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style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Stenaulorhynchus</i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Anisian" title="Anisian">Anisian</a><br />~<span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">247–242 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:136.4px; font-size:50%"><div style="position:relative; left:-0.42em">↓</div></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Stenaulorhynchus_stockleyi_skull_Tubingen.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Stenaulorhynchus_stockleyi_skull_Tubingen.JPG/250px-Stenaulorhynchus_stockleyi_skull_Tubingen.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Stenaulorhynchus_stockleyi_skull_Tubingen.JPG/375px-Stenaulorhynchus_stockleyi_skull_Tubingen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Stenaulorhynchus_stockleyi_skull_Tubingen.JPG/500px-Stenaulorhynchus_stockleyi_skull_Tubingen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2668" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i>Stenaulorhynchus stockleyi</i> on display at the Museum of Paleontology, Tübingen </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Stenaulorhynchus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">Reptilia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Rhynchosaur" title="Rhynchosaur">Rhynchosauria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Rhynchosauridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhynchosauridae">Rhynchosauridae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Stenaulorhynchinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stenaulorhynchinae">Stenaulorhynchinae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Stenaulorhynchus</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Sidney_H._Haughton" title="Sidney H. Haughton">Haughton</a>, <a href="/wiki/1932_in_paleontology" title="1932 in paleontology">1932</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Species </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">†</a><i><b>S. stockleyi</b></i> <small> Haughton, 1932 (<a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type</a>)</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Stenaulorhynchus</b></i> (possibly meaning "narrow tube beak") is an <a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a> <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rhynchosaur" title="Rhynchosaur">hyperodapedontid rhynchosaur</a> known from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Triassic" title="Middle Triassic">Middle Triassic</a> (late <a href="/wiki/Anisian" title="Anisian">Anisian</a> stage) deposits of <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_Territory" title="Tanganyika Territory">Tanganyika Territory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>. It was found in the Lifua Member of the <a href="/wiki/Manda_Formation" title="Manda Formation">Manda Formation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Karoo_Supergroup" title="Karoo Supergroup">Karoo Supergroup</a>. It was named and first described by <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Henry_Haughton" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidney Henry Haughton">Sidney Henry Haughton</a> in <a href="/wiki/1932_in_paleontology" title="1932 in paleontology">1932</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a> is <i>Stenaulorhynchus stockleyi</i>, a beaked herbivore measuring 1–6 meters in length.<sup id="cite_ref-Haughton_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haughton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Histology_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Histology-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stenaulorhynchus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dentition">Dentition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stenaulorhynchus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dentition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The teeth of <i>Stenaulorhynchus</i> were conical, pointed, and composed mostly of dentine, although new unworn teeth may have had a thin layer of enamel. They were set deeply into and fused with the jaw bones.<sup id="cite_ref-Teeth_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teeth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Heterochrony_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heterochrony-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are arranged with two-to-several rows of teeth on top and only a few on bottom. The middle row of maxillary teeth only occupied the posterior third of the jaw while the other rows extended all the way forwards and sometimes down the crest of the jaw. The teeth at the front of the mouth, by the beak, were smaller with larger teeth in the middle portion of the jaw.<sup id="cite_ref-Teeth_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teeth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lower teeth included one raised row of buccal teeth and several rows running diagonally on the medial and lingual portions. The teeth continued to grow throughout the animals life but, unlike with reptiles, the new teeth formed at the back of the tooth row.<sup id="cite_ref-Teeth_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teeth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Heterochrony_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heterochrony-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That happened within the groove on the surface of the lower jaw and three grooves on the maxilla. The lateral As they grew in, the teeth moved forward in the jaw through a combination of growth and remodeling.<sup id="cite_ref-Teeth_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teeth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead of occluding their teeth together, <i>Stenaulorhynchus</i> had teeth that occluded against bone, which would wear the teeth down. Over time, the surfaces of the jaw bones would erode as well, causing the maxillary grooves to become shallower and more rounded.<sup id="cite_ref-Teeth_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teeth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cranial">Cranial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stenaulorhynchus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cranial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the cranial features of <i>Stenaulorhynchus</i> include a frontal bone that is broader than it is long, the presence of a pineal foramen and a lack of ornamention on the jugal bone.