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id="toc-Names_and_subgroups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origin_myth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_myth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Origin myth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_myth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guizhou_kingdoms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guizhou_kingdoms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Guizhou kingdoms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guizhou_kingdoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yunnan_kingdoms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yunnan_kingdoms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Yunnan kingdoms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yunnan_kingdoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ming_and_Qing_dynasties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ming_and_Qing_dynasties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Ming and Qing dynasties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ming_and_Qing_dynasties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yi_polities_throughout_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yi_polities_throughout_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Yi polities throughout history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yi_polities_throughout_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Language-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Language subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Script" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Script"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Script</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Script-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Gender</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slavery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slavery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Slavery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slavery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folklore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folklore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Folklore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folklore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torch_Festival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torch_Festival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Torch Festival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torch_Festival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Religion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bimoism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bimoism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bimoism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bimoism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Other religions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Yi people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%8A_(%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="يي (قومية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يي (قومية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8E-cho%CC%8Dk" title="Î-cho̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Î-cho̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="དབྱི་མི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དབྱི་མི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yis" title="Yis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Yis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iov%C3%A9" title="Iové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Iové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_(folk)" title="Yi (folk) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Yi (folk)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_(Volk)" title="Yi (Volk) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Yi (Volk)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi" title="Yi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jioj" title="Jioj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jioj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_etnia" title="Yi etnia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Yi etnia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="قوم ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قوم ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_(ethnie)" title="Yi (ethnie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yi (ethnie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%AC-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Yì-chhu̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yì-chhu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="이족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="यी लोग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यी लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Yi" title="Suku Yi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Yi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_(popolo)" title="Yi (popolo) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Yi (popolo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%99_(%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="יי (קבוצה אתנית) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יי (קבוצה אתנית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong_Yi" title="Wong Yi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wong Yi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%86%D0%B7%D1%83" title="Ицзу – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ицзу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_(netewe)" title="Yi (netewe) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Yi (netewe)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idzai" title="Idzai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Idzai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4" title="യി ജനത – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യി ജനത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%89" title="يى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_(suku)" title="Yi (suku) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Yi (suku)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8C-c%C5%ADk" title="Ì-cŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ì-cŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98_%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="И үндэстэн – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="И үндэстэн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="ယီ လူမျိုး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ယီ လူမျိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_(volk)" title="Yi (volk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Yi (volk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E6%97%8F" title="イ族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イ族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_(folk)" title="Yi (folk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Yi (folk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="یی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_(grupa_etniczna)" title="Yi (grupa etniczna) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Yi (grupa etniczna)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="И (народ) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="И (народ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi" title="Yi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Yi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yit" title="Yit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yifolket" title="Yifolket – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Yifolket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="யி மக்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யி மக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8B" title="Йи халкы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Йи халкы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiler" title="Yiler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yiler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%89%D8%B2%DB%87_%D9%85%D9%89%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="يىزۇ مىللىتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يىزۇ مىللىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boux_Yiz" title="Boux Yiz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Boux Yiz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_L%C3%B4_L%C3%B4" title="Người Lô Lô – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Lô Lô" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F" title="彝族 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="彝族" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F" title="彝族 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="彝族" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F" title="彝族 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="彝族" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group in China, Vietnam and Thailand</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the peoples living to the east of the early Chinese civilization, see <a href="/wiki/Dongyi" title="Dongyi">Dongyi</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Yi people</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div style="height:182px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Market_Woman,Yi_Minority_(44388070941).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Market_Woman%2CYi_Minority_%2844388070941%29.jpg/238px-Market_Woman%2CYi_Minority_%2844388070941%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Market_Woman%2CYi_Minority_%2844388070941%29.jpg/357px-Market_Woman%2CYi_Minority_%2844388070941%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Market_Woman%2CYi_Minority_%2844388070941%29.jpg/476px-Market_Woman%2CYi_Minority_%2844388070941%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5417" data-file-height="4147" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div style="height:147px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhongdian_festival,_Yi_women_(6169784389).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Zhongdian_festival%2C_Yi_women_%286169784389%29.jpg/238px-Zhongdian_festival%2C_Yi_women_%286169784389%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Zhongdian_festival%2C_Yi_women_%286169784389%29.jpg/357px-Zhongdian_festival%2C_Yi_women_%286169784389%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Zhongdian_festival%2C_Yi_women_%286169784389%29.jpg/476px-Zhongdian_festival%2C_Yi_women_%286169784389%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1780" data-file-height="1104" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="infobox-caption">Yi woman in <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9 million (2010)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,827 (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-Census2019_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Nuosu_language" title="Nuosu language">Yi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Mandarin" title="Southwestern Mandarin">Southwestern Mandarin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Majority: <a href="/wiki/Bimoism" title="Bimoism">Bimoism</a> (native Yi variety of Shamanism); minority: <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bamar_people" title="Bamar people">Bamar</a> (Burman), <a href="/wiki/Nakhi_people" title="Nakhi people">Nakhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tujia_people" title="Tujia people">Tujia</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Yi people</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">彝族</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Yízú</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Yi<sup>2</sup>-tsu<sup>2</sup></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Nuosu</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">诺苏</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">諾蘇</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Nuòsū</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>No<sup>4</sup>-su<sup>1</sup></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Lolo</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">倮倮</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Luǒ luǒ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Lo<sup>3</sup>-lo<sup>3</sup></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Burmese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">ယီလူမျိုး</span></span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Vietnamese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Lô Lô</i></span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Thai name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">โล-โล</span></span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Nuosu name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Nuosu</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227801556">.mw-parser-output .script-yi{font-family:"Nuosu SIL","SIL Yi","Noto Sans Yi","Microsoft Yi Baiti",NSimSun-18030,SimSun-18030,Code2000}</style><span class="script-yi">ꆈꌠꉙ</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yi_People_of_Daliangshan,_1995._.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black Nuosu Yi of Daliangshan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Yi_People_of_Daliangshan%2C_1995._.jpg/220px-Yi_People_of_Daliangshan%2C_1995._.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Yi_People_of_Daliangshan%2C_1995._.jpg/330px-Yi_People_of_Daliangshan%2C_1995._.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Yi_People_of_Daliangshan%2C_1995._.jpg/440px-Yi_People_of_Daliangshan%2C_1995._.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="648" /></a><figcaption>Black Nuosu Yi of Daliangshan</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Yi</b> or <b>Nuosu people</b> (<a href="/wiki/Nuosu_language" title="Nuosu language">Nuosu</a>: <span title="Yi-language text"><span lang="ii">ꆈꌠ</span></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[nɔ̄sū]</a></span>; see also <a href="#Names_and_subgroups">§ Names and subgroups</a>) are an <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">southern China</a>. Numbering nine million people, they are the seventh largest of the 55 <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_China" title="Ethnic minorities in China">ethnic minority groups</a> recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">Chinese government</a>. They live primarily in rural areas of <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a>, usually in mountainous regions. The <a href="/wiki/Liangshan_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture</a> is home to the largest population of Yi people within China, with two million Yi people in the region. In neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, as of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there are 4,827 <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B4_L%C3%B4_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Lô Lô people">Lô Lô people</a> (a subgroup of the Yi) living in the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Giang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Hà Giang Province">Hà Giang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Cao Bằng Province">Cao Bằng</a>, and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A0o_Cai_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Lào Cai Province">Lào Cai provinces</a>, in the country's north. </p><p>The Yi speak various <a href="/wiki/Loloish_languages" title="Loloish languages">Loloish languages</a>, closely related to <a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a>. The prestige variety is <a href="/wiki/Nuosu_language" title="Nuosu language">Nuosu</a>, which is written in the <a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">Yi script</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Of the more than 9 million Yi people, over 4.5 million live in <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</a>, 2.5 million live in southern Sichuan Province and 1 million live in the northwest corner of Guizhou Province. Nearly all the Yi live in mountainous areas,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> often carving out their existence on the sides of steep mountain slopes far from the cities of China. </p><p>The altitudinal differences of the Yi areas directly affect the climate and precipitation of these areas. These striking differences are the basis of the old saying that "The weather is different a few miles away" in the Yi area. Yi populations in different areas are very different from one another, making their living in completely different ways.<sup id="cite_ref-china.org.cn_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-china.org.cn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names_and_subgroups">Names and subgroups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Names and subgroups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_lesser-known_Loloish_languages" title="List of lesser-known Loloish languages">List of lesser-known Loloish languages</a></div> <p>Although different groups of Yi refer to themselves in different ways (including Nisu, Sani, Axi, Lolo, and Acheh) and sometimes speak mutually unintelligible languages, they have been grouped into a single ethnicity by the <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Chinese</a> and the various local appellations can be classified into three groups: </p> <ul><li><b>Ni</b> (<span title="Yi-language text"><span lang="ii">ꆀ</span></span>). The appellations of Nuosu,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nasu_people" title="Nasu people">Nasu</a>, Nesu, Nisu and other similar names are considered derivatives of the original autonym <i>Nip</i> (<span title="Yi-language text"><span lang="ii">ꆀ</span></span>) appended with the suffix <i>-su</i>, indicating 'people'. The name <i>Sani</i> is also a variety of this group. Further, it is widely believed that the Chinese name <i>Yí</i> (both <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">夷</span></span> and <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">彝</span></span>) were derived from Ni.</li> <li><b>Lolo</b>. The appellations of Lolo, Lolopu, etc. are related to the Yi people's worship of the tiger, as <i>lo</i> in their dialects means 'tiger'.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Lo</i> is also the basis for the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Exonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym">exonym</a> <i>Luóluó</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">猓猓</span></span>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">倮倮</span></span> or <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">罗罗</span></span>). The original character (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">猓</span></span>), with the "<a href="/wiki/Radical_94" title="Radical 94">dog radical</a>" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">犭</span></span>) and a <i>guǒ</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">果</span></span>) phonetic, was a <a href="/wiki/Graphic_pejoratives_in_written_Chinese" title="Graphic pejoratives in written Chinese">graphic pejorative</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> comparable to the Chinese name <i>guǒran</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">猓然</span></span>, 'a long-tailed ape'). Languages reforms in the PRC replaced the character in <i>Luóluó</i> twice—first by <i>Luó</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">倮</span></span>), with the "<a href="/wiki/Radical_9" title="Radical 9">human radical</a>" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">亻</span></span>) and the same phonetic, but that was a graphic variant for <i>luǒ</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">裸</span></span>, 'naked'), and later by <i>Luó</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">罗</span></span>, 'net for catching birds'). <a href="/wiki/Paul_K._Benedict" title="Paul K. Benedict">Paul K. Benedict</a> noted, "a leading Chinese linguist, has remarked that the name 'Lolo' <i>is offensive only when written with the 'dog' radical</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Other</b>. This group includes various other appellations of different groups of Yi. Some of them may be of other ethnic groups but are recognised as Yi by the Chinese. The "Pu" may be relevant to an ancient ethnic group <a href="/wiki/Bo_people_(China)" title="Bo people (China)">Pu</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">濮</span></span>). In the legends of the Northern Yi, the Yi people conquered Pu and its territory in the northeastern part of the modern <a href="/wiki/Liangshan_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Liangshan</a>.</li></ul> <p>Groups listed below are sorted by their broad linguistic classification and the general geographic area where they live. Within each section, larger groups are listed first. