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<li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_Jin_(266–316)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Jin_(266–316)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Western Jin (266–316)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_Jin_(266–316)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Founding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Founding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Material_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Material_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Material culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Material_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Jin_(317–420)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Jin_(317–420)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Eastern Jin (317–420)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Jin_(317–420)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Establishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Establishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wars_with_the_north" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wars_with_the_north"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Wars with the north</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wars_with_the_north-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mass_migration_to_the_south" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_migration_to_the_south"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Mass migration to the south</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_migration_to_the_south-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Demise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Government and demography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and demography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Qiaoren_and_baiji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qiaoren_and_baiji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span><i>Qiaoren</i> and <i>baiji</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qiaoren_and_baiji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lodged_administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lodged_administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Lodged administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lodged_administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tu_Duan_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tu_Duan_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Tu Duan policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tu_Duan_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Society and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_emperors_and_eras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_emperors_and_eras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of emperors and eras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_emperors_and_eras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Major events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jin dynasty (266–420)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin-dinastie_(265-420)" title="Jin-dinastie (265-420) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jin-dinastie (265-420)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="أسرة جين (266–420) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسرة جين (266–420)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87zin_s%C3%BClal%C9%99si" title="Çzin sülaləsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çzin sülaləsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_(%DB%B4%DB%B2%DB%B0%E2%80%93%DB%B2%DB%B6%DB%B5)" title="جین سولا‌له‌سی (۴۲۰–۲۶۵) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جین سولا‌له‌سی (۴۲۰–۲۶۵)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_(%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%AB%E2%80%93%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6)" title="চিন সাম্রাজ্য (২৬৫–৪২০) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চিন সাম্রাজ্য (২৬৫–৪২০)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ACn_(%C3%B4ng-ti%C3%A2u)" title="Chìn (ông-tiâu) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chìn (ông-tiâu)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_(265%E2%80%94420)" title="Цзинь (265—420) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Цзинь (265—420)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C_(265%E2%80%94420)" title="Цзінь (265—420) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цзінь (265—420)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD_(265_%E2%80%93_420)" title="Дзин (265 – 420) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дзин (265 – 420)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ཅིན་རྒྱལ་རབས། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཅིན་རྒྱལ་རབས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierniezh_Jin_(265_-_420)" title="Tierniezh Jin (265 - 420) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tierniezh Jin (265 - 420)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Jin_(265-420)" title="Dinastia Jin (265-420) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dinastia Jin (265-420)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98%C3%AD%C5%A1e_%C5%A4in_(265%E2%80%93420)" title="Říše Ťin (265–420) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Říše Ťin (265–420)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin-dynastiet_(265-420)" title="Jin-dynastiet (265-420) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jin-dynastiet (265-420)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin-Dynastie_(265%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin-Dynastie (265–420) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jin-Dynastie (265–420)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BD_(265-420)" title="Δυναστεία Τζιν (265-420) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυναστεία Τζιν (265-420)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Jin_(266-420)" title="Dinastía Jin (266-420) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dinastía Jin (266-420)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastio_Jin_(265%E2%80%93420)" title="Dinastio Jin (265–420) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dinastio Jin (265–420)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin_dinastia_(265-420)" title="Jin dinastia (265-420) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jin dinastia (265-420)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_(%DB%B4%DB%B2%DB%B0%E2%80%93%DB%B2%DB%B6%DB%B5)" title="دودمان جین (۴۲۰–۲۶۵) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دودمان جین (۴۲۰–۲۶۵)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastie_Jin_(265-420)" title="Dynastie Jin (265-420) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dynastie Jin (265-420)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%89" title="晉 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="晉" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin-chh%C3%A8u" title="Chin-chhèu – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chin-chhèu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%84_(%EC%9C%84%EC%A7%84)" title="진 (위진) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="진 (위진)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6" title="जिन राजवंश – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जिन राजवंश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastija_Jin_(265._%E2%80%93_420.)" title="Dinastija Jin (265. – 420.) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dinastija Jin (265. – 420.)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Jin_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Dinasti Jin (266–420) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dinasti Jin (266–420)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_J%C3%ACn" title="Dinastia Jìn – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dinastia Jìn" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%9F_(265%E2%80%93420)" title="שושלת ג'ין (265–420) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שושלת ג'ין (265–420)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanedana_Jin_(265-420)" title="Xanedana Jin (265-420) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xanedana Jin (265-420)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzji%C5%86u_dinastija_(265%E2%80%94420)" title="Dzjiņu dinastija (265—420) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzjiņu dinastija (265—420)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csin-dinasztia_(265%E2%80%93437)" title="Csin-dinasztia (265–437) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csin-dinasztia (265–437)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Jin_(265%E2%80%93420)" title="Dinasti Jin (265–420) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dinasti Jin (265–420)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9ng-di%C3%A8u" title="Céng-dièu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Céng-dièu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Жинь улс – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жинь улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin-dynastie_(265-420)" title="Jin-dynastie (265-420) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jin-dynastie (265-420)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%8B_(%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D)" title="晋 (王朝) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="晋 (王朝)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin-dynastiet_(265%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin-dynastiet (265–420) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jin-dynastiet (265–420)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin-dynastiet_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin-dynastiet (266–420) – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jin-dynastiet (266–420)" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Jin_(265-420)" title="Dinastia Jin (265-420) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dinastia Jin (265-420)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਜਿਨ ਰਾਜਵੰਸ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਿਨ ਰਾਜਵੰਸ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="جن راجٹبر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جن راجٹبر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastia_Jin_(265%E2%80%93420)" title="Dynastia Jin (265–420) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dynastia Jin (265–420)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Jin_(265-420)" title="Dinastia Jin (265-420) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dinastia Jin (265-420)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Jin_(265-420)" title="Dinastia Jin (265-420) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dinastia Jin (265-420)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_(265%E2%80%94420)" title="Цзинь (265—420) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цзинь (265—420)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastija_D%C5%BEin_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Dinastija Džin (266–420) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dinastija Džin (266–420)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_(%D9%A2%D9%A6%D9%A6-%D9%A4%D9%A2%D9%A0)" title="ئیمپراتۆریەتی جین (٢٦٦-٤٢٠) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمپراتۆریەتی جین (٢٦٦-٤٢٠)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_(265%E2%80%93420)" title="Династија Ђин (265–420) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Династија Ђин (265–420)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastija_Jin_(265%E2%80%93420)" title="Dinastija Jin (265–420) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dinastija Jin (265–420)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin-dynastia_(265%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin-dynastia (265–420) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jin-dynastia (265–420)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jindynastin_(265%E2%80%93420)" title="Jindynastin (265–420) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jindynastin (265–420)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_(265-420)" title="யின் அரசமரபு (265-420) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யின் அரசமரபு (265-420)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" title="ราชวงศ์จิ้น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชวงศ์จิ้น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin_Hanedan%C4%B1_(265-420)" title="Jin Hanedanı (265-420) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jin Hanedanı (265-420)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C_(265-420)" title="Династія Цзінь (265-420) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Династія Цзінь (265-420)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81_(265%E2%80%93420)" title="جن شاہی سلسلہ (265–420) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جن شاہی سلسلہ (265–420)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%89%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="جىن سۇلالىسى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="جىن سۇلالىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinciuz" title="Cinciuz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cinciuz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_T%E1%BA%A5n" title="Nhà Tấn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà Tấn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%89" title="晉 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="晉" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastiya_Jin_(265%E2%80%93420)" title="Dinastiya Jin (265–420) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dinastiya Jin (265–420)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="晋朝 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="晋朝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%89_(%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC)" title="晉 (司馬) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="晉 (司馬)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="晋朝 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="晋朝" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7352#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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.ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Jin</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">晉</span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">266–420</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Jeun_Dynasty_280_CE.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Western Jin at its greatest extent, c. 280"><img alt="The Western Jin at its greatest extent, c. 280" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Western_Jeun_Dynasty_280_CE.png/300px-Western_Jeun_Dynasty_280_CE.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Western_Jeun_Dynasty_280_CE.png/450px-Western_Jeun_Dynasty_280_CE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Western_Jeun_Dynasty_280_CE.png 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="537" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">The Western Jin at its greatest extent, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 280</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> (266–311)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> (312–316)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Jiankang" title="Jiankang">Jiankang</a> (317–420)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han_Chinese" title="Eastern Han Chinese">Eastern Han Chinese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_China#Jin_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of China">Emperor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 266–290 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Jin" title="Emperor Wu of Jin">Emperor Wu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 318–323 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yuan_of_Jin" title="Emperor Yuan of Jin">Emperor Yuan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 419–420 (last) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gong_of_Jin" title="Emperor Gong of Jin">Emperor Gong</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Grand_chancellor_(China)" title="Grand chancellor (China)">Chancellor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Establishment </div></th><td class="infobox-data">266</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Reunification of China proper </div></th><td class="infobox-data">280</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Eastern Jin begins; evacuation south of the <a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai River</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">317</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Abdication to <a href="/wiki/Liu_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Song">Liu Song</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">420</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">280 (Western Jin peak)<sup id="cite_ref-Taagepera128_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taagepera128-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">3,100,000 km<sup>2</sup> (1,200,000 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">347 (Eastern Jin peak)<sup id="cite_ref-Taagepera128_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taagepera128-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">2,800,000 km<sup>2</sup> (1,100,000 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_coinage" title="Ancient Chinese coinage">Chinese coin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cash_(currency_unit)" title="Chinese cash (currency unit)">Cash</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Cao Wei</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Eastern Wu</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Song_dynasty" title="Liu Song dynasty">Liu Song</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Jin dynasty</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">晉朝</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">晋朝</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Jìn cháo</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Jìn cháo</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Chin<sup>4</sup> ch‘ao<sup>2</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">tɕîn</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Alternative Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">司馬晉</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">司马晋</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sīmǎ Jìn</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Sīmǎ Jìn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Ssu<sup>1</sup>-ma<sup>4</sup> Chin<sup>4</sup></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Second alternative Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">兩晉</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">两晋</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Liǎng Jìn</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">Two Jins</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Liǎng Jìn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Liang<sup>3</sup> Chin<sup>4</sup></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="background:#FFEECC;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_China" title="Category:History of China">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage mw-no-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China"><img alt="History of China in Chinese characters and seal script" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%22History_of_China%22_for_template_heading.svg/200px-%22History_of_China%22_for_template_heading.