<sup id="cite_ref-England_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-England-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-India_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-India-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their postorbital The occipital condyles are significantly anterior to the quadrates and the quadrate and articular fit tightly together to form a jaw joint that wouldn't have allowed for much rotation.<sup id="cite_ref-Teeth_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teeth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-England_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-England-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They area also known for their beak, formed at the front of their upper and lower jaws. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postcranial">Postcranial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stenaulorhynchus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Postcranial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The dorsal vertebrae have a centrum that is taller than it is wide and slightly amphicoelous in shape. The parapophyses and prezygapophyses are distinct that have articular surfaces about 30 degrees above horizontal.<sup id="cite_ref-Brazil_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brazil-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The caudal vertebrae have tall neural spines and the second cervical rib has a backwards pointing spine.<sup id="cite_ref-England_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-England-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their ischium fans out towards the rear of the animal.<sup id="cite_ref-England_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-England-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The humerus is robust. At the proximal end, the shaft is bent backwards and expanded along the coronal plane. The distal humerus has a flat posterior surface and a curved ectepicondylar groove.<sup id="cite_ref-Haughton_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haughton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The radius and ulna are the same length.<sup id="cite_ref-England_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-England-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The femur is circular in cross-section and, as with the humerus, the proximal end is bent backwards. Both ends of the femur are expanded and the proximal end has no neck and a prominent greater trochanter. The distal end has thickened condyles with a groove on the lateral side.<sup id="cite_ref-Haughton_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haughton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paleobiology">Paleobiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stenaulorhynchus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Paleobiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Histology" title="Histology">Microscopic analysis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thin_section" title="Thin section">thin-sections</a> of bone have shown that <i>Stenaulorhynchus</i> had a determinant growth pattern, reaching 2/3 of their adult size within one year.<sup id="cite_ref-Histology_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Histology-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rate of bone deposition in the tibia and femur were 7-10 times higher within that year than in years 2-5. After 5 years of age, less than 1 micron of bone a day was deposited.<sup id="cite_ref-Histology_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Histology-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It would have grown slower than <a href="/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes">archosauriformes</a>, the South American rhynchosaur species, <a href="/wiki/Saurischia" title="Saurischia">saurischian</a> dinosaurs, and birds.<sup id="cite_ref-Histology_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Histology-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Stenaulorhynchus</i> continued to grow teeth throughout its life. Juveniles started out with three rows of upper teeth, with only one lateral to the main groove running along the upper surface of the maxilla. By the time they were adults, <i>Stenaulorhynchus</i> had several rows of maxillary teeth, one or more of which were lateral to the main maxillary groove.<sup id="cite_ref-Heterochrony_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heterochrony-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Teeth_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teeth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Older teeth would wear down with use and be resorbed where they contacted other teeth.<sup id="cite_ref-Teeth_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teeth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Stenaulorhynchus</i> may have been adapted for <a href="/wiki/Fossorial" title="Fossorial">scratch-digging</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Huene_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huene-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-England_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-England-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery">Discovery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stenaulorhynchus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Discovery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fossils were collected in 1930 by the British geologist G. M. Stockley during a survey commissioned by the Tanganyika Geological Survey Department. The goal was to better understand the "economic possibilities" of the Ruhaha Basin within Tanganyika Territory.