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if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = [{"id":26988608,"link":"http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/about/staff/dr-robin-eagles-0","name":"Dr Robin Eagles","link_domain":"www.historyofparliamentonline.org","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=www.historyofparliamentonline.org"},{"id":28221043,"link":"https://www.ucl.ac.uk/history/people/academic-staff/robin-eagles","name":"Dr Robin Eagles (UCL)","link_domain":"www.ucl.ac.uk","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=www.ucl.ac.uk"},{"id":33494831,"link":"https://thehistoryofparliament.wordpress.com/the-georgian-lords/","name":"WordPress","link_domain":"thehistoryofparliament.wordpress.com","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=thehistoryofparliament.wordpress.com"}]</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://histparl.academia.edu/RobinEagles","location":"/RobinEagles","scheme":"https","host":"histparl.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/RobinEagles","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-05cf115f-7070-4ce3-aa15-eb1a798471cb"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-05cf115f-7070-4ce3-aa15-eb1a798471cb"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Robin Eagles</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://histparl.academia.edu/">History of Parliament</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://histparl.academia.edu/Departments/The_Lords_1660_1832/Documents">The Lords 1660-1832</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Department Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Robin" data-follow-user-id="19314726" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="19314726"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">116</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">93</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">2</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">I am Editor of the House of Lords 1660-1832 Section at the History of Parliament. <br />My research ranges between the Restoration and the mid-to late 18th century. My interests include aspects of parliamentary history from the early modern period to the late eighteenth century - in particular those relating to the aristocracy; concepts of honour and nobility in the late-seventeenth to mid-eighteenth centuries; diplomacy; interaction between Britain and the continent, and expressions of 'patriotism' exemplified by the opposition to the administration of Walpole.<br />Alongside of these I am also one of the honorary general editors of the London Record Society, with a particular focus on our 17th and 18th-century publications.<br /><b>Address: </b>London, <br />United Kingdom<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19314726">View All (19)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19314726" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://histparl.academia.edu/RobinEagles","location":"/RobinEagles","scheme":"https","host":"histparl.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/RobinEagles","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["History"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-31fa359a-1c91-4625-a333-c6eafcfbd511"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-31fa359a-1c91-4625-a333-c6eafcfbd511"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19314726" 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id="Pill-react-component-64c33f9b-1bdc-4b63-8137-f0b56cb8560f"></div> </a></div></div><div class="external-links-container"><ul class="profile-links new-profile js-UserInfo-social"><li class="profile-profiles js-social-profiles-container"><i class="fa fa-spin fa-spinner"></i></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="nav-container backbone-profile-documents-nav hidden-xs"><ul class="nav-tablist" role="tablist"><li class="nav-chip active" role="presentation"><a data-section-name="" data-toggle="tab" href="#all" role="tab">all</a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Books" data-toggle="tab" href="#books" role="tab" title="Books"><span>4</span> <span 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data-toggle="tab" href="#encyclopediaentries" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>1</span> Encyclopedia entries</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Other" data-toggle="tab" href="#other" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>1</span> Other</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>23</span> Papers</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Books" id="Books"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Books by Robin Eagles</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="84991426"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/84991426/Henry_Bennet_Earl_of_Arlington_And_His_World_Restoration_Court_Politics_And_Diplomacy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Henry Bennet, Earl of Arlington, And His World: Restoration Court, Politics And Diplomacy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/84991426/Henry_Bennet_Earl_of_Arlington_And_His_World_Restoration_Court_Politics_And_Diplomacy">Henry Bennet, Earl of Arlington, And His World: Restoration Court, Politics And Diplomacy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This book offers the first major reassessment of the life and work of Sir Henry Bennet, earl of A...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This book offers the first major reassessment of the life and work of Sir Henry Bennet, earl of Arlington, for over a century. Arlington was one of Charles II’s chief ministers and the book charts his early years through to the careers of his descendants, examining his political development as a courtier, diplomat, linguist and politician. Authored by a series of experts in the field, the book not only shines a light on his career, but also on Charles II’s reign as a whole, on the Cavalier court and on Restoration politics. Arlington was a significant player in international politics and this is reflected in the collection’s treatment of his time abroad in the 1650s, his central role as an advisor and ambassador, and his influence in Ireland.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="84991426"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="84991426"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84991426; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84991426]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84991426]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84991426; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='84991426']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 84991426, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=84991426]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":84991426,"title":"Henry Bennet, Earl of Arlington, And His World: Restoration Court, Politics And Diplomacy","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This book offers the first major reassessment of the life and work of Sir Henry Bennet, earl of Arlington, for over a century. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Journal articles" id="Journal articles"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Journal articles by Robin Eagles</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="29665009"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/29665009/_Frederick_Prince_of_Wales_the_Court_of_Leicester_House_and_the_Patriot_Opposition_to_Walpole_c_1733_1742_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of "Frederick, Prince of Wales, the ‘Court’ of Leicester House and the ‘Patriot’ Opposition to Walpole, c.1733–1742"" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50497033/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/29665009/_Frederick_Prince_of_Wales_the_Court_of_Leicester_House_and_the_Patriot_Opposition_to_Walpole_c_1733_1742_">"Frederick, Prince of Wales, the ‘Court’ of Leicester House and the ‘Patriot’ Opposition to Walpole, c.1733–1742"</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The character and reputation of Frederick, prince of Wales, have long divided historians. His app...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The character and reputation of Frederick, prince of Wales, have long divided historians. His apparently piecemeal efforts at opposition have been dismissed as lacking in focus, while his mercurial character and early demise have left him difficult to assess. The aim of this article is to attempt once more to reappraise the Prince both as a man at the head of a specific political interest but also more broadly as the symbolic figurehead of a wider patriot movement within society. Through analysis of the contemporary press, and of some of the key members of the Prince's own household, this essay will argue that Prince Frederick was more than just a figurehead for the patriots, if impeded by circumstances and occasionally distracted by his own protean tendencies.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4ac3e48f14755b48e365f1bdce66b3c8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50497033,"asset_id":29665009,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50497033/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="29665009"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29665009"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29665009; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29665009]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29665009]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29665009; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='29665009']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29665009, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4ac3e48f14755b48e365f1bdce66b3c8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=29665009]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":29665009,"title":"\"Frederick, Prince of Wales, the ‘Court’ of Leicester House and the ‘Patriot’ Opposition to Walpole, c.1733–1742\"","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The character and reputation of Frederick, prince of Wales, have long divided historians. His apparently piecemeal efforts at opposition have been dismissed as lacking in focus, while his mercurial character and early demise have left him difficult to assess. The aim of this article is to attempt once more to reappraise the Prince both as a man at the head of a specific political interest but also more broadly as the symbolic figurehead of a wider patriot movement within society. Through analysis of the contemporary press, and of some of the key members of the Prince's own household, this essay will argue that Prince Frederick was more than just a figurehead for the patriots, if impeded by circumstances and occasionally distracted by his own protean tendencies."},"translated_abstract":"The character and reputation of Frederick, prince of Wales, have long divided historians. His apparently piecemeal efforts at opposition have been dismissed as lacking in focus, while his mercurial character and early demise have left him difficult to assess. 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Through analysis of the contemporary press, and of some of the key members of the Prince's own household, this essay will argue that Prince Frederick was more than just a figurehead for the patriots, if impeded by circumstances and occasionally distracted by his own protean tendencies.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29665009/_Frederick_Prince_of_Wales_the_Court_of_Leicester_House_and_the_Patriot_Opposition_to_Walpole_c_1733_1742_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-11-04T06:10:54.122-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":false,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":19314726,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50497033,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50497033/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_character_and_reputation_of_Frederick.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50497033/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Frederick_Prince_of_Wales_the_Court_of.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50497033/The_character_and_reputation_of_Frederick-libre.pdf?1479895946=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFrederick_Prince_of_Wales_the_Court_of.pdf\u0026Expires=1733273087\u0026Signature=Rfb8UjkWdBcHYF8EVjh00JNs-IvhXxsb4VZtLIwiD8gj4Lvt8wHs9XXaOtUWqJ~olnB2CRdkWVYClMujtTmeNyhuQMNQV1wWKan9X7rNrXDthml16bCdM-icmTnsByD0Wrs3xueLLaon7mJy3OCj~2egIvK5Fzgu7-AJI7l9Og7Jfg82rKdl-OAz7Mf~YQ1bUcLLvlizfV0Q3oKXz7zkTqkcQOzKDqzp4L89VxXDwQAdVoZBCL11xZn~fiYHOoLDVoYk84~KxPQ8oGruMkpAqWhgcb2u5R63VlL05DhRNY9PqfMMfyW-KXpkqjjyUuJxlIVkBK3wqsxYxB~nWek1Gw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"_Frederick_Prince_of_Wales_the_Court_of_Leicester_House_and_the_Patriot_Opposition_to_Walpole_c_1733_1742_","translated_slug":"","page_count":1,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":19314726,"first_name":"Robin","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Eagles","page_name":"RobinEagles","domain_name":"histparl","created_at":"2014-10-19T00:47:02.247-07:00","display_name":"Robin Eagles","url":"https://histparl.academia.edu/RobinEagles"},"attachments":[{"id":50497033,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50497033/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_character_and_reputation_of_Frederick.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50497033/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Frederick_Prince_of_Wales_the_Court_of.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50497033/The_character_and_reputation_of_Frederick-libre.pdf?1479895946=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFrederick_Prince_of_Wales_the_Court_of.pdf\u0026Expires=1733273087\u0026Signature=Rfb8UjkWdBcHYF8EVjh00JNs-IvhXxsb4VZtLIwiD8gj4Lvt8wHs9XXaOtUWqJ~olnB2CRdkWVYClMujtTmeNyhuQMNQV1wWKan9X7rNrXDthml16bCdM-icmTnsByD0Wrs3xueLLaon7mJy3OCj~2egIvK5Fzgu7-AJI7l9Og7Jfg82rKdl-OAz7Mf~YQ1bUcLLvlizfV0Q3oKXz7zkTqkcQOzKDqzp4L89VxXDwQAdVoZBCL11xZn~fiYHOoLDVoYk84~KxPQ8oGruMkpAqWhgcb2u5R63VlL05DhRNY9PqfMMfyW-KXpkqjjyUuJxlIVkBK3wqsxYxB~nWek1Gw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History"},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture"},{"id":25172,"name":"Courts and Elites (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Courts_and_Elites_History_"},{"id":27831,"name":"18th Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century"}],"urls":[{"id":7713057,"url":"http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/P793HhtUUFrmpA4AsWX5/full"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8849375"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8849375/Unnatural_Allies_The_Oxfordshire_Elite_from_the_Exclusion_Crisis_to_the_Overthrow_of_James_II"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Unnatural Allies? The Oxfordshire Elite from the Exclusion Crisis to the Overthrow of James II" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46565959/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8849375/Unnatural_Allies_The_Oxfordshire_Elite_from_the_Exclusion_Crisis_to_the_Overthrow_of_James_II">Unnatural Allies? The Oxfordshire Elite from the Exclusion Crisis to the Overthrow of James II</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1750-0206.2007.tb00699.x/abstract</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a9537505860d1fb959bd08fb36e9f8ce" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46565959,"asset_id":8849375,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46565959/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8849375"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8849375"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8849375; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8849375]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8849375]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8849375; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8849375']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8849375, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a9537505860d1fb959bd08fb36e9f8ce" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8849375]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8849375,"title":"Unnatural Allies? 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8849398"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8849398/Geoffrey_Holmes_and_the_House_of_Lords_Reconsidered"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Geoffrey Holmes and the House of Lords Reconsidered" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52565451/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8849398/Geoffrey_Holmes_and_the_House_of_Lords_Reconsidered">Geoffrey Holmes and the House of Lords Reconsidered</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Parliamentary History</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The publication of Geoffrey Holmes's British Politics in the Age of Anne, arguably, did more than...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The publication of Geoffrey Holmes's British Politics in the Age of Anne, arguably, did more than any other volume of the period to reinvigorate interest in the house of lords in the Augustan period. The upper chamber, which had been largely overlooked by historians such as Sir Lewis Namier and Robert Walcott, had come to be regarded as a very inferior partner to the house of commons, populated by great landowners whose principal interest was to see the furtherance of their kinship networks. Holmes's work demonstrated clearly the central role of the Lords in British political life and revised radically the accepted orthodoxy that family predominated over ideology in the early 18th century. This article seeks to reassess Holmes's contribution to the study of the Lords in the light of research undertaken since the publication of British Politics and to suggest some ways in which Holmes's model, which remains broadly unassailable, might be reshaped.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="508083b5f7645e6d6b860ead5c5fcf79" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":52565451,"asset_id":8849398,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52565451/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8849398"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8849398"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8849398; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8849398]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8849398]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8849398; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8849398']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8849398, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "508083b5f7645e6d6b860ead5c5fcf79" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8849398]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8849398,"title":"Geoffrey Holmes and the House of Lords Reconsidered","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The publication of Geoffrey Holmes's British Politics in the Age of Anne, arguably, did more than any other volume of the period to reinvigorate interest in the house of lords in the Augustan period. 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Holmes's work demonstrated clearly the central role of the Lords in British political life and revised radically the accepted orthodoxy that family predominated over ideology in the early 18th century. 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Reactions to the death of Frederick Lewis, prince of Wales" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46283096/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8849399/No_more_to_be_said_Reactions_to_the_death_of_Frederick_Lewis_prince_of_Wales">No more to be said?? Reactions to the death of Frederick Lewis, prince of Wales</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Historical Research</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The untimely death of Frederick, prince of Wales, in 1751 has inevitably had an impact on the way...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The untimely death of Frederick, prince of Wales, in 1751 has inevitably had an impact on the way in which he has been treated by historians. While some have considered the influence his opposition grouping at Leicester House had on the policies of his son, George III, most have been happy to rely on a few well-known sources in considering the immediate repercussions of his death. This article seeks to reappraise the reaction to Prince Frederick's unexpected demise by considering the politics behind the ceremonial of his funeral, the debates in parliament over the drawing up of the Regency Bill, and the wider public response as revealed in newspapers, sermons and verse.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d214c92338b0e23b9aefcd163d3a83e5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46283096,"asset_id":8849399,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46283096/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8849399"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8849399"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8849399; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8849399]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8849399]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8849399; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8849399']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8849399, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d214c92338b0e23b9aefcd163d3a83e5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8849399]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8849399,"title":"No more to be said?? 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src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/48431347/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8849501/If_he_deserves_it_William_of_Oranges_Pre_Revolution_British_Contacts_and_Gilbert_Burnets_proposals_for_the_post_revolution_administration_Parliamentary_History_32_1_2013_">'If he deserves it': William of Orange's Pre-Revolution British Contacts and Gilbert Burnet's proposals for the post-revolution administration, Parliamentary History 32:1 (2013)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The revolution of 1688–9 has been studied from a variety of angles, but few historians have paid ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The revolution of 1688–9 has been studied from a variety of angles, but few historians have paid much attention to the sheer depth of William of Orange's acquaintance with a broad swathe of British society. Many of the choices the prince made during the invasion and in the years leading up to it were influenced by his contacts in Britain. He knew the court well and had made some efforts to influence the timings of parliaments and the direction of policy under his uncles, Charles II and James II. The shape of the regime that emerged after his successful overthrow of James II was also informed by his knowledge of a number of senior British politicians and this is reflected in a list compiled by one of his followers, Gilbert Burnet, in the course of the revolution. This article seeks to cast new light on the preparations that lay behind the invasion and the reasons for the appointments that were made in the new administration of William and Mary.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="15fc7b48a13fe1e2c011267b96b3ac7a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":48431347,"asset_id":8849501,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48431347/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8849501"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8849501"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8849501; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8849501]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8849501]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8849501; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8849501']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8849501, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "15fc7b48a13fe1e2c011267b96b3ac7a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8849501]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8849501,"title":"'If he deserves it': William of Orange's Pre-Revolution British Contacts and Gilbert Burnet's proposals for the post-revolution administration, Parliamentary History 32:1 (2013)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The revolution of 1688–9 has been studied from a variety of angles, but few historians have paid much attention to the sheer depth of William of Orange's acquaintance with a broad swathe of British society. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9027663"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9027663/_I_have_neither_interest_nor_eloquence_sufficient_to_prevaile_The_duke_of_Shrewsbury_and_the_politics_of_succession_during_the_reign_of_Anne_eBLJ_2015_article_11"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of '"I have neither interest nor eloquence sufficient to prevaile": The duke of Shrewsbury and the politics of succession during the reign of Anne', eBLJ (2015), article 11" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40600135/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9027663/_I_have_neither_interest_nor_eloquence_sufficient_to_prevaile_The_duke_of_Shrewsbury_and_the_politics_of_succession_during_the_reign_of_Anne_eBLJ_2015_article_11">'"I have neither interest nor eloquence sufficient to prevaile": The duke of Shrewsbury and the politics of succession during the reign of Anne', eBLJ (2015), article 11</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Abstract On 13 April 1710 Queen Anne deprived the marquess of Kent of the office of lord chamberl...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Abstract<br />On 13 April 1710 Queen Anne deprived the marquess of Kent of the office of lord chamberlain and appointed in his stead Charles Talbot, duke of Shrewsbury. Many have seen in this event the opening salvo in Robert Harley's assault on the ministry of the duumvirs, Godolphin and Marlborough, which culminated in the establishment of the Harley ministry later that year. Shrewsbury's role in all of this has tended to be overlooked, in spite of his subsequent appointment as lord treasurer in Harley's place at the close of Anne's reign. This paper seeks to return the focus to Shrewsbury as a politician of real weight and to reconsider his role in the events of spring 1710 and summer 1714.