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</div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Çıkış yapmış editörler için sayfalar <a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:Giri%C5%9F" aria-label="Değişiklik yapma hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinin"><span>daha fazla bilgi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Katk%C4%B1lar%C4%B1m" title="Bu IP adresinden yapılmış değişiklikler listesi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Katkılar</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:MesajSayfam" title="Bu IP adresindeki düzenlemeler hakkında tartışma [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Mesaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ernst Ruska</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 71 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Afrikaanca" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7" title="إرنست روسكا - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إرنست روسكا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7" title="ارنست روسكا - Mısır Arapçası" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارنست روسكا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Mısır Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ارنست روسکا - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ارنست روسکا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%90%D1%9E%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эрнст Аўгуст Руска - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эрнст Аўгуст Руска" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ернст Руска - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ернст Руска" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="আর্নস্ট রুস্কা - Bengalce" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আর্নস্ট রুস্কা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%DA%95%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ئێرنست ڕوسکا - Orta Kürtçe" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێرنست ڕوسکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Orta Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84_%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Ερνστ Ρούσκα - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ερνστ Ρούσκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ارنست روسکا - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارنست روسکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - İrlandaca" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="İrlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Goa Konkanicesi" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goa Konkanicesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Hakka Çincesi" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%94" title="ארנסט רוסקה - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארנסט רוסקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_August_Friedrich_Ruska" title="Ernst August Friedrich Ruska - Haiti Kreyolu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ernst August Friedrich Ruska" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haiti Kreyolu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%BF_%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Էռնստ Ռուսկա - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էռնստ Ռուսկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB" title="エルンスト・ルスカ - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エルンスト・ルスカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эрнст Август Руска - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эрнст Август Руска" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4" title="에른스트 루스카 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에른스트 루스카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Kürtçe" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernestus_Ruska" title="Ernestus Ruska - Latince" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ernestus Ruska" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernsts_Ruska" title="Ernsts Ruska - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ernsts Ruska" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ернст Руска - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ернст Руска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अर्न्स्ट रुस्का - Marathi dili" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अर्न्स्ट रुस्का" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ارنست روسکا - Mazenderanca" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ارنست روسکا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazenderanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अर्न्स्ट रुस्का - Nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अर्न्स्ट रुस्का" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Oksitan dili" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9_%D8%B1%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ارنسٹ رسکا - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ارنسٹ رسکا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82" title="Руска, Эрнст Август - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Руска, Эрнст Август" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - İskoçça" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="İskoçça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Sırp-Hırvat Dili" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Sırp-Hırvat Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ернст Руска - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ернст Руска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Svahili dili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE" title="ஏர்ணஸ்ட் ருஸ்கா - Tamilce" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஏர்ணஸ்ட் ருஸ்கா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2" title="แอ็นสท์ รุสคา - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แอ็นสท์ รุสคา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эрнст Руска - Tatarca" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эрнст Руска" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ернст Руска - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ернст Руска" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9_%D8%B1%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ارنسٹ رسکا - Urduca" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ارنسٹ رسکا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urduca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="恩斯特·鲁斯卡 - Wu Çincesi" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="恩斯特·鲁斯卡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska - Yorubaca" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ernst Ruska" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yorubaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="恩斯特·鲁斯卡 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="恩斯特·鲁斯卡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q71022#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad alanları"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="İçerik sayfasını göster [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Madde</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Ernst_Ruska" rel="discussion" title="İçerik ile ilgili tartışma [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Tartışma</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dil varyantını değiştir" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Türkçe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Araçlar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Araçlar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Araçlar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Daha fazla seçenek" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eylemler </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Ruska&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Ruska&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Ruska&action=history"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Genel </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:SayfayaBa%C4%9Flant%C4%B1lar/Ernst_Ruska" title="Bu sayfaya bağlantı vermiş tüm viki sayfalarının listesi [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sayfaya bağlantılar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C4%B0lgiliDe%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fiklikler/Ernst_Ruska" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sayfadan