<sup id="cite_ref-Haughton_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haughton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Geology_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geology-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He primarily collected fossils that had weathered out of the rock on the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-Haughton_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haughton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fossil collection was then described by <a href="/wiki/Sidney_H._Haughton" title="Sidney H. Haughton">Sidney Henry Haughton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Haughton_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haughton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <i>Stenaulorhynchus</i> is the dominant vertebrate in the Manda beds, they also included a <a href="/wiki/Dicynodont" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicynodont">Dicynodont</a> and vertebrae from an unidentified <a href="/wiki/Theropoda" title="Theropoda">Theropod</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Early_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Early-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The specimens weren't all correctly labeled since bones from different localities fit together. More surprisingly, a <a href="/wiki/Coprolite" title="Coprolite">coprolite</a> was mislabeled as a maxillary fragment.<sup id="cite_ref-Haughton_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haughton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-England_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-England-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haughton also described a species which he named <i>Stenaulorhynchus major,</i> which he said differed primarily in size, based on a distal left and right humerus fragments.<sup id="cite_ref-Haughton_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haughton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Early_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Early-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those specimens were later identified as <i><a href="/wiki/Stagonosuchus" title="Stagonosuchus">Stagonosuchus nyassicus</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Suchia" title="Suchia">suchian</a> <a href="/wiki/Archosaur" title="Archosaur">archosaur</a> from the same locality and horizon.<sup id="cite_ref-Early_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Early-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stenaulorhynchus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Stenaulorhynchus</i> shares characteristics with other early rhynchosaurs, including their ankylothecodont dentition (teeth within deep sockets and fused to the bone) and precision-shear bite.<sup id="cite_ref-Teeth_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teeth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also have double-bladed dentaries and grooves on the upper surface of the maxilla.<sup id="cite_ref-Madagascar_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madagascar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the differences between them is that <i>Stenaulorhynchus</i> had smaller maxillary teeth with a larger gap between the tooth rows.<sup id="cite_ref-England_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-England-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Stenaulorhynchus</i> is differentiated from the later <a href="/wiki/Hyperodapedon" title="Hyperodapedon"><i>Hyperadapedon</i></a> by its more lateral eyes, more forward braincase, and longer lower jaw with the teeth located more anteriorly.<sup id="cite_ref-Teeth_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teeth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-England_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-England-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hyperadapedons also lack the double-bladed dentary that the early genera have. The only absolute <a href="/wiki/Synapomorphy_and_apomorphy" class="mw-redirect" title="Synapomorphy and apomorphy">synapomorphy</a> between all the rhynchosaurs is that the dentary is at least half the total length of the jaw.<sup id="cite_ref-England_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-England-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stenaulorhynchinae, a subfamily of rhynchosaurs including <i>Stenaulorhhynchus</i>, has been proposed. Based on an analysis of morphological characteristics, one study defines it as including all taxa that are more closely related to <i>Stenaulorhynchus stockleyi</i> than <i>Hyperodapedon gordoni</i>. The defining traits include having many teeth on the tongue side of the maxilla and a reduced size of the maxillary occlusal teeth allowing more teeth per row.<sup id="cite_ref-Brazil_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brazil-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Stenaulorhynchus</i> has also been labeled as a <a href="/wiki/Sister_group" title="Sister group">sister-taxa</a> to the Brazilian genus <i><a href="/wiki/Brasinorhynchus" title="Brasinorhynchus">Brasinorhynchus</a></i> which also has three or more tooth rows medial to the main maxillary groove but lacks the centrum contribution to the parapophyses and diaphophyses.<sup id="cite_ref-Haughton_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haughton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brazil_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brazil-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stenaulorhynchus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Stenaulorhynchus</i> is found in the Upper Bone Bed in the Njalili locality, part of the Lifua Member of the Manda Formation.<sup id="cite_ref-Haughton_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haughton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Early_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Early-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Huene_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huene-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Teeth_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teeth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is composed of proximal floodplain paleosol deposits. Articulated specimens of <i>Stenaulorhynchus</i> have been found, suggesting that they may have mummified before burial.<sup id="cite_ref-Geology_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geology-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The surface of the bed has been exposed by tributaries eroding away the rock.