CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="tr" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Charles Townes - Vikipedi</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )trwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Ocak","Şubat","Mart","Nisan","Mayıs","Haziran","Temmuz","Ağustos","Eylül","Ekim","Kasım","Aralık"],"wgRequestId":"cb3099f9-b048-43ff-9ead-00e9403ff26e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Charles_Townes","wgTitle":"Charles Townes","wgCurRevisionId":34001016,"wgRevisionId":34001016,"wgArticleId":1614078,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Bilgi alt kutulu maddeler","Webarşiv şablonu wayback bağlantıları","BNF tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","CANTIC tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","CINII tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","DBLP tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","GND tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","ISNI tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","LCCN tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri", "MusicBrainz tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","MGP tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","NDL tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","NKC tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","NLI tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","NTA tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","SELIBR tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","SNAC-ID tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","SUDOC tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","VIAF tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","WorldCat-LCCN tanımlayıcısı içeren Vikipedi maddeleri","1915 doğumlular","Greenville, Güney Karolina doğumlular","2015 yılında ölenler","Amerikalı Nobel Ödülü sahipleri","Amerikalı mucitler","Amerikalı nükleer fizikçiler","Amerikalı Hristiyanlar","İrlanda asıllı Amerikalılar","Kaliforniya Teknoloji Enstitüsünde öğrenim görenler","Duke Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler","Furman Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler", "Kaliforniya Üniversitesi, Berkeley öğretim üyeleri","Michigan Üniversitesi öğretim üyeleri","Nobel Fizik Ödülü sahipleri","National Inventors Hall of Fame","Comstock Fizik Ödülü sahipleri","Ulusal Bilim Madalyası sahipleri","Deneysel fizikçiler","Ulusal Bilimler Akademisi üyeleri","Ulusal Mühendislik Akademisi üyeleri","Rusya Bilimler Akademisi'nin yabancı üyeleri","Guggenheim Fellows","Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Ulusal Bilim Madalyası sahipleri","Amerikan Bilim ve Sanat Akademisi üyeleri","Bell Labs bilim insanları","Oakland, Kaliforniya'da ölenler","Time Yılın Kişisi","Amerikan Fizik Topluluğu başkanları","IEEE Onur Madalyası sahipleri","Royal Society üyesi Amerikalılar"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"tr","wgPageContentLanguage":"tr","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Charles_Townes","wgRelevantArticleId":1614078,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[], "wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":2}}},"wgStableRevisionId":34001016,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"tr","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"tr"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q184566","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":true,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled" :false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.HizliBilgi","ext.gadget.OpenStreetMap","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tr&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=tr&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tr&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Charles_Townes.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1527"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Charles_Townes.jpg/800px-Charles_Townes.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1018"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Charles_Townes.jpg/640px-Charles_Townes.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="814"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Charles Townes - Vikipedi"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//tr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Townes"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Değiştir" href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Vikipedi (tr)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//tr.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Townes"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.tr"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Vikipedi Atom beslemesi" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:SonDe%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fiklikler&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Charles_Townes rootpage-Charles_Townes skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">İçeriğe atla</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ana menü" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ana menü</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ana menü</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gezinti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Anasayfa" title="Anasayfayı ziyaret et [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Anasayfa</span></a></li><li id="n-Hakkımızda" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Hakk%C4%B1nda"><span>Hakkımızda</span></a></li><li id="n-İçindekiler" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:G%C3%B6z_at"><span>İçindekiler</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Rastgele" title="Rastgele bir sayfaya gidin [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rastgele madde</span></a></li><li id="n-Seçkin-içerik" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Se%C3%A7kin_i%C3%A7erik"><span>Seçkin içerik</span></a></li><li id="n-Yakınımdakiler" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Yak%C4%B1n%C4%B1mdakiler"><span>Yakınımdakiler</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Katılım" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Katılım" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Katılım </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-sandbox" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Deneme_tahtas%C4%B1"><span>Deneme tahtası</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:K%C3%B6y_%C3%A7e%C5%9Fmesi" title="Güncel olaylarla ilgili son bilgiler"><span>Köy çeşmesi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:SonDe%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fiklikler" title="Vikide yapılmış son değişikliklerin listesi [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Son değişiklikler</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Y%C3%BCkle"><span>Dosya yükle</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Topluluk_portali" title="Proje hakkında, neler yapabilirsiniz, ne nerededir"><span>Topluluk portali</span></a></li><li id="n-shop-text" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//shop.wikimedia.org"><span>Wikimedia dükkânı</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:%C4%B0%C3%A7indekiler" title="Yardım almak için"><span>Yardım</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Anasayfa" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipedi" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-tr.svg" style="width: 6.6875em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Özgür Ansiklopedi" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tr.svg" width="104" height="13" style="width: 6.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Ara" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Vikipedi içinde ara [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Ara</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Vikipedi üzerinde ara" aria-label="Vikipedi üzerinde ara" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Vikipedi içinde ara [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Özel:Ara"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ara</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Kişisel araçlar"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Sayfanın yazı tipi boyutunun, genişliğinin ve renginin görünümünü değiştirin" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Görünüm" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Görünüm</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tr.wikipedia.org&uselang=tr" class=""><span>Bağış yapın</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:HesapOlu%C5%9Ftur&returnto=Charles+Townes" title="Bir hesap oluşturup oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir ancak bu zorunlu değildir" class=""><span>Hesap oluştur</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&returnto=Charles+Townes" title="Oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu değildir [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Oturum aç</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Daha fazla seçenek" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Kişisel araçlar" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Kişisel araçlar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Kullanıcı menüsü" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tr.wikipedia.org&uselang=tr"><span>Bağış yapın</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:HesapOlu%C5%9Ftur&returnto=Charles+Townes" title="Bir hesap oluşturup oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir ancak bu zorunlu değildir"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hesap oluştur</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&returnto=Charles+Townes" title="Oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu değildir [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Oturum aç</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Çıkış yapmış editörler için sayfalar <a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:Giri%C5%9F" aria-label="Değişiklik yapma hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinin"><span>daha fazla bilgi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Katk%C4%B1lar%C4%B1m" title="Bu IP adresinden yapılmış değişiklikler listesi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Katkılar</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:MesajSayfam" title="Bu IP adresindeki düzenlemeler hakkında tartışma [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Mesaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="İçindekiler" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Hayatı" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hayatı"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Hayatı</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hayatı-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aldığı_ödüller_ve_onur_nişanları" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aldığı_ödüller_ve_onur_nişanları"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Aldığı ödüller ve onur nişanları</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aldığı_ödüller_ve_onur_nişanları-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynak_kitaplar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynak_kitaplar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kaynak kitaplar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynak_kitaplar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dış_bağlantılar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dış bağlantılar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles Townes</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 74 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="تشارلز تاونز - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشارلز تاونز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="تشارلز تاونز - Mısır Arapçası" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشارلز تاونز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Mısır Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="چارلز هارد تاونز - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چارلز هارد تاونز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Чарлз Хард Таўнс - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чарлз Хард Таўнс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Чарлз Хард Таунс - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чарлз Хард Таунс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8" title="চার্লস হার্ড টাউনস - Bengalce" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চার্লস হার্ড টাউনস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%B5%D8%B2_%D8%A6%DB%8E%DA%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="چارڵز ئێچ تاونز - Orta Kürtçe" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چارڵز ئێچ تاونز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Orta Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BB%CF%82_%CE%A7%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A4%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%82" title="Τσαρλς Χαρντ Τάουνς - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσαρλς Χαρντ Τάουνς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Charles H. Townes" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Charles Townes" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Charles H. Townes" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="چارلز هارد تاونز - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چارلز هارد تاونز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charles Townes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - İrlandaca" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="İrlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Charles Townes" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes - Hakka Çincesi" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Charles H. Townes" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%A1_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="צ'ארלס טאונס - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'ארלס טאונס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="चार्ल्स हार्ड टाउन्स - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चार्ल्स हार्ड टाउन्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes - Haiti Kreyolu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Charles Townes" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haiti Kreyolu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%A6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4_%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%BD" title="Չարլզ Հարդ Թաունս - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չարլզ Հարդ Թաունս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Charles H. Townes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA" title="チャールズ・タウンズ - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チャールズ・タウンズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%96_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="ჩარლზ ტაუნზი - Gürcüce" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩარლზ ტაუნზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gürcüce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Чарлз Хард Таунс - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Чарлз Хард Таунс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B0%B0%EC%8A%A4_%ED%95%98%EB%93%9C_%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="찰스 하드 타운스 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="찰스 하드 타운스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - Kürtçe" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Townes" title="Carolus Townes - Latince" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolus Townes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - Lüksemburgca" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lüksemburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C4%81rlzs_Taunss" title="Čārlzs Taunss - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čārlzs Taunss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Чарлс Хард Таунс - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чарлс Хард Таунс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="चार्ल्स हार्ड टाउन्स - Marathi dili" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चार्ल्स हार्ड टाउन्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Charles H. Townes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="چارلز هارد تاونز - Mazenderanca" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چارلز هارد تاونز" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazenderanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - Aşağı Almanca" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D" title="चार्ल्स् एच् टाउन्स् - Nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चार्ल्स् एच् टाउन्स्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Charles Townes" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes - Oksitan dili" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Charles Townes" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%9A._%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਚਾਰਲਸ ਐਚ. ਟਾਊਨਜ਼ - Pencapça" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਾਰਲਸ ਐਚ. ਟਾਊਨਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pencapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Charles Townes" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%86%D8%B2" title="چارلس ٹاؤنز - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چارلس ٹاؤنز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81,_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Таунс, Чарлз Хард - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Таунс, Чарлз Хард" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D" title="चार्ल्स् एच् टाउन्स् - Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चार्ल्स् एच् टाउन्स्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes - İskoçça" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Charles H. Townes" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="İskoçça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Чарлс Хард Таунс - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чарлс Хард Таунс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Charles H. Townes" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes - Svahili dili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Charles Townes" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D._%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D._%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="சார்லஸ். எச். டவ்ன்ஸ் - Tamilce" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சார்லஸ். எச். டவ்ன்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D2%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Чарлз Һард Таунс - Tatarca" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чарлз Һард Таунс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Чарлз Гард Таунс - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чарлз Гард Таунс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%88_%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3" title="چارلس ہارڈ ٹاونس - Urduca" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چارلس ہارڈ ٹاونس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urduca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Charles H. Townes" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Charles Townes" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%B1%A4%E6%96%AF" title="查尔斯·汤斯 - Wu Çincesi" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="查尔斯·汤斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%96_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ჩარლზ ტაუნსი - Megrelce" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩარლზ ტაუნსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Megrelce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes - Yorubaca" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Charles Hard Townes" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yorubaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%B1%A4%E6%96%AF" title="查尔斯·汤斯 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="查尔斯·汤斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes - Min Nan Çincesi" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Charles H. Townes" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184566#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad alanları"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="İçerik sayfasını göster [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Madde</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Charles_Townes" rel="discussion" title="İçerik ile ilgili tartışma [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Tartışma</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dil varyantını değiştir" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Türkçe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townes"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&action=history" title="Bu sayfanın geçmiş sürümleri [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Araçlar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Araçlar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Araçlar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Daha fazla seçenek" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eylemler </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townes"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&action=history"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Genel </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:SayfayaBa%C4%9Flant%C4%B1lar/Charles_Townes" title="Bu sayfaya bağlantı vermiş tüm viki sayfalarının listesi [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sayfaya bağlantılar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C4%B0lgiliDe%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fiklikler/Charles_Townes" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sayfadan bağlantı verilen sayfalardaki son değişiklikler [k]" accesskey="k"><span>İlgili değişiklikler</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C3%96zelSayfalar" title="Tüm özel sayfaların listesi [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Özel sayfalar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&oldid=34001016" title="Bu sayfanın bu revizyonuna kalıcı bağlantı"><span>Kalıcı bağlantı</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&action=info" title="Bu sayfa hakkında daha fazla bilgi"><span>Sayfa bilgisi</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:KaynakG%C3%B6ster&page=Charles_Townes&id=34001016&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Bu sayfadan nasıl kaynak göstereceği hakkında bilgi"><span>Bu sayfayı kaynak göster</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCharles_Townes"><span>Kısaltılmış URL'yi al</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCharles_Townes"><span>Karekodu indir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Yazdır/dışa aktar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kitap&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Charles+Townes"><span>Bir kitap oluştur</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Charles_Townes&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF olarak indir</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&printable=yes" title="Bu sayfanın basılmaya uygun sürümü [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Basılmaya uygun görünüm</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Diğer projelerde </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Charles_Townes" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184566" title="Veri havuzundaki ilgili ögeye bağlantı [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikiveri ögesi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Görünüm</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gizle</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipedi, özgür ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28603389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Charles Hard Townes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Charles_Townes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Charles_Townes.jpg/220px-Charles_Townes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Charles_Townes.jpg/330px-Charles_Townes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Charles_Townes.jpg/440px-Charles_Townes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doğum</th><td class="infobox-data">28 Temmuz 1915<span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1915-07-28</span>)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_G%C3%BCney_Karolina" title="Greenville, Güney Karolina">Greenville, Güney Karolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ölüm</th><td class="infobox-data">27 Ocak 2015 (99 yaşında)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Milliyet</th><td class="infobox-data kategori"><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">ABD</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mezun olduğu okul(lar)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Furman_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Furman University (sayfa mevcut değil)">Furman University</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">B.S.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a>)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Duke_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Duke Üniversitesi">Duke Üniversitesi</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Master_of_Arts_(postgraduate)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Master of Arts (postgraduate) (sayfa mevcut değil)">M.A.