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(PDF) Early Bronze Age pebble installations from Tell es- Safi/Gath, Israel: evidence for their function and utilization Early Bronze Age pebble installations from Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel: evidence for their function and utilization
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Maeir" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="49" /> <meta name="citation_issue" content="1" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="46-63" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="0075-8914" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/31714797/Early_Bronze_Age_pebble_installations_from_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_evidence_for_their_function_and_utilization_Early_Bronze_Age_pebble_installations_from_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_evidence_for_their_function_and_utilization" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Early Bronze Age pebble installations from Tell es- Safi/Gath, Israel: evidence for their function and utilization Early Bronze Age pebble installations from Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel: evidence for their function and utilization" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Pebble stone installations are commonly found at various Early Bronze Age sites in the southern Levant. However, their function is often assumed or unknown. Thirteen circular pebble installations were found scattered throughout a residential" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/2734569/883769/30117030/s200_adi.eliyahu_behar.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/31714797/Early_Bronze_Age_pebble_installations_from_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_evidence_for_their_function_and_utilization_Early_Bronze_Age_pebble_installations_from_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_evidence_for_their_function_and_utilization" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Early Bronze Age pebble installations from Tell es- Safi/Gath, Israel: evidence for their function and utilization Early Bronze Age pebble installations from Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel: evidence for their function and utilization" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Pebble stone installations are commonly found at various Early Bronze Age sites in the southern Levant. However, their function is often assumed or unknown. Thirteen circular pebble installations were found scattered throughout a residential" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://ariel.academia.edu/AdiEliyahuBehar" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://ariel.academia.edu/ItzickShai" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://biu.academia.edu/SuembikyaSueFrumin" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://biu.academia.edu/EhudWeiss" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://cnrs.academia.edu/ManclossiFrancesca" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://bgu.academia.edu/SteveRosen" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://biu.academia.edu/AMaeir" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://umanitoba.academia.edu/HaskelGreenfield" /> <meta name="description" content="Pebble stone installations are commonly found at various Early Bronze Age sites in the southern Levant. However, their function is often assumed or unknown. Thirteen circular pebble installations were found scattered throughout a residential" /> <title>(PDF) Early Bronze Age pebble installations from Tell es- Safi/Gath, Israel: evidence for their function and utilization Early Bronze Age pebble installations from Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel: evidence for their function and utilization</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/33286560/Early_Bronze_Age_pebble_installations_from_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_evidence_for_their_function_and_utilization_Early_Bronze_Age_pebble_installations_from_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_evidence_for_their_function_and_utilization" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'b092bf3a3df71cf13feee7c143e83a57eb6b94fb'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739838957000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739838957000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Pebble stone installations are commonly found at various Early Bronze Age sites in the southern Levant. However, their function is often assumed or unknown. Thirteen circular pebble installations were found scattered throughout a residential neighbourhood dating to the Early Bronze Age III at Tell es-Safi/Gath. Five such installations were recently studied by implementing an integrated micro-archaeological approach by which all micro-and macro-artefacts were analysed using various analytical techniques. Based on the analysis of ash-micro remains identified in the sediments, associated plant remains, flint and pottery, we suggest that these installations were used for food-processing, cooking and/or other domestic low-heat tasks. The installations first appear at Tell es-Safi/Gath during the Early Bronze Age III, and seem to disappear during later periods. The functional roles of these installations are discussed in comparison to finds from other Early Bronze Age sites, and of other food preparation traditions known from other periods and cultures.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Adi Eliyahu Behar","url":"https://ariel.academia.edu/AdiEliyahuBehar"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Itzick Shai","url":"https://ariel.academia.edu/ItzickShai"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Suembikya (Sue) Frumin","url":"https://biu.academia.edu/SuembikyaSueFrumin"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Ehud Weiss","url":"https://biu.academia.edu/EhudWeiss"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Manclossi Francesca","url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/ManclossiFrancesca"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Steve Rosen","url":"https://bgu.academia.edu/SteveRosen"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Aren M . Maeir","url":"https://biu.academia.edu/AMaeir"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Haskel J Greenfield","url":"https://umanitoba.academia.edu/HaskelGreenfield"}],"contributor":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Adi Eliyahu Behar","url":"https://ariel.academia.edu/AdiEliyahuBehar"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Itzick Shai","url":"https://ariel.academia.edu/ItzickShai"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Suembikya (Sue) Frumin","url":"https://biu.academia.edu/SuembikyaSueFrumin"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Ehud Weiss","url":"https://biu.academia.edu/EhudWeiss"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Manclossi Francesca","url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/ManclossiFrancesca"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Steve 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However, their function is often assumed or unknown. Thirteen circular pebble installations were found scattered throughout a residential neighbourhood dating to the Early Bronze Age III at Tell es-Safi/Gath. Five such installations were recently studied by implementing an integrated micro-archaeological approach by which all micro-and macro-artefacts were analysed using various analytical techniques. Based on the analysis of ash-micro remains identified in the sediments, associated plant remains, flint and pottery, we suggest that these installations were used for food-processing, cooking and/or other domestic low-heat tasks. The installations first appear at Tell es-Safi/Gath during the Early Bronze Age III, and seem to disappear during later periods. The functional roles of these installations are discussed in comparison to finds from other Early Bronze Age sites, and of other food preparation traditions known from other periods and cultures."