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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Violations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Violations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Violations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsequent_interpretation_of_the_protocol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsequent_interpretation_of_the_protocol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Subsequent interpretation of the protocol </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsequent_interpretation_of_the_protocol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 State parties </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-State_parties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Geneva Protocol</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" > 25 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81" title="بروتوكول جنيف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بروتوكول جنيف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Женевски протокол – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Женевски протокол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_de_Ginebra" title="Protocol de Ginebra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Protocol de Ginebra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDenevsk%C3%BD_protokol" title="Ženevský protokol – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ženevský protokol" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genfer_Protokoll" title="Genfer Protokoll – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Genfer Protokoll" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genfi_protokoll" title="Genfi protokoll – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Genfi protokoll" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocolo_de_Ginebra" title="Protocolo de Ginebra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Protocolo de Ginebra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%98%D9%86%D9%88" title="پروتکل ژنو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پروتکل ژنو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocole_de_Gen%C3%A8ve" title="Protocole de Genève – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Protocole de Genève" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%84%A4%EB%B0%94_%EC%9D%98%EC%A0%95%EC%84%9C" title="제네바 의정서 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제네바 의정서" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocollo_di_Ginevra_(1925)" title="Protocollo di Ginevra (1925) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Protocollo di Ginevra (1925)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDenevos_Protokolas" title="Ženevos Protokolas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ženevos Protokolas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_van_Gen%C3%A8ve" title="Protocol van Genève – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Protocol van Genève" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%8D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E8%AD%B0%E5%AE%9A%E6%9B%B8_(1925%E5%B9%B4)" title="ジュネーヴ議定書 (1925年) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジュネーヴ議定書 (1925年)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84" title="د جینوا پروتوکول – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د جینوا پروتوکول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protok%C3%B3%C5%82_genewski_(1925)" title="Protokół genewski (1925) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Protokół genewski (1925)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocolo_de_Genebra" title="Protocolo de Genebra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Protocolo de Genebra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Женевский протокол – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Женевский протокол" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protokolli_i_Gjenev%C3%ABs" title="Protokolli i Gjenevës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Protokolli i Gjenevës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_Geneva_Protocol" title="1925 Geneva Protocol – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1925 Geneva Protocol" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDenevsk%C3%BD_protokol" title="Ženevský protokol – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ženevský protokol" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Treaty prohibiting the use of chemical and biological weapons in international armed conflicts</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Protocol_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Geneva Protocol (disambiguation)">Geneva Protocol (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Geneva Protocols" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">Geneva Protocol</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above description" style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ededed">Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Drafted</th><td class="infobox-data">17 June 1925<a href="#cite_note-dep-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed</th><td class="infobox-data">17 June 1925<a href="#cite_note-dep-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a><a href="#cite_note-dep-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Effective</th><td class="infobox-data">8 February 1928<a href="#cite_note-dep-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Condition</th><td class="infobox-data">Ratification by 65 states<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signatories</th><td class="infobox-data attendee plainlist">38<a href="#cite_note-dep-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parties</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">146<a href="#cite_note-unoda-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Depositary</th><td class="infobox-data">Government of France<a href="#cite_note-dep-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Full text</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/16px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/32px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Geneva_Protocol_to_Hague_Convention" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Geneva Protocol to Hague Convention">Geneva Protocol to Hague Convention</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, usually called the Geneva Protocol, is a <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">treaty</a> prohibiting the use of <a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical weapons">chemical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biological_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological weapons">biological weapons</a> in international <a href="/wiki/Armed_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed conflicts">armed conflicts</a>. It was signed at <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> on 17 June 1925 and entered into force on 8 February 1928. It was registered in <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Treaty_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty Series">Treaty Series</a> on 7 September 1929.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The Geneva Protocol is a protocol to the Convention for the Supervision of the International Trade in Arms and Ammunition and in Implements of War signed on the same date, and followed the <a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907</a>. It prohibits the use of "asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases, and of all analogous liquids, materials or devices" and "bacteriological methods of warfare". This is now understood to be a general prohibition on chemical weapons and biological weapons between state parties, but has nothing to say about production, storage or transfer. Later treaties did cover these aspects – the 1972 <a href="/wiki/Biological_Weapons_Convention" title="Biological Weapons Convention">Biological Weapons Convention</a> (BWC) and the 1993 <a href="/wiki/Chemical_Weapons_Convention" title="Chemical Weapons Convention">Chemical Weapons Convention</a> (CWC). A number of countries submitted reservations when becoming parties to the Geneva Protocol, declaring that they only regarded the non-use obligations as applying to other parties and that these obligations would cease to apply if the prohibited weapons were used against them.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-6">[6]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Negotiation_history">Negotiation history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneva_Protocol&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Negotiation history">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_55th_Division_gas_casualties_10_April_1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/British_55th_Division_gas_casualties_10_April_1918.jpg/220px-British_55th_Division_gas_casualties_10_April_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/British_55th_Division_gas_casualties_10_April_1918.jpg/330px-British_55th_Division_gas_casualties_10_April_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/British_55th_Division_gas_casualties_10_April_1918.jpg/440px-British_55th_Division_gas_casualties_10_April_1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="743" /></a><figcaption>British troops blinded by poison gas during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Estaires" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Estaires">Battle of Estaires</a>, 1918</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907</a>, the use of dangerous chemical agents was outlawed. In spite of this, the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> saw large-scale <a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">chemical warfare</a>. <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a> used <a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">tear gas</a> in 1914, but the first large-scale successful deployment of chemical weapons was by the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ypres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> in 1915, when <a href="/wiki/Chlorine_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorine gas">chlorine gas</a> was released as part of a German attack at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gravenstafel" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Gravenstafel">Battle of Gravenstafel</a>. Following this, a chemical <a href="/wiki/Arms_race" title="Arms race">arms race</a> began, with the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> joining <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> in the use of chemical weapons.