</a>)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="California Institute of Technology">Caltech</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Doktor_(akademik_derece)" title="Doktor (akademik derece)">Ph.D.</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Din</th><td class="infobox-data kategori">Hristiyan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ödüller</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Fizik_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Fizik Ödülü">Nobel Fizik Ödülü</a> (1964)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r28603389"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Kariyeri</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dalı</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik">Fizik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Çalıştığı kurumlar</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California, Berkeley">Berkeley</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Defense_Analyses" title="Institute for Defense Analyses">Institute for Defense Analyses</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia University">Columbia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Teknoloji_Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Massachusetts Teknoloji Enstitüsü">Massachusetts Teknoloji Enstitüsü</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Michigan_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Michigan Üniversitesi">Michigan Üniversitesi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doktora_dan%C4%B1%C5%9Fman%C4%B1" title="Doktora danışmanı">Doktora<br />danışmanı</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Smythe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Smythe (sayfa mevcut değil)">William Smythe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doktora öğrencileri</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ali_Javan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Javan">Ali Javan</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_P._Gordon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James P. Gordon (sayfa mevcut değil)">James P. Gordon</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Boyd_(fizik%C3%A7i)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert W. Boyd (fizikçi) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Robert Boyd</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Y._Chiao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Y. Chiao (sayfa mevcut değil)">Raymond Y. Chiao</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div align="center"></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Charles Hard Townes</b> (d. 28 Temmuz 1915 - ö. 27 Ocak 2015), Amerikan Nobel Ödüllü <a href="/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik">fizikçi</a> ve eğitimci. Townes en çok <a href="/wiki/Maser" class="mw-redirect" title="Maser">maserler</a> üzerindeki teori ve uygulama çalışmaları ile bilinir. Maserlerin ana patentini alan Townes ayrıca maser ve <a href="/wiki/Lazer" title="Lazer">lazer</a> araçları ile bağlantılı <a href="/wiki/Kuantum_opti%C4%9Fi" title="Kuantum optiği">kuantum elektroniği</a> üzerinde de çalışmıştır. Bu çalışmaları nedeniyle 1964 yılında <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Basov" title="Nikolay Basov">Nikolay Basov</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Prohorov" title="Aleksandr Prohorov">Aleksandr Prohorov</a> ile birlikte <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Fizik_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Fizik Ödülü">Nobel Fizik Ödülü</a>'nü kazanmıştır.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hayatı"><span id="Hayat.C4.B1"></span>Hayatı</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Hayatı" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Hayatı"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Townes 1941 yılında eşi Frances H. Brown ile evlendi. Berkeley, California'da yaşadılar. 4 kızları vardı, Linda Rosenwein, Ellen Anderson, Carla Kessler ve Holly Townes. Townes, 27 Ocak, 2015 yılanda 99 yaşında Oakland, California'da hayata gözlerini kapamıştır. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aldığı_ödüller_ve_onur_nişanları"><span id="Ald.C4.B1.C4.9F.C4.B1_.C3.B6d.C3.BCller_ve_onur_ni.C5.9Fanlar.C4.B1"></span>Aldığı ödüller ve onur nişanları</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Aldığı ödüller ve onur nişanları" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Aldığı ödüller ve onur nişanları"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1956 - Ulusal Bilimler Akademisi Asli Üyesi seçildi.</li> <li>1957 - Fen Amerikan Akademisi üyeliğine seçildi [28].</li> <li>1958 - Ulusal Bilim Akademisi Fizik Ödülü'ne layık Comstock [29].</li> <li>1959 - Fizik Amerikan Öğretmenler Derneği Richtmyer Memorial Ödülü'ne layık [30].</li> <li>1961 - Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisleri Enstitüsü ve Fen Amerikan Akademisi tarafından ödüllendirildi <a href="/wiki/Rumford_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Rumford Ödülü">Rumford Ödülü</a> tarafından verilen David Sarnoff Elektronik Ödülü'ne layık.</li> <li>1962 -. Ulusal Bilim Akademisi tarafından verilen Advancement of Science için John J. Carty Ödülü [31]</li> <li>1962 - Franklin Enstitüsü tarafından verilen Stuart Ballantine Madalyası.</li> <li>1963 - Genç Madalya ve Ödül, <a href="/wiki/Fizik_Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Fizik Enstitüsü">Fizik Enstitüsü</a> tarafından sunulan optik alanında seçkin araştırma.</li> <li>1964 - maser ve lazer gelişimine yol açan kuantum elektroniği temel çalışması katkılarından dolayı Nikolay Basov ve Aleksandr Prokhorov ile Nobel Fizik Ödülü.</li> <li>1979 - O atom enerjisinin barışçıl kullanımı katkılarından dolayı, <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>, uluslararası madalya kazandı.</li> <li>1980 - Townes Bilim ve Teknoloji South Carolina Hall evine devlet tarafından müzeye oldu ve aynı zamanda Bilim ve Teknoloji Citation bir South Carolina Hall layık görüldü.</li> <li>1982 - O başkan Ronald Reagan tarafından sunulan Ulusal Bilim Madalyası aldı.</li> <li>1983 - Papalık Bilimler Akademisi atandı.</li> <li>1994 - Rusya Bilimler Akademisi Üyesi seçildi Dışişleri.</li> <li>1996 - Optical Society of America tarafından Frederic Ives Madalyası</li> <li>1997 - Jansky Öğretim Görevlisi Ulusal Radyo Astronomi Gözlemevi önce</li> <li>1998 - <a href="/wiki/Amerikan_Astronomi_Toplulu%C4%9Fu" title="Amerikan Astronomi Topluluğu">Amerikan Astronomi Topluluğu</a> tarafından Henry Norris Russell Öğretmenliğini kazandı.</li> <li>2000 - Rusya Bilimler Akademisi tarafından Lomonosov Altın Madalyası ile ödüllendirilmiştir.</li> <li>2003 - Telluride, Colorado Teknoloji Telluride Tech Festivali Ödülü'ne layık.</li> <li>2004 - Optik İtalyan Derneği ve Fotonik (SIOF) "Galileo" madalya kazandı.</li> <li>2005 - için Templeton Ödülü'nü "Araştırma ve Manevi Gerçekler hakkında Keşifler Karşı İlerleme."</li></ul> <p>O da LeConte Madalyon layık görüldü. </p> <ul><li>2006 - ortak Raj Reddy ile birlikte, Townes Bilim Lifetime Katılımlar ve devlet adamlığı için Vannevar Bush Ödülü'ne layık görüldü</li> <li>2008 - 24 Mayıs'ta Townes Redlands Üniversitesi İnsani Edebiyat Fahri Doktora aldı.</li> <li>2010 - SPIE Altın Madalya</li> <li>2011 -On 14 Mayıs Townes Texas A & M Üniversitesi'nde Bilim Fahri Doktora aldı.</li> <li>2012 - Beklenmedik uygulamalar ile hükûmet tarafından finanse edilen araştırma için Altın Kaz Ödülü'ne layık görüldü.</li> <li>2012 - Makina Mühendisleri American Society Nancy DeLoye Fitzroy ve Roland V. Fitzroy Madalyası</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynak_kitaplar">Kaynak kitaplar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynak kitaplar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynak kitaplar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>M. Bertolotti, <i>History of the Laser</i>, Taylor and Francis, 2004.</li> <li>J.L. Bromberg, <i>The Laser in America, 1950–1970</i>, MIT Press, 1991.</li> <li>R.Y. Chiao, <i>Amazing Light : A Volume Dedicated To Charles Hard Townes On His 80th Birthday</i>, Springer, 1996.</li> <li>J. Hecht, <i>Beam: The Race to Make the Laser</i>, Oxford University Press, 2005.</li> <li>J. Hecht, <i>Laser Pioneers</i>, Academic Press, 1991.</li> <li>N. Taylor, <i>Laser: The Inventor, the Nobel Laureate, and the Thirty-Year Patent War</i>, Citadel, 2003.</li> <li>A.L. Schawlow and C.H. Townes, "Infrared and Optical Masers," Phys. Rev. 112, 1940 (1958).</li> <li>C.H. Townes, <i>Making Waves</i>, AIP Press, 1995.</li> <li>C.H. Townes, <i>How the Laser Happened: Adventures of a Scientist</i>, Oxford University Press, 2000.</li> <li>C.H. Townes and A.L. Schawlow, <i>Microwave Spectroscopy</i>, McGraw-Hill, 1955.</li> <li>F. Townes, <i>Misadventures of a Scientist's Wife</i>, Regent Press, 2007.</li> <li>(with H.M. Foley & W. Low)"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0429&numPages=10&fp=N">Nuclear Quadrupole Moments and Nuclear Shell Structure,</a> 10 Ekim 2012 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010061518/http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0429&numPages=10&fp=N">arşivlendi</a>." <a href="/wiki/Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> (through predecessor agency the <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission (sayfa mevcut değil)">Atomic Energy Commission</a>), (June 23, 1950).</li> <li>(with J. Turkevich)"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0430&numPages=6&fp=N">Hyperfine Structure and Exchange Narrowing of Paramagnetic Resonance,</a> 10 Ekim 2012 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010061527/http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0430&numPages=6&fp=N">arşivlendi</a>." <a href="/wiki/Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> (through predecessor agency the <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission (sayfa mevcut değil)">Atomic Energy Commission</a>), (1950).</li> <li>(with C. Herring & W.D. Knight)"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0431&numPages=6&fp=N">The Effect of Electronic Paramagnetism on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Frequencies in Metals,</a> 10 Ekim 2012 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010061537/http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0431&numPages=6&fp=N">arşivlendi</a>." <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission (sayfa mevcut değil)">Atomic Energy Commission</a>, (September 22, 1950).</li> <li>(with K. Shimoda & T.C. Wang)"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0432&numPages=42&fp=N">Research Investigation Directed Toward Extending the Useful Range of the Electromagnetic Spectrum (Special Technical Report): Further Aspects of the Theory of the Maser.,</a> 10 Ekim 2012 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010061507/http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0432&numPages=42&fp=N">arşivlendi</a>." <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Signal_Corps_(United_States_Army)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Signal Corps (United States Army) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Signal Corps (United States Army)</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Naval_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of Naval Research (sayfa mevcut değil)">Office of Naval Research</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Research_and_Development_Command&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Research and Development Command (sayfa mevcut değil)">Air Research and Development Command</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission (sayfa mevcut değil)">Atomic Energy Commission</a>, (March 01, 1956).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&action=edit&section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1964/townes-bio.html">"Nobel"</a>. 17 Mayıs 2013 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130517134204/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1964/townes-bio.