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Monitor</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-41946" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-41946"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/">State actors</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-41955" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41955"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/russian-armed-forces/">Russia</a></li><li id="menu-item-41954" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41954"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/israeli-defense-forces/">Israel</a></li><li id="menu-item-41957" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41957"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/syrian-armed-forces/">Syria</a></li><li 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id="menu-item-41951" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41951"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/islamic-state/">Islamic State</a></li><li id="menu-item-41947" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41947"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/taliban/">The Taliban</a></li><li id="menu-item-41949" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41949"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/al-shabaab/">Al Shabaab</a></li><li id="menu-item-41953" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41953"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/houthis/">The Houthis</a></li><li id="menu-item-41950" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41950"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/boko-haram/">Boko Haram</a></li><li id="menu-item-41952" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41952"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/jamaat-ul-ahrar/">Jamaat-ul Ahrar</a></li><li id="menu-item-41948" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41948"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/tehrik-e-taliban-pakistan/">The Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-40669" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40669"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/afghanistan/">Afghanistan</a></li><li id="menu-item-40670" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40670"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-azerbaijan/">Azerbaijan</a></li><li id="menu-item-40672" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40672"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/gaza/">Gaza</a></li><li id="menu-item-40673" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40673"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-india/">India</a></li><li id="menu-item-40674" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40674"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/iraq/">Iraq</a></li><li id="menu-item-40675" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40675"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-israel/">Israel</a></li><li id="menu-item-40676" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40676"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/libya/">Libya</a></li><li id="menu-item-40677" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40677"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-myanmar/">Myanmar</a></li><li id="menu-item-40678" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40678"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/nigeria/">Nigeria</a></li><li id="menu-item-40679" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40679"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/pakistan/">Pakistan</a></li><li id="menu-item-40683" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40683"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-the-philippines/">Philippines</a></li><li id="menu-item-40680" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40680"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/somalia/">Somalia</a></li><li id="menu-item-25032" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25032"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons-news/manufactured-explosive-weapons/reverberating-effects/sri-lanka-case-study/">Sri Lanka</a></li><li id="menu-item-40681" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40681"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-sudan/">Sudan</a></li><li id="menu-item-40682" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40682"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/syria/">Syria</a></li><li id="menu-item-40684" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40684"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/turkey-explosive-weapons/">Turkey</a></li><li id="menu-item-40685" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40685"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/ukraine/">Ukraine</a></li><li id="menu-item-40686" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40686"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/yemen/">Yemen</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-40710" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-40710"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/methodology/">Methodology</a></li><li id="menu-item-42398" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42398"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/explosive-violence-monitor-2023/">2023 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-25872" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25872"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/explosive-violence-monitor-2022/">2022 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-33495" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-33495"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2022/explosive-violence-monitor-2021/">2021 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-30724" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-30724"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2021/explosive-violence-monitor-2020/">2020 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-29226" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29226"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2020/explosive-violence-monitor-2019/">2019 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-42345" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42345"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2019/explosive-violence-monitor-2018/">2018 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-42399" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42399"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2018/explosive-violence-monitor-2017/">2017 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-42404" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42404"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/explosive-violence-monitor-2016/">2016 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-42411" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42411"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/explosive-violence-monitor-2015/">2015 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-12779" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12779"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2015/explosive-violence-monitor-2014/">2014 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-12778" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12778"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2014/explosive-violence-monitor-2013/">2013 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-12783" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12783"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2013/explosive-violence-monitor-2012/">2012 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-12781" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12781"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2012/explosive-violence-monitor-2011/">2011 