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%22History_of_China%22_for_template_heading.svg/300px-%22History_of_China%22_for_template_heading.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%22History_of_China%22_for_template_heading.svg/400px-%22History_of_China%22_for_template_heading.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="121" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Chinese_history" title="Timeline of Chinese history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasties_of_China" title="Dynasties of China">Dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_historiography" title="Chinese historiography">Historiography</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFE4B5;border-top: 1px solid #666;border-bottom: 1px solid #666;color: #000 !important;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_China" title="Prehistory of China">Prehistoric</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background: #f0faff; text-align: left"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Paleolithic_sites_in_China" title="List of Paleolithic sites in China">Paleolithic</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Neolithic_cultures_of_China" title="List of Neolithic cultures of China">Neolithic</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 8500</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2000 BC</span>)</span></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_civilization" title="Yellow River civilization">Yellow</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_civilization" title="Yangtze civilization">Yangtze</a></b>, and <b><a href="/wiki/Liao_civilization" title="Liao civilization">Liao civilization</a></b></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFE4B5;border-top: 1px solid #666;border-bottom: 1px solid #666;color: #000 !important;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient China">Ancient</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background: #eeffe8; text-align: left"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Xia_dynasty" title="Xia dynasty">Xia</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2070</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1600 BC</span>)</span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1600</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1046 BC</span>)</span></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Late_Shang" title="Late Shang">Late Shang</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1250</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1046</span> BC)</span></dd></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1046</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 256 BC</span>)</span></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Western_Zhou" title="Western Zhou">Western Zhou</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(1046–771 BC)</span></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zhou" title="Eastern Zhou">Eastern Zhou</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(771–256 BC)</span> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn</a> <span class="nowrap">(<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 770</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 476 BC</span>)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States</a> <span class="nowrap">(475–221 BC)</span></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFE4B5;border-top: 1px solid #666;border-bottom: 1px solid #666;color: #000 !important;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial China">Imperial</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background: #fffde9; text-align: left"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-label="Navbox"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #fffde9; text-align: left"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(221–207 BC)</span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(206 BC – 220 AD)</span></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Chu%E2%80%93Han_Contention" title="Chu–Han Contention">Chu–Han Contention</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(206–202 BC)</span></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty#Western_Han" title="Han dynasty">Western Han</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(202 BC – 9 AD)</span></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Xin_dynasty" title="Xin dynasty">Xin</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(9–23 AD)</span></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty#Eastern_Han" title="Han dynasty">Eastern Han</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(25–220 AD)</span></dd></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(220–280 AD)</span></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Wei</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Shu</a></b>, and <b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Wu</a></b></dd></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jin</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(266–420)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-label="Navbox"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;background: #fffde9; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <dl><dd><b><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Western_Jin_(266–316)">Western Jin</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(266–316)</span></dd> <dd><b><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Eastern_Jin_(317–420)">Eastern Jin</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(317–420)</span></dd></dl> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><br /></li> <li><br /></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(304–439)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <hr /> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-label="Navbox"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #fffde9; text-align: left"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties" title="Northern and Southern dynasties">Northern and<br />Southern dynasties</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(420–589)</span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(581–618)</span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(618–907)</span> <ul><li><dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhou" title="Wu Zhou">Wu Zhou</a> <span class="nowrap">(690–705)</span></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <hr /> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-label="Navbox"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;background: #fffde9; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and<br />Ten Kingdoms</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(907–979)</span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(960–1279)</span></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty#Northern_Song,_960–1127" title="Song dynasty">Northern Song</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(960–1127)</span></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty#Southern_Song,_1127–1279" title="Song dynasty">Southern Song</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(1127–1279)</span></dd></dl> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><br /></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(916–1125)</span></li> <li><br /></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(1038–1227)</span></li> <li><br /></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(1115–1234)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <hr /> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-label="Navbox"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #fffde9; text-align: left"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(1271–1368)</span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(1368–1644)</span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(1644–1912)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFE4B5;border-top: 1px solid #666;border-bottom: 1px solid #666;color: #000 !important;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Modern_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern China">Modern</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background: #fff0f6; text-align: left"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(mainland, 1912–1949)</span></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-label="Navbox"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;background: #fff0f6; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic<br />of China</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(1949–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a></b> <span class="nowrap">(Taiwan,<br />1949–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFE4B5;border-top: 1px solid #666;border-bottom: 1px solid #666;color: #000 !important;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related articles</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_art#History_and_development" title="Chinese art">Art history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China" title="Economic history of China">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_China" title="History of education in China">Education history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_China" title="Legal history of China">Legal history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in China">LGBT history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_history_of_China" title="Media history of China">Media history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_China#History" title="Music of China">Music history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Chinese_music" title="Timeline of Chinese music">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_China_before_1912" title="Military history of China before 1912">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_China" title="Naval history of China">Naval history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion_in_China" title="History of religion in China">History of religion in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Christianity in China">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_China" title="History of the Jews in China">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_China" title="History of Islam in China">Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_China" title="History of science and technology in China">Science and technology history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_archaeology" title="History of Chinese archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartography_of_China" title="Cartography of China">Cartography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_discoveries" title="List of Chinese discoveries">Discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_inventions" title="List of Chinese inventions">Inventions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_transport_in_China" title="History of transport in China">Transport history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_ancient_and_imperial_China" title="Women in ancient and imperial China">Women's history</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_China" title="Template:History of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_China" title="Template talk:History of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Jin dynasty</b> or <b>Jin Empire</b>, sometimes distinguished as the <span class="nowrap"><b>Sima Jin</b></span> or the <span class="nowrap"><b>Two Jins</b></span>, was an <a href="/wiki/Dynasties_of_China" title="Dynasties of China">imperial dynasty in China</a> that existed from 266 to 420. It was founded by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Jin" title="Emperor Wu of Jin">Sima Yan</a>, eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Sima_Zhao" title="Sima Zhao">Sima Zhao</a>, who had previously been declared the King of Jin. There are two main divisions in the history of the dynasty. The <span class="nowrap"><b>Western Jin</b></span> (266–316) was established as the successor to <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Cao Wei</a> after Sima Yan usurped the throne from <a href="/wiki/Cao_Huan" title="Cao Huan">Cao Huan</a>. The capital of the Western Jin was initially in <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>, though it later moved to <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a>). In 280, after conquering <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Eastern Wu</a>, the Western Jin ended the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> period and reunited <a href="/wiki/China_proper" title="China proper">China proper</a> for the first time since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>. </p><p>From 291 to 306, a series of civil wars known as the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Eight_Princes" title="War of the Eight Princes">War of the Eight Princes</a> were fought over control of the Jin state which weakened it considerably. In 304, the dynasty experienced a wave of <a href="/wiki/Invasion_and_rebellion_of_the_Five_Barbarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion and rebellion of the Five Barbarians">rebellions</a> by non-<a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a> ethnicities termed the <a href="/wiki/Five_Barbarians" title="Five Barbarians">Five Barbarians</a>, who went on to establish several short-lived dynastic states in <a href="/wiki/Northern_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern China">northern China</a>. This inaugurated the chaotic and bloody <a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a> era of Chinese history, in which states in the north rose and fell in rapid succession, constantly fighting both one another and the Jin. <a href="/wiki/Former_Zhao" class="mw-redirect" title="Former Zhao">Han-Zhao</a>, one of the northern states established during the disorder, <a href="/wiki/Disaster_of_Yongjia" title="Disaster of Yongjia">sacked Luoyang in 311</a>, captured <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> in 316, and executed <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Min_of_Jin" title="Emperor Min of Jin">Emperor Min of Jin</a> in 318, ending the Western Jin era. <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yuan_of_Jin" title="Emperor Yuan of Jin">Sima Rui</a>, who succeeded Emperor Min, then reestablished the Jin dynasty with its capital in <a href="/wiki/Jiankang" title="Jiankang">Jiankang</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>), inaugurating the <span class="nowrap"><b>Eastern Jin</b></span> (317–420). </p><p>The Eastern Jin dynasty remained in near-constant conflict with its northern neighbors for most of its existence, and it launched several invasions of the north with the aim of recovering its lost territories. In 383, the Eastern Jin <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fei_River" title="Battle of Fei River">inflicted a devastating defeat</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Former_Qin" title="Former Qin">Former Qin</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Di_(Five_Barbarians)" title="Di (Five Barbarians)">Di</a>-ruled state that had briefly unified northern China. In the aftermath of that battle, the Former Qin state splintered, and Jin armies recaptured the lands south of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>. The Eastern Jin was eventually usurped by General <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Liu_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Wu of Liu Song">Liu Yu</a> in 420 replaced with the <a href="/wiki/Liu_Song_dynasty" title="Liu Song dynasty">Liu Song dynasty</a>. The Eastern Jin dynasty is considered the second of the <a href="/wiki/Six_Dynasties" title="Six Dynasties">Six Dynasties</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="History of the Jin dynasty (266–420)">History of the Jin dynasty (266–420)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)_and_the_Sixteen_Kingdoms_(304%E2%80%93439)" title="Timeline of the Jin dynasty (266–420) and the Sixteen Kingdoms (304–439)">Timeline of the Jin