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] This resulted in the development of a range of horrific chemicals affecting lungs, skin, or eyes. Some were intended to be lethal on the battlefield, like <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_cyanide" title="Hydrogen cyanide">hydrogen cyanide</a>, and efficient methods of deploying agents were invented. At least 124,000 tons were produced during the war. In 1918, about one grenade out of three was filled with dangerous chemical agents.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Around 500k-1.3 million casualties of the conflict were attributed to the use of gas, and the psychological effect on troops may have had a much greater effect. A few thousand civilians also became casualties as collateral damage or due to production accidents.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> included some provisions that banned Germany from either manufacturing or importing chemical weapons. Similar treaties banned the <a href="/wiki/First_Austrian_Republic" title="First Austrian Republic">First Austrian Republic</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Kingdom of Bulgaria</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Kingdom of Hungary</a> from chemical weapons, all belonging to the losing side, the <a href="/wiki/Central_powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Central powers">Central powers</a>. Russian <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">bolsheviks</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> continued the <a href="/wiki/Tambov_Rebellion" title="Tambov Rebellion">use of chemical weapons</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alleged_British_use_of_chemical_weapons_in_Mesopotamia_in_1920" title="Alleged British use of chemical weapons in Mesopotamia in 1920">possibly in the Middle East</a> in 1920. Three years after World War I, the Allies wanted to reaffirm the Treaty of Versailles, and in 1922 the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> introduced the Treaty relating to the Use of Submarines and Noxious Gases in Warfare at the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Naval_Conference" title="Washington Naval Conference">Washington Naval Conference</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ICRC-washington-8">[8]</a> Four of the war victors, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>, gave consent for <a href="/wiki/Ratification" title="Ratification">ratification</a>, but it failed to enter into force as the <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">French Third Republic</a> objected to the <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> provisions of the treaty.<a href="#cite_note-ICRC-washington-8">[8]</a> At the 1925 Geneva Conference for the Supervision of the International Traffic in Arms the French suggested a protocol for non-use of poisonous gases. The <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a> suggested the addition of bacteriological weapons.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> It was signed on 17 June.<a href="#cite_note-coddy-2005-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_assessment">Historical assessment</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneva_Protocol&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Historical assessment">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarin_test_rabbit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Sarin_test_rabbit.jpg/170px-Sarin_test_rabbit.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Sarin_test_rabbit.jpg/255px-Sarin_test_rabbit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Sarin_test_rabbit.jpg/340px-Sarin_test_rabbit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3624" data-file-height="4564" /></a><figcaption>Rabbit used to check for leaks at a <a href="/wiki/Sarin" title="Sarin">sarin</a> production plant in 1970</figcaption></figure> Eric Croddy, assessing the Protocol in 2005, took the view that the historic record showed it had been largely ineffectual. Specifically it does not prohibit:<a href="#cite_note-coddy-2005-10">[10]</a> <ul><li>use against not-ratifying parties</li> <li>retaliation using such weapons, so effectively making it a no-first-use agreement</li> <li>use within a state's own borders in a civil conflict</li> <li>research and development of such weapons, or stockpiling them</li></ul> In light of these shortcomings, Jack Beard notes that "the Protocol (...) resulted in a legal framework that allowed states to conduct [biological weapons] research, develop new biological weapons, and ultimately engage in [biological weapons] arms races".<a href="#cite_note-:0-6">[6]</a> As such, the use of chemical weapons inside the nation's own territory against its citizens or subjects employed by <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapons_in_the_Rif_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical weapons in the Rif War">the Rif War</a> until 1927,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Japan against <a href="/wiki/Seediq_people" title="Seediq people">Seediq</a> indigenous rebels in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> (then part of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_colonial_empire" title="Japanese colonial empire">Japanese colonial empire</a>) in 1930 during the <a href="/wiki/Musha_Incident" title="Musha Incident">Musha Incident</a>, Iraq against ethnic <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish</a> civilians in the <a href="/wiki/Halabja_massacre" title="Halabja massacre">1988 attack on Halabja</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> or <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">Syrian opposition</a> forces during <a href="/wiki/Use_of_chemical_weapons_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Use of chemical weapons in the Syrian civil war">the Syrian civil war</a>, nor use on <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> protestors in the United States did not breach the Geneva Protocol.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Despite the U.S. having been a proponent of the protocol, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._military" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. military">U.S. military</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a> lobbied against it, causing the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a> not to ratify the protocol until 1975, the same year when the United States ratified the <a href="/wiki/Biological_Weapons_Convention" title="Biological Weapons Convention">Biological Weapons Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-coddy-2005-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-bunn-1969-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Violations">Violations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneva_Protocol&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Violations">edit</a>]</div> Several state parties have deployed chemical weapons for combat in spite of the treaty. <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> used <a href="/wiki/Mustard_gas" title="Mustard gas">mustard gas</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a>. In <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Germany employed chemical weapons in combat on several occasions along the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>, notably in <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>, where they used toxic smoke to force Russian resistance fighters out of caverns below the city. They also used asphyxiating gas in the catacombs of <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a> in November 1941, following their <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Odessa_(1941)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Odessa (1941)">capture of the city</a>, and in late May 1942 during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Kerch_Peninsula" title="Battle of the Kerch Peninsula">Battle of the Kerch Peninsula</a> in eastern <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>, perpetrated by the Wehrmacht's Chemical Forces and organized by a special detail of <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> troops with the help of a field engineer battalion.<a href="#cite_note-nazgas-15">[15]</a> After the battle in mid-May 1942, the Germans gassed and killed almost 3,000 of the besieged and non-evacuated <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> soldiers and Soviet civilians hiding in a series of caves and tunnels in the nearby <a href="/wiki/Defense_of_the_Adzhimushkay_quarry" title="Defense of the Adzhimushkay quarry">Adzhimushkay quarry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> During the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq War, Iraq is known to have employed a variety of chemical weapons against Iranian forces. Some 100,000 Iranian troops were casualties of Iraqi chemical weapons during the war.