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-13154" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-13154"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/report-translations/">Translations</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-13477" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13477"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9/">Arabic/العربية</a></li><li id="menu-item-13524" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13524"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/monitoringverslagen-over-explosieven-in-het-nederlands/">Dutch/Nederlands</a></li><li id="menu-item-14974" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14974"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/suomi/">Finnish/Suomi</a></li><li id="menu-item-13530" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13530"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/rapports-sur-la-violence-explosive-en-francais/">French/Français</a></li><li id="menu-item-13420" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13420"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/explosionsmonitor-berichte-auf-deutsch/">German/Deutsch</a></li><li id="menu-item-13475" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13475"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%ce%b5%ce%ba%ce%b8%ce%ad%cf%83%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%82-%cf%80%ce%b1%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%bf%cf%8d%ce%b8%ce%b7%cf%83%ce%b7%cf%82-%ce%b5%ce%ba%cf%81%ce%b7%ce%ba%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae%cf%82/">Greek/ελληνικά</a></li><li id="menu-item-13153" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13153"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%e9%98%bb%e6%ad%a2%e6%ad%a6%e8%a3%9d%e6%9a%b4%e5%8a%9b%e8%a1%8c%e5%8b%95/">Mandarin/中文</a></li><li id="menu-item-29461" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29461"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/key-report-translations/rapporto-sulle-esplosioni-violente-in-italiano/">Italian/Italiano</a></li><li id="menu-item-13531" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13531"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/portugues/">Portuguese/Português</a></li><li id="menu-item-13429" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13429"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/reportes-del-observador-de-explosivos-en-espanol/">Spanish/Español</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-12421" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-12421"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/manufactured-explosive-weapons/">Manufactured explosives</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-31633" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-31633"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/">Manufactured Explosive Weapons explained</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-23178" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-23178"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/air-dropped-bombs-in-yemen/">Air strikes</a></li><li id="menu-item-31637" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31637"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-an-artillery-strike/">Artillery strikes</a></li><li id="menu-item-13949" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13949"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/grad-attack/">Grads</a></li><li id="menu-item-31767" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31767"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-a-grenade-attack/">Grenades</a></li><li id="menu-item-31772" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31772"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-a-landmine-blast/">Landmines</a></li><li id="menu-item-13883" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13883"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/mortar-attacks/">Mortars</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-26504" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-26504"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/impact-of-explosive-violence-on-civilians/">Impact of explosive violence on civilians</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-25695" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25695"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/children-explosive-violence/">Children</a></li><li id="menu-item-25745" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25745"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/environment/">Environment</a></li><li id="menu-item-25459" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-25459"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/gender-and-explosive-violence/">Gender</a></li><li id="menu-item-25747" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25747"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/health/">Health</a></li><li id="menu-item-18799" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-18799"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/refugee-explosion/">Refugees</a></li><li id="menu-item-26547" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-26547"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/victims-rights/">Victims</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-23177" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-23177"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/">Air strikes</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-24864" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-24864"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/air-strikes/air-rules-of-engagement/">Air Rules of Engagement</a></li><li id="menu-item-24551" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-24551"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/air-strikes-and-terror-attacks-examined/">Air strikes and terror attacks examined</a></li><li id="menu-item-16195" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-16195"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/drones/">Drones</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-22461" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-22461"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/reverberating-effects-of-explosive-violence/">Reverberating effects</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-21468" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21468"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2013/syrias-dirty-dozen/">Syria</a></li><li id="menu-item-25031" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25031"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons-news/manufactured-explosive-weapons/reverberating-effects/lebanon-case-study/">Lebanon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-12418" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-12418"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/">IEDs</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-21988" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-21988"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2019/aoavs-research-on-improvised-explosive-devices-ieds/">IED types</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-20013" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-20013"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/understanding-rising-cult-suicide-bomber/">Suicide bombings</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-15889" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15889"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/anatomy-of-a-suicide-bombing/">A suicide bombing in Pakistan examined</a></li><li id="menu-item-15777" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15777"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/2013-boston-marathon-bombings-report/">Boston Marathon bombing</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-15891" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15891"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/material-harm/">IED precursors</a></li><li id="menu-item-26508" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-26508"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/impact-of-explosive-violence-on-civilians/">Impact