dynasty (266–420) and the Sixteen Kingdoms (304–439)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Jin_dynasty_and_the_Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Military history of the Jin dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms">Military history of the Jin dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Incident_at_the_Gaoping_Tombs" title="Incident at the Gaoping Tombs">Incident at the Gaoping Tombs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Shu_by_Wei" title="Conquest of Shu by Wei">Conquest of Shu by Wei</a></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> period, the <a href="/wiki/Sima_(Chinese_surname)" title="Sima (Chinese surname)">Sima</a> clan—with its most accomplished individual being <a href="/wiki/Sima_Yi" title="Sima Yi">Sima Yi</a>—rose to prominence within the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Cao Wei</a> that dominated northern China. Sima Yi was the <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> of Cao Wei, and in 249 he instigated a coup d'état known as the <a href="/wiki/Incident_at_Gaoping_Tombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Incident at Gaoping Tombs">Incident at Gaoping Tombs</a>, the Sima clan began to surpass the Cao clan's power in the kingdom. After Sima Yi's death in 251, Sima Yi's eldest son <a href="/wiki/Sima_Shi" title="Sima Shi">Sima Shi</a> succeeded his father as regent of Cao Wei, maintaining the Sima clan's tight grip on the Cao Wei political scene. After Sima Shi's death in 255, Sima Shi's younger brother <a href="/wiki/Sima_Zhao" title="Sima Zhao">Sima Zhao</a> became the regent of Cao Wei. Sima Zhao further assisted his clans' interests by suppressing rebellions and dissent. </p><p>In 263, he directed Cao Wei forces in conquering <a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Shu Han</a> and capturing <a href="/wiki/Liu_Shan" title="Liu Shan">Liu Shan</a> (the son of <a href="/wiki/Liu_Bei" title="Liu Bei">Liu Bei</a>), marking the first demise of one of the Three Kingdoms. Sima Zhao's actions awarded him the title of King of Jin, the last achievable rank beneath that of emperor. He was granted the title because his ancestral home was located in <a href="/wiki/Wen_County,_Henan" title="Wen County, Henan">Wen County</a>, on the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou</a>-era <a href="/wiki/Jin_(Chinese_state)" title="Jin (Chinese state)">state of Jin</a>, which was centered on the Jin River in <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>. Sima Zhao's ambitions for the throne were visible, but he died in 265 before any usurpation attempt could be made, passing the opportunity to his ambitious son <a href="/wiki/Sima_Yan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sima Yan">Sima Yan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_Jin_(266–316)"><span id="Western_Jin_.28266.E2.80.93316.29"></span>Western Jin (266–316)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Western Jin (266–316)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Founding">Founding</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Founding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Wu_by_Jin" title="Conquest of Wu by Jin">Conquest of Wu by Jin</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Jin_Porcelain_Female_Figure_(9832737224).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Western_Jin_Porcelain_Female_Figure_%289832737224%29.jpg/220px-Western_Jin_Porcelain_Female_Figure_%289832737224%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Western_Jin_Porcelain_Female_Figure_%289832737224%29.jpg/330px-Western_Jin_Porcelain_Female_Figure_%289832737224%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Western_Jin_Porcelain_Female_Figure_%289832737224%29.jpg/440px-Western_Jin_Porcelain_Female_Figure_%289832737224%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>Western Jin-era porcelain figurine</figcaption></figure> <p>The Jin dynasty was founded by Sima Yan, who was known posthumously as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Jin" title="Emperor Wu of Jin">Emperor Wu</a> (the "Martial Emperor of Jin"). After succeeding <a href="/wiki/Sima_Zhao" title="Sima Zhao">his father</a> as the King of Jin and regent of <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Cao Wei</a> in 265, Sima Yan declared himself emperor of the Jin dynasty in February 266 and forced the final Wei ruler <a href="/wiki/Cao_Huan" title="Cao Huan">Cao Huan</a> to abdicate. Emperor Wu permitted Cao Huan to live with honor as the Prince of Chenliu, and buried him with imperial ceremony. Under Emperor Wu, the Jin dynasty conquered <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Eastern Wu</a> in 280 and united China proper, thus ending the Three Kingdoms period. The period of unity was relatively short-lived, as the Jin state was soon weakened by corruption, political turmoil, and internal conflicts. Emperor Wu's son Zhong, posthumously known as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Hui_of_Jin" title="Emperor Hui of Jin">Emperor Hui</a>, was <a href="/wiki/Developmental_disability" title="Developmental disability">developmentally disabled</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Decline">Decline</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Eight_Princes" title="War of the Eight Princes">War of the Eight Princes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upheaval_of_the_Five_Barbarians" title="Upheaval of the Five Barbarians">Upheaval of the Five Barbarians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Disaster_of_Yongjia" title="Disaster of Yongjia">Disaster of Yongjia</a></div> <p>Emperor Wu died in 290, and in 291 conflict over his succession caused the devastating <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Eight_Princes" title="War of the Eight Princes">War of the Eight Princes</a>. The dynasty was greatly weakened by this civil conflict, and it soon faced more upheaval when the <a href="/wiki/Upheaval_of_the_Five_Barbarians" title="Upheaval of the Five Barbarians">Upheaval of the Five Barbarians</a> began in 304. During this unrest, the Jin capital <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> was <a href="/wiki/Disaster_of_Yongjia" title="Disaster of Yongjia">sacked</a> by <a href="/wiki/Han-Zhao" title="Han-Zhao">Han-Zhao</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Liu_Cong_(Han_Zhao)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Cong (Han Zhao)">Liu Cong</a> in 311, and Jin emperor Sima Chi, posthumously known as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Huai_of_Jin" title="Emperor Huai of Jin">Emperor Huai</a>, was captured and later executed. Emperor Huai's successor Sima Ye, posthumously known as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Min_of_Jin" title="Emperor Min of Jin">Emperor Min</a>, was then also captured and executed by Han-Zhao forces when they seized <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a>) in 316. This event marked the end of the Western Jin.<sup id="cite_ref-Rene_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rene-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The surviving members of the Jin imperial family, as well as large numbers of Han Chinese from the <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a>, subsequently fled to southern China. These refugees had a large impact on the lands they moved to—for example, they gave <a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Jin_River_(Fujian)" title="Jin River (Fujian)">Jin River</a> its name upon their settlement there. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Material_culture">Material culture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Material culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Jin dynasty is well known for the quality of its greenish <a href="/wiki/Celadon" title="Celadon">celadon</a> porcelain wares, which immediately followed the development of <a href="/wiki/Proto-celadon" title="Proto-celadon">proto-celadon</a>. Jar designs often incorporated animal, as well as Buddhist, figures.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of <a href="/wiki/Yue_ware" title="Yue ware">Yue ware</a> are also known from the Jin dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yue_ware_with_motif_3rd_century_Western_Jin_Zhejiang.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yue ware with motif, 3rd century CE, Western Jin, Zhejiang."><img alt="Yue ware with motif, 3rd century CE, Western Jin, Zhejiang." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Yue_ware_with_motif_3rd_century_Western_Jin_Zhejiang.jpg/120px-Yue_ware_with_motif_3rd_century_Western_Jin_Zhejiang.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Yue_ware_with_motif_3rd_century_Western_Jin_Zhejiang.jpg/180px-Yue_ware_with_motif_3rd_century_Western_Jin_Zhejiang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Yue_ware_with_motif_3rd_century_Western_Jin_Zhejiang.jpg/240px-Yue_ware_with_motif_3rd_century_Western_Jin_Zhejiang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3021" data-file-height="2060" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Yue_ware" title="Yue ware">Yue ware</a> with motif, 3rd century CE, Western Jin, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Jin_Pottery_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery tower, Western Jin, 265–317 CE."><img alt="Pottery tower, Western Jin, 265–317 CE." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Western_Jin_Pottery_Tower.jpg/120px-Western_Jin_Pottery_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Western_Jin_Pottery_Tower.jpg/180px-Western_Jin_Pottery_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Western_Jin_Pottery_Tower.jpg/240px-Western_Jin_Pottery_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery tower, Western Jin, 265–317 CE.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Celadon_lion_shaped_Bixie_Western_Jin_period_265_317CE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Celadon lion-shaped bixie, Western Jin, 265–317 CE."><img alt="Celadon lion-shaped bixie, Western Jin, 265–317 CE." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Celadon_lion_shaped_Bixie_Western_Jin_period_265_317CE.jpg/120px-Celadon_lion_shaped_Bixie_Western_Jin_period_265_317CE.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Celadon_lion_shaped_Bixie_Western_Jin_period_265_317CE.jpg/180px-Celadon_lion_shaped_Bixie_Western_Jin_period_265_317CE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Celadon_lion_shaped_Bixie_Western_Jin_period_265_317CE.jpg/240px-Celadon_lion_shaped_Bixie_Western_Jin_period_265_317CE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2506" data-file-height="1972" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Celadon" title="Celadon">Celadon</a> lion-shaped <i><a href="/wiki/Bixie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bixie">bixie</a></i>, Western Jin, 265–317 CE.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Celadon_Lian_bowl_with_Buddhist_figures_Western_Jin_265_317CE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Celadon lian bowl with Buddhist figures, Western Jin, 265–317 CE."><img alt="Celadon lian bowl with Buddhist figures, Western Jin, 265–317 CE." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Celadon_Lian_bowl_with_Buddhist_figures_Western_Jin_265_317CE.jpg/120px-Celadon_Lian_bowl_with_Buddhist_figures_Western_Jin_265_317CE.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Celadon_Lian_bowl_with_Buddhist_figures_Western_Jin_265_317CE.jpg/180px-Celadon_Lian_bowl_with_Buddhist_figures_Western_Jin_265_317CE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Celadon_Lian_bowl_with_Buddhist_figures_Western_Jin_265_317CE.jpg/240px-Celadon_Lian_bowl_with_Buddhist_figures_Western_Jin_265_317CE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2325" data-file-height="1756" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Celadon <i>lian</i> bowl with Buddhist figures, Western Jin, 265–317 CE.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JinJar.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Hunping jar of the Western Jin, with Buddhist figures."><img alt="Hunping jar of the Western Jin, with Buddhist figures." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/JinJar.JPG/68px-JinJar.JPG" decoding="async" width="68" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/JinJar.JPG/102px-JinJar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/JinJar.JPG/137px-JinJar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="883" data-file-height="1548" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Hunping" title="Hunping">Hunping</a></i> jar of the Western Jin, with <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> figures.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Jin_(317–420)"><span id="Eastern_Jin_.28317.E2.80.93420.29"></span>Eastern Jin (317–420)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Eastern Jin (317–420)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Funerary_panels,_from_the_tomb_of_Sima_Jinlong,_484_CE._Datong,_Shanxi_Province.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Funerary_panels%2C_from_the_tomb_of_Sima_Jinlong%2C_484_CE._Datong%2C_Shanxi_Province.jpg/220px-Funerary_panels%2C_from_the_tomb_of_Sima_Jinlong%2C_484_CE._Datong%2C_Shanxi_Province.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Funerary_panels%2C_from_the_tomb_of_Sima_Jinlong%2C_484_CE._Datong%2C_Shanxi_Province.jpg/330px-Funerary_panels%2C_from_the_tomb_of_Sima_Jinlong%2C_484_CE._Datong%2C_Shanxi_Province.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Funerary_panels%2C_from_the_tomb_of_Sima_Jinlong%2C_484_CE._Datong%2C_Shanxi_Province.jpg/440px-Funerary_panels%2C_from_the_tomb_of_Sima_Jinlong%2C_484_CE._Datong%2C_Shanxi_Province.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1663" data-file-height="1618" /></a><figcaption>Lacquer screen, from the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Sima_Jinlong" title="Sima Jinlong">Sima Jinlong</a>, 484 CE. Untypical of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei" title="Northern Wei">Northern Wei</a> style, it was probably brought from the court of the Jin dynasty by Sima Jinlong's father.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, it could be a Northern Wei work strongly influenced by Jin artistic styles, such as the work of <a href="/wiki/Gu_Kaizhi" title="Gu Kaizhi">Gu Kaizhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Jin_Celadon_Figures_(10111627465).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Western_Jin_Celadon_Figures_%2810111627465%29.jpg/220px-Western_Jin_Celadon_Figures_%2810111627465%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Western_Jin_Celadon_Figures_%2810111627465%29.jpg/330px-Western_Jin_Celadon_Figures_%2810111627465%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Western_Jin_Celadon_Figures_%2810111627465%29.jpg/440px-Western_Jin_Celadon_Figures_%2810111627465%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Western Jin celadon figures</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Establishment">Establishment</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a></div> <p>After the fall of <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> and the execution of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Min_of_Jin" title="Emperor Min of Jin">Emperor Min of Jin</a>, Sima Rui, posthumously known as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yuan_of_Jin" title="Emperor Yuan of Jin">Emperor Yuan</a>, was enthroned as Jin emperor in 318. He reestablished the Jin government at <a href="/wiki/Jiankang" title="Jiankang">Jiankang</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>), which became the dynasty's new capital. This marked the start of the Eastern Jin period.<sup id="cite_ref-Rene_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rene-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Sima Rui's titles was the prince of <a href="/wiki/Langya_Commandery" title="Langya Commandery">Langya</a>, so the recently established <a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">northern states</a>, who denied the legitimacy of his succession, occasionally referred to his empire as "Langya". </p><p>The Eastern Jin period witnessed the pinnacle of <i>menfa</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">門閥</span></span> 'gentry clan') politics. The authority of the emperors was limited, while national affairs were controlled by powerful immigrant elite clans like the Wang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">王</span></span>) clans of <a href="/wiki/Langya_Commandery" title="Langya Commandery">Langya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan_Commandery" title="Taiyuan Commandery">Taiyuan</a>, the Xie (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">謝</span></span>) clan of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chenliu_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chenliu Commandery (page does not exist)">Chenliu</a>, the Huan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">桓</span></span>) clan of <a href="/wiki/Qiao_Commandery" class="mw-redirect" title="Qiao Commandery">Qiao Commandery</a>, and the Yu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">庾</span></span>) clan of <a href="/wiki/Yingchuan_Commandery" title="Yingchuan Commandery">Yingchuan</a>. Among the people, a common remark was that "<a href="/wiki/Wang_Dao" title="Wang Dao">Wang Dao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yuan_of_Jin" title="Emperor Yuan of Jin">Sima Rui</a>, they dominate the nation together" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">王與馬，共天下</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was said that when Emperor Yuan was holding court, he even invited Wang Dao to sit by his side so they could jointly accept congratulations from ministers, but Wang Dao declined the offer.