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href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/taliban/">The Taliban</a></li><li id="menu-item-41949" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41949"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/al-shabaab/">Al Shabaab</a></li><li id="menu-item-41953" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41953"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/houthis/">The Houthis</a></li><li id="menu-item-41950" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41950"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/boko-haram/">Boko Haram</a></li><li id="menu-item-41952" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41952"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/jamaat-ul-ahrar/">Jamaat-ul Ahrar</a></li><li id="menu-item-41948" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41948"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/tehrik-e-taliban-pakistan/">The Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-40669" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40669"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/afghanistan/">Afghanistan</a></li><li id="menu-item-40670" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40670"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-azerbaijan/">Azerbaijan</a></li><li id="menu-item-40672" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40672"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/gaza/">Gaza</a></li><li id="menu-item-40673" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40673"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-india/">India</a></li><li id="menu-item-40674" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40674"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/iraq/">Iraq</a></li><li id="menu-item-40675" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40675"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-israel/">Israel</a></li><li id="menu-item-40676" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40676"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/libya/">Libya</a></li><li id="menu-item-40677" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40677"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-myanmar/">Myanmar</a></li><li id="menu-item-40678" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40678"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/nigeria/">Nigeria</a></li><li id="menu-item-40679" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40679"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/pakistan/">Pakistan</a></li><li id="menu-item-40683" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40683"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-the-philippines/">Philippines</a></li><li id="menu-item-40680" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40680"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/somalia/">Somalia</a></li><li id="menu-item-25032" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25032"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons-news/manufactured-explosive-weapons/reverberating-effects/sri-lanka-case-study/">Sri Lanka</a></li><li id="menu-item-40681" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40681"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-sudan/">Sudan</a></li><li id="menu-item-40682" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40682"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/syria/">Syria</a></li><li id="menu-item-40684" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40684"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/turkey-explosive-weapons/">Turkey</a></li><li id="menu-item-40685" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40685"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/ukraine/">Ukraine</a></li><li id="menu-item-40686" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40686"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/yemen/">Yemen</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-40710" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-40710"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/methodology/">Methodology</a></li><li id="menu-item-42398" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42398"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/explosive-violence-monitor-2023/">2023 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-25872" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25872"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/explosive-violence-monitor-2022/">2022 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-33495" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-33495"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2022/explosive-violence-monitor-2021/">2021 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-30724" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-30724"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2021/explosive-violence-monitor-2020/">2020 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-29226" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29226"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2020/explosive-violence-monitor-2019/">2019 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-42345" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42345"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2019/explosive-violence-monitor-2018/">2018 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-42399" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42399"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2018/explosive-violence-monitor-2017/">2017 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-42404" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42404"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/explosive-violence-monitor-2016/">2016 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-42411" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42411"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/explosive-violence-monitor-2015/">2015 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-12779" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12779"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2015/explosive-violence-monitor-2014/">2014 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-12778" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12778"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2014/explosive-violence-monitor-2013/">2013 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-12783" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12783"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2013/explosive-violence-monitor-2012/">2012 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-12781" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12781"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2012/explosive-violence-monitor-2011/">2011 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-13154" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-13154"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/report-translations/">Translations</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-13477" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13477"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9/">Arabic/العربية</a></li><li id="menu-item-13524" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13524"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/monitoringverslagen-over-explosieven-in-het-nederlands/">Dutch/Nederlands</a></li><li id="menu-item-14974" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14974"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/suomi/">Finnish/Suomi</a></li><li id="menu-item-13530" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13530"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/rapports-sur-la-violence-explosive-en-francais/">French/Français</a></li><li id="menu-item-13420" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13420"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/explosionsmonitor-berichte-auf-deutsch/">German/Deutsch</a></li><li id="menu-item-13475" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13475"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%ce%b5%ce%ba%ce%b8%ce%ad%cf%83%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%82-%cf%80%ce%b1%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%bf%cf%8d%ce%b8%ce%b7%cf%83%ce%b7%cf%82-%ce%b5%ce%ba%cf%81%ce%b7%ce%ba%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae%cf%82/">Greek/ελληνικά</a></li><li