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 23 Mayıs 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nobel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1964%2Ftownes-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Townes" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dış_bağlantılar"><span id="D.C4.B1.C5.9F_ba.C4.9Flant.C4.B1lar"></span>Dış bağlantılar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Dış bağlantılar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&action=edit&section=5" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Dış bağlantılar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/townes.html">Biography and Bibliographic Resources</a> 18 Şubat 2013 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130218055819/http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/townes.html">arşivlendi</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/2005/06.16/05-laser.html5">http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/2005/06.16/05-laser.html5</a> Mart 2016 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305074632/http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/2005/06.16/05-laser.html">arşivlendi</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1964/townes-bio.html">Charles Hard Townes</a> 29 Nisan 2006 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060429151549/http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1964/townes-bio.html">arşivlendi</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060118072443/http://www.metanexus.net/fqx/townes/">Amazing Light: Visions of Discovery (Symposium in honor of Charles Townes)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/history/exhibits/laser/sections/raydevices.html">Bright Idea: The First Lasers (history with interview clips)</a> 3 Ekim 2012 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121003143420/http://www.aip.org/history/exhibits/laser/sections/raydevices.html">arşivlendi</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071215183003/http://isi.ssl.berkeley.edu/">Infrared Spatial Interferometer Array</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060207160716/http://www.physics.berkeley.edu/research/faculty/Townes.html">Research page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/4918.html">Oral History interview transcript with Charles H. Townes 20 and 21 May 1987, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives</a> 25 Mayıs 2013 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130525080231/http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/4918.html">arşivlendi</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130529045808/http://yearofthesciences.furman.edu/Townes_Center_Dedication_program.pdf">Dedication Program for the Charles H. Townes Center for Science, Furman University, 1 Kasım 2008</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nobel_Fizik_Ödülü_sahipleri" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25548259">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Nobel_Fizik_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Şablon:Nobel Fizik Ödülü"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Nobel_Fizik_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Şablon tartışma:Nobel Fizik Ödülü"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Nobel_Fizik_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nobel_Fizik_Ödülü_sahipleri" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Fizik_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Fizik Ödülü">Nobel Fizik Ödülü</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Fizik_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC_sahipleri_listesi" title="Nobel Fizik Ödülü sahipleri listesi">sahipleri</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901-1925</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Wilhelm Röntgen</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Pieter Zeeman</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Henri Becquerel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt" title="John William Strutt">John William Strutt</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Philipp Lenard</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Michelson" title="Albert Michelson">Albert Michelson</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Gabriel Lippmann</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Braun" title="Ferdinand Braun">Ferdinand Braun</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Johannes Diderik van der Waals</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wilhelm Wien</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Gustaf Dalén">Gustaf Dalén</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Max von Laue</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Bragg" title="Lawrence Bragg">Lawrence Bragg</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Bragg" title="William Bragg">William Bragg</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barkla" title="Charles Barkla">Charles Barkla</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Johannes Stark</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Charles Édouard Guillaume</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Millikan" title="Robert A. Millikan">Robert A. Millikan</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">Manne Siegbahn</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">James Franck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz">Gustav Hertz</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926-1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Perrin" title="Jean Perrin">Jean Perrin</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Arthur Compton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wilson_(fizik%C3%A7i)" title="Charles Wilson (fizikçi)">Charles Wilson</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Richardson" title="Owen Richardson">Owen Richardson</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Louis de Broglie</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">C. V. Raman</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hess" title="Victor Hess">Victor Hess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Anderson_(fizik%C3%A7i)" title="Carl Anderson (fizikçi)">Carl Anderson</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Clinton Davisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Thomson_(fizik%C3%A7i)" title="George Thomson (fizikçi)">George Thomson</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Ernest Lawrence</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Otto Stern</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Isaac Rabi</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Bridgman" title="Percy Bridgman">Percy Bridgman</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Appleton" title="Edward Appleton">Edward Appleton</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Patrick Blackett</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukava" title="Hideki Yukava">Hideki Yukava</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._F._Powell" title="C. F. Powell">C. F. Powell</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951-1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">John Cockcroft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Ernest Walton</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Felix Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Purcell" title="Edward Purcell">Edward Purcell</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Frits Zernike</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Walther Bothe</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Lamb" title="Willis Lamb">Willis Lamb</a> / <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Polykarp Kusch</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Brattain" title="Walter Brattain">Walter Brattain</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Chen Ning Yang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">Tsung-Dao Lee</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_%C3%87erenkov" title="Pavel Çerenkov">Pavel Çerenkov</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lya_Frank" title="İlya Frank">İlya Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0gor_Tamm" title="İgor Tamm">İgor Tamm</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Owen Chamberlain</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Donald A. Glaser</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Rudolf Mössbauer</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Lev Landau</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Wigner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Maria Goeppert-Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Jensen" title="Hans Jensen">Hans Jensen</a> (1963)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Basov" title="Nikolay Basov">Nikolay Basov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Prohorov" title="Aleksandr Prohorov">Aleksandr Prohorov</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin%27ichir%C5%8D_Tomonaga" title="Shin'ichirō Tomonaga">Shin'ichirō Tomonaga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Julian Schwinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Alfred Kastler</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Alvarez" title="Luis Alvarez">Luis Alvarez</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Hannes Alfvén</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Louis Néel</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Dennis Gabor</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Leon Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schrieffer" title="Robert Schrieffer">Robert Schrieffer</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Leo Esaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Ivar Giaever</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson">Brian Josephson</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Martin Ryle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Antony Hewish</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aage_Niels_Bohr" title="Aage Niels Bohr">Aage Niels Bohr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_R._Mottelson" title="Ben R. Mottelson">Ben R. Mottelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">James Rainwater</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976-2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._C._Ting" title="Samuel C. C. Ting">Samuel C. C. Ting</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Anderson" title="Philip Anderson">Philip Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Mott" title="Nevill Mott">Nevill Mott</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Van_Vleck" title="John Van Vleck">John Van Vleck</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa" title="Pyotr Kapitsa">Pyotr Kapitsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arno_Penzias" title="Arno Penzias">Arno Penzias</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wilson" title="Robert Wilson">Robert Wilson</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Glashow" title="Sheldon Glashow">Sheldon Glashow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Muhammed_Abd%C3%BCsselam" title="Muhammed Abdüsselam">Muhammed Abdüsselam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">James Cronin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Val_Fitch" title="Val Fitch">Val Fitch</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schawlow" title="Arthur Schawlow">Arthur Schawlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">Kai Siegbahn</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Wilson" title="Kenneth Wilson">Kenneth Wilson</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Fowler" title="William Fowler">William Fowler</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Carlo Rubbia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Simon van der Meer</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">Klaus von Klitzing</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ernst Ruska</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Gerd Binnig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Heinrich Rohrer</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Bednorz" title="Georg Bednorz">Georg Bednorz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alex_M%C3%BCller" title="Alex Müller">Alex Müller</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Lederman" title="Leon Lederman">Leon Lederman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Melvin Schwartz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Ramsey" title="Norman Ramsey">Norman Ramsey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Dehmelt" title="Hans Dehmelt">Hans Dehmelt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Wolfgang Paul</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Friedman" title="Jerome Friedman">Jerome Friedman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kendall_(fizik%C3%A7i)" title="Henry Kendall (fizikçi)">Henry Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(fizik%C3%A7i)" title="Richard Taylor (fizikçi)">Richard Taylor</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Georges Charpak</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Hulse" title="Russell Hulse">Russell Hulse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Taylor" title="Joseph Taylor">Joseph Taylor</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Bertram Brockhouse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Clifford Shull</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Perl" title="Martin Perl">Martin Perl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lee_(fizik%C3%A7i)" title="David Lee (fizikçi)">David Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Osheroff" title="Douglas