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e2f87ceca1cfff5defbc3d540dd74cf9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40600135,"asset_id":9027663,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40600135/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9027663"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9027663"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9027663; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9027663]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9027663]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9027663; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9027663']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9027663, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e2f87ceca1cfff5defbc3d540dd74cf9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9027663]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9027663,"title":"'\"I have neither interest nor eloquence sufficient to prevaile\": The duke of Shrewsbury and the politics of succession during the reign of Anne', eBLJ (2015), article 11","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Abstract\nOn 13 April 1710 Queen Anne deprived the marquess of Kent of the office of lord chamberlain and appointed in his stead Charles Talbot, duke of Shrewsbury. Many have seen in this event the opening salvo in Robert Harley's assault on the ministry of the duumvirs, Godolphin and Marlborough, which culminated in the establishment of the Harley ministry later that year. Shrewsbury's role in all of this has tended to be overlooked, in spite of his subsequent appointment as lord treasurer in Harley's place at the close of Anne's reign. This paper seeks to return the focus to Shrewsbury as a politician of real weight and to reconsider his role in the events of spring 1710 and summer 1714."},"translated_abstract":"Abstract\nOn 13 April 1710 Queen Anne deprived the marquess of Kent of the office of lord chamberlain and appointed in his stead Charles Talbot, duke of Shrewsbury. Many have seen in this event the opening salvo in Robert Harley's assault on the ministry of the duumvirs, Godolphin and Marlborough, which culminated in the establishment of the Harley ministry later that year. Shrewsbury's role in all of this has tended to be overlooked, in spite of his subsequent appointment as lord treasurer in Harley's place at the close of Anne's reign. 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Locating Arlington's Connections" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/84991233/The_Inkhorn_Lord_Locating_Arlingtons_Connections">'The Inkhorn Lord'? 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Conference papers and online publications" id="Conference papers and online publications"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Conference papers and online publications by Robin Eagles</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="29492353"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/29492353/_Vicious_scandalous_refractory_or_otherwise_not_qualified_Lord_Hatton_s_mission_to_Guernsey_1662_5"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of ‘Vicious, scandalous, refractory or otherwise not qualified’: Lord Hatton’s mission to Guernsey 1662-5" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/49932711/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/29492353/_Vicious_scandalous_refractory_or_otherwise_not_qualified_Lord_Hatton_s_mission_to_Guernsey_1662_5">‘Vicious, scandalous, refractory or otherwise not qualified’: Lord Hatton’s mission to Guernsey 1662-5</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c5a8d34c81c03ecb4cebd85b9a78c024" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":49932711,"asset_id":29492353,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49932711/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="29492353"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29492353"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29492353; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="29232076"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/29232076/Parliamentary_Intoxication"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Parliamentary Intoxication" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50897407/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/29232076/Parliamentary_Intoxication">Parliamentary Intoxication</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">While it might be too much to suggest that alcohol was the life-blood of Restoration and Augustan...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">While it might be too much to suggest that alcohol was the life-blood of Restoration and Augustan parliamentary society, it seems fair enough to suggest that it was a significant element that helped sway opinion, was a source of much needed tax-raising potential and, of course, helped keep members well-lubricated during lengthy sessions. One need only perform a cursory search on British History Online to see that this is so. A search for the term “beer’ limited to Parliament and to the 17th century results in 751 hits, for the 18th century 233 hits; a similar search on “ale” results in 690 hits for the 17th century and 212 for the 18th; while “wine” in the 17th century produces 1,472 hits and for the 18th (a rather modest) 268: in all, then, 3,626 mentions – and these comprising just three varieties of alcohol.  It may be a blunt instrument, but as an indicator of the time given over by Parliament to matters related to beers and wines it is at least suggestive that this was a topic that kept many a parliamentarian busy during the period.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e861d62dbd15d15db92c7b6aa6319b4b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50897407,"asset_id":29232076,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50897407/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="29232076"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29232076"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29232076; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29232076]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29232076]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29232076; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='29232076']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29232076, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e861d62dbd15d15db92c7b6aa6319b4b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=29232076]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":29232076,"title":"Parliamentary Intoxication","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"While it might be too much to suggest that alcohol was the life-blood of Restoration and Augustan parliamentary society, it seems fair enough to suggest that it was a significant element that helped sway opinion, was a source of much needed tax-raising potential and, of course, helped keep members well-lubricated during lengthy sessions. One need only perform a cursory search on British History Online to see that this is so. A search for the term “beer’ limited to Parliament and to the 17th century results in 751 hits, for the 18th century 233 hits; a similar search on “ale” results in 690 hits for the 17th century and 212 for the 18th; while “wine” in the 17th century produces 1,472 hits and for the 18th (a rather modest) 268: in all, then, 3,626 mentions – and these comprising just three varieties of alcohol. It may be a blunt instrument, but as an indicator of the time given over by Parliament to matters related to beers and wines it is at least suggestive that this was a topic that kept many a parliamentarian busy during the period."},"translated_abstract":"While it might be too much to suggest that alcohol was the life-blood of Restoration and Augustan parliamentary society, it seems fair enough to suggest that it was a significant element that helped sway opinion, was a source of much needed tax-raising potential and, of course, helped keep members well-lubricated during lengthy sessions. One need only perform a cursory search on British History Online to see that this is so. A search for the term “beer’ limited to Parliament and to the 17th century results in 751 hits, for the 18th century 233 hits; a similar search on “ale” results in 690 hits for the 17th century and 212 for the 18th; while “wine” in the 17th century produces 1,472 hits and for the 18th (a rather modest) 268: in all, then, 3,626 mentions – and these comprising just three varieties of alcohol. 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Honour and corruption within the House of Lords c.1688-1700" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39353478/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8880536/Open_house_at_hell_Honour_and_corruption_within_the_House_of_Lords_c_1688_1700">'Open house at hell'? Honour and corruption within the House of Lords c.1688-1700</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper reconsiders whether the House of Lords was the subject of widespread corruption during...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper reconsiders whether the House of Lords was the subject of widespread corruption during the reigns of William III and Mary II. Considering both the physical state of individual peers and investigations into abuses of privilege, it seeks to examine the extent to which there was a problem in the body politic in this period.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1fdb2e0644e88aad61827981ae9bb2ae" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39353478,"asset_id":8880536,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39353478/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8880536"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8880536"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8880536; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8880536]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8880536]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8880536; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8880536']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8880536, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1fdb2e0644e88aad61827981ae9bb2ae" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8880536]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8880536,"title":"'Open house at hell'? 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Arlington was one of Charles II’s chief ministers and the book charts his early years through to the careers of his descendants, examining his political development as a courtier, diplomat, linguist and politician. Authored by a series of experts in the field, the book not only shines a light on his career, but also on Charles II’s reign as a whole, on the Cavalier court and on Restoration politics. 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(Cambridge University Press, 2016)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RuthPaley">Ruth Paley</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://histparl.academia.edu/RobinEagles">Robin Eagles</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CharlesLittleton">Charles Littleton</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The House of Lords, 1660–1715 5 Volume Hardback Set EDITOR: Ruth Paley, History of Parliament Tr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The House of Lords, 1660–1715<br />5 Volume Hardback Set<br /><br />EDITOR: Ruth Paley, History of Parliament Trust<br />Beverly Adams, Anne Creighton, Robin Eagles, Stuart Handley, Andrew Hanham, Richard Harrison, David Hayton, Paul Hunneyball, Matthew Kilburn, Charles Littleton, Ruth Paley, Paul Seaward, Graham Townend</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26780437"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26780437"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26780437; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26780437]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26780437]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26780437; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26780437']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26780437, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26780437]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26780437,"title":"The History of Parliament: the Lords 1660-1715, ed. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="5996388" id="journalarticles"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="29665009"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/29665009/_Frederick_Prince_of_Wales_the_Court_of_Leicester_House_and_the_Patriot_Opposition_to_Walpole_c_1733_1742_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of "Frederick, Prince of Wales, the ‘Court’ of Leicester House and the ‘Patriot’ Opposition to Walpole, c.1733–1742"" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50497033/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/29665009/_Frederick_Prince_of_Wales_the_Court_of_Leicester_House_and_the_Patriot_Opposition_to_Walpole_c_1733_1742_">"Frederick, Prince of Wales, the ‘Court’ of Leicester House and the ‘Patriot’ Opposition to Walpole, c.1733–1742"</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The character and reputation of Frederick, prince of Wales, have long divided historians. His app...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The character and reputation of Frederick, prince of Wales, have long divided historians. His apparently piecemeal efforts at opposition have been dismissed as lacking in focus, while his mercurial character and early demise have left him difficult to assess. The aim of this article is to attempt once more to reappraise the Prince both as a man at the head of a specific political interest but also more broadly as the symbolic figurehead of a wider patriot movement within society. Through analysis of the contemporary press, and of some of the key members of the Prince's own household, this essay will argue that Prince Frederick was more than just a figurehead for the patriots, if impeded by circumstances and occasionally distracted by his own protean tendencies.