of IEDs on civilians</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-25694" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25694"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/children-explosive-violence/">Children</a></li><li id="menu-item-25744" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25744"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/environment/">Environment</a></li><li id="menu-item-25496" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-25496"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/gender-and-explosive-violence/">Gender</a></li><li id="menu-item-24066" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-24066"><a href="https://donorbox.org/action-on-armed-violence">Please fund us</a></li><li id="menu-item-25746" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25746"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/health/">Health</a></li><li id="menu-item-39625" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-39625"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/refugee-explosion/">Refugees</a></li><li id="menu-item-28460" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28460"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/victims-rights/">Victim assistance</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-21744" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-21744"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/counter-improvised-explosive-devices-c-ied-mapping/">Counter-IED map</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-15838" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15838"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/tracking-ied-harm/">Who is reporting IED harm?</a></li><li id="menu-item-21330" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21330"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/addressing-threat-posed-ieds-national-regional-global-initiatives/">Addressing the threat posed by IEDs</a></li><li id="menu-item-21751" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21751"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/international/">Global C-IED initiatives</a></li><li id="menu-item-21755" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21755"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/military/">Military C-IED units</a></li><li id="menu-item-21758" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21758"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/ngo/">NGO C-IED work</a></li><li id="menu-item-21762" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21762"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/police/">Police C-IED units</a></li><li id="menu-item-21764" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21764"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/private/">Private C-IED organisations</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-15805" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-15805"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/non-state-actor-nsa-use-ieds/">Non-state actor use of IEDs</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-14636" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14636"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/islamic-state/">Explosive violence by Islamic State</a></li><li id="menu-item-15782" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15782"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/boko-haram/">Explosive violence by Boko Haram</a></li><li id="menu-item-15783" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15783"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/taliban/">Explosive violence by the Taliban</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-12798" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-12798"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/guns/">Guns & Knives</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-30410" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-30410"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/police-forces/">Police Forces</a></li><li id="menu-item-40454" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40454"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/police-forces/london-murder-capital/">London: murder capital</a></li><li id="menu-item-34835" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-34835"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/guns/">Gun violence</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-14903" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14903"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/guns/15-mass-shootings-that-changed-the-law/">Mass shootings that changed the law</a></li><li id="menu-item-21500" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-21500"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2014/devils-trade-guns-violence-el-salvador/">Guns in El Salvador</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-33000" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-33000"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/knife-crime/">Knife violence</a></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-21898" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-category-ancestor current-menu-ancestor menu-item-has-children active has-dropdown menu-item-21898"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/">Militarism examined</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-43885" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-43885"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/the-digital-frontline-disinformation-and-ai-in-modern-warfare/">The Digital Frontline: Disinformation and AI in Modern Warfare</a></li><li id="menu-item-34757" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-category-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current-category-parent menu-item-has-children active has-dropdown menu-item-34757"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/">UK Special Forces</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-34319" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34319"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/killing-in-the-shadows/">Killing in the Shadows: UKSF extra-judicial murders</a></li><li id="menu-item-34788" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34788"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/uksf-global-operations/">UK Special Forces Global Operations</a></li><li id="menu-item-40004" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-item active menu-item-40004"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/independent-inquiry-relating-to-afghanistan/" aria-current="page">Independent Inquiry relating to Afghanistan</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-35940" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-35940"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/civilian-deaths-from-british-military-action/">Civilian deaths from British military action</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-29303" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-29303"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/deaths-in-the-war-on-terror/">Deaths in the ‘War on Terror’</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-39889" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-39889"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/wikileaks-iraq-war-logs/">Wikileak’s Iraq War Logs</a></li><li id="menu-item-25495" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-25495"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/">Media, militarism and culture</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-38965" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-38965"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/reporting-on-the-war-in-ukraine/">Reporting on the war in Ukraine</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-23215" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-23215"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/">Arms Exports</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-37300" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-37300"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/arms-trade-treaty-examined/">The Arms Trade Treaty</a></li><li id="menu-item-42080" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-42080"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/who-is-arming-israel/">Who is arming Israel?