id="menu-item-13153" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13153"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%e9%98%bb%e6%ad%a2%e6%ad%a6%e8%a3%9d%e6%9a%b4%e5%8a%9b%e8%a1%8c%e5%8b%95/">Mandarin/中文</a></li><li id="menu-item-29461" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29461"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/key-report-translations/rapporto-sulle-esplosioni-violente-in-italiano/">Italian/Italiano</a></li><li id="menu-item-13531" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13531"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/portugues/">Portuguese/Português</a></li><li id="menu-item-13429" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13429"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/reportes-del-observador-de-explosivos-en-espanol/">Spanish/Español</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-12421" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-12421"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/manufactured-explosive-weapons/">Manufactured explosives</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-31633" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-31633"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/">Manufactured Explosive Weapons explained</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-23178" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-23178"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/air-dropped-bombs-in-yemen/">Air strikes</a></li><li id="menu-item-31637" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31637"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-an-artillery-strike/">Artillery strikes</a></li><li id="menu-item-13949" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13949"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/grad-attack/">Grads</a></li><li id="menu-item-31767" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31767"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-a-grenade-attack/">Grenades</a></li><li id="menu-item-31772" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31772"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-a-landmine-blast/">Landmines</a></li><li id="menu-item-13883" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13883"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/mortar-attacks/">Mortars</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-26504" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-26504"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/impact-of-explosive-violence-on-civilians/">Impact of explosive violence on civilians</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-25695" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25695"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/children-explosive-violence/">Children</a></li><li id="menu-item-25745" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25745"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/environment/">Environment</a></li><li id="menu-item-25459" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-25459"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/gender-and-explosive-violence/">Gender</a></li><li id="menu-item-25747" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25747"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/health/">Health</a></li><li id="menu-item-18799" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-18799"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/refugee-explosion/">Refugees</a></li><li id="menu-item-26547" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-26547"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/victims-rights/">Victims</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-23177" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-23177"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/">Air strikes</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-24864" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-24864"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/air-strikes/air-rules-of-engagement/">Air Rules of Engagement</a></li><li id="menu-item-24551" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-24551"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/air-strikes-and-terror-attacks-examined/">Air strikes and terror attacks examined</a></li><li id="menu-item-16195" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-16195"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/drones/">Drones</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-22461" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-22461"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/reverberating-effects-of-explosive-violence/">Reverberating effects</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-21468" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21468"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2013/syrias-dirty-dozen/">Syria</a></li><li id="menu-item-25031" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25031"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons-news/manufactured-explosive-weapons/reverberating-effects/lebanon-case-study/">Lebanon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-12418" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-8752 current_page_item menu-item-has-children active has-dropdown menu-item-12418"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/" aria-current="page">IEDs</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-21988" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-21988"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2019/aoavs-research-on-improvised-explosive-devices-ieds/">IED types</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-20013" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-20013"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/understanding-rising-cult-suicide-bomber/">Suicide bombings</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-15889" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15889"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/anatomy-of-a-suicide-bombing/">A suicide bombing in Pakistan examined</a></li><li id="menu-item-15777" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15777"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/2013-boston-marathon-bombings-report/">Boston Marathon bombing</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-15891" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15891"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/material-harm/">IED precursors</a></li><li id="menu-item-26508" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-26508"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/impact-of-explosive-violence-on-civilians/">Impact of IEDs on civilians</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-25694" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25694"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/children-explosive-violence/">Children</a></li><li id="menu-item-25744" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25744"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/environment/">Environment</a></li><li id="menu-item-25496" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-25496"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/gender-and-explosive-violence/">Gender</a></li><li id="menu-item-24066" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-24066"><a href="https://donorbox.org/action-on-armed-violence">Please fund us</a></li><li id="menu-item-25746" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25746"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/health/">Health</a></li><li id="menu-item-39625" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-39625"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/refugee-explosion/">Refugees</a></li><li id="menu-item-28460" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28460"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/victims-rights/">Victim assistance</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-21744" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-21744"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/counter-improvised-explosive-devices-c-ied-mapping/">Counter-IED map</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-15838" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15838"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/tracking-ied-harm/">Who is reporting IED harm?