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4ac3e48f14755b48e365f1bdce66b3c8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50497033,"asset_id":29665009,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50497033/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzI2OTQ4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="29665009"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29665009"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29665009; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29665009]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29665009]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29665009; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='29665009']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29665009, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4ac3e48f14755b48e365f1bdce66b3c8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=29665009]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":29665009,"title":"\"Frederick, Prince of Wales, the ‘Court’ of Leicester House and the ‘Patriot’ Opposition to Walpole, c.1733–1742\"","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The character and reputation of Frederick, prince of Wales, have long divided historians. 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The Oxfordshire Elite from the Exclusion Crisis to the Overthrow of James II</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1750-0206.2007.tb00699.x/abstract</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a9537505860d1fb959bd08fb36e9f8ce" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46565959,"asset_id":8849375,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46565959/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8849375"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8849375"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8849375; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8849375]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8849375]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8849375; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8849375']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8849375, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a9537505860d1fb959bd08fb36e9f8ce" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8849375]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8849375,"title":"Unnatural Allies? 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8849398"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8849398/Geoffrey_Holmes_and_the_House_of_Lords_Reconsidered"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Geoffrey Holmes and the House of Lords Reconsidered" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52565451/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8849398/Geoffrey_Holmes_and_the_House_of_Lords_Reconsidered">Geoffrey Holmes and the House of Lords Reconsidered</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Parliamentary History</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The publication of Geoffrey Holmes's British Politics in the Age of Anne, arguably, did more than...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The publication of Geoffrey Holmes's British Politics in the Age of Anne, arguably, did more than any other volume of the period to reinvigorate interest in the house of lords in the Augustan period. The upper chamber, which had been largely overlooked by historians such as Sir Lewis Namier and Robert Walcott, had come to be regarded as a very inferior partner to the house of commons, populated by great landowners whose principal interest was to see the furtherance of their kinship networks. Holmes's work demonstrated clearly the central role of the Lords in British political life and revised radically the accepted orthodoxy that family predominated over ideology in the early 18th century. This article seeks to reassess Holmes's contribution to the study of the Lords in the light of research undertaken since the publication of British Politics and to suggest some ways in which Holmes's model, which remains broadly unassailable, might be reshaped.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="508083b5f7645e6d6b860ead5c5fcf79" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":52565451,"asset_id":8849398,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52565451/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8849398"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8849398"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8849398; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8849398]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8849398]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8849398; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8849398']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8849398, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "508083b5f7645e6d6b860ead5c5fcf79" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8849398]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8849398,"title":"Geoffrey Holmes and the House of Lords Reconsidered","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The publication of Geoffrey Holmes's British Politics in the Age of Anne, arguably, did more than any other volume of the period to reinvigorate interest in the house of lords in the Augustan period. 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Reactions to the death of Frederick Lewis, prince of Wales" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46283096/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8849399/No_more_to_be_said_Reactions_to_the_death_of_Frederick_Lewis_prince_of_Wales">No more to be said?? Reactions to the death of Frederick Lewis, prince of Wales</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Historical Research</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The untimely death of Frederick, prince of Wales, in 1751 has inevitably had an impact on the way...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The untimely death of Frederick, prince of Wales, in 1751 has inevitably had an impact on the way in which he has been treated by historians. While some have considered the influence his opposition grouping at Leicester House had on the policies of his son, George III, most have been happy to rely on a few well-known sources in considering the immediate repercussions of his death. This article seeks to reappraise the reaction to Prince Frederick's unexpected demise by considering the politics behind the ceremonial of his funeral, the debates in parliament over the drawing up of the Regency Bill, and the wider public response as revealed in newspapers, sermons and verse.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d214c92338b0e23b9aefcd163d3a83e5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46283096,"asset_id":8849399,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46283096/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8849399"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8849399"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8849399; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8849399]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8849399]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8849399; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8849399']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8849399, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d214c92338b0e23b9aefcd163d3a83e5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8849399]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8849399,"title":"No more to be said?? 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src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/48431347/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8849501/If_he_deserves_it_William_of_Oranges_Pre_Revolution_British_Contacts_and_Gilbert_Burnets_proposals_for_the_post_revolution_administration_Parliamentary_History_32_1_2013_">'If he deserves it': William of Orange's Pre-Revolution British Contacts and Gilbert Burnet's proposals for the post-revolution administration, Parliamentary History 32:1 (2013)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The revolution of 1688–9 has been studied from a variety of angles, but few historians have paid ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The revolution of 1688–9 has been studied from a variety of angles, but few historians have paid much attention to the sheer depth of William of Orange's acquaintance with a broad swathe of British society. Many of the choices the prince made during the invasion and in the years leading up to it were influenced by his contacts in Britain. He knew the court well and had made some efforts to influence the timings of parliaments and the direction of policy under his uncles, Charles II and James II. The shape of the regime that emerged after his successful overthrow of James II was also informed by his knowledge of a number of senior British politicians and this is reflected in a list compiled by one of his followers, Gilbert Burnet, in the course of the revolution. This article seeks to cast new light on the preparations that lay behind the invasion and the reasons for the appointments that were made in the new administration of William and Mary.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="15fc7b48a13fe1e2c011267b96b3ac7a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":48431347,"asset_id":8849501,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48431347/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8849501"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8849501"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8849501; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8849501]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8849501]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8849501; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8849501']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8849501, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "15fc7b48a13fe1e2c011267b96b3ac7a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8849501]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8849501,"title":"'If he deserves it': William of Orange's Pre-Revolution British Contacts and Gilbert Burnet's proposals for the post-revolution administration, Parliamentary History 32:1 (2013)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The revolution of 1688–9 has been studied from a variety of angles, but few historians have paid much attention to the sheer depth of William of Orange's acquaintance with a broad swathe of British society. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9027663"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9027663/_I_have_neither_interest_nor_eloquence_sufficient_to_prevaile_The_duke_of_Shrewsbury_and_the_politics_of_succession_during_the_reign_of_Anne_eBLJ_2015_article_11"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of '"I have neither interest nor eloquence sufficient to prevaile": The duke of Shrewsbury and the politics of succession during the reign of Anne', eBLJ (2015), article 11" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40600135/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9027663/_I_have_neither_interest_nor_eloquence_sufficient_to_prevaile_The_duke_of_Shrewsbury_and_the_politics_of_succession_during_the_reign_of_Anne_eBLJ_2015_article_11">'"I have neither interest nor eloquence sufficient to prevaile": The duke of Shrewsbury and the politics of succession during the reign of Anne', eBLJ (2015), article 11</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Abstract On 13 April 1710 Queen Anne deprived the marquess of Kent of the office of lord chamberl...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Abstract<br />On 13 April 1710 Queen Anne deprived the marquess of Kent of the office of lord chamberlain and appointed in his stead Charles Talbot, duke of Shrewsbury. Many have seen in this event the opening salvo in Robert Harley's assault on the ministry of the duumvirs, Godolphin and Marlborough, which culminated in the establishment of the Harley ministry later that year. Shrewsbury's role in all of this has tended to be overlooked, in spite of his subsequent appointment as lord treasurer in Harley's place at the close of Anne's reign. This paper seeks to return the focus to Shrewsbury as a politician of real weight and to reconsider his role in the events of spring 1710 and summer 1714.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e2f87ceca1cfff5defbc3d540dd74cf9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40600135,"asset_id":9027663,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40600135/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9027663"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9027663"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9027663; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9027663]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9027663]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9027663; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9027663']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9027663, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e2f87ceca1cfff5defbc3d540dd74cf9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9027663]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9027663,"title":"'\"I have neither interest nor eloquence sufficient to prevaile\": The duke of Shrewsbury and the politics of succession during the reign of Anne', eBLJ (2015), article 11","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Abstract\nOn 13 April 1710 Queen Anne deprived the marquess of Kent of the office of lord chamberlain and appointed in his stead Charles Talbot, duke of Shrewsbury. Many have seen in this event the opening salvo in Robert Harley's assault on the ministry of the duumvirs, Godolphin and Marlborough, which culminated in the establishment of the Harley ministry later that year. Shrewsbury's role in all of this has tended to be overlooked, in spite of his subsequent appointment as lord treasurer in Harley's place at the close of Anne's reign. This paper seeks to return the focus to Shrewsbury as a politician of real weight and to reconsider his role in the events of spring 1710 and summer 1714."