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Explosive violence by state actors - AOAV

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href="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/themes/aoav2013/img/apple-touch-icon.png"> <!-- Fonts --></head><body class="archive category category-state-actors category-6280"><nav class="top-bar show-for-small"><ul class="title-area"><li class="name"><h1><a href="https://aoav.org.uk">AOAV.org.uk</a></h1></li><li class="toggle-topbar menu-icon"><a href="#"><span></span></a></li></ul><section class="top-bar-section"><ul id="menu-aoav" class="top-bar-menu right"><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-14789" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-14789"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/acting-on-weapons/key-work/">What we do</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-28485" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-28485"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/allreports/">All our reports</a></li><li id="menu-item-14773" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive 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menu-item-object-custom current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children active has-dropdown menu-item-33494"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/">AOAV&#8217;s Explosive Violence Monitor</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-41946" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-item menu-item-has-children active has-dropdown menu-item-41946"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/" aria-current="page">State actors</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-41955" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41955"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/russian-armed-forces/">Russia</a></li><li id="menu-item-41954" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41954"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/israeli-defense-forces/">Israel</a></li><li id="menu-item-41957" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41957"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/syrian-armed-forces/">Syria</a></li><li id="menu-item-41956" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41956"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/saudi-led-coalition/">Saudi-led coalition</a></li><li id="menu-item-41959" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41959"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/us-led-coalition/">US-led coalition</a></li><li id="menu-item-41960" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41960"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/myanmar-military/">Myanmar</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-41945" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-41945"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/">Non-state actors</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-41951" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41951"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/islamic-state/">Islamic State</a></li><li id="menu-item-41947" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41947"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/taliban/">The Taliban</a></li><li id="menu-item-41949" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41949"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/al-shabaab/">Al Shabaab</a></li><li id="menu-item-41953" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41953"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/houthis/">The Houthis</a></li><li id="menu-item-41950" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41950"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/boko-haram/">Boko Haram</a></li><li id="menu-item-41952" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41952"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/jamaat-ul-ahrar/">Jamaat-ul Ahrar</a></li><li id="menu-item-41948" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41948"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/tehrik-e-taliban-pakistan/">The Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-40669" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40669"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/afghanistan/">Afghanistan</a></li><li id="menu-item-40670" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40670"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-azerbaijan/">Azerbaijan</a></li><li id="menu-item-40672" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40672"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/gaza/">Gaza</a></li><li id="menu-item-40673" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40673"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-india/">India</a></li><li id="menu-item-40674" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40674"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/iraq/">Iraq</a></li><li id="menu-item-40675" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40675"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-israel/">Israel</a></li><li id="menu-item-40676" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40676"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/libya/">Libya</a></li><li id="menu-item-40677" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40677"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-myanmar/">Myanmar</a></li><li id="menu-item-40678" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40678"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/nigeria/">Nigeria</a></li><li id="menu-item-40679" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40679"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/pakistan/">Pakistan</a></li><li id="menu-item-40683" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40683"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-the-philippines/">Philippines</a></li><li id="menu-item-40680" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40680"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/somalia/">Somalia</a></li><li id="menu-item-25032" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25032"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons-news/manufactured-explosive-weapons/reverberating-effects/sri-lanka-case-study/">Sri Lanka</a></li><li id="menu-item-40681" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40681"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-sudan/">Sudan</a></li><li id="menu-item-40682" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40682"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/syria/">Syria</a></li><li id="menu-item-40684" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40684"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/turkey-explosive-weapons/">Turkey</a></li><li id="menu-item-40685" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40685"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/ukraine/">Ukraine</a></li><li id="menu-item-40686" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40686"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/yemen/">Yemen</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-40710" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-40710"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/methodology/">Methodology</a></li><li