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Classification </th> <th>Approximate total population </th> <th>Groups </th></tr> <tr> <td>Southern </td> <td>1,082,120 </td> <td>Nisu, Southern Nasu, Muji, A Che, Southern Gaisu, Pula,<br /> Boka, Lesu, Chesu, Laowu, Alu, Azong, Xiuba </td></tr> <tr> <td>Southeastern </td> <td>729,760 </td> <td>Poluo, Sani, Axi, Azhe, Southeastern Lolo, Jiasou, Puwa,<br /> Aluo, Awu, Digao, Meng, Xiqi, Ati, Daizhan, Asahei, Laba,<br /> Zuoke, Ani, Minglang, Long </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central </td> <td>565,080 </td> <td>Lolopo, Dayao Lipo, Central Niesu, Enipu, Lopi, Popei </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eastern </td> <td>1,456,270 </td> <td>Eastern Nasu, Panxian Nasu, Wusa Nasu, Shuixi Nosu,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Lipo" title="Eastern Lipo">Wuding Lipo</a>, Mangbu Nosu, Eastern Gepo, Naisu, Wumeng,<br /> Naluo, Samei, Sanie, Luowu, Guopu, Gese, Xiaohei Neisu,<br /> Dahei Neisu, Depo, Laka, Lagou, Aling, Tushu, Gouzou,<br /> Wopu, Eastern Samadu </td></tr> <tr> <td>Western </td> <td>1,162,040 </td> <td>Mishaba Laluo, Western Lolo, Xiangtang, Xinping Lalu,<br /> Yangliu Lalu, Tusu, Gaiji, Jiantou Laluo, Xijima, Limi, Mili,<br /> Lawu, Qiangyi, Western Samadu, Western Gepo,<br /> Xuzhang Lalu, Eka, Western Gaisu, Suan, Pengzi </td></tr> <tr> <td>Northern </td> <td>2,534,120 </td> <td>Shengba Nosu, Yinuo Nosu, Xiaoliangshan Nosu, Butuo Nosu,<br /> Suodi, Tianba Nosu, Bai Yi, Naruo, Naru, Talu, Mixisu, Liwu,<br /> Northern Awu, Tagu, Liude, Naza, Ta'er </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unclassified </td> <td>55,490 </td> <td>Michi (Miqie), Jinghong Nasu, Apu, Muzi, Tanglang, Micha,<br /> Ayizi, Guaigun </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ssong.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ssong.png/220px-Ssong.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ssong.png/330px-Ssong.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ssong.png/440px-Ssong.png 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="899" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mu%27ege" title="Mu'ege">Mu'ege</a> and other Yi kingdoms contemporary to <a href="/wiki/Southern_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Song">Southern Song</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nam_Chi%E1%BA%BFu.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nam_Chi%E1%BA%BFu.png/220px-Nam_Chi%E1%BA%BFu.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nam_Chi%E1%BA%BFu.png/330px-Nam_Chi%E1%BA%BFu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nam_Chi%E1%BA%BFu.png/440px-Nam_Chi%E1%BA%BFu.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="1045" /></a><figcaption>The Yi kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Nanzhao" title="Nanzhao">Nanzhao</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yimouxun_Shizhongshan_Grottoes_Jianchuan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Yimouxun_Shizhongshan_Grottoes_Jianchuan.jpg/220px-Yimouxun_Shizhongshan_Grottoes_Jianchuan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Yimouxun_Shizhongshan_Grottoes_Jianchuan.jpg/330px-Yimouxun_Shizhongshan_Grottoes_Jianchuan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Yimouxun_Shizhongshan_Grottoes_Jianchuan.jpg/440px-Yimouxun_Shizhongshan_Grottoes_Jianchuan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Carving of Yimouxun (r. 779–808) the ruler of <a href="/wiki/Nanzhao" title="Nanzhao">Nanzhao</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F%E5%88%BB%E8%8A%B1%E9%93%B6%E7%89%87%E6%B5%81%E8%8B%8F%E5%A1%94%E5%BD%A2%E5%B8%BD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F%E5%88%BB%E8%8A%B1%E9%93%B6%E7%89%87%E6%B5%81%E8%8B%8F%E5%A1%94%E5%BD%A2%E5%B8%BD.jpg/220px-%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F%E5%88%BB%E8%8A%B1%E9%93%B6%E7%89%87%E6%B5%81%E8%8B%8F%E5%A1%94%E5%BD%A2%E5%B8%BD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F%E5%88%BB%E8%8A%B1%E9%93%B6%E7%89%87%E6%B5%81%E8%8B%8F%E5%A1%94%E5%BD%A2%E5%B8%BD.jpg/330px-%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F%E5%88%BB%E8%8A%B1%E9%93%B6%E7%89%87%E6%B5%81%E8%8B%8F%E5%A1%94%E5%BD%A2%E5%B8%BD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F%E5%88%BB%E8%8A%B1%E9%93%B6%E7%89%87%E6%B5%81%E8%8B%8F%E5%A1%94%E5%BD%A2%E5%B8%BD.jpg/440px-%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F%E5%88%BB%E8%8A%B1%E9%93%B6%E7%89%87%E6%B5%81%E8%8B%8F%E5%A1%94%E5%BD%A2%E5%B8%BD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2568" data-file-height="2376" /></a><figcaption>Yi silver headdress</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin_myth">Origin myth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Origin myth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Yi legend, all life originated in water and water was created by snowmelt, which as it dripped down, created a creature called the Ni. The Ni gave birth to all life. Ni is another name for the Yi people. It is sometimes translated as black because black is a revered color in Yi culture.<sup id="cite_ref-perspectives_1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perspectives_1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yi tradition tells us that their common ancestor was named Apu Dumu <span title="Yi-language text"><span lang="ii">ꀉꁌꅋꃅ</span></span> or <span title="Yi-language text"><span lang="ii">ꀉꁌꐧꃅ</span></span> (<i>Axpu Ddutmu</i> or <i>Axpu Jjutmu</i>). Apu Dumu had three wives, each of whom had two sons. The six sons migrated to the area that is now <a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a> and spread out in the four directions, creating the Wu, Zha, Nuo, Heng, Bu, and Mo clans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECosmo2003248-249_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECosmo2003248-249-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Yi practiced a lineage system where younger brothers were treated as slaves by their elders, which resulted in a culture of migration where younger brothers constantly left their villages to create their own domains.<sup id="cite_ref-perspectives_1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perspectives_1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guizhou_kingdoms">Guizhou kingdoms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Guizhou kingdoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mu%27ege" title="Mu'ege">Mu'ege</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ziqi" title="Ziqi">Ziqi</a></div> <p>The Heng clan divided into two branches. One branch, known as the Wumeng, settled along the western slope of the Wumeng Mountain range, extending their control as far west as modern day <a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a>, Yunnan. The other branch, known as the Chele, moved along the eastern slope of the Wumeng Mountain range and settled to the north of the <a href="/wiki/Chishui_River" title="Chishui River">Chishui River</a>. By the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907), the Chele occupied the area from today <a href="/wiki/Xuyong" class="mw-redirect" title="Xuyong">Xuyong</a> county in Sichuan to <a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a> city in Guizhou. The Bu clan fragmented into four branches. The Bole branch settled in <a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a>, the Wusa branch settled in <a href="/wiki/Weining_Yi,_Hui,_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Weining Yi, Hui, and Miao Autonomous County">Weining</a>, the Azouchi branch settled in <a href="/wiki/Zhanyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhanyi">Zhanyi</a>, and the Gukuge branch settled in northeast Yunnan. The Mo clan, descended from Mujiji (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">慕齊齊</span></span>), split into three branches. One branch known as the Awangren, led by Wualou, settled in southwest Guizhou and formed the <a href="/wiki/Ziqi" title="Ziqi">Ziqi</a> Kingdom. Wuake led the second branch, the Ayuxi, to settle near Ma'an Mountain south of <a href="/wiki/Huize" class="mw-redirect" title="Huize">Huize</a>. Wuana led the third branch to settle in <a href="/wiki/Hezhang" class="mw-redirect" title="Hezhang">Hezhang</a>. In the 3rd century AD, Wuana's branch split into the Mangbu branch in <a href="/wiki/Zhenxiong" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhenxiong">Zhenxiong</a>, led by Tuomangbu, and Luodian (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">羅甸</span></span>) in Luogen, led by Tuoazhe. By 300, Luodian covered over much of the <a href="/wiki/Shuixi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuixi">Shuixi</a> region. Its ruler, Moweng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">莫翁</span></span>), moved the capital to Mugebaizhage (modern <a href="/wiki/Dafang" class="mw-redirect" title="Dafang">Dafang</a>), where he renamed his realm the <a href="/wiki/Mu%27ege" title="Mu'ege">Mu'ege</a> kingdom, otherwise known as the Chiefdom of Shuixi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECosmo2003248-249_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECosmo2003248-249-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <caption>Nasu Yi kingdoms by the Tang dynasty </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Kingdom</th> <th>Ruling clan</th> <th>Modern area </th></tr> <tr> <td>Badedian</td> <td>Mangbu</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhenxiong" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhenxiong">Zhenxiong</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luoshi_Kingdom" title="Luoshi Kingdom">Luodian/Luoshi</a></td> <td>Bole</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mu%27ege" title="Mu'ege">Mu'ege</a></td> <td>Luo</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dafang" class="mw-redirect" title="Dafang">Dafang</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ziqi" title="Ziqi">Ziqi</a>/Yushi</td> <td>Awangren</td> <td>Southwest <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>After the Eastern Han dynasty, the <a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Shu</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> conducted several wars against the ancestors of Yi under the lead of <a href="/wiki/Zhuge_Liang" title="Zhuge Liang">Zhuge Liang</a>. They defeated the king of Yi, <span title="Yi-language text"><span lang="ii">ꂽꉼ</span></span> (<i><a href="/wiki/Meng_Huo" title="Meng Huo">Mot Hop</a></i>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">孟获</span></span>) and expanded their conquered territory in Yi area. After that, the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Jin Dynasty</a> succeeded Shu as the <a href="/wiki/Suzerain" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzerain">suzerain</a> of Yi area but with weak control. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>To further solidify a buffer zone between itself and the expansionistic Nanzhao kingdom, in 846 the Tang bestowed upon the patriarch of the Bole patriclan the hereditary title King of the Luodian kingdom (<i>Luodian guo wang</i>). In the same year the Tang forged a relationship with the Awangren branch of the Mo patriclan, which had settled in the Panxian–Puan area of southwest Guizhou, and recognized the Awangren as leaders of the Yushi kingdom. A year later, in 847, the Tang acknowledged the formation of the Badedian kingdom located in northeast Yunnan and headed by the Mangbu branch of the Azhe patriclan. These four kingdoms, Zangge (Mu'ege), Luodian, Yushi, and Badedian formed an initial Tang defensive perimeter between Nanzhao-controlled territory to the southwest and Tang China.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECosmo2003249_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECosmo2003249-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>John E. Herman</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yunnan_kingdoms">Yunnan kingdoms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Yunnan kingdoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cuanman" title="Cuanman">Cuanman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanzhao" title="Nanzhao">Nanzhao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dali_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Dali kingdom">Dali kingdom</a></div> <p>Some historians believe that the majority of the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Nanzhao" title="Nanzhao">Nanzhao</a> were of the <a href="/wiki/Bai_people" title="Bai people">Bai people</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but that the elite spoke a variant of <a href="/wiki/Nuosu_language" title="Nuosu language">Nuosu</a> (also called <i>Yi</i>), a <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibeto-Burman">Tibeto-Burman</a> language closely related to <a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Cuanman" title="Cuanman">Cuanman</a> people came to power in Yunnan during <a href="/wiki/Zhuge_Liang%27s_Southern_Campaign" title="Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign">Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign</a> in 225. By the fourth century they had gained control of the region, but they rebelled against the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a> in 593 and were destroyed by a retaliatory expedition in 602. The Cuan split into two groups known as the Black and White Mywa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckwith198765_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckwith198765-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The White Mywa (Baiman) tribes, who are considered the predecessors of the Bai people, settled on the fertile land of western Yunnan around the alpine fault lake <a href="/wiki/Erhai_Lake" title="Erhai Lake">Erhai</a>. The Black Mywa (Wuman), considered to be predecessors of the Yi people, settled in the mountainous regions of eastern Yunnan. These tribes were called Mengshe (蒙舍), Mengxi (蒙嶲), Langqiong (浪穹), Tengtan (邆賧), Shilang (施浪), and Yuexi (越析). Each tribe was known as a <i>zhao</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Faded_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Faded-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In academia, the ethnic composition of the Nanzhao kingdom's population has been debated for a century. Chinese scholars tend to favour the theory that the rulers came from the aforementioned Bai or Yi groups, while some non-Chinese scholars subscribed to the theory that the <a href="/wiki/Tai_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai people">Tai ethnic group</a> was a major component, that later moved south into modern-day <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 649, the chieftain of the Mengshe tribe, Xinuluo (細奴邏), founded the Great Meng (大蒙) and took the title of Qijia Wang (奇嘉王; "Outstanding King"). He acknowledged Tang suzerainty.<sup id="cite_ref-knowledge_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knowledge-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 652, Xinuluo absorbed the White Mywa realm of Zhang Lejinqiu, who ruled <a href="/wiki/Erhai_Lake" title="Erhai Lake">Erhai Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cang_Mountain" title="Cang Mountain">Cang Mountain</a>. This event occurred peacefully as Zhang made way for Xinuluo of his own accord. The agreement was consecrated under an iron pillar in <a href="/wiki/Dali_Old_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Dali Old Town">Dali</a>. Thereafter the Black and White Mywa acted as warriors and ministers respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Faded_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Faded-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 704 the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan Empire</a> made the White Mywa tribes into vassals or tributaries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckwith198765_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckwith198765-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the year 737 AD, with the support of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, the great-grandson of Xinuluo, <a href="/wiki/Piluoge" title="Piluoge">Piluoge</a> (皮羅閣), united the six <i>zhao</i>s in succession, establishing a new kingdom called Nanzhao (Mandarin, "Southern Zhao"). The capital was established in 738 at Taihe, (the site of modern-day Taihe village, a few miles south of <a href="/wiki/Dali,_Yunnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dali, Yunnan">Dali</a>). Located in the heart of the Erhai valley, the site was ideal: it could be easily defended against attack and it was in the midst of rich farmland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackmore1960_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackmore1960-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the reign of Piluoge, the White Mywa were removed from eastern Yunnan and resettled in the west. The Black and White Mywa were separated to create a more solidified caste system of ministers and warriors.<sup id="cite_ref-Faded_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Faded-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nanzhao existed for 165 years until A.D. 902. After 35 years of tangled warfare, Duan Siping (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">段思平</span></span>) of the Bai birth founded the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dali" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Dali">Kingdom of Dali</a>, succeeding the territory of Nanzhao. Most Yi of that time were under the ruling of Dali. Dali's sovereign reign lasted for 316 years until it was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a>. During the era of Dali, Yi people lived in the territory of Dali but had little communication with the royalty of Dali. </p><p>Kublai Khan included Dali in his domain. The Yuan emperors remained firmly in control of the Yi people and the area they inhabited as part of Kublai Khan's Yunnan Xingsheng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">云南行省</span></span>) at current Yunnan, Guizhou and part of Sichuan. In order to enhance its sovereign over the area, the Yuan dynasty set up a dominion for Yi, Luoluo Xuanweisi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">罗罗宣慰司</span></span>), the name of which means local <a href="/wiki/Appeasement" title="Appeasement">appeasement</a> government for Lolos. Although technically under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuan Dynasty">Yuan</a> emperor, the Yi still had autonomy during the Yuan dynasty. The gulf between aristocrats and the common people increased during this time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ming_and_Qing_dynasties">Ming and Qing dynasties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ming and Qing dynasties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/She-An_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="She-An Rebellion">She-An Rebellion</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:W._J._Mortimore_and_C._W._Service_with_Nosu_people.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/W._J._Mortimore_and_C._W._Service_with_Nosu_people.png/230px-W._J._Mortimore_and_C._W._Service_with_Nosu_people.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/W._J._Mortimore_and_C._W._Service_with_Nosu_people.png/345px-W._J._Mortimore_and_C._W._Service_with_Nosu_people.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/W._J._Mortimore_and_C._W._Service_with_Nosu_people.png/460px-W._J._Mortimore_and_C._W._Service_with_Nosu_people.png 2x" data-file-width="870" data-file-height="1138" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Methodist_Mission" title="Canadian Methodist Mission">Canadian Methodist missionaries</a> William John Mortimore and Charles Winfield Service among the Yi tribesmen of <a href="/wiki/Liangshan_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture">southwestern Sichuan</a>, before 1911.</figcaption></figure> <p>Beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, the Chinese empire expedited its cultural assimilation policy in Southwestern China, spreading the policy of <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">gaitu guiliu</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">改土歸流</span></span>, 'replacing <i>tusi</i> (local chieftains) with "normal" officials').<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The governing power of many Yi feudal lords had previously been expropriated by the successors of officials assigned by the central government. With the progress of <i>gaitu guiliu</i>, the Yi area was dismembered into many communities both large and small, and it was difficult for the communities to communicate with each other as there were often Han-ruled areas between them. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi Emperor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> defeated <a href="/wiki/Wu_Sangui" title="Wu Sangui">Wu Sangui</a> and took over the land of Yunnan and established a provincial government there. When <a href="/wiki/Ortai" title="Ortai">Ortai</a> became the Viceroy of Yunnan and Guizhou during the era of <a href="/wiki/Yongzheng_Emperor" title="Yongzheng Emperor">Yongzheng Emperor</a>, the policy of <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">gaitu guiliu</i></span> and cultural assimilation against Yi were strengthened. Under these policies, Yi who lived near Kunming were forced to abandon their convention of traditional <a href="/wiki/Cremation" title="Cremation">cremation</a> and adopt burial, a policy which triggered rebellions among the Yi. The Qing dynasty suppressed these rebellions. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Second_Opium_War" title="Second Opium War">Second Opium War</a> (1856–1860), many <a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Christian missionaries</a> from France and Great Britain visited the area in which the Yi lived. Although some missionaries believed that Yi of some areas such as <a href="/wiki/Liangshan_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Liangshan</a> were not under the ruling of Qing dynasty and should be independent, most aristocrats insisted that Yi was a part of China despite their resentment against Qing rule. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miao_enclave_in_China_1891.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Miao_enclave_in_China_1891.jpg/220px-Miao_enclave_in_China_1891.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Miao_enclave_in_China_1891.jpg/330px-Miao_enclave_in_China_1891.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Miao_enclave_in_China_1891.jpg/440px-Miao_enclave_in_China_1891.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1989" data-file-height="2409" /></a><figcaption>1891 map showing a "Lolo" enclave in modern Liangshan, Sichuan</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Long_Yun" title="Long Yun">Long Yun</a>, a Yi, was the military governor of <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> rule on mainland China. </p><p>The Fourth Front Army of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">CCP</a> encountered the Yi people during the <a href="/wiki/Long_March" title="Long March">Long March</a> and many Yi joined the communist forces.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the establishment of the PRC, several Yi autonomous administrative districts of prefecture or county level were set up in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou. With the development of automotive traffic and telecommunications, the communications among different Yi areas have been increasing sharply. </p><p>Yi people face systematic discrimination and abuse as migrant laborers in contemporary China.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yi_polities_throughout_history">Yi polities throughout history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Yi polities throughout history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuanman" title="Cuanman">Cuanmans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27ege_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'ege Kingdom">Mu'ege Kingdom</a> (circa 300–1279), afterwards known as the Chiefdom of Shuixi from 1279 to 1698</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanzhao" title="Nanzhao">Nanzhao</a> Empire (738–937)</li> <li>Luodian Kingdom (羅甸國) of the Bole clan in present-day <a href="/wiki/Luodian_County" title="Luodian County">Luodian County</a>, Yunnan</li> <li>Badedian Kingdom of the Mangbu Azhe clan in present-day <a href="/wiki/Zhenxiong" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhenxiong">Zhenxiong</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Luogui Kingdom (羅鬼國) (10th century–1278) in <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziqi_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziqi Kingdom">Ziqi Kingdom</a> (Yushi) (自杞國) (1100–1260) of the Awangren clan in present-day <a href="/wiki/Xingyi,_Guizhou" title="Xingyi, Guizhou">Xingyi, Guizhou</a></li> <li>Kingdom of Shu (1621–1629), a short-lived state during the <a href="/wiki/She-An_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="She-An Rebellion">She-An Rebellion</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manuscripts_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03972.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Manuscripts_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03972.JPG/220px-Manuscripts_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03972.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Manuscripts_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03972.JPG/330px-Manuscripts_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03972.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Manuscripts_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03972.JPG/440px-Manuscripts_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03972.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>A religious document in ancient <a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">Yi script</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yi_words_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Yi_words_sign.jpg/220px-Yi_words_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Yi_words_sign.jpg/330px-Yi_words_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Yi_words_sign.jpg/440px-Yi_words_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="1340" /></a><figcaption>Signpost in modern Yi</figcaption></figure> <p>The Chinese government recognizes six <a href="/wiki/Mutual_intelligibility" title="Mutual intelligibility">mutually unintelligible</a> Yi languages, from various branches of the <a href="/wiki/Loloish_languages" title="Loloish languages">Loloish family</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Yi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Yi language">Northern Yi</a> (Nuosu 诺苏)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Yi language">Western Yi</a> (Lalo 腊罗)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Yi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Yi language">Central Yi</a> (Lolopo 倮倮泼)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Yi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Yi language">Southern Yi</a> (Nisu 尼苏)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Yi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern Yi language">Southeastern Yi</a> (Sani 撒尼)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasu_language" title="Nasu language">Eastern Yi</a> (Nasu 纳苏)</li></ul> <p>Northern Yi is the largest with some two million speakers and is the basis of the literary language. It is an <a href="/wiki/Analytic_language" title="Analytic language">analytic language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nsgra_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsgra-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also ethnically Yi languages of Vietnam which use the <a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">Yi script</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Mantsi_language" title="Mantsi language">Mantsi</a>. </p><p>Many Yi in <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, Guizhou and Guangxi know <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Code-switching" title="Code-switching">code-switching</a> between Yi and Chinese is common. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Script">Script</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Script"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">Yi script</a> was originally <a href="/wiki/Logosyllabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Logosyllabic">logosyllabic</a> like <a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese</a> and dates to at least the 13th century, but seems to be completely independent of any other known script. Until the early 20th century, usage of this script was primarily the domain of <a href="/wiki/Bimoism" title="Bimoism"><i>bimo</i> priests</a> for transmitting ritual texts from generation to generation. It was not until the mid-twentieth century that elite families in <a href="/wiki/Liangshan_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Liangshan</a> began to use the script for non-religious purposes, such as letter writing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrell2001100_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrell2001100-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were perhaps 10,000 characters, many of which were regional, since the script had never been standardized across the Yi peoples. A number of works of history, literature and medicine, as well as genealogies of the ruling families, written in the Old Yi script are still in use and there are Old Yi stone tablets and steles in the area. </p><p>An attempt to <a href="/wiki/Romanize" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanize">romanize</a> the script was made in the 1950s but it failed to gain traction. In the 1970s and 1980s, the traditional script was standardized into a <a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">syllabary</a>. Syllabic Yi is widely used in books, newspapers, street signs, and education, although with increasing influence from Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrell2001101_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrell2001101-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yi_woman_in_traditional_dressing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Yi_woman_in_traditional_dressing.jpg/220px-Yi_woman_in_traditional_dressing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Yi_woman_in_traditional_dressing.jpg/330px-Yi_woman_in_traditional_dressing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Yi_woman_in_traditional_dressing.jpg/440px-Yi_woman_in_traditional_dressing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>A Yi woman in traditional dress</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armor,_Yi_people,_Sichuan_province,_China,_painted_hide,_wood,_leather_-_Peabody_Museum,_Harvard_University_-_DSC06035.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Armor%2C_Yi_people%2C_Sichuan_province%2C_China%2C_painted_hide%2C_wood%2C_leather_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC06035.jpg/200px-Armor%2C_Yi_people%2C_Sichuan_province%2C_China%2C_painted_hide%2C_wood%2C_leather_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC06035.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Armor%2C_Yi_people%2C_Sichuan_province%2C_China%2C_painted_hide%2C_wood%2C_leather_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC06035.jpg/300px-Armor%2C_Yi_people%2C_Sichuan_province%2C_China%2C_painted_hide%2C_wood%2C_leather_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC06035.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Armor%2C_Yi_people%2C_Sichuan_province%2C_China%2C_painted_hide%2C_wood%2C_leather_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC06035.jpg/400px-Armor%2C_Yi_people%2C_Sichuan_province%2C_China%2C_painted_hide%2C_wood%2C_leather_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC06035.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a><figcaption>Armor of Yi people, Qing dynasty</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gender">Gender</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Gender"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Descent and inheritance in Yi society was traditionally patrilineal and men were generally considered superior to women. Men practiced polygamy and <a href="/wiki/Levirate" class="mw-redirect" title="Levirate">levirate</a> marriage. Women were excluded from oral genealogies.<sup id="cite_ref-marriage_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marriage-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In certain locales, Yi women still lag behind men in terms of primary education and very few Yi women become educational instructors or political leaders. Yi women noticeably drank and smoked more than Han Chinese women.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrell200199_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrell200199-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Names">Names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Yi use a son-father <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> naming system. The last character of the father's name transfers to become the first character of the son's name. The last character of the son's name is then used as the first character of the grandson's name. A complete Yi name is composed of the clan name, the branch clan name, the father's name, and the person's own name (ex. Aho Bbujji Jjiha Lomusse). Aho is the name of a tribe, Bbuji is the name of a clan, Jjiha is the father's name, and Lomusse is a personal name. The name therefore means Lomusse the son of Jjiha of the Bbujji clan of the Aho tribe. Within the clan he would just be called Lomusse and within the tribe he would be called Jjiha Lomusse. Yi names use the suffixes -<i>sse</i> and -<i>mo</i> to express maleness and femaleness respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-perspectives_2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perspectives_2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This system can also be seen in the names of Nanzhao's rulers:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd200315_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELloyd200315-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Xinuluo</li> <li>Luosheng</li> <li>Shengluopi</li> <li>Piluoge</li> <li>Geluofeng</li> <li>Fengjiayi</li> <li>Yimouxun</li> <li>Xungequan</li> <li><i>Quanfengyou</i> – sought to imitate Chinese practices and only went by Fengyou; broke tradition and named his son Shilong<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryson201570_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryson201570-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Shilong</li> <li>Longshun</li> <li>Shunhuazhen</li></ul> <p>This is a tradition closely tied to Tibeto-Burman traditions and suggests that the rulers of Nanzhao were not Tai people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd200315_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELloyd200315-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slavery">Slavery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Slavery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditional Yi society was divided into four castes, the aristocratic <i>nuohuo</i>/<i>nzymo</i> Black Yi, the commoner <i>qunuo</i>/<i>quho</i> White Yi, the <i>ajia</i>/<i>mgajie</i>, and the <i>xiaxi</i>/<i>gaxy</i>. The Black Yi made up around 7 per cent of the population while the White Yi made up 50 per cent of the population. The two castes did not intermarry and the Black Yi were always considered of higher status than the White Yi, even if the White Yi was wealthier or owned more slaves. The White and Black Yi also lived in separate villages. The Black Yi did not farm, which was traditionally done by White Yi and slaves. Black Yi were responsible only for administration and military activities. The White Yi were not technically slaves but lived as indentured servants to the Black Yi. The Ajia made up 33 per cent of the population. They were owned by both the Black and White Yi and worked as indentured laborers lower than the White Yi. The Xiaxi were the lowest caste. They were slaves who lived with their owners' livestock and had no rights. They could be beaten, sold, and killed for sport. Membership of all four castes was through patrilineal descent.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prevalence of the slave culture was so great that sometimes children were named after how many slaves they owned. For example: Lurbbu (many slaves), Lurda (strong slaves), Lurshy (commander of slaves), Lurnji (origin of slaves), Lurpo (slave lord), Lurha, (hundred slaves), Jjinu (lots of slaves).<sup id="cite_ref-perspectives_2_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perspectives_2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cases of the caste slavery system's influence could be found as late as the 1980s and early 1990s, when <i>nuohuo</i> clans prevented marriage with <i>qunuo</i> or punished members who did.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrell200194_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrell200194-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I once asked a <i>nuoho</i> friend, a highly educated man completely at home in the Chinese scholarly world, what he would do if his daughter, then about fourteen, were to want to marry a <i>quho</i>. He said he would oppose it. I asked him if this were not an old-fashioned attitude. He admitted that it was, but gave two explanations. First, he said, he just wouldn't feel right inside. More important, other <i>nuoho</i> might boycott his family for marrying out, and they would thenceforth have trouble marrying within the <i>nuoho</i> caste. This had happened to some of his affinal relatives in another county.<br /> It is important to point out at the same time, however, that caste stratification in Liangshan has never, as far as I can tell, included notions of pollution or automatic deference, which are so important in the Indian caste system. In areas where there are both <i>nuoho</i> and <i>quho</i>, they socialize freely with one another, eating at each other's houses and often becoming close friends. None of this, however, breaks down the marriage barrier; only among highly educated urbanites is intermarriage ever considered, and then it is usually decided against; most <i>nuoho</i> would rather have their daughters marry a Hxiemga (Han Chinese) than a <i>quho</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrell200194-95_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrell200194-95-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Stevan Harrell</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folklore">Folklore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Folklore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most famous hero in Yi mythology is Zhyge Alu. He was the son of a dragon and an eagle who possessed supernatural strength, anti-magic, and anti-ghost powers. He rode a nine-winged flying horse called "long heavenly wings." He also had the help of a magical peacock and python. The magical peacock was called Shuotnyie Voplie and could deafen the ears of those who heard its cry, but if invited into one's house, would consume evil and expel leprosy. The python, called Bbahxa Ayuosse, was defeated by Zhyge Alu, who wrestled with it in the ocean after transforming into a dragon. It was said to be able to detect leprosy, cure tuberculosis, and eradicate epidemics. Like the Chinese mythological archer, <a href="/wiki/Hou_Yi" title="Hou Yi">Hou Yi</a>, Zhyge Alu shoots down the suns to save the people.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Yi religion <a href="/wiki/Bimoism" title="Bimoism">Bimoism</a>, Zhyge Alu aids the bimo priests in curing leprosy and fighting ghosts.<sup id="cite_ref-mythology_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mythology-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jiegujienuo was a ghost that caused dizziness, slowness in action, dementia and anxiety. The ghost was blamed for ailments and exorcism rituals were conducted to combat the ghost. The bimo erected small sticks considered to be sacred, the kiemobbur, at the ritual site in preparation.<sup id="cite_ref-mythology_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mythology-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Torch_Festival">Torch Festival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Torch Festival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Torch_Festival" title="Torch Festival">Torch Festival</a> is one of the Yi people's main holidays. According to Yi legend, there were once two men of great strength, Sireabi and Atilaba. Sireabi lived in heaven while Atilaba on earth. When Sireabi heard of Atilaba's strength, he challenged Atilaba to a wrestling match. After suffering two defeats, Sireabi was killed in a bout, which greatly angered the <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattava" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhisattava">bodhisattavas</a>, who sent a plague of locusts to punish the earth. On the 24th day of the 6th month of the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a>, Atilaba cut down many pine trees and used them as torches to kill the locusts, protecting the crops from destruction. The Torch Festival is thus held in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Yi play a number of traditional musical instruments, including large plucked and bowed string instruments,<sup id="cite_ref-yizuren_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yizuren-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as wind instruments called <i><a href="/wiki/Bawu" title="Bawu">bawu</a></i> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%B9%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:巴乌">巴乌</a>) and <i>mabu</i> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:马布">马布</a>). The Yi also play the hulu sheng, though unlike other minority groups in Yunnan, the Yi do not play the hulu sheng for courtship or love songs (aiqing). The kouxian, a small four-pronged instrument similar to the Jew's harp, is another commonly found instrument among the Liangshan Yi. Kouxian songs are most often improvised and are supposed to reflect the mood of the player or the surrounding environment. Kouxian songs can also occasionally function in the aiqing form. Yi dance is perhaps the most commonly recognized form of musical performance, as it is often performed during publicly sponsored holidays and/or festival events. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Artist <a href="/wiki/Colette_Fu" title="Colette Fu">Colette Fu</a>, great-granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Long_Yun" title="Long Yun">Long Yun</a> has spent time from 1996 till present photographing the Yi community in Yunnan Province. Her series of pop-up books, titled <i>We are Tiger Dragon People</i>, includes images of many Yi groups.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_00.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yi woman in traditional dress"><img alt="Yi woman in traditional dress" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_00.jpg/123px-00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_00.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_00.jpg/184px-00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_00.jpg/245px-00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1310" data-file-height="1921" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yi woman in traditional dress</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yi woman in traditional dress with a child"><img alt="Yi woman in traditional dress with a child" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_01.jpg/122px-00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_01.jpg/183px-00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_01.jpg/243px-00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1234" data-file-height="1824" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yi woman in traditional dress with a child</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yi woman in traditional dress"><img alt="Yi woman in traditional dress" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_03.jpg/122px-00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_03.jpg/183px-00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_03.jpg/243px-00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1234" data-file-height="1824" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yi woman in traditional dress</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yi man in traditional dress"><img alt="Yi man in traditional dress" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_04.jpg/119px-00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_04.jpg/179px-00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_04.jpg/238px-00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1485" data-file-height="2243" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yi man in traditional dress</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yi man in traditional dress"><img alt="Yi man in traditional dress" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_05.jpg/123px-00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_05.jpg/184px-00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_05.jpg/245px-00_Yi_minority_in_traditional_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1310" data-file-height="1921" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yi man in traditional dress</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F%E5%9C%9F%E5%B8%83%E9%95%B6%E8%BE%B9%E7%94%B7%E6%9C%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F%E5%9C%9F%E5%B8%83%E9%95%B6%E8%BE%B9%E7%94%B7%E6%9C%8D.jpg/220px-%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F%E5%9C%9F%E5%B8%83%E9%95%B6%E8%BE%B9%E7%94%B7%E6%9C%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="410" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F%E5%9C%9F%E5%B8%83%E9%95%B6%E8%BE%B9%E7%94%B7%E6%9C%8D.jpg/330px-%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F%E5%9C%9F%E5%B8%83%E9%95%B6%E8%BE%B9%E7%94%B7%E6%9C%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F%E5%9C%9F%E5%B8%83%E9%95%B6%E8%BE%B9%E7%94%B7%E6%9C%8D.jpg/440px-%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F%E5%9C%9F%E5%B8%83%E9%95%B6%E8%BE%B9%E7%94%B7%E6%9C%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1932" data-file-height="3600" /></a><figcaption>Yi clothing (male)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bimoism">Bimoism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bimoism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Bimoism" title="Bimoism">Bimoism</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bimoism&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yi_Bimoism_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Yi_Bimoism_symbol.svg/150px-Yi_Bimoism_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Yi_Bimoism_symbol.svg/225px-Yi_Bimoism_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Yi_Bimoism_symbol.svg/300px-Yi_Bimoism_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption>A symbol used to represent the Bimoist faith</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Bimoism" title="Bimoism">Bimoism</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bimoism_Pan_Jiao,_2010_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bimoism_Pan_Jiao,_2010-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">毕摩教</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Bìmójiào</span></i>, <a href="/wiki/Yi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yi language">Yi</a>: [ꀘꂾ] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |3= (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span> <i>bi mox</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religion" title="Indigenous religion">indigenous religion</a> of the Yi people, the largest ethnic group in <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a>. It takes its name from the <i>bimo</i>, <a href="/wiki/Shaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaman">shaman</a>-<a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priests</a> who are also masters of <a href="/wiki/Yi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yi language">Yi language</a> and scriptures, wearing distinctive black robes and large hats.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_religions">Other religions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Other religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Yi_people" title="Special:EditPage/Yi people">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, some of the Yi have adopted <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> as a result of exchanges with other predominantly Buddhist ethnic groups present in Yunnan, such as the <a href="/wiki/Dai_people" title="Dai people">Dai</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetans</a>. The most important god of Yi Buddhism is <a href="/wiki/Mahakala" title="Mahakala">Mahākāla</a>, a wrathful deity found in <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>. In the 20th century, many Yi people in China converted to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, after the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Gladstone_Porteous" title="Gladstone Porteous">Gladstone Porteous</a> in 1904 and, later, medical missionaries such as <a href="/wiki/Alfred_James_Broomhall" title="Alfred James Broomhall">Alfred James Broomhall</a>, Janet Broomhall, Ruth Dix and Joan Wales of the <a href="/wiki/OMF_International" title="OMF International">China Inland Mission</a>. According to missionary organization <a href="/wiki/OMF_International" title="OMF International">OMF International</a>, the exact number of Yi Christians is not known. In 1991 it was reported that there were as many as 1,500,000 Yi Christians in <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</a>, especially in Luquan County where there are more than 20 churches. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medicine">Medicine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Yi are known for the extent of their inter-generational transmission of traditional medicine through oral tradition and written records. Their traditional medicine system has been academically inventoried.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the prefecture the Yi medicinal data was collected from also contains the cave containing human-infectable SARS clades and it is known that people living in the vicinity SARS caves show serological signs of past infection,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has been suggested that the Yi were repeatably exposed to coronavirus over their history, passively learned to medicinally fend off coronavirus infection centuries ago, and committed the results into their inter-generational record of medicinal indications.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yi_autonomous_prefectures_and_counties_in_China.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Yi_autonomous_prefectures_and_counties_in_China.png/290px-Yi_autonomous_prefectures_and_counties_in_China.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Yi_autonomous_prefectures_and_counties_in_China.png/435px-Yi_autonomous_prefectures_and_counties_in_China.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Yi_autonomous_prefectures_and_counties_in_China.png/580px-Yi_autonomous_prefectures_and_counties_in_China.png 2x" data-file-width="2677" data-file-height="2183" /></a><figcaption>Yi autonomous prefectures and counties in China</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Yi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ethnic_Yi.png/290px-Ethnic_Yi.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ethnic_Yi.png/435px-Ethnic_Yi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ethnic_Yi.png/580px-Ethnic_Yi.png 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="732" /></a><figcaption>Yi population by counties</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>County-level distribution of the Yi 2000 census in China.</dt></dl> <p>(Only includes counties or county-equivalents containing >1% of county population.) </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>County/city</b></th> <th><b>Yi %</b></th> <th><b>Yi population</b></th> <th><b>Total population</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Sichuan province</b></td> <td align="right">2.58</td> <td align="right">2,122,389</td> <td align="right">82,348,296 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Panzhihua city</b></i></td> <td align="right">10.11</td> <td align="right">110,326</td> <td align="right">1,091,657 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dong district</td> <td align="right">1.25</td> <td align="right">3,945</td> <td align="right">315,707 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xi district</td> <td align="right">1.84</td> <td align="right">3,148</td> <td align="right">170,862 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Renhe district</td> <td align="right">19.06</td> <td align="right">38,907</td> <td align="right">204,170 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Miyi county</td> <td align="right">13.21</td> <td align="right">27,381</td> <td align="right">207,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yanbian county</td> <td align="right">19.08</td> <td align="right">36,945</td> <td align="right">193,618 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Leshan city</b></i></td> <td align="right">3.53</td> <td align="right">117,355</td> <td align="right">3,324,139 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jinkouhe district</td> <td align="right">10.15</td> <td align="right">5,373</td> <td align="right">52,916 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ebian Yi autonomous county</td> <td align="right">30.65</td> <td align="right">43,269</td> <td align="right">141,166 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mabian Yi autonomous county</td> <td align="right">39.15</td> <td align="right">66,723</td> <td align="right">170,425 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pingshan county</td> <td align="right">2.00</td> <td align="right">5,004</td> <td align="right">250,620 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Yaan city</b></i></td> <td align="right">2.04</td> <td align="right">31,013</td> <td align="right">1,522,845 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hanyuan county</td> <td align="right">4.51</td> <td align="right">15,686</td> <td align="right">347,471 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shimian county</td> <td align="right">11.17</td> <td align="right">13,769</td> <td align="right">123,261 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Garze Tibetan autonomous prefecture</b></i></td> <td align="right">2.56</td> <td align="right">22,946</td> <td align="right">897,239 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luding county</td> <td align="right">4.40</td> <td align="right">3,424</td> <td align="right">77,855 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jiulong county</td> <td align="right">37.01</td> <td align="right">18,806</td> <td align="right">50,816 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture</b></i></td> <td align="right">44.43</td> <td align="right">1,813,683</td> <td align="right">4,081,697 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xichang city</td> <td align="right">16.48</td> <td align="right">101,369</td> <td align="right">615,212 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Muli Tibetan autonomous county</td> <td align="right">27.71</td> <td align="right">34,489</td> <td align="right">124,462 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yanyuan county</td> <td align="right">47.67</td> <td align="right">149,568</td> <td align="right">313,765 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dechang county</td> <td align="right">23.18</td> <td align="right">43,810</td> <td align="right">188,980 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Huili county</td> <td align="right">17.33</td> <td align="right">75,064</td> <td align="right">433,185 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Huidong county</td> <td align="right">6.91</td> <td align="right">24,279</td> <td align="right">351,310 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ningnan county</td> <td align="right">21.85</td> <td align="right">37,134</td> <td align="right">169,962 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Puge county</td> <td align="right">76.55</td> <td align="right">106,521</td> <td align="right">139,156 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Butuo county</td> <td align="right">95.44</td> <td align="right">132,285</td> <td align="right">138,604 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jinyang county</td> <td align="right">78.42</td> <td align="right">109,813</td> <td align="right">140,028 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhaojue county</td> <td align="right">96.75</td> <td align="right">200,951</td> <td align="right">207,712 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xide county</td> <td align="right">85.74</td> <td align="right">118,048</td> <td align="right">137,676 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mianning county</td> <td align="right">33.39</td> <td align="right">108,289</td> <td align="right">324,332 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yuexi county</td> <td align="right">72.54</td> <td align="right">172,505</td> <td align="right">237,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ganluo county</td> <td align="right">68.66</td> <td align="right">120,445</td> <td align="right">175,426 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Meigu county</td> <td align="right">97.81</td> <td align="right">172,356</td> <td align="right">176,214 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Leibo county</td> <td align="right">51.36</td> <td align="right">106,757</td> <td align="right">207,873 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Guizhou province</b></td> <td align="right">2.39</td> <td align="right">843,554</td> <td align="right">35,247,695 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Baiyun district</td> <td align="right">1.04</td> <td align="right">1,961</td> <td align="right">187,695 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qingzhen city</td> <td align="right">1.65</td> <td align="right">7,761</td> <td align="right">471,305 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Liupanshui city</b></i></td> <td align="right">9.56</td> <td align="right">262,308</td> <td align="right">2,744,085 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhongshan district</td> <td align="right">5.64</td> <td align="right">25,549</td> <td align="right">453,293 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liuzhi special district</td> <td align="right">11.32</td> <td align="right">61,319</td> <td align="right">541,762 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shuicheng county</td> <td align="right">11.70</td> <td align="right">79,339</td> <td align="right">678,228 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pan county</td> <td align="right">8.97</td> <td align="right">96,101</td> <td align="right">1,070,802 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Qianxi'nan Bouyei Miao autonomous prefecture</b></i></td> <td align="right">2.05</td> <td align="right">58,766</td> <td align="right">2,864,920 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xingyi city</td> <td align="right">2.02</td> <td align="right">14,521</td> <td align="right">719,605 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xingren county</td> <td align="right">2.44</td> <td align="right">10,372</td> <td align="right">425,091 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Puan county</td> <td align="right">2.66</td> <td align="right">6,905</td> <td align="right">259,881 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qinglong county</td> <td align="right">6.76</td> <td align="right">17,436</td> <td align="right">258,031 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anlong county</td> <td align="right">2.28</td> <td align="right">9,094</td> <td align="right">399,384 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Bijie prefecture</b></i></td> <td align="right">7.41</td> <td align="right">468,800</td> <td align="right">6,327,471 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bijie city</td> <td align="right">4.26</td> <td align="right">48,094</td> <td align="right">1,128,230 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dafang county</td> <td align="right">10.84</td> <td align="right">92,295</td> <td align="right">851,729 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qianxi county</td> <td align="right">8.67</td> <td align="right">60,420</td> <td align="right">697,075 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jinsha county</td> <td align="right">4.17</td> <td align="right">20,696</td> <td align="right">496,063 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhijin county</td> <td align="right">3.81</td> <td align="right">31,420</td> <td align="right">825,350 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nayong county</td> <td align="right">5.72</td> <td align="right">37,840</td> <td align="right">661,772 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Weining Yi Hui Miao autonomous county</td> <td align="right">9.06</td> <td align="right">95,629</td> <td align="right">1,056,009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hezhang county</td> <td align="right">13.48</td> <td align="right">82,406</td> <td align="right">611,243 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Yunnan province</b></td> <td align="right">11.11</td> <td align="right">4,705,658</td> <td align="right">42,360,089 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Kunming city</b></i></td> <td align="right">6.65</td> <td align="right">384,531</td> <td align="right">5,781,294 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wuhua district</td> <td align="right">2.56</td> <td align="right">10,580</td> <td align="right">413,420 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Panlong district</td> <td align="right">1.59</td> <td align="right">5,468</td> <td align="right">344,754 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guandu district</td> <td align="right">3.38</td> <td align="right">47,311</td> <td align="right">1,398,305 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xishan district</td> <td align="right">5.07</td> <td align="right">30,617</td> <td align="right">603,363 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dongchuan district</td> <td align="right">3.26</td> <td align="right">8,984</td> <td align="right">275,564 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chenggong county</td> <td align="right">1.22</td> <td align="right">2,202</td> <td align="right">180,685 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jinning county</td> <td align="right">7.64</td> <td align="right">20,443</td> <td align="right">267,739 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fumin county</td> <td align="right">7.44</td> <td align="right">10,422</td> <td align="right">140,046 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yiliang county</td> <td align="right">6.06</td> <td align="right">24,051</td> <td align="right">396,677 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shilin Yi autonomous county</td> <td align="right">32.49</td> <td align="right">72,779</td> <td align="right">223,978 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luquan Yi Miao autonomous county</td> <td align="right">22.45</td> <td align="right">96,388</td> <td align="right">429,355 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xundian Hui Yi autonomous county</td> <td align="right">8.91</td> <td