CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>  <title>SIA, Author at Singapore Institute of Architects</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/" /> <link rel="next" href="https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/page/2/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="profile" /> <meta property="og:title" content="SIA, Author at Singapore Institute of Architects" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Singapore Institute of Architects" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/sia-logo-small.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="100" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="102" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"ProfilePage","@id":"https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/","url":"https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/","name":"SIA, Author at Singapore Institute of Architects","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://sia.org.sg/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://sia.org.sg/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Archives for SIA"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://sia.org.sg/#website","url":"https://sia.org.sg/","name":"Singapore Institute of Architects","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https://sia.org.sg/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://sia.org.sg/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://sia.org.sg/#organization","name":"Singapore Institute of Architects","url":"https://sia.org.sg/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://sia.org.sg/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/sia-logo-e1534727866749.png","contentUrl":"https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/sia-logo-e1534727866749.png","width":100,"height":102,"caption":"Singapore Institute of Architects"},"image":{"@id":"https://sia.org.sg/#/schema/logo/image/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://sia.org.sg/#/schema/person/e8fd73ef6fada5b7f615405f7299dac0","name":"SIA","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://sia.org.sg/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/sia-logo-small.png","contentUrl":"https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/sia-logo-small.png","caption":"SIA"},"mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/"}}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Singapore Institute of Architects » Feed" href="https://sia.org.sg/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Singapore Institute of Architects » Comments Feed" href="https://sia.org.sg/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/calendar" title="Singapore Institute of Architects » iCal Feed" href="https://sia.org.sg/calendar/?ical=1" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Singapore Institute of Architects » Posts by SIA Feed" href="https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/feed/" />  <script src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-XLQNMQX8B7" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" async></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false"> var em_version = '8.2.2'; var em_track_user = true; var em_no_track_reason = ''; var ExactMetricsDefaultLocations = {"page_location":"https:\/\/sia.org.sg\/author\/sia\/"}; if ( typeof ExactMetricsPrivacyGuardFilter === 'function' ) { var ExactMetricsLocations = (typeof ExactMetricsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? ExactMetricsPrivacyGuardFilter( ExactMetricsExcludeQuery ) : ExactMetricsPrivacyGuardFilter( ExactMetricsDefaultLocations ); } else { var ExactMetricsLocations = (typeof ExactMetricsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? ExactMetricsExcludeQuery : ExactMetricsDefaultLocations; } var disableStrs = [ 'ga-disable-G-XLQNMQX8B7', ]; /* Function to detect opted out users */ function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { return true; } } return false; } /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */ if (__gtagTrackerIsOptedOut()) { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } /* Opt-out function */ function __gtagTrackerOptout() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { function gaOptout() { __gtagTrackerOptout(); } } window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.ExactMetricsDualTracker = { helpers: {}, trackers: {}, }; if (em_track_user) { function __gtagDataLayer() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { if (!parameters) { parameters = {}; } if (parameters.send_to) { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); return; } if (type === 'event') { parameters.send_to = exactmetrics_frontend.v4_id; var hookName = name; if (typeof parameters['event_category'] !== 'undefined') { hookName = parameters['event_category'] + ':' + name; } if (typeof ExactMetricsDualTracker.trackers[hookName] !== 'undefined') { ExactMetricsDualTracker.trackers[hookName](parameters); } else { __gtagDataLayer('event', name, parameters); } } else { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); } } __gtagTracker('js', new Date()); __gtagTracker('set', { 'developer_id.dNDMyYj': true, }); if ( ExactMetricsLocations.page_location ) { __gtagTracker('set', ExactMetricsLocations); } __gtagTracker('config', 'G-XLQNMQX8B7', {"forceSSL":"true"} ); window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. */ var noopfn = function () { return null; }; var newtracker = function () { return new Tracker(); }; var Tracker = function () { return null; }; var p = Tracker.prototype; p.get = noopfn; p.set = noopfn; p.send = function () { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); args.unshift('send'); __gaTracker.apply(null, args); }; var __gaTracker = function () { var len = arguments.length; if (len === 0) { return; } var f = arguments[len - 1]; if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { if ('send' === arguments[0]) { var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action; if ('event' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': arguments[3], 'eventCategory': arguments[2], 'eventLabel': arguments[4], 'value': arguments[5] ? arguments[5] : 1, } } } if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': 'page_view', 'page_path': arguments[2], } } } if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { hitObject = arguments[2]; } if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); } if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { hitObject = arguments[1]; if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; } } if (hitObject) { action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject); __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); } } return; } function mapArgs(args) { var arg, hit = {}; var gaMap = { 'eventCategory': 'event_category', 'eventAction': 'event_action', 'eventLabel': 'event_label', 'eventValue': 'event_value', 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', 'timingCategory': 'event_category', 'timingVar': 'name', 'timingValue': 'value', 'timingLabel': 'event_label', 'page': 'page_path', 'location': 'page_location', 'title': 'page_title', 'referrer' : 'page_referrer', }; for (arg in args) { if (!(!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; } else { hit[arg] = args[arg]; } } return hit; } try { f.hitCallback(); } catch (ex) { } }; __gaTracker.create = newtracker; __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; __gaTracker.getAll = function () { return []; }; __gaTracker.remove = noopfn; __gaTracker.loaded = true; window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; })(); } else { console.log(""); (function () { function __gtagTracker() { return null; } window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; })(); } </script>  <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/sia.org.sg\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-theme-css-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/css/minified/style.min.css?ver=4.8.6' media='all' /> <style id='astra-theme-css-inline-css'> .ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull {margin-left: calc( -50vw + 50%);margin-right: calc( -50vw + 50%);max-width: 100vw;width: 100vw;}.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide {margin-left: calc(-41vw + 50%);margin-right: calc(-41vw + 50%);max-width: unset;width: unset;}.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull .alignfull,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull .alignwide,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide .alignfull,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide .alignwide,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignfull,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignwide{width: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;}.wp-block-gallery,.blocks-gallery-grid {margin: 0;}.wp-block-separator {max-width: 100px;}.wp-block-separator.is-style-wide,.wp-block-separator.is-style-dots {max-width: none;}.entry-content .has-2-columns .wp-block-column:first-child {padding-right: 10px;}.entry-content .has-2-columns .wp-block-column:last-child {padding-left: 10px;}@media (max-width: 782px) {.entry-content .wp-block-columns .wp-block-column {flex-basis: 100%;}.entry-content .has-2-columns .wp-block-column:first-child {padding-right: 0;}.entry-content .has-2-columns .wp-block-column:last-child {padding-left: 0;}}body .entry-content .wp-block-latest-posts {margin-left: 0;}body .entry-content .wp-block-latest-posts li {list-style: none;}.ast-no-sidebar .ast-container .entry-content .wp-block-latest-posts {margin-left: 0;}.ast-header-break-point .entry-content .alignwide {margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;}.entry-content .blocks-gallery-item img {margin-bottom: auto;}.wp-block-pullquote {border-top: 4px solid #555d66;border-bottom: 4px solid #555d66;color: #40464d;}:root{--ast-post-nav-space:0;--ast-container-default-xlg-padding:6.67em;--ast-container-default-lg-padding:5.67em;--ast-container-default-slg-padding:4.34em;--ast-container-default-md-padding:3.34em;--ast-container-default-sm-padding:6.67em;--ast-container-default-xs-padding:2.4em;--ast-container-default-xxs-padding:1.4em;--ast-code-block-background:#EEEEEE;--ast-comment-inputs-background:#FAFAFA;--ast-normal-container-width:1200px;--ast-narrow-container-width:750px;--ast-blog-title-font-weight:normal;--ast-blog-meta-weight:inherit;}html{font-size:118.75%;}a,.page-title{color:#7a7a7a;}a:hover,a:focus{color:#ff7802;}body,button,input,select,textarea,.ast-button,.ast-custom-button{font-family:'Roboto',sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:19px;font-size:1rem;line-height:var(--ast-body-line-height,1.7em);}blockquote{color:#2f2f2f;}h1,.entry-content h1,h2,.entry-content h2,h3,.entry-content h3,h4,.entry-content h4,h5,.entry-content h5,h6,.entry-content h6,.site-title,.site-title a{font-weight:600;}.ast-site-identity .site-title a{color:#ffffff;}.ast-site-identity .site-title a:hover{color:#ff7802;}.site-title{font-size:25px;font-size:1.3157894736842rem;display:none;}header .custom-logo-link img{max-width:50px;width:50px;}.astra-logo-svg{width:50px;}.site-header .site-description{font-size:15px;font-size:0.78947368421053rem;display:none;}.entry-title{font-size:40px;font-size:2.1052631578947rem;}.archive .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner,.blog .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner,.archive .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner:hover,.blog .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner:hover{overflow:hidden;}h1,.entry-content h1{font-size:42px;font-size:2.2105263157895rem;line-height:1.4em;}h2,.entry-content h2{font-size:30px;font-size:1.5789473684211rem;line-height:1.3em;}h3,.entry-content h3{font-size:25px;font-size:1.3157894736842rem;line-height:1.3em;}h4,.entry-content h4{font-size:20px;font-size:1.0526315789474rem;line-height:1.2em;}h5,.entry-content h5{font-size:18px;font-size:0.94736842105263rem;line-height:1.2em;}h6,.entry-content h6{font-size:15px;font-size:0.78947368421053rem;line-height:1.25em;}::selection{background-color:#ff7802;color:#000000;}body,h1,.entry-title a,.entry-content h1,h2,.entry-content h2,h3,.entry-content h3,h4,.entry-content h4,h5,.entry-content h5,h6,.entry-content h6{color:#7a7a7a;}.tagcloud a:hover,.tagcloud a:focus,.tagcloud a.current-item{color:#ffffff;border-color:#7a7a7a;background-color:#7a7a7a;}input:focus,input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,textarea:focus{border-color:#7a7a7a;}input[type="radio"]:checked,input[type=reset],input[type="checkbox"]:checked,input[type="checkbox"]:hover:checked,input[type="checkbox"]:focus:checked,input[type=range]::-webkit-slider-thumb{border-color:#7a7a7a;background-color:#7a7a7a;box-shadow:none;}.site-footer a:hover + .post-count,.site-footer a:focus + .post-count{background:#7a7a7a;border-color:#7a7a7a;}.single .nav-links .nav-previous,.single .nav-links .nav-next{color:#7a7a7a;}.entry-meta,.entry-meta *{line-height:1.45;color:#7a7a7a;}.