<sup id="cite_ref-Geology_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geology-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Triassic, the floodplain would have been covered by springs and ponds. Rises in precipitation and mean annual temperature may have led to an increase in perennial vegetation, as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Geology_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geology-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stenaulorhynchus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Haughton-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Haughton_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haughton_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haughton_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haughton_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haughton_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haughton_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haughton_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haughton_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haughton_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haughton_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSidney_H._Haughton1932" class="citation journal cs1">Sidney H. 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"A new rhynchosaur from south Brazil (Santa Maria Formation) and rhynchosaur diversity patterns across the Middle-Late Triassic boundary". <i>Paläontologische Zeitschrift</i>. <b>90</b> (3): 593–609. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12542-016-0307-7">10.1007/s12542-016-0307-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11449%2F161986">11449/161986</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:130644209">130644209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pal%C3%A4ontologische+Zeitschrift&rft.atitle=A+new+rhynchosaur+from+south+Brazil+%28Santa+Maria+Formation%29+and+rhynchosaur+diversity+patterns+across+the+Middle-Late+Triassic+boundary.&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=593-609&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11449%2F161986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A130644209%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12542-016-0307-7&rft.au=Schultz%2C+Cesar+Leandro&rft.au=Langer%2C+Max+Cardoso&rft.au=Montefeltro&rft.au=Filipe+Chinaglia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStenaulorhynchus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Huene-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Huene_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Huene_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedrich_von_Huene1938" class="citation journal cs1">Friedrich von Huene (1938). 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Neue Folge. <b>6</b>: 83–121.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nova+Acta+Leopoldina&rft.atitle=Stenaulorhynchus%2C+ein+Rhynchosauride+der+ostafrikanischer+Obertrias&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=83-121&rft.date=1938&rft.au=Friedrich+von+Huene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStenaulorhynchus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geology-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Geology_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geology_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geology_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geology_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoger_M._H._SmithChristian_A._SidorKenneth_D._AngielczykSterling_J._Nesbitt2017" class="citation journal cs1">Roger M. H. Smith; Christian A. Sidor; Kenneth D. Angielczyk; Sterling J. Nesbitt; Niel J. Tabor. (2017). "Taphonomy and paleoenvironments of Middle Triassic bone accumulations in the Lifua Member of the Manda Beds, Songea Group (Ruhuhu Basin), Tanzania". <i>Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology</i>. <b>31</b> (sup1): 65–79. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02724634.2017.1415915">10.1080/02724634.2017.1415915</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:89704370">89704370</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.atitle=Taphonomy+and+paleoenvironments+of+Middle+Triassic+bone+accumulations+in+the+Lifua+Member+of+the+Manda+Beds%2C+Songea+Group+%28Ruhuhu+Basin%29%2C+Tanzania&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=sup1&rft.pages=65-79&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02724634.2017.1415915&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A89704370%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Roger+M.+H.+Smith&rft.au=Christian+A.+Sidor&rft.au=Kenneth+D.+Angielczyk&rft.au=Sterling+J.+Nesbitt&rft.au=Niel+J.+Tabor.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStenaulorhynchus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Early-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Early_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Early_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Early_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Early_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEzcurra,_Martín_D.Montefeltro,_FilipeButler,_Richard_J.2016" class="citation journal cs1">Ezcurra, Martín D.; Montefeltro, Filipe; Butler, Richard J. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffevo.2015.00142">"The Early Evolution of Rhynchosaurs"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution</i>. <b>3</b> (1): 1–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffevo.2015.00142">10.3389/fevo.2015.00142</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11336%2F44040">11336/44040</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Ecology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=The+Early+Evolution+of+Rhynchosaurs.&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-23&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11336%2F44040&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffevo.2015.00142&rft.au=Ezcurra%2C+Mart%C3%ADn+D.