house forms using three-dimensional interactive computer modelling"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326084824/http://www.ucalgary.ca/~rmlevy/Thule/Documents/Visual%20Studies%20Final%20Copy.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2009-03-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reconstructing+traditional+Inuit+house+forms+using+three-dimensional+interactive+computer+modelling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucalgary.ca%2F~rmlevy%2FThule%2FDocuments%2FVisual%2520Studies%2520Final%2520Copy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgloo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/igloo">"Definition: Igloo"</a>. <i>Cambridge dictionary</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+dictionary&rft.atitle=Definition%3A+Igloo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fus%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Figloo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgloo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130307115642/http://www.gov.nu.ca/en/Flag.aspx">"About the Flag and Coat of Arms"</a>. Gov.nu.ca. 1999-04-01. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.nu.ca/en/Flag.aspx">the original</a> on 2013-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Flag+and+Coat+of+Arms&rft.pub=Gov.nu.ca&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.nu.ca%2Fen%2FFlag.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgloo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Inuinnaqtun English Dictionary</i>. Cambridge Bay, Nunavut: Nunavut Arctic College, 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livingdictionary.com/term/viewTerm.jsp?term=49132637880">"Igluvijaq"</a>. <i>Asuilaak Living Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asuilaak+Living+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Igluvijaq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livingdictionary.com%2Fterm%2FviewTerm.jsp%3Fterm%3D49132637880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgloo" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iglootce-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iglootce_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iglootce_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iglootce_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iglootce_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGadacz2020" class="citation web cs1">Gadacz, René R. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Igloo&rft.pub=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2020-04-24&rft.aulast=Gadacz&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Figloo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgloo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-polarp-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-polarp_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-polarp_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-polarp_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-polarp_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWielgopolan" class="citation web cs1">Wielgopolan, Anna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://polarpedia.eu/en/igloo/">"Igloo"</a>. 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(June 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/21/world/canada/igloos-inuit-arctic-canada.html">"A Lost Art in the Arctic: Igloo Making"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Lost+Art+in+the+Arctic%3A+Igloo+Making&rft.date=2017-06-21&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Craig+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F06%2F21%2Fworld%2Fcanada%2Figloos-inuit-arctic-canada.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgloo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-handy-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-handy_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-handy_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHandy1973" class="citation journal cs1">Handy, Richard L. (Dec 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic26-4-276.pdf">"The Igloo and the Natural Bridge as Ultimate Structures"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Arctic</i>. <b>26</b> (4). Arctic Institute of North America: 276–277. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14430%2Farctic2926">10.14430/arctic2926</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201726/http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic26-4-276.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2016-03-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arctic&rft.atitle=The+Igloo+and+the+Natural+Bridge+as+Ultimate+Structures&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=276-277&rft.date=1973-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14430%2Farctic2926&rft.aulast=Handy&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.aina.ucalgary.ca%2Farctic%2FArctic26-4-276.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgloo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFkitikmeotheritage2012" class="citation cs2">kitikmeotheritage (2012-07-25), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJ6Pdvf3TpQ"><i>Building An Igloo</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/LJ6Pdvf3TpQ">archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-11<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-07-05</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+An+Igloo&rft.date=2012-07-25&rft.au=kitikmeotheritage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DLJ6Pdvf3TpQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgloo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A&N-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-A&N_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A&N_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A&N_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoald_Amundsen1908" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Roald Amundsen</a> (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northwestpassage02amun">"Chapter 8"</a>. <i>The North West Passage, being the record of a voyage of exploration of the ship "Gyöa" 1903-1907</i>. Vol. 2. London, Constable. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northwestpassage02amun/page/1">1</a>-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+8&rft.btitle=The+North+West+Passage%2C+being+the+record+of+a+voyage+of+exploration+of+the+ship+%22Gy%C3%B6a%22+1903-1907&rft.pages=1-14&rft.pub=London%2C+Constable&rft.date=1908&rft.au=Roald+Amundsen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnorthwestpassage02amun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgloo" class="Z3988"></span> (a Norwegian observer's account of the building a family's winter igloo, not a short-term hunting one, by Atikleura and Nalungia, <a href="/wiki/Netsilik_Inuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Netsilik Inuit">Netsilik Inuit</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vol1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vol1_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmundsen1908" class="citation book cs1">Amundsen, Roald (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northwestpassage01amunuoft">"3"</a>. <i>The North West Passage, being the record of a voyage of exploration of the ship "Gyöa" 1903-1907;</i>. Vol. 1. London, Constable. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northwestpassage01amunuoft/page/145">145</a>. <q>We were inexperienced at that time, and did not know that the hut ought to be heated inside in order to consolidate it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=3&rft.btitle=The+North+West+Passage%2C+being+the+record+of+a+voyage+of+exploration+of+the+ship+%22Gy%C3%B6a%22+1903-1907%3B&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=London%2C+Constable&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Amundsen&rft.aufirst=Roald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnorthwestpassage01amunuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgloo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7326031.stm">"What house-builders can learn from igloos, 2008, Dan Cruickshank, BBC"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 2008-04-02. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090311170506/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7326031.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-03-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=What+house-builders+can+learn+from+igloos%2C+2008%2C+Dan+Cruickshank%2C+BBC&rft.date=2008-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fmagazine%2F7326031.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgloo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Igloo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Guy_Condon" title="Richard Guy Condon">Richard Guy Condon</a>, Julia Ogina and the <a href="/wiki/Ulukhaktok,_Northwest_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories">Holman Elders</a>, <i>The Northern Copper Inuit</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-0849-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-0849-6">0-8020-0849-6</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/houses/igloo.html">Igloo – the Traditional Arctic Snow Dome</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/igloo">An article on igloos from <i>The Canadian Encyclopedia</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfb.ca/film/How_to_Build_an_Igloo">Watch <i>How to Build an Igloo</i></a> (National Film Board of Canada)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060923061005/http://www.usap.gov/travelAndDeployment/documents/FieldManual-Chapt11SnowShelters.pdf"><i>Field Manual for the U.S. Antarctic Program</i>, Chapter 11: "Snow Shelters", pp. 140-145</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/cape_dorset/dwell1.html">Traditional Dwellings: Igloos (1)</a> (Interview; Library and Archives Canada)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoald_Amundsen1908" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Roald Amundsen</a> (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northwestpassage02amun">"Chapter 8"</a>. <i>The North West Passage, being the record of a voyage of exploration of the ship "Gyöa" 1903-1907</i>. Vol. 2. London, Constable. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northwestpassage02amun/page/1">1</a>-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+8&rft.btitle=The+North+West+Passage%2C+being+the+record+of+a+voyage+of+exploration+of+the+ship+%22Gy%C3%B6a%22+1903-1907&rft.pages=1-14&rft.pub=London%2C+Constable&rft.date=1908&rft.au=Roald+Amundsen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnorthwestpassage02amun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgloo" class="Z3988"></span> (a Norwegian observer's account of the building a family's winter igloo, not a short-term hunting one, by Atikleura and Nalungia, <a href="/wiki/Netsilik_Inuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Netsilik Inuit">Netsilik Inuit</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Igloo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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semi-permanent human <a href="/wiki/Shelter_(building)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelter (building)">shelters</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional immobile</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahay_kubo" title="Bahay kubo">Bahay kubo</a> (Nipa hut)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barabara" title="Barabara">Barabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beehive_house" title="Beehive house">Beehive house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothy" title="Bothy">Bothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunong_house" title="Bunong house">Bunong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdei" title="Burdei">Burdei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bure_(Fiji)" title="Bure (Fiji)">Bure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleit" title="Cleit">Cleit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloch%C3%A1n" title="Clochán">Clochán (beehive hut)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotto_(architecture)" title="Crotto (architecture)">Crotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(shelter)" title="Dugout (shelter)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_lodge" title="Earth lodge">Earth lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funco_(architecture)" title="Funco (architecture)">Funco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girna" title="Girna">Girna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goahti" title="Goahti">Goahti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogan" title="Hogan">Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humpy" title="Humpy">Humpy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_turf_house" title="Icelandic turf house">Icelandic turf house</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapar_(dwelling)" title="Kapar (dwelling)">Kapar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_cabin" title="Log cabin">Log cabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maloca" title="Maloca">Maloca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstruation_hut" title="Menstruation hut">Menstruation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitato" title="Mitato">Mitato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musgum_mud_huts" class="mw-redirect" title="Musgum mud huts">Musgum mud huts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oca_(structure)" title="Oca (structure)">Oca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orri" title="Orri">Orri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palloza" title="Palloza">Palloza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit-house" title="Pit-house">Pit-house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qargi" title="Qargi">Qargi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarmaq" title="Qarmaq">Qarmaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly_hole" title="Quiggly hole">Quiggly hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinzhee" title="Quinzhee">Quinzhee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondavel" title="Rondavel">Rondavel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(dwelling)" title="Roundhouse (dwelling)">Roundhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruka_(Mapuche)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruka (Mapuche)">Ruka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassi_di_Matera" title="Sassi di Matera">Sassi di Matera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shieling" title="Shieling">Shieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sod_house" title="Sod house">Sod house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukkah" title="Sukkah">Sukkah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongkonan" title="Tongkonan">Tongkonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trullo" title="Trullo">Trullo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukul" title="Tukul">Tukul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam">Wigwam, wickiup and wetu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemlyanka" title="Zemlyanka">Zemlyanka</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_grass_hut_in_Eswatini.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Traditional_grass_hut_in_Eswatini.png/120px-Traditional_grass_hut_in_Eswatini.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Traditional_grass_hut_in_Eswatini.png/180px-Traditional_grass_hut_in_Eswatini.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Traditional_grass_hut_in_Eswatini.png/240px-Traditional_grass_hut_in_Eswatini.