},"translated_abstract":"Abstract\nOn 13 April 1710 Queen Anne deprived the marquess of Kent of the office of lord chamberlain and appointed in his stead Charles Talbot, duke of Shrewsbury. Many have seen in this event the opening salvo in Robert Harley's assault on the ministry of the duumvirs, Godolphin and Marlborough, which culminated in the establishment of the Harley ministry later that year. Shrewsbury's role in all of this has tended to be overlooked, in spite of his subsequent appointment as lord treasurer in Harley's place at the close of Anne's reign. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="29232076"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/29232076/Parliamentary_Intoxication"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Parliamentary Intoxication" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50897407/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/29232076/Parliamentary_Intoxication">Parliamentary Intoxication</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">While it might be too much to suggest that alcohol was the life-blood of Restoration and Augustan...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">While it might be too much to suggest that alcohol was the life-blood of Restoration and Augustan parliamentary society, it seems fair enough to suggest that it was a significant element that helped sway opinion, was a source of much needed tax-raising potential and, of course, helped keep members well-lubricated during lengthy sessions. One need only perform a cursory search on British History Online to see that this is so. A search for the term “beer’ limited to Parliament and to the 17th century results in 751 hits, for the 18th century 233 hits; a similar search on “ale” results in 690 hits for the 17th century and 212 for the 18th; while “wine” in the 17th century produces 1,472 hits and for the 18th (a rather modest) 268: in all, then, 3,626 mentions – and these comprising just three varieties of alcohol.  It may be a blunt instrument, but as an indicator of the time given over by Parliament to matters related to beers and wines it is at least suggestive that this was a topic that kept many a parliamentarian busy during the period.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e861d62dbd15d15db92c7b6aa6319b4b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50897407,"asset_id":29232076,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50897407/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="29232076"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29232076"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29232076; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29232076]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29232076]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29232076; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='29232076']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29232076, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e861d62dbd15d15db92c7b6aa6319b4b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=29232076]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":29232076,"title":"Parliamentary Intoxication","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"While it might be too much to suggest that alcohol was the life-blood of Restoration and Augustan parliamentary society, it seems fair enough to suggest that it was a significant element that helped sway opinion, was a source of much needed tax-raising potential and, of course, helped keep members well-lubricated during lengthy sessions. One need only perform a cursory search on British History Online to see that this is so. A search for the term “beer’ limited to Parliament and to the 17th century results in 751 hits, for the 18th century 233 hits; a similar search on “ale” results in 690 hits for the 17th century and 212 for the 18th; while “wine” in the 17th century produces 1,472 hits and for the 18th (a rather modest) 268: in all, then, 3,626 mentions – and these comprising just three varieties of alcohol. It may be a blunt instrument, but as an indicator of the time given over by Parliament to matters related to beers and wines it is at least suggestive that this was a topic that kept many a parliamentarian busy during the period."},"translated_abstract":"While it might be too much to suggest that alcohol was the life-blood of Restoration and Augustan parliamentary society, it seems fair enough to suggest that it was a significant element that helped sway opinion, was a source of much needed tax-raising potential and, of course, helped keep members well-lubricated during lengthy sessions. One need only perform a cursory search on British History Online to see that this is so. A search for the term “beer’ limited to Parliament and to the 17th century results in 751 hits, for the 18th century 233 hits; a similar search on “ale” results in 690 hits for the 17th century and 212 for the 18th; while “wine” in the 17th century produces 1,472 hits and for the 18th (a rather modest) 268: in all, then, 3,626 mentions – and these comprising just three varieties of alcohol. 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Honour and corruption within the House of Lords c.1688-1700" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39353478/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8880536/Open_house_at_hell_Honour_and_corruption_within_the_House_of_Lords_c_1688_1700">'Open house at hell'? Honour and corruption within the House of Lords c.1688-1700</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper reconsiders whether the House of Lords was the subject of widespread corruption during...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper reconsiders whether the House of Lords was the subject of widespread corruption during the reigns of William III and Mary II. Considering both the physical state of individual peers and investigations into abuses of privilege, it seeks to examine the extent to which there was a problem in the body politic in this period.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1fdb2e0644e88aad61827981ae9bb2ae" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39353478,"asset_id":8880536,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39353478/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8880536"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8880536"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8880536; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8880536]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8880536]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8880536; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8880536']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8880536, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1fdb2e0644e88aad61827981ae9bb2ae" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=8880536]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":8880536,"title":"'Open house at hell'? 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="2681100" id="blogs"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33476713"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33476713/Snap_election_of_1747"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Snap election of 1747" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53519542/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33476713/Snap_election_of_1747">Snap election of 1747</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In 1747 the Pelham ministry decided to hold a snap election to frustrate the plans of the new Pat...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In 1747 the Pelham ministry decided to hold a snap election to frustrate the plans of the new Patriot opposition grouping coalescing around Frederick Prince of Wales. The result was an election with a strikingly small number of contests, but a resounding victory for the ministry.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c2ef7c4f5dc354a4ad66e985b2d28ddc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53519542,"asset_id":33476713,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53519542/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33476713"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33476713"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33476713; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33476713]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33476713]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33476713; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33476713']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33476713, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c2ef7c4f5dc354a4ad66e985b2d28ddc" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33476713]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33476713,"title":"Snap election of 1747","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In 1747 the Pelham ministry decided to hold a snap election to frustrate the plans of the new Patriot opposition grouping coalescing around Frederick Prince of Wales. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32614401"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32614401/time_that_great_discoverer_of_truth_and_falsehood_the_calendar_change_of_1752_and_the_dating_of_easter"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of time-that-great-discoverer-of-truth- and-falsehood-the-calendar-change-of-1752-and-the-dating-of-easter" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52787256/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32614401/time_that_great_discoverer_of_truth_and_falsehood_the_calendar_change_of_1752_and_the_dating_of_easter">time-that-great-discoverer-of-truth- and-falsehood-the-calendar-change-of-1752-and-the-dating-of-easter</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">On 25 February 1751 Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th earl of Chesterfield, introduced into the House o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">On 25 February 1751 Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th earl of Chesterfield, introduced into the House of Lords a bill for amending the calendar after he had, as he put it, 'consulted the best lawyers, and the most skilful astronomers, and... cooked up a bill for that purpose'. At that point Britain still retained the Julian calendar, having avoided adoption of the revised calendar introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582, which was employed by the majority of western Europe. The situation was further complicated by the use of 25 March rather than 1 January in England as the beginning of the year. By 1752 dating in Britain was out of step with the continent by eleven days, an inconvenience which Chesterfield, a man who had acted as ambassador at the Hague twice and served as one of the secretaries of state dealing extensively with foreign affairs, was eager to do away with. While the two systems were in operation, correspondents in Britain and much of Europe needed to give two dates to each letter or indicate which system was being used with the addition of O.S. (Old Style for the Julian) or N.S. (New Style for the Gregorian) after their heading. While much of Chesterfield's focus was on the annoyance this caused in terms of diplomatic and commercial traffic, a further consequence of Britain's separate dating system was that the country was also out of step in the calculation of Easter. Easter, unlike Christmas, and to the intense confusion of some, is a moveable feast. Whereas 25 December was fairly early on adopted as the day of Christ's birth in the western church, thanks to the different systems of dating in operation when Jesus was alive (and ongoing uncertainty regarding the years in which he was born and died) establishing the day when Easter should be celebrated can be worked out in a number of different ways. Rules for establishing the dating of Easter were laid down in late antiquity and subsequently reformed in the 16th century by Pope Gregory XIII as part of his general reformation of both civil and ecclesiastical calendars. However, as not everyone adopted the Pope's reforms, not all churches observed the festival of Easter at the same time. The most obvious disparity lay between the western (Catholic) and eastern (Orthodox) churches, but before Easter 1753 Britain, too, was distinct from the majority of western Europe thanks to its continued use of its own system of calculating Easter based on 'golden rules' laid down in the Book of Common Prayer. The vagaries of these were such that in some years Easter in Britain did coincide with Easter as celebrated by the Roman Catholic Church, but as often as not the two occurred at different times. Reform of the calendar in England proved long in coming. Within a few years of the Gregorian calendar being introduced Elizabeth I indicated her support for England adopting the new system, but although a bill was presented to the House of Lords on 16 March 1584/5 it fell after its second reading, thwarted by the bishops. Another century was to pass before discussion of reform of the dating of Easter was