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsequent_interpretation_of_the_protocol">Subsequent interpretation of the protocol</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneva_Protocol&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Subsequent interpretation of the protocol">edit</a>]</div> In 1966, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_resolution" title="United Nations General Assembly resolution">United Nations General Assembly resolution</a> 2162B called for, without any dissent, all states to strictly observe the protocol. In 1969, United Nations General Assembly resolution 2603 (XXIV) declared that the prohibition on use of chemical and biological weapons in international armed conflicts, as embodied in the protocol (though restated in a more general form), were generally recognized rules of international law.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Following this, there was discussion of whether the main elements of the protocol now form part of <a href="/wiki/Customary_international_law" title="Customary international law">customary international law</a>, and now this is widely accepted to be the case.<a href="#cite_note-bunn-1969-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-vertic-20120517-21">[21]</a> There have been differing interpretations over whether the protocol covers the use of harassing agents, such as <a href="/wiki/Adamsite" title="Adamsite">adamsite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">tear gas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Defoliants" class="mw-redirect" title="Defoliants">defoliants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herbicides" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbicides">herbicides</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Agent_Orange" title="Agent Orange">Agent Orange</a>, in warfare.<a href="#cite_note-bunn-1969-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-state-2002-22">[22]</a> The 1977 <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Modification_Convention" title="Environmental Modification Convention">Environmental Modification Convention</a> prohibits the military use of environmental modification techniques having widespread, long-lasting or severe effects. Many states do not regard this as a complete ban on the use of herbicides in warfare, but it does require case-by-case consideration.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The 1993 <a href="/wiki/Chemical_Weapons_Convention" title="Chemical Weapons Convention">Chemical Weapons Convention</a> effectively banned riot control agents from being used as a method of warfare, though still permitting it for <a href="/wiki/Riot_control" title="Riot control">riot control</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> In recent times, the protocol had been interpreted to cover non-international armed conflicts as well international ones. In 1995, an appellate chamber in the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</a> stated that "there had undisputedly emerged a general consensus in the international community on the principle that the use of chemical weapons is also prohibited in internal armed conflicts." In 2005, the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> concluded that customary international law includes a ban on the use of chemical weapons in internal as well as international conflicts.<a href="#cite_note-vertic-20120808-25">[25]</a> However, such views drew general criticism from legal authors. They noted that much of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_arms_control_agreements" title="List of chemical arms control agreements">chemical arms control agreements</a> stems from the context of international conflicts. Furthermore, the application of customary international law to banning chemical warfare in non-international conflicts fails to meet two requirements: state practice and <a href="/wiki/Opinio_juris_sive_necessitatis" title="Opinio juris sive necessitatis">opinio juris</a>. Jillian Blake & Aqsa Mahmud cited the periodic use of chemical weapons in non-international conflicts since the end of WWI (as <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Historical_assessment">stated above</a>) as well as the lack of existing <a href="/wiki/International_humanitarian_law" title="International humanitarian law">international humanitarian law</a> (such as the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a>) and national legislation and manuals prohibiting using them in such conflicts.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Anne Lorenzat stated the 2005 ICRC study was rooted in "'political and operational issues rather than legal ones".<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_parties">State parties</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneva_Protocol&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: State parties">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geneva_Protocol_parties.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Geneva_Protocol_parties.svg/400px-Geneva_Protocol_parties.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Geneva_Protocol_parties.svg/600px-Geneva_Protocol_parties.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Geneva_Protocol_parties.svg/800px-Geneva_Protocol_parties.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>Parties to the Geneva Protocol <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Parties with no reservations</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Parties with withdrawn reservations</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Parties with implicit reservations</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Parties with unwithdrawn reservations limiting the applicability of provisions of the Protocol</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Non-parties</div></figcaption></figure> To become party to the Protocol, states must deposit an instrument with the government of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Depositary" title="Depositary">depositary</a> power). Thirty-eight states originally signed the Protocol. France was the first signatory to ratify the Protocol on 10 May 1926. El Salvador, the final signatory to ratify the Protocol, did so on 26 February 2008. As of April 2021, 146 states have ratified, acceded to, or succeeded to the Protocol,<a href="#cite_note-unoda-3">[3]</a> most recently Colombia on 24 November 2015. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reservations">Reservations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneva_Protocol&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reservations">edit</a>]</div> A number of countries submitted <a href="/wiki/Reservation_(law)" title="Reservation (law)">reservations</a> when becoming parties to the Geneva Protocol, declaring that they only regarded the non-use obligations as applying with respect to other parties to the Protocol and/or that these obligations would cease to apply with respect to any state, or its allies, which used the prohibited weapons. Several Arab states also declared that their ratification did not constitute recognition of, or diplomatic relations with, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, or that the provision of the Protocol were not binding with respect to Israel. Generally, reservations not only modify treaty provisions for the reserving party, but also symmetrically modify the provisions for previously ratifying parties in dealing with the reserving party.<a href="#cite_note-bunn-1969-14">[14]</a>: 394  Subsequently, numerous states have withdrawn their reservations, including the former <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> in 1990 prior to its <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">dissolution</a>,<a href="#cite_note-czun-28">[28]</a> or the Russian reservation on biological weapons that "preserved the right to retaliate in kind if attacked" with them, which was dissolved by <a href="/wiki/President_Yeltsin" class="mw-redirect" title="President Yeltsin">President Yeltsin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kelly02-29">[29]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Convention_on_Succession_of_States_in_respect_of_Treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Vienna Convention on Succession of States in respect of Treaties">Vienna Convention on Succession of States in respect of Treaties</a>, states which succeed to a treaty after gaining independence from a state party "shall be considered as maintaining any reservation to that treaty which was applicable at the date of the succession of States in respect of the territory to which the succession of States relates unless, when making the notification of succession, it expresses a contrary intention or formulates a reservation which relates to the same subject matter as that reservation." While some states have explicitly either retained or renounced their reservations inherited on succession, states which have not clarified their position on their inherited reservations are listed as "implicit" reservations. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Party<a href="#cite_note-dep-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-unoda-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-usdos-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-ICRC-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> </th> <th>Signed<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> </th> <th>Deposited </th> <th class="unsortable" style="text-size: small">Reservations<a href="#cite_note-dep-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-bunn-1969-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-usdos-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-ICRC-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> </th> <th class="unsortable">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>2 September 1986 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>12 December 1989 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>14 January 1992 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>30 October 1990 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEEE00;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 February 1989 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Implicit on succession.<a href="#cite_note-implicit-49">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Succession_of_states" title="Succession of states">Succeeded</a> from the United Kingdom. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>8 May 1969 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>13 March 2018 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#6495ED;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>22 January 1930 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Withdrawn in 1986.<a href="#cite_note-50">[47]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>9 May 1928 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>9 November 1988 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a> <a href="#cite_note-c-51">[Reservation 3]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>20 May 1989 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#6495ED;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/23px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/35px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/45px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>16 July 1976 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Withdrew the reservations made by the United Kingdom on succession.<a href="#cite_note-54">[50]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from the United Kingdom. </td></tr> <tr style="background:#6495ED;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>4 December 1928 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Withdrawn in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-55">[51]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>4 December 1986 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>12 June 1978 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>14 January 1985 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>28 August 1970 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#6495ED;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>7 March 1934 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Withdrawn in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 March 1971 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Ratified as the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Upper_Volta" title="Republic of Upper Volta">Republic of Upper Volta</a>. </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>15 March 1983 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a> </td> <td>The Protocol was ratified by the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Government_of_Democratic_Kampuchea" title="Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea">Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea</a> in exile in 1983. 13 states (including the depositary France) objected to their ratification, and considered it legally invalid. In 1993, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Cambodia">Kingdom of Cambodia</a> stated in a <a href="/wiki/Note_verbale" class="mw-redirect" title="Note verbale">note verbale</a> that it considered itself bound by the provisions of the Protocol.<a href="#cite_note-57">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>21 April 1989 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#6495ED;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>6 May 1930 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Withdrawn in 1991 as regards bacteriological agents, and completely withdrawn in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>20 May 1991 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>30 July 1970 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#6495ED;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>2 July 1935 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Withdrawn in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>7 August 1929 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Made on succession.<a href="#cite_note-china-60">[56]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Ratified as the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>, from which the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> succeeded on 13 July 1952.<a href="#cite_note-china-60">[56]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>24 November 2015 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>17 June 2009 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Côte d'Ivoire</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>27 July 1970 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>25 September 2006 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>24 May 1966 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEEE00;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>29 November 1966 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Implicit on succession.<a href="#cite_note-implicit-49">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from the United Kingdom. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>19 September 1993 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Withdrawn prior to succession. </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, which ratified the protocol on 16 August 1938. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>5 May 1930 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>4 December 1970 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /> <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>10 September 1970 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>6 December 1928 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /> <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>12 January 2010 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>16 May 1989 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#6495ED;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>28 August 1931 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Withdrawn in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-61">[57]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>10 July 1991 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>7 October 1935 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>21 March 1973 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Retained the United Kingdom's reservations on succession.<a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from the United Kingdom. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>26 June 1929 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#6495ED;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>10 May 1926 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Withdrawn in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEEE00;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>5 November 1966 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Implicit on succession.<a href="#cite_note-implicit-49">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from the United Kingdom. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>25 April 1929 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>2 May 1967 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>30 May 1931 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEEE00;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>3 January 1989 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Implicit on succession.<a href="#cite_note-implicit-49">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from the United Kingdom. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>3 May 1983 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>20 May 1989 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>12 October 1966 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>11 October 1952 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>19 December 1966 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>9 April 1930 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEEE00;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>14 January 1971 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-d-65">[Reservation 4]</a></td> <td>Implicit on succession.<a href="#cite_note-implicit-49">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from the Netherlands. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>4 July 1929 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>18 August 1931 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-66">[61]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#6495ED;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>18 August 1930 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Withdrawn in 1972.<a href="#cite_note-67">[62]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>10 February 1969 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-68">[63]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>3 April 1928 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEEE00;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>28 July 1970 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Implicit on succession.