align="right">42,934</td> <td align="right">481,721 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anning city</td> <td align="right">3.34</td> <td align="right">9,872</td> <td align="right">295,173 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Qujing city</b></i></td> <td align="right">3.85</td> <td align="right">210,351</td> <td align="right">5,466,089 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qilin district</td> <td align="right">2.16</td> <td align="right">14,041</td> <td align="right">648,956 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Malong county</td> <td align="right">3.41</td> <td align="right">6,326</td> <td align="right">185,766 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shizong county</td> <td align="right">6.21</td> <td align="right">21,718</td> <td align="right">349,770 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luoping county</td> <td align="right">6.44</td> <td align="right">33,159</td> <td align="right">515,211 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fuyuan county</td> <td align="right">7.16</td> <td align="right">47,076</td> <td align="right">657,474 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Huize county</td> <td align="right">2.00</td> <td align="right">16,910</td> <td align="right">844,485 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhanyi county</td> <td align="right">2.16</td> <td align="right">8,406</td> <td align="right">389,838 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xuanwei city</td> <td align="right">4.46</td> <td align="right">57,708</td> <td align="right">1,292,825 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Yuxi city</b></i></td> <td align="right">19.32</td> <td align="right">400,412</td> <td align="right">2,073,005 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hongta district</td> <td align="right">9.02</td> <td align="right">36,905</td> <td align="right">409,044 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jiangchuan county</td> <td align="right">5.48</td> <td align="right">14,087</td> <td align="right">257,078 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chengjiang county</td> <td align="right">1.82</td> <td align="right">2,726</td> <td align="right">149,748 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tonghai county</td> <td align="right">5.82</td> <td align="right">16,017</td> <td align="right">275,063 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Huaning county</td> <td align="right">21.29</td> <td align="right">41,844</td> <td align="right">196,519 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yimen county</td> <td align="right">26.75</td> <td align="right">45,362</td> <td align="right">169,581 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eshan Yi autonomous county</td> <td align="right">52.36</td> <td align="right">79,289</td> <td align="right">151,426 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xinping Yi Dai autonomous county</td> <td align="right">46.20</td> <td align="right">122,259</td> <td align="right">264,615 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yuanjiang Hani Yi Dai autonomous county</td> <td align="right">20.97</td> <td align="right">41,923</td> <td align="right">199,931 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Zhaotong prefecture</b></i></td> <td align="right">3.23</td> <td align="right">148,521</td> <td align="right">4,592,388 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhaotong city</td> <td align="right">2.58</td> <td align="right">18,758</td> <td align="right">727,959 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ludian county</td> <td align="right">2.51</td> <td align="right">8,686</td> <td align="right">345,740 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qiaojia county</td> <td align="right">2.86</td> <td align="right">13,183</td> <td align="right">461,034 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Daguan county</td> <td align="right">1.98</td> <td align="right">4,667</td> <td align="right">235,802 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yongshan county</td> <td align="right">4.72</td> <td align="right">17,130</td> <td align="right">362,943 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhenxiong county</td> <td align="right">5.78</td> <td align="right">63,463</td> <td align="right">1,097,093 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yiliang county</td> <td align="right">4.24</td> <td align="right">20,269</td> <td align="right">477,811 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Chuxiong Yi autonomous prefecture</b></i></td> <td align="right">26.31</td> <td align="right">668,937</td> <td align="right">2,542,530 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chuxiong city</td> <td align="right">19.05</td> <td align="right">95,959</td> <td align="right">503,682 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shuangbai county</td> <td align="right">43.10</td> <td align="right">66,110</td> <td align="right">153,403 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mouding county</td> <td align="right">22.03</td> <td align="right">43,032</td> <td align="right">195,322 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nanhua county</td> <td align="right">36.07</td> <td align="right">82,223</td> <td align="right">227,970 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yaoan county</td> <td align="right">25.38</td> <td align="right">50,526</td> <td align="right">199,071 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dayao county</td> <td align="right">29.52</td> <td align="right">82,620</td> <td align="right">279,838 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yongren county</td> <td align="right">49.44</td> <td align="right">51,223</td> <td align="right">103,606 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yuanmou county</td> <td align="right">24.25</td> <td align="right">49,179</td> <td align="right">202,779 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wuding county</td> <td align="right">30.18</td> <td align="right">79,254</td> <td align="right">262,601 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lufeng county</td> <td align="right">16.61</td> <td align="right">68,811</td> <td align="right">414,258 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Honghe Hani Yi autonomous prefecture</b></i></td> <td align="right">23.57</td> <td align="right">973,732</td> <td align="right">4,130,463 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gejiu city</td> <td align="right">20.27</td> <td align="right">91,902</td> <td align="right">453,311 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kaiyuan city</td> <td align="right">33.09</td> <td align="right">96,647</td> <td align="right">292,039 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mengzi county</td> <td align="right">29.38</td> <td align="right">99,917</td> <td align="right">340,051 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pingbian Miao autonomous county</td> <td align="right">18.51</td> <td align="right">27,596</td> <td align="right">149,088 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jianshui county</td> <td align="right">29.02</td> <td align="right">149,071</td> <td align="right">513,712 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shiping county</td> <td align="right">53.67</td> <td align="right">148,987</td> <td align="right">277,580 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mile county</td> <td align="right">30.92</td> <td align="right">153,235</td> <td align="right">495,642 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luxi county</td> <td align="right">7.99</td> <td align="right">29,202</td> <td align="right">365,585 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yuanyang county</td> <td align="right">24.01</td> <td align="right">87,137</td> <td align="right">362,950 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Honghe county</td> <td align="right">14.23</td> <td align="right">38,086</td> <td align="right">267,627 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jinping Miao Yao Dai autonomous county</td> <td align="right">11.97</td> <td align="right">37,837</td> <td align="right">316,171 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lüchun county</td> <td align="right">4.92</td> <td align="right">9,894</td> <td align="right">201,256 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hekou Yao autonomous county</td> <td align="right">4.42</td> <td align="right">4,221</td> <td align="right">95,451 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Wenshan Zhuang Miao autonomous prefecture</b></i></td> <td align="right">10.62</td> <td align="right">347,194</td> <td align="right">3,268,553 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wenshan county</td> <td align="right">17.28</td> <td align="right">74,255</td> <td align="right">429,639 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yanshan county</td> <td align="right">21.11</td> <td align="right">92,356</td> <td align="right">437,508 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xichou county</td> <td align="right">3.95</td> <td align="right">9,332</td> <td align="right">236,120 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Malipo county</td> <td align="right">2.25</td> <td align="right">6,036</td> <td align="right">267,986 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maguan county</td> <td align="right">9.16</td> <td align="right">32,056</td> <td align="right">350,002 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qiubei county</td> <td align="right">18.05</td> <td align="right">78,327</td> <td align="right">434,009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guangnan county</td> <td align="right">5.84</td> <td align="right">42,675</td> <td align="right">730,376 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Funing county</td> <td align="right">3.17</td> <td align="right">12,157</td> <td align="right">382,913 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Pu'er city</b></i></td> <td align="right">16.58</td> <td align="right">411,120</td> <td align="right">2,480,346 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Simao district</td> <td align="right">15.12</td> <td align="right">34,904</td> <td align="right">230,834 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ning'er Hani Yi autonomous county</td> <td align="right">19.45</td> <td align="right">36,589</td> <td align="right">188,106 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mojiang Hani autonomous county</td> <td align="right">9.23</td> <td align="right">32,812</td> <td align="right">355,364 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jingdong Yi autonomous county</td> <td align="right">39.92</td> <td align="right">140,556</td> <td align="right">352,089 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jinggu Dai Yi autonomous county</td> <td align="right">20.59</td> <td align="right">59,476</td> <td align="right">288,794 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhenyuan Yi Hani Lahu autonomous county</td> <td align="right">27.28</td> <td align="right">56,119</td> <td align="right">205,709 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jiangcheng Hani Yi autonomous county</td> <td align="right">13.47</td> <td align="right">13,503</td> <td align="right">100,243 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Menglian Dai Lahu Va autonomous county</td> <td align="right">2.40</td> <td align="right">4,999</td> <td align="right">208,593 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lancang Lahu autonomous county</td> <td align="right">6.74</td> <td align="right">31,255</td> <td align="right">464,016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ximeng Va autonomous county</td> <td align="right">1.05</td> <td align="right">907</td> <td align="right">86,598 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Xishuangbanna Dai autonomous prefecture</b></i></td> <td align="right">5.61</td> <td align="right">55,772</td> <td align="right">993,397 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jinghong city</td> <td align="right">5.56</td> <td align="right">24,673</td> <td align="right">443,672 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Menghai county</td> <td align="right">2.28</td> <td align="right">7,175</td> <td align="right">314,068 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mengla county</td> <td align="right">10.15</td> <td align="right">23,924</td> <td align="right">235,657 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Dali Bai autonomous prefecture</b></i></td> <td align="right">12.94</td> <td align="right">426,634</td> <td align="right">3,296,552 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dali city</td> <td align="right">2.95</td> <td align="right">15,385</td> <td align="right">521,169 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yangbi Yi autonomous county</td> <td align="right">46.09</td> <td align="right">48,565</td> <td align="right">105,380 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xiangyun county</td> <td align="right">7.26</td> <td align="right">31,733</td> <td align="right">437,371 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Binchuan county</td> <td align="right">6.27</td> <td align="right">20,332</td> <td align="right">324,412 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Midu county</td> <td align="right">8.35</td> <td align="right">24,791</td> <td align="right">296,860 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nanjian Yi autonomous county</td> <td align="right">47.24</td> <td align="right">99,159</td> <td align="right">209,887 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Weishan Yi Hui autonomous county</td> <td align="right">34.07</td> <td align="right">100,879</td> <td align="right">296,124 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yongping county</td> <td align="right">26.56</td> <td align="right">47,391</td> <td align="right">178,438 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yunlong county</td> <td align="right">5.45</td> <td align="right">10,739</td> <td align="right">196,978 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eryuan county</td> <td align="right">3.00</td> <td align="right">9,443</td> <td align="right">315,003 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jianchuan county</td> <td align="right">2.88</td> <td align="right">4,771</td> <td align="right">165,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Heqing county</td> <td align="right">5.40</td> <td align="right">13,446</td> <td align="right">249,030 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Baoshan prefecture</b></i></td> <td align="right">3.23</td> <td align="right">75,877</td> <td align="right">2,348,315 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Baoshan city</td> <td align="right">4.61</td> <td align="right">39,025</td> <td align="right">846,865 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shidian county</td> <td align="right">3.62</td> <td align="right">11,360</td> <td align="right">314,187 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Longling county</td> <td align="right">1.83</td> <td align="right">4,758</td> <td align="right">260,097 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Changning county</td> <td align="right">6.04</td> <td align="right">20,123</td> <td align="right">333,241 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Lijiang prefecture</b></i></td> <td align="right">18.68</td> <td align="right">210,431</td> <td align="right">1,126,646 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lijiang Naxi autonomous county</td> <td align="right">2.42</td> <td align="right">8,871</td> <td align="right">366,705 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yongsheng county</td> <td align="right">12.43</td> <td align="right">46,703</td> <td align="right">375,769 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Huaping county</td> <td align="right">8.26</td> <td align="right">12,808</td> <td align="right">154,968 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ninglang Yi autonomous county</td> <td align="right">61.97</td> <td align="right">142,049</td> <td align="right">229,204 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Nujiang Lisu autonomous prefecture</b></i></td> <td align="right">1.99</td> <td align="right">9,805</td> <td align="right">491,824 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lushui county</td> <td align="right">2.28</td> <td align="right">3,915</td> <td align="right">171,974 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lanping Bai Pumi autonomous county</td> <td align="right">2.91</td> <td align="right">5,727</td> <td align="right">196,977 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Diqing Tibetan autonomous prefecture</b></i></td> <td align="right">3.29</td> <td align="right">11,616</td> <td align="right">353,518 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhongdian county</td> <td align="right">6.50</td> <td align="right">9,586</td> <td align="right">147,416 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Weixi Lisu autonomous county</td> <td align="right">1.38</td> <td align="right">2,016</td> <td align="right">146,017 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Lincang prefecture</b></i></td> <td align="right">15.77</td> <td align="right">367,880</td> <td align="right">2,332,570 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lincang county</td> <td align="right">5.43</td> <td align="right">15,478</td> <td align="right">285,163 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fengqing county</td> <td align="right">27.61</td> <td align="right">117,883</td> <td align="right">426,943 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yun county</td> <td align="right">37.96</td> <td align="right">158,099</td> <td align="right">416,507 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yongde county</td> <td align="right">8.68</td> <td align="right">29,521</td> <td align="right">339,918 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zhenkang county</td> <td align="right">17.19</td> <td align="right">31,334</td> <td align="right">182,258 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shuangjiang Lahu Va Blang Dai autonomous county</td> <td align="right">1.57</td> <td align="right">2,605</td> <td align="right">165,982 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gengma Dai Va autonomous county</td> <td align="right">3.57</td> <td align="right">11,193</td> <td align="right">313,220 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Longlin autonomous county (Guangxi)</td> <td align="right">1.03</td> <td align="right">3,563</td> <td align="right">347,462 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hailai_Ahmu" title="Hailai Ahmu">Hailai Ahmu</a> (1993–), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Jie" title="He Jie">He Jie</a> (1986–), singer</li> <li>Wu Jinghua (1931-2007), former Communist Party secretary of <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Zhiyi" title="Long Zhiyi">Long Zhiyi</a> (1929-2021), former chairman of the Guizhou Provincial Committee of the <a href="/wiki/CPPCC" class="mw-redirect" title="CPPCC">CPPCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chong_(politician)" title="Zhang Chong (politician)">Zhang Chong</a> (1900-1980), former vice chairman of the <a href="/wiki/CPPCC" class="mw-redirect" title="CPPCC">CPPCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Liyin" title="Zhang Liyin">Zhang Liyin</a> (1989–), singer</li> <li>Jike Junyi (1988–), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Yun" title="Long Yun">Long Yun</a> (1884–1962), governor and warlord of Yunnan Province</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Han_(general)" title="Lu Han (general)">Lu Han</a> (1895–1974), general and governor of Yunnan Province</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Likun" title="Yang Likun">Yang Likun</a> (1941–2000), actress</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yunnan_pos-Yi_girls_in_Lijiang.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yi girls in Lijiang (1989)"><img alt="Yi girls in Lijiang (1989)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Yunnan_pos-Yi_girls_in_Lijiang.jpg/120px-Yunnan_pos-Yi_girls_in_Lijiang.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Yunnan_pos-Yi_girls_in_Lijiang.jpg/180px-Yunnan_pos-Yi_girls_in_Lijiang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Yunnan_pos-Yi_girls_in_Lijiang.jpg/240px-Yunnan_pos-Yi_girls_in_Lijiang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1515" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yi girls in Lijiang (1989)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yi-Minority.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Yi people in Shilin County, Yunnan Province"><img alt="Yi people in Shilin County, Yunnan Province" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Yi-Minority.JPG/120px-Yi-Minority.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Yi-Minority.JPG/180px-Yi-Minority.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Yi-Minority.JPG/240px-Yi-Minority.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3328" data-file-height="1872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yi people in <a href="/wiki/Shilin_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Shilin County">Shilin County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Yi_Costume_Butuo_Sichuan_China.