id="menu-item-42398" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42398"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/explosive-violence-monitor-2023/">2023 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-25872" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25872"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/explosive-violence-monitor-2022/">2022 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-33495" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-33495"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2022/explosive-violence-monitor-2021/">2021 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-30724" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-30724"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2021/explosive-violence-monitor-2020/">2020 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-29226" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29226"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2020/explosive-violence-monitor-2019/">2019 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-42345" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42345"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2019/explosive-violence-monitor-2018/">2018 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-42399" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42399"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2018/explosive-violence-monitor-2017/">2017 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-42404" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42404"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/explosive-violence-monitor-2016/">2016 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-42411" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42411"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/explosive-violence-monitor-2015/">2015 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-12779" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12779"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2015/explosive-violence-monitor-2014/">2014 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-12778" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12778"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2014/explosive-violence-monitor-2013/">2013 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-12783" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12783"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2013/explosive-violence-monitor-2012/">2012 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-12781" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12781"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2012/explosive-violence-monitor-2011/">2011 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-13154" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-13154"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/report-translations/">Translations</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-13477" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13477"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9/">Arabic/العربية</a></li><li id="menu-item-13524" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13524"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/monitoringverslagen-over-explosieven-in-het-nederlands/">Dutch/Nederlands</a></li><li id="menu-item-14974" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14974"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/suomi/">Finnish/Suomi</a></li><li id="menu-item-13530" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13530"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/rapports-sur-la-violence-explosive-en-francais/">French/Français</a></li><li id="menu-item-13420" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13420"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/explosionsmonitor-berichte-auf-deutsch/">German/Deutsch</a></li><li id="menu-item-13475" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13475"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%ce%b5%ce%ba%ce%b8%ce%ad%cf%83%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%82-%cf%80%ce%b1%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%bf%cf%8d%ce%b8%ce%b7%cf%83%ce%b7%cf%82-%ce%b5%ce%ba%cf%81%ce%b7%ce%ba%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae%cf%82/">Greek/ελληνικά</a></li><li id="menu-item-13153" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13153"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%e9%98%bb%e6%ad%a2%e6%ad%a6%e8%a3%9d%e6%9a%b4%e5%8a%9b%e8%a1%8c%e5%8b%95/">Mandarin/中文</a></li><li id="menu-item-29461" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29461"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/key-report-translations/rapporto-sulle-esplosioni-violente-in-italiano/">Italian/Italiano</a></li><li id="menu-item-13531" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13531"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/portugues/">Portuguese/Português</a></li><li id="menu-item-13429" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13429"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/reportes-del-observador-de-explosivos-en-espanol/">Spanish/Español</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-12421" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-12421"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/manufactured-explosive-weapons/">Manufactured explosives</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-31633" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-31633"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/">Manufactured Explosive Weapons explained</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-23178" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-23178"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/air-dropped-bombs-in-yemen/">Air strikes</a></li><li id="menu-item-31637" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31637"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-an-artillery-strike/">Artillery strikes</a></li><li id="menu-item-13949" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13949"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/grad-attack/">Grads</a></li><li id="menu-item-31767" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31767"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-a-grenade-attack/">Grenades</a></li><li id="menu-item-31772" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31772"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-a-landmine-blast/">Landmines</a></li><li id="menu-item-13883" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13883"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/mortar-attacks/">Mortars</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-26504" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-26504"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/impact-of-explosive-violence-on-civilians/">Impact of explosive violence on civilians</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-25695" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25695"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/children-explosive-violence/">Children</a></li><li id="menu-item-25745" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25745"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/environment/">Environment</a></li><li