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wars_with_the_north">Wars with the north</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Wars with the north"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fei_River" title="Battle of Fei River">Battle of Fei River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liu_Yu%27s_Northern_Expeditions" title="Liu Yu's Northern Expeditions">Liu Yu's Northern Expeditions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Huan_Wen%27s_Northern_Expeditions" title="Huan Wen's Northern Expeditions">Huan Wen's Northern Expeditions</a></div> <p>In order to recover the lands lost during the fall of the Western Jin, the Eastern Jin dynasty launched several military campaigns against the northern states, such as the <a href="/wiki/Huan_Wen%27s_Northern_Expeditions" title="Huan Wen's Northern Expeditions">expeditions led by Huan Wen</a> from 354 to 369. Most notably, in 383, a heavily outnumbered Eastern Jin force inflicted a devastating defeat on the state of Former Qin at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fei_River" title="Battle of Fei River">Battle of Fei River</a>. After this battle, the Former Qin—which had recently unified northern China—began to collapse, and the Jin dynasty recovered the lands south of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>. Some of these lands were later lost, but the Jin regained them once more when <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Song" title="Emperor Wu of Song">Liu Yu</a> defeated the northern states in <a href="/wiki/Liu_Yu%27s_Northern_Expeditions" title="Liu Yu's Northern Expeditions">his northern expeditions</a> of 409–416. </p><p>Despite successes against the northern states like the Battle of Fei River, paranoia in the royal family and a constant disruptions to the throne often caused loss of support for northern campaigns. For example, lack of support by the Jin court was a major cause of Huan Wen's failure to recover the north in his expeditions. Additionally, internal military crises—including the rebellions of generals <a href="/wiki/Wang_Dun" title="Wang Dun">Wang Dun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Su_Jun" title="Su Jun">Su Jun</a>, but also lesser <i>fangzhen</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">方鎮</span></span> 'military command') revolts—plagued the Eastern Jin throughout its 104-year existence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mass_migration_to_the_south">Mass migration to the south</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mass migration to the south"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The local aristocrat clans of the south were often at odds with the immigrants from the north. As such, tensions increased, and rivalry between the immigrants and southern locals loomed large in the domestic politics of the Jin. Two of the most prominent local clans, the Zhou (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">周</span></span>) clan of <a href="/wiki/Yixing" title="Yixing">Yixing</a> and the Shen (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">沈</span></span>) clan of <a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Wuxing</a>, were dealt a bitter blow from which they never quite recovered. There was also conflict between the various northern immigrant clans. This led to a virtual balance of power, which somewhat benefited the emperor's rule. </p><p>Special "commanderies of immigrants" and "white registers" were created for the massive amounts of northern Han Chinese who moved south during the Eastern Jin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGernet1996[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidjqb7L-pKCV8CdqYellowregisterswhitechinpgPA182_182]_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGernet1996[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidjqb7L-pKCV8CdqYellowregisterswhitechinpgPA182_182]-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The southern Chinese aristocracy was formed from the offspring of these migrants.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Jiangnan" title="Jiangnan">Jiangnan</a> region, <a href="/wiki/Celestial_Masters" class="mw-redirect" title="Celestial Masters">Celestial Masters</a> and the nobility of northern China subdued the nobility of southern China during the Jin dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-LagerweyLü2009_34_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LagerweyLü2009_34-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Southern China overtook the north in population due to depopulation of the north and the migration of northern Chinese to southern China.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different waves of migration of aristocratic Chinese from northern China to the south at different times resulted in distinct groups of aristocratic lineages.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark2007_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark2007-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Celadon_jar_Eastern_Jin_317_420_CE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Celadon_jar_Eastern_Jin_317_420_CE.jpg/220px-Celadon_jar_Eastern_Jin_317_420_CE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Celadon_jar_Eastern_Jin_317_420_CE.jpg/330px-Celadon_jar_Eastern_Jin_317_420_CE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Celadon_jar_Eastern_Jin_317_420_CE.jpg/440px-Celadon_jar_Eastern_Jin_317_420_CE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1989" data-file-height="2406" /></a><figcaption>Eastern Jin celadon jar</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demise">Demise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 403, <a href="/wiki/Huan_Xuan" title="Huan Xuan">Huan Xuan</a>, the son of esteemed general <a href="/wiki/Huan_Wen" title="Huan Wen">Huan Wen</a>, usurped the Jin throne and declared the dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Huan_Chu" class="mw-redirect" title="Huan Chu">Huan Chu</a>. Huan Xuan was soon toppled by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Liu_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Wu of Liu Song">Liu Yu</a>, who reinstated Jin rule by installing Sima Dezong on the throne, posthumously known as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_An_of_Jin" title="Emperor An of Jin">Emperor An</a>. Meanwhile, the civilian administration suffered, as there were further revolts led by Sun En and Lu Xun, and <a href="/wiki/Western_Shu" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Shu">Western Shu</a> became an independent kingdom under <a href="/wiki/Qiao_Zong" title="Qiao Zong">Qiao Zong</a>. In 419, Liu Yu had Sima Dezong strangled and replaced by his brother Sima Dewen, posthumously known as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gong_of_Jin" title="Emperor Gong of Jin">Emperor Gong</a>. Finally, in 420, Sima Dewen abdicated in favour of Liu Yu, who declared himself the ruler of the new <a href="/wiki/Liu_Song_dynasty" title="Liu Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (which is referred to as the Liu Song dynasty by historians in order to prevent confusion with the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> established in 960). Sima Dewen was then asphyxiated with a blanket in the following year. In the north, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Liang" title="Northern Liang">Northern Liang</a>, the last of the <a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a>, was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Wei dynasty">Northern Wei</a> in 439, ushering in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern dynasties">Northern dynasties</a> period. </p><p>The Xianbei <a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei" title="Northern Wei">Northern Wei</a> accepted the Jin refugees <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sima_Fei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sima Fei (page does not exist)">Sima Fei</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E6%9C%8F" class="extiw" title="zh:司馬朏">zh</a>]</span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">司馬朏</span></span>) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sima_Chuzhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sima Chuzhi (page does not exist)">Sima Chuzhi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E6%A5%9A%E4%B9%8B" class="extiw" title="zh:司馬楚之">zh</a>]</span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">司馬楚之</span></span>). They both married Xianbei princesses. Sima Fei's wife was named Huayang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8F%AF" class="extiw" title="wikt:華">華</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%99%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:陽">陽</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB" class="extiw" title="wikt:公主">公主</a></span></span>), who was a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaowen_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei">Emperor Xiaowen</a>; Sima Chuzhi's son was <a href="/wiki/Sima_Jinlong" title="Sima Jinlong">Sima Jinlong</a>, who married a <a href="/wiki/Northern_Liang" title="Northern Liang">Northern Liang</a> princess who was a daughter of the <a href="/wiki/Lushuihu" title="Lushuihu">Lushuihu</a> king <a href="/wiki/Juqu_Mujian" title="Juqu Mujian">Juqu Mujian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than fifty percent of Tuoba Xianbei princesses of the Northern Wei were married to southern Han Chinese men from the imperial families and aristocrats from southern China of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern dynasties">Southern dynasties</a> who defected and moved north to join the Northern Wei.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much later, <a href="/wiki/Sima_Guang" title="Sima Guang">Sima Guang</a> (1019–1086), who served as <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor (China)">chancellor</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> and created the comprehensive history <i><a href="/wiki/Zizhi_Tongjian" title="Zizhi Tongjian">Zizhi Tongjian</a></i>, claimed descent from the Jin dynasty (specifically, <a href="/wiki/Sima_Fu" title="Sima Fu">Sima Fu</a>, brother of <a href="/wiki/Sima_Yi" title="Sima Yi">Sima Yi</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_demography">Government and demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Government and demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_Jin_382.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Eastern_Jin_382.png/250px-Eastern_Jin_382.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Eastern_Jin_382.png/375px-Eastern_Jin_382.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Eastern_Jin_382.png/500px-Eastern_Jin_382.png 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="866" /></a><figcaption>Administrative divisions of Eastern Jin dynasty as of 382</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qiaoren_and_baiji"><i>Qiaoren</i> and <i>baiji</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Qiaoren and baiji"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_the_Five_Barbarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Uprising of the Five Barbarians">uprising of the five barbarians</a> led to one in eight northerners migrating to the south. These immigrants were called <i>qiaoren</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">僑人</span></span> 'lodged people'), accounting for one-sixth of the population of the south at the time. With consideration of the material loss refugees had experienced before arrival, they were exempt from the <i>diao</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">調</span></span>) tax, and other services. Those whose registers were bound in white paper were called <i>baiji</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">白籍</span></span>), while the others with registers bound in yellow paper were called <i>huangji</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">黃籍</span></span>). When the crisis had subsided, this preferential increasingly seemed a heavy burden on the people, arousing dissatisfaction in the natives. Hence, <i>tu duan</i> was an increasingly important issue for the Eastern Jin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lodged_administrative_divisions">Lodged administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Lodged administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Eastern Jin court established three levels of administrative divisions which served as strongholds for the <i>qiaoren</i>: the <i>qiaozhou</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">僑州</span></span>, 'province'), <i>qiaojun</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">僑郡</span></span>, 'commandery'), and qiaoxian (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">僑縣</span></span>, the lodged county), these lodged administrative divisions were merely nominal without possessing actual domain, or rather, they were local government in exile; what could scarcely be denied was their significance in Jin's legitimacy for the northern territory as somewhat an announcement. Furthermore, it was also an action done to appease the refugees' homesickness, which was evoking their desire to reacquire what had been lost. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ornamental_plaque,_Eastern_Jin_dynasty,_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ornamental_plaque%2C_Eastern_Jin_dynasty%2C_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.JPG/220px-Ornamental_plaque%2C_Eastern_Jin_dynasty%2C_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ornamental_plaque%2C_Eastern_Jin_dynasty%2C_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.JPG/330px-Ornamental_plaque%2C_Eastern_Jin_dynasty%2C_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ornamental_plaque%2C_Eastern_Jin_dynasty%2C_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.JPG/440px-Ornamental_plaque%2C_Eastern_Jin_dynasty%2C_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2388" data-file-height="2598" /></a><figcaption>Ornamental plaque, Eastern Jin dynasty, Metropolitan Museum of Art.</figcaption></figure><p> During the rule of Emperor Yuan, Emperor Ming, and Emperor Cheng, the lodged administrative divisions were concentrated in the area south of the Huai River and the Lower Yangtze Plain. At first there was the lodged Langya Commandery within lodged Fei County in Jiankang, but when it began is not exactly known. Then the lodged Huaide County was also established in Jiankang, around 320. According to the <i>Book of Song</i>:</p><blockquote><p>晉永嘉大亂，幽、冀、青、並、兗州及徐州之淮北流民，相率過淮，亦有過江在晉陵郡界者……又徙流民之在淮南者于晉陵諸縣，其徙過江南及留在江北者，並立僑郡縣以司牧之。徐、兗二州或治江北，江北又僑立幽、冀、青、並四州……(After Disaster of Yongjia, the refugees from You, Ji, Qing, Bing, Yan and Xu provinces came across the Huai River, some even came across the Yangtze River and stayed in Jinling Commandery... The lodged administrative divisions were established to govern them. The seats of Xu and Yan provinces perhaps were moved to the area north of the Yangtze River, where the lodged You, Ji, Qing, Bing provinces were established.)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The lodged Pei, Qinghe, Xiapi, Dongguang, Pingchang, Jiyin, Puyang, Guangping, Taishan, Jiyang, and Lu commanderies were established when Emperor Ming ruled. The rebellions and invasions occurring in Jianghuai area led to more refugees switching to settle in the south of the Yangtze River, where the lodged Huainan Commandery was established afterwards. </p><p>However, carrying these out was more complex than the policy was formulated. Several actual counties were under the jurisdiction of the lodged commanderies. </p><p>A few lodged administrative divisions are still retained in China nowadays. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Dangtu_County" title="Dangtu County">Dangtu County</a> was originally located in the area of <a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a>, however, the lodged Dangtu County was established in where it is now, and the latter replaced the former, inheriting its place name. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tu_Duan_policy">Tu Duan policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Tu Duan policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;border-color:lightgrey"><div style="position:relative;width:300px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Asia_physical_(continental).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Jin dynasty (266–420) is located in Continental Asia"><img alt="Jin dynasty (266–420) is located in Continental Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/300px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/450px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/600px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3196" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span><div id="annotation_222x83" style="position:absolute; 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margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">The Eastern Jin dynasty and contemporary Asian polities <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 400</div></div></div></div><p> The <i>tu duan</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">土斷</span></span>) is the abbreviation for <i>yi tu duan</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">以土斷</span></span>, means classifying people according to their present habitation to register). It was a policy to ensure the ancient <a href="/wiki/Hukou_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukou system">hukou system</a> working since the Western Jin. These terms were first recorded in the biographies of Wei Guan and Li Chong included in the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jin" title="Book of Jin">Book of Jin</a></i>:</p><blockquote><p>今九域同規，大化方始，臣等以為宜皆蕩除末法，一擬古制，<b>以土斷</b>，定自公卿以下，皆以所居為正，無復懸客遠屬異土者。<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><blockquote><p>然承魏氏凋弊之跡，人物播越，仕無常朝，人無定處，郎吏蓄於軍府，豪右聚於都邑，事體駁錯，與古不同。謂九品既除，宜先開移徙，聽相並就。且明貢舉之法，不濫於境外，則冠帶之倫將不分而自均，即<b>土斷</b>之實行矣。<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Hence, it was perhaps initially proposed by these two people, but was only seriously implemented during the Eastern Jin and the Southern dynasties. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ku_K%27ai-chih_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ku_K%27ai-chih_001.jpg/330px-Ku_K%27ai-chih_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ku_K%27ai-chih_001.jpg/495px-Ku_K%27ai-chih_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ku_K%27ai-chih_001.jpg/660px-Ku_K%27ai-chih_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1334" /></a><figcaption>Scene of the <i><a href="/wiki/Admonitions_Scroll" title="Admonitions Scroll">Admonitions Scroll</a></i>, traditionally considered as a Jin court painting by <a href="/wiki/Gu_Kaizhi" title="Gu Kaizhi">Gu Kaizhi</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 345</span>–406)</figcaption></figure> <p>Taoism was polarized in the Jin dynasty. The Jin emperors repressed Taoists harshly, but also tried to exploit it, given the way it had been used near the end of the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han era</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Turban_Rebellion" title="Yellow Turban Rebellion">Yellow Turban Rebellion</a>. Amidst the political turmoil of the era, many successful merchants, small landowners, and other moderately comfortable people found great solace in Taoist teachings and a number of major clans and military officers also took up the faith. <a href="/wiki/Ge_Hong" title="Ge Hong">Ge Hong</a> emphasized loyalty to the emperor as a Taoist virtue; he even taught that rebels could never be Taoist immortals,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which made Taoism more palatable to the imperial hierarchy. As a result, popular Taoist religions were considered <a href="/wiki/Heterodoxy" title="Heterodoxy">heterodoxy</a> while the official schools of the court were supported, but the popular schools like Tianshi <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> were still secretly held dear and promulgated amongst ordinary people.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Disunity, disintegration, and chaos also made Buddhism more popular, in part due to the focus on addressing suffering. The Jin dynasty marked a critical era for the <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> school in China. <a href="/wiki/Dharmarak%E1%B9%A3a" title="Dharmarakṣa">Dharmarakṣa</a>'s 286 translation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Sutra" title="Lotus Sutra">Lotus Sutra</a></i> was the most important one before <a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva" title="Kumārajīva">Kumārajīva</a>'s 5th-century translation. It was said that there were 1,768 Buddhist temples in the Eastern Jin.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, Taoism advanced <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> and medicine in China, whereas the contribution of Mahayana was concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> and literature.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:3008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto;direction:rtl"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gu_Kaizhi_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="‪The British Museum copy of The Admonitions of the Instructress to the Court Ladies, attributed to Gu Kaizhi (c. 344–406), but likely a Tang-era copy‬"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Gu_Kaizhi_001.jpg/3000px-Gu_Kaizhi_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="3000" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Gu_Kaizhi_001.jpg/4500px-Gu_Kaizhi_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Gu_Kaizhi_001.jpg/6000px-Gu_Kaizhi_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11557" data-file-height="840" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Gu_Kaizhi_001.jpg" title="File:Gu Kaizhi 001.jpg"> </a></div>The <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> copy of <i>The Admonitions of the Instructress to the Court Ladies</i>, attributed to <a href="/wiki/Gu_Kaizhi" title="Gu Kaizhi">Gu Kaizhi</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 344</span>–406), but likely a <a href="/wiki/Tang-era" class="mw-redirect" title="Tang-era">Tang-era</a> copy</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_emperors_and_eras">List of emperors and eras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: List of emperors and eras"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_emperors_family_tree_(early)#Jin_Dynasty_and_Chu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese emperors family tree (early)">Emperor's family tree</a> and <a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Sima_Yi" title="Family tree of Sima Yi">Family tree of Sima Yi</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous names</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">Family name</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">given names</a> </th> <th>Durations of reigns </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Regnal_year" title="Regnal year">Era names</a> and their according range of years </th> <th>Territories </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="text-align: center"><b>Western Jin dynasty 266–316</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Jin" title="Emperor Wu of Jin">Wu</a> </td> <td>Sima Yan </td> <td>266–290 </td> <td> <ul><li><i>Taishi</i> 266–274</li> <li><i>Xianning</i> 275–280</li> <li><i>Taikang</i> 280–289</li> <li><i>Taixi</i> January 28, 290 – May 17, 290</li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="5" style="text-align: center"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Western Jin</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Jeun_Dynasty_280_CE.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Western_Jeun_Dynasty_280_CE.png/200px-Western_Jeun_Dynasty_280_CE.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Western_Jeun_Dynasty_280_CE.png/300px-Western_Jeun_Dynasty_280_CE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Western_Jeun_Dynasty_280_CE.png/400px-Western_Jeun_Dynasty_280_CE.png 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="537" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Territorial extent of the Jin <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 280</span></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%99%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:西晉">西晉</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%99%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:西晋">西晋</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Xījìn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Hsi Chin</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Sai<sup>1</sup> Jeun<sup>3</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[sɐj˥ tsɵn˧]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_Huidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin Huidi">Hui</a> </td> <td>Sima Zhong </td> <td>290–307 </td> <td> <ul><li><i>Yongxi</i> May 17, 290 – February 15, 291</li> <li><i>Yongping</i> February 16 – April 23, 291</li> <li><i>Yuankang</i> April 24, 291 – February 6, 300</li> <li><i>Yongkang</i> February 7, 300 – February 3, 301</li> <li><i>Yongning</i> June 1, 301 – January 4, 303</li> <li><i>Taian</i> January 5, 303 – February 21, 304</li> <li><i>Yongan</i> February 22 – August 15, 304; December 25, 304 – February 3, 305</li> <li><i>Jianwu</i> August 16 – December 24, 304</li> <li><i>Yongxing</i> February 4, 305 – July 12, 306</li> <li><i>Guangxi</i> July 13, 306 – February 19, 307</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>none</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sima_Lun" title="Sima Lun">Sima Lun</a> </td> <td>301 </td> <td> <ul><li><i>Jianshi</i> February 3 – June 1, 301</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_Huaidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin Huaidi">Huai</a> </td> <td>Sima Chi </td> <td>307–311 </td> <td> <ul><li><i>Yongjia</i> 307 – 313</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_Mindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin Mindi">Min</a> </td> <td>Sima Ye </td> <td>313–316 </td> <td> <ul><li><i>Jianxing</i> 313–316</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="text-align: center"><b>Eastern Jin dynasty 317–420</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_Yuandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin Yuandi">Yuan</a> </td> <td>Sima Rui </td> <td>317–323 </td> <td> <ul><li><i>Jianwu</i> 317–318</li> <li><i>Taixing</i> 318–322</li> <li><i>Yongchang</i> 322–323</li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Eastern Jin</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China400ce.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/China400ce.png/200px-China400ce.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/China400ce.png/300px-China400ce.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/China400ce.png/400px-China400ce.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="526" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Jin Empire <i>(yellow)</i>, <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 400</span><br /><small>(Eastern Jin)</small></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%99%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:東晉">東晉</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%99%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:东晋">东晋</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Dōngjìn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Tung Chin</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Dung<sup>1</sup> Jeun<sup>3</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[tʊŋ˥ tsɵn˧]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_Mingdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin Mingdi">Ming</a> </td> <td>Sima Shao </td> <td>323–325 </td> <td> <ul><li><i>Taining</i> 323–326</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_Chengdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin Chengdi">Cheng</a> </td> <td>Sima Yan </td> <td>325–342 </td> <td> <ul><li><i>Xianhe</i> 326–335</li> <li><i>Xiankang</i> 335–342</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_Kangdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin Kangdi">Kang</a> </td> <td>Sima Yue </td> <td>342–344 </td> <td> <ul><li><i>Jianyuan</i> 343–344</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_Mudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin Mudi">Mu</a> </td> <td>Sima Dan </td> <td>344–361 </td> <td> <ul><li><i>Yonghe</i> 345–357</li> <li><i>Shengping</i> 357–361</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_Aidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin Aidi">Ai</a> </td> <td>Sima Pi </td> <td>361–365 </td> <td> <ul><li><i>Longhe</i> 362–363</li> <li><i>Xingning</i> 363–365</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>none</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Fei_of_Jin" title="Emperor Fei of Jin">Sima Yi</a> </td> <td>365–372 </td> <td> <ul><li><i>Taihe</i> 365–372</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_Jianwendi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin Jianwendi">Jianwen</a> </td> <td>Sima Yu </td> <td>372 </td> <td> <ul><li><i>Xianan</i> 372–373</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jian_Xiaowudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jian Xiaowudi">Xiaowu</a> </td> <td>Sima Yao </td> <td>372–396 </td> <td> <ul><li><i>Ningkang</i> 373–375</li> <li><i>Taiyuan</i> (太元) 376–396</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_Andi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin Andi">An</a> </td> <td>Sima Dezong </td> <td>396–419 </td> <td> <ul><li><i>Longan</i> 397–402</li> <li><i>Yuanxing</i> 402–405</li> <li><i>Yixi</i> 405–419</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_Gongdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin Gongdi">Gong</a> </td> <td>Sima Dewen </td> <td>419–420 </td> <td> <ul><li><i>Yuanxi</i> 419–420</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_events">Major events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Major events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Jin dynasty</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9C%9D" class="extiw" title="wikt:晉朝">晉朝</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="extiw" title="wikt:晋朝">晋朝</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Jìn cháo</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Jinn Chaur</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Chin<sup>4</sup> Ch'ao<sup>2</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[tɕîn ʈʂʰǎʊ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Jeun<sup>3</sup> Chiu<sup>4</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Zeon<sup>3</sup> Ciu<sup>4</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[tsɵn˧ tsʰiw˩]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Tsìn Tiâu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Late Middle Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ltc-Latn">Tsìn Djew</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Sima Jin</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:司馬">司馬</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%99%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:晉">晉</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:司马">司马</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%99%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:晋">晋</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Sīmǎ Jìn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Ssu-ma Chin</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Si<sup>1</sup>ma<sup>5</sup> Jeun<sup>3</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[si˥ ma˩˧ tsɵn˧]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Liang Jin</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:兩">兩</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%99%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:晉">晉</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%A4" class="extiw" title="wikt:两">两</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%99%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:晋">晋</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">Two Jins</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Liǎng Jìn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Liang Chin</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Leung<sup>2</sup> Jeun<sup>3</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[lœŋ˧˥ tsɵn˧]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fei_River" title="Battle of Fei River">Battle of Fei River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_Lovers" title="Butterfly Lovers">Butterfly Lovers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Eight_Princes" title="War of the Eight Princes">War of the Eight Princes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Barbarians" title="Five Barbarians">Wu Hu</a> people</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Taagepera128-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taagepera128_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taagepera128_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTaagepera1979" class="citation journal cs1">Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". <i>Social Science History</i>. <b>3</b> (3/4): 128. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1170959">1170959</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+History&rft.atitle=Size+and+Duration+of+Empires%3A+Growth-Decline+Curves%2C+600+B.C.+to+600+A.D.&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=128&rft.date=1979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1170959%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Taagepera&rft.aufirst=Rein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJin+dynasty+%28266%E2%80%93420%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rene-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rene_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rene_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrousset1970" class="citation book cs1">Grousset, Rene (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppesh00prof/page/56"><i>The Empire of the Steppes</i></a>. Rutgers University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppesh00prof/page/56">56–57</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-1304-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-1304-1"><bdi>978-0-8135-1304-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Empire+of+the+Steppes&rft.pages=56-57&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-1304-1&rft.aulast=Grousset&rft.aufirst=Rene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fempireofsteppesh00prof%2Fpage%2F56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJin+dynasty+%28266%E2%80%93420%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Museum" title="Shanghai Museum">Shanghai Museum</a> permanent exhibit</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Guimet_Museum" title="Guimet Museum">Guimet Museum</a> permanent exhibit</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDien2007" class="citation book cs1">Dien, Albert E. 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Yale University Press. pp. 295–296. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-07404-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-07404-8"><bdi>978-0-300-07404-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Six+Dynasties+Civilization&rft.pages=295-296&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-300-07404-8&rft.aulast=Dien&rft.aufirst=Albert+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0zp6iMZoqt0C%26pg%3DPA295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJin+dynasty+%28266%E2%80%93420%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatt2004" class="citation book cs1">Watt, James C. Y. 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Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58839-126-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58839-126-1"><bdi>978-1-58839-126-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%3A+Dawn+of+a+Golden+Age%2C+200%E2%80%93750+AD&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-58839-126-1&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=James+C.