</a></li><li id="menu-item-42167" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-42167"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/bae-systems-examined/">Who does BAE Systems sell to?</a></li><li id="menu-item-36654" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-36654"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/uk-arms-exports-to-countries-of-concern/">UK arms exports to countries of concern</a></li><li id="menu-item-14637" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14637"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/us-department-of-defence-contract-analysis/">US arms exports under scrutiny</a></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-44429" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-44429"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/">War reporting</a></li></ul></section></nav><div id="header-wrap"><div class="row"><header role="banner" class="site-header small-12 columns" id="masthead"><div class="title-area"><p class="site-title"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk" rel="home">AOAV</a></p></div><div class="hide-for-small search"><form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" action="https://aoav.org.uk/"> <input id="search_input" type="text" placeholder="Search AOAV..." name="s"> <button title="Search" class="icon-search" value="search" type="submit" 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class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41959"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/us-led-coalition/">US-led coalition</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41960"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/myanmar-military/">Myanmar</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-41945"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/">Non-state actors</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41951"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/islamic-state/">Islamic State</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41947"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/taliban/">The Taliban</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41949"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/al-shabaab/">Al Shabaab</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41953"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/houthis/">The Houthis</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41950"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/boko-haram/">Boko Haram</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41952"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/jamaat-ul-ahrar/">Jamaat-ul Ahrar</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41948"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/tehrik-e-taliban-pakistan/">The Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40669"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/afghanistan/">Afghanistan</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40670"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-azerbaijan/">Azerbaijan</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40672"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/gaza/">Gaza</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40673"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-india/">India</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40674"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/iraq/">Iraq</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40675"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-israel/">Israel</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40676"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/libya/">Libya</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40677"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-myanmar/">Myanmar</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40678"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/nigeria/">Nigeria</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40679"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/pakistan/">Pakistan</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40683"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-the-philippines/">Philippines</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40680"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/somalia/">Somalia</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25032"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons-news/manufactured-explosive-weapons/reverberating-effects/sri-lanka-case-study/">Sri Lanka</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40681"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-sudan/">Sudan</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40682"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/syria/">Syria</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40684"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/turkey-explosive-weapons/">Turkey</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40685"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/ukraine/">Ukraine</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40686"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/yemen/">Yemen</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-40710"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/methodology/">Methodology</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42398"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/explosive-violence-monitor-2023/">2023 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25872"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/explosive-violence-monitor-2022/">2022 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-33495"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2022/explosive-violence-monitor-2021/">2021 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-30724"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2021/explosive-violence-monitor-2020/">2020 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29226"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2020/explosive-violence-monitor-2019/">2019 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42345"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2019/explosive-violence-monitor-2018/">2018 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42399"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2018/explosive-violence-monitor-2017/">2017 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42404"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/explosive-violence-monitor-2016/">2016 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42411"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/explosive-violence-monitor-2015/">2015 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12779"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2015/explosive-violence-monitor-2014/">2014 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12778"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2014/explosive-violence-monitor-2013/">2013 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12783"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2013/explosive-violence-monitor-2012/">2012 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12781"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2012/explosive-violence-monitor-2011/">2011 