id="menu-item-25459" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-25459"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/gender-and-explosive-violence/">Gender</a></li><li id="menu-item-25747" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25747"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/health/">Health</a></li><li id="menu-item-18799" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-18799"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/refugee-explosion/">Refugees</a></li><li id="menu-item-26547" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-26547"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/victims-rights/">Victims</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-23177" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-23177"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/">Air strikes</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-24864" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-24864"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/air-strikes/air-rules-of-engagement/">Air Rules of Engagement</a></li><li id="menu-item-24551" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-24551"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/air-strikes-and-terror-attacks-examined/">Air strikes and terror attacks examined</a></li><li id="menu-item-16195" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-16195"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/drones/">Drones</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-22461" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-22461"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/reverberating-effects-of-explosive-violence/">Reverberating effects</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-21468" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21468"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2013/syrias-dirty-dozen/">Syria</a></li><li id="menu-item-25031" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25031"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons-news/manufactured-explosive-weapons/reverberating-effects/lebanon-case-study/">Lebanon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-12418" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-12418"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/">IEDs</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-21988" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-21988"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2019/aoavs-research-on-improvised-explosive-devices-ieds/">IED types</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-20013" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-20013"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/understanding-rising-cult-suicide-bomber/">Suicide bombings</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-15889" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15889"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/anatomy-of-a-suicide-bombing/">A suicide bombing in Pakistan examined</a></li><li id="menu-item-15777" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15777"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/2013-boston-marathon-bombings-report/">Boston Marathon bombing</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-15891" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15891"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/material-harm/">IED precursors</a></li><li id="menu-item-26508" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-26508"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/impact-of-explosive-violence-on-civilians/">Impact of IEDs on civilians</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-25694" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25694"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/children-explosive-violence/">Children</a></li><li id="menu-item-25744" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25744"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/environment/">Environment</a></li><li id="menu-item-25496" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-25496"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/gender-and-explosive-violence/">Gender</a></li><li id="menu-item-24066" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-24066"><a href="https://donorbox.org/action-on-armed-violence">Please fund us</a></li><li id="menu-item-25746" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25746"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/health/">Health</a></li><li id="menu-item-39625" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-39625"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/refugee-explosion/">Refugees</a></li><li id="menu-item-28460" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28460"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/victims-rights/">Victim assistance</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-21744" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-21744"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/counter-improvised-explosive-devices-c-ied-mapping/">Counter-IED map</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-15838" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15838"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/tracking-ied-harm/">Who is reporting IED harm?</a></li><li id="menu-item-21330" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21330"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/addressing-threat-posed-ieds-national-regional-global-initiatives/">Addressing the threat posed by IEDs</a></li><li id="menu-item-21751" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21751"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/international/">Global C-IED initiatives</a></li><li id="menu-item-21755" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21755"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/military/">Military C-IED units</a></li><li id="menu-item-21758" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21758"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/ngo/">NGO C-IED work</a></li><li id="menu-item-21762" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21762"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/police/">Police C-IED units</a></li><li id="menu-item-21764" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21764"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/private/">Private C-IED organisations</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-15805" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-15805"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/non-state-actor-nsa-use-ieds/">Non-state actor use of IEDs</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-14636" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14636"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/islamic-state/">Explosive violence by Islamic State</a></li><li id="menu-item-15782" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15782"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/boko-haram/">Explosive violence by Boko Haram</a></li><li id="menu-item-15783" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15783"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/taliban/">Explosive violence by the Taliban</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-12798" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-12798"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/guns/">Guns &#038; Knives</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-30410" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-30410"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/police-forces/">Police Forces</a></li><li id="menu-item-40454" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40454"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/police-forces/london-murder-capital/">London: murder capital</a></li><li id="menu-item-34835" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-34835"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/guns/">Gun violence</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-14903" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14903"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/guns/15-mass-shootings-that-changed-the-law/">Mass shootings that changed the law</a></li><li id="menu-item-21500" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-21500"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2014/devils-trade-guns-violence-el-salvador/">Guns in El Salvador</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-33000" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-33000"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/knife-crime/">Knife violence</a></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-21898" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-21898"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/">Militarism examined</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-43885" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-43885"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/the-digital-frontline-disinformation-and-ai-in-modern-warfare/">The Digital Frontline: Disinformation and AI in Modern Warfare</a></li><li id="menu-item-34757" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-34757"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/">UK Special Forces</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-34319" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34319"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/killing-in-the-shadows/">Killing in the Shadows: UKSF extra-judicial murders</a></li><li id="menu-item-34788" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34788"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/uksf-global-operations/">UK Special Forces Global Operations</a></li><li id="menu-item-40004" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40004"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/independent-inquiry-relating-to-afghanistan/">Independent Inquiry relating to Afghanistan</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-35940" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-35940"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/civilian-deaths-from-british-military-action/">Civilian deaths from British military action</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-29303" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-29303"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/deaths-in-the-war-on-terror/">Deaths in the &#8216;War on Terror&#8217;</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-39889" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-39889"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/wikileaks-iraq-war-logs/">Wikileak&#8217;s Iraq War Logs</a></li><li id="menu-item-25495" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-25495"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/">Media, militarism and culture</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-38965" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-38965"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/reporting-on-the-war-in-ukraine/">Reporting on the war in Ukraine</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li 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menu-item-object-category menu-item-41957"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/syrian-armed-forces/">Syria</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41956"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/saudi-led-coalition/">Saudi-led coalition</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41959"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/us-led-coalition/">US-led coalition</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41960"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/myanmar-military/">Myanmar</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-41945"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/">Non-state actors</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41951"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/islamic-state/">Islamic State</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41947"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/taliban/">The Taliban</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41949"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/al-shabaab/">Al Shabaab</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41953"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/houthis/">The Houthis</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41950"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/boko-haram/">Boko Haram</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41952"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/jamaat-ul-ahrar/">Jamaat-ul Ahrar</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41948"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/tehrik-e-taliban-pakistan/">The Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40669"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/afghanistan/">Afghanistan</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40670"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-azerbaijan/">Azerbaijan</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40672"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/gaza/">Gaza</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40673"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-india/">India</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40674"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/iraq/">Iraq</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40675"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-israel/">Israel</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40676"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/libya/">Libya</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40677"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-myanmar/">Myanmar</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40678"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/nigeria/">Nigeria</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40679"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/pakistan/">Pakistan</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40683"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-the-philippines/">Philippines</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40680"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/somalia/">Somalia</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25032"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons-news/manufactured-explosive-weapons/reverberating-effects/sri-lanka-case-study/">Sri