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):hover,.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):hover *,.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):focus,.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):focus *,.page-links > .page-link,.page-links .page-link:hover,.post-navigation a:hover{color:#ff7802;}#cat option,.secondary .calendar_wrap thead a,.secondary .calendar_wrap thead a:visited{color:#7a7a7a;}.secondary .calendar_wrap #today,.ast-progress-val span{background:#7a7a7a;}.secondary a:hover + .post-count,.secondary a:focus + .post-count{background:#7a7a7a;border-color:#7a7a7a;}.calendar_wrap #today > a{color:#ffffff;}.page-links .page-link,.single .post-navigation a{color:#7a7a7a;}.ast-search-menu-icon .search-form button.search-submit{padding:0 4px;}.ast-search-menu-icon form.search-form{padding-right:0;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-form,.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-field:focus{transition:all 0.2s;}.search-form input.search-field:focus{outline:none;}.ast-archive-title{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}.widget-title,.widget .wp-block-heading{font-size:27px;font-size:1.4210526315789rem;color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}.single .ast-author-details .author-title{color:#ff7802;}#secondary,#secondary button,#secondary input,#secondary select,#secondary textarea{font-size:19px;font-size:1rem;}.ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search a:focus-visible:focus-visible,.astra-search-icon:focus-visible,#close:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,.ast-menu-toggle:focus-visible,.site .skip-link:focus-visible,.wp-block-loginout input:focus-visible,.wp-block-search.wp-block-search__button-inside .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper,.ast-header-navigation-arrow:focus-visible,.woocommerce .wc-proceed-to-checkout > .checkout-button:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-MyAccount-navigation ul li a:focus-visible,.ast-orders-table__row .ast-orders-table__cell:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-order-details .order-again > .button:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-message a.button.wc-forward:focus-visible,.woocommerce #minus_qty:focus-visible,.woocommerce #plus_qty:focus-visible,a#ast-apply-coupon:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-info a:focus-visible,.woocommerce .astra-shop-summary-wrap a:focus-visible,.woocommerce a.wc-forward:focus-visible,#ast-apply-coupon:focus-visible,.woocommerce-js .woocommerce-mini-cart-item a.remove:focus-visible,#close:focus-visible,.button.search-submit:focus-visible,#search_submit:focus,.normal-search:focus-visible,.ast-header-account-wrap:focus-visible,.woocommerce .ast-on-card-button.ast-quick-view-trigger:focus{outline-style:dotted;outline-color:inherit;outline-width:thin;}input:focus,input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,input[type="number"]:focus,textarea:focus,.wp-block-search__input:focus,[data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .ast-mobile-menu-trigger-minimal:focus,.ast-mobile-popup-drawer.active .menu-toggle-close:focus,.woocommerce-ordering select.orderby:focus,#ast-scroll-top:focus,#coupon_code:focus,.woocommerce-page #comment:focus,.woocommerce #reviews #respond input#submit:focus,.woocommerce a.add_to_cart_button:focus,.woocommerce .button.single_add_to_cart_button:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-cart-form button:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-cart-form__cart-item .quantity .qty:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-billing-fields .woocommerce-billing-fields__field-wrapper .woocommerce-input-wrapper > .input-text:focus,.woocommerce #order_comments:focus,.woocommerce #place_order:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-address-fields .woocommerce-address-fields__field-wrapper .woocommerce-input-wrapper > .input-text:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-MyAccount-content form button:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-MyAccount-content .woocommerce-EditAccountForm .woocommerce-form-row .woocommerce-Input.input-text:focus,.woocommerce .ast-woocommerce-container .woocommerce-pagination ul.page-numbers li a:focus,body #content .woocommerce form .form-row .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single:focus,#ast-coupon-code:focus,.woocommerce.woocommerce-js .quantity input[type=number]:focus,.woocommerce-js .woocommerce-mini-cart-item .quantity input[type=number]:focus,.woocommerce p#ast-coupon-trigger:focus{border-style:dotted;border-color:inherit;border-width:thin;}input{outline:none;}.main-header-menu .menu-link,.ast-header-custom-item a{color:#7a7a7a;}.main-header-menu .menu-item:hover > .menu-link,.main-header-menu .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle,.main-header-menu .ast-masthead-custom-menu-items a:hover,.main-header-menu .menu-item.focus > .menu-link,.main-header-menu .menu-item.focus > .ast-menu-toggle,.main-header-menu .current-menu-item > .menu-link,.main-header-menu .current-menu-ancestor > .menu-link,.main-header-menu .current-menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle,.main-header-menu .current-menu-ancestor > .ast-menu-toggle{color:#7a7a7a;}.header-main-layout-3 .ast-main-header-bar-alignment{margin-right:auto;}.header-main-layout-2 .site-header-section-left .ast-site-identity{text-align:left;}.ast-logo-title-inline .site-logo-img{padding-right:1em;}.site-logo-img img{ transition:all 0.2s linear;}body .ast-oembed-container *{position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;left:0;}body .wp-block-embed-pocket-casts .ast-oembed-container *{position:unset;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-menu-buttons-minimal.menu-toggle{background:transparent;color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-menu-buttons-outline.menu-toggle{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--ast-global-color-0);color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-menu-buttons-fill.menu-toggle{background:var(--ast-global-color-0);}.ast-single-post-featured-section + article {margin-top: 2em;}.site-content .ast-single-post-featured-section img {width: 100%;overflow: hidden;object-fit: cover;}.site > .ast-single-related-posts-container {margin-top: 0;}@media (min-width: 769px) {.ast-desktop .ast-container--narrow {max-width: var(--ast-narrow-container-width);margin: 0 auto;}}#secondary {margin: 4em 0 2.5em;word-break: break-word;line-height: 2;}#secondary li {margin-bottom: 0.25em;}#secondary li:last-child {margin-bottom: 0;}@media (max-width: 768px) {.js_active .ast-plain-container.ast-single-post #secondary {margin-top: 1.5em;}}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget {background-color: #fff;padding: 2em;margin-bottom: 2em;}@media (min-width: 993px) {.ast-left-sidebar #secondary {padding-right: 60px;}.ast-right-sidebar #secondary {padding-left: 60px;}}@media (max-width: 993px) {.ast-right-sidebar #secondary {padding-left: 30px;}.ast-left-sidebar #secondary {padding-right: 30px;}}.ast-small-footer > .ast-footer-overlay{background-color:#343e47;;}.footer-adv .footer-adv-overlay{border-top-style:solid;border-top-color:#7a7a7a;}.wp-block-buttons.aligncenter{justify-content:center;}@media (max-width:782px){.entry-content .wp-block-columns .wp-block-column{margin-left:0px;}}.wp-block-image.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.wp-block-table.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link.wp-element-button,.ast-outline-button,.wp-block-uagb-buttons-child .uagb-buttons-repeater.ast-outline-button{border-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-width:2px;font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:1em;border-top-left-radius:2px;border-top-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px;}.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:hover,.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:focus,.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.is-style-outline > .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color):hover,.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-text-color):hover,.ast-outline-button:hover,.ast-outline-button:focus,.wp-block-uagb-buttons-child .uagb-buttons-repeater.ast-outline-button:hover,.wp-block-uagb-buttons-child .uagb-buttons-repeater.ast-outline-button:focus{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.wp-element-button.is-style-outline:not(.has-background),.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link.wp-element-button:not(.has-background),.ast-outline-button{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}.entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] > figure{margin-bottom:1em;}@media (max-width:768px){.ast-separate-container #primary,.ast-separate-container #secondary{padding:1.5em 0;}#primary,#secondary{padding:1.5em 0;margin:0;}.ast-left-sidebar #content > .ast-container{display:flex;flex-direction:column-reverse;width:100%;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single{padding:1.5em 2.14em;}.ast-author-box img.avatar{margin:20px 0 0 0;}}@media (min-width:768px){.ast-author-box img.avatar{margin:20px 0 0 0;}}@media (max-width:768px){#secondary.secondary{padding-top:0;}.ast-separate-container.ast-right-sidebar #secondary{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary{padding-left:0;padding-right:0;}.ast-page-builder-template .entry-header #secondary,.ast-page-builder-template #secondary{margin-top:1.5em;}}@media (max-width:768px){.ast-right-sidebar #primary{padding-right:0;}.ast-page-builder-template.ast-left-sidebar #secondary,.ast-page-builder-template.ast-right-sidebar #secondary{padding-right:20px;padding-left:20px;}.ast-right-sidebar #secondary,.ast-left-sidebar #primary{padding-left:0;}.ast-left-sidebar #secondary{padding-right:0;}}@media (min-width:769px){.ast-separate-container.ast-right-sidebar #primary,.ast-separate-container.ast-left-sidebar #primary{border:0;}.search-no-results.ast-separate-container #primary{margin-bottom:4em;}.ast-author-box{-js-display:flex;display:flex;}.ast-author-bio{flex:1;}}@media (min-width:769px){.ast-right-sidebar #primary{border-right:1px solid var(--ast-border-color);}.ast-left-sidebar #primary{border-left:1px solid var(--ast-border-color);}.ast-right-sidebar #secondary{border-left:1px solid var(--ast-border-color);margin-left:-1px;}.ast-left-sidebar #secondary{border-right:1px solid var(--ast-border-color);margin-right:-1px;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container.ast-right-sidebar #secondary{padding-left:30px;padding-right:0;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container.ast-left-sidebar #secondary{padding-right:30px;padding-left:0;}.ast-separate-container.ast-right-sidebar #secondary,.ast-separate-container.ast-left-sidebar #secondary{border:0;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}}.menu-toggle,button,.ast-button,.ast-custom-button,.button,input#submit,input[type="button"],input[type="submit"],input[type="reset"]{color:#000000;border-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);border-top-left-radius:2px;border-top-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px;padding-top:10px;padding-right:40px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:40px;font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;}button:focus,.menu-toggle:hover,button:hover,.ast-button:hover,.ast-custom-button:hover .button:hover,.ast-custom-button:hover,input[type=reset]:hover,input[type=reset]:focus,input#submit:hover,input#submit:focus,input[type="button"]:hover,input[type="button"]:focus,input[type="submit"]:hover,input[type="submit"]:focus{color:#000000;background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);border-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}@media (max-width:768px){.ast-mobile-header-stack .