<a href="#cite_note-implicit-49">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from the United Kingdom. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>21 May 1970 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>20 January 1977 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a> <a href="#cite_note-c-51">[Reservation 3]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-69">[64]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>20 April 2020 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>17 June 1970 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">Korea, Democratic People's Republic of</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>22 December 1988 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-70">[65]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">Korea, Republic of</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>29 December 1988 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Reservation 2 withdrawn in 2002 as regards biological agents covered by the <a href="/wiki/Biological_Weapons_Convention" title="Biological Weapons Convention">BWC</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>15 December 1971 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-c-51">[Reservation 3]</a> <a href="#cite_note-f-71">[Reservation 5]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-72">[66]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>29 June 2020 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>16 January 1989 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>3 June 1931 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>15 April 1969 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEEE00;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>10 March 1972 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Implicit on succession.<a href="#cite_note-implicit-49">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from the United Kingdom. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>2 April 1927 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>21 December 1971 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a> <a href="#cite_note-c-51">[Reservation 3]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-73">[67]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>16 May 1991 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>15 June 1933 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>1 September 1936 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>20 August 2015 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>2 August 1967 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>4 September 1970 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>7 December 1970 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>27 December 1966 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEEE00;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>9 October 1970 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Implicit on succession.<a href="#cite_note-implicit-49">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from the United Kingdom. </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEEE00;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>23 December 1970 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Implicit on succession.<a href="#cite_note-implicit-49">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from the United Kingdom. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>28 March 1932 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>14 January 2011 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>15 December 1966 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#6495ED;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>18 November 1968 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Withdrawn in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-74">[68]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>7 October 1970 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" />   <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>7 May 1969 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#6495ED;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>31 October 1930 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-d-65">[Reservation 4]</a></td> <td>Withdrawn in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-75">[69]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#6495ED;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>22 January 1930 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Withdrawn in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-76">[70]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>5 October 1990 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEEE00;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>5 April 1967 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Implicit on succession.<a href="#cite_note-implicit-49">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from France. </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>9 October 1968 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-77">[71]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>27 July 1932 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEEE00;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>15 April 1960 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Implicit on succession.<a href="#cite_note-implicit-49">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from India. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>19 January 2018 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>26 November 1970 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>2 September 1980 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Retained Australia's reservations on succession.<a href="#cite_note-78">[72]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from Australia. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /> <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>22 October 1933 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>5 June 1985 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>29 May 1973 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>4 February 1929 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#6495ED;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>1 July 1930 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Reservation 2 withdrawn in 2003, and reservation 1 withdrawn in 2014. </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>16 September 1976 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#6495ED;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>23 August 1929 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Withdrawn in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-79">[73]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#6495ED;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>5 April 1928 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Withdrawn in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-80">[74]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Ratified as the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics" class="mw-redirect" title="Union of Soviet Socialist Republics">Union of Soviet Socialist Republics</a>. </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEEE00;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>21 March 1964 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Implicit on succession.<a href="#cite_note-implicit-49">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from Belgium. </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEEE00;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>26 October 1989 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Implicit on succession.<a href="#cite_note-implicit-49">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from the United Kingdom. </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEEE00;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>21 December 1988 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Implicit on succession.<a href="#cite_note-implicit-49">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from the United Kingdom. </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEEE00;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>23 April 1999 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Implicit on succession.<a href="#cite_note-implicit-49">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from the United Kingdom. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>27 January 1971 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>15 June 1977 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEEE00;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>20 January 2003 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Implicit on succession.<a href="#cite_note-implicit-49">[Note 1]</a> Serbia's Parliament voted to withdraw their reservation in May 2009<a href="#cite_note-81">[75]</a> and the withdrawal was announced in 2010, but the depositary has not been notified.<a href="#cite_note-82">[76]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded as the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-83">[Note 2]</a> which had ratified the protocol as the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbs,_Croats_and_Slovenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes">Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes</a> on 12 April 1929. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>20 February 1967 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 July 1997<a href="#cite_note-85">[Note 3]</a> </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Withdrawn prior to succession. </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from Czechoslovakia, which ratified the protocol on 16 August 1938. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>8 April 2008 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 June 1981 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Retained the United Kingdom's reservations on succession.<a href="#cite_note-86">[78]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from the United Kingdom. </td></tr> <tr style="background:#6495ED;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>24 May 1930 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Withdrawn in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-87">[79]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#6495ED;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>22 August 1929 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Withdrawn in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-88">[80]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>20 January 1954 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Ratified as the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Ceylon" title="Dominion of Ceylon">Dominion of Ceylon</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>17 December 1980 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>25 April 1930 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>12 July 1932 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>17 December 1968 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-c-51">[Reservation 3]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-89">[81]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>15 November 2019 </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>28 February 1963 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Ratified as the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Tanganyika" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Tanganyika">Republic of Tanganyika</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>6 June 1931 </td> <td>—<a href="#cite_note-91">[Note 4]</a> </td> <td>Ratified as <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siam</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>18 November 1970 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEEE00;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>19 July 1971 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Implicit on succession.<a href="#cite_note-implicit-49">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from the United Kingdom. </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEEE00;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/35px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/46px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>24 November 1970 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Implicit on succession.<a href="#cite_note-implicit-49">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from the United Kingdom. </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>12 July 1967 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>5 October 1929 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>2 April 1965 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEEE00;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>7 August 2003 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Implicit on succession.<a href="#cite_note-implicit-49">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Succeeded from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. </td></tr> <tr style="background:#6495ED;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>9 April 1930 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td>Reservation 2 withdrawn in 1991 as regards biological agents covered by the <a href="/wiki/Biological_Weapons_Convention" title="Biological Weapons Convention">BWC</a>, and reservations completely withdrawn in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-92">[83]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>10 April 1975 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-d-65">[Reservation 4]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-93">[84]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>12 April 1977 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>5 October 2020 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td> <td>17 June 1925 </td> <td>8 February 1928 </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>15 December 1980 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-a-45">[Reservation 1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-b-46">[Reservation 2]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-94">[85]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:orange;"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>11 March 1971 </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#cite_note-c-51">[Reservation 3]</a></td> <td>Made in a second instrument of accession submitted on 16 September 1973.<a href="#cite_note-95">[Note 5]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Ratified as the <a href="/wiki/Yemen_Arab_Republic" title="Yemen Arab Republic">Yemen Arab Republic</a>. Also ratified by the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Republic_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Democratic Republic of Yemen">People's Democratic Republic of Yemen</a> on 20 October 1986, prior to <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">Yemeni unification</a> in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-96">[86]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Parties with withdrawn reservations</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Parties with implicit reservations</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Parties with unwithdrawn reservations limiting the applicability of provisions of the Protocol</div> <dl><dt>Reservations</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-a-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-35">aj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-36">ak</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-37">al</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-38">am</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-39">an</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-40">ao</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-41">ap</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-42">aq</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-43">ar</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-44">as</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-45">at</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-46">au</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_45-47">av</a> Binding only with regards to states which have ratified or acceded to the protocol. </li> <li id="cite_note-b-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-35">aj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-36">ak</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-37">al</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-38">am</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-39">an</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-40">ao</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-41">ap</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-42">aq</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-43">ar</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-44">as</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-45">at</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-46">au</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-47">av</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-48">aw</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-49">ax</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-50">ay</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-51">az</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-52">ba</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-53">bb</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_46-54">bc</a> Ceases to be binding in regards to any state, and its allies, which does not observe the prohibitions of the protocol. </li> <li id="cite_note-c-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-c_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-c_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-c_51-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-c_51-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-c_51-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-c_51-5">f</a> Does not constitute recognition of, or establishing any relations with, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-d-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-d_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-d_65-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-d_65-2">c</a> Ceases to be binding as to the use of chemical weapons in regards to any enemy state which does not observe the prohibitions of the protocol. </li> <li id="cite_note-f-71"><a href="#cite_ref-f_71-0">^</a> Ceases to be binding in the case of a