</a></li><li id="menu-item-21330" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21330"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/addressing-threat-posed-ieds-national-regional-global-initiatives/">Addressing the threat posed by IEDs</a></li><li id="menu-item-21751" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21751"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/international/">Global C-IED initiatives</a></li><li id="menu-item-21755" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21755"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/military/">Military C-IED units</a></li><li id="menu-item-21758" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21758"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/ngo/">NGO C-IED work</a></li><li id="menu-item-21762" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21762"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/police/">Police C-IED units</a></li><li id="menu-item-21764" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21764"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/private/">Private C-IED organisations</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-15805" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-15805"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/non-state-actor-nsa-use-ieds/">Non-state actor use of IEDs</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-14636" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14636"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/islamic-state/">Explosive violence by Islamic State</a></li><li id="menu-item-15782" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15782"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/boko-haram/">Explosive violence by Boko Haram</a></li><li id="menu-item-15783" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15783"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/taliban/">Explosive violence by the Taliban</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-12798" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-12798"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/guns/">Guns & Knives</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-30410" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-30410"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/police-forces/">Police Forces</a></li><li id="menu-item-40454" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40454"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/police-forces/london-murder-capital/">London: murder capital</a></li><li id="menu-item-34835" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-34835"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/guns/">Gun violence</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-14903" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14903"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/guns/15-mass-shootings-that-changed-the-law/">Mass shootings that changed the law</a></li><li id="menu-item-21500" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-21500"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2014/devils-trade-guns-violence-el-salvador/">Guns in El Salvador</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-33000" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-33000"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/knife-crime/">Knife violence</a></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-21898" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-21898"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/">Militarism examined</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-43885" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-43885"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/the-digital-frontline-disinformation-and-ai-in-modern-warfare/">The Digital Frontline: Disinformation and AI in Modern Warfare</a></li><li id="menu-item-34757" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-34757"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/">UK Special Forces</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-34319" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34319"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/killing-in-the-shadows/">Killing in the Shadows: UKSF extra-judicial murders</a></li><li id="menu-item-34788" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34788"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/uksf-global-operations/">UK Special Forces Global Operations</a></li><li id="menu-item-40004" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40004"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/independent-inquiry-relating-to-afghanistan/">Independent Inquiry relating to Afghanistan</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-35940" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-35940"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/civilian-deaths-from-british-military-action/">Civilian deaths from British military action</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-29303" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-29303"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/deaths-in-the-war-on-terror/">Deaths in the ‘War on Terror’</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-39889" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-39889"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/wikileaks-iraq-war-logs/">Wikileak’s Iraq War Logs</a></li><li id="menu-item-25495" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-25495"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/">Media, militarism and culture</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-38965" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-38965"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/reporting-on-the-war-in-ukraine/">Reporting on the war in Ukraine</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-23215" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-23215"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/">Arms Exports</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-37300" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-37300"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/arms-trade-treaty-examined/">The Arms Trade Treaty</a></li><li id="menu-item-42080" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-42080"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/who-is-arming-israel/">Who is arming Israel?</a></li><li id="menu-item-42167" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-42167"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/bae-systems-examined/">Who does BAE Systems sell to?</a></li><li id="menu-item-36654" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-36654"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/uk-arms-exports-to-countries-of-concern/">UK arms exports to countries of concern</a></li><li id="menu-item-14637" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14637"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/us-department-of-defence-contract-analysis/">US arms exports under scrutiny</a></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-44429" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-44429"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/">War reporting</a></li></ul></section></nav><div id="header-wrap"><div 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menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-41945"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/">Non-state actors</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41951"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/islamic-state/">Islamic State</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41947"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/taliban/">The Taliban</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41949"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/al-shabaab/">Al Shabaab</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41953"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/houthis/">The