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon{display:inline-block;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-outside .ast-mobile-header-stack .main-header-bar .ast-search-icon{margin:0;}.ast-comment-avatar-wrap img{max-width:2.5em;}.ast-comment-meta{padding:0 1.8888em 1.3333em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1{padding:1.5em 2.14em;}.ast-separate-container .comment-respond{padding:2em 2.14em;}}@media (min-width:544px){.ast-container{max-width:100%;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single,.ast-separate-container .comments-title,.ast-separate-container .ast-archive-description{padding:1.5em 1em;}.ast-separate-container #content .ast-container{padding-left:0.54em;padding-right:0.54em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list .bypostauthor{padding:.5em;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-field{width:170px;}.ast-separate-container #secondary{padding-top:0;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget{margin-bottom:1.5em;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;}.site-branding img,.site-header .site-logo-img .custom-logo-link img{max-width:100%;}} #ast-mobile-header .ast-site-header-cart-li a{pointer-events:none;}.entry-content > .wp-block-group,.entry-content > .wp-block-media-text,.entry-content > .wp-block-cover,.entry-content > .wp-block-columns{max-width:58em;width:calc(100% - 4em);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.entry-content [class*="__inner-container"] > .alignfull{max-width:100%;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.entry-content [class*="__inner-container"] > *:not(.alignwide):not(.alignfull):not(.alignleft):not(.alignright){margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.entry-content [class*="__inner-container"] > *:not(.alignwide):not(p):not(.alignfull):not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.is-style-wide):not(iframe){max-width:50rem;width:100%;}@media (min-width:768px){.entry-content > .wp-block-group.alignwide.has-background,.entry-content > .wp-block-group.alignfull.has-background,.entry-content > .wp-block-cover.alignwide,.entry-content > .wp-block-cover.alignfull,.entry-content > .wp-block-columns.has-background.alignwide,.entry-content > .wp-block-columns.has-background.alignfull{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding:6em 4em;}.entry-content > .wp-block-columns.has-background{margin-bottom:0;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.entry-content .alignfull p{max-width:1200px;}.entry-content .alignfull{max-width:100%;width:100%;}.ast-page-builder-template .entry-content .alignwide,.entry-content [class*="__inner-container"] > .alignwide{max-width:1200px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.entry-content .alignfull [class*="__inner-container"] > .alignwide{max-width:80rem;}}@media (min-width:545px){.site-main .entry-content > .alignwide{margin:0 auto;}.wp-block-group.has-background,.entry-content > .wp-block-cover,.entry-content > .wp-block-columns.has-background{padding:4em;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;}.entry-content .wp-block-media-text.alignfull .wp-block-media-text__content,.entry-content .wp-block-media-text.has-background .wp-block-media-text__content{padding:0 8%;}}@media (max-width:768px){.site-title{display:none;}.site-header .site-description{display:none;}h1,.entry-content h1{font-size:30px;}h2,.entry-content h2{font-size:25px;}h3,.entry-content h3{font-size:20px;}}@media (max-width:544px){.site-title{font-size:20px;font-size:1.0526315789474rem;display:block;}.site-header .site-description{display:none;}h1,.entry-content h1{font-size:30px;}h2,.entry-content h2{font-size:25px;}h3,.entry-content h3{font-size:20px;}}@media (max-width:768px){html{font-size:108.3%;}}@media (max-width:544px){html{font-size:108.3%;}}@media (min-width:769px){.ast-container{max-width:1240px;}}@font-face {font-family: "Astra";src: url(https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/fonts/astra.woff) format("woff"),url(https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/fonts/astra.ttf) format("truetype"),url(https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/fonts/astra.svg#astra) format("svg");font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-display: fallback;}@media (max-width:921px) {.main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation{display:none;}}.ast-blog-layout-classic-grid .ast-article-inner{box-shadow:0px 6px 15px -2px rgba(16,24,40,0.05);}.ast-separate-container .ast-blog-layout-classic-grid .ast-article-inner,.ast-plain-container .ast-blog-layout-classic-grid .ast-article-inner{height:100%;}.ast-blog-layout-6-grid .ast-blog-featured-section:before {content: "";}.cat-links.badge a,.tags-links.badge a {padding: 4px 8px;border-radius: 3px;font-weight: 400;}.cat-links.underline a,.tags-links.underline a{text-decoration: underline;}.ast-desktop .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{border-color:#ff7802;}.ast-desktop .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .sub-menu{border-top-width:2px;border-style:solid;}.ast-desktop .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .sub-menu .sub-menu{top:-2px;}.ast-desktop .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .sub-menu .menu-link,.ast-desktop .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .children .menu-link{border-bottom-width:0px;border-style:solid;border-color:#eaeaea;}@media (min-width:769px){.main-header-menu .sub-menu .menu-item.ast-left-align-sub-menu:hover > .sub-menu,.main-header-menu .sub-menu .menu-item.ast-left-align-sub-menu.focus > .sub-menu{margin-left:-0px;}}.site .comments-area{padding-bottom:3em;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .ast-search-icon {display: none;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form {padding: 0;display: block;overflow: hidden;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-custom-item .widget:last-child {margin-bottom: 1em;}.ast-header-custom-item .widget {margin: 0.5em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;}.ast-header-custom-item .widget p {margin-bottom: 0;}.ast-header-custom-item .widget li {width: auto;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside .button-custom-menu-item .menu-link {display: none;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside.ast-header-break-point .button-custom-menu-item .ast-custom-button-link {display: none;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside.ast-header-break-point .button-custom-menu-item .menu-link {display: block;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-outside .main-header-bar .ast-search-icon {margin-right: 1em;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon .search-field,.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-field {width: 100%;padding-right: 5.5em;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon .search-submit {display: block;position: absolute;height: 100%;top: 0;right: 0;padding: 0 1em;border-radius: 0;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-custom-item .ast-masthead-custom-menu-items {padding-left: 20px;padding-right: 20px;margin-bottom: 1em;margin-top: 1em;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside.ast-header-break-point .button-custom-menu-item {padding-left: 0;padding-right: 0;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;}.astra-icon-down_arrow::after {content: "\e900";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-close::after {content: "\e5cd";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-drag_handle::after {content: "\e25d";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-format_align_justify::after {content: "\e235";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-menu::after {content: "\e5d2";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-reorder::after {content: "\e8fe";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-search::after {content: "\e8b6";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-zoom_in::after {content: "\e56b";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-check-circle::after {content: "\e901";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-shopping-cart::after {content: "\f07a";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-shopping-bag::after {content: "\f290";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-shopping-basket::after {content: "\f291";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-circle-o::after {content: "\e903";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-certificate::after {content: "\e902";font-family: Astra;}.wp-block-file {display: flex;align-items: center;flex-wrap: wrap;justify-content: space-between;}.wp-block-pullquote {border: none;}.wp-block-pullquote blockquote::before {content: "\201D";font-family: "Helvetica",sans-serif;display: flex;transform: rotate( 180deg );font-size: 6rem;font-style: normal;line-height: 1;font-weight: bold;align-items: center;justify-content: center;}.has-text-align-right > blockquote::before {justify-content: flex-start;}.has-text-align-left > blockquote::before {justify-content: flex-end;}figure.wp-block-pullquote.is-style-solid-color blockquote {max-width: 100%;text-align: inherit;}blockquote {padding: 0 1.2em 1.2em;}.wp-block-button__link {border: 2px solid currentColor;}body .wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button {text-decoration: none;}ul.wp-block-categories-list.wp-block-categories,ul.wp-block-archives-list.wp-block-archives {list-style-type: none;}ul,ol {margin-left: 20px;}figure.alignright figcaption {text-align: right;}:root .has-ast-global-color-0-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-0-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .has-ast-global-color-1-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-1-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .has-ast-global-color-2-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-2-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .has-ast-global-color-3-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-3-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .has-ast-global-color-4-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-4-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .has-ast-global-color-5-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-5-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .has-ast-global-color-6-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-6-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .has-ast-global-color-7-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-7-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .has-ast-global-color-8-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-8-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root{--ast-global-color-0:#ff7802;--ast-global-color-1:#3a3a3a;--ast-global-color-2:#3a3a3a;--ast-global-color-3:#4B4F58;--ast-global-color-4:#F5F5F5;--ast-global-color-5:#FFFFFF;--ast-global-color-6:#F2F5F7;--ast-global-color-7:#424242;--ast-global-color-8:#000000;}:root {--ast-border-color : #dddddd;}#masthead .ast-container,.ast-header-breadcrumb .ast-container{max-width:100%;padding-left:35px;padding-right:35px;}@media (max-width:921px){#masthead .ast-container,.ast-header-breadcrumb .ast-container{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .ast-search-icon {display: none;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form {padding: 0;display: block;overflow: hidden;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-custom-item .widget:last-child {margin-bottom: 1em;}.ast-header-custom-item .widget {margin: 0.5em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;}.ast-header-custom-item .widget p {margin-bottom: 0;}.ast-header-custom-item .widget li {width: auto;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside .button-custom-menu-item .menu-link {display: none;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside.ast-header-break-point .button-custom-menu-item .ast-custom-button-link {display: none;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside.ast-header-break-point .button-custom-menu-item .menu-link {display: block;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-outside .main-header-bar .ast-search-icon {margin-right: 1em;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon .search-field,.