Osheroff">Douglas Osheroff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Richardson_(fizik%C3%A7i)" title="Robert Richardson (fizikçi)">Robert Richardson</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Steven Chu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Claude Cohen-Tannoudji</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Phillips" title="William Phillips">William Phillips</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Laughlin" title="Robert Laughlin">Robert Laughlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Horst_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Störmer">Horst Störmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Tsui" title="Daniel Tsui">Daniel Tsui</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerard 't Hooft">Gerard 't Hooft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martinus_Veltman" title="Martinus Veltman">Martinus Veltman</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jores_Alfyorov" title="Jores Alfyorov">Jores Alfyorov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Herbert Kroemer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Jack Kilby</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001-günümüz</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Cornell" title="Eric Cornell">Eric Cornell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Wolfgang Ketterle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Carl Wieman</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis" title="Raymond Davis">Raymond Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Masatoshi Koshiba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Abrikosov" title="Aleksey Abrikosov">Aleksey Abrikosov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vitali_Ginzburg" title="Vitali Ginzburg">Vitali Ginzburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Leggett" title="Anthony Leggett">Anthony Leggett</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">David Gross</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Politzer" title="David Politzer">David Politzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Frank Wilczek</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Glauber" title="Roy Glauber">Roy Glauber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hall_(fizik%C3%A7i)" title="John Hall (fizikçi)">John Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor W. Hänsch">Theodor W. Hänsch</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mather" title="John Mather">John Mather</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">George Smoot</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Peter Grünberg</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi" title="Makoto Kobayashi">Makoto Kobayashi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Toshihide Maskawa</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kao" title="Charles Kao">Charles Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Willard Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(fizik%C3%A7i)" title="George Smith (fizikçi)">George Smith</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Andre Geim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Konstantin Novoselov</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Saul Perlmutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Adam Riess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Brian Schmidt</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wineland" title="David Wineland">David Wineland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Serge Haroche</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">François Englert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Isamu Akasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Hiroshi Amano</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Shuji Nakamura</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Takaaki Kajita</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" title="Arthur B. McDonald">Arthur B. McDonald</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Thouless" title="David Thouless">David Thouless</a> / <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Duncan Haldane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kosterlitz" title="Michael Kosterlitz">Michael Kosterlitz</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barry Barish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Kip Thorne</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Arthur Ashkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Gérard Mourou</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Donna Strickland</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Peebles" title="Jim Peebles">Jim Peebles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Michel Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Didier Queloz</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Roger Penrose</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Reinhard Genzel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Ghez" title="Andrea Ghez">Andrea Ghez</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Giorgio Parisi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Klaus Hasselmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Syukuro Manabe</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Alain Aspect</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">John Clauser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Anton Zeilinger</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Pierre Agostini</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Ferenc Krausz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillier" title="Anne L'Huillier">Anne L'Huillier</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">John Hopfield</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Geoffrey Hinton</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Amerikan_Fizik_Topluluğu_başkanları" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:white;background:#00538B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Amerikan_Fizik_Toplulu%C4%9Fu_ba%C5%9Fkanlar%C4%B1" title="Şablon:Amerikan Fizik Topluluğu başkanları"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";color:white;background:#00538B;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Amerikan_Fizik_Toplulu%C4%9Fu_ba%C5%9Fkanlar%C4%B1" title="Şablon tartışma:Amerikan Fizik Topluluğu başkanları"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";color:white;background:#00538B;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Amerikan_Fizik_Toplulu%C4%9Fu_ba%C5%9Fkanlar%C4%B1&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";color:white;background:#00538B;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Amerikan_Fizik_Topluluğu_başkanları" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Amerikan_Fizik_Toplulu%C4%9Fu" title="Amerikan Fizik Topluluğu"><span style="color: #FFFFFF">Amerikan Fizik Topluluğu</span></a> başkanları</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1899-1925</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Augustus_Rowland" title="Henry Augustus Rowland">Henry Augustus Rowland</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Michelson" title="Albert Michelson">Albert Michelson</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Gordon_Webster" title="Arthur Gordon Webster">Arthur Gordon Webster</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Barus" title="Carl Barus">Carl Barus</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Leamington_Nichols" title="Edward Leamington Nichols">Edward Leamington Nichols</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Crew" title="Henry Crew">Henry Crew</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Magie" title="William Francis Magie">William Francis Magie</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Osgood_Peirce" title="Benjamin Osgood Peirce">Benjamin Osgood Peirce</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Merritt" title="Ernest Merritt">Ernest Merritt</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Millikan" title="Robert A. Millikan">Robert A. Millikan</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Andrews_Bumstead" title="Henry Andrews Bumstead">Henry Andrews Bumstead</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sweetman_Ames" title="Joseph Sweetman Ames">Joseph Sweetman Ames</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Lyman" title="Theodore Lyman">Theodore Lyman</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin_Mendenhall" title="Thomas Corwin Mendenhall">Thomas Corwin Mendenhall</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Miller" title="Dayton Miller">Dayton Miller</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926-1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Taylor_Compton" title="Karl Taylor Compton">Karl Taylor Compton</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gale_(astrofizik%C3%A7i)" title="Henry Gale (astrofizikçi)">Henry Gale</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Gray_Swann" title="William Francis Gray Swann">William Francis Gray Swann</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Foote" title="Paul D. Foote">Paul D. Foote</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Arthur Compton</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Wood" title="Robert W. Wood">Robert W. Wood</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_K._Richtmyer" title="Floyd K. Richtmyer">Floyd K. Richtmyer</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_M._Randall" title="Harrison M. Randall">Harrison M. Randall</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_James_Briggs" title="Lyman James Briggs">Lyman James Briggs</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Torrence_Tate" title="John Torrence Tate">John Torrence Tate</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zeleny" title="John Zeleny">John Zeleny</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Pegram" title="George B. Pegram">George B. Pegram</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Walter_Stewart" title="George Walter Stewart">George Walter Stewart</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Bridgman" title="Percy Bridgman">Percy Bridgman</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_W._Hull" title="Albert W. Hull">Albert W. Hull</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Jeffrey_Dempster" title="Arthur Jeffrey Dempster">Arthur Jeffrey Dempster</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Fletcher" title="Harvey Fletcher">Harvey Fletcher</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Condon" title="Edward Condon">Edward Condon</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Alvin_DuBridge" title="Lee Alvin DuBridge">Lee Alvin DuBridge</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Oppenheimer" title="Robert Oppenheimer">Robert Oppenheimer</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Wheeler_Loomis" title="Francis Wheeler Loomis">Francis Wheeler Loomis</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Isaac Rabi</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951-1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lauritsen" title="Charles Lauritsen">Charles Lauritsen</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Vleck" title="John Van Vleck">John Van Vleck</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">H. Bethe</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Thayer_Birge" title="Raymond Thayer Birge">Raymond Thayer Birge</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">E. Wigner</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_DeWolf_Smyth" title="Henry DeWolf Smyth">Henry DeWolf Smyth</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Beams" title="Jesse Beams">Jesse Beams</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Uhlenbeck" title="George Uhlenbeck">George Uhlenbeck</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf">Victor Weisskopf</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Seitz" title="Frederick Seitz">Frederick Seitz</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Vermillion_Houston" title="William Vermillion Houston">William Vermillion Houston</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Harry_Williams" title="John Harry Williams">John Harry Williams</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fox_Bacher" title="Robert Fox Bacher">Robert Bacher</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Felix Bloch</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wheeler" title="John Wheeler">John Wheeler</a> (1966)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles Townes</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Alvarez" title="Luis Alvarez">Luis Alvarez</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Purcell" title="Edward Purcell">Edward Purcell</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Serber" title="Robert