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yi woman, Butuo County, Sichuan Province"><img alt="Yi woman, Butuo County, Sichuan Province" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ethnic_Yi_Costume_Butuo_Sichuan_China.jpg/80px-Ethnic_Yi_Costume_Butuo_Sichuan_China.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ethnic_Yi_Costume_Butuo_Sichuan_China.jpg/120px-Ethnic_Yi_Costume_Butuo_Sichuan_China.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ethnic_Yi_Costume_Butuo_Sichuan_China.jpg/160px-Ethnic_Yi_Costume_Butuo_Sichuan_China.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yi woman, <a href="/wiki/Butuo_County" title="Butuo County">Butuo County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan Province</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hua-Yao-Yi_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Huayao Yi women, Shiping County, Yunan Province"><img alt="Huayao Yi women, Shiping County, Yunan Province" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hua-Yao-Yi_1.JPG/120px-Hua-Yao-Yi_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hua-Yao-Yi_1.JPG/180px-Hua-Yao-Yi_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hua-Yao-Yi_1.JPG/240px-Hua-Yao-Yi_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2260" data-file-height="1516" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huayao Yi women, <a href="/wiki/Shiping_County" title="Shiping County">Shiping County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunan Province</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manuscripts_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03982.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A family tree document in Yi script"><img alt="A family tree document in Yi script" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Manuscripts_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03982.JPG/120px-Manuscripts_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03982.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Manuscripts_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03982.JPG/180px-Manuscripts_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03982.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Manuscripts_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03982.JPG/240px-Manuscripts_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03982.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A family tree document in <a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">Yi script</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bracelet_-_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC04193.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A Yi bracelet, Central Yunnan"><img alt="A Yi bracelet, Central Yunnan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Bracelet_-_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC04193.JPG/120px-Bracelet_-_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC04193.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Bracelet_-_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC04193.JPG/180px-Bracelet_-_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC04193.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Bracelet_-_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC04193.JPG/240px-Bracelet_-_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC04193.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Yi bracelet, Central <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Musical_instruments_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03892.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Yi musical instrument: bamboo harmonica"><img alt="Yi musical instrument: bamboo harmonica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Musical_instruments_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03892.JPG/90px-Musical_instruments_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03892.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Musical_instruments_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03892.JPG/135px-Musical_instruments_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03892.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Musical_instruments_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03892.JPG/180px-Musical_instruments_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03892.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yi musical instrument: bamboo harmonica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Musical_instruments_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03865.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Yi musical instrument: three-strings"><img alt="Yi musical instrument: three-strings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Musical_instruments_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03865.JPG/90px-Musical_instruments_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03865.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Musical_instruments_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03865.JPG/135px-Musical_instruments_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03865.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Musical_instruments_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03865.JPG/180px-Musical_instruments_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03865.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yi musical instrument: three-strings</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yi_musical_instrument_(yueqin)_-_Yunnan_Provincial_Museum-_DSC02056.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Yi musical instrument: phambe"><img alt="Yi musical instrument: phambe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Yi_musical_instrument_%28yueqin%29_-_Yunnan_Provincial_Museum-_DSC02056.JPG/90px-Yi_musical_instrument_%28yueqin%29_-_Yunnan_Provincial_Museum-_DSC02056.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Yi_musical_instrument_%28yueqin%29_-_Yunnan_Provincial_Museum-_DSC02056.JPG/135px-Yi_musical_instrument_%28yueqin%29_-_Yunnan_Provincial_Museum-_DSC02056.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Yi_musical_instrument_%28yueqin%29_-_Yunnan_Provincial_Museum-_DSC02056.JPG/180px-Yi_musical_instrument_%28yueqin%29_-_Yunnan_Provincial_Museum-_DSC02056.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yi musical instrument: phambe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Torch_Festival_in_Eshan_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fire Festival, Eshan County"><img alt="Fire Festival, Eshan County" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Torch_Festival_in_Eshan_01.jpg/120px-Torch_Festival_in_Eshan_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Torch_Festival_in_Eshan_01.jpg/180px-Torch_Festival_in_Eshan_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Torch_Festival_in_Eshan_01.jpg/240px-Torch_Festival_in_Eshan_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3954" data-file-height="2430" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fire Festival, <a href="/wiki/Eshan_Yi_Autonomous_County" title="Eshan Yi Autonomous County">Eshan County</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnography_of_the_Lolo_and_Miaotzu_tribes_of_Szechuan_(i.e.,_Kweichow)_Province_(1910)_(14780854764).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yi warrior, 1910"><img alt="Yi warrior, 1910" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Ethnography_of_the_Lolo_and_Miaotzu_tribes_of_Szechuan_%28i.e.%2C_Kweichow%29_Province_%281910%29_%2814780854764%29.jpg/73px-Ethnography_of_the_Lolo_and_Miaotzu_tribes_of_Szechuan_%28i.e.%2C_Kweichow%29_Province_%281910%29_%2814780854764%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Ethnography_of_the_Lolo_and_Miaotzu_tribes_of_Szechuan_%28i.e.%2C_Kweichow%29_Province_%281910%29_%2814780854764%29.jpg/109px-Ethnography_of_the_Lolo_and_Miaotzu_tribes_of_Szechuan_%28i.e.%2C_Kweichow%29_Province_%281910%29_%2814780854764%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Ethnography_of_the_Lolo_and_Miaotzu_tribes_of_Szechuan_%28i.e.%2C_Kweichow%29_Province_%281910%29_%2814780854764%29.jpg/146px-Ethnography_of_the_Lolo_and_Miaotzu_tribes_of_Szechuan_%28i.e.%2C_Kweichow%29_Province_%281910%29_%2814780854764%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2221" data-file-height="3652" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yi warrior, 1910</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torch_Festival" title="Torch Festival">Torch Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangshan_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghe_Hani_and_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_people" title="Hani people">Hani people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_people" title="Bai people">Bai people</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yiminaspis" title="Yiminaspis">Yiminaspis</a></i>, a prehistoric fish named in honor of the Yi.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Not_Being_Governed" title="The Art of Not Being Governed">The Art of Not Being Governed</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Census2019-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census2019_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YK6iY-j0AfZTuip28Py2Gmz5P8zw04Rn/view?usp=sharing">"Report on Results of the 2019 Census"</a>. General Statistics Office of Vietnam<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+on+Results+of+the+2019+Census&rft.pub=General+Statistics+Office+of+Vietnam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F1YK6iY-j0AfZTuip28Py2Gmz5P8zw04Rn%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dsharing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-china.org.cn-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-china.org.cn_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/e-groups/shaoshu/shao-2-yi.htm">"Ethnic Groups – china.org.cn"</a>. <i>China.org.cn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China.org.cn&rft.atitle=Ethnic+Groups+%E2%80%93+china.org.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.org.cn%2Fe-groups%2Fshaoshu%2Fshao-2-yi.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some scholars, however, argue that the Nuosu-series appellations are from the word "black" instead (<span title="Yi-language text"><span lang="ii">ꆈ</span></span>, <i>Nuo</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stedt.berkeley.edu/~stedt-cgi/rootcanal.pl/etymon/5560">#5560 PTB *k-la TIGER</a> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stedt.berkeley.edu/~stedt-cgi/rootcanal.pl">Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ramsey, Robert S. (1987). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2E_5nR0SoXoC">The Languages of China</a></i>, p. 160. Princeton University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benedict, Paul K. (1987). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/benedict1987autonyms.pdf">Autonyms: ought or ought not</a>." <i>Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area</i> 10: 188. Italics in original.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-perspectives_1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-perspectives_1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perspectives_1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=kt896nd0h7&chunk.id=pt01&toc.depth=1&toc.id=pt01&brand=ucpress/">"Perspectives on the Yi of Southwest China"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perspectives+on+the+Yi+of+Southwest+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublishing.cdlib.org%2Fucpressebooks%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dkt896nd0h7%26chunk.id%3Dpt01%26toc.depth%3D1%26toc.id%3Dpt01%26brand%3Ducpress%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECosmo2003248-249-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECosmo2003248-249_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECosmo2003248-249_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCosmo2003">Cosmo 2003</a>, p. 248-249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECosmo2003249-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECosmo2003249_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCosmo2003">Cosmo 2003</a>, p. 249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCummingsStorey1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Cummings_(travel_writer)" title="Joe Cummings (travel writer)">Cummings, Joe</a>; Storey, Robert (1991). <i>China</i> (3rd ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 705. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86442-123-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-86442-123-0"><bdi>0-86442-123-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China&rft.pages=705&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-86442-123-0&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.au=Storey%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC._X._George_Wei2002" class="citation book cs1">C. X. George Wei (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qz3vdkxBt4AC&pg=PA195"><i>Exploring nationalisms of China: themes and conflicts</i></a>. Indiana University: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-31512-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-31512-4"><bdi>0-313-31512-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exploring+nationalisms+of+China%3A+themes+and+conflicts&rft.place=Indiana+University&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-313-31512-4&rft.au=C.+X.+George+Wei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqz3vdkxBt4AC%26pg%3DPA195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckwith198765-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckwith198765_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckwith198765_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeckwith1987">Beckwith 1987</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Faded-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Faded_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Faded_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Faded_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@diantnam/the-faded-buddhist-country-a-brief-history-of-ancient-yunnan-constitution-f2bd5c9f52c7">"The Faded Buddhist Country: A Brief History of Ancient Yunnan Constitution"</a>. 19 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Faded+Buddhist+Country%3A+A+Brief+History+of+Ancient+Yunnan+Constitution&rft.date=2018-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F%40diantnam%2Fthe-faded-buddhist-country-a-brief-history-of-ancient-yunnan-constitution-f2bd5c9f52c7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhouYou2017" class="citation book cs1">Zhou, Zhenhe; You, Rujie (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o142DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA187"><i>Chinese Dialects and Culture</i></a>. American Academic Press. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781631818844" title="Special:BookSources/9781631818844"><bdi>9781631818844</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Dialects+and+Culture&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=American+Academic+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781631818844&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=Zhenhe&rft.au=You%2C+Rujie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do142DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-knowledge-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-knowledge_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Altera/nanzhao.html">"Nanzhao 南詔 (www.chinaknowledge.de)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nanzhao+%E5%8D%97%E8%A9%94+%28www.chinaknowledge.de%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinaknowledge.de%2FHistory%2FAltera%2Fnanzhao.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackmore1960-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackmore1960_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlackmore1960">Blackmore 1960</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ulrich Theobald, <i>ChinaKnowledge.de: An Encyclopedia on Chinese History, Literature and Art</i>, s.v. "gaitu guiliu", <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/gaituguiliu.html">http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/gaituguiliu.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edgar, Snow. "Red Star Over China," 225. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1972.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.versobooks.com/books/1426-scattered-sand"><i>Scattered Sand: The Story of China's Rural Migrants</i></a>. Verso Books. June 2013. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781781680902" title="Special:BookSources/9781781680902"><bdi>9781781680902</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scattered+Sand%3A+The+Story+of+China%27s+Rural+Migrants&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft.date=2013-06&rft.isbn=9781781680902&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.versobooks.com%2Fbooks%2F1426-scattered-sand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerman2020" class="citation book cs1">Herman, John E. (2020). <i>Amid the Clouds and Mist: China's Colonization of Guizhou, 1200–1700</i>. Brill. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68417-463-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68417-463-8"><bdi>978-1-68417-463-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amid+the+Clouds+and+Mist%3A+China%27s+Colonization+of+Guizhou%2C+1200%E2%80%931700&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-68417-463-8&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_West_(linguist)" title="Andrew West (linguist)">Andrew West</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.babelstone.co.uk/Yi/language.html">The Yi People and Language</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nsgra-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nsgra_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF向晓红曹幼南2006" class="citation journal cs1">向晓红; 曹幼南 (2006). "英语和彝语的语法比较研究". <i>-西南民族大学学报(人文社科版)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3969%2Fj.issn.1004-3926.2006.08.014">10.3969/j.issn.1004-3926.2006.08.014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=-%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5%28%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E7%A4%BE%E7%A7%91%E7%89%88%29&rft.atitle=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%92%8C%E5%BD%9D%E8%AF%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3969%2Fj.issn.1004-3926.2006.08.014&rft.au=%E5%90%91%E6%99%93%E7%BA%A2&rft.au=%E6%9B%B9%E5%B9%BC%E5%8D%97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrell2001100-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrell2001100_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarrell2001">Harrell 2001</a>, p. 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrell2001101-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrell2001101_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarrell2001">Harrell 2001</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marriage-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-marriage_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=kt896nd0h7&chunk.id=ch04&toc.depth=1&toc.id=ch04&brand=ucpress/">"Perspectives on the Yi of Southwest China"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perspectives+on+the+Yi+of+Southwest+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublishing.cdlib.org%2Fucpressebooks%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dkt896nd0h7%26chunk.id%3Dch04%26toc.depth%3D1%26toc.id%3Dch04%26brand%3Ducpress%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrell200199-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrell200199_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarrell2001">Harrell 2001</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-perspectives_2-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-perspectives_2_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perspectives_2_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=kt896nd0h7&chunk.id=ch05&toc.depth=1&toc.id=ch05&brand=ucpress/">"Perspectives on the Yi of Southwest China"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perspectives+on+the+Yi+of+Southwest+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublishing.cdlib.org%2Fucpressebooks%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dkt896nd0h7%26chunk.id%3Dch05%26toc.depth%3D1%26toc.id%3Dch05%26brand%3Ducpress%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELloyd200315-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd200315_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd200315_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLloyd2003">Lloyd 2003</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryson201570-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryson201570_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryson2015">Bryson 2015</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Schoenhals <i>Intimate Exclusion: Race and Caste Turned Inside Out</i> 2003– Page 26 "A non-slave-owning Black Yi, or a poor one, was nonetheless always higher in caste status than any White Yi, even a wealthy one or one owning slaves, and the Black Yi manifested this superiority by refusing to marry White Yi even if the latter ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barbara A. West <i>Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania</i> 2009 – Page 910 "Yi society prior to the revolution in 1949 was divided into four ranked classes or castes: Nuohuo, or Black Yi; Qunuo, or White Yi; Ajia; and Xiaxi. The Nuohuo, or Black Yi, was the highest and smallest caste at just about 7 percent of the ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yongming Zhou Anti-Drug Crusades in Twentieth-Century – China: Nationalism, ... – 1999 – Page 150 "The black Yi (about 7 percent of the population) made up the aristocratic ruling class, and the white Yi held subordinate status. Within the white Yi, however, there were three subgroups: Qunuo, Anjia, and Jiaxi. Qunuo (about 50 percent of the ...")