again raised with any degree of seriousness. In 1699 Dr John Wallis, professor of Geometry at Oxford, responded to the latter by warning:</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="89d382f4f258a3b9a49708b706777503" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":52787256,"asset_id":32614401,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52787256/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32614401"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32614401"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32614401; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32614401]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32614401]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32614401; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32614401']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32614401, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "89d382f4f258a3b9a49708b706777503" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32614401]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32614401,"title":"time-that-great-discoverer-of-truth- and-falsehood-the-calendar-change-of-1752-and-the-dating-of-easter","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"On 25 February 1751 Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th earl of Chesterfield, introduced into the House of Lords a bill for amending the calendar after he had, as he put it, 'consulted the best lawyers, and the most skilful astronomers, and... cooked up a bill for that purpose'. At that point Britain still retained the Julian calendar, having avoided adoption of the revised calendar introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582, which was employed by the majority of western Europe. The situation was further complicated by the use of 25 March rather than 1 January in England as the beginning of the year. By 1752 dating in Britain was out of step with the continent by eleven days, an inconvenience which Chesterfield, a man who had acted as ambassador at the Hague twice and served as one of the secretaries of state dealing extensively with foreign affairs, was eager to do away with. While the two systems were in operation, correspondents in Britain and much of Europe needed to give two dates to each letter or indicate which system was being used with the addition of O.S. (Old Style for the Julian) or N.S. (New Style for the Gregorian) after their heading. While much of Chesterfield's focus was on the annoyance this caused in terms of diplomatic and commercial traffic, a further consequence of Britain's separate dating system was that the country was also out of step in the calculation of Easter. Easter, unlike Christmas, and to the intense confusion of some, is a moveable feast. Whereas 25 December was fairly early on adopted as the day of Christ's birth in the western church, thanks to the different systems of dating in operation when Jesus was alive (and ongoing uncertainty regarding the years in which he was born and died) establishing the day when Easter should be celebrated can be worked out in a number of different ways. Rules for establishing the dating of Easter were laid down in late antiquity and subsequently reformed in the 16th century by Pope Gregory XIII as part of his general reformation of both civil and ecclesiastical calendars. However, as not everyone adopted the Pope's reforms, not all churches observed the festival of Easter at the same time. The most obvious disparity lay between the western (Catholic) and eastern (Orthodox) churches, but before Easter 1753 Britain, too, was distinct from the majority of western Europe thanks to its continued use of its own system of calculating Easter based on 'golden rules' laid down in the Book of Common Prayer. The vagaries of these were such that in some years Easter in Britain did coincide with Easter as celebrated by the Roman Catholic Church, but as often as not the two occurred at different times. Reform of the calendar in England proved long in coming. Within a few years of the Gregorian calendar being introduced Elizabeth I indicated her support for England adopting the new system, but although a bill was presented to the House of Lords on 16 March 1584/5 it fell after its second reading, thwarted by the bishops. Another century was to pass before discussion of reform of the dating of Easter was again raised with any degree of seriousness. In 1699 Dr John Wallis, professor of Geometry at Oxford, responded to the latter by warning:","ai_title_tag":"Calendar Change of 1752 and Easter Dating Discrepancies"},"translated_abstract":"On 25 February 1751 Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th earl of Chesterfield, introduced into the House of Lords a bill for amending the calendar after he had, as he put it, 'consulted the best lawyers, and the most skilful astronomers, and... cooked up a bill for that purpose'. At that point Britain still retained the Julian calendar, having avoided adoption of the revised calendar introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582, which was employed by the majority of western Europe. The situation was further complicated by the use of 25 March rather than 1 January in England as the beginning of the year. By 1752 dating in Britain was out of step with the continent by eleven days, an inconvenience which Chesterfield, a man who had acted as ambassador at the Hague twice and served as one of the secretaries of state dealing extensively with foreign affairs, was eager to do away with. While the two systems were in operation, correspondents in Britain and much of Europe needed to give two dates to each letter or indicate which system was being used with the addition of O.S. (Old Style for the Julian) or N.S. (New Style for the Gregorian) after their heading. While much of Chesterfield's focus was on the annoyance this caused in terms of diplomatic and commercial traffic, a further consequence of Britain's separate dating system was that the country was also out of step in the calculation of Easter. Easter, unlike Christmas, and to the intense confusion of some, is a moveable feast. Whereas 25 December was fairly early on adopted as the day of Christ's birth in the western church, thanks to the different systems of dating in operation when Jesus was alive (and ongoing uncertainty regarding the years in which he was born and died) establishing the day when Easter should be celebrated can be worked out in a number of different ways. Rules for establishing the dating of Easter were laid down in late antiquity and subsequently reformed in the 16th century by Pope Gregory XIII as part of his general reformation of both civil and ecclesiastical calendars. However, as not everyone adopted the Pope's reforms, not all churches observed the festival of Easter at the same time. The most obvious disparity lay between the western (Catholic) and eastern (Orthodox) churches, but before Easter 1753 Britain, too, was distinct from the majority of western Europe thanks to its continued use of its own system of calculating Easter based on 'golden rules' laid down in the Book of Common Prayer. The vagaries of these were such that in some years Easter in Britain did coincide with Easter as celebrated by the Roman Catholic Church, but as often as not the two occurred at different times. Reform of the calendar in England proved long in coming. Within a few years of the Gregorian calendar being introduced Elizabeth I indicated her support for England adopting the new system, but although a bill was presented to the House of Lords on 16 March 1584/5 it fell after its second reading, thwarted by the bishops. Another century was to pass before discussion of reform of the dating of Easter was again raised with any degree of seriousness. 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The repeal of the (American) Stamp Act (1766)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52272074/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/25808199/_Very_grievous_and_unconstitutional_The_repeal_of_the_American_Stamp_Act_1766_">‘Very grievous and unconstitutional’? The repeal of the (American) Stamp Act (1766)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a6a0b272fc4db00f556dd4923b809084" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":52272074,"asset_id":25808199,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52272074/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="25808199"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25808199"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25808199; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25808199]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25808199]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25808199; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='25808199']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25808199, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a6a0b272fc4db00f556dd4923b809084" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=25808199]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":25808199,"title":"‘Very grievous and unconstitutional’? 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="19720344"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/19720344/Two_battles_and_a_siege_Sheriffmuir_and_Preston_12_14_November_1715"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Two battles and a siege: Sheriffmuir and Preston, 12-14 November 1715" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40804657/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/19720344/Two_battles_and_a_siege_Sheriffmuir_and_Preston_12_14_November_1715">Two battles and a siege: Sheriffmuir and Preston, 12-14 November 1715</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The 1745 rebellion, replete with romantic tales of derring-do, may be the most famous of the vari...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The 1745 rebellion, replete with romantic tales of derring-do, may be the most famous of the various Jacobite insurrections but it was far from being the most likely to succeed. In the late summer of 1715, almost exactly a year since the death of Queen Anne and the succession to the throne of Great Britain of George Ludwig of Hanover, the discontented Scots magnate, John Erskine, 22nd earl of Mar, raised the standard of the exiled Stuarts at Braemar, thereby sparking what was to prove to be the Jacobites’ last best chance at overturning the revolutionary settlement.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e7a3c6c276895834a32be37f9a56eb30" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40804657,"asset_id":19720344,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40804657/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="19720344"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19720344"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19720344; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19720344]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19720344]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19720344; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='19720344']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19720344, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e7a3c6c276895834a32be37f9a56eb30" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=19720344]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":19720344,"title":"Two battles and a siege: Sheriffmuir and Preston, 12-14 November 1715","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The 1745 rebellion, replete with romantic tales of derring-do, may be the most famous of the various Jacobite insurrections but it was far from being the most likely to succeed. In the late summer of 1715, almost exactly a year since the death of Queen Anne and the succession to the throne of Great Britain of George Ludwig of Hanover, the discontented Scots magnate, John Erskine, 22nd earl of Mar, raised the standard of the exiled Stuarts at Braemar, thereby sparking what was to prove to be the Jacobites’ last best chance at overturning the revolutionary settlement."},"translated_abstract":"The 1745 rebellion, replete with romantic tales of derring-do, may be the most famous of the various Jacobite insurrections but it was far from being the most likely to succeed. 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</script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="12999342" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="84990842"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/84990842/I_Who_Speak_Always_Unpremeditately_The_Earl_of_Mulgraves_Speeches_Against_Corruption_and_in_Defence_of_His_Honour_1692_and_1695"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of I Who Speak Always Unpremeditately': The Earl of Mulgrave's Speeches Against Corruption and in Defence of His Honour, 1692 and 1695" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/84990842/I_Who_Speak_Always_Unpremeditately_The_Earl_of_Mulgraves_Speeches_Against_Corruption_and_in_Defence_of_His_Honour_1692_and_1695">I Who Speak Always Unpremeditately': The Earl of Mulgrave's Speeches Against Corruption and in Defence of His Honour, 1692 and 1695</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In December 1692 John Sheffield, 3rd earl of Mulgrave, intervened in the House of Lords to speak ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In December 1692 John Sheffield, 3rd earl of Mulgrave, intervened in the House of Lords to speak in favour of the Place Bill – a measure aimed at limiting the numbers of MPs permitted to hold offices in the armed forces and central government. At one point Mulgrave equated the practice to that of a farce, with the MPs standing for actors indulging in dialogues with themselves, first in one tone and then another. Later in the speech, he reflected on the happy condition of England and the enslaved quality of the French, who were, he posited, envious of England&#39;s traditional liberties. Just over two years later, Mulgrave was himself in the spotlight when he came under investigation for accepting douceurs from the City of London in relation to his development of his new London town house, prompting a second speech to the Lords, this time in his own defence. Both of these speeches were later printed but the second address offers useful insights into the transmission of texts thanks t...