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-field {width: 100%;padding-right: 5.5em;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon .search-submit {display: block;position: absolute;height: 100%;top: 0;right: 0;padding: 0 1em;border-radius: 0;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-custom-item .ast-masthead-custom-menu-items {padding-left: 20px;padding-right: 20px;margin-bottom: 1em;margin-top: 1em;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside.ast-header-break-point .button-custom-menu-item {padding-left: 0;padding-right: 0;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;}.astra-icon-down_arrow::after {content: "\e900";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-close::after {content: "\e5cd";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-drag_handle::after {content: "\e25d";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-format_align_justify::after {content: "\e235";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-menu::after {content: "\e5d2";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-reorder::after {content: "\e8fe";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-search::after {content: "\e8b6";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-zoom_in::after {content: "\e56b";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-check-circle::after {content: "\e901";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-shopping-cart::after {content: "\f07a";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-shopping-bag::after {content: "\f290";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-shopping-basket::after {content: "\f291";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-circle-o::after {content: "\e903";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-certificate::after {content: "\e902";font-family: Astra;}.wp-block-file {display: flex;align-items: center;flex-wrap: wrap;justify-content: space-between;}.wp-block-pullquote {border: none;}.wp-block-pullquote blockquote::before {content: "\201D";font-family: "Helvetica",sans-serif;display: flex;transform: rotate( 180deg );font-size: 6rem;font-style: normal;line-height: 1;font-weight: bold;align-items: center;justify-content: center;}.has-text-align-right > blockquote::before {justify-content: flex-start;}.has-text-align-left > blockquote::before {justify-content: flex-end;}figure.wp-block-pullquote.is-style-solid-color blockquote {max-width: 100%;text-align: inherit;}blockquote {padding: 0 1.2em 1.2em;}.wp-block-button__link {border: 2px solid currentColor;}body .wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button {text-decoration: none;}ul.wp-block-categories-list.wp-block-categories,ul.wp-block-archives-list.wp-block-archives {list-style-type: none;}ul,ol {margin-left: 20px;}figure.alignright figcaption {text-align: right;}:root .has-ast-global-color-0-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-0-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .has-ast-global-color-1-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-1-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .has-ast-global-color-2-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-2-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .has-ast-global-color-3-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-3-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .has-ast-global-color-4-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-4-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .has-ast-global-color-5-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-5-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .has-ast-global-color-6-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-6-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .has-ast-global-color-7-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-7-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .has-ast-global-color-8-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-8-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root{--ast-global-color-0:#ff7802;--ast-global-color-1:#3a3a3a;--ast-global-color-2:#3a3a3a;--ast-global-color-3:#4B4F58;--ast-global-color-4:#F5F5F5;--ast-global-color-5:#FFFFFF;--ast-global-color-6:#F2F5F7;--ast-global-color-7:#424242;--ast-global-color-8:#000000;}:root {--ast-border-color : #dddddd;}#masthead .ast-container,.ast-header-breadcrumb .ast-container{max-width:100%;padding-left:35px;padding-right:35px;}@media (max-width:921px){#masthead .ast-container,.ast-header-breadcrumb .ast-container{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}.ast-archive-entry-banner {-js-display: flex;display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;text-align: center;position: relative;background: #eeeeee;}.ast-archive-entry-banner[data-banner-width-type="custom"] {margin: 0 auto;width: 100%;}.ast-archive-entry-banner[data-banner-layout="layout-1"] {background: inherit;padding: 20px 0;text-align: left;}body.archive .ast-archive-description{max-width:1200px;width:100%;text-align:left;padding-top:3em;padding-right:3em;padding-bottom:3em;padding-left:3em;}body.archive .ast-archive-description .ast-archive-title,body.archive .ast-archive-description .ast-archive-title *{font-size:40px;font-size:2.1052631578947rem;}body.archive .ast-archive-description > *:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:10px;}@media (max-width:768px){body.archive .ast-archive-description{text-align:left;}}@media (max-width:544px){body.archive .ast-archive-description{text-align:left;}}.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-browse,.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-items,.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-items li{display:inline-block;margin:0;padding:0;border:none;background:inherit;text-indent:0;text-decoration:none;}.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-browse{font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;color:inherit;}.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-items{list-style:none;}.trail-items li::after{padding:0 0.3em;content:"\00bb";}.trail-items li:last-of-type::after{display:none;}h1,.entry-content h1,h2,.entry-content h2,h3,.entry-content h3,h4,.entry-content h4,h5,.entry-content h5,h6,.entry-content h6{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}.entry-title a{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title{margin:0;}.elementor-page .ast-menu-toggle{color:unset !important;background:unset !important;}.elementor-post.elementor-grid-item.hentry{margin-bottom:0;}.woocommerce div.product .elementor-element.elementor-products-grid .related.products ul.products li.product,.elementor-element .elementor-wc-products .woocommerce[class*='columns-'] ul.products li.product{width:auto;margin:0;float:none;}body .elementor hr{background-color:#ccc;margin:0;}.ast-left-sidebar .elementor-section.elementor-section-stretched,.ast-right-sidebar .elementor-section.elementor-section-stretched{max-width:100%;left:0 !important;}.elementor-posts-container [CLASS*="ast-width-"]{width:100%;}.elementor-template-full-width .ast-container{display:block;}.elementor-screen-only,.screen-reader-text,.screen-reader-text span,.ui-helper-hidden-accessible{top:0 !important;}@media (max-width:544px){.elementor-element .elementor-wc-products .woocommerce[class*="columns-"] ul.products li.product{width:auto;margin:0;}.elementor-element .woocommerce .woocommerce-result-count{float:none;}}.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar{border-bottom-width:0px;}@media (min-width:769px){.main-header-bar{border-bottom-width:0px;}}@media (min-width:769px){#primary{width:70%;}#secondary{width:30%;}}.main-header-menu .menu-item,#astra-footer-menu .menu-item,.main-header-bar .ast-masthead-custom-menu-items{-js-display:flex;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-moz-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-moz-box-orient:vertical;-moz-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}.main-header-menu > .menu-item > .menu-link,#astra-footer-menu > .menu-item > .menu-link{height:100%;-webkit-box-align:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-moz-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-js-display:flex;display:flex;}.ast-primary-menu-disabled .main-header-bar .ast-masthead-custom-menu-items{flex:unset;}.header-main-layout-1 .ast-flex.main-header-container,.header-main-layout-3 .ast-flex.main-header-container{-webkit-align-content:center;-ms-flex-line-pack:center;align-content:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-moz-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}.main-header-menu .sub-menu .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{position:absolute;right:1em;top:50%;transform:translate(0,-50%) rotate(270deg);}.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .page_item_has_children > .ast-menu-toggle::before,.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle::before,.ast-mobile-popup-drawer .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children>.ast-menu-toggle::before,.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle::before{font-weight:bold;content:"\e900";font-family:Astra;text-decoration:inherit;display:inline-block;}.ast-header-break-point .main-navigation ul.sub-menu .menu-item .menu-link:before{content:"\e900";font-family:Astra;font-size:.65em;text-decoration:inherit;display:inline-block;transform:translate(0,-2px) rotateZ(270deg);margin-right:5px;}.widget_search .search-form:after{font-family:Astra;font-size:1.2em;font-weight:normal;content:"\e8b6";position:absolute;top:50%;right:15px;transform:translate(0,-50%);}.astra-search-icon::before{content:"\e8b6";font-family:Astra;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;z-index:3;}.main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .page_item_has_children > a:after,.main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > a:after,.menu-item-has-children .ast-header-navigation-arrow:after{content:"\e900";display:inline-block;font-family:Astra;font-size:.6rem;font-weight:bold;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;margin-left:10px;line-height:normal;}.menu-item-has-children .sub-menu .ast-header-navigation-arrow:after{margin-left:0;}.ast-mobile-popup-drawer .main-header-bar-navigation .ast-submenu-expanded>.ast-menu-toggle::before{transform:rotateX(180deg);}.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{display:none;}@media (min-width:769px){.ast-builder-menu .main-navigation > ul > li:last-child a{margin-right:0;}}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-inner{background-color:transparent;background-image:none;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post{background-color:#ffffff;background-image:none;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single:not(.ast-related-post),.woocommerce.ast-separate-container .ast-woocommerce-container,.ast-separate-container .error-404,.ast-separate-container .no-results,.single.ast-separate-container.ast-author-meta,.ast-separate-container .related-posts-title-wrapper,.ast-separate-container .comments-count-wrapper,.ast-box-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-padded-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-separate-container .ast-archive-description,.ast-separate-container .comments-area .comment-respond,.ast-separate-container .comments-area .ast-comment-list li,.ast-separate-container .comments-area .comments-title{background-color:#ffffff;background-image:none;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget{background-color:#ffffff;background-image:none;}:root{--e-global-color-astglobalcolor0:#ff7802;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor1:#3a3a3a;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor2:#3a3a3a;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor3:#4B4F58;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor4:#F5F5F5;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor5:#FFFFFF;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor6:#F2F5F7;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor7:#424242;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor8:#000000;}.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers{display:inherit;float:none;}.ast-pagination a,.nav-links a{color:#7a7a7a;}.ast-pagination a:hover,.ast-pagination a:focus,.ast-pagination > span:hover:not(.dots),.ast-pagination > span.current{color:#ff7802;}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-pagination .next:focus,.ast-pagination .prev:focus{width:100% !important;}}.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers {padding: 0 1.5em;height: 2.33333em;line-height: calc(2.33333em - 3px);}.ast-pagination-default .ast-pagination .next.page-numbers {padding-right: 0;}.ast-pagination-default .ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers {padding-left: 0;}.ast-pagination-default .post-page-numbers.current .page-link,.ast-pagination-default .ast-pagination .page-numbers.current {border-radius: 2px;}.ast-pagination {display: inline-block;width: 100%;padding-top: 2em;text-align: center;}.ast-pagination .page-numbers {display: inline-block;width: 2.33333em;height: 2.33333em;font-size: 16px;font-size: 1.06666rem;line-height: calc(2.33333em - 3px);font-weight: 500;}.ast-pagination .nav-links {display: inline-block;width: 100%;}@media (max-width: 420px) {.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers {width: 100%;text-align: center;margin: 0;}.ast-pagination-circle .ast-pagination .next.page-numbers,.ast-pagination-square .ast-pagination .next.page-numbers{margin-top: 10px;}.ast-pagination-circle .ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers,.ast-pagination-square .ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers{margin-bottom: 10px;}}.ast-pagination .prev,.ast-pagination .prev:visited,.ast-pagination .prev:focus,.ast-pagination .next,.ast-pagination .next:visited,.ast-pagination .next:focus {display: inline-block;width: auto;}.ast-pagination .prev svg,.ast-pagination .next svg{height: 16px;position: relative;top: 0.2em;}.ast-pagination .prev svg {margin-right: 0.3em;}.ast-pagination .next svg {margin-left: 0.3em;}.ast-page-builder-template .ast-pagination {padding: 2em;}.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers.dots,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers.dots:hover,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers.dots:focus,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:visited.dots,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:visited.dots:hover,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:visited.dots:focus,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:focus.dots,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:focus.dots:hover,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:focus.dots:focus,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers.dots,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers.dots:hover,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers.dots:focus,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:visited.dots,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:visited.dots:hover,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:visited.dots:focus,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:focus.dots,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:focus.dots:hover,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:focus.dots:focus {border: 2px solid #eaeaea;background: transparent;}.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers.dots,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:visited.dots,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:focus.dots,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers.dots,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:visited.dots,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:focus.dots {cursor: default;}.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers {float: left;}.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers {float: right;}@media (max-width: 768px) {.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers .page-navigation {padding-right: 0;}}@media (min-width: 769px) {.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers.next,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:visited.next,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:focus.next,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers.next,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:visited.next,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:focus.next {margin-right: 0;}}.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.menu-item>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.menu-item>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.menu-item>.sub-menu .sub-menu{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transform:translateY(.5em);transition:visibility .2s ease,transform .2s ease}.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.menu-item .menu-item.focus>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.menu-item .menu-item:hover>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.menu-item.focus>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.menu-item.focus>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.menu-item:hover>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.menu-item:hover>.sub-menu{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transform:translateY(0);transition:opacity .2s ease,visibility .2s ease,transform .2s ease}.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.full-width-mega.menu-item.focus>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.full-width-mega.menu-item:hover>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{-js-display:flex;display:flex}.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.menu-item>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.menu-item>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.menu-item>.sub-menu .sub-menu{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transform:translateY(-.5em);transition:visibility .2s ease,transform .2s ease}.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.menu-item .menu-item.focus>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.menu-item .menu-item:hover>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.menu-item.focus>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.menu-item.focus>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.menu-item:hover>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.menu-item:hover>.sub-menu{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transform:translateY(0);transition:opacity .2s ease,visibility .2s ease,transform .2s ease}.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.full-width-mega.menu-item.focus>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.full-width-mega.menu-item:hover>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{-js-display:flex;display:flex}.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.menu-item>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.menu-item>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.menu-item>.sub-menu .sub-menu{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transition:opacity ease-in-out .3s}.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.menu-item .menu-item.focus>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.menu-item .menu-item:hover>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.menu-item.focus>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.menu-item.focus>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.menu-item:hover>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.menu-item:hover>.sub-menu{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transition:opacity ease-in-out .3s}.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.full-width-mega.menu-item.focus>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.full-width-mega.menu-item:hover>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{-js-display:flex;display:flex}.ast-desktop .menu-item.ast-menu-hover>.sub-menu.toggled-on{opacity:1;visibility:visible} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-google-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto%3A400%2C&display=fallback&ver=4.8.6' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0: var(--ast-global-color-0);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1: var(--ast-global-color-1);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2: var(--ast-global-color-2);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3: var(--ast-global-color-3);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4: var(--ast-global-color-4);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5: var(--ast-global-color-5);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6: var(--ast-global-color-6);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7: var(--ast-global-color-7);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8: var(--ast-global-color-8);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: var(--wp--custom--ast-content-width-size);--wp--style--global--wide-size: var(--wp--custom--ast-wide-width-size); }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > * { margin-block-start: 24px; margin-block-end: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :first-child { margin-block-start: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :last-child { margin-block-end: 0; }:root { --wp--style--block-gap: 24px; }:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 24px;}:root :where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 24px;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){text-decoration: none;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-0-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-1-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-2-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-3-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-4-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-5-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-6-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-7-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-8-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-0-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-1-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-2-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-3-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-4-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-5-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-6-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-7-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-8-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-css-6-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/wp-font-awesome/font-awesome/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?ver=1.8.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-css-4-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/wp-font-awesome/font-awesome/css/v4-shims.min.css?ver=1.8.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-frontend-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/css/frontend.min.css?ver=4.15.18' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-flatpickr-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/flatpickr/flatpickr.min.css?ver=4.15.18' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-select2-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/select2/select2.min.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tribe-events-v2-single-skeleton-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/src/resources/css/tribe-events-single-skeleton.min.css?ver=6.8.2.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tribe-events-v2-single-skeleton-full-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/src/resources/css/tribe-events-single-full.min.css?ver=6.8.2.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tec-events-elementor-widgets-base-styles-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/src/resources/css/integrations/plugins/elementor/widgets/widget-base.min.css?ver=6.8.2.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-addon-css-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/astra-addon/astra-addon-673ff0cac02d47-76683423.css?ver=4.8.6' media='all' /> <style id='astra-addon-css-inline-css'> .main-header-bar{background-color:#36313a;background-image:none;}.main-header-menu .menu-link:hover,.ast-header-custom-item a:hover,.main-header-menu .menu-item:hover > .menu-link,.main-header-menu .menu-item.focus > .menu-link{color:#ff7802;}.main-header-menu .ast-masthead-custom-menu-items a:hover,.main-header-menu .