Serber">Robert Serber</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_M._Morse" title="Philip M. Morse">Philip M. Morse</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Edward_Mayer" title="Joseph Edward Mayer">Joseph Edward Mayer</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_K._H._Panofsky" title="Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky">Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976-2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Fowler" title="William Fowler">William Fowler</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pake" title="George Pake">George Pake</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Ramsey" title="Norman Ramsey">Norman Ramsey</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_M._Branscomb" title="Lewis M. Branscomb">Lewis M. Branscomb</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Feshbach" title="Herman Feshbach">Herman Feshbach</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schawlow" title="Arthur Schawlow">Arthur Schawlow</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Goldhaber" title="Maurice Goldhaber">Maurice Goldhaber</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Marshak" title="Robert Marshak">Robert Marshak</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Dresselhaus" title="Mildred Dresselhaus">Mildred Dresselhaus</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Wilson" title="Robert R. Wilson">Robert R. Wilson</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Drell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sidney Drell (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sidney Drell</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Fitch" title="Val Fitch">Val Fitch</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Krumhansl" title="James A. Krumhansl">James A. Krumhansl</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Merzbacher" title="Eugen Merzbacher">Eugen Merzbacher</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_M._Henley" title="Ernest M. Henley">Ernest M. Henley</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_N._Langenberg" title="Donald N. Langenberg">Donald N. Langenberg</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Kumar_N._Patel" title="C. Kumar N. Patel">C. Kumar Patel</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schrieffer" title="Robert Schrieffer">Robert Schrieffer</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D._Allan_Bromley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D. Allan Bromley (sayfa mevcut değil)">D. Allan Bromley</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Sessler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Sessler (sayfa mevcut değil)">Andrew Sessler</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Friedman" title="Jerome Friedman">Jerome Friedman</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_S._Langer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James S. Langer (sayfa mevcut değil)">James S. Langer</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001-günümüz</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Trilling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Trilling (sayfa mevcut değil)">George Trilling</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Brinkman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Brinkman (sayfa mevcut değil)">William Brinkman</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myriam_Sarachik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myriam Sarachik (sayfa mevcut değil)">Myriam Sarachik</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Quinn" title="Helen Quinn">Helen Quinn</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marvin_Cohen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marvin Cohen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Marvin Cohen</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">John Hopfield</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Kadanoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo Kadanoff (sayfa mevcut değil)">Leo Kadanoff</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Bienenstock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Bienenstock (sayfa mevcut değil)">Arthur Bienenstock</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry_A._Murray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cherry A. Murray (sayfa mevcut değil)">Cherry A. Murray</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curtis_Callan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curtis Callan (sayfa mevcut değil)">Curtis Callan</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barry Barish</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._Byer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert L. Byer (sayfa mevcut değil)">Robert L. Byer</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Turner_(kozmolojist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Turner (kozmolojist) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Michael Turner</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_Beasley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malcolm Beasley (sayfa mevcut değil)">Malcolm R. Beasley</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Aronson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Aronson (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sam Aronson</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homer_Neal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homer Neal (sayfa mevcut değil)">Homer Neal</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laura_Greene_(fizik%C3%A7i)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laura Greene (fizikçi) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Laura Greene</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Falcone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Falcone (sayfa mevcut değil)">Roger Falcone</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">David Gross</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_H._Bucksbaum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip H. Bucksbaum (sayfa mevcut değil)">Philip H. Bucksbaum</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_James_Gates" title="Sylvester James Gates">Sylvester James Gates Jr.</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frances_Hellman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frances Hellman (sayfa mevcut değil)">Frances Hellman</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Rosner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Rosner (sayfa mevcut değil)">Robert Rosner</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="IEEE_Onur_Madalyası" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:IEEE_Onur_Madalyas%C4%B1" title="Şablon:IEEE Onur Madalyası"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:IEEE_Onur_Madalyas%C4%B1" title="Şablon tartışma:IEEE Onur Madalyası"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:IEEE_Onur_Madalyas%C4%B1&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="IEEE_Onur_Madalyası" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/IEEE" title="IEEE">IEEE</a> <a href="/wiki/IEEE_Onur_Madalyas%C4%B1" title="IEEE Onur Madalyası">Onur Madalyası</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1917–1925</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_H._Armstrong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin H. Armstrong (sayfa mevcut değil)">Edwin H. Armstrong</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Alexanderson" title="Ernst Alexanderson">Ernst Alexanderson</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reginald_Aubrey_Fessenden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (sayfa mevcut değil)">Reginald A. Fessenden</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_De_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee De Forest">Lee De Forest</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Stone_Stone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Stone Stone (sayfa mevcut değil)">John Stone Stone</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_I._Pupin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael I. Pupin (sayfa mevcut değil)">Michael I. Pupin</a> (1924)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenleaf_Whittier_Pickard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenleaf Whittier Pickard (sayfa mevcut değil)">Greenleaf W. Pickard</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_W._Austin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis W. Austin (sayfa mevcut değil)">Louis W. Austin</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Zenneck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonathan Zenneck (sayfa mevcut değil)">Jonathan Zenneck</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_W._Pierce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George W. Pierce (sayfa mevcut değil)">George W. Pierce</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peder_Oluf_Pedersen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peder Oluf Pedersen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Peder Oluf Pedersen</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustave_A._Ferrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustave A. Ferrie (sayfa mevcut değil)">Gustave A. Ferrie</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Edwin_Kennelly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Edwin Kennelly (sayfa mevcut değil)">Arthur Edwin Kennelly</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Ambrose_Fleming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Ambrose Fleming (sayfa mevcut değil)">John Ambrose Fleming</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_C._Hooper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanford C. Hooper (sayfa mevcut değil)">Stanford C. Hooper</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balthasar_van_der_Pol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balthasar van der Pol (sayfa mevcut değil)">Balthasar van der Pol</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Ashley_Campbell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Ashley Campbell (sayfa mevcut değil)">George Ashley Campbell</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melville_Eastham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melville Eastham (sayfa mevcut değil)">Melville Eastham</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_H._Dellinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John H. Dellinger (sayfa mevcut değil)">John H. Dellinger</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_G._Lee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert G. Lee (sayfa mevcut değil)">Albert G. Lee</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Espenschied&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lloyd Espenschied (sayfa mevcut değil)">Lloyd Espenschied</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Norton_Goldsmith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Norton Goldsmith (sayfa mevcut değil)">Alfred N. Goldsmith</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_H._Taylor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert H. Taylor (sayfa mevcut değil)">Albert H. Taylor</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Wilson_(physicist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Wilson (physicist) (sayfa mevcut değil)">William Wilson</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haraden_Pratt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haraden Pratt (sayfa mevcut değil)">Haraden Pratt</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_H._Beverage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold H. Beverage (sayfa mevcut değil)">Harold H. Beverage</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Hartley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Hartley (sayfa mevcut değil)">Ralph Hartley</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_C._F._Horle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence C. F. Horle (sayfa mevcut değil)">Lawrence C. F. Horle</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Bown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Bown (sayfa mevcut değil)">Ralph Bown</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Terman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Terman (sayfa mevcut değil)">Frederick Terman</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Zworykin" title="Vladimir Zworykin">Vladimir Zworykin</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Ransom_Gail_Baker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Ransom Gail Baker (sayfa mevcut değil)">Walter Ransom Gail Baker</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Milton_Miller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Milton Miller (sayfa mevcut değil)">John Milton Miller</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Littell_Everitt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Littell Everitt (sayfa mevcut değil)">William Littell Everitt</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harald_T._Friis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harald T. Friis (sayfa mevcut değil)">Harald T. Friis</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_V._L._Hogan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John V. L. Hogan (sayfa mevcut değil)">John V. L. Hogan</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Adams_Stratton" title="Julius Adams Stratton">Julius Adams Stratton</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_W._Hull" title="Albert W. Hull">Albert W. Hull</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emory_Leon_Chaffee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emory Leon Chaffee (sayfa mevcut değil)">Emory Leon Chaffee</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Nyquist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Nyquist (sayfa mevcut değil)">Harry Nyquist</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Guillemin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Guillemin (sayfa mevcut değil)">Ernst Guillemin</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Edward Victor Appleton</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_C._Southworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George C. Southworth (sayfa mevcut değil)">George C. Southworth</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hays_Hammond_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hays Hammond Jr. (sayfa mevcut değil)">John Hays Hammond Jr.