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="84990842"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="84990842"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84990842; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84990842]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84990842]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84990842; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='84990842']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 84990842, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=84990842]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":84990842,"title":"I Who Speak Always Unpremeditately': The Earl of Mulgrave's Speeches Against Corruption and in Defence of His Honour, 1692 and 1695","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In December 1692 John Sheffield, 3rd earl of Mulgrave, intervened in the House of Lords to speak in favour of the Place Bill – a measure aimed at limiting the numbers of MPs permitted to hold offices in the armed forces and central government. 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Prince Frederick and Parliament (1729-51)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/84990839/Loyal_Opposition_Prince_Frederick_and_Parliament_1729_51_">Loyal Opposition? Prince Frederick and Parliament (1729-51)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Parliamentary History</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article seeks to reappraise the role of Prince Frederick as a parliamentarian and also to re...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article seeks to reappraise the role of Prince Frederick as a parliamentarian and also to reconsider the size and significance of his association in both Lords and Commons. Previous studies of Prince Frederick and of the so-called Leicester House grouping have tended to emphasize the prince&#39;s limitations as a political figure of real weight, to play down the extent of his activities as a parliamentary figure in his own right and have also paid scant attention to the role of the house of lords in Leicester House&#39;s schemes. By reconsidering some of the major political dramas of the 1730s and 1740s, this article aims to redress the balance, arguing that Prince Frederick was an active member of the Lords and that his association, though fluid, was more coherent and significant than is usually acknowledged.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="84990839"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="84990839"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84990839; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84990839]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84990839]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84990839; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='84990839']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 84990839, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=84990839]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":84990839,"title":"Loyal Opposition? 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General editor MichaelKassler. Vol. 1.Memoirs of Charlotte Papendiek (1765-1840). Edited by MichaelKassler. Vol. 2.Mary Delany (1700-1788) and the Court of King George III. Edited by AlainKerhervé. Vol. 3.The Diary of L" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87927461/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82118589/Memoirs_of_the_Court_of_George_III_General_editor_MichaelKassler_Vol_1_Memoirs_of_Charlotte_Papendiek_1765_1840_Edited_by_MichaelKassler_Vol_2_Mary_Delany_1700_1788_and_the_Court_of_King_George_III_Edited_by_AlainKerherv%C3%A9_Vol_3_The_Diary_of_L">Memoirs of the Court of George III. General editor MichaelKassler. Vol. 1.Memoirs of Charlotte Papendiek (1765-1840). Edited by MichaelKassler. Vol. 2.Mary Delany (1700-1788) and the Court of King George III. Edited by AlainKerhervé. Vol. 3.The Diary of L</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="943eb7dedf900eeea61d06b0523d3e11" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":87927461,"asset_id":82118589,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87927461/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82118589"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82118589"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82118589; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82118589]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82118589]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82118589; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82118589']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82118589, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "943eb7dedf900eeea61d06b0523d3e11" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82118589]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82118589,"title":"Memoirs of the Court of George III. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82118267"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82118267/I_Have_Neither_Interest_nor_Eloquence_Sufficient_to_Prevaile_The_Duke_of_Shrewsbury_and_the_Politics_of_Succession_during_the_Reign_of_Anne"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of I Have Neither Interest nor Eloquence Sufficient to Prevaile': The Duke of Shrewsbury and the Politics of Succession during the Reign of Anne" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82118267/I_Have_Neither_Interest_nor_Eloquence_Sufficient_to_Prevaile_The_Duke_of_Shrewsbury_and_the_Politics_of_Succession_during_the_Reign_of_Anne">I Have Neither Interest nor Eloquence Sufficient to Prevaile': The Duke of Shrewsbury and the Politics of Succession during the Reign of Anne</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">On 13 April 1710 Queen Anne deprived the marquess of Kent of the office of lord chamberlain and a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">On 13 April 1710 Queen Anne deprived the marquess of Kent of the office of lord chamberlain and appointed in his stead Charles Talbot, duke of Shrewsbury. Many have seen in this event the opening salvo in Robert Harley&#39;s assault on the ministry of the duumvirs, Godolphin and Marlborough, which culminated in the establishment of the Harley ministry later that year. Shrewsbury&#39;s role in all of this has tended to be overlooked, in spite of his subsequent appointment as lord treasurer in Harley&#39;s place at the close of Anne&#39;s reign. 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His apparently piecemeal efforts at opposition have been dismissed as lacking in focus, while his mercurial character and early demise have left him difficult to assess. The aim of this article is to attempt once more to reappraise the Prince both as a man at the head of a specific political interest but also more broadly as the symbolic figurehead of a wider patriot movement within society. Through analysis of the contemporary press, and of some of the key members of the Prince's own household, this essay will argue that Prince Frederick was more than just a figurehead for the patriots, if impeded by circumstances and occasionally distracted by his own protean tendencies.* O n  January , the earl of Egmont recorded in his diary how he had dined with Mr Newams (or Newings) 'the Shropshire prophet'. Newams regaled him with the thirty-one occasions on which he claimed to have seen Sir Robert Walpole to impart his visions to him and how he was well thought of not only by Walpole but also by the archbishop of Canterbury and the bishops of Durham and Oxford.  Newams' latest revelation was that England was on the point of being invaded, but that the Pretender and/or his son would be defeated and killed in a great struggle in the forest of Delamere in Cheshire.  Egmont's impression of Newams was hardly enthusiastic but Egmont himself was not averse to giving vent to alarmist predictions. Throughout the later s and early s his diary was punctuated by expectations of rebellions and riots. There was, of course, rebellion in , and in February and March  London was rocked by seismic shifts that sent its denizens scurrying up to Hampstead and Highgate from which to observe more comfortably the anticipated end of the world.  Newam's great battle in Delamere did not transpire, and the world did not end on  April  as had been predicted in response to the London earthquake.  And yet, these details are reminders of the turbulent undercurrents in society in the mid-eighteenth century and offer * An earlier version of this piece was given at the conference 'Protean Patriots? New Research on the Patriot Opposition to Sir Robert Walpole' held at Hampton Court in June . I am grateful to the organizers, Oliver Cox and Jennifer Scammell, for inviting me to speak at that event and to Nigel Aston and the anonymous reviewers for their comments.  John Potter, Edward Chandler, and Thomas Secker, respectively. Unlike Potter, Secker (who later was translated to Canterbury) was deeply suspicious of Leicester House. See James Lees, 'The Religious Retinue of Leicester House: Chaplains of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales, -', Journal for Eighteenth Century Studies  ().  The (Old) Pretender, James Edward Stuart, only son of James II; the son referred to here was his heir, Charles Edward Stuart, the Young Pretender. Historical Manuscripts Commission: Manuscripts of the Earl of Egmont [hereafter HMC Egmont], Diary of the First Earl of Egmont… (), vol. iii, pp. -.  Patrick Dillon, The Much-Lamented Death of Madam Geneva: The Eighteenth Century Gin Craze (London, ), pp. -.  The quakes did, though, inspire John Wesley to compose hymns in response to the events, and also inspired a series of articles in the press from various viewpoints attributing the earthquakes to both natural and supernatural causes. N. Rogers, Mayhem: PostWar Crime and Violence in Britain, - (New Haven, ), passim.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Court Historian","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":87926928},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82117402/Frederick_Prince_of_Wales_the_Court_of_Leicester_House_and_the_Patriot_Opposition_to_Walpole_c_1733_1742","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-06-23T10:13:43.899-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":false,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":19314726,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87926928,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87926928/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"14629712.2016.124538420220623-1-4318v.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87926928/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Frederick_Prince_of_Wales_the_Court_of_L.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87926928/14629712.2016.124538420220623-1-4318v-libre.pdf?1656007192=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFrederick_Prince_of_Wales_the_Court_of_L.pdf\u0026Expires=1733186545\u0026Signature=DaZJjUSUs17n2ydAp5~mBFHZQ3mXQ77Kwm37jm6As1B2ByDVewLRKLM6u~MJq4oX96E3ad2I-hjbtnWNNXvbCTL~eA-ie-mSCXXJgebLR3OffzCwdjLHReT~L7CgIUizkXQvUxFRi7eEgXu5aZeWp7apDTFCY3stYxo9I2ANgNka-tVNeHhu-ZXYJ9vbZwY0TD37wPFfkMnPrCA3d4SCYB4KnE6ASr8V653nW9E1tQmF3GfJZsbgIK2HQ7gKdPx9qcQcPN6-7t8~rDIlprf89CVf7y215FJSdmM66cUhWLrxnCpAnaoz7pYvioSBrxklLasnlWFiUyugqiXWxE3CYw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Frederick_Prince_of_Wales_the_Court_of_Leicester_House_and_the_Patriot_Opposition_to_Walpole_c_1733_1742","translated_slug":"","page_count":18,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":19314726,"first_name":"Robin","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Eagles","page_name":"RobinEagles","domain_name":"histparl","created_at":"2014-10-19T00:47:02.247-07:00","display_name":"Robin Eagles","url":"https://histparl.academia.edu/RobinEagles"},"attachments":[{"id":87926928,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87926928/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"14629712.2016.124538420220623-1-4318v.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87926928/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Frederick_Prince_of_Wales_the_Court_of_L.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87926928/14629712.2016.124538420220623-1-4318v-libre.pdf?1656007192=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFrederick_Prince_of_Wales_the_Court_of_L.pdf\u0026Expires=1733186545\u0026Signature=DaZJjUSUs17n2ydAp5~mBFHZQ3mXQ77Kwm37jm6As1B2ByDVewLRKLM6u~MJq4oX96E3ad2I-hjbtnWNNXvbCTL~eA-ie-mSCXXJgebLR3OffzCwdjLHReT~L7CgIUizkXQvUxFRi7eEgXu5aZeWp7apDTFCY3stYxo9I2ANgNka-tVNeHhu-ZXYJ9vbZwY0TD37wPFfkMnPrCA3d4SCYB4KnE6ASr8V653nW9E1tQmF3GfJZsbgIK2HQ7gKdPx9qcQcPN6-7t8~rDIlprf89CVf7y215FJSdmM66cUhWLrxnCpAnaoz7pYvioSBrxklLasnlWFiUyugqiXWxE3CYw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"},{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law"},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History"},{"id":25172,"name":"Courts and Elites (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Courts_and_Elites_History_"},{"id":152388,"name":"Art Theory and Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_Theory_and_Criticism"},{"id":252009,"name":"Eighteenth Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_British_History_and_Culture"}],"urls":[{"id":21703243,"url":"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14629712.2016.1245384"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Edited by AndreasGestrich and MichaelSchaich. Farnham: Ashgate. 