},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Early Bronze Age pebble installations from Tell es- Safi/Gath, Israel: evidence for their function and utilization Early Bronze Age pebble installations from Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel: evidence for their function and utilization","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [1046755,1298560,205043,886245,1581801,3810021,2734569,3430736]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":52028158,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Early Bronze Age pebble installations from Tell es- Safi/Gath, Israel: evidence for their function and utilization Early Bronze Age pebble installations from Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel: evidence for their function and utilization”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/52028158/mini_magick20190123-31564-1622kk4.png?1548301408" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Early Bronze Age pebble installations from Tell es- Safi/Gath, Israel: evidence for their function and utilization Early Bronze Age pebble installations from Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel: evidence for their function and utilization</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1046755" href="https://ariel.academia.edu/ItzickShai"><img alt="Profile image of Itzick Shai" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1046755/1278321/18657575/s65_itzick.shai.jpg" />Itzick Shai</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1298560" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/ManclossiFrancesca"><img alt="Profile image of Manclossi Francesca" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Manclossi Francesca</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="205043" href="https://umanitoba.academia.edu/HaskelGreenfield"><img alt="Profile image of Haskel J Greenfield" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/205043/47924/384934/s65_haskel.greenfield.jpg" />Haskel J Greenfield</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="886245" href="https://biu.academia.edu/EhudWeiss"><img alt="Profile image of Ehud Weiss" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/886245/322847/22230297/s65_ehud.weiss.jpg" />Ehud Weiss</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1581801" href="https://biu.academia.edu/AMaeir"><img alt="Profile image of Aren M . Maeir" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1581801/2502293/13864266/s65_aren.maeir.jpg" />Aren M . Maeir</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3810021" href="https://bgu.academia.edu/SteveRosen"><img alt="Profile image of Steve Rosen" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/3810021/1666424/2004487/s65_steve.rosen.jpg" />Steve Rosen</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2734569" href="https://ariel.academia.edu/AdiEliyahuBehar"><img alt="Profile image of Adi Eliyahu Behar" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/2734569/883769/30117030/s65_adi.eliyahu_behar.jpg" />Adi Eliyahu Behar</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3430736" href="https://biu.academia.edu/SuembikyaSueFrumin"><img alt="Profile image of Suembikya (Sue) Frumin" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/3430736/1167300/12371320/s65_suembikya_sue_.frumin.jpg" />Suembikya (Sue) Frumin</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">19 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 31714797; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=31714797"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Pebble stone installations are commonly found at various Early Bronze Age sites in the southern Levant. However, their function is often assumed or unknown. Thirteen circular pebble installations were found scattered throughout a residential neighbourhood dating to the Early Bronze Age III at Tell es-Safi/Gath. Five such installations were recently studied by implementing an integrated micro-archaeological approach by which all micro-and macro-artefacts were analysed using various analytical techniques. Based on the analysis of ash-micro remains identified in the sediments, associated plant remains, flint and pottery, we suggest that these installations were used for food-processing, cooking and/or other domestic low-heat tasks. The installations first appear at Tell es-Safi/Gath during the Early Bronze Age III, and seem to disappear during later periods. The functional roles of these installations are discussed in comparison to finds from other Early Bronze Age sites, and of other food preparation traditions known from other periods and cultures.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":52028158,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/31714797/Early_Bronze_Age_pebble_installations_from_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_evidence_for_their_function_and_utilization_Early_Bronze_Age_pebble_installations_from_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_evidence_for_their_function_and_utilization"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":52028158,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/31714797/Early_Bronze_Age_pebble_installations_from_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_evidence_for_their_function_and_utilization_Early_Bronze_Age_pebble_installations_from_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_evidence_for_their_function_and_utilization"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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However, their function is often assumed or unknown. Thirteen circular pebble installations were found scattered throughout a residential neighbourhood dating to the Early Bronze Age III at Tell es-Safi/Gath. Five such installations were recently studied by implementing an integrated micro-archaeological approach by which all micro- and macro-artefacts were analysed using various analytical techniques. Based on the analysis of ash-micro remains identified in the sediments, associated plant remains, flint and pottery, we suggest that these installations were used for food-processing, cooking and/or other domestic low-heat tasks. The installations first appear at Tell es-Safi/Gath during the Early Bronze Age III, and seem to disappear during later periods. The functional roles of these installations are discussed in comparison to finds from other Early Bronze Age sites, and of other food preparation traditions known from other periods and cultures.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Early Bronze Age pebble installations from Tell es Safi Gath Israel evidence for their function and utilization","attachmentId":61161432,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40873881/Early_Bronze_Age_pebble_installations_from_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_evidence_for_their_function_and_utilization","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40873881/Early_Bronze_Age_pebble_installations_from_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_evidence_for_their_function_and_utilization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="1533814" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1533814/Gur_Arieh_S_Boaretto_E_Maeir_A_M_and_Shahack_Gross_R_2012_Formation_Processes_in_Philistine_Hearths_from_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_An_Experimental_Approach_Journal_of_Field_Archaeology_37_2_121_31">Gur-Arieh, S., Boaretto, E., Maeir, A. M., and Shahack-Gross, R. 2012. Formation Processes in Philistine Hearths from Tell es-Safi/Gath (Israel): An Experimental Approach. Journal of Field Archaeology 37(2): 121–31.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="232119" href="https://uni-kiel.academia.edu/ShiraGurArieh">Shira Gur-Arieh</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1581801" href="https://biu.academia.edu/AMaeir">Aren M . Maeir</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Ancient cooking installations yield important evidence for cooking technology and human diet. A cooking installation termed the Philistine pebble