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Robert Ramsey <i>The Languages of China</i> 1987– Page 253 "The Black Yi looked down on farming, and all cultivation was traditionally done by White Yi and slaves. The Black Yi were responsible only for administration and military protection. Even so, however, they usually took great care to tend to their ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stevan Harrell <i>Perspectives on the Yi of Southwest China</i> 2001 – Page 174 "One village is for Black Yi, who speak Black Yi language. One village is for White Yi, who speak White Yi language. One place is for Red Yi, who speak Red Yi language. One village is for Gan Yi, who speak Gan Yi language. One village is for ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel H. 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(Dallas: <a href="/wiki/Wycliffe_USA" title="Wycliffe USA">Wycliffe Bible Translators</a>, 1988).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrell2001" class="citation cs2">Harrell, Stevan (2001), <i>Ways of Being Ethnic in Southwest China</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ways+of+Being+Ethnic+in+Southwest+China&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Harrell&rft.aufirst=Stevan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYi+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd2003" class="citation cs2">Lloyd, John C. (2003), <i>Toponyms of the Nanzhao periphery</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Toponyms+of+the+Nanzhao+periphery&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYi+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Cultural Encounters on China's Ethnic Frontiers. The History of the History of the Yi</i>. Edited by Stevan Harrell. (Seattle: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_Press" title="University of Washington Press">University of Washington Press</a>, 1995).</li> <li><i>Perspectives on the Yi of Southwest China</i>. Edited by Stevan Harrell. (Berkeley / Los Angeles / London: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>, 2001), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-21988-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-21988-0">0-520-21988-0</a>.</li> <li><i>China's Minority Nationalities</i>. Edited by Ma Yin. (Beijing: Foreign Language Press, 1994).</li> <li>Zhang Weiwen and Zeng Qingnan. <i>In Search of China's Minorities</i>. (Beijing: New World Press).</li> <li><i>Ritual for Expelling Ghosts: A religious Classic of the Yi nationality in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Taipei_Ricci_Institute" title="Taipei Ricci Institute">Taipei Ricci Institute</a>, Nov. 1998), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/957-9185-60-3" title="Special:BookSources/957-9185-60-3">957-9185-60-3</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Benoît Vermander. <i>L'enclos à moutons: un village nuosu du sud-ouest de la Chine</i>. Paris: Les Indes savantes (2007).</li> <li>Ollone, Henri d', vicomte (1912) <i>In Forbidden China: the d'Ollone mission, 1906–1909, China—Tibet—Mongolia</i>; translated from the French of the second edition by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Miall" title="Bernard Miall">Bernard Miall</a>. Chapters II-V & VII. London: T. Fisher Unwin.</li> <li>Pollard, S. (1921) <i>In Unknown China: Record of the Observations, Adventures and Experiences of a Pioneer Missionary During a Prolonged Sojourn Amongst the Wild and Unknown Nosu Tribe of Western China</i> London: Seeley Service and Co. Limited.</li> <li>Wang, Zhen. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environmentandsociety.org/perspectives/2018/2/out-mountains-changing-landscapes-rural-china">Out of the Mountains: Changing Landscapes in Rural China</a>," <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environmentandsociety.org/perspectives">RCC Perspectives: Transformations in Environment and Society</a></i> 2018, no. 2. doi.org/10.5282/rcc/8523.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_people&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yi_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Yi people">Yi people</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lolos" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lolos">Lolos</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li>China.org.cn. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/e-groups/shaoshu/shao-2-yi.htm">The Yi ethnic minority</a>".</li> <li>Yu-Hsiu Lu. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ACeFQlaYsPs">The Dishi septet</a> Traditional music and dance Documentation."</li> <li>Peoples.org. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070506221718/http://yi.peoples.org/">Yi Peoples of China</a>".</li> <li>Yizuren.com. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yizuren.com/article.asp?articleid=549">Huge string instruments of the Yi</a>".</li> <li>Vermander, B. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erenlai.com/index.php?aid=681&lan=3">The Yis of Liangshan Prefecture</a>".</li> <li>Vermander, B. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erenlai.com/index.php?aid=639&lan=3">Nuosu Religion: Rituals, Agents and Belief</a>".</li> <li>Ayi Bamo. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erenlai.com/index.php?aid=121&lan=3">The Bi-mox in The Liangshan Yi Society</a>."</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=kt896nd0h7;brand=ucpress">Perspectives on the Yi of Southwest China</a></i>. Edited by Stevan Harrell.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.360doc.com/content/12/0813/22/276037_230028707.shtml">Map share of ethnic by county of China</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rehahnphotographer.com/ethnic-minorities-in-vietnam/">The LoLo ethnic group in Vietnam</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Bai_people" title="Bai people">Bai</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuanqing_people" title="Chuanqing people">Chuanqing</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese_subgroups" title="Han Chinese subgroups">subgroups</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjia_people" title="Longjia people">Longjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxiang_people" title="Waxiang people">Waxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lolo-Burmese_languages" title="Lolo-Burmese languages">Lolo-Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Achang_people" title="Achang people">Achang</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akha_people" title="Akha people">Akha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisu_language" title="Bisu language">Bisu</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Hani_people" title="Hani people">Hani</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Jino_people" title="Jino people">Jino</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kucong" title="Kucong">Kucong</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lahu_people" title="Lahu people">Lahu</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laomian_language" title="Laomian language">Laomian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laopin_language" title="Laopin language">Laopin</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lisu_people" title="Lisu people">Lisu</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosuo" title="Mosuo">Mosuo</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nakhi_people" title="Nakhi people">Nakhi</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nu_people" title="Nu people">Nu</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixingmin_people" title="Qixingmin people">Qixingmin</a></li> <li><u><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yi</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baima_people" title="Baima people">Baima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyalrong_people" title="Gyalrong people">Gyalrong</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Pumi_people" title="Pumi people">Pumi</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Monpa_people" title="Monpa people">Monpa</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishmi_people" title="Mishmi people">Deng</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Derung_people" title="Derung people">Derung</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Jingpo_people" title="Jingpo people">Jingpo</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lhoba_people" title="Lhoba people">Lhoba</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Tujia_people" title="Tujia people">Tujia</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Blang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Blang people">Blang</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolyu" title="Bolyu">Bolyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_language" title="Hu language">Kunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmu_people" title="Khmu people">Khmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolyu_language" title="Bolyu language">Lai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mang people">Mang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugan_language" title="Bugan language">Pakan</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Palaung_people" title="Palaung people">Ta'ang</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Vietnamese</a>(<a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Jingzu</a>)</u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Wa_people" title="Wa people">Wa</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_China" title="Filipinos in China">Filipino</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese aborigines">Gaoshan</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utsuls" title="Utsuls">Utsuls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong-Mien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gejia_people" title="Gejia people">Gejia</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/She_people" title="She people">She</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Yao</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Bonan_people" title="Bonan people">Bonan</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Daur_people" title="Daur people">Daur</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Dongxiangs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongxiangs">Dongxiang</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamnigan" title="Hamnigan">Hamnigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangjia_language" title="Kangjia language">Kangjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatso" title="Khatso">Khatso</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">Mongols</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaga_Mongols" title="Abaga Mongols">Abaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaganar" title="Abaganar">Abaganar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aohans" title="Aohans">Aohans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baarins" title="Baarins">Baarins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryats" title="Buryats">Buryats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chahars" title="Chahars">Chahars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlos_Mongols" title="Gorlos Mongols">Gorlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaids" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalaids">Jalaids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaruud" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaruud">Jaruud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongols" title="Khalkha Mongols">Khalkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharchin_Mongols" title="Kharchin Mongols">Kharchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khishigten" title="Khishigten">Khishigten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorchin_Mongols" title="Khorchin Mongols">Khorchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Khuuchid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muumyangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Muumyangan">Muumyangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naimans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_people" title="Dzungar people">Dzungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoid" title="Khoid">Khoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut" title="Khoshut">Khoshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olot_people" title="Olot people">Olot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torghut" title="Torghut">Torghut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Mongols" title="Upper Mongols">Upper Mongols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onnigud" class="mw-redirect" title="Onnigud">Onnigud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_Mongols" title="Ordos Mongols">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Mongols" title="Sichuan Mongols">Sichuan Mongols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunud" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunud">Sunud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urad_Mongols" title="Urad Mongols">Urad</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Monguor_people" title="Monguor people">Monguor</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogwo_Arig" title="Sogwo Arig">Sogwo Arig</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yugur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugur">Yugur</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Yugur_language" title="Eastern Yugur language">Eastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Kra–Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_people" title="Bouyei people">Bouyei</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyang_people" title="Buyang people">Buyang</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Dai_people" title="Dai people">Dai</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_people" title="Tai Lue people">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nua_people" title="Tai Nua people">Tai Nua</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Kam_people" title="Kam people">Dong</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Gelao_people" title="Gelao people">Gelao</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Hlai_people" title="Hlai people">Li</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Maonan_people" title="Maonan people">Maonan</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_people" title="Nùng people">Nùng</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Mulao_people" title="Mulao people">Mulao</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabiao_people" title="Qabiao people">Qabiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rau_peoples" title="Rau peoples">Rau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_people" title="Shan people">Shan</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Sui_people" title="Sui people">Sui</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_people" title="Yang people">Yang</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_peoples" title="Tungusic peoples">Tungusic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Evenks" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenks</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solon_people" title="Solon people">Solon</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchus</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nanai_people" title="Nanai people">Nanai</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Oroqen_people" title="Oroqen people">Oroqen</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Sibe_people" title="Sibe people">Sibes</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_people" title="Altai people">Altaians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_people" title="Äynu people">Äynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolan_people" title="Dolan people">Dolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_people" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz people">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turk_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Ili Turk People">Ili Turks</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Kazakh</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Kyrgyz</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Salar_people" title="Salar people">Salar</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tatars" title="Chinese Tatars">Tatar</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvans" title="Tuvans">Tuvans</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks_in_China" title="Uzbeks in China">Uzbeks</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yugur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugur">Yugur</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yugur_language" title="Western Yugur language">Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_China" title="Armenians in China">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_China" title="Iranians in China">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_China" title="Nepalis in China">Nepalis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daman_people" title="Daman people">Daman</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_China" title="Russians in China">Russians</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Tajiks_of_Xinjiang" title="Tajiks of Xinjiang">Tajiks (Pamiris)</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_people" title="Wakhi people">Wakhis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Chinese" title="African Chinese">African Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_China" title="Indians in China">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese in China">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_China" title="History of the Jews in China">Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">Koreans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chaoxianzu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaoxianzu">Chaoxianzu</a>)</u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_people" title="Macanese people">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivkh_people" title="Nivkh people">Nivkhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_China" title="Pakistanis in China">Pakistanis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_nationalism" title="Han nationalism">Han nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_chauvinism" title="Han chauvinism">chauvinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_ethnic_nationalism" title="Local ethnic nationalism">Local ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minzu_(anthropology)" title="Minzu (anthropology)">Minzu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhonghua_minzu" title="Zhonghua minzu">Zhonghua minzu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unrecognized_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Unrecognized ethnic groups in China">Unrecognized ethnic groups in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_China" title="Immigration to China">Immigrant ethnic groups in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Chinese_history" title="Ethnic groups in Chinese history">Historic ethnic groups</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_and_linguistic_groups_in_Thailand_by_language_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Thailand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Thailand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Thailand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_and_linguistic_groups_in_Thailand_by_language_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Ethnic groups in Thailand">Ethnic and linguistic groups in Thailand</a> by <a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Thailand" title="Template:Languages of Thailand">language family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kra–Dai">Kra–Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Tai" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwestern Tai">Southwestern Tai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isan_people" title="Isan people">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%BCn" class="mw-redirect" title="Khün">Khün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_people" title="Lao