Lanka</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40681"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-sudan/">Sudan</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40682"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/syria/">Syria</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40684"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/turkey-explosive-weapons/">Turkey</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40685"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/ukraine/">Ukraine</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40686"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/yemen/">Yemen</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-40710"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/methodology/">Methodology</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42398"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/explosive-violence-monitor-2023/">2023 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25872"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/explosive-violence-monitor-2022/">2022 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-33495"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2022/explosive-violence-monitor-2021/">2021 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-30724"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2021/explosive-violence-monitor-2020/">2020 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29226"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2020/explosive-violence-monitor-2019/">2019 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42345"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2019/explosive-violence-monitor-2018/">2018 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42399"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2018/explosive-violence-monitor-2017/">2017 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42404"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/explosive-violence-monitor-2016/">2016 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42411"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/explosive-violence-monitor-2015/">2015 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12779"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2015/explosive-violence-monitor-2014/">2014 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12778"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2014/explosive-violence-monitor-2013/">2013 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12783"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2013/explosive-violence-monitor-2012/">2012 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12781"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2012/explosive-violence-monitor-2011/">2011 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-13154"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/report-translations/">Translations</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13477"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9/">Arabic/العربية</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13524"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/monitoringverslagen-over-explosieven-in-het-nederlands/">Dutch/Nederlands</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14974"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/suomi/">Finnish/Suomi</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13530"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/rapports-sur-la-violence-explosive-en-francais/">French/Français</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13420"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/explosionsmonitor-berichte-auf-deutsch/">German/Deutsch</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13475"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%ce%b5%ce%ba%ce%b8%ce%ad%cf%83%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%82-%cf%80%ce%b1%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%bf%cf%8d%ce%b8%ce%b7%cf%83%ce%b7%cf%82-%ce%b5%ce%ba%cf%81%ce%b7%ce%ba%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae%cf%82/">Greek/ελληνικά</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13153"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%e9%98%bb%e6%ad%a2%e6%ad%a6%e8%a3%9d%e6%9a%b4%e5%8a%9b%e8%a1%8c%e5%8b%95/">Mandarin/中文</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29461"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/key-report-translations/rapporto-sulle-esplosioni-violente-in-italiano/">Italian/Italiano</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13531"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/portugues/">Portuguese/Português</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13429"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/reportes-del-observador-de-explosivos-en-espanol/">Spanish/Español</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-12421"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/manufactured-explosive-weapons/">Manufactured explosives</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-31633"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/">Manufactured Explosive Weapons explained</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-23178"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/air-dropped-bombs-in-yemen/">Air strikes</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31637"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-an-artillery-strike/">Artillery strikes</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13949"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/grad-attack/">Grads</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31767"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-a-grenade-attack/">Grenades</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31772"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-a-landmine-blast/">Landmines</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13883"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/mortar-attacks/">Mortars</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-26504"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/impact-of-explosive-violence-on-civilians/">Impact of explosive violence on civilians</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25695"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/children-explosive-violence/">Children</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25745"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/environment/">Environment</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-25459"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/gender-and-explosive-violence/">Gender</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25747"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/health/">Health</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-18799"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/refugee-explosion/">Refugees</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-26547"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/victims-rights/">Victims</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-23177"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/">Air strikes</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-24864"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/air-strikes/air-rules-of-engagement/">Air Rules of