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="449" /></a></span><br /><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/32px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/48px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/64px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="604" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Housing" title="Portal:Housing">Housing portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional mobile</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chum_(tent)" title="Chum (tent)">Chum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavvu" title="Lavvu">Lavvu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_hut" title="Shepherd's hut">Shepherd's hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipi" title="Tipi">Tipi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaranga" title="Yaranga">Yaranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurt" title="Yurt">Yurt and ger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ger_district" title="Ger district">Ger district</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/open_air" class="extiw" title="wikt:open air">Open-air</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_fale" title="Beach fale">Beach fale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabana" title="Cabana">Cabana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickee" title="Chickee">Chickee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazebo" title="Gazebo">Gazebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palapa_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palapa (Mexico)">Palapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergola" title="Pergola">Pergola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramada_(shelter)" title="Ramada (shelter)">Ramada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toguna" title="Toguna">Toguna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_hut" title="Beach hut">Beach hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexayurt" title="Hexayurt">Hexayurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopper_hut" title="Hopper hut">Hopper hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_hut" title="Iris hut">Iris hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissen_hut" title="Nissen hut">Nissen hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quonset_hut" title="Quonset hut">Quonset hut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamesway_hut" title="Jamesway hut">Jamesway hut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romney_hut" title="Romney hut">Romney hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondavel" title="Rondavel">Rondavel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_hut" title="Slab hut">Slab hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twynham_hut" title="Twynham hut">Twynham hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilderness_hut" title="Wilderness hut">Wilderness hut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_club_hut" title="Alpine club hut">Alpine club hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_hut" title="Mountain hut">Mountain hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_room" title="Winter room">Winter room</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabanes_du_Breuil" title="Cabanes du Breuil">Cabanes du Breuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_linhay" title="Circular linhay">Circular linhay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_sheltering" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth sheltering">Earth sheltering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shack" title="Shack">Shack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed" title="Shed">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skellig_Michael" title="Skellig Michael">Skellig Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilt_house" title="Stilt house">Stilt house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tent" title="Tent">Tent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatching" title="Thatching">Thatching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumance" title="Transhumance">Transhumance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_house" title="Tree house">Tree house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_architecture" title="Vernacular architecture">Vernacular architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_des_Bories" title="Village des Bories">Village des Bories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Huts" title="Category:Huts"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Housing" title="Portal:Housing"><b>Portal</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Native_American_architecture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Native_american_styles" title="Template:Native american styles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Native_american_styles" title="Template talk:Native american styles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Native_american_styles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Native american styles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Native_American_architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_architecture" title="Indigenous architecture">Native American architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Architecture_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture styles">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inca_architecture" title="Inca architecture">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_architecture" title="Mesoamerican architecture">Mesoamerican</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aztec_architecture" title="Aztec architecture">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_architecture" title="Maya architecture">Maya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puuc" title="Puuc">Puuc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Bec" title="Río Bec">Río Bec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bartolo_(Maya_site)" title="San Bartolo (Maya site)">San Bartolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_Revival_architecture" title="Mayan Revival architecture">Mayan Revival</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_architecture" title="Muisca architecture">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Andean" title="Neo-Andean">Neo-Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_architecture" title="Pueblo architecture">Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revival_architecture" title="Pueblo Revival architecture">Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Deco_architecture" title="Pueblo Deco architecture">Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Style" title="Territorial Style">Territorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Revival_architecture" title="Territorial Revival architecture">Territorial Revival</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg/150px-Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg/225px-Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg/300px-Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2851" data-file-height="2139" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">Building types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barabara" title="Barabara">Barabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_crib" title="Corn crib">Corn crib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickee" title="Chickee">Chickee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_lodge" title="Earth lodge">Earth lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guachimontones" title="Guachimontones">Guachimontón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogan" title="Hogan">Hogan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouses_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhouses of the indigenous peoples of North America">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maloca" title="Maloca">Maloca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_pyramid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoamerican pyramid">Mesoamerican pyramid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Triadic_pyramid" title="Triadic