Houthis</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41950"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/boko-haram/">Boko Haram</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41952"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/jamaat-ul-ahrar/">Jamaat-ul Ahrar</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41948"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/tehrik-e-taliban-pakistan/">The Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40669"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/afghanistan/">Afghanistan</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40670"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-azerbaijan/">Azerbaijan</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40672"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/gaza/">Gaza</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40673"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-india/">India</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40674"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/iraq/">Iraq</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40675"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-israel/">Israel</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40676"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/libya/">Libya</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40677"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-myanmar/">Myanmar</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40678"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/nigeria/">Nigeria</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40679"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/pakistan/">Pakistan</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40683"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-the-philippines/">Philippines</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40680"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/somalia/">Somalia</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25032"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons-news/manufactured-explosive-weapons/reverberating-effects/sri-lanka-case-study/">Sri Lanka</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40681"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-sudan/">Sudan</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40682"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/syria/">Syria</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40684"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/turkey-explosive-weapons/">Turkey</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40685"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/ukraine/">Ukraine</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40686"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/yemen/">Yemen</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-40710"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/methodology/">Methodology</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42398"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/explosive-violence-monitor-2023/">2023 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25872"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/explosive-violence-monitor-2022/">2022 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-33495"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2022/explosive-violence-monitor-2021/">2021 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-30724"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2021/explosive-violence-monitor-2020/">2020 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29226"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2020/explosive-violence-monitor-2019/">2019 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42345"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2019/explosive-violence-monitor-2018/">2018 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42399"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2018/explosive-violence-monitor-2017/">2017 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42404"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/explosive-violence-monitor-2016/">2016 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42411"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/explosive-violence-monitor-2015/">2015 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12779"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2015/explosive-violence-monitor-2014/">2014 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12778"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2014/explosive-violence-monitor-2013/">2013 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12783"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2013/explosive-violence-monitor-2012/">2012 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12781"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2012/explosive-violence-monitor-2011/">2011 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-13154"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/report-translations/">Translations</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13477"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9/">Arabic/العربية</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13524"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/monitoringverslagen-over-explosieven-in-het-nederlands/">Dutch/Nederlands</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14974"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/suomi/">Finnish/Suomi</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13530"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/rapports-sur-la-violence-explosive-en-francais/">French/Français</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13420"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/explosionsmonitor-berichte-auf-deutsch/">German/Deutsch</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13475"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%ce%b5%ce%ba%ce%b8%ce%ad%cf%83%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%82-%cf%80%ce%b1%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%bf%cf%8d%ce%b8%ce%b7%cf%83%ce%b7%cf%82-%ce%b5%ce%ba%cf%81%ce%b7%ce%ba%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae%cf%82/">Greek/ελληνικά</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13153"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%e9%98%bb%e6%ad%a2%e6%ad%a6%e8%a3%9d%e6%9a%b4%e5%8a%9b%e8%a1%8c%e5%8b%95/">Mandarin/中文</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29461"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/key-report-translations/rapporto-sulle-esplosioni-violente-in-italiano/">Italian/Italiano</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13531"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/portugues/">Portuguese/Português</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13429"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/reportes-del-observador-de-explosivos-en-espanol/">Spanish/Español</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-12421"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/manufactured-explosive-weapons/">Manufactured explosives</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-31633"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/">Manufactured Explosive Weapons explained</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-23178"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/air-dropped-bombs-in-yemen/">Air strikes</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31637"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-an-artillery-strike/">Artillery strikes</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13949"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/grad-attack/">Grads</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31767"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-a-grenade-attack/">Grenades</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31772"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-a-landmine-blast/">Landmines</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13883"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/mortar-attacks/">Mortars</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-26504"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/impact-of-explosive-violence-on-civilians/">Impact