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-13154"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/report-translations/">Translations</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13477"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9/">Arabic/العربية</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13524"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/monitoringverslagen-over-explosieven-in-het-nederlands/">Dutch/Nederlands</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14974"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/suomi/">Finnish/Suomi</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13530"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/rapports-sur-la-violence-explosive-en-francais/">French/Français</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13420"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/explosionsmonitor-berichte-auf-deutsch/">German/Deutsch</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13475"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%ce%b5%ce%ba%ce%b8%ce%ad%cf%83%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%82-%cf%80%ce%b1%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%bf%cf%8d%ce%b8%ce%b7%cf%83%ce%b7%cf%82-%ce%b5%ce%ba%cf%81%ce%b7%ce%ba%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae%cf%82/">Greek/ελληνικά</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13153"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%e9%98%bb%e6%ad%a2%e6%ad%a6%e8%a3%9d%e6%9a%b4%e5%8a%9b%e8%a1%8c%e5%8b%95/">Mandarin/中文</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29461"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/key-report-translations/rapporto-sulle-esplosioni-violente-in-italiano/">Italian/Italiano</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13531"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/portugues/">Portuguese/Português</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13429"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/reportes-del-observador-de-explosivos-en-espanol/">Spanish/Español</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-12421"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/manufactured-explosive-weapons/">Manufactured explosives</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-31633"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/">Manufactured Explosive Weapons explained</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-23178"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/air-dropped-bombs-in-yemen/">Air strikes</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31637"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-an-artillery-strike/">Artillery strikes</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13949"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/grad-attack/">Grads</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31767"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-a-grenade-attack/">Grenades</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31772"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-a-landmine-blast/">Landmines</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13883"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/mortar-attacks/">Mortars</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-26504"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/impact-of-explosive-violence-on-civilians/">Impact of explosive violence on civilians</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25695"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/children-explosive-violence/">Children</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25745"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/environment/">Environment</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-25459"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/gender-and-explosive-violence/">Gender</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25747"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/health/">Health</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-18799"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/refugee-explosion/">Refugees</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-26547"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/victims-rights/">Victims</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-23177"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/">Air strikes</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-24864"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/air-strikes/air-rules-of-engagement/">Air Rules of Engagement</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-24551"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/air-strikes-and-terror-attacks-examined/">Air strikes and terror attacks examined</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-16195"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/drones/">Drones</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-22461"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/reverberating-effects-of-explosive-violence/">Reverberating effects</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21468"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2013/syrias-dirty-dozen/">Syria</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25031"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons-news/manufactured-explosive-weapons/reverberating-effects/lebanon-case-study/">Lebanon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-12418"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/">IEDs</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-21988"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2019/aoavs-research-on-improvised-explosive-devices-ieds/">IED types</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-20013"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/understanding-rising-cult-suicide-bomber/">Suicide bombings</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15889"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/anatomy-of-a-suicide-bombing/">A suicide bombing in Pakistan examined</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15777"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/2013-boston-marathon-bombings-report/">Boston Marathon bombing</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15891"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/material-harm/">IED precursors</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-26508"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/impact-of-explosive-violence-on-civilians/">Impact of IEDs on civilians</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25694"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/children-explosive-violence/">Children</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25744"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/environment/">Environment</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-25496"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/gender-and-explosive-violence/">Gender</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-24066"><a href="https://donorbox.org/action-on-armed-violence">Please fund us</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25746"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/health/">Health</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-39625"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/refugee-explosion/">Refugees</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28460"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/victims-rights/">Victim assistance</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-21744"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/counter-improvised-explosive-devices-c-ied-mapping/">Counter-IED map</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15838"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/tracking-ied-harm/">Who is reporting IED harm?