pyramid">Triadic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin-pyramid_complex" title="Twin-pyramid complex">Twin-pyramids</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oca_(structure)" title="Oca (structure)">Oca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plank_house" title="Plank house">Plank house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukara" title="Pukara">Pukara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qargi" title="Qargi">Qargi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarmaq" title="Qarmaq">Qarmaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly" class="mw-redirect" title="Quiggly">Quiggly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qullqa" title="Qullqa">Qullqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramada_(shelter)" title="Ramada (shelter)">Ramada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruka_(house_type)" title="Ruka (house type)">Ruka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabono" title="Shabono">Shabono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweat_lodge" title="Sweat lodge">Sweat lodge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temazcal" title="Temazcal">Temazcal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipi" title="Tipi">Tipi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupiq" title="Tupiq">Tupiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam">Wigwam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-building_structure_types" title="List of non-building structure types">Structures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballcourt" title="Mesoamerican ballcourt">Ballcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chultun" title="Chultun">Chultun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuel" title="Cuel">Cuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Group" title="E-Group">E-Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moki_steps" title="Moki steps">Moki steps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_mound" title="Platform mound">Platform mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_rope_bridge" title="Inca rope bridge">Rope bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacbe" title="Sacbe">Sacbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushnu" title="Ushnu">Ushnu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashlar" title="Ashlar">Ashlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbel_arch" title="Corbel arch">Corbel arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_comb" title="Roof comb">Roof comb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sascab" title="Sascab">Sascab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipapu" title="Sipapu">Sipapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talud-tablero" title="Talud-tablero">Talud-tablero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Architecture_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Architecture in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Architecture in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Architecture in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Architecture_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of the United States">Architecture of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Native and indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mound" title="Mound">Mound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Builders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_architecture" title="Pueblo architecture">Pueblo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_colonial_architecture" title="American colonial architecture">Colonial and post-colonial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creole_architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Creole architecture in the United States">Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Period" title="First Period">First Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture#Colonial_Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Colonial Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Dutch Colonial Revival architecture">Dutch Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Colonial" class="mw-redirect" title="French Colonial">French Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_colonial_architecture#German_Colonial" title="American colonial architecture">German Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Spanish Colonial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Style" title="Territorial Style">Territorial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_style" title="Adam style">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_architecture" title="Federal architecture">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffersonian_architecture" title="Jeffersonian architecture">Jeffersonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antebellum_architecture" title="Antebellum architecture">Antebellum</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mid-19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italianate_architecture" title="Italianate architecture">Italianate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richardsonian_Romanesque" title="Richardsonian Romanesque">Richardsonian Romanesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_architecture_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Second Empire architecture in the United States and Canada">Second Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Renaissance" title="American Renaissance">American Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Victorian" title="Folk Victorian">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stick_style" title="Stick style">Stick style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Queen Anne style architecture in the United States">Queen Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingle_style_architecture" title="Shingle style architecture">Shingle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late-19th to<br />mid-20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> (<a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-war_architecture" title="Pre-war architecture">Pre-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Craftsman" title="American Craftsman">American Craftsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Foursquare" title="American Foursquare">American Foursquare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_bungalow" title="California bungalow">California bungalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_(architecture)" title="Chicago school (architecture)">Chicago School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Colonial Revival architecture">Colonial Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Dutch Colonial Revival architecture">Dutch Colonial Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Revival_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian Revival architecture">Georgian Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googie_architecture" title="Googie architecture">Googie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Style_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Style (architecture)">International style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_Revival_architecture" title="Mayan Revival architecture">Mayan Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Revival_architecture" title="Mediterranean Revival architecture">Mediterranean Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Revival_architecture" title="Mission Revival architecture">Mission Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revival_architecture" title="Pueblo Revival architecture">Pueblo Revival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Deco_architecture" title="Pueblo Deco architecture">Deco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_School" title="Prairie School">Prairie School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PWA_Moderne" class="mw-redirect" title="PWA