people">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Ga" title="Lao Ga">Lao Ga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Krang" title="Lao Krang">Lao Krang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Lom" title="Lao Lom">Lao Lom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Loum" title="Lao Loum">Lao Loum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Ngaew" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao Ngaew">Lao Ngaew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Song" title="Lao Song">Lao Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Ti" title="Lao Ti">Lao Ti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Wiang" title="Lao Wiang">Lao Wiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_people" title="Tai Lue people">Tai Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Thai_people" title="Northern Thai people">Tai Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyong_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyong people">Nyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phu_Thai_language" title="Phu Thai language">Phu Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phuan_people" title="Phuan people">Phuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Bueng" title="Tai Bueng">Tai Bueng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Daeng_people" title="Tai Daeng people">Tai Daeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_people" title="Tai Dam people">Tai Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Gapong" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai Gapong">Tai Gapong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaleun_people" title="Kaleun people">Kaleun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nua_people" title="Tai Nua people">Tai Nüa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tai_Wang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tai Wang (page does not exist)">Tai Wang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_people" title="Thai people">Thai Noi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khorat_Thai" title="Khorat Thai">Khorat Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_people" title="Shan people">Thai Yai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Tai_languages" title="Northern Tai languages">Northern Tai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saek_people" title="Saek people">Saek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaw_people" title="Nyaw people">Nyaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoy_people" title="Yoy people">Yoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Malayo-Polynesian" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayo-Polynesian">Malayo-Polynesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cham_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Cham people">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Malays" title="Thai Malays">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moken_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Moken people">Moken</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moklen_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moklen people (page does not exist)">Moklen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urak_Lawoi%E2%80%99_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Urak Lawoi’ people">Urak Lawoi’</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Austroasiatic">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khmuic_peoples" title="Khmuic peoples">Khmuic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmu_people" title="Khmu people">Khmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lua_people" title="Lua people">Lua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mlabri_people" title="Mlabri people">Mlabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phai_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Phai people">Phai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pray_people" title="Pray people">Pray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal_people" title="Mal people">Tin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bru_people" title="Bru people">Bru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palaungic_languages" title="Palaungic languages">Palaungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Blang people">Blang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamet_people" title="Lamet people">Lamet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawa_people" title="Lawa people">Lawa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mok_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mok people (page does not exist)">Mok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaung_people" title="Palaung people">Palaung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Khmer_people" title="Northern Khmer people">Northern</a></li> <li>Western</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monic_languages" title="Monic languages">Monic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mon_people" title="Mon people">Mon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyah_Kur_people" title="Nyah Kur people">Nyah Kur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Katuic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Katuic language">Katuic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuy_people" title="Kuy people">Kuy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pearic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearic language">Pearic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pear_people" title="Pear people">Pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chong_language" title="Chong language">Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27och_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'och people">Sa'och</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aslian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aslian">Aslian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maniq" class="mw-redirect" title="Maniq">Maniq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kintaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Kintaq">Kintaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kensiu">Kensiu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vietic" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietic">Vietic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thavung_language" title="Thavung language">Aheu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Tibetan">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinitic language">Sinitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Chinese" title="Thai Chinese">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chin_Haw" title="Chin Haw">Chin Haw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peranakan_Chinese" title="Peranakan Chinese">Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoklo_people" title="Hoklo people">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_people" title="Hainan people">Hainanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_people" title="Fuzhou people">Hokchew</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibeto-Burman">Tibeto-Burman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akha_people" title="Akha people">Akha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bisu_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bisu people (page does not exist)">Bisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_people" title="Karen people">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karenni_people" title="Karenni people">Kayah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_people" title="Lahu people">Lahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_people" title="Lisu people">Lisu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mpi people">Mpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%27O_people" title="Pa'O people">Pa'O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrae_Pwo" class="mw-redirect" title="Phrae Pwo">Phrae Pwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phunoi_people" title="Phunoi people">Phunoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pwo people">Pwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_people" title="S'gaw people">S'gaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugong_people" title="Ugong people">Ugong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong–Mien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Yao</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_people" title="Iu Mien people">Iu Mien</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Thailand#Immigrants" title="Demographics of Thailand">Immigrants and expatriates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australians_in_Thailand" title="Australians in Thailand">Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_in_Thailand" title="Burmese in Thailand">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farang" title="Farang">Farang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_Thailand" title="Filipinos in Thailand">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Thailand" title="Indians in Thailand">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_Thailand" title="Iranians in Thailand">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_migration_to_Thailand" title="Japanese migration to Thailand">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Thailand" title="Koreans in Thailand">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luk_khrueng" title="Luk khrueng">Luk khrueng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalis in Thailand">Nepalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Thailand" title="Pakistanis in Thailand">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svenskar_i_Thailand" class="extiw" title="sv:Svenskar i Thailand">Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sichuan_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sichuan_topics" title="Template:Sichuan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sichuan_topics" title="Template talk:Sichuan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sichuan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sichuan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sichuan_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sichuan" title="Category:Sichuan">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sichuan" title="Politics of Sichuan">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Economy" title="Sichuan">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Sichuan" title="List of universities and colleges in Sichuan">Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#History" title="Sichuan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">States and kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui">Sanxingdui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_(state)" title="Ba (state)">Ba</a> & <a href="/wiki/Shu_(kingdom)" title="Shu (kingdom)">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengjia" title="Chengjia">Chengjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Shu Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng-Han" title="Cheng-Han">Cheng-Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Zong" title="Qiao Zong">Western Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Shu" title="Former Shu">Former Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Shu" title="Later Shu">Later Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Shu_(state)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Shu (state) (page does not exist)">Li Shu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%9C%80" class="extiw" title="zh:李蜀">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_Xia" title="Ming Xia">Ming Xia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_dynasty" title="Xi dynasty">Da Xi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuan-Mongol_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuan-Mongol War (page does not exist)">Sichuan-Mongol War</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%94%BB%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" class="extiw" title="zh:蒙古攻四川之戰">zh</a>]</span> (<a href="/wiki/Sichuan_anti-Mongol_fortresses" title="Sichuan anti-Mongol fortresses">anti-Mongol fortresses</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repopulation_of_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repopulation of Sichuan (page does not exist)">Repopulation of Sichuan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%BB%A3%E5%A1%AB%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D" class="extiw" title="yue:湖廣填四川">yue</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Protection_Movement" title="Railway Protection Movement">Railway Protection Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuan_during_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuan during World War II (page does not exist)">Home Front Period</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Sichuan" title="Category:Geography of Sichuan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Sichuan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Basin" title="Sichuan Basin">Sichuan Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Plain" title="Chengdu Plain">Chengdu Plain</a></li> <li>Regions <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Sichuan (page does not exist)">West</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E8%A5%BF" class="extiw" title="zh:川西">zh</a>]</span></small></li> <li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Sichuan (page does not exist)">East</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E6%9D%B1" class="extiw" title="zh:川東">zh</a>]</span></small></li> <li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Sichuan (page does not exist)">North</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E5%8C%97" class="extiw" title="zh:川北">zh</a>]</span></small></li> <li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Sichuan (page does not exist)">South</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E5%8D%97" class="extiw" title="zh:川南">zh</a>]</span>)</small></li> <li>Rivers <small>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan_River" title="Sichuan River">Sichuan</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Min_River_(Sichuan)" title="Min River (Sichuan)">Min</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Jialing_River" title="Jialing River">Jialing</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Tuo_River" title="Tuo River">Tuo</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Yalong_River" title="Yalong River">Yalong</a>)</small></li> <li>Mountain ranges <small>(<a href="/wiki/Daba_Mountains" title="Daba Mountains">Daba</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Longmen_Mountains" title="Longmen Mountains">Longmen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Qionglai_Mountains" title="Qionglai Mountains">Qionglai</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hengduan_Mountains" title="Hengduan Mountains">Hengduan</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Culture" title="Sichuan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%E2%80%93Shu_culture" title="Ba–Shu culture">Ba–Shu culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Shu" title="Clothing in ancient Shu">Clothing in ancient Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_embroidery" title="Sichuan embroidery">Sichuan embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuanese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuanese_liquor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuanese liquor (page does not exist)">Sichuanese liquor</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E9%85%92" class="extiw" title="zh:川酒">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengding_Ganlu_tea" title="Mengding Ganlu tea">Mengding Ganlu tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panda_tea" title="Panda tea">Panda tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_opera" title="Sichuan opera">Sichuan opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sichuan" title="Music of Sichuan">Sichuanese music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlang_Shen" title="Erlang Shen">Lord of Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuanese_architecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuanese architecture (page does not exist)">Sichuanese architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_garden" title="Sichuanese garden">Sichuanese garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_people" title="Sichuanese people">Sichuanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang-speaking_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiang-speaking peoples">Xiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Religion" title="Sichuan">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Chinese salvationist religions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Sichuan" title="Christianity in Sichuan">Main article</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East_in_Sichuan" title="Church of the East in Sichuan">Church of the East in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Sichuan" title="Catholic Church in Sichuan">Catholic Church in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Sichuan" title="Protestantism in Sichuan">Protestantism in Sichuan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anglicanism_in_Sichuan" title="History of Anglicanism in Sichuan">Anglicanism in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Methodism_in_Sichuan" title="History of Methodism in Sichuan">Methodism in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakerism_in_Sichuan" title="Quakerism in Sichuan">Quakerism in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Baptist_Christianity_in_Sichuan" title="History of Baptist Christianity in Sichuan">Baptist Christianity in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Adventism_in_Sichuan" title="History of Adventism in Sichuan">Seventh-day Adventist Church in Sichuan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sichuan" title="Islam in Sichuan">Main article</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Sichuan" title="Zoroastrianism in Sichuan">Main article</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan#Languages" title="Sichuan">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_dialects" title="Sichuanese dialects">Sichuanese</a> <small>(lingua franca)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%E2%80%93Shu_Chinese" title="Ba–Shu Chinese">Ba–Shu</a> <small>(extinct)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Chinese" title="Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_Standard_Chinese" title="Sichuanese Standard Chinese">Sichuanese Standard Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khams_Tibetan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khams Tibetan language">Kham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiarongic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiarongic languages">Jiarongic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuosu_language" title="Nuosu language">Nuosu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tourist attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailu,_Pengzhou" title="Bailu, Pengzhou">Bailu, Pengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_Irrigation_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Dujiangyan Irrigation System">Dujiangyan Irrigation System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gsumge_Mani_Stone_Castle" title="Gsumge Mani Stone Castle">Gsumge Mani Stone Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanglong_Scenic_and_Historic_Interest_Area" title="Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area">Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuzhaigou" title="Jiuzhaigou">Jiuzhaigou Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan_Giant_Buddha" title="Leshan Giant Buddha">Leshan Giant Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Emei" title="Mount Emei">Mount Emei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Gongga" title="Mount Gongga">Mount Gongga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Qingcheng" title="Mount Qingcheng">Mount Qingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui">Sanxingdui</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jinsha_site" title="Jinsha site">Jinsha archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Giant_Panda_Sanctuaries" title="Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries">Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cliff_Buddhist_Sculptures" title="Southern Cliff Buddhist Sculptures">Southern Cliff Buddhist Sculptures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Sichuan" title="Category:Sichuan">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sichuan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sichuan">Commons</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>see also</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sichuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greater Sichuan (page does not exist)">Greater Sichuan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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