violation. </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-implicit-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-implicit_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-implicit_49-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-implicit_49-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-implicit_49-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-implicit_49-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-implicit_49-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-implicit_49-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-implicit_49-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-implicit_49-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-implicit_49-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-implicit_49-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-implicit_49-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-implicit_49-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-implicit_49-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-implicit_49-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-implicit_49-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-implicit_49-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-implicit_49-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-implicit_49-18">s</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Convention_on_Succession_of_States_in_respect_of_Treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Vienna Convention on Succession of States in respect of Treaties">Vienna Convention on Succession of States in respect of Treaties</a>, states which succeed to a treaty after gaining independence from a state party "shall be considered as maintaining any reservation to that treaty which was applicable at the date of the succession of States in respect of the territory to which the succession of States relates unless, when making the notification of succession, it expresses a contrary intention or formulates a reservation which relates to the same subject matter as that reservation." Any state which has not clarified their position on reservations inherited on succession are listed as "implicit" reservations. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Although the FR Yugoslavia claimed to be the continuator state of the SFR of Yugoslavia, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> did not accept this and forced them to reapply for membership. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Listed as 28 October 1997 by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[77]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> Some sources list two reservations by Thailand, but neither the instrument of accession,<a href="#cite_note-dep-1">[1]</a> nor the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a> list,<a href="#cite_note-90">[82]</a> makes any mention of a reservation. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Convention_on_the_Law_of_Treaties" title="Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties">Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties</a>, states may make a reservation when "signing, ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to a treaty". </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-signatory_states">Non-signatory states</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneva_Protocol&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Non-signatory states">edit</a>]</div> The remaining <a href="/wiki/UN_member_states" class="mw-redirect" title="UN member states">UN member states</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">UN observers</a> that have not acceded or succeeded to the Protocol are: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" 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title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a 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Congo</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a 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data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/20px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/31px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/40px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/23px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/35px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/46px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/23px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/35px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/46px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/35px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/45px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemical_weapons_prohibitions">Chemical weapons prohibitions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneva_Protocol&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Chemical weapons prohibitions">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Effect </th></tr> <tr> <td>1675 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_Agreement_(1675)" title="Strasbourg Agreement (1675)">Strasbourg Agreement</a> </td> <td>The first international agreement limiting the use of chemical weapons, in this case, poison bullets. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1874 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brussels_Convention_on_the_Law_and_Customs_of_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brussels Convention on the Law and Customs of War (page does not exist)">Brussels Convention on the Law and Customs of War</a> </td> <td>Prohibited the employment of poison or poisoned weapons (Never entered into force.) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1899 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">1st Peace Conference at the Hague</a> </td> <td>Signatories agreed to abstain from "the use of projectiles the object of which is the diffusion of asphyxiating or deleterious gases." </td></tr> <tr> <td>1907 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">2nd Peace Conference at the Hague</a> </td> <td>The Conference added the use of poison or poisoned weapons. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1919 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> </td> <td>Prohibited poison gas in Germany. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1922 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_relating_to_the_Use_of_Submarines_and_Noxious_Gases_in_Warfare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty relating to the Use of Submarines and Noxious Gases in Warfare (page does not exist)">Treaty relating to the Use of Submarines and Noxious Gases in Warfare</a> </td> <td>Failed because France objected to clauses relating to submarine warfare. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1925 </td> <td>Geneva Protocol </td> <td>Prohibited the "use in war of asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases, and of all analogous liquids, materials or devices" and "bacteriological methods" in international conflicts. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Biological_and_Toxins_Weapons_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological and Toxins Weapons Convention">Biological and Toxins Weapons Convention</a> </td> <td>No verification mechanism, negotiations for a protocol to make up this lack halted by USA in 2001. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Weapons_Convention" title="Chemical Weapons Convention">Chemical Weapons Convention</a> </td> <td>Comprehensive bans on development, production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons, with destruction timelines. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court</a> </td> <td>Makes it a war crime to employ chemical weapons in international conflicts. (<a href="/wiki/Amendments_to_the_Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Amendments to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">2010 amendment</a> extends prohibition to internal conflicts.) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneva_Protocol&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dep-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dep_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dep_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dep_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dep_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dep_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dep_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dep_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dep_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dep_1-8">i</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202071155/http://www.doc.diplomatie.gouv.fr/BASIS/pacte/webext/multidep/DDW?W%3D+ORDER+BY+DATOP%2FAscend%26M%3D18%26K%3D19250001%26R%3DY%26U%3D1">"Protocole concernant la prohibition d'emploi à la guerre de gaz asphyxiants, toxiques ou similaires et de moyens bactériologiques, fait à Genève le 17 juin 1925"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_and_European_Affairs_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (France)">Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of France</a>. 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Retrieved 23 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Protocole+concernant+la+prohibition+d%27emploi+%C3%A0+la+guerre+de+gaz+asphyxiants%2C+toxiques+ou+similaires+et+de+moyens+bact%C3%A9riologiques%2C+fait+%C3%A0+Gen%C3%A8ve+le+17+juin+1925&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+and+European+Affairs+of+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diplomatie.gouv.fr%2Ftraites%2Faffichetraite.do%3Faccord%3DTRA19250001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Chemical Weapons Convention, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opcw.org/chemical-weapons-convention/articles/article-xxi-entry-into-force">Article 21</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-unoda-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unoda_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unoda_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unoda_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treaties.unoda.org/t/1925">"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. 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Giuffrè Editore. pp. 231–237. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788814130625" title="Special:BookSources/9788814130625"><bdi>9788814130625</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved 27 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Angola%3A+Accession+to+1925+Geneva+Protocol&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Fangola%2Facc%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/a/1925/australia/acc/paris">"Australia: Accession to 1925 Geneva Protocol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. Retrieved 20 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australia%3A+Accession+to+1925+Geneva+Protocol&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Faustralia%2Facc%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/a/1925/bahrain/acc/paris">"Bahrain: Accession to 1925 Geneva Protocol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. Retrieved 27 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bahrain%3A+Accession+to+1925+Geneva+Protocol&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Fbahrain%2Facc%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/a/1925/bangladesh/acc/paris">"Bangladesh: Accession to 1925 Geneva Protocol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. Retrieved 27 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bangladesh%3A+Accession+to+1925+Geneva+Protocol&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Fbangladesh%2Facc%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/a/1925/barbados/suc/paris">"Barbados: Succession to 1925 Geneva Protocol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. 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Retrieved 27 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Belgium%3A+Ratification+of+1925+Geneva+Protocol&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Fbelgium%2Frat%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/a/1925/bulgaria/rat/paris">"Bulgaria: Ratification of 1925 Geneva Protocol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. 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Retrieved 28 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ireland%3A+Accession+to+1925+Geneva+Protocol&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Fireland%2Facc%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/a/1925/israel/acc/paris">"Israel: Accession to 1925 Geneva Protocol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. Retrieved 28 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel%3A+Accession+to+1925+Geneva+Protocol&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Fisrael%2Facc%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/a/1925/jordan/acc/paris">"Jordan: Accession to 1925 Geneva Protocol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. Retrieved 28 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jordan%3A+Accession+to+1925+Geneva+Protocol&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Fjordan%2Facc%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/a/1925/democraticpeoplesrepublicofkorea/acc/paris">"Democratic People's Republic of Korea: Accession to 1925 Geneva Protocol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. Retrieved 29 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Democratic+People%27s+Republic+of+Korea%3A+Accession+to+1925+Geneva+Protocol&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Fdemocraticpeoplesrepublicofkorea%2Facc%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/a/1925/kuwait/acc/paris">"Kuwait: Accession to 1925 Geneva Protocol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. Retrieved 28 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kuwait%3A+Accession+to+1925+Geneva+Protocol&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Fkuwait%2Facc%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/a/1925/libya/acc/paris">"Libya: Accession to 1925 Geneva Protocol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. Retrieved 28 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Libya%3A+Accession+to+1925+Geneva+Protocol&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Flibya%2Facc%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/a/1925/mongolia/acc/paris">"Mongolia: Accession to 1925 Geneva Protocol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. 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Retrieved 29 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Zealand%3A+Accession+to+1925+Geneva+Protocol&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Fnewzealand%2Facc%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/a/1925/nigeria/acc/paris">"Nigeria: Accession to 1925 Geneva Protocol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. Retrieved 29 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nigeria%3A+Accession+to+1925+Geneva+Protocol&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Fnigeria%2Facc%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/a/1925/papuanewguinea/suc/paris">"Papua New Guinea: Succession to 1925 Geneva Protocol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opbw.org/rev_cons/7rc/BWC_CONF.VII_Press_111205_E.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 24 September 2015. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/sbtwc/key7rev/article_VIII.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 23 September 2015. 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Retrieved 31 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spain%3A+Ratification+of+1925+Geneva+Protocol&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Fspain%2Frat%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/a/1925/syrianarabrepublic/acc/paris">"Syrian Arab Republic: Accession to 1925 Geneva Protocol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. Retrieved 31 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+Arab+Republic%3A+Accession+to+1925+Geneva+Protocol&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Fsyrianarabrepublic%2Facc%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/a/1925/thailand/rat/paris">"Thailand: Ratification of 1925 Geneva Protocol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. Retrieved 31 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thailand%3A+Ratification+of+1925+Geneva+Protocol&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Fthailand%2Frat%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/a/1925/unitedkingdomofgreatbritainandnorthernireland/rat/paris">"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: Ratification of 1925 Geneva"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. Retrieved 31 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Kingdom+of+Great+Britain+and+Northern+Ireland%3A+Ratification+of+1925+Geneva&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Funitedkingdomofgreatbritainandnorthernireland%2Frat%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/a/1925/unitedstatesofamerica/rat/paris">"United States of America: Ratification of 1925 Geneva Protocol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. Retrieved 31 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+of+America%3A+Ratification+of+1925+Geneva+Protocol&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Funitedstatesofamerica%2Frat%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/a/1925/vietnam/acc/paris">"Viet Nam: Accession to 1925 Geneva Protocol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. Retrieved 31 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Viet+Nam%3A+Accession+to+1925+Geneva+Protocol&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Fvietnam%2Facc%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/a/1925/yemen/acc/paris">"Yemen: Accession to 1925 Geneva Protocol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Disarmament_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs</a>. Retrieved 31 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yemen%3A+Accession+to+1925+Geneva+Protocol&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+of+Disarmament+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisarmament.un.org%2Ftreaties%2Fa%2F1925%2Fyemen%2Facc%2Fparis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneva_Protocol&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederic_Joseph_Brown2005" class="citation book cs1">Frederic Joseph Brown (2005). "Chapter 3: The Evolution of Policy 1922-1939 / Geneva Gas Protocol". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dJEpNNKMEXgC">Chemical warfare: a study in restraints</a>. Transaction Publishers. pp. 98–110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4128-0495-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-4128-0495-7"><bdi>1-4128-0495-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+3%3A+The+Evolution+of+Policy+1922-1939+%2F+Geneva+Gas+Protocol&rft.btitle=Chemical+warfare%3A+a+study+in+restraints&rft.pages=98-110&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-4128-0495-7&rft.au=Frederic+Joseph+Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdJEpNNKMEXgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneva+Protocol" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Bunn, George. "Gas and germ warfare: international legal history and present status." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 65.1 (1970): 253+. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC286219/pdf/pnas00092-0274.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Webster, Andrew. "Making Disarmament Work: The implementation of the international disarmament provisions in the League of Nations Covenant, 1919–1925." Diplomacy and Statecraft 16.3 (2005): 551–569.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneva_Protocol&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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