+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJbdS-R3y72MC%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJin+dynasty+%28266%E2%80%93420%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFang_Xuanling1974" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a href="/wiki/Fang_Xuanling" title="Fang Xuanling">Fang Xuanling</a>; et al., eds. 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Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju. vol. 98, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7098#王敦" class="extiw" title="zh:s:晉書/卷098">biography of Wang Dun</a>. <q>帝初鎮江東，威名未著，敦與從弟導等同心翼戴，以隆中興，時人為之語曰：「王與馬，共天下。」</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Book+of+Jin+%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pages=vol.+98%2C+%3Azh%3As%3A%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8%2F%E5%8D%B7098%23%E7%8E%8B%E6%95%A6%7Cbiography+of+Wang+Dun&rft.pub=Zhonghua+Shuju&rft.date=1974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJin+dynasty+%28266%E2%80%93420%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063531/http://www.jssdfz.gov.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=133&id=4623">"Sima Rui" <bdi lang="zh">司马睿</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sima+Rui+%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E7%9D%BF&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Committee+for+Local+Records%2C+Jiangsu+Province&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jssdfz.gov.cn%2Findex.php%3Fm%3Dcontent%26c%3Dindex%26a%3Dshow%26catid%3D133%26id%3D4623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJin+dynasty+%28266%E2%80%93420%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGernet1996[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidjqb7L-pKCV8CdqYellowregisterswhitechinpgPA182_182]-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGernet1996[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidjqb7L-pKCV8CdqYellowregisterswhitechinpgPA182_182]_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGernet1996">Gernet (1996)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jqb7L-pKCV8C&dq=Yellow+registers+white+chin&pg=PA182">182</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTackett2006" class="citation thesis cs1">Tackett, Nicolas Olivier (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304220551/http://history.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/slides/Dissertation.pdf"><i>The Transformation of Medieval Chinese Elites (850–1000 C.E.)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD thesis). Columbia University. p. 81. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/slides/Dissertation.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Transformation+of+Medieval+Chinese+Elites+%28850%E2%80%931000+C.E.%29&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=Columbia+University&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Tackett&rft.aufirst=Nicolas+Olivier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.berkeley.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fslides%2FDissertation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJin+dynasty+%28266%E2%80%93420%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LagerweyLü2009_34-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LagerweyLü2009_34_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWang_Chengwen2009" class="citation book cs1">Wang Chengwen (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q2nWdWbN3MQC&pg=PA831">"The Revelation and Classification of Daoist Scriptures"</a>. In John Lagerwey; Lü Pengzhi (eds.). <i>Early Chinese Religion: The Period of Division (220–589 AD)</i>. Vol. 2. Brill. p. 831. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2Fej.9789004175853.i-1564.98">10.1163/ej.9789004175853.i-1564.98</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17585-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17585-3"><bdi>978-90-04-17585-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Revelation+and+Classification+of+Daoist+Scriptures&rft.btitle=Early+Chinese+Religion%3A+The+Period+of+Division+%28220%E2%80%93589+AD%29&rft.pages=831&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2Fej.9789004175853.i-1564.98&rft.isbn=978-90-04-17585-3&rft.au=Wang+Chengwen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq2nWdWbN3MQC%26pg%3DPA831&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJin+dynasty+%28266%E2%80%93420%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaywood2000" class="citation book cs1">Haywood, John (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SOzKGAAACAAJ"><i>Historical Atlas of the Classical World, 500 BC–AD 600</i></a>. Barnes & Noble Books. p. 2.25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7607-1973-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7607-1973-2"><bdi>978-0-7607-1973-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Atlas+of+the+Classical+World%2C+500+BC%E2%80%93AD+600&rft.pages=2.25&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7607-1973-2&rft.aulast=Haywood&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSOzKGAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJin+dynasty+%28266%E2%80%93420%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaywoodJotischkyMcGlynn1998" class="citation book cs1">Haywood, John; Jotischky, Andrew; McGlynn, Sean (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YQMUNgAACAAJ"><i>Historical Atlas of the Medieval World, AD 600–1492</i></a>. Barnes & Noble. p. 3.21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7607-1976-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7607-1976-3"><bdi>978-0-7607-1976-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Atlas+of+the+Medieval+World%2C+AD+600%E2%80%931492&rft.pages=3.21&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7607-1976-3&rft.aulast=Haywood&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Jotischky%2C+Andrew&rft.au=McGlynn%2C+Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYQMUNgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJin+dynasty+%28266%E2%80%93420%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clark2007-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clark2007_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHugh_R._Clark2007" class="citation book cs1">Hugh R. 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Chinese University Press. pp. 37–38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-962-996-227-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-962-996-227-2"><bdi>978-962-996-227-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portrait+of+a+Community%3A+Society%2C+Culture%2C+and+the+Structures+of+Kinship+in+the+Mulan+River+Valley+%28Fujian%29+from+the+Late+Tang+Through+the+Song&rft.pages=37-38&rft.pub=Chinese+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-962-996-227-2&rft.au=Hugh+R.+Clark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D126EsR8rpC8C%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJin+dynasty+%28266%E2%80%93420%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatt2004" class="citation cs1">Watt, James C.Y. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JbdS-R3y72MC&pg=PA18"><i>China: Dawn of a Golden Age, 200–750 AD</i></a>. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 18 ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58839-126-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58839-126-1"><bdi>978-1-58839-126-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%3A+Dawn+of+a+Golden+Age%2C+200%E2%80%93750+AD&rft.pages=18+ff&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-58839-126-1&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=James+C.Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJbdS-R3y72MC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJin+dynasty+%28266%E2%80%93420%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTang2016" class="citation thesis cs1">Tang, Qiaomei (May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/33493331/TANG-DISSERTATION-2016.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y"><i>Divorce and the Divorced Woman in Early Medieval China (First through Sixth Century)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD thesis). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University. pp. 151–153.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Divorce+and+the+Divorced+Woman+in+Early+Medieval+China+%28First+through+Sixth+Century%29&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=Harvard+University&rft.date=2016-05&rft.aulast=Tang&rft.aufirst=Qiaomei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdash.harvard.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1%2F33493331%2FTANG-DISSERTATION-2016.pdf%3Fsequence%3D4%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJin+dynasty+%28266%E2%80%93420%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShen_Yue1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shen_Yue" title="Shen Yue">Shen Yue</a> (1974) [493]. <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Song" title="Book of Song"><i>Book of Song</i></a>. Zhonghua Shuju. <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E5%AE%8B%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B735" class="extiw" title="zh:s:宋書/卷35">vol. 35</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Book+of+Song&rft.pages=%3Azh%3As%3A%E5%AE%8B%E6%9B%B8%2F%E5%8D%B735%7Cvol.+35&rft.pub=Zhonghua+Shuju&rft.date=1974&rft.au=Shen+Yue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJin+dynasty+%28266%E2%80%93420%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7036"><i>Book of Jin, Vol. 36</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Book+of+Jin%2C+Vol.+36&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%2599%2589%25E6%259B%25B8%2F%25E5%258D%25B7036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJin+dynasty+%28266%E2%80%93420%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7046"><i>Book of Jin, Vol. 46</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Book+of+Jin%2C+Vol.+46&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%2599%2589%25E6%259B%25B8%2F%25E5%258D%25B7046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJin+dynasty+%28266%E2%80%93420%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%8A%B1%E6%9C%B4%E5%AD%90/%E5%8D%B703"><i>Baopuzi, Vol. 3</i></a>. <q>欲求仙者，要當以忠孝和順仁信為本。若德行不修，而但務方術，皆不得長生也。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baopuzi%2C+Vol.+3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%258A%25B1%25E6%259C%25B4%25E5%25AD%2590%2F%25E5%258D%25B703&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJin+dynasty+%28266%E2%80%93420%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">「東晉偏安一百四載，立寺乃一千七百六十有八，可謂侈盛……」Liu Shiheng (劉世珩,1874–1926) <i>南朝寺考</i> quoted from <i>釋迦氏譜</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGernet1996" class="citation book cs1">Gernet, Jacques (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofchinese00gern_0"><i>A History of Chinese Civilization</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-49781-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-49781-7"><bdi>978-0-521-49781-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Chinese+Civilization&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-521-49781-7&rft.aulast=Gernet&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofchinese00gern_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJin+dynasty+%28266%E2%80%93420%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Crespigny" class="citation web cs1">de Crespigny, Rafe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120813213458/https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/html/1885/42048/3KWJin_sources.pdf">"The Three Kingdoms and Western Jin: A History of China in the Third Century AD"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/html/1885/42048/3KWJin_sources.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Three+Kingdoms+and+Western+Jin%3A+A+History+of+China+in+the+Third+Century+AD&rft.aulast=de+Crespigny&rft.aufirst=Rafe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcollections.anu.edu.au%2Fhtml%2F1885%2F42048%2F3KWJin_sources.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJin+dynasty+%28266%E2%80%93420%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jin_Dynasty_(266-420)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jin Dynasty (266-420)">Jin Dynasty (266-420)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.people.com.cn/200307/09/eng20030709_119804.shtml">Largest Jin Dynasty Tomb Discovered in NW China</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(265-420)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin dynasty (265-420)">Jin dynasty</a> </b><br />266–420 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Song">Liu Song</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jin_dynasty_(266–420)_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_dynasty_(265%E2%80%93420)_topics" title="Template:Jin dynasty (265–420) topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jin_dynasty_(265%E2%80%93420)_topics" title="Template talk:Jin dynasty (265–420) topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jin_dynasty_(265%E2%80%93420)_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jin dynasty (265–420) topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jin_dynasty_(266–420)_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jin dynasty (266–420)</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="History of the Jin dynasty (266–420)">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Wu_by_Jin" title="Conquest of Wu by Jin">Conquest of Wu by Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Eight_Princes" title="War of the Eight Princes">War of the Eight Princes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upheaval_of_the_Five_Barbarians" title="Upheaval of the Five Barbarians">Upheaval of the Five Barbarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_of_Yongjia" title="Disaster of Yongjia">Disaster of Yongjia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conquest_of_Cheng-Han_by_Jin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conquest of Cheng-Han by Jin (page does not exist)">Conquest of Cheng-Han by Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchid_Pavilion_Gathering" title="Orchid Pavilion Gathering">Orchid Pavilion Gathering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huan_Wen%27s_Northern_Expeditions" title="Huan Wen's Northern Expeditions">Huan Wen's Northern Expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fei_River" title="Battle of Fei River">Battle of Fei River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yu%27s_Northern_Expeditions" title="Liu Yu's Northern Expeditions">Liu Yu's Northern Expeditions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_emperors_family_tree_(early)#Jin_Dynasty_and_Chu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese emperors family tree (early)">Emperors' family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Sima_Yi" title="Family tree of Sima Yi">Sima clan family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_of_the_eight_clans" class="mw-redirect" title="Migration of the eight clans">Migration of the eight clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_History_Books_of_Jin" title="Eighteen History Books of Jin">Eighteen History Books of Jin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jin" title="Book of Jin">Book of Jin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_the_Supernatural" title="In Search of the Supernatural">In Search of the Supernatural</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiankang" title="Jiankang">Jiankang</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_Huayang" title="Chronicles of Huayang">Chronicles of Huayang</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_Lovers" title="Butterfly Lovers">Butterfly Lovers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_the_Jin_dynasty_(266–420)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_the_Jin_dynasty" title="Template:Administrative divisions of the Jin dynasty"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_the_Jin_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of the Jin dynasty (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_the_Jin_dynasty" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of the Jin dynasty"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_the_Jin_dynasty_(266–420)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative divisions of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jin dynasty (266–420)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Si (司)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Hé'nán</a> (河南) <a href="/wiki/Xingyang" title="Xingyang">Xíngyáng</a> (滎陽) <a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Hóngnóng</a> (弘農) <a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shàngluò</a> (上洛) <a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Píngyáng</a> (平陽) <a href="/wiki/Hedong_Commandery" title="Hedong Commandery">Hédōng</a> (河東) <a href="/wiki/Weihui" title="Weihui">Jí</a> (汲) Hénèi (河內) Guǎngpíng (廣平) <a href="/wiki/Donggucheng" title="Donggucheng">Yángpíng</a> (陽平) <a href="/wiki/Linzhang_County" title="Linzhang County">Wèi</a> (魏) <a href="/wiki/Qingfeng_County" title="Qingfeng County">Dùnqiū</a> (頓丘) <a href="/wiki/Qinyang" title="Qinyang">Yěwáng</a> (野王) <a href="/wiki/Yuanyang_County,_Henan" title="Yuanyang County, Henan">Yuánwǔ</a> (原武) <a href="/wiki/Yuzhou,_Henan" title="Yuzhou, Henan">Yángdí</a> (陽翟)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yan (兗)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Xiangfu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangfu District">Chénliú</a> (陳留) Dōng (東) <a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Púyáng</a> (濮陽) <a href="/wiki/Dingtao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dingtao