of explosive violence on civilians</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25695"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/children-explosive-violence/">Children</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25745"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/environment/">Environment</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-25459"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/gender-and-explosive-violence/">Gender</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25747"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/health/">Health</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-18799"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/refugee-explosion/">Refugees</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-26547"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/victims-rights/">Victims</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-23177"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/">Air strikes</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-24864"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/air-strikes/air-rules-of-engagement/">Air Rules of Engagement</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-24551"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/air-strikes-and-terror-attacks-examined/">Air strikes and terror attacks examined</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-16195"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/drones/">Drones</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-22461"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/reverberating-effects-of-explosive-violence/">Reverberating effects</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21468"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2013/syrias-dirty-dozen/">Syria</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25031"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons-news/manufactured-explosive-weapons/reverberating-effects/lebanon-case-study/">Lebanon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-8752 current_page_item menu-item-has-children menu-item-12418"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/" aria-current="page">IEDs</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-21988"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2019/aoavs-research-on-improvised-explosive-devices-ieds/">IED types</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-20013"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/understanding-rising-cult-suicide-bomber/">Suicide bombings</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15889"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/anatomy-of-a-suicide-bombing/">A suicide bombing in Pakistan examined</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15777"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/2013-boston-marathon-bombings-report/">Boston Marathon bombing</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15891"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/material-harm/">IED precursors</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-26508"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/impact-of-explosive-violence-on-civilians/">Impact of IEDs on civilians</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25694"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/children-explosive-violence/">Children</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25744"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/environment/">Environment</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-25496"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/gender-and-explosive-violence/">Gender</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-24066"><a href="https://donorbox.org/action-on-armed-violence">Please fund us</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25746"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/health/">Health</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-39625"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/refugee-explosion/">Refugees</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28460"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/victims-rights/">Victim assistance</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-21744"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/counter-improvised-explosive-devices-c-ied-mapping/">Counter-IED map</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15838"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/tracking-ied-harm/">Who is reporting IED harm?</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21330"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/addressing-threat-posed-ieds-national-regional-global-initiatives/">Addressing the threat posed by IEDs</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21751"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/international/">Global C-IED initiatives</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21755"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/military/">Military C-IED units</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21758"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/ngo/">NGO C-IED work</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21762"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/police/">Police C-IED units</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21764"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/private/">Private C-IED organisations</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-15805"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/non-state-actor-nsa-use-ieds/">Non-state actor use of IEDs</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14636"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/islamic-state/">Explosive violence by Islamic State</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15782"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/boko-haram/">Explosive violence by Boko Haram</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15783"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/taliban/">Explosive violence by the Taliban</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-12798"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/guns/">Guns & Knives</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-30410"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/police-forces/">Police Forces</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40454"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/police-forces/london-murder-capital/">London: murder capital</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-34835"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/guns/">Gun violence</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14903"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/guns/15-mass-shootings-that-changed-the-law/">Mass shootings that changed the law</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-21500"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2014/devils-trade-guns-violence-el-salvador/">Guns in El Salvador</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-33000"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/knife-crime/">Knife violence</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-21898"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/">Militarism examined</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-43885"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/the-digital-frontline-disinformation-and-ai-in-modern-warfare/">The Digital Frontline: Disinformation and AI in Modern Warfare</a></li><li 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menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-35940"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/civilian-deaths-from-british-military-action/">Civilian deaths from British military action</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-29303"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/deaths-in-the-war-on-terror/">Deaths in the ‘War on Terror’</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-39889"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/wikileaks-iraq-war-logs/">Wikileak’s Iraq War Logs</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-25495"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/">Media, militarism and culture</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-38965"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/reporting-on-the-war-in-ukraine/">Reporting on the war in Ukraine</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-23215"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/">Arms Exports</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-37300"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/arms-trade-treaty-examined/">The Arms Trade Treaty</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-42080"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/who-is-arming-israel/">Who is arming Israel?