bağlantı verilen sayfalardaki son değişiklikler [k]" accesskey="k"><span>İlgili değişiklikler</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C3%96zelSayfalar" title="Tüm özel sayfaların listesi [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Özel sayfalar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Ruska&oldid=34002695" title="Bu sayfanın bu revizyonuna kalıcı bağlantı"><span>Kalıcı bağlantı</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Ruska&action=info" title="Bu sayfa hakkında daha fazla bilgi"><span>Sayfa bilgisi</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:KaynakG%C3%B6ster&page=Ernst_Ruska&id=34002695&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Bu sayfadan nasıl kaynak göstereceği hakkında bilgi"><span>Bu sayfayı kaynak göster</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DErnst_Ruska%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Kısaltılmış URL'yi al</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DErnst_Ruska%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Karekodu indir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Yazdır/dışa aktar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kitap&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ernst+Ruska"><span>Bir kitap oluştur</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn" style="display:inline"><b>Ernst August Friedrich Ruska</b></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doğum</th><td class="infobox-data">25 Aralık 1906<br /><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alman_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Alman İmparatorluğu">Alman İmparatorluğu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ölüm</th><td class="infobox-data">27 Mayıs 1988 (81 yaşında)<br /><a href="/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Berlin" title="Batı Berlin">Batı Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya">Almanya</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Milliyet</th><td class="infobox-data kategori">Alman</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mezun olduğu okul(lar)</th><td class="infobox-data">Berlin Technical University Technical University of Munich</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ödüller</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Lasker_Temel_T%C4%B1p_Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar%C4%B1_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Lasker Temel Tıp Araştırmaları Ödülü (sayfa mevcut değil)">Albert Lasker Temel Tıp Araştırmaları Ödülü</a> <small>(1960)</small><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duddell_Madalyas%C4%B1_ve_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duddell Madalyası ve Ödülü (sayfa mevcut değil)">Duddell Madalyası ve Ödülü</a> <small>(1975)</small><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Koch_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Koch Ödülü (sayfa mevcut değil)">Robert Koch Ödülü</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Altın, 1986)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Fizik_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Fizik Ödülü">Nobel Fizik Ödülü</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1986)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div align="center"></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ernst August Friedrich Ruska</b> (d. 25 Aralık 1906 - ö. 27 Mayıs 1988), Alman <a href="/wiki/Fizik%C3%A7i" title="Fizikçi">fizikçi</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>'de doğmuştur. <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnih_Teknik_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Münih Teknik Üniversitesi">Münih Teknik Üniversitesi</a>'ndeki eğitimi sonrası <i>Technical University of Berlin</i> 'de çalışmalarına devam etmiştir. Elektronların kullanımı ile <a href="/wiki/Mikroskop" title="Mikroskop">mikroskop</a> birlikteliği sayesinde gelişmiş görüntülerin elde edilmesini sağlamıştır. 1931 yılında <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a> lensini imal etmiş ve bu ilk elektron mikroskobunun 1933'te yapımını sağlamıştır. </p><p>Ruska 1937-1955 yılları arasında <i>Siemens-Reiniger-Werke AG</i> 'de çalışmıştır. 1955-1972 arasında ise <i>Fritz Haber Institute</i> 'de Elektron Mikroskobi bölümünün başkanlığını yürütmüştür. Ayrıca 1972'deki emekliliğine değin <i>Technical University of Berlin</i> 'de profesör olarak görev yapmıştır. 1986 yılında <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Fizik_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Fizik Ödülü">Nobel Fizik Ödülü</a>'ne elektron optiğine yaptığı katkılardan dolayı uzanmıştır. Aynı yıl, aynı ödül <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Gerd Binnig</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Heinrich Rohrer</a> arasında da paylaştırılmıştır. </p><p>Berlin'de 1988 yılında ölmüştür. </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nobel_Fizik_Ödülü_sahipleri" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25548259">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Nobel_Fizik_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Şablon:Nobel Fizik Ödülü"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Nobel_Fizik_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Şablon tartışma:Nobel Fizik Ödülü"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Nobel_Fizik_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nobel_Fizik_Ödülü_sahipleri" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Fizik_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Fizik Ödülü">Nobel Fizik Ödülü</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Fizik_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC_sahipleri_listesi" title="Nobel Fizik Ödülü sahipleri listesi">sahipleri</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901-1925</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Wilhelm Röntgen</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Pieter Zeeman</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Henri Becquerel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt" title="John William Strutt">John William Strutt</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Philipp Lenard</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Michelson" title="Albert Michelson">Albert Michelson</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Gabriel Lippmann</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Braun" title="Ferdinand Braun">Ferdinand Braun</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Johannes Diderik van der Waals</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wilhelm Wien</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Gustaf Dalén">Gustaf Dalén</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Max von Laue</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Bragg" title="Lawrence Bragg">Lawrence Bragg</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Bragg" title="William Bragg">William Bragg</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barkla" title="Charles Barkla">Charles Barkla</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Johannes Stark</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Charles Édouard Guillaume</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Millikan" title="Robert A. Millikan">Robert A. Millikan</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">Manne Siegbahn</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">James Franck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz">Gustav Hertz</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926-1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Perrin" title="Jean Perrin">Jean Perrin</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Arthur Compton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wilson_(fizik%C3%A7i)" title="Charles Wilson (fizikçi)">Charles Wilson</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Richardson" title="Owen Richardson">Owen Richardson</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Louis de Broglie</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">C. V. Raman</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hess" title="Victor Hess">Victor Hess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Anderson_(fizik%C3%A7i)" title="Carl Anderson (fizikçi)">Carl Anderson</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Clinton Davisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Thomson_(fizik%C3%A7i)" title="George Thomson (fizikçi)">George Thomson</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Ernest Lawrence</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Otto Stern</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Isaac Rabi</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Bridgman" title="Percy Bridgman">Percy Bridgman</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Appleton" title="Edward Appleton">Edward Appleton</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Patrick Blackett</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukava" title="Hideki Yukava">Hideki Yukava</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._F._Powell" title="C. F. Powell">C. F. Powell</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951-1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">John Cockcroft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Ernest Walton</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Felix Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Purcell" title="Edward Purcell">Edward Purcell</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Frits Zernike</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Walther Bothe</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Lamb" title="Willis Lamb">Willis Lamb</a> / <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Polykarp Kusch</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Brattain" title="Walter Brattain">Walter Brattain</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Chen Ning Yang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">Tsung-Dao Lee</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_%C3%87erenkov" title="Pavel Çerenkov">Pavel Çerenkov</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lya_Frank" title="İlya Frank">İlya Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0gor_Tamm" title="İgor Tamm">İgor Tamm</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Owen Chamberlain</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Donald A. Glaser</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Rudolf Mössbauer</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Lev Landau</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Wigner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Maria Goeppert-Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Jensen" title="Hans Jensen">Hans Jensen</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes">Charles Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Basov" title="Nikolay Basov">Nikolay Basov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Prohorov" title="Aleksandr Prohorov">Aleksandr Prohorov</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin%27ichir%C5%8D_Tomonaga" title="Shin'ichirō Tomonaga">Shin'ichirō Tomonaga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Julian Schwinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Alfred Kastler</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Alvarez" title="Luis Alvarez">Luis Alvarez</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Hannes Alfvén</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Louis Néel</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Dennis Gabor</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Leon Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schrieffer" title="Robert Schrieffer">Robert Schrieffer</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Leo Esaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Ivar Giaever</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson">Brian Josephson</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Martin Ryle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Antony Hewish</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aage_Niels_Bohr" title="Aage Niels Bohr">Aage Niels Bohr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_R._Mottelson" title="Ben R. Mottelson">Ben R. Mottelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">James Rainwater</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976-2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._C._Ting" title="Samuel C. C. Ting">Samuel C. C. Ting</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Anderson" title="Philip Anderson">Philip Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Mott" title="Nevill Mott">Nevill Mott</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Van_Vleck" title="John Van Vleck">John Van Vleck</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa" title="Pyotr Kapitsa">Pyotr Kapitsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arno_Penzias" title="Arno Penzias">Arno Penzias</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wilson" title="Robert Wilson">Robert Wilson</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Glashow" title="Sheldon Glashow">Sheldon Glashow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Muhammed_Abd%C3%BCsselam" title="Muhammed Abdüsselam">Muhammed Abdüsselam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">James Cronin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Val_Fitch" title="Val Fitch">Val Fitch</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schawlow" title="Arthur Schawlow">Arthur Schawlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">Kai Siegbahn</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Wilson" title="Kenneth Wilson">Kenneth Wilson</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Fowler" title="William Fowler">William Fowler</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Carlo Rubbia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Simon van der Meer</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">Klaus von Klitzing</a> (1985)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ernst Ruska</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Gerd Binnig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Heinrich Rohrer</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Bednorz" title="Georg Bednorz">Georg Bednorz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alex_M%C3%BCller" title="Alex Müller">Alex Müller</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Lederman" title="Leon Lederman">Leon Lederman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Melvin Schwartz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Ramsey" title="Norman Ramsey">Norman Ramsey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Dehmelt" title="Hans Dehmelt">Hans Dehmelt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Wolfgang Paul</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Friedman" title="Jerome Friedman">Jerome Friedman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kendall_(fizik%C3%A7i)" title="Henry Kendall (fizikçi)">Henry Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(fizik%C3%A7i)" title="Richard Taylor (fizikçi)">Richard Taylor</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Georges Charpak</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Hulse" title="Russell Hulse">Russell Hulse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Taylor" title="Joseph Taylor">Joseph Taylor</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Bertram Brockhouse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Clifford Shull</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Perl" title="Martin Perl">Martin Perl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lee_(fizik%C3%A7i)" title="David Lee (fizikçi)">David Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Osheroff" title="Douglas Osheroff">Douglas Osheroff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Richardson_(fizik%C3%A7i)" title="Robert Richardson (fizikçi)">Robert Richardson</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Steven Chu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Claude Cohen-Tannoudji</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Phillips" title="William Phillips">William Phillips</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Laughlin" title="Robert Laughlin">Robert Laughlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Horst_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Störmer">Horst Störmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Tsui" title="Daniel Tsui">Daniel