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle,.main-header-menu .menu-item.focus > .ast-menu-toggle{color:#ff7802;}.main-header-menu,.main-header-menu .menu-link,.ast-header-custom-item,.ast-header-custom-item a,.ast-masthead-custom-menu-items,.ast-masthead-custom-menu-items a{color:#fcfcfc;}.main-navigation .sub-menu,.ast-header-break-point .main-header-menu .sub-menu{background-color:#36313a;}.ast-header-break-point .main-header-menu{background-color:#36313a;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon .search-field{border-radius:2px;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon .search-submit{border-radius:2px;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form{border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-color:#ddd;border-radius:2px;}@media (min-width:769px){.ast-container{max-width:1240px;}}@media (min-width:993px){.ast-container{max-width:1240px;}}@media (min-width:1201px){.ast-container{max-width:1240px;}}.site-title,.site-title a{font-family:'Roboto',sans-serif;}#secondary .widget-title,.woocommerce-page #secondary .widget .widget-title{font-size:20px;font-size:1.0526315789474rem;font-weight:600;font-family:'Roboto',sans-serif;line-height:1.6em;}.secondary .widget > *:not(.widget-title){font-weight:600;font-size:16px;font-size:0.84210526315789rem;}.ast-small-footer{font-size:16px;font-size:0.84210526315789rem;}.blog .entry-title,.blog .entry-title a,.archive .entry-title,.archive .entry-title a,.search .entry-title,.search .entry-title a{font-family:'Roboto',sans-serif;}.main-navigation{font-size:16px;font-size:0.84210526315789rem;font-weight:600;}.main-header-bar{line-height:1;}.ast-search-box.header-cover #close::before,.ast-search-box.full-screen #close::before{font-family:Astra;content:"\e5cd";display:inline-block;transition:transform .3s ease-in-out;}.site-header .ast-inline-search.ast-search-menu-icon .search-field {width: auto;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sia-2019-theme-css-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/themes/sia-2019-new/style.css?ver=1.0.23' media='all' /> <script src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script>  <script src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-dashboard-for-wp/assets/js/frontend-gtag.min.js?ver=8.2.2" id="exactmetrics-frontend-script-js" async data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" id='exactmetrics-frontend-script-js-extra'>var exactmetrics_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"zip,mp3,mpeg,pdf,docx,pptx,xlsx,rar","inbound_paths":"[{\"path\":\"\\\/go\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"},{\"path\":\"\\\/recommend\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"}]","home_url":"https:\/\/sia.org.sg","hash_tracking":"false","v4_id":"G-XLQNMQX8B7"};</script> <script src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/flatpickr/flatpickr.min.js?ver=4.15.18" id="ppress-flatpickr-js"></script> <script src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/select2/select2.min.js?ver=4.15.18" id="ppress-select2-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://sia.org.sg/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://sia.org.sg/wp-json/wp/v2/users/2" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://sia.org.sg/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" /> <meta name="tec-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="tec-api-origin" content="https://sia.org.sg"><link rel="alternate" href="https://sia.org.sg/wp-json/tribe/events/v1/" /><meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.25.9; features: additional_custom_breakpoints, e_optimized_control_loading; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-auto"> <style> .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } @media screen and (max-height: 1024px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-height: 640px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } </style> <style id="wp-custom-css"> /** Start Block Kit CSS: 71-3-d415519effd9e11f35d2438c58ea7ebf **/ .envato-block__preview{overflow: visible;} /** End Block Kit CSS: 71-3-d415519effd9e11f35d2438c58ea7ebf **/ </style> </head> <body itemtype='https://schema.org/Blog' itemscope='itemscope' class="archive author author-sia author-2 wp-custom-logo tribe-no-js ast-desktop ast-plain-container ast-left-sidebar astra-4.8.6 ast-header-custom-item-inside ast-full-width-primary-header group-blog ast-mobile-inherit-site-logo ast-inherit-site-logo-transparent ast-full-width-layout ast-sticky-header-shrink ast-inherit-site-logo-sticky elementor-default elementor-kit-3033 astra-addon-4.8.6"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content" title="Skip to content"> Skip to content</a> <div class="hfeed site" id="page"> <header class="site-header ast-primary-submenu-animation-fade header-main-layout-1 ast-primary-menu-enabled ast-logo-title-inline ast-hide-custom-menu-mobile ast-menu-toggle-icon ast-mobile-header-inline" id="masthead" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader" itemscope="itemscope" itemid="#masthead" > <div class="main-header-bar-wrap"> <div class="main-header-bar"> <div class="ast-container"> <div class="ast-flex main-header-container"> <div class="site-branding"> <div class="ast-site-identity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization" itemscope="itemscope" > <span class="site-logo-img"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="50" height="51" src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/sia-logo-e1534727866749-50x51.png" class="custom-logo" alt="Singapore Institute of Architects" decoding="async" srcset="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/sia-logo-e1534727866749-50x51.png 50w, https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/sia-logo-e1534727866749.png 100w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></span><div class="ast-site-title-wrap"> <span class="site-title" itemprop="name"> <a href="https://sia.org.sg/" rel="home" itemprop="url" > Singapore Institute of Architects </a> </span> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="ast-mobile-menu-buttons"> <div class="ast-button-wrap"> <button type="button" class="menu-toggle main-header-menu-toggle ast-mobile-menu-buttons-minimal " aria-controls='primary-menu' aria-expanded='false'> <span class="screen-reader-text">Main Menu</span> <span class="ast-icon icon-menu-bars"><span class="menu-toggle-icon"></span></span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="ast-main-header-bar-alignment"><div class="main-header-bar-navigation"><nav class="site-navigation ast-flex-grow-1 navigation-accessibility" id="primary-site-navigation" aria-label="Site Navigation" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope="itemscope"><div class="main-navigation"><ul id="primary-menu" class="main-header-menu ast-menu-shadow ast-nav-menu ast-flex ast-justify-content-flex-end submenu-with-border astra-menu-animation-fade "><li id="menu-item-2131" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2131"><a aria-expanded="false" href="#" class="menu-link">About</a><button class="ast-menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false"><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu Toggle</span><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"></span></button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-123" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-123"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/about-sia/" class="menu-link">About SIA</a></li> <li id="menu-item-124" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-124"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/contact-sia/" class="menu-link">Contact SIA</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2132" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2132"><a aria-expanded="false" href="#" class="menu-link">What’s On</a><button class="ast-menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false"><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu Toggle</span><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"></span></button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2163" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2163"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/latest-news/" class="menu-link">Latest News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6800" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6800"><a href="/calendar" class="menu-link">Calendar</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2134" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2134"><a aria-expanded="false" href="#" class="menu-link">Find An Architect</a><button class="ast-menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false"><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu Toggle</span><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"></span></button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2135" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2135"><a href="https://iamarchitect.sg" class="menu-link">I Am Architect</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2136" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2136"><a aria-expanded="false" href="#" class="menu-link">Awards</a><button class="ast-menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false"><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu Toggle</span><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"></span></button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2138" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2138"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/awards/" class="menu-link">Awards and Design Competitions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2243" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2243"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/awards/siaada2024/" class="menu-link">SIA Architectural Design Awards</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2139" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2139"><a aria-expanded="false" href="#" class="menu-link">Member</a><button class="ast-menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false"><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu Toggle</span><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"></span></button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-6217" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6217"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/membership/" class="menu-link">Membership</a></li> <li id="menu-item-15117" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-15117"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/join-membership-form/" class="menu-link">Join Membership</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2142" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2142"><a aria-expanded="false" href="#" class="menu-link">Partner</a><button class="ast-menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false"><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu Toggle</span><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"></span></button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2143" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2143"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/cpd-calendar/about-cpd/" class="menu-link">About CPD</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2144" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2144"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/cpd-service-provider/" class="menu-link">CPD Accreditation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2145" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2145"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/enterprise-partner/" class="menu-link">Enterprise Partner</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2554" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2554"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/partnership-opportunities/" class="menu-link">Partnership Opportunities</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2146" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2146"><a aria-expanded="false" href="#" class="menu-link">Resources</a><button class="ast-menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false"><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu Toggle</span><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"></span></button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-21987" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21987"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/SIA-blueprint-V.1-To-Publish-20240729.xlsx" class="menu-link">SIA Blueprint</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2141" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2141"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/publications/" class="menu-link">Publications</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2147" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2147"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/architects-scope-of-service/" class="menu-link">Architect’s Scope of Service</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2148" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2148"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/practice/dispute-resolution/" class="menu-link">Alternative Dispute Resolution</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2188" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2188"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/abc-waters-professional-registry/" class="menu-link">ABC Waters Professional Registry</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2683" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2683"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/architecture-excellence-portal/" class="menu-link">Architecture Excellence Portal (AEP)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3775" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3775"><a href="https://singaporearchitect.sg/" class="menu-link">Singapore Architect</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6017" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6017"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/record-of-consensus-of-sia-members-on-service-procurement-topics/" class="menu-link">Record Of Consensus Of SIA