</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21330"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/addressing-threat-posed-ieds-national-regional-global-initiatives/">Addressing the threat posed by IEDs</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21751"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/international/">Global C-IED initiatives</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21755"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/military/">Military C-IED units</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21758"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/ngo/">NGO C-IED work</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21762"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/police/">Police C-IED units</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21764"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/private/">Private C-IED organisations</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-15805"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/non-state-actor-nsa-use-ieds/">Non-state actor use of IEDs</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14636"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/islamic-state/">Explosive violence by Islamic State</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15782"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/boko-haram/">Explosive violence by Boko Haram</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15783"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/taliban/">Explosive violence by the Taliban</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-12798"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/guns/">Guns & Knives</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-30410"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/police-forces/">Police Forces</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40454"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/police-forces/london-murder-capital/">London: murder capital</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-34835"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/guns/">Gun violence</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14903"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/guns/15-mass-shootings-that-changed-the-law/">Mass shootings that changed the law</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-21500"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2014/devils-trade-guns-violence-el-salvador/">Guns in El Salvador</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-33000"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/knife-crime/">Knife violence</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-category-ancestor current-menu-ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-21898"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/">Militarism examined</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-43885"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/the-digital-frontline-disinformation-and-ai-in-modern-warfare/">The Digital Frontline: Disinformation and AI in Modern Warfare</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-category-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current-category-parent 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Systems sell to?</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-36654"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/uk-arms-exports-to-countries-of-concern/">UK arms exports to countries of concern</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14637"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/us-department-of-defence-contract-analysis/">US arms exports under scrutiny</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-44429"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/">War reporting</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div></div><div id="wrap"><div id="primary" class="content-area row"><div id="content" class="site-content large-12 columns" role="main"><p id="breadcrumbs"><span><span><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/">Home</a></span> / <span><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/">Militarism examined</a></span> / <span><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/">UK Special Forces</a></span></span></p><header class="category-header"><h1 class="title">Independent Inquiry relating to Afghanistan</h1><p class="category-meta">This page covers AOAV’s reporting on the Independent Inquiry investigating matters arising from the deployment of British Special Forces to Afghanistan from mid-2010 to mid-2013</p></header><ul id="infinite" class="large-block-grid-3 article-list post-list"><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/the-war-on-law-are-some-in-britains-military-waging-a-fightback-against-accountability/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/DALL·E-2025-02-18-23.36.04-A-conceptual-illustration-of-a-gavel-with-a-British-DPM-Disruptive-Pattern-Material-camouflage-texture-symbolizing-the-intersection-of-military-jus-340x200.webp" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /><div class="date">19 Feb 2025</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">The War on Law: are some in Britain’s military waging a fightback against accountability?</h4><p class="excerpt">Legal battles over military actions, such as the SAS rulings in Northern Ireland, raise tensions between justice and armed forces' morale.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/british-special-forces-rejection-of-2000-afghan-commandos-asylum-claims-raises-questions-about-institutional-cover-up/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Screenshot-2025-02-17-at-17.14.02-340x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="Here is the charcoal sketch of an Afghan Special Forces soldier standing on a rugged hillside in Afghanistan" decoding="async" /><div class="date">17 Feb 2025</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">British Special Forces’ rejection of 2,000 Afghan Commandos’ asylum claims raises questions about institutional cover-up</h4><p class="excerpt">The UK’s rejection of asylum claims from over 2,000 Afghan commandos who fought alongside British Special Forces raises serious questions about whether the military is engaging in an institutional cover-up to prevent testimonies about alleged war crimes in Afghanistan.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/mod-seeks-to-block-publication-of-key-afghanistan-inquiry-evidence/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/tile-social-340x200.png" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="Afghanistan Inquiry, MoD, UK Special Forces, War Crimes, Transparency, National Security, Royal Military Police, Operations Northmoor and Cestro, Military Accountability, Human Rights" decoding="async" /><div class="date">12 Feb 2025</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">MoD seeks to block publication of key Afghanistan Inquiry evidence</h4><p class="excerpt">The Ministry of Defence (MoD) has sought to block the publication of key documents from the Afghanistan inquiry, citing national security concerns and the need to protect UK Special Forces personnel.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/mod-challenges-publication-of-key-sas-inquiry-evidence-over-anonymity-concerns/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/6551a390-cd33-11ef-b4d0-4da3e3ebfd74.png-340x200.webp" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="" decoding="async" /><div class="date">29 Jan 2025</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">MoD challenges publication of key SAS inquiry evidence over anonymity concerns</h4><p class="excerpt">The Ministry of Defence has requested a delay in publishing key evidence in the Afghanistan war crimes inquiry, citing witness anonymity concerns, raising further questions about transparency and accountability.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/inquiry-told-closure-of-sas-investigation-into-afghan-war-crimes-was-premature/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/DALL·E-2025-01-28-00.44.40-A-charcoal-sketch-style-depiction-of-a-silhouetted-SAS-soldier-in-Afghanistan-standing-alone-against-a-barren-and-rugged-landscape-with-distant-mount-340x200.webp" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="SAS, Afghanistan, war crimes, Royal Military Police, Operation Northmoor, accountability, human rights, Action on Armed Violence, Iain Overton, military investigations" decoding="async" /><div class="date">28 Jan 2025</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">Inquiry told closure of SAS investigation into Afghan war crimes was premature</h4><p class="excerpt">The premature closure of a Royal Military Police investigation into alleged SAS war crimes in Afghanistan has been criticised for missing key evidence and obstructing justice, highlighting serious failings in accountability.