&rft.au=Montefeltro%2C+Filipe&rft.au=Butler%2C+Richard+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3389%252Ffevo.2015.00142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStenaulorhynchus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Madagascar-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Madagascar_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanger,_M.Boniface,_M.Cuny,_G.Barbieri,_L.2000" class="citation journal cs1">Langer, M.; Boniface, M.; Cuny, G.; Barbieri, L. (2000). "The phylogenetic position of Isalorhynchus genovefae, a Late Triassic rhynchosaur from Madagascar". <i>Annales de Paléontologie</i>. <b>86</b> (2): 101–127. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0753-3969%2800%2980002-6">10.1016/s0753-3969(00)80002-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annales+de+Pal%C3%A9ontologie&rft.atitle=The+phylogenetic+position+of+Isalorhynchus+genovefae%2C+a+Late+Triassic+rhynchosaur+from+Madagascar&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=101-127&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0753-3969%2800%2980002-6&rft.au=Langer%2C+M.&rft.au=Boniface%2C+M.&rft.au=Cuny%2C+G.&rft.au=Barbieri%2C+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStenaulorhynchus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Kingdom:_Animalia_*_Phylum:_Chordata_*_Class:_Sauropsida_*_Clade:_Archosauromorpha_*_Clade:_Crocopoda" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Crocopoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocopoda">Crocopoda</a></li></ul> </span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sauropsida" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Sauropsida" title="Template:Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Archosauromorpha" title="Template:Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rhynchosaur" title="Rhynchosaur">Rhynchosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:115%"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Rhynchosaur" title="Rhynchosaur">Rhynchosauria</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Rhynchosauria" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rhynchosaur" title="Rhynchosaur">Rhynchosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Colobops" title="Colobops">Colobops</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eohyosaurus" title="Eohyosaurus">Eohyosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Howesia" title="Howesia">Howesia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesosuchus" title="Mesosuchus">Mesosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noteosuchus" title="Noteosuchus">Noteosuchus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rhynchosauridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhynchosauridae">Rhynchosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bentonyx" title="Bentonyx">Bentonyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eifelosaurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eifelosaurus (page does not exist)">Eifelosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fodonyx" title="Fodonyx">Fodonyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Langeronyx" title="Langeronyx">Langeronyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhynchosaurus" title="Rhynchosaurus">Rhynchosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stenaulorhynchinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stenaulorhynchinae">Stenaulorhynchinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ammorhynchus" title="Ammorhynchus">Ammorhynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brasinorhynchus" title="Brasinorhynchus">Brasinorhynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elorhynchus" title="Elorhynchus">Elorhynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesodapedon" title="Mesodapedon">Mesodapedon</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stenaulorhynchus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hyperodapedontinae" title="Hyperodapedontinae">Hyperodapedontinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Beesiiwo" title="Beesiiwo">Beesiiwo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyperodapedon" title="Hyperodapedon">Hyperodapedon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isalorhynchus" title="Isalorhynchus">Isalorhynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macrocephalosaurus" title="Macrocephalosaurus">Macrocephalosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oryctorhynchus" title="Oryctorhynchus">Oryctorhynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paradapedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Paradapedon">Paradapedon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Supradapedon" title="Supradapedon">Supradapedon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teyumbaita" title="Teyumbaita">Teyumbaita</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyperodapedon_sanjuanensis.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis"><img alt="Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Hyperodapedon_sanjuanensis.png/140px-Hyperodapedon_sanjuanensis.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Hyperodapedon_sanjuanensis.png/210px-Hyperodapedon_sanjuanensis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Hyperodapedon_sanjuanensis.png/280px-Hyperodapedon_sanjuanensis.png 2x" data-file-width="1618" data-file-height="770" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Rhynchosaurs" title="Category:Rhynchosaurs">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Stenaulorhynchus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16759006" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q16759006">Q16759006</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/24179583">24179583</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/4821977">4821977</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1252871">1252871</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=4126784">4126784</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38214">38214</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stenaulorhynchus&oldid=1195778922">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stenaulorhynchus&oldid=1195778922</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rhynchosaurs" title="Category:Rhynchosaurs">Rhynchosaurs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Middle_Triassic_reptiles_of_Africa" title="Category:Middle Triassic reptiles of Africa">Middle Triassic reptiles of Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anisian_life" title="Category:Anisian 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