Moderne">PWA Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarasota_School_of_Architecture" title="Sarasota School of Architecture">Sarasota School of Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_rustic" title="National Park Service rustic">Rustic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial Revival architecture">Spanish Colonial Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Revival_architecture" title="Territorial Revival architecture">Territorial Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Revival_architecture" title="Tudor Revival architecture">Tudor Revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post–World War II</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blobitecture" title="Blobitecture">Blobitecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutalist_architecture" title="Brutalist architecture">Brutalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deconstructivism" title="Deconstructivism">Deconstructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingbat_(building)" title="Dingbat (building)">Dingbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthship" title="Earthship">Earthship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-tech_architecture" title="High-tech architecture">High-tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-century_modern" title="Mid-century modern">Mid-century modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-eclectic_architecture" title="Neo-eclectic architecture">Neo-eclectic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-futurism" title="Neo-futurism">Neo-futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodern" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Classical_architecture" title="New Classical architecture">New Classical architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">Postmodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch-style_house" title="Ranch-style house">Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_style" title="Shed style">Shed style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny-house_movement" title="Tiny-house movement">Tiny-house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usonia" title="Usonia">Usonian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Building types and vernacular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Architecture" title="Adirondack Architecture">Adirondack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe" title="Adobe">Adobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barabara" title="Barabara">Barabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod_(house)" title="Cape Cod (house)">Cape Cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central-passage_house" title="Central-passage house">Central-passage house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickee" title="Chickee">Chickee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_crib" title="Corn crib">Corn crib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_church" title="Cowboy church">Cowboy church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_regionalism" title="Critical regionalism">Critical regionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogtrot_house" title="Dogtrot house">Dogtrot house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_lodge" title="Earth lodge">Earth lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogan" title="Hogan">Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_and_parlor_house" title="Hall and parlor house">Hall and parlor house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-house" title="I-house">I-house</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_cabin" title="Log cabin">Log cabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouses_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_North_America" title="Longhouses of the Indigenous peoples of North America">Longhouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moki_steps" title="Moki steps">Moki steps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plank_house" title="Plank house">Plank house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_mound" title="Platform mound">Platform mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qargi" title="Qargi">Qargi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly_hole" title="Quiggly hole">Quiggly hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramada_(shelter)" title="Ramada (shelter)">Ramada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltbox_house" title="Saltbox house">Saltbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun_house" title="Shotgun house">Shotgun house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipapu" title="Sipapu">Sipapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">Skyscraper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sod_house" title="Sod house">Sod house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweat_lodge" title="Sweat lodge">Sweat lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temples_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipi" title="Tipi">Tipi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_square" title="Town square">Town square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupiq" title="Tupiq">Tupiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam">Wigwam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Atlanta" title="Architecture of Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Boston" title="Architecture of Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Buffalo,_New_York" title="Architecture of Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Chicago" title="Architecture of Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Columbus,_Ohio" title="Architecture of Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Architecture of metropolitan Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Houston" title="Architecture of Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Jacksonville" title="Architecture of Jacksonville">Jacksonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Kansas_City" title="Architecture of Kansas City">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Las_Vegas" title="Architecture of Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Modern_architecture" title="Miami Modern architecture">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buildings_and_architecture_of_New_Orleans" title="Buildings and architecture of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_New_York_City" title="Architecture of New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Architecture in Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Philadelphia" title="Architecture of Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Architecture of Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_San_Antonio" title="Architecture of San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_San_Francisco" title="Architecture of San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Seattle" title="Architecture of Seattle">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Spokane,_Washington" title="Architecture of Spokane, Washington">Spokane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_St._Louis" title="Architecture of St. Louis">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Architecture of Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_California_missions" title="Architecture of the California missions">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_architecture" title="Hawaiian architecture">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Texas" title="Architecture of Texas">Texas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ice" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ice" title="Template:Ice"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ice" title="Template talk:Ice"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ice" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ice"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ice" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">Ice</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>The <a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solid</a> <a href="/wiki/State_of_matter" title="State of matter">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major phases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_ice#Amorphous_ice" title="Phases of ice">Amorphous solid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_ice#Known_phases" title="Phases of ice">Crystalline phases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_ice#Ice_XVIII_(superionic_water)" title="Phases of ice">Superionic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_ice" title="Anchor ice">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cap" title="Ice cap">Cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cave" title="Ice cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_dune" title="Ice dune">Dune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_field" title="Ice field">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceberg" title="Iceberg">Iceberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ice_calving" title="Ice calving">calving</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icicle" title="Icicle">Icicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_jam" title="Ice jam">Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_ice" title="Sea ice">Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_sheet" title="Ice sheet">Sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_spike" title="Ice spike">Spike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalactite#Ice_stalactites" title="Stalactite">Stalactites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_volcano" title="Ice volcano">Volcano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phenomena</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice%E2%80%93albedo_feedback" title="Ice–albedo feedback">Albedo feedback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_ice" title="Black ice">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_circle" title="Ice circle">Circle or disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_ice" title="Clear ice">Clear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_crystals" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice crystals">Crystals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firn" title="Firn">Firn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_fog" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice fog">Fog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazil_ice" title="Frazil ice">Frazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost" title="Frost">Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost_heaving" title="Frost heaving">Frost heave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost_flower" title="Frost flower">Frost flower</a> (<a href="/wiki/Frost_flower_(sea_ice)" title="Frost flower (sea ice)">sea ice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaze_(ice)" title="Glaze (ice)">Glaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">Hail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_ice" title="Hair ice">Hair ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_jacking" title="Ice jacking">Jacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9v%C3%A9" title="Névé">Névé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needle_ice" title="Needle ice">Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_nucleus" title="Ice nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rime_ice" title="Rime ice">Rime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_shove" title="Ice shove">Shove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuga_(ice)" title="Shuga (ice)">Shuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slurry_ice" title="Slurry ice">Slurry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slush" title="Slush">Slush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_storm" title="Ice storm">Storm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ice-related<br />activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_bath" title="Ice bath">Bathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_blasting" title="Ice blasting">Blasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_blocking" title="Ice blocking">Blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">Climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_fishing" title="Ice fishing">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_rafting" title="Ice rafting">Rafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_sculpture" title="Ice sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_skating" title="Ice skating">Skating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Winter_sports" title="Winter sports">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandy" title="Bandy">Bandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceboat" title="Iceboat">Iceboating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cricket" title="Ice cricket">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icetrack_cycling" title="Icetrack cycling">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating" title="Figure skating">Figure skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_racing" title="Ice racing">Ice racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_skating" title="Speed skating">Speed skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-track_speed_skating" title="Short-track speed skating">Short-track speed skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_skating" title="Tour skating">Tour skating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constructions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_bar" title="Ice bar">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_bridge" title="Ice bridge">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hotel" title="Ice hotel">Hotel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_palace" title="Ice palace">Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_pier" title="Ice pier">Pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pykrete" title="Pykrete">Pykrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_rink" title="Ice rink">Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_road" title="Ice road">Road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cutting" title="Ice cutting">Cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebox" title="Icebox">Icebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_house_(building)" title="Ice house (building)">Icehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceman_(occupation)" title="Iceman (occupation)">Iceman (occupation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_pick" title="Ice pick">Pick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_trade" title="Ice trade">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakhch%C4%81l" title="Yakhchāl">Yakhchāl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_chips" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice chips">Chips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_core" title="Ice core">Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cube" title="Ice cube">Cube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_pack" title="Ice pack">Pack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">Ice ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glaciology" title="Glaciology">Glaciology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Ice_Age" title="Little Ice Age">Little Ice Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowball_Earth" title="Snowball Earth">Snowball Earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Water_ice" title="Category:Water ice">Category</a></li> <li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101805#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101805#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101805#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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