</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-42167"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/bae-systems-examined/">Who does BAE Systems sell to?</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-36654"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/uk-arms-exports-to-countries-of-concern/">UK arms exports to countries of concern</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14637"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/us-department-of-defence-contract-analysis/">US arms exports under scrutiny</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-44429"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/">War reporting</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div></div><div id="wrap"><div id="primary" class="content-area row"><div id="content" class="site-content large-12 columns" role="main"><h2 class="page-title">Improvised Explosive Devices research</h2><div class="intro"><p>AOAV is one of the few charities that has a particular research focus on Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). Please find below our research on a weapon that causes more death and injury than any other explosive weapon group.</p></div><div class="row"><div class="columns large-8"><div id="featured" class="flexslider"><ul class="slides"><li> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2022/how-to-address-the-harms-from-ieds/" title="How to Address the Harms from IEDs"><img src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Screenshot-2022-10-12-at-13.29.52-530x420.jpg" class="attachment-carousel-skinny size-carousel-skinny wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /><div class="inner"><h4 class="title">How to Address the Harms from IEDs</h4><p class="excerpt"><time class="date">12 Oct</time>In this paper, we explore these four recommendations, show evidence that they are at the core of addressing the IED threat and offer ways forward for the EOD community.</p></div> </a></li><li> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2021/the-improvised-explosive-device-and-the-propaganda-of-the-deed/" title="The Improvised Explosive Device and ‘The Propaganda of the Deed’"><img src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/article00_large-640x420.jpg" class="attachment-carousel-skinny size-carousel-skinny wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /><div class="inner"><h4 class="title">The Improvised Explosive Device and ‘The Propaganda of the Deed’</h4><p class="excerpt"><time class="date">13 Dec</time>The IED has proliferated in an increasingly digital world, one vulnerable to both violent propaganda and, when that translates into action, the actual violence of the ‘Propaganda of the Deed’. This report examines how this happened.</p></div> </a></li><li> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2021/the-challenge-ieds-pose-for-the-humanitarian-mine-action-hma-sector/" title="The challenge IEDs pose for the Humanitarian Mine Action (HMA) sector"><img src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/The-challenges-IEDs-pose-for-the-Humanitarian-Mine-Action-HMA-sector-v3-595x420.jpg" class="attachment-carousel-skinny size-carousel-skinny wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /><div class="inner"><h4 class="title">The challenge IEDs pose for the Humanitarian Mine Action (HMA) sector</h4><p class="excerpt"><time class="date">19 Oct</time>Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) have wreaked havoc worldwide, killing and maiming thousands, and spreading fear and disruption to affected communities. Rendering IEDs safe has traditionally been the remit of military explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) personnel, rather than the humanitarian mine action (HMA) sector.</p></div> </a></li><li> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2021/precursor-chemicals-used-in-the-manufacture-of-explosive-compositions-found-within-ieds/" title="An examination of the precursor chemicals found within IEDs"><img src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Screenshot-2021-08-17-at-12.38.19-640x392.jpg" class="attachment-carousel-skinny size-carousel-skinny wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /><div class="inner"><h4 class="title">An examination of the precursor chemicals found within IEDs</h4><p class="excerpt"><time class="date">17 Aug</time>Home Made Explosive (HME) has been used in military and commercial explosive engineering applications for over a millennium, but the last 50 years have seen it metastasize in IEDs.</p></div> </a></li><li> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2020/ieds-past-present-and-future/" title="IEDs: past, present and future"><img src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/8ED73632-15CB-46CD-9C7A-D4E3F7661216-640x420.jpg" class="attachment-carousel-skinny size-carousel-skinny wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /><div class="inner"><h4 class="title">IEDs: past, present and future</h4><p class="excerpt"><time class="date">15 Oct</time>In the last decade 171,732 people were harmed by IEDs - some 48% of all people killed or injured by explosive weapons globally. This paper sets out to give historic and current context to the IED's spread.</p></div> </a></li><li> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2015/new-aoav-investigation-reveals-sources-of-ied-materials-and-how-their-flow-is-being-restricted-globally/" title="‘Material Harm’ – a review of IED components and measures to prevent their spread"><img width="400" height="267" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/stockpile.jpg" class="attachment-carousel-skinny size-carousel-skinny" alt="" decoding="async" /><div class="inner"><h4 class="title">‘Material Harm’ – a review of IED components and measures to prevent their spread</h4><p class="excerpt"><time class="date">8 Apr</time>AOAV looks at the primary components of an IED, analysing the global transfer of materials and attempts to regulate them.</p></div> </a></li><li> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2015/tracking-harm/" title="‘Tracking IED harm’ – Monitoring Improvised Explosive Device use"><img width="640" height="420" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ied-explosion-640x420.jpg" class="attachment-carousel-skinny size-carousel-skinny" alt="" decoding="async" /><div class="inner"><h4 class="title">‘Tracking IED harm’ – Monitoring Improvised Explosive Device use</h4><p class="excerpt"><time class="date">3 Mar</time>AOAV's report considers 18 organisations collecting data on IED harm, highlighting limitations and good practice examples, with a case study on UNAMA in Afghanistan.