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Neo-Andean - Wikipedia

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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arquitectura_Cohetillo.jpg/220px-Arquitectura_Cohetillo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arquitectura_Cohetillo.jpg/330px-Arquitectura_Cohetillo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arquitectura_Cohetillo.jpg/440px-Arquitectura_Cohetillo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>A <i>cholet</i> in El Alto, Bolivia.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Neo-Andean</b> is a contemporary architectural movement primarily situated in <a href="/wiki/El_Alto" title="El Alto">El Alto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, expressed in the city's many <i><b>cholets</b></i> (portmanteau of <i><a href="/wiki/Cholo" title="Cholo">cholo</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Chalet" title="Chalet">chalet</a></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or mini-mansions, and dancehalls.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bolivian architect <a href="/wiki/Freddy_Mamani_(architect)" title="Freddy Mamani (architect)">Freddy Mamani</a> has been described as "the best-known architect" of neo-Andean architecture. Mamani is "a civil engineer who began as a simple laborer two decades ago"; his first building incorporating this style was commissioned by an Alteño businessman in 2002 which was finished in 2005,<sup id="cite_ref-EC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> he has built over 60 similar structures around the city since.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Architecture historian Elisabetta Andreoli described the style, represented in over 100 structures across the El Alto skyline, as neo-Andean. Paola Flores noted that "most [of the neo-Andean structures] have been built since <a href="/wiki/President_of_Bolivia" title="President of Bolivia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales" title="Evo Morales">Evo Morales</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Aymara_people" title="Aymara people">Aymara</a> who is the country's first indigenous leader, took office in 2006. Their emergence coincides with a modest economic boom coupled with a rise in Aymara pride."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> They also coincided with the rapid development and modernization of El Alto, a traditionally low-income area with many unpaved roads and improvised structures. </p><p>The bulk of the buildings in El Alto are simple, unadorned brick structures; Neo-Andean structures are typically similar in underlying structure, but with the addition of very elaborate decorative facades. These facades feature a harmony of cornered straight lines representing the masculine and curves representing the feminine prominent in <a href="/wiki/Tiwanaku" title="Tiwanaku">Tiwanaku</a> ruins known as the <i>chacha-warmi</i>; their colour palette often take on those of traditional Aymara fabrics.<sup id="cite_ref-EC_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Many older buildings around El Alto have been renovated with neo-Andean style facades since the style became popular. </p><p>The term was first used in an architectural journal to reference the style of the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Lima" title="Embassy of the United States, Lima">United States Embassy building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> by <a href="/wiki/Arquitectonica" title="Arquitectonica">Arquitectonica</a> in 1996; it said that the embassy's architect "quite literally took inspiration from <a href="/wiki/History_of_Peru" title="History of Peru">Peruvian history</a>, modelling the base of the building on the structures of the ancient cities of <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cuzco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Machu_Picchu" title="Machu Picchu">Machu Picchu</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Andean&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neo-Andean architecture has generally been received with praise from residents in El Alto. Paola Flores notes that <i>Alteños</i>, or residents of El Alto, "are generally pleased with their contribution to modern architecture," noting of a resident who stated "'To me, it's like a shout that says, 'Here we are! This is what we are!'" and another who remarked "'I am an Aymara woman, proud of my culture, happy and full of color. So why should my home not show what I am?'"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The buildings were featured in <i>Shine Heroes</i> by Frederico Estol, a film about the thousands of <a href="/wiki/Shoeshiner" title="Shoeshiner">shoeshiners</a> of <a href="/wiki/La_Paz" title="La Paz">La Paz</a> and El Alto.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The buildings have been described as "<a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">futuristic</a>" and "funky" by outsiders to Andean culture.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In particular, several<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (September 2023)">who?</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> have drawn comparisons to legendary comic-book artist <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby">Jack Kirby</a>, with many coming to the conclusion that Kirby–also influenced by South American architecture and patterns–and Mamani draw from the same influences.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Andean&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 231.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 229.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cholet1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cholet1.jpg/344px-Cholet1.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cholet1.jpg/516px-Cholet1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cholet1.jpg/688px-Cholet1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="2835" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cholet_El_Alto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Cholet_El_Alto.jpg/169px-Cholet_El_Alto.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Cholet_El_Alto.jpg/253px-Cholet_El_Alto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Cholet_El_Alto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="292" data-file-height="519" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Detalle_candelabro_cholet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Detalle_candelabro_cholet.jpg/400px-Detalle_candelabro_cholet.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Detalle_candelabro_cholet.jpg/600px-Detalle_candelabro_cholet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Detalle_candelabro_cholet.jpg/800px-Detalle_candelabro_cholet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Andean&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nacion.com/mundo/latinoamerica/Cholets-arquitectura-boliviana-simbolo-opulencia_0_1477852318.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Cholets', la nueva arquitectura boliviana, símbolo de la opulencia aymara"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%27Cholets%27%2C+la+nueva+arquitectura+boliviana%2C+s%C3%ADmbolo+de+la+opulencia+aymara&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nacion.com%2Fmundo%2Flatinoamerica%2FCholets-arquitectura-boliviana-simbolo-opulencia_0_1477852318.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeo-Andean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Author picks". <i>The Rough Guide to Bolivia</i>. Apa Publications (UK). 2018. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781786719980" title="Special:BookSources/9781786719980"><bdi>9781786719980</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Author+picks&amp;rft.btitle=The+Rough+Guide+to+Bolivia&amp;rft.pub=Apa+Publications+%28UK%29&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.isbn=9781786719980&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeo-Andean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EC_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EC_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBecerra2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Becerra, Mauricio (18 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elciudadano.com/latinoamerica/freddy-mamani-padre-de-la-arquitectura-neoandina-en-nuestra-sangre-estan-los-colores/09/18/">"Freddy Mamani, padre de la arquitectura neoandina: "En nuestra sangre están los colores"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ciudadano_(Chile)" class="extiw" title="es:El Ciudadano (Chile)">El Ciudadano</a></i> (in Spanish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=El+Ciudadano&amp;rft.atitle=Freddy+Mamani%2C+padre+de+la+arquitectura+neoandina%3A+%E2%80%9CEn+nuestra+sangre+est%C3%A1n+los+colores%E2%80%9D&amp;rft.date=2024-09-18&amp;rft.aulast=Becerra&amp;rft.aufirst=Mauricio&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elciudadano.com%2Flatinoamerica%2Ffreddy-mamani-padre-de-la-arquitectura-neoandina-en-nuestra-sangre-estan-los-colores%2F09%2F18%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeo-Andean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlores2014" class="citation journal cs1">Flores, Paola (5 July 2014). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destinations/south-america/bolivia/el-alto-freddy-mamani-architecture/">the original</a> on May 23, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&amp;rft.atitle=These+Vibrant%2C+Futuristic+Mansions+Are+Popping+Up+in+Bolivia&amp;rft.aulast=Blair&amp;rft.aufirst=Laurence&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Fsouth-america%2Fbolivia%2Fel-alto-freddy-mamani-architecture%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeo-Andean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWainwright2018" class="citation web cs1">Wainwright, Oliver (23 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/23/freddy-mamani-bolivian-architect-party-buildings">"Party palaces and funky funhouses: Freddy Mamani's maverick buildings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Party+palaces+and+funky+funhouses%3A+Freddy+Mamani%27s+maverick+buildings&amp;rft.date=2018-10-23&amp;rft.aulast=Wainwright&amp;rft.aufirst=Oliver&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2018%2Foct%2F23%2Ffreddy-mamani-bolivian-architect-party-buildings&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeo-Andean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Native_american_styles" title="Template:Native american styles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Native_american_styles" title="Template talk:Native american styles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Native_american_styles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Native american styles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Native_American_architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_architecture" title="Indigenous architecture">Native American architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Architecture_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture styles">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inca_architecture" title="Inca architecture">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_architecture" title="Mesoamerican architecture">Mesoamerican</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aztec_architecture" title="Aztec architecture">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_architecture" title="Maya architecture">Maya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puuc" title="Puuc">Puuc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Bec" title="Río Bec">Río Bec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bartolo_(Maya_site)" title="San Bartolo (Maya site)">San Bartolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_Revival_architecture" title="Mayan Revival architecture">Mayan Revival</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_architecture" title="Muisca architecture">Muisca</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neo-Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_architecture" title="Pueblo architecture">Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revival_architecture" title="Pueblo Revival architecture">Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Deco_architecture" title="Pueblo Deco architecture">Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Style" title="Territorial Style">Territorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Revival_architecture" title="Territorial Revival architecture">Territorial Revival</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg/150px-Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg/225px-Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg/300px-Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2851" data-file-height="2139" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">Building types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barabara" title="Barabara">Barabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_crib" title="Corn crib">Corn crib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickee" title="Chickee">Chickee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_lodge" title="Earth lodge">Earth lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guachimontones" title="Guachimontones">Guachimontón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogan" title="Hogan">Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igloo" title="Igloo">Igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouses_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhouses of the indigenous peoples of North America">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maloca" title="Maloca">Maloca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_pyramid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoamerican pyramid">Mesoamerican pyramid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Triadic_pyramid" title="Triadic pyramid">Triadic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin-pyramid_complex" title="Twin-pyramid complex">Twin-pyramids</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oca_(structure)" title="Oca (structure)">Oca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plank_house" title="Plank house">Plank house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukara" title="Pukara">Pukara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qargi" title="Qargi">Qargi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarmaq" title="Qarmaq">Qarmaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly" class="mw-redirect" title="Quiggly">Quiggly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qullqa" title="Qullqa">Qullqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramada_(shelter)" title="Ramada (shelter)">Ramada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruka_(house_type)" title="Ruka (house type)">Ruka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabono" title="Shabono">Shabono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweat_lodge" title="Sweat lodge">Sweat lodge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temazcal" title="Temazcal">Temazcal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipi" title="Tipi">Tipi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupiq" title="Tupiq">Tupiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam">Wigwam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-building_structure_types" title="List of non-building structure types">Structures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballcourt" title="Mesoamerican ballcourt">Ballcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chultun" title="Chultun">Chultun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuel" title="Cuel">Cuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Group" title="E-Group">E-Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moki_steps" title="Moki steps">Moki steps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_mound" title="Platform mound">Platform mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_rope_bridge" title="Inca rope bridge">Rope bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacbe" title="Sacbe">Sacbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushnu" title="Ushnu">Ushnu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashlar" title="Ashlar">Ashlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbel_arch" title="Corbel arch">Corbel arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_comb" title="Roof comb">Roof comb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sascab" title="Sascab">Sascab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipapu" title="Sipapu">Sipapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talud-tablero" title="Talud-tablero">Talud-tablero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐cjv9d Cached time: 20241122154359 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.286 seconds Real time usage: 0.452 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 931/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 29436/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1738/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 40956/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.189/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5484087/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- 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