District">Jìyīn</a> (濟陰) <a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Jìběi</a> (濟北) Dōngpíng (東平) <a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Rènchéng</a> (任城) Tàishān (泰山) <a href="/wiki/Juye_County" title="Juye County">Gāopíng</a> (高平) <a href="/wiki/Yanjin_County,_Henan" title="Yanjin County, Henan">Dōngyān</a> (東燕) <a href="/wiki/Minquan_County" title="Minquan County">Jìyáng</a> (濟陽) Guǎngyáng (廣陽)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yu (豫)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Yǐngchuān</a> (潁川) <a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_County,_Henan" title="Xiangcheng County, Henan">Xiāngchéng</a> (襄城) <a href="/wiki/Pingyu_County" title="Pingyu County">Rǔ'nán</a> (汝南) <a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Rǔyīn</a> (汝陰) <a href="/wiki/Suiyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Suiyang District">Liáng</a> (梁) <a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Pèi</a> (沛) <a href="/wiki/Qiaocheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qiaocheng District">Qiáo</a> (譙) <a href="/wiki/Yanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanzhou District">Lǔ</a> (魯) <a href="/wiki/Huangchuan_County" title="Huangchuan County">Yìyáng</a> (弋陽) <a href="/wiki/Huoqiu_County" title="Huoqiu County">Ānfēng</a> (安豐) <a href="/wiki/Xincai_County" title="Xincai County">Xīncài</a> (新蔡) <a href="/wiki/Huaiyang_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaiyang County">Chén</a> (陳) <a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_City" title="Xiangcheng City">Nándùn</a> (南頓) <a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Xīyáng</a> (西陽)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ji (冀)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Zhào</a> (趙) <a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Jùlù</a> (鉅鹿) <a href="/wiki/Jizhou_District,_Hengshui" class="mw-redirect" title="Jizhou District, Hengshui">Chánglè</a> (長樂) <a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Píngyuán</a> (平原) <a href="/wiki/Huimin_County" title="Huimin County">Lèlíng</a> (樂陵) <a href="/wiki/Dongguang_County" title="Dongguang County">Bóhǎi</a> (勃海) <a href="/wiki/Dacheng_County" title="Dacheng County">Zhāngwǔ</a> (章武) <a href="/wiki/Xian_County" title="Xian County">Héjiān</a> (河間) <a href="/wiki/Li_County,_Hebei" title="Li County, Hebei">Gāoyáng</a> (高陽) <a href="/wiki/Raoyang_County" title="Raoyang County">Bólíng</a> (博陵) <a href="/wiki/Qinghe_County,_Hebei" title="Qinghe County, Hebei">Qīnghé</a> (清河) <a href="/wiki/Dingzhou" title="Dingzhou">Zhōngshān</a> (中山) <a href="/wiki/Zhengding_County" title="Zhengding County">Chángshān</a> (常山) Zhōngqiū (中丘) <a href="/wiki/Wuyi_County,_Hebei" title="Wuyi County, Hebei">Wǔyì</a> (武邑) Guǎngchuān (廣川)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">You (幽)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Zhuozhou" title="Zhuozhou">Fànyáng</a> (范陽) <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Yān</a> (燕) <a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Běipíng</a> (北平) <a href="/wiki/Huailai_County" title="Huailai County">Shànggǔ</a> (上谷) <a href="/wiki/Zhuolu_County" title="Zhuolu County">Guǎngníng (</a>) <a href="/wiki/Dai_Commandery" title="Dai Commandery">Dài</a> (代) Zhōngdū (中都) <a href="/wiki/Qian%27an,_Hebei" title="Qian'an, Hebei">Liáoxī</a> (遼西) <a href="/wiki/Wuqing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuqing District">Yúyáng</a> (漁陽)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ping (平)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yi_County,_Liaoning" title="Yi County, Liaoning">Chānglí</a> (昌黎) <a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liáodōng</a> (遼東) <a href="/wiki/Lelang_Commandery" title="Lelang Commandery">Lèlàng</a> (樂浪) <a href="/wiki/Xuantu_Commandery" title="Xuantu Commandery">Xuántù</a> (玄菟) <a href="/wiki/Daifang_Commandery" title="Daifang Commandery">Dàifāng</a> (帶方)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bing (并)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Tàiyuán</a> (太原) <a href="/wiki/Shangdang" class="mw-redirect" title="Shangdang">Shàngdǎng</a> (上黨) <a href="/wiki/Fenyang" title="Fenyang">Xīhé</a> (西河) <a href="/wiki/Xiyang_County" title="Xiyang County">Lèpíng</a> (樂平) <a href="/wiki/Yanmen_Commandery" title="Yanmen Commandery">Yànmén</a> (雁門) <a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Jìnchāng</a> (晉昌) Xīnxīng (新興)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yong (雍)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Jīngzhào</a> (京兆) <a href="/wiki/Dali_County" title="Dali County">Féngyì</a> (馮翊) <a href="/wiki/Jingyang_County" title="Jingyang County">Fúfēng</a> (扶風) Qín (秦) <a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Āndìng</a> (安定) <a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Běidì</a> (北地) <a href="/wiki/Xingping" title="Xingping">Shǐpíng</a> (始平) Xīnpíng (新平)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liang (涼)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Jīnchéng</a> (金城) <a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xīpíng</a> (西平) <a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wǔwēi</a> (武威) <a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhāngyè</a> (張掖) <a href="/wiki/Yongchang_County" title="Yongchang County">Xī</a> (西) <a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiǔquán</a> (酒泉) <a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dūnhuáng</a> (敦煌) <a href="/wiki/Ejin_Banner" title="Ejin Banner">Xīhǎi</a> (西海) <a href="/wiki/Guazhou_County" title="Guazhou County">Jìnchāng</a> (晉昌) Wǔxīng (武興) <a href="/wiki/Minhe_Hui_and_Tu_Autonomous_County" title="Minhe Hui and Tu Autonomous County">Jìnxīng</a> (晉興)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Qin (秦)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Longxi_Commandery" title="Longxi Commandery">Lǒngxī</a> (隴西) <a href="/wiki/Longxi_County" title="Longxi County">Nán'ān</a> (南安) <a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tiānshuǐ</a> (天水) Lüèyáng (略陽) Guǎngwèi (廣魏) <a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Wǔdū</a> (武都) <a href="/wiki/Wen_County,_Gansu" title="Wen County, Gansu">Yīnpíng</a> (陰平) <a href="/wiki/Lintao_County" title="Lintao County">Dídào</a> (狄道) Qínchuān (秦川)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liang (梁)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hànzhōng</a> (漢中) <a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Zǐtóng</a> (梓潼) <a href="/wiki/Guanghan" title="Guanghan">Guǎnghàn</a> (廣漢) Xīndū (新都) <a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Bāxī</a> (巴西) Dàngqú (宕渠) Xīnchéng (新城) <a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Wèixīng</a> (魏興) Shàngyōng (上庸)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yi (益)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chéngdū</a> (成都) Shǔ (蜀) <a href="/wiki/Pengshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengshan District">Qiánwèi</a> (犍為) Wènshān (汶山) <a href="/wiki/Lushan_County,_Sichuan" title="Lushan County, Sichuan">Hànjiā</a> (漢嘉) <a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Jiāngyáng</a> (江陽) <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Fúlíng</a> (涪陵) <a href="/wiki/Jiangbei_District,_Chongqing" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangbei District, Chongqing">Bā</a> (巴) Bādōng (巴東)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ning (寧)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Xiangyun_County" title="Xiangyun County">Yúnnán</a> (雲南) <a href="/wiki/Yanshan_County,_Yunnan" title="Yanshan County, Yunnan">Xīnggū</a> (興古) <a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Jiànníng</a> (建寧) Yǒngchāng (永昌) <a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhūtí</a> (朱提) <a href="/wiki/Xichang" title="Xichang">Yuèguī</a> (越巂) <a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Zāngkē</a> (牂柯) (晉寧) <a href="/wiki/Jinning_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinning District">Yìzhōu</a> (益州) <a href="/wiki/Renhuai" title="Renhuai">Píngyí</a> (平夷) <a href="/wiki/Guanling_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Guanling Buyei and Miao Autonomous County">Yèláng</a> (夜郎) <a href="/wiki/Dali_City" title="Dali City">Héyáng</a> (河陽)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Qing (青)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Linzi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Linzi District">Qí</a> (齊) <a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District">Jǐ'nán</a> (濟南) <a href="/wiki/Shouguang" title="Shouguang">Běihǎi</a> (北海) <a href="/wiki/Gaoqing_County" title="Gaoqing County">Lèān</a> (樂安) Chéngyáng (城陽) <a href="/wiki/Longkou" title="Longkou">Dōnglái</a> (東萊) <a href="/wiki/Laiyang" title="Laiyang">Chángguǎng</a> (長廣) <a href="/wiki/Zhucheng" title="Zhucheng">Píngchāng</a> (平昌) <a href="/wiki/Gaomi" title="Gaomi">Gāomì</a> (高密) Zhuàngwǔ (壯武)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Xu (徐)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Péngchéng</a> (彭城) <a href="/wiki/Suining_County,_Jiangsu" title="Suining County, Jiangsu">Xiàpī</a> (下邳) <a href="/wiki/Tancheng_County" title="Tancheng County">Dōnghǎi</a> (東海) <a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Lángyá</a> (琅邪) <a href="/wiki/Yishui_County" title="Yishui County">Dōngguǎn</a> (東莞) <a href="/wiki/Sihong_County" title="Sihong County">Línhuái</a> (臨淮) Guǎnglíng (廣陵) <a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Dōngān</a> (東安) Lánlíng (蘭陵) Huáilíng (淮陵) <a href="/wiki/Luhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luhe District">Tángyì</a> (堂邑)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jing (荊)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou_District,_Wuhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinzhou District, Wuhan">Jiāngxià</a> (江夏) <a href="/wiki/Jiangling_County" title="Jiangling County">Nán</a> (南) <a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiāngyáng</a> (襄陽) Nányáng (南陽) Shùnyáng (順陽) <a href="/wiki/Xichuan_County" title="Xichuan County">Nánxiāng</a> (南鄉) <a href="/wiki/Zaoyang" title="Zaoyang">Yìyáng</a> (義陽) <a href="/wiki/Wushan_County,_Chongqing" title="Wushan County, Chongqing">Jiànpíng</a> (建平) <a href="/wiki/Yidu" title="Yidu">Yídū</a> (宜都) <a href="/wiki/Gong%27an_County" title="Gong'an County">Nánpíng</a> (南平) <a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Wǔlíng</a> (武陵) (武陵) <a href="/wiki/Cili_County" title="Cili County">Tiānmén</a> (天門) <a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suí</a> (隋) <a href="/wiki/Xinye_County" title="Xinye County">Xīnyě</a> (新野) <a href="/wiki/Zhongxiang" title="Zhongxiang">Jìnglíng</a> (竟陵)）<a href="/wiki/Tongcheng_County" title="Tongcheng County">Jiànchāng</a> (建昌) Chéngdū (成都)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yang (揚)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anji_County" title="Anji County">Dānyáng</a> (丹楊) <a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuānchéng</a> (宣城) <a href="/wiki/Shou_County" title="Shou County">Huáinán</a> (淮南) <a href="/wiki/Dantu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dantu District">Lújiāng</a> (廬江) <a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Jìnlíng</a> (晉陵) Pílíng (毗陵) <a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Wú</a> (吳) <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Wúxīng</a> (吳興) Huìjī (會稽) <a href="/wiki/Yiwu" title="Yiwu">Dōngyáng</a> (東陽) <a href="/wiki/Chun%27an_County" title="Chun'an County">Xīn'ān</a> (新安) <a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Línhǎi</a> (臨海) <a href="/wiki/He_County" title="He County">Lìyáng</a> (歷陽) <a href="/wiki/Yixing" title="Yixing">Yìxīng</a> (義興)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jiao (交)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hepu_County" title="Hepu County">Hépǔ</a> (合浦) <a href="/wiki/Jiaozhi" title="Jiaozhi">Jiāozhī</a> (交趾) <a href="/wiki/M%C3%AA_Linh_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mê Linh District">Xīnchāng</a> (新昌) Wǔpíng (武平) <a href="/wiki/Jiuzhen" title="Jiuzhen">Jiǔzhēn</a> (九真) <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Đức Thọ District">Jiǔdé</a> (九德) <a href="/wiki/Rinan" title="Rinan">Rìnán</a> (日南)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guang (廣)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuexiu District">Nánhǎi</a> (南海) <a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Cāngwú</a> (蒼梧) <a href="/wiki/Guiping" title="Guiping">Yùlín</a> (鬱林) <a href="/wiki/Xiangzhou_County" title="Xiangzhou County">Guìlín</a> (桂林) <a href="/wiki/Enping" title="Enping">Gāoliáng</a> (高凉) <a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Gāoxīng</a> (高興) <a href="/wiki/Heng_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Heng County">Níngpǔ</a> (寧浦) <a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Jìnxīng</a> (晋興)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jiang (江)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Yùzhāng</a> (豫章) <a href="/wiki/Poyang_County" title="Poyang County">Póyáng</a> (鄱陽) <a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Lúlíng</a> (廬陵) <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Línchuān</a> (臨川) <a href="/wiki/Nankang_District,_Ganzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Nankang District, Ganzhou">Nánkāng</a> (南康) <a href="/wiki/Jian%27ou" title="Jian'ou">Jiàn'ān</a> (建安) <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Jìn'ān</a> (晉安) <a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Wǔchāng</a> (武昌) <a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Guìyáng</a> (桂陽) <a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Ānchéng</a> (安成) Xúnyáng (尋陽)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Xiang (湘)  </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Chángshā</a> (長沙) | <a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Héngyáng</a> (衡陽) | Xiāngdōng (湘東) | <a href="/wiki/Lingling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingling District">Línglíng</a> (零陵) | <a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shàolíng</a> (邵陵) | <a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Shǐān</a> (始安) | <a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shǐxīng</a> (始興) | <a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Línhè</a> (臨賀)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sixteen_Kingdoms" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:16_Kingdoms" title="Template:16 Kingdoms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:16_Kingdoms" title="Template talk:16 Kingdoms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:16_Kingdoms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:16 Kingdoms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sixteen_Kingdoms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upheaval_of_the_Five_Barbarians" title="Upheaval of the Five Barbarians">Upheaval of the Five Barbarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_of_Yongjia" title="Disaster of Yongjia">Disaster of Yongjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Zhao" title="Later Zhao">Shi Le's conquest of North China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ran_Wei%E2%80%93Later_Zhao_War" title="Ran Wei–Later Zhao War">Wei–Zhao War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Ran_Wei_by_Former_Yan" title="Conquest of Ran Wei by Former Yan">Conquest of Wei by Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huan_Wen%27s_Northern_Expeditions" title="Huan Wen's Northern Expeditions">Huan Wen's Expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Qin" title="Former Qin">Fu Jian's unification of North China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fei_River" title="Battle of Fei River">Battle of Fei River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yu%27s_Northern_Expeditions" title="Liu Yu's Northern Expeditions">Liu Yu's Expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei" title="Northern Wei">Northern Wei's unification of North China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The 16 Kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han-Zhao" title="Han-Zhao">Han-Zhao (304–329)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Liang" title="Northern Liang">Northern Liang (397–460)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xia_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Xia (407–431)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Di_(Five_Barbarians)" title="Di (Five Barbarians)">Di</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheng-Han" title="Cheng-Han">Cheng-Han (304–347)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Qin" title="Former Qin">Former Qin (351–394)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Later Liang (386–403)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Jie_people" title="Jie people">Jie</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Later_Zhao" title="Later Zhao">Later Zhao (319–351)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Former_Yan" title="Former Yan">Former Yan (337–370)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Yan" title="Later Yan">Later Yan (384–409)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Qin" title="Western Qin">Western Qin (385–431)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Southern Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Southern Liang (397–414)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Yan" title="Southern Yan">Southern Yan (398–410)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Qiang_(historical_people)" title="Qiang (historical people)">Qiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Later_Qin" title="Later Qin">Later Qin (384–417)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Former_Liang" title="Former Liang">Former Liang (318–376)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Western Liang (400–421)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Yan" title="Northern Yan">Northern Yan (407–436)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Short-lived</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ran_Wei" title="Ran