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/uk-special-forces-inquiry-and-the-british-press-restriction-orders-and-accountability-examined/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/aabbde1b-bc27-412b-bc5c-bcd207937d5e-340x200.webp" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="UK Special Forces, Afghanistan inquiry, unlawful killings, transparency, national security, Restriction Orders, press freedom, public accountability, SAS, SBS, Royal Military Police, public trust, Inquiries Act 2005, open justice, media criticism, institutional culture, investigative journalism, public interest." decoding="async" /><div class="date">13 Jan 2025</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">UK Special Forces inquiry and the British press: restriction orders and accountability examined</h4><p class="excerpt">The Independent Inquiry Relating to Afghanistan, led by Lord Justice Haddon-Cave, faces criticism over Restriction Orders limiting transparency, as it navigates the tension between safeguarding national security and fostering public accountability while investigating allegations of unlawful killings by UK Special Forces.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/from-heroes-to-controversy-the-uks-special-forces-in-crisis/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/DALL·E-2025-01-09-12.49.30-A-minimalist-and-atmospheric-illustration-of-a-silhouetted-Special-Forces-soldier-standing-on-the-Brecon-Beacons-backlit-by-a-moody-and-dramatic-sky--340x200.webp" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="Special Forces, SAS, SBS, British military, war crimes, Afghanistan, Syria, Libya, misconduct, transparency, accountability, reform, military justice, public inquiry, heroism, scandal." decoding="async" /><div class="date">9 Jan 2025</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">From heroes to controversy: the UK’s Special Forces in crisis</h4><p class="excerpt">Britain’s Special Forces face unprecedented scrutiny as allegations of war crimes, misconduct, and systemic failings threaten to tarnish their historic legacy of honour and professionalism.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/uk-special-forces-face-murder-investigation-over-libya-operation-amidst-wider-concerns-of-past-conduct/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/93802821-14256609-The_incident_being_investigated_by_military_police_occurred_as_p-a-4_1736198553463-340x200.avif" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="UK special forces, Libya operation, SBS investigation, covert missions, military accountability, Defence Serious Crimes Unit, international law, human rights, military ethics, Iain Overton, AOAV." decoding="async" /><div class="date">9 Jan 2025</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">UK special forces face murder investigation over Libya operation amidst wider concerns of past conduct</h4><p class="excerpt">UK special forces face scrutiny as an investigation probes the alleged unlawful killing of a suspect during a covert Libya operation.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/a-golden-pass-to-get-away-with-murder-british-soldier-n2107-alleges-systemic-failures-in-uk-special-forces/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Screenshot-2025-01-08-at-19.13.32-340x200.png" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="" decoding="async" /><div class="date">8 Jan 2025</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">“A golden pass to get away with murder”: British soldier N2107 alleges systemic failures in UK Special Forces</h4><p class="excerpt">Testimony from N2107 to the Independent Afghanistan Inquiry revealed allegations of extrajudicial killings by UKSF1, fabricated evidence, leadership failures, and a "golden pass" culture that allowed misconduct to persist unchecked during operations in Afghanistan.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/senior-uk-officer-n1785s-testimony-reveals-special-forces-leadership-failures-and-fabricated-evidence-in-afghanistan/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Screenshot-2025-01-08-at-11.17.36-1-340x200.png" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="SAS, UK Special Forces, Independent Afghanistan Inquiry, extrajudicial killings, fabricated evidence, systemic failures, military misconduct, code of silence, accountability, Afghanistan conflict, human rights violations, UK military leadership." decoding="async" /><div class="date">8 Jan 2025</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">Senior UK officer N1785’s testimony reveals Special Forces leadership failures and fabricated evidence in Afghanistan</h4><p class="excerpt">Testimony from senior officer N1785 to the Independent Afghanistan Inquiry revealed systemic failures within the SAS, including extrajudicial killings, fabricated evidence, and a pervasive "code of silence" that protected misconduct during operations in Afghanistan from 2010 to 2013.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/specialforces-whistleblower-n1799-reveals-flat-packing-killings-the-murder-of-children-and-cover-ups-in-afghanistan/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Screenshot-2025-01-08-at-10.13.20-1-340x200.png" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="extrajudicial killings, SAS, UK Special Forces, Independent Afghanistan Inquiry, whistleblower testimony, fabricated evidence, Mr Wolf operations, flat packing, culture of impunity, systemic failures, international humanitarian law, leadership accountability, Royal Military Police, Afghanistan conflict, UK military misconduct." decoding="async" /><div class="date">8 Jan 2025</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">Special Forces whistleblower N1799 reveals ‘flat packing’ killings, the shootings of children and cover-ups in Afghanistan</h4><p class="excerpt">Testimony from whistleblower N1799 to the UK's Independent Afghanistan Inquiry revealed harrowing details of extrajudicial killings by UK Special Forces, the fabrication of evidence to cover up these acts, and a pervasive culture of secrecy and impunity that allowed these unlawful practices to persist unchecked.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/specialforces-had-golden-pass-to-get-away-with-murder-uk-inquiry-reveals-shocking-evidence-of-war-crimes-in-afghanistan/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/91cf0386-93dd-4825-969b-5e9f584268ed_2676x1298-1-340x200.webp" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="Afghanistan Inquiry, UK Special Forces, SAS, extrajudicial killings, military cover-up, Lord Justice Haddon-Cave, human rights, war crimes, Ministry of Defence, accountability, fabricated evidence, Operation Northmoor" decoding="async" /><div class="date">8 Jan 2025</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">Special Forces had “golden pass to get away with murder”: UK inquiry reveals shocking evidence of war crimes in Afghanistan</h4><p class="excerpt">Newly published revelations from the Independent Afghanistan Inquiry have exposed damning evidence of extrajudicial killings, fabricated reports, and systemic cover-ups by UK Special Forces, sparking calls for accountability.</p></div></a></li></ul><div id="page-nav"> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/independent-inquiry-relating-to-afghanistan/page/2/" ></a></div></div></div></div> <div id="footer-wrap"><div class="row footer"><div class="large-8 columns"> <p>Action on Armed Violence, 405 Mile End Road, London, E3 4PB. <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/contact/"><i class="icon-map-marker"></i> View map</a>.<br> <i class="icon-phone"></i> <a href="tel:+4407984645145">+44 (0) 7984 645 145</a><br> AOAV is a registered charity. 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