</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_A._Wheeler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold A. Wheeler (sayfa mevcut değil)">Harold A. Wheeler</a> (1964)</li> <li><i>-</i> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Elwood_Shannon" title="Claude Elwood Shannon">Claude Elwood Shannon</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles H. Townes</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_K._Teal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gordon K. Teal (sayfa mevcut değil)">Gordon K. Teal</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Ginzton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Ginzton (sayfa mevcut değil)">Edward Ginzton</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Dennis Gabor</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jay_W._Forester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jay W. Forester (sayfa mevcut değil)">Jay W. Forester</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Kompfner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Kompfner (sayfa mevcut değil)">Rudolf Kompfner</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Kalman" title="Rudolf Kalman">Rudolf Kalman</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Robinson_Pierce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Robinson Pierce (sayfa mevcut değil)">John Robinson Pierce</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>-</i> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H._Earle_Vaughan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. Earle Vaughan (sayfa mevcut değil)">H. Earle Vaughan</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Noyce" title="Robert Noyce">Robert Noyce</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Bellman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Bellman (sayfa mevcut değil)">Richard Bellman</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Darlington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sidney Darlington (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sidney Darlington</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tukey" title="John Tukey">John Tukey</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_F._Ramsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman F. Ramsey">Norman F. Ramsey</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Roy_Whinnery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Roy Whinnery (sayfa mevcut değil)">John Roy Whinnery</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Jack Kilby</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Paul Lauterbur</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Quate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calvin Quate (sayfa mevcut değil)">Calvin Quate</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._Kumar_Patel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. Kumar Patel (sayfa mevcut değil)">C. Kumar Patel</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_G._Gallager&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert G. Gallager (sayfa mevcut değil)">Robert G. Gallager</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Leo Esaki</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_E._Joel,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amos E. Joel, Jr. (sayfa mevcut değil)">Amos E. Joel, Jr.</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Johan_%C3%85str%C3%B6m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Johan Åström (sayfa mevcut değil)">Karl Johan Åström</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Y._Cho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Y. Cho (sayfa mevcut değil)">Alfred Y. Cho</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCtfi_Zade" title="Lütfi Zade">Lütfi A. Zade</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Robert Metcalfe</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_H._Heilmeier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George H. Heilmeier (sayfa mevcut değil)">George H. Heilmeier</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Pederson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Pederson (sayfa mevcut değil)">Donald Pederson</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Concordia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Concordia (sayfa mevcut değil)">Charles Concordia</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Grove" title="Andrew Grove">Andrew Grove</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herwig_Kogelnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herwig Kogelnik (sayfa mevcut değil)">Herwig Kogelnik</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Herbert Kroemer</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Holonyak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nick Holonyak (sayfa mevcut değil)">Nick Holonyak</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadahiro_Sekimoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tadahiro Sekimoto (sayfa mevcut değil)">Tadahiro Sekimoto</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Flanagan_(engineer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Flanagan (engineer) (sayfa mevcut değil)"> James Flanagan</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_D._Meindl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James D. Meindl (sayfa mevcut değil)">James D. Meindl</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Kailath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Kailath (sayfa mevcut değil)">Thomas Kailath</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Moore" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon Moore">Gordon Moore</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_H._Dennard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert H. Dennard (sayfa mevcut değil)">Robert H. Dennard</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Viterbi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Viterbi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Andrew Viterbi</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Chang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morris Chang (sayfa mevcut değil)">Morris Chang</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Hennessy" title="John L. Hennessy">John L. Hennessy</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irwin_M._Jacobs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irwin M. Jacobs (sayfa mevcut değil)">Irwin M. Jacobs</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B._Jayant_Baliga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B. Jayant Baliga (sayfa mevcut değil)">B. Jayant Baliga</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Dresselhaus" title="Mildred Dresselhaus">Mildred Dresselhaus</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G._David_Forney,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G. David Forney, Jr. (sayfa mevcut değil)">G. David Forney, Jr.</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kees_Schouhamer_Immink&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kees Schouhamer Immink (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kees Schouhamer Immink</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bradford_W._Parkinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bradford W. Parkinson (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bradford W. Parkinson</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_E._Petersen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt E. Petersen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kurt E. Petersen</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chenming_Hu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chenming Hu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Chenming Hu</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184566&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184566&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otorite_kontrol%C3%BC" title="Otorite kontrolü">Otorite kontrolü</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184566" title="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin"><img alt="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fransa_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Fransa Millî Kütüphanesi">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12305115g">cb12305115g</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12305115g">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katalonya_Ad_ve_Unvan_Yetkili_Katalo%C4%9Fu" title="Katalonya Ad ve Unvan Yetkili Kataloğu">CANTIC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a1091402x">a1091402x</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03869145?l=en">DA03869145</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/DBLP" title="DBLP">DBLP</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dblp.org/pid/42/11359">42/11359</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCmle%C5%9Fik_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Tümleşik Otorite Dosyası">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119451182">119451182</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Ad_Tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Ad Tanımlayıcısı">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000109089265">0000 0001 0908 9265</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kongre_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi_Kontrol_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Kongre Kütüphanesi Kontrol Numarası">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n84800620">n84800620</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/ef7ba93b-b9ac-4d27-8df8-e61587d36951">ef7ba93b-b9ac-4d27-8df8-e61587d36951</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">MGP</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=181584">181584</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_Diyet_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Millî Diyet Kütüphanesi">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00797063">00797063</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ek_Cumhuriyeti_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Çek Cumhuriyeti Millî Kütüphanesi">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20040722009&CON_LNG=ENG">jx20040722009</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0srail_Ulusal_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="İsrail Ulusal Kütüphanesi">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007442876305171">987007442876305171</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hollanda_Kraliyet_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Hollanda Kraliyet Kütüphanesi">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p100761089">100761089</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/368879">368879</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w65j9hqx">w65j9hqx</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cniversiteleraras%C4%B1_Belgeleme_Sistemi" title="Üniversitelerarası Belgeleme Sistemi">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/03192610X">03192610X</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Sanal_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Sanal Otorite