</p></div> </a></li></ul></div><div class="intro"><p>AOAV’s key IED reports include: <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2022/how-to-address-the-harms-from-ieds/">How to Address the Harms from IEDs</a> (<a href="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/How-to-address-the-harms-from-ieds.pdf">pdf</a>); <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2020/ieds-past-present-and-future/">IEDs: past, present and future</a> (<a href="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IEDs-past-present-and-future.pdf">pdf</a>); <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2021/precursor-chemicals-used-in-the-manufacture-of-explosive-compositions-found-within-ieds">An examination of the precursor chemicals found within IEDs</a> (<a href="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Precursor-chemicals_IEDs-v5.pdf">pdf</a>); <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2021/the-challenge-ieds-pose-for-the-humanitarian-mine-action-hma-sector/">The Challenge IEDs Pose for the Humanitarian Mine Action (HMA) Sector</a> (<a href="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/The-challenges-IEDs-pose-for-the-Humanitarian-Mine-Action-HMA-sector-v4.pdf">pdf</a>) <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2021/the-improvised-explosive-device-and-the-propaganda-of-the-deed/">The Improvised Explosive Device and ‘The Propaganda of the Deed’</a> (<a href="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/The-Improvised-Explosive-Device-and-%E2%80%98The-Propaganda-of-the-Deed.pdf">pdf</a>); <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/counter-improvised-explosive-devices-c-ied-mapping/">Addressing the threat posed by IEDs</a> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Addressing-the-threat-posed-by-IEDs.pdf">(pdf);</a> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/understanding-rising-cult-suicide-bomber/">Understanding the rising cult of the suicide bomber</a> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Understanding-the-rising-cult-of-the-suicide-bomber.pdf">(pdf); </a> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/understanding-regional-transnational-networks-facilitate-ied-use/">Understanding the regional and transnational networks that facilitate IED use;</a> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2015/tracking-harm/">Tracking IED Harm</a> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ied_data.pdf">(pdf)</a>; <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2014/anatomy-of-a-suicide-bombing-moon-market-pakistan/">Anatomy of a Suicide Bombing</a> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Anatomy-of-a-suicide-bombing-Moon-market-Lahore-Pakistan.pdf">(pdf);</a> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2015/new-aoav-investigation-reveals-sources-of-ied-materials-and-how-their-flow-is-being-restricted-globally/">Material Harm</a> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ied_material_lr.pdf">(pdf);</a> and <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2015/blood-streets-boston-reviewing-response-april-2013-marathon-bombings/">Blood on the Streets of Boston</a> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/blood_on_the_streets_of_boston2-2.pdf">(pdf)</a>.</p><div class="shared-counts-wrap after_content style-rounded"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/&display=popup&ref=plugin&src=share_button" title="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="shared-counts-button facebook" data-postid="8752" data-social-network="Facebook" 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class="article"><div class="wrap"><div class="large-3 columns thumb"><div class="inner"> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/summary-of-the-workshop-women-under-fire-understanding-the-gendered-dynamics-of-indiscriminate-attacks/" title="Summary of the workshop: “Women Under Fire: understanding the gendered dynamics of ‘indiscriminate’ attacks”"><img src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/DALL·E-2025-01-22-18.44.43-A-realistic-oil-painting-style-image-featuring-the-silhouette-of-a-Middle-Eastern-woman-in-traditional-clothing-standing-in-the-foreground-with-her-b-340x200.webp" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb wp-post-image" alt="explosive violence, gendered violence, female empowerment, arms trade, indiscriminate attacks, civilian casualties, Gaza, Sudan, policy-making, advocacy, data collection, humanitarian law, AOAV, gender equality, conflict zones, disaggregated data, EVAW, arms transfers, international security, victim profiling, post-conflict reconstruction" decoding="async" /></a> <time class="date">22 Jan</time></div></div><div class="large-9 columns meta"><div class="inner"><h4><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/summary-of-the-workshop-women-under-fire-understanding-the-gendered-dynamics-of-indiscriminate-attacks/" title="Summary of the workshop: “Women Under Fire: understanding the gendered dynamics of ‘indiscriminate’ attacks”">Summary of the workshop: “Women Under Fire: understanding the gendered dynamics of ‘indiscriminate’ attacks”</a></h4><p>A workshop at Birkbeck, University of London, organised by the University of Essex and Action on Armed Violence, examined the gendered dimensions of explosive violence focusing on issues such as targeted attacks, female empowerment, and the role of arms transfers, highlighting the need for gender-sensitive policies and robust data collection to address these challenges.</p></div></div></div></li><li class="article"><div class="wrap"><div class="large-3 columns thumb"><div class="inner"> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/aoavs-report-on-targeting-dual-use-electronic-items/" title="AOAV’s report on… targeting dual-use electronic items"><img src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Screenshot-2024-12-22-at-14.39.21-340x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb wp-post-image" alt="dual-use devices, booby traps, International Humanitarian Law, civilian casualties, Lebanon conflict, proportionality, distinction, healthcare systems, accountability, war crimes, Human Rights Watch, United Nations, Hezbollah, Israel, explosive weapons, ethical concerns, policy recommendations, civilian harm, impunity." decoding="async" /></a> <time class="date">22 Dec</time></div></div><div class="large-9 columns meta"><div class="inner"><h4><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/aoavs-report-on-targeting-dual-use-electronic-items/" title="AOAV’s report on… targeting dual-use electronic items">AOAV’s report on… targeting dual-use electronic items</a></h4><p>The targeting of dual-use electronic devices as explosive booby traps in Lebanon has caused indiscriminate civilian harm, violated International Humanitarian Law (IHL), and underscored the urgent need for accountability and stronger protections against such tactics.</p></div></div></div></li><li class="article"><div class="wrap"><div class="large-3 columns thumb"><div class="inner"> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/explosive-weapons-in-populated-areas-key-questions-and-answers/" title="Explosive weapons in populated areas – key questions and answers"><img src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/gaza-israel-ewpa-340x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb wp-post-image" alt="civilian protection, urban warfare, collateral damage, explosive ordnance, humanitarian crisis, conflict zones, civilian casualties, warfare ethics, infrastructure destruction, psychological trauma, displacement, international law, human rights, non-combatant safety, military tactics," decoding="async" /></a> <time class="date">31 Jan</time></div></div><div class="large-9 columns meta"><div class="inner"><h4><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/explosive-weapons-in-populated-areas-key-questions-and-answers/" title="Explosive weapons in populated areas – key questions and answers">Explosive weapons in populated areas – key questions and answers</a></h4><p>The use of explosive weapons in populated areas causes significant civilian casualties and infrastructure damage, highlighting the urgent need for stronger international standards and political commitment to reduce their use</p></div></div></div></li><li class="article"><div class="wrap"><div class="large-3 columns thumb"><div class="inner"> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/one-year-on-the-shifting-landscape-of-civilian-protection-and-the-dublin-declaration-how-protecting-civilians-from-explosive-weapon-use-in-populated-areas-is-never-more-urgent-than-now/" title="One year on: the shifting landscape of civilian protection and the Dublin Declaration"><img src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_29-1-340x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb wp-post-image" alt="Dublin Declaration, civilian protection, explosive weapons, conflict zones, International Humanitarian Law, Action on Armed Violence, Dr. Iain Overton, humanitarian crisis, war tactics, global conflict, MAG, Oslo meeting, policy implementation." decoding="async" /></a> <time class="date">17 Nov</time></div></div><div class="large-9 columns meta"><div class="inner"><h4><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/one-year-on-the-shifting-landscape-of-civilian-protection-and-the-dublin-declaration-how-protecting-civilians-from-explosive-weapon-use-in-populated-areas-is-never-more-urgent-than-now/" title="One year on: the shifting landscape of civilian protection and the Dublin Declaration">One year on: the shifting landscape of civilian protection and the Dublin Declaration</a></h4><p>How protecting civilians from explosive weapon use in populated areas is never more urgent than now.