Engagement</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-24551"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/air-strikes-and-terror-attacks-examined/">Air strikes and terror attacks examined</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-16195"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/drones/">Drones</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-22461"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/reverberating-effects-of-explosive-violence/">Reverberating effects</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21468"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2013/syrias-dirty-dozen/">Syria</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25031"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons-news/manufactured-explosive-weapons/reverberating-effects/lebanon-case-study/">Lebanon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-12418"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/">IEDs</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-21988"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2019/aoavs-research-on-improvised-explosive-devices-ieds/">IED types</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-20013"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/understanding-rising-cult-suicide-bomber/">Suicide bombings</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15889"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/anatomy-of-a-suicide-bombing/">A suicide bombing in Pakistan examined</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15777"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/2013-boston-marathon-bombings-report/">Boston Marathon bombing</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15891"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/material-harm/">IED precursors</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-26508"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/impact-of-explosive-violence-on-civilians/">Impact of IEDs on civilians</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25694"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/children-explosive-violence/">Children</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25744"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/environment/">Environment</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-25496"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/gender-and-explosive-violence/">Gender</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-24066"><a href="https://donorbox.org/action-on-armed-violence">Please fund us</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25746"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/health/">Health</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-39625"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/refugee-explosion/">Refugees</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28460"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/victims-rights/">Victim assistance</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-21744"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/counter-improvised-explosive-devices-c-ied-mapping/">Counter-IED map</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15838"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/tracking-ied-harm/">Who is reporting IED harm?</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21330"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/addressing-threat-posed-ieds-national-regional-global-initiatives/">Addressing the threat posed by IEDs</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21751"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/international/">Global C-IED initiatives</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21755"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/military/">Military C-IED units</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21758"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/ngo/">NGO C-IED work</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21762"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/police/">Police C-IED units</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21764"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/private/">Private C-IED organisations</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-15805"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/non-state-actor-nsa-use-ieds/">Non-state actor use of IEDs</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14636"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/islamic-state/">Explosive violence by Islamic State</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15782"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/boko-haram/">Explosive violence by Boko Haram</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15783"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/taliban/">Explosive violence by the Taliban</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-12798"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/guns/">Guns &#038; Knives</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-30410"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/police-forces/">Police Forces</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40454"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/police-forces/london-murder-capital/">London: murder capital</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-34835"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/guns/">Gun violence</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14903"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/guns/15-mass-shootings-that-changed-the-law/">Mass shootings that changed the law</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-21500"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2014/devils-trade-guns-violence-el-salvador/">Guns in El Salvador</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-33000"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/knife-crime/">Knife violence</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-21898"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/">Militarism examined</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-43885"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/the-digital-frontline-disinformation-and-ai-in-modern-warfare/">The Digital Frontline: Disinformation and AI in Modern Warfare</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-34757"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/">UK Special Forces</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34319"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/killing-in-the-shadows/">Killing in the Shadows: UKSF extra-judicial murders</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34788"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/uksf-global-operations/">UK Special Forces Global Operations</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40004"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/independent-inquiry-relating-to-afghanistan/">Independent Inquiry relating to Afghanistan</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-35940"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/civilian-deaths-from-british-military-action/">Civilian deaths from British military action</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-29303"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/deaths-in-the-war-on-terror/">Deaths in the &#8216;War on Terror&#8217;</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-39889"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/wikileaks-iraq-war-logs/">Wikileak&#8217;s Iraq War Logs</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-25495"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/">Media, militarism and culture</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-38965"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/reporting-on-the-war-in-ukraine/">Reporting on the war in Ukraine</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-23215"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/">Arms Exports</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-37300"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/arms-trade-treaty-examined/">The Arms Trade Treaty</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-42080"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/who-is-arming-israel/">Who is arming Israel?