Dosyası">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/64072227">64072227</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a> (LCCN): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n84-800620">n84-800620</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&oldid=34001016">https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&oldid=34001016</a>" sayfasından alınmıştır</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Kategoriler" title="Özel:Kategoriler">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:1915_do%C4%9Fumlular" title="Kategori:1915 doğumlular">1915 doğumlular</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Greenville,_G%C3%BCney_Karolina_do%C4%9Fumlular" title="Kategori:Greenville, Güney Karolina doğumlular">Greenville, Güney Karolina doğumlular</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:2015_y%C4%B1l%C4%B1nda_%C3%B6lenler" title="Kategori:2015 yılında ölenler">2015 yılında ölenler</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Amerikal%C4%B1_Nobel_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC_sahipleri" title="Kategori:Amerikalı Nobel Ödülü sahipleri">Amerikalı Nobel Ödülü sahipleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Amerikal%C4%B1_mucitler" title="Kategori:Amerikalı mucitler">Amerikalı mucitler</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Amerikal%C4%B1_n%C3%BCkleer_fizik%C3%A7iler" title="Kategori:Amerikalı nükleer fizikçiler">Amerikalı nükleer fizikçiler</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Amerikal%C4%B1_Hristiyanlar" title="Kategori:Amerikalı Hristiyanlar">Amerikalı Hristiyanlar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:%C4%B0rlanda_as%C4%B1ll%C4%B1_Amerikal%C4%B1lar" title="Kategori:İrlanda asıllı Amerikalılar">İrlanda asıllı Amerikalılar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kaliforniya_Teknoloji_Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BCnde_%C3%B6%C4%9Frenim_g%C3%B6renler" title="Kategori:Kaliforniya Teknoloji Enstitüsünde öğrenim görenler">Kaliforniya Teknoloji Enstitüsünde öğrenim görenler</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Duke_%C3%9Cniversitesinde_%C3%B6%C4%9Frenim_g%C3%B6renler" title="Kategori:Duke Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler">Duke Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Furman_%C3%9Cniversitesinde_%C3%B6%C4%9Frenim_g%C3%B6renler" title="Kategori:Furman Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler">Furman Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kaliforniya_%C3%9Cniversitesi,_Berkeley_%C3%B6%C4%9Fretim_%C3%BCyeleri" title="Kategori:Kaliforniya Üniversitesi, Berkeley öğretim üyeleri">Kaliforniya Üniversitesi, Berkeley öğretim üyeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Michigan_%C3%9Cniversitesi_%C3%B6%C4%9Fretim_%C3%BCyeleri" title="Kategori:Michigan Üniversitesi öğretim üyeleri">Michigan Üniversitesi öğretim üyeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Nobel_Fizik_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC_sahipleri" title="Kategori:Nobel Fizik Ödülü sahipleri">Nobel Fizik Ödülü sahipleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:National_Inventors_Hall_of_Fame" title="Kategori:National Inventors Hall of Fame">National Inventors Hall of Fame</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Comstock_Fizik_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC_sahipleri" title="Kategori:Comstock Fizik Ödülü sahipleri">Comstock Fizik Ödülü sahipleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ulusal_Bilim_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri" title="Kategori:Ulusal Bilim Madalyası sahipleri">Ulusal Bilim Madalyası sahipleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Deneysel_fizik%C3%A7iler" title="Kategori:Deneysel fizikçiler">Deneysel fizikçiler</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ulusal_Bilimler_Akademisi_%C3%BCyeleri" title="Kategori:Ulusal Bilimler Akademisi üyeleri">Ulusal Bilimler Akademisi üyeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ulusal_M%C3%BChendislik_Akademisi_%C3%BCyeleri" title="Kategori:Ulusal Mühendislik Akademisi üyeleri">Ulusal Mühendislik Akademisi üyeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rusya_Bilimler_Akademisi%27nin_yabanc%C4%B1_%C3%BCyeleri" title="Kategori:Rusya Bilimler Akademisi'nin yabancı üyeleri">Rusya Bilimler Akademisi'nin yabancı üyeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Guggenheim_Fellows" title="Kategori:Guggenheim Fellows">Guggenheim Fellows</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_Ulusal_Bilim_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri" title="Kategori:Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Ulusal Bilim Madalyası sahipleri">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Ulusal Bilim Madalyası sahipleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Amerikan_Bilim_ve_Sanat_Akademisi_%C3%BCyeleri" title="Kategori:Amerikan Bilim ve Sanat Akademisi üyeleri">Amerikan Bilim ve Sanat Akademisi üyeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bell_Labs_bilim_insanlar%C4%B1" title="Kategori:Bell Labs bilim insanları">Bell Labs bilim insanları</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Oakland,_Kaliforniya%27da_%C3%B6lenler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Oakland, Kaliforniya'da ölenler (sayfa mevcut değil)">Oakland, Kaliforniya'da ölenler</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Time_Y%C4%B1l%C4%B1n_Ki%C5%9Fisi" title="Kategori:Time Yılın Kişisi">Time Yılın Kişisi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Amerikan_Fizik_Toplulu%C4%9Fu_ba%C5%9Fkanlar%C4%B1" title="Kategori:Amerikan Fizik Topluluğu başkanları">Amerikan Fizik Topluluğu başkanları</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:IEEE_Onur_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri" title="Kategori:IEEE Onur Madalyası sahipleri">IEEE Onur Madalyası sahipleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Royal_Society_%C3%BCyesi_Amerikal%C4%B1lar" title="Kategori:Royal Society üyesi Amerikalılar">Royal Society üyesi Amerikalılar</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Gizli kategoriler: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bilgi_alt_kutulu_maddeler" title="Kategori:Bilgi alt kutulu maddeler">Bilgi alt kutulu maddeler</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Webar%C5%9Fiv_%C5%9Fablonu_wayback_ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1lar%C4%B1" title="Kategori:Webarşiv şablonu wayback bağlantıları">Webarşiv şablonu wayback bağlantıları</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:BNF_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:BNF tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">BNF tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CANTIC_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:CANTIC tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">CANTIC tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CINII_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:CINII tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">CINII tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:DBLP_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:DBLP tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">DBLP tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:GND_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:GND tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">GND tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:ISNI_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:ISNI tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">ISNI tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:LCCN_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:LCCN tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">LCCN tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:MusicBrainz_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:MusicBrainz tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">MusicBrainz tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:MGP_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:MGP tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">MGP tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:NDL_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:NDL tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">NDL tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:NKC_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:NKC tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">NKC tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:NLI_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:NLI tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">NLI tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:NTA_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:NTA tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">NTA tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:SELIBR_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:SELIBR tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">SELIBR tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:SNAC-ID_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:SNAC-ID tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">SNAC-ID tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:SUDOC_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:SUDOC tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">SUDOC tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:VIAF_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:VIAF tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">VIAF tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:WorldCat-LCCN_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_i%C3%A7eren_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:WorldCat-LCCN tanımlayıcısı içeren Vikipedi maddeleri">WorldCat-LCCN tanımlayıcısı içeren Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sayfa en son 13.43, 15 Ekim 2024 tarihinde değiştirildi.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Metin <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.tr">Creative Commons Atıf-AynıLisanslaPaylaş Lisansı</a> altındadır ve ek koşullar uygulanabilir. Bu siteyi kullanarak <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/tr">Kullanım Şartlarını</a> ve <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/tr">Gizlilik Politikasını</a> kabul etmiş olursunuz.<br />Vikipedi® (ve Wikipedia®) kâr amacı gütmeyen kuruluş olan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a> tescilli markasıdır.<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Gizlilik politikası</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Hakk%C4%B1nda">Vikipedi hakkında</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Genel_sorumluluk_reddi">Sorumluluk reddi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Davranış Kuralları</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Geliştiriciler</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/tr.wikipedia.org">İstatistikler</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Çerez politikası</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//tr.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Townes&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobil görünüm</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-78f4c97c5d-xq924","wgBackendResponseTime":215,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.320","walltime":"0.726","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1739,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":91422,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3427,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":17,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":6622,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 371.084 1 -total"," 51.67% 191.756 1 Şablon:Bilim_insanı_bilgi_kutusu"," 51.09% 189.604 2 Şablon:Bilgi_kutusu"," 50.29% 186.630 1 Şablon:Kişi_bilgi_kutusu"," 15.38% 57.076 1 Şablon:Kaynakça"," 13.50% 50.086 3 Şablon:Dolaşım"," 12.55% 46.556 1 Şablon:Nobel_Fizik_Ödülü"," 10.57% 39.217 1 Şablon:Web_kaynağı"," 9.97% 37.006 1 Şablon:Otorite_kontrolü"," 9.95% 36.923 5 Şablon:Br_ile_ayrılmış_maddeler"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.143","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3745373,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-745f94f9f8-w57nq","timestamp":"20241120055400","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Charles Townes","url":"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Townes","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q184566","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q184566","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia projelerine katk\u0131da bulunanlar"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-05-23T07:06:46Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/54\/Charles_Townes.jpg","headline":"Amerikal\u0131 fizik\u00e7i (1915 \u2013 2015)"}</script> </body> </html>