2015. xvi, 288 pp. £75.00. ISBN 9781472437655" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82117135/The_Hanoverian_Succession_Dynastic_Politics_and_Monarchical_Culture_Edited_by_AndreasGestrich_and_MichaelSchaich_Farnham_Ashgate_2015_xvi_288_pp_75_00_ISBN_9781472437655">The Hanoverian Succession: Dynastic Politics and Monarchical Culture. Edited by AndreasGestrich and MichaelSchaich. Farnham: Ashgate. 2015. xvi, 288 pp. £75.00. ISBN 9781472437655</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Parliamentary History</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82117135"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82117135"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82117135; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82117135]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82117135]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82117135; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82117135']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82117135, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82117135]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82117135,"title":"The Hanoverian Succession: Dynastic Politics and Monarchical Culture. 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English Peripatetics in France, 1748–1815" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82117053/Citizens_of_the_World_English_Peripatetics_in_France_1748_1815">Citizens of the World? English Peripatetics in France, 1748–1815</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Francophilia in English Society, 1748–1815</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The anonymous author of Letters concerning the present state of England (1772) wrote concerning t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The anonymous author of Letters concerning the present state of England (1772) wrote concerning the increasing vogue for foreign travel during the eighteenth century that: ‘one Englishman travelled in the reigns of the first two Georges, ten now go on a grand tour’, an estimate that certainly reflects the realities of popular travel in the period. Even if one considers Louis XV’s own estimate that between 1763 and 1765, 40 000 Englishmen passed through the port of Calais alone,2 as somewhat exaggerated, there is every reason to believe that such a figure was not far from the truth, and one should not doubt that the peace of 1763, coinciding as it did with a debate within English society that continued unresolved into the 1790s and beyond to the Great Reform Act, heralded a wave of travellers from both sides of the Channel eager to experience English and French culture. The form of that debate could be said to be personified by the figure of John Bull, but in the middle years of the century his development into the Union Flag waistcoat-wearing champion of commercial imperialism was by no means sure, and the coarse figure of John Bull the ignorant, trounced foe of the more capable French was no less recognizeable. His allegorical trips abroad increasingly came to represent the tourist trail to France, and symbolized the cultural pilgrimage of the English to the shrine of fashion: Paris.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82117053"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82117053"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82117053; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82117053]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82117053]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82117053; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82117053']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82117053, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82117053]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82117053,"title":"Citizens of the World? 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The form of that debate could be said to be personified by the figure of John Bull, but in the middle years of the century his development into the Union Flag waistcoat-wearing champion of commercial imperialism was by no means sure, and the coarse figure of John Bull the ignorant, trounced foe of the more capable French was no less recognizeable. 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His allegorical trips abroad increasingly came to represent the tourist trail to France, and symbolized the cultural pilgrimage of the English to the shrine of fashion: Paris.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82117053/Citizens_of_the_World_English_Peripatetics_in_France_1748_1815","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-06-23T10:12:48.287-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":false,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":19314726,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Citizens_of_the_World_English_Peripatetics_in_France_1748_1815","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":19314726,"first_name":"Robin","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Eagles","page_name":"RobinEagles","domain_name":"histparl","created_at":"2014-10-19T00:47:02.247-07:00","display_name":"Robin Eagles","url":"https://histparl.academia.edu/RobinEagles"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82117018"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82117018/Corruption_Party_and_Government_in_Britain_1702_1713"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Corruption, Party, and Government in Britain, 1702–1713" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82117018/Corruption_Party_and_Government_in_Britain_1702_1713">Corruption, Party, and Government in Britain, 1702–1713</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Corruption, Party, and Government in Britain, 1702-1713 offers an innovative and original reinter...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Corruption, Party, and Government in Britain, 1702-1713 offers an innovative and original reinterpretation of state formation in eighteenth-century Britain, reconceptualising it as a political and fundamentally partisan process. Focussing on the supply of funds to the army during the War of the Spanish Succession (1702-13), it demonstrates that public officials faced multiple incompatible demands, but that political partisanship helped to prioritise them, and to hammer out settlements that embodied a version of the national interest. These decisions were then transmitted to agents in overseas through a mixture of personal incentives and partisan loyalties which built trust and turned these informal networks into instruments of public policy. However, the process of building trust and supplying funds laid officials and agents open to accusations of embezzlement, fraud and financial misappropriation. In particular, although successive financial officials ran entrepreneurial private financial ventures that enabled the army overseas to avoid dangerous financial shortfalls, they found it necessary to cover the costs and risks by receiving illegal &#39;gratifications&#39; from the regiments. Reconstructing these transactions in detail, this book demonstrates that these corrupt payments advanced the public service, and thus that &#39;corruption&#39; was as much a dispute over ends as means. Ultimately, this volume demonstrates that state formation in eighteenth-century Britain was a contested process of interest aggregation, in which common partisan aims helped to negotiate compromises between various irreconcilable public priorities and private interests, within the frameworks provided by formal institutions, and then collaboratively imposed through overlapping and intersecting networks of formal and informal agents.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82117018"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82117018"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82117018; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82117018]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82117018]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82117018; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82117018']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82117018, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82117018]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82117018,"title":"Corruption, Party, and Government in Britain, 1702–1713","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Corruption, Party, and Government in Britain, 1702-1713 offers an innovative and original reinterpretation of state formation in eighteenth-century Britain, reconceptualising it as a political and fundamentally partisan process. 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Many of the choices the prince made during the invasion and in the years leading up to it were influenced by his contacts in Britain. He knew the court well and had made some efforts to influence the timings of parliaments and the direction of policy under his uncles, Charles II and James II. The shape of the regime that emerged after his successful overthrow of James II was also informed by his knowledge of a number of senior British politicians and this is reflected in a list compiled by one of his followers, Gilbert Burnet, in the course of the revolution. This article seeks to cast new light on the preparations that lay behind the invasion and the reasons for the appointments that were made in the new administration of William and Mary.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82116932"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82116932"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82116932; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82116932]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82116932]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82116932; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82116932']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82116932, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82116932]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82116932,"title":"‘If he Deserves it’: William of Orange's Pre-Revolution British Contacts and Gilbert Burnet's Proposals for the Post-Revolution Administration","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The revolution of 1688�9 has been studied from a variety of angles, but few historians have paid much attention to the sheer depth of William of Orange\u0026#39;s acquaintance with a broad swathe of British society. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82116736"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82116736/The_Missing_Official_Proxy_Records_of_the_House_of_Lords_for_1661_2"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Missing Official Proxy Records of the House of Lords for 1661-2" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82116736/The_Missing_Official_Proxy_Records_of_the_House_of_Lords_for_1661_2">The Missing Official Proxy Records of the House of Lords for 1661-2</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Parliamentary History</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82116736"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82116736"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82116736; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82116652"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82116652/How_Bedfordshire_Voted_1735_1784_Edited_by_JamesCollett_White_Bedfordshire_Historical_Record_Society_90_Boydell_2012_xvii_305pp_25_00"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of How Bedfordshire Voted, 1735-1784. Edited by JamesCollett-White. Bedfordshire Historical Record Society 90. Boydell. 2012. xvii + 305pp. £25.00" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87926486/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82116652/How_Bedfordshire_Voted_1735_1784_Edited_by_JamesCollett_White_Bedfordshire_Historical_Record_Society_90_Boydell_2012_xvii_305pp_25_00">How Bedfordshire Voted, 1735-1784. Edited by JamesCollett-White. Bedfordshire Historical Record Society 90. Boydell. 2012. xvii + 305pp. £25.00</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>History</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e0d7609a9b9cfa391d9003d8784e7cb7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":87926486,"asset_id":82116652,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87926486/download_file?st=MTczMzI2OTQ4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82116652"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82116652"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82116652; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82116652]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82116652]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82116652; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82116652']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82116652, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e0d7609a9b9cfa391d9003d8784e7cb7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82116652]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82116652,"title":"How Bedfordshire Voted, 1735-1784. 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