</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-42167"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/bae-systems-examined/">Who does BAE Systems sell to?</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-36654"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/uk-arms-exports-to-countries-of-concern/">UK arms exports to countries of concern</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14637"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/us-department-of-defence-contract-analysis/">US arms exports under scrutiny</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-44429"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/">War reporting</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div></div><div id="wrap"><div id="primary" class="content-area row"><div id="content" class="site-content large-12 columns" role="main"><p id="breadcrumbs"><span><span><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/">Home</a></span> / <span><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/">Explosive violence research</a></span></span></p> <img class="header-img" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/018-e1712136230719.png" /><header class="category-header"><h1 class="title">Explosive violence by state actors</h1><p class="category-meta">Action on Armed Violence has tracked the most harmful state and non-state users of explosive weapons over the past decade (2014-2023). ​​​​​​​​<br /> ​​<br />​​ In that time, state actors have caused 45% (112,638) of total recorded civilian casualties from explosive weapons use around the world, including 54,476 civilian fatalities. ​​​​​​​​<br /> ​​<br />​​ The most harmful state users of explosive weapons over the past decade have been <strong>Russia (21,253</strong> civilian casualties), <strong>Israel (19,633)</strong>, <strong>Syria (16,908)</strong>, the <strong>Saudi-led coalition (10,058)</strong>, and the <strong>US-led coalition (5,331)</strong>.</p></header><ul id="infinite" class="large-block-grid-3 article-list post-list"><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/aoavs-written-evidence-submission-to-the-uk-government-foreign-affairs-committee-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/"><div class="img"><img width="225" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/images-225x200.png" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="UK foreign policy, Israel-Palestine conflict, ceasefire, arms embargo, humanitarian aid, war crimes, international law, peacebuilding, transitional justice, accountability, UN Security Council, AOAV, sanctions, diplomacy, human rights, conflict resolution, arms control, civilian protection, post-conflict recovery, environmental peacebuilding" decoding="async" /><div class="date">19 Feb 2025</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">AOAV&#8217;s written evidence submission to the UK government Foreign Affairs Committee: the Israeli-Palestinian conflict</h4><p class="excerpt">AOAV’s submission to the Foreign Affairs Committee calls for stronger UK diplomatic action, arms export controls, and accountability measures to secure a ceasefire and promote long-term peace in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/trump-netanyahu-to-meet-in-washington-how-this-calculated-embrace-of-convenience-makes-a-mockery-of-justice/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Screenshot-2025-02-03-at-15.34.00-340x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="Netanyahu,Trump,Israel-Palestine,Gaza,Ceasefire,Middle East Politics,US Foreign Policy,ICC,Far-right Coalition,Peace Process,Diplomacy,International Relations,Humanitarian Crisis,War Crimes,Arab States" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /><div class="date">3 Feb 2025</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">Trump, Netanyahu to meet in Washington: how this calculated embrace of convenience makes a mockery of justice</h4><p class="excerpt">Benjamin Netanyahu meets Donald Trump in Washington for mutual political gain, at the expense of any meaningful peace.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/gaza-death-toll-over-64000-fatalities-from-traumatic-injuries-estimated-in-new-lancet-analysis-exposing-41-under-reporting-in-the-official-estimates/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/DALL·E-2025-01-17-14.16.42-A-painterly-oil-painting-depicting-a-desolate-graveyard-in-Gaza-with-rows-of-simple-graves-stretching-into-the-distance.-The-graves-are-marked-with-m-340x200.webp" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="Gaza conflict, civilian casualties, explosive violence, traumatic injuries, capture-recapture, Gaza health crisis, AOAV, human rights, war crimes, public health, armed conflict" decoding="async" /><div class="date">17 Jan 2025</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">Gaza death toll: over 64,000 fatalities from traumatic injuries estimated in new Lancet analysis, exposing 41% under-reporting in the official estimates</h4><p class="excerpt"> A Lancet study using capture–recapture methods estimates over 64,000 deaths in Gaza due to traumatic injuries between October 2023 and June 2024, underscoring severe underreporting and the catastrophic civilian toll of explosive violence.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/ceasefire-in-limbo-as-gaza-faces-devastating-toll-from-airstrikes/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/man-6860636_1280-340x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="Gaza, ceasefire, airstrikes, humanitarian crisis, explosive violence, Israel, Hamas, civilian casualties, international law, Middle East conflict" decoding="async" /><div class="date">16 Jan 2025</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">Ceasefire in limbo as Gaza faces devastating toll from airstrikes</h4><p class="excerpt">The Gaza ceasefire remains uncertain as airstrikes continue to devastate civilian lives and infrastructure, highlighting the urgent need for humanitarian aid and accountability for explosive violence.