</p></div></div></div></li><li class="article"><div class="wrap"><div class="large-3 columns thumb"><div class="inner"> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/a-decade-of-mass-civilian-casualty-events-from-improvised-explosive-devices-ieds/" title="A Decade of Mass Civilian Casualty Events from Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs)"><img src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Investigations_underway_after_suicide_bombing_at_Pakistan_mosque_kills_32_1-31_screenshot-340x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb wp-post-image" alt="AOAV, IED impact, civilian casualties, suicide bombings, child casualties, conflict research, global violence, policy change, armed violence, Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Syria, weekend attacks, humanitarian efforts, non-state actors, international cooperation, violence prevention." decoding="async" /></a> <time class="date">9 Nov</time></div></div><div class="large-9 columns meta"><div class="inner"><h4><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/a-decade-of-mass-civilian-casualty-events-from-improvised-explosive-devices-ieds/" title="A Decade of Mass Civilian Casualty Events from Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs)">A Decade of Mass Civilian Casualty Events from Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs)</a></h4><p>AOAV's report documents the profound impact of the 100 deadliest IED attacks over the past decade, indicating a pressing need for global policy change to address the ongoing threat.</p></div></div></div></li></ul></div></div><aside class="columns large-4 sidebar"><div class="year-overview"><h4>Explosive Violence Figures</h4><div class="yearslider"><ul class="slides"><li class="slide"><p class="number">171,732</p><p class="text">casualties from IEDs (Oct 2010 - Sep 2020)</p></li><li class="slide"><p class="number">11,971</p><p class="text">IED incidents (Oct 2010 - Sep 2020)</p></li><li class="slide"><p class="number">48%</p><p class="text">of all people harmed by explosive violence in decade were harmed by IEDs</p></li><li class="slide"><p class="number">80%</p><p class="text">proportion of casualties from IEDs that were civilians</p></li></ul></div></div><p class="updated"> Last updated: 15 Oct <span style="float:right"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/evmp/methodology/">Methodology</a></span></p><div class="most-affected"><h4>Hot Spots</h4><ol class="countries"><li> <a href=""></a></li><li> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/hotspots2/">Ukraine</a></li><li> <a href=""></a></li><li> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/hotspots3/">Sudan</a></li><li> <a href=""></a></li></ol></div><div class="twitter-feed"> <a class="twitter-timeline" href="https://twitter.com/AOAV" data-widget-id="723544564196356096">Tweets by @AOAV</a></div></aside><div class="columns large-12 footer"><section id="publications"><h2 class="section-title">Publications</h2><ul class="large-block-grid-5"><li><div class="publication"> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/summary-of-the-workshop-women-under-fire-understanding-the-gendered-dynamics-of-indiscriminate-attacks/" title="Summary of the workshop: “Women Under Fire: understanding the gendered dynamics of ‘indiscriminate’ attacks”"> <img src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/DALL·E-2025-01-22-18.44.43-A-realistic-oil-painting-style-image-featuring-the-silhouette-of-a-Middle-Eastern-woman-in-traditional-clothing-standing-in-the-foreground-with-her-b-180x220.webp" class="attachment-report-cover size-report-cover wp-post-image" alt="explosive violence, gendered violence, female empowerment, arms trade, indiscriminate attacks, civilian casualties, Gaza, Sudan, policy-making, advocacy, data collection, humanitarian law, AOAV, gender equality, conflict zones, disaggregated data, EVAW, arms transfers, international security, victim profiling, post-conflict reconstruction" decoding="async" /> <time class="date">22 Jan 2025</time> <br> Summary of the workshop: “Women Under Fire: understanding the gendered dynamics of ‘indiscriminate’ attacks” </a></div></li><li><div class="publication"> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/aoavs-report-on-targeting-dual-use-electronic-items/" title="AOAV’s report on… targeting dual-use electronic items"> <img src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Screenshot-2024-12-22-at-14.39.21-180x220.jpg" class="attachment-report-cover size-report-cover wp-post-image" alt="dual-use devices, booby traps, International Humanitarian Law, civilian casualties, Lebanon conflict, proportionality, distinction, healthcare systems, accountability, war crimes, Human Rights Watch, United Nations, Hezbollah, Israel, explosive weapons, ethical concerns, policy recommendations, civilian harm, impunity." decoding="async" /> <time class="date">22 Dec 2024</time> <br> AOAV’s report on… targeting dual-use electronic items </a></div></li><li><div class="publication"> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/is-data-collection-on-explosive-weapons-the-key-to-protecting-civilians/" title="Is data collection on explosive weapons the key to protecting civilians?"> <img src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/ce94095a-616e-42fd-b17d-0495bdabc2aa-180x220.webp" class="attachment-report-cover size-report-cover wp-post-image" alt="explosive weapons, civilian harm, data collection, humanitarian impact, Political Declaration, conflict zones, civilian protection, military accountability, indirect effects, civil society" decoding="async" /> <time class="date">30 Sep 2024</time> <br> Is data collection on explosive weapons the key to protecting civilians? </a></div></li><li><div class="publication"> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/explosive-weapons-in-populated-areas-key-questions-and-answers/" title="Explosive weapons in populated areas – key questions and answers"> <img src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/gaza-israel-ewpa-180x220.jpg" class="attachment-report-cover size-report-cover wp-post-image" alt="civilian protection, urban warfare, collateral damage, explosive ordnance, humanitarian crisis, conflict zones, civilian casualties, warfare ethics, infrastructure destruction, psychological trauma, displacement, international law, human rights, non-combatant safety, military tactics," decoding="async" /> <time class="date">31 Jan 2024</time> <br> Explosive weapons in populated areas – key questions and answers </a></div></li><li><div class="publication"> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/one-year-on-the-shifting-landscape-of-civilian-protection-and-the-dublin-declaration-how-protecting-civilians-from-explosive-weapon-use-in-populated-areas-is-never-more-urgent-than-now/" title="One year on: the shifting landscape of civilian protection and the Dublin Declaration"> <img src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_29-1-180x220.jpg" class="attachment-report-cover size-report-cover wp-post-image" alt="Dublin Declaration, civilian protection, explosive weapons, conflict zones, International Humanitarian Law, Action on Armed Violence, Dr. Iain Overton, humanitarian crisis, war tactics, global conflict, MAG, Oslo meeting, policy implementation." decoding="async" /> <time class="date">17 Nov 2023</time> <br> One year on: the shifting landscape of civilian protection and the Dublin Declaration </a></div></li></ul><a class="button tiny radius" href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/" title="See All">See All</a></section></div></div></div></div> <div id="footer-wrap"><div class="row footer"><div class="large-8 columns"> <p>Action on Armed Violence, 405 Mile End Road, London, E3 4PB. <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/contact/"><i class="icon-map-marker"></i> View map</a>.<br> <i class="icon-phone"></i> <a href="tel:+4407984645145">+44 (0) 7984 645 145</a><br> AOAV is a registered charity. 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