Wei">Ran Wei (350–352)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duan_Kan" title="Duan Kan">Duan Qi (350–356)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yan" title="Western Yan">Western Yan (384–394)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhai_Wei" title="Zhai Wei">Zhai Wei (388–392)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huan_Xuan" title="Huan Xuan">Huan Chu (403–404)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Zong" title="Qiao Zong">Qiao Shu (405–413)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Tribes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuwen" title="Yuwen">Yuwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duan_tribe" title="Duan tribe">Duan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chouchi" title="Chouchi">Chouchi (296–580)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Dai (310–376)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei" title="Northern Wei">Northern Wei (386–535)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Involved</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jin dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jie_people" title="Jie people">Jie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_(historical_people)" title="Qiang (historical people)">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di_(Five_Barbarians)" title="Di (Five Barbarians)">Di</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingling" title="Dingling">Dingling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key personalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yuan_(Han-Zhao)" title="Liu Yuan (Han-Zhao)">Liu Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Cong_(Han-Zhao)" title="Liu Cong (Han-Zhao)">Liu Cong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Le" title="Shi Le">Shi Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Hu" title="Shi Hu">Shi Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ran_Min" title="Ran Min">Ran Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huan_Wen" title="Huan Wen">Huan Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Jian_(337%E2%80%93385)" title="Fu Jian (337–385)">Fu Jian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Meng_(Former_Qin)" title="Wang Meng (Former Qin)">Wang Meng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Chui" title="Murong Chui">Murong Chui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Xing" title="Yao Xing">Yao Xing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Daowu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei">Tuoba Gui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taiwu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei">Tuoba Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Song" title="Emperor Wu of Song">Liu Yu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Histories of the Era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_Annals_of_the_Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms">Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jin" title="Book of Jin">Book of Jin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Empires" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Empires" title="Template:Empires"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Empires" title="Template talk:Empires"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Empires" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Empires"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Empires" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">Empires</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Colonies_in_antiquity" title="Colonies in antiquity">colonies</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist F" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kingdom of Armenia (disambiguation)">Armenian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satrapy_of_Armenia" title="Satrapy of Armenia">Orontid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Ancient</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Assyrian_Empire" title="Middle Assyrian Empire">Middle Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Babylonian_Empire" title="Old Babylonian Empire">Old Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassites" title="Kassites">Kassite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Empire" title="Chinese Empire">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%CA%BFmt" title="Dʿmt">Dʿmt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsha" title="Harsha">Harsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)#Empire" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Bactrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Huns" title="History of the Huns">Hunnic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hephthalites" title="Hephthalites">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Persian Empire (disambiguation)">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Median_kingdom" title="Median kingdom">Median</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Kush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan</a></li> <li>Magadha <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haryanka_dynasty" title="Haryanka dynasty">Haryanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaishunaga_dynasty" title="Shaishunaga dynasty">Shaishunaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanda Empire">Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunga_Empire" title="Shunga Empire">Shunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthaginian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satavahana_dynasty" title="Satavahana dynasty">Satavahana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Ur" title="Third Dynasty of Ur">Neo-Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate" title="Rouran Khaganate">Rouran</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_history" title="Post-classical history">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist F" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angevin_Empire" title="Angevin Empire">Angevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kingdom of Armenia (disambiguation)">Armenian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagratid_Armenia" title="Bagratid Armenia">Bagratid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Vaspurakan" title="Kingdom of Vaspurakan">Vaspurakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Artsakh" title="Kingdom of Artsakh">Artsakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Cilician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakarid_Armenia" title="Zakarid Armenia">Zakarid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Benin" title="Kingdom of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire#Shift_of_the_Sayfuwa_court_from_Kanem_to_Bornu" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Bornu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Sultanate_(1368%E2%80%931888)" title="Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888)">Bruneian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bulgarian Empire (disambiguation)">Bulgarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Burmese Empire (disambiguation)">Burmese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan Kingdom">First</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calakmul" title="Calakmul">Calakmul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire" title="Western Chalukya Empire">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Chalukyas" title="Eastern Chalukyas">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Empire" title="Chinese Empire">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jīn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chola_Empire" title="Chola Empire">Chola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Aksum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagwe_dynasty" title="Zagwe dynasty">Zagwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Solomonic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garabito_Empire" title="Garabito Empire">Huetar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Struggle" title="Tripartite Struggle">Kannauj</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurjara-Pratihara_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty">Gurjara-Pratihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta Empire">Rashtrakuta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Persian Empire (disambiguation)">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tahirid_dynasty" title="Tahirid dynasty">Tahirid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffarid_dynasty" title="Saffarid dynasty">Saffarid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanid_Empire" title="Samanid Empire">Samanid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty" title="Buyid dynasty">Buyid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_period" title="Yamato period">Yamato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_shogunate" title="Kamakura shogunate">Kamakura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_shogunate" title="Ashikaga shogunate">Muromachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Edo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Kanem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania" title="History of Lithuania">Lithuanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Morocco" title="History of Morocco">Moroccan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idrisid_dynasty" title="Idrisid dynasty">Idrisid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norgesveldet" class="mw-redirect" title="Norgesveldet">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Empire" title="North Sea Empire">North Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo_Empire" title="Oyo Empire">Oyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland" title="History of Poland">Polish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Kingdom of Poland">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenization_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Hellenization in the Byzantine Empire">Hellenic</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Thessalonica" title="Empire of Thessalonica">Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Trebizond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_the_Morea" title="Despotate of the Morea">Morea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Germanic_culture" title="Romano-Germanic culture">Romano-Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singhasari" title="Singhasari">Singhasari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songhai_Empire" title="Songhai Empire">Songhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikal" title="Tikal">Tikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwanaku_Empire" title="Tiwanaku Empire">Tiwanaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toltec_Empire" title="Toltec Empire">Toltec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turco-Persian_tradition" title="Turco-Persian tradition">Turco-Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Great Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarezmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Turkic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Turkic_Khaganate" title="First Turkic Khaganate">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Eastern Turkic Khaganate">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrgesh" title="Türgesh">Türgesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uighur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Khaganate" title="Kyrgyz Khaganate">Kyrgyz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Vietnamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90inh_dynasty" title="Đinh dynasty">Dinh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Early Lê dynasty">Early Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_dynasty" title="Trần dynasty">Tran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_dynasty" title="Hồ dynasty">Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Tr%E1%BA%A7n_dynasty" title="Later Trần dynasty">Later Tran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Later Le</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Empire" title="Ghana Empire">Wagadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wari_Empire" title="Wari Empire">Wari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_era" title="Modern era">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist F" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashanti Empire">Ashanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Burmese Empire (disambiguation)">Burmese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Toungoo_Empire" title="First Toungoo Empire">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Empire" title="Central African Empire">Central African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Empire" title="Chinese Empire">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_China_(1915%E2%80%931916)" title="Empire of China (1915–1916)">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_imperialism" title="Chinese imperialism">Contemporary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haiti" title="History of Haiti">Haitian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Empire_of_Haiti" title="First Empire of Haiti">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_France" title="History of France">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany" title="History of Germany">German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Persian_culture" title="Indo-Persian culture">Indo-Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afsharid_Iran" title="Afsharid Iran">Afsharid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zand_dynasty" title="Zand dynasty">Zand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexico" title="History of Mexico">Mexican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" title="First Mexican Empire">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Yuan" title="Northern Yuan">Mongol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oirat_Confederation" title="Oirat Confederation">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut_Khanate" title="Khoshut Khanate">Khoshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Khanate" title="Kalmyk Khanate">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khanate_of_Mongolia" title="Bogd Khanate of Mongolia">Bogd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Morocco" title="History of Morocco">Moroccan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saadi_Sultanate" title="Saadi Sultanate">Saadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alawi_Sultanate" title="Alawi Sultanate">'Alawi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia" title="History of Russia">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsarist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism#Contemporary_Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Contemporary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Somalia" title="History of Somalia">Somali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaaq_Sultanate" title="Isaaq Sultanate">Isaaq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tu%CA%BBi_Tonga_Empire" title="Tuʻi Tonga Empire">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Vietnamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BA%A1c_dynasty" title="Mạc dynasty">Mạc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Revival Lê dynasty">Revival Lê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_S%C6%A1n_dynasty" title="Tây Sơn dynasty">Tay Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Dainam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Vietnam" title="Empire of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Colonial" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colonial_empire" title="Colonial empire">Colonial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_colonial_empire" title="Belgian colonial empire">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_overseas_possessions" title="English overseas possessions">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Scottish colonization of the Americas">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Empire" title="Chinese Empire">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_overseas_colonies" title="Danish overseas colonies">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonial_empire" title="Dutch colonial empire">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_colonial_empire" title="German colonial empire">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_colonial_empire" title="Japanese colonial empire">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_Empire" title="Omani Empire">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curonian_colonisation" title="Curonian colonisation">Couronian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_overseas_colonies" title="Swedish overseas colonies">Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist F" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_empires" title="List of empires">Empires</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_empires" title="List of largest empires">largest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_great_powers" title="List of ancient great powers">Ancient great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_great_powers" title="List of medieval great powers">Medieval great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_great_powers" title="List of modern great powers">Modern great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_colonialism" title="History of colonialism">European colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_empires" class="mw-redirect" title="African empires">African empires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist F" 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