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2025/gazas-humanitarian-zone-struck-nearly-100-times-by-idf/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/tents-and-makeshift-shelter-in-gaza-1084-x-610-340x200.webp" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="Over 75% of Gaza is displaced. Some are living in temporary shelters like tents or cars, others are sleeping in the open. PHOTO: Abed Zaqout/ICRC" decoding="async" /><div class="date">15 Jan 2025</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">Gaza’s ‘humanitarian zone’ struck nearly 100 times by IDF</h4><p class="excerpt">Since May 2024, Gaza’s IDF-designated “humanitarian zone” has been struck nearly 100 times, killing over 550 civilians and raising serious questions about the zone’s efficacy and the IDF’s compliance with international law.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/flawed-critique-how-andrew-foxs-report-for-the-henry-jackson-society-on-gaza-death-toll-lacks-evidence-for-key-claims/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Screenshot-2024-12-22-at-13.51.30-340x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="Henry Jackson Society, Gaza, Ministry of Health, Andrew Fox, casualty figures, media scrutiny, IDF claims, militant deaths, civilian casualties, data manipulation, media ethics, war reporting, disinformation, Hamas, Israeli-Palestinian conflict" decoding="async" /><div class="date">22 Dec 2024</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">Flawed critique: how Andrew Fox&#8217;s report on Gaza death toll for the Henry Jackson Society lacks evidence for key claims</h4><p class="excerpt">A review of Andrew Fox’s Henry Jackson Society report on Gaza death toll figures finds limited evidence for claims of MoH data manipulation, highlighting errors as random rather than systematic, and somewhat more evidence for media complicity.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/why-britains-dependence-on-israeli-weapons-tainted-by-gaza-atrocities-must-end/"><div class="img"><img width="323" height="161" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/BSP_77374-JDW-27131-e1721214653994-qr8ognmcb6i92fy4itzsfb3cju1tzk96tw1why04ju.bf65e1.webp" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="UK arms imports, Israeli weapons, human rights abuses, Gaza, Smartshooter, military ethics, international law, UK defence, arms trade, military technology" decoding="async" /><div class="date">20 Dec 2024</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">Why Britain’s dependence on Israeli weapons tainted by Gaza atrocities must end</h4><p class="excerpt">The UK’s reliance on Israeli-developed weapons tested in Gaza raises serious ethical concerns about complicity in human rights abuses and the militarisation of occupied territories.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/mps-to-debate-recognition-of-palestine-and-uk-arms-exports-to-israel/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/9b0feefb-98b3-4e5b-9946-cc495354c1e0-340x200.webp" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="Israel, Palestine, UK Parliament, Petitions Committee, Arms Export, Two-State Solution, Roz Savage MP, Foreign Policy, AOAV, Human Rights" decoding="async" /><div class="date">15 Dec 2024</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">MPs to debate recognition of Palestine and UK arms exports to Israel</h4><p class="excerpt">MPs will debate petitions calling for the recognition of Palestine and the revocation of arms export licences to Israel on 16 December, following widespread public support for both measures.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/civilian-deaths-in-gaza-airwars-investigation-reveals-unprecedented-child-and-family-fatalities/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Screenshot-2024-12-13-at-14.00.12-340x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="Gaza, Airwars, civilian casualties, family fatalities, child deaths, airstrikes, humanitarian impact, Israel, military campaign, civilian harm, war crimes, international law, IHL, human rights, conflict analysis." decoding="async" srcset="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Screenshot-2024-12-13-at-14.00.12-340x200.jpg 340w, https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Screenshot-2024-12-13-at-14.00.12-400x234.jpg 400w, https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Screenshot-2024-12-13-at-14.00.12-700x410.jpg 700w, https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Screenshot-2024-12-13-at-14.00.12-768x450.jpg 768w, https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Screenshot-2024-12-13-at-14.00.12-1536x900.jpg 1536w, https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Screenshot-2024-12-13-at-14.00.12-2048x1200.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px" /><div class="date">13 Dec 2024</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">Civilian deaths in Gaza: Airwars investigation reveals unprecedented child and family fatalities</h4><p class="excerpt">Airwars' investigation exposes Gaza's October 2023 civilian toll as the deadliest modern air campaign, with unprecedented child and family fatalities.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/death-feels-imminent-for-96-of-children-in-gaza-study-finds/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/8c1821e9-39da-47ef-8018-3b7fff1e244e-340x200.webp" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="Gaza, children, mental health, trauma, AOAV, War Child, explosive weapons, humanitarian crisis, psychological support, child welfare, armed conflict" decoding="async" /><div class="date">12 Dec 2024</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">Death feels imminent for 96% of children in Gaza, study finds</h4><p class="excerpt">A new report reveals the devastating psychological impact of war on Gaza’s children, as almost all fear imminent death and half express a desire to die.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/uk-government-forced-to-reconsider-f-35-export-decision-amid-accusations-of-complicity-with-genocidal-israel/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/36ab6bb8-93e1-4d28-b676-48916600e19e-340x200.webp" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="UK arms exports, F-35 programme, Israel-Palestine conflict, Gaza, human rights violations, international law, arms embargo, genocide, global arms trade, AOAV" decoding="async" /><div class="date">6 Dec 2024</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">UK government forced to reconsider F-35 export decision amid accusations of complicity with &#8216;genocidal&#8217; Israel</h4><p class="excerpt">The UK government is reviewing its decision to export F-35 warplane components after admitting that Israel is "not committed to complying" with international humanitarian law, highlighting the tension between ethical obligations and political expediency.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/the-foreign-forces-in-syrias-conflict-a-brief-explainer/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/299b22cb-7d0a-45fa-91aa-3ce2d6ccef23-340x200.webp" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="" decoding="async" /><div class="date">6 Dec 2024</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">The foreign forces in Syria&#8217;s conflict: a brief explainer</h4><p class="excerpt">A decade of civil war in Syria has turned the country into a battleground for foreign powers, each pursuing strategic goals and shaping the region's geopolitical landscape.</p></div></a></li></ul><div id="page-nav"> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/page/2/" ></a></div></div></div></div> <!-- /#container --><div 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