Tsui</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerard 't Hooft">Gerard 't Hooft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martinus_Veltman" title="Martinus Veltman">Martinus Veltman</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jores_Alfyorov" title="Jores Alfyorov">Jores Alfyorov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Herbert Kroemer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Jack Kilby</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001-günümüz</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Cornell" title="Eric Cornell">Eric Cornell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Wolfgang Ketterle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Carl Wieman</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis" title="Raymond Davis">Raymond Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Masatoshi Koshiba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Abrikosov" title="Aleksey Abrikosov">Aleksey Abrikosov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vitali_Ginzburg" title="Vitali Ginzburg">Vitali Ginzburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Leggett" title="Anthony Leggett">Anthony Leggett</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">David Gross</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Politzer" title="David Politzer">David Politzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Frank Wilczek</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Glauber" title="Roy Glauber">Roy Glauber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hall_(fizik%C3%A7i)" title="John Hall (fizikçi)">John Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor W. Hänsch">Theodor W. Hänsch</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mather" title="John Mather">John Mather</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">George Smoot</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Peter Grünberg</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi" title="Makoto Kobayashi">Makoto Kobayashi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Toshihide Maskawa</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kao" title="Charles Kao">Charles Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Willard Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(fizik%C3%A7i)" title="George Smith (fizikçi)">George Smith</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Andre Geim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Konstantin Novoselov</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Saul Perlmutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Adam Riess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Brian Schmidt</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wineland" title="David Wineland">David Wineland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Serge Haroche</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">François Englert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Isamu Akasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Hiroshi Amano</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Shuji Nakamura</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Takaaki Kajita</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" title="Arthur B. McDonald">Arthur B. McDonald</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Thouless" title="David Thouless">David Thouless</a> / <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Duncan Haldane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kosterlitz" title="Michael Kosterlitz">Michael Kosterlitz</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barry Barish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Kip Thorne</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Arthur Ashkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Gérard Mourou</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Donna Strickland</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Peebles" title="Jim Peebles">Jim Peebles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Michel Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Didier Queloz</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Roger Penrose</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Reinhard Genzel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Ghez" title="Andrea Ghez">Andrea Ghez</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Giorgio Parisi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Klaus Hasselmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Syukuro Manabe</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Alain Aspect</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">John Clauser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Anton Zeilinger</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Pierre Agostini</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Ferenc Krausz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillier" title="Anne L'Huillier">Anne L'Huillier</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">John Hopfield</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Geoffrey Hinton</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taslak simgesi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/22px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/34px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/45px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="4333" /></a></span></td><td><i>Bir <a href="/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya">Alman</a> <a href="/wiki/Fizik%C3%A7i" title="Fizikçi">fizikçi</a> ile ilgili bu madde <a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Taslak_madde" title="Vikipedi:Taslak madde">taslak</a> seviyesindedir. Madde içeriğini <a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Ruska&action=edit">genişleterek</a> Vikipedi'ye katkı sağlayabilirsiniz.</i></td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q71022&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q71022&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otorite_kontrol%C3%BC" title="Otorite kontrolü">Otorite kontrolü</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q71022" title="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin"><img alt="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99030106">99030106</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02934740?l=en">DA02934740</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCmle%C5%9Fik_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Tümleşik Otorite Dosyası">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118750437">118750437</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Ad_Tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Ad Tanımlayıcısı">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000116262118">0000 0001 1626 2118</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kongre_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi_Kontrol_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Kongre Kütüphanesi Kontrol Numarası">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81056954">n81056954</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0srail_Ulusal_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="İsrail Ulusal Kütüphanesi">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007275687605171">987007275687605171</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_ve_%C3%9Cniversite_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi_(Zagreb)" title="Millî ve Üniversite Kütüphanesi (Zagreb)">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000101140&local_base=nsk10">000101140</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hollanda_Kraliyet_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Hollanda Kraliyet Kütüphanesi">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068599315">068599315</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6bw05g7">w6bw05g7</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Sanal_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Sanal Otorite Dosyası">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/40173810">40173810</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a> (LCCN): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n81-056954">n81-056954</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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