Members On Service Procurement Topics</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2171" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2171"><a href="https://smo.sia.org.sg" class="menu-link"><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="ast-masthead-custom-menu-items search-custom-menu-item"> <div class="ast-search-menu-icon slide-search" > <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://sia.org.sg/"> <label for="search-field"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" id="search-field" class="search-field" placeholder="Search..." value="" name="s" tabindex="-1"> </label> </form> <div class="ast-search-icon"> <a class="slide-search astra-search-icon" aria-label="Search icon link" href="#"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search</span> <span class="ast-icon icon-search"></span> </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul></div></nav></div></div> </div> </div> </div>  </div>  </header> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div class="ast-container"> <div class="widget-area secondary" id="secondary" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPSideBar" itemscope="itemscope"> <div class="sidebar-main" > <aside id="categories-2" class="widget widget_categories"><h2 class="widget-title">Categories</h2><nav aria-label="Categories"> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-5"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/category/i-am-architect/">I am Architect</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/category/members/">Members</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-2"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/category/partner/">Partner</a> </li> </ul> </nav></aside> </div> </div> <div id="primary" class="content-area primary"> <section class="ast-author-box ast-archive-description"> <div class="ast-author-bio"> <h1 class='page-title ast-archive-title'>SIA</h1> <p></p> </div> <div class="ast-author-avatar"> <img data-del="avatar" src='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/sia-logo-small.png' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-120 photo ' height='120' width='120'/> </div> </section> <main id="main" class="site-main"> <div class="ast-row"><article class="post-23113 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-members ast-col-sm-12 ast-article-post" id="post-23113" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope="itemscope"> <div class="ast-post-format- ast-no-thumb blog-layout-1 ast-article-inner"> <div class="post-content ast-col-md-12" > <div class="ast-blog-featured-section post-thumb ast-blog-single-element"></div><h2 class="entry-title ast-blog-single-element" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/iap-iapex-2024-iap-lahore-chapter-1-3-nov-2024/" rel="bookmark">IAP: IAPEX 2024 – IAP Lahore Chapter, 1-3 Nov 2024</a></h2> <header class="entry-header ast-blog-single-element ast-blog-meta-container"> <div class="entry-meta"><span class="ast-taxonomy-container cat-links default"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/category/members/" rel="category tag">Members</a></span> / <span class="posted-by vcard author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author"> <a title="View all posts by SIA" href="https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url" > <span class="author-name" itemprop="name" > SIA </span> </a> </span> </div> </header> <div class="ast-excerpt-container ast-blog-single-element"> </div> <p class="ast-blog-single-element ast-read-more-container read-more"> <a class="" href="https://sia.org.sg/iap-iapex-2024-iap-lahore-chapter-1-3-nov-2024/"> <span class="screen-reader-text">IAP: IAPEX 2024 – IAP Lahore Chapter, 1-3 Nov 2024</span> Read More »</a></p> <div class="entry-content clear" itemprop="text" > </div> </div> </div>  </article> <article class="post-23024 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-members ast-col-sm-12 ast-article-post" id="post-23024" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope="itemscope"> <div class="ast-post-format- ast-no-thumb blog-layout-1 ast-article-inner"> <div class="post-content ast-col-md-12" > <div class="ast-blog-featured-section post-thumb ast-blog-single-element"></div><h2 class="entry-title ast-blog-single-element" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/dsg-school-of-tomorrow-term-2-17-oct-24-nov-2024/" rel="bookmark">DSg: School of Tomorrow Term 2, 17 Oct – 24 Nov 2024</a></h2> <header class="entry-header ast-blog-single-element ast-blog-meta-container"> <div class="entry-meta"><span class="ast-taxonomy-container cat-links default"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/category/members/" rel="category tag">Members</a></span> / <span class="posted-by vcard author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author"> <a title="View all posts by SIA" href="https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url" > <span class="author-name" itemprop="name" > SIA </span> </a> </span> </div> </header> <div class="ast-excerpt-container ast-blog-single-element"> <p>Who wouldn’t love a school with no homework and loads of fun! The School of Tomorrow is back to deliver just that!   After a successful debut during Singapore Design Week 2023,</p> </div> <p class="ast-blog-single-element ast-read-more-container read-more"> <a class="" href="https://sia.org.sg/dsg-school-of-tomorrow-term-2-17-oct-24-nov-2024/"> <span class="screen-reader-text">DSg: School of Tomorrow Term 2, 17 Oct – 24 Nov 2024</span> Read More »</a></p> <div class="entry-content clear" itemprop="text" > </div> </div> </div>  </article> <article class="post-23010 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-members ast-col-sm-12 ast-article-post" id="post-23010" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope="itemscope"> <div class="ast-post-format- ast-no-thumb blog-layout-1 ast-article-inner"> <div class="post-content ast-col-md-12" > <div class="ast-blog-featured-section post-thumb ast-blog-single-element"></div><h2 class="entry-title ast-blog-single-element" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/new-dates-arcasia-forum-22-17-18-jan-2025-sri-lanka/" rel="bookmark">(NEW DATES) ARCASIA Forum 22, 17-18 Jan 2025, Sri Lanka</a></h2> <header class="entry-header ast-blog-single-element ast-blog-meta-container"> <div class="entry-meta"><span class="ast-taxonomy-container cat-links default"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/category/members/" rel="category tag">Members</a></span> / <span class="posted-by vcard author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author"> <a title="View all posts by SIA" href="https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url" > <span class="author-name" itemprop="name" > SIA </span> </a> </span> </div> </header> <div class="ast-excerpt-container ast-blog-single-element"> <p>For full details, please visit the official website HERE.</p> </div> <p class="ast-blog-single-element ast-read-more-container read-more"> <a class="" href="https://sia.org.sg/new-dates-arcasia-forum-22-17-18-jan-2025-sri-lanka/"> <span class="screen-reader-text">(NEW DATES) ARCASIA Forum 22, 17-18 Jan 2025, Sri Lanka</span> Read More »</a></p> <div class="entry-content clear" itemprop="text" > </div> </div> </div>  </article> <article class="post-22975 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-members ast-col-sm-12 ast-article-post" id="post-22975" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope="itemscope"> <div class="ast-post-format- ast-no-thumb blog-layout-1 ast-article-inner"> <div class="post-content ast-col-md-12" > <div class="ast-blog-featured-section post-thumb ast-blog-single-element"></div><h2 class="entry-title ast-blog-single-element" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/uia-launch-of-the-2026-global-award-for-sustainable-architecture-close-on-20-jan-2025/" rel="bookmark">UIA: Launch of the 2026 Global Award for Sustainable Architecture, close on 20 Jan 2025</a></h2> <header class="entry-header ast-blog-single-element ast-blog-meta-container"> <div class="entry-meta"><span class="ast-taxonomy-container cat-links default"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/category/members/" rel="category tag">Members</a></span> / <span class="posted-by vcard author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author"> <a title="View all posts by SIA" href="https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url" > <span class="author-name" itemprop="name" > SIA </span> </a> </span> </div> </header> <div class="ast-excerpt-container ast-blog-single-element"> <p>The 19th edition of the Global Award for Sustainable Architecture launches today, on World Architecture Day. The Award’s theme is  “Architecture Is Transformation,” dedicated to how we can transform the</p> </div> <p class="ast-blog-single-element ast-read-more-container read-more"> <a class="" href="https://sia.org.sg/uia-launch-of-the-2026-global-award-for-sustainable-architecture-close-on-20-jan-2025/"> <span class="screen-reader-text">UIA: Launch of the 2026 Global Award for Sustainable Architecture, close on 20 Jan 2025</span> Read More »</a></p> <div class="entry-content clear" itemprop="text" > </div> </div> </div>  </article> <article class="post-22909 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-members ast-col-sm-12 ast-article-post" id="post-22909" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope="itemscope"> <div class="ast-post-format- ast-no-thumb blog-layout-1 ast-article-inner"> <div class="post-content ast-col-md-12" > <div class="ast-blog-featured-section post-thumb ast-blog-single-element"></div><h2 class="entry-title ast-blog-single-element" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/sutd-sutd-master-of-architecture-ay-2025-intake-info-session-15-nov-2024/" rel="bookmark">SUTD: SUTD Master of Architecture (AY 2025 Intake) – Info Session, 15 Nov 2024</a></h2> <header class="entry-header ast-blog-single-element ast-blog-meta-container"> <div class="entry-meta"><span class="ast-taxonomy-container cat-links default"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/category/members/" rel="category tag">Members</a></span> / <span class="posted-by vcard author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author"> <a title="View all posts by SIA" href="https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url" > <span class="author-name" itemprop="name" > SIA </span> </a> </span> </div> </header> <div class="ast-excerpt-container ast-blog-single-element"> <p>SUTD Master of Architecture for the AY2025 intake starts from 1 August 2024 – 31 December 2024. Join the SUTD Master of Architecture information session on 15th November to find out</p> </div> <p class="ast-blog-single-element ast-read-more-container read-more"> <a class="" href="https://sia.org.sg/sutd-sutd-master-of-architecture-ay-2025-intake-info-session-15-nov-2024/"> <span class="screen-reader-text">SUTD: SUTD Master of Architecture (AY 2025 Intake) – Info Session, 15 Nov 2024</span> Read More »</a></p> <div class="entry-content clear" itemprop="text" > </div> </div> </div>  </article> <article class="post-22978 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-members ast-col-sm-12 ast-article-post" id="post-22978" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope="itemscope"> <div class="ast-post-format- ast-no-thumb blog-layout-1 ast-article-inner"> <div class="post-content ast-col-md-12" > <div class="ast-blog-featured-section post-thumb ast-blog-single-element"></div><h2 class="entry-title ast-blog-single-element" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/embassy-of-italy-singapore-towards-30-by-30-a-seminar-on-the-future-perspectives-of-food-autonomy-in-singapore-17-oct-2024/" rel="bookmark">Embassy of Italy Singapore: Towards 30 by 30: a seminar on the future perspectives of food autonomy in Singapore, 17 Oct 2024</a></h2> <header class="entry-header ast-blog-single-element ast-blog-meta-container"> <div class="entry-meta"><span class="ast-taxonomy-container cat-links default"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/category/members/" rel="category tag">Members</a></span> / <span class="posted-by vcard author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author"> <a title="View all posts by SIA" href="https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url" > <span class="author-name" itemprop="name" > SIA </span> </a> </span> </div> </header> <div class="ast-excerpt-container ast-blog-single-element"> <p>For more information and the zoom link, please click HERE.</p> </div> <p class="ast-blog-single-element ast-read-more-container read-more"> <a class="" href="https://sia.org.sg/embassy-of-italy-singapore-towards-30-by-30-a-seminar-on-the-future-perspectives-of-food-autonomy-in-singapore-17-oct-2024/"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Embassy of Italy Singapore: Towards 30 by 30: a seminar on the future perspectives of food autonomy in Singapore, 17 Oct 2024</span> Read More »</a></p> <div class="entry-content clear" itemprop="text" > </div> </div> </div>  </article> <article class="post-22912 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-members ast-col-sm-12 ast-article-post" id="post-22912" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope="itemscope"> <div class="ast-post-format- ast-no-thumb blog-layout-1 ast-article-inner"> <div class="post-content ast-col-md-12" > <div class="ast-blog-featured-section post-thumb ast-blog-single-element"></div><h2 class="entry-title ast-blog-single-element" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/sibl-environmental-social-and-governance-in-the-built-environment-seminar-13-nov-2024/" rel="bookmark">SIBL: Environmental, Social and Governance in the Built Environment Seminar, 13 Nov 2024</a></h2> <header class="entry-header ast-blog-single-element ast-blog-meta-container"> <div class="entry-meta"><span class="ast-taxonomy-container cat-links default"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/category/members/" rel="category tag">Members</a></span> / <span class="posted-by vcard author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author"> <a title="View all posts by SIA" href="https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url" > <span class="author-name" itemprop="name" > SIA </span> </a> </span> </div> </header> <div class="ast-excerpt-container ast-blog-single-element"> </div> <p class="ast-blog-single-element ast-read-more-container read-more"> <a class="" href="https://sia.org.sg/sibl-environmental-social-and-governance-in-the-built-environment-seminar-13-nov-2024/"> <span class="screen-reader-text">SIBL: Environmental, Social and Governance in the Built Environment Seminar, 13 Nov 2024</span> Read More »</a></p> <div class="entry-content clear" itemprop="text" > </div> </div> </div>  </article> <article class="post-22982 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-members ast-col-sm-12 ast-article-post" id="post-22982" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope="itemscope"> <div class="ast-post-format- ast-no-thumb blog-layout-1 ast-article-inner"> <div class="post-content ast-col-md-12" > <div class="ast-blog-featured-section post-thumb ast-blog-single-element"></div><h2 class="entry-title ast-blog-single-element" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/dbcs-singapore-design-awards-2024-closes-31-oct-2024/" rel="bookmark">DBCS: Singapore Design Awards 2024, closes 31 Oct 2024</a></h2> <header class="entry-header ast-blog-single-element ast-blog-meta-container"> <div class="entry-meta"><span class="ast-taxonomy-container cat-links default"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/category/members/" rel="category tag">Members</a></span> / <span class="posted-by vcard author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author"> <a title="View all posts by SIA" href="https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url" > <span class="author-name" itemprop="name" > SIA </span> </a> </span> </div> </header> <div class="ast-excerpt-container ast-blog-single-element"> <p>The Singapore Design Awards 2024, co-created with the National Council of Social Service, will continue to address the current challenges that Singapore is facing, serving as a launchpad for designers</p> </div> <p class="ast-blog-single-element ast-read-more-container read-more"> <a class="" href="https://sia.org.sg/dbcs-singapore-design-awards-2024-closes-31-oct-2024/"> <span class="screen-reader-text">DBCS: Singapore Design Awards 2024, closes 31 Oct 2024</span> Read More »</a></p> <div class="entry-content clear" itemprop="text" > </div> </div> </div>  </article> <article class="post-22971 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-members ast-col-sm-12 ast-article-post" id="post-22971" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope="itemscope"> <div class="ast-post-format- ast-no-thumb blog-layout-1 ast-article-inner"> <div class="post-content ast-col-md-12" > <div class="ast-blog-featured-section post-thumb ast-blog-single-element"></div><h2 class="entry-title ast-blog-single-element" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/uia-world-architecture-day-2024-7-oct-2024/" rel="bookmark">UIA: World Architecture Day 2024, 7 Oct 2024</a></h2> <header class="entry-header ast-blog-single-element ast-blog-meta-container"> <div class="entry-meta"><span class="ast-taxonomy-container cat-links default"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/category/members/" rel="category tag">Members</a></span> / <span class="posted-by vcard author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author"> <a title="View all posts by SIA" href="https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url" > <span class="author-name" itemprop="name" > SIA </span> </a> </span> </div> </header> <div class="ast-excerpt-container ast-blog-single-element"> <p>Empowering the Next Generation in Participatory Urban Design Today, the International Union of Architects (UIA) proudly celebrates today the theme “Empowering the Next Generation in Participatory Urban Design” for World Architecture</p> </div> <p class="ast-blog-single-element ast-read-more-container read-more"> <a class="" href="https://sia.org.sg/uia-world-architecture-day-2024-7-oct-2024/"> <span class="screen-reader-text">UIA: World Architecture Day 2024, 7 Oct 2024</span> Read More »</a></p> <div class="entry-content clear" itemprop="text" > </div> </div> </div>  </article> <article class="post-22874 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-members ast-col-sm-12 ast-article-post" id="post-22874" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope="itemscope"> <div class="ast-post-format- ast-no-thumb blog-layout-1 ast-article-inner"> <div class="post-content ast-col-md-12" > <div class="ast-blog-featured-section post-thumb ast-blog-single-element"></div><h2 class="entry-title ast-blog-single-element" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/uia-daylight-talk-by-samuli-miettinen-recorded-video/" rel="bookmark">UIA: Daylight Talk by Samuli Miettinen (Recorded Video)</a></h2> <header class="entry-header ast-blog-single-element ast-blog-meta-container"> <div class="entry-meta"><span class="ast-taxonomy-container cat-links default"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/category/members/" rel="category tag">Members</a></span> / <span class="posted-by vcard author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author"> <a title="View all posts by SIA" href="https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url" > <span class="author-name" itemprop="name" > SIA </span> </a> </span> </div> </header> <div class="ast-excerpt-container ast-blog-single-element"> <p>The 2024 Daylight Talk series continues with Samuli Miettinen, partner of JKMM Architects. The Finnish architect will give a talk titled ”Shadow and Light” in collaboration with Aalto University. In</p> </div> <p class="ast-blog-single-element ast-read-more-container read-more"> <a class="" href="https://sia.org.sg/uia-daylight-talk-by-samuli-miettinen-recorded-video/"> <span class="screen-reader-text">UIA: Daylight Talk by Samuli Miettinen (Recorded Video)</span> Read More »</a></p> <div class="entry-content clear" itemprop="text" > </div> </div> </div>  </article> </div> </main> <div class='ast-pagination'> <nav class="navigation pagination" aria-label="Post pagination"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Post pagination</span> <div class="nav-links"><span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current">1</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/page/2/">2</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">…</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/page/57/">57</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/page/2/">Next <span class="ast-right-arrow">→</span></a></div> </nav></div> </div> </div>  </div> <footer class="site-footer" id="colophon" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter" itemscope="itemscope" itemid="#colophon" > </footer> </div> <script> ( function ( body ) { 'use strict'; body.className = body.className.replace( /\btribe-no-js\b/, 'tribe-js' ); } )( document.body ); </script> <script> /* <![CDATA[ */var tribe_l10n_datatables = {"aria":{"sort_ascending":": activate to sort column ascending","sort_descending":": activate to sort column descending"},"length_menu":"Show _MENU_ entries","empty_table":"No data available in table","info":"Showing _START_ to _END_ of _TOTAL_ entries","info_empty":"Showing 0 to 0 of 0 entries","info_filtered":"(filtered from _MAX_ total entries)","zero_records":"No matching records found","search":"Search:","all_selected_text":"All items on this page were selected. ","select_all_link":"Select all pages","clear_selection":"Clear Selection.","pagination":{"all":"All","next":"Next","previous":"Previous"},"select":{"rows":{"0":"","_":": Selected %d rows","1":": Selected 1 row"}},"datepicker":{"dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesMin":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Prev","currentText":"Today","closeText":"Done","today":"Today","clear":"Clear"}};/* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript'> const lazyloadRunObserver = () => { const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` ); const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => { entries.forEach( ( entry ) => { if ( entry.isIntersecting ) { let lazyloadBackground = entry.target; if( lazyloadBackground ) { lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' ); } lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target ); } }); }, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } ); lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => { lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground ); } ); }; const events = [ 'DOMContentLoaded', 'elementor/lazyload/observe', ]; events.forEach( ( event ) => { document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver ); } ); </script> <script id="astra-theme-js-js-extra"> var astra = {"break_point":"921","isRtl":"","is_scroll_to_id":"","is_scroll_to_top":"","is_header_footer_builder_active":"","responsive_cart_click":"flyout"}; </script> <script src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/js/minified/style.min.js?ver=4.8.6" id="astra-theme-js-js"></script> <script id="ppress-frontend-script-js-extra"> var pp_ajax_form = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/sia.org.sg\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","confirm_delete":"Are you sure?","deleting_text":"Deleting...","deleting_error":"An error occurred. Please try again.","nonce":"4651e92dc4","disable_ajax_form":"false","is_checkout":"0","is_checkout_tax_enabled":"0","is_checkout_autoscroll_enabled":"true"}; </script> <script src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=4.15.18" id="ppress-frontend-script-js"></script> <script id="astra-addon-js-js-extra"> var astraAddon = {"sticky_active":"","svgIconClose":"<span class=\"ast-icon icon-close\"><\/span>","header_main_stick":"","header_above_stick":"0","header_below_stick":"0","stick_header_meta":"","header_main_stick_meta":"","header_above_stick_meta":"","header_below_stick_meta":"","sticky_header_on_devices":"desktop","sticky_header_style":"none","sticky_hide_on_scroll":"0","break_point":"921","tablet_break_point":"768","mobile_break_point":"544","header_main_shrink":"1","header_logo_width":"","responsive_header_logo_width":{"desktop":"50","tablet":"","mobile":""},"stick_origin_position":"","site_layout":"ast-full-width-layout","site_content_width":"1240","site_layout_padded_width":"1200","site_layout_box_width":"1200","header_builder_active":"","component_limit":"10","is_header_builder_active":""}; </script> <script src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/astra-addon/astra-addon-673ff0cac08901-44248760.js?ver=4.8.6" id="astra-addon-js-js"></script> <script src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/astra-addon/assets/js/minified/purify.min.js?ver=4.8.6" id="astra-dom-purify-js"></script> <script> /(trident|msie)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&document.getElementById&&window.addEventListener&&window.addEventListener("hashchange",function(){var t,e=location.hash.substring(1);/^[A-z0-9_-]+$/.test(e)&&(t=document.getElementById(e))&&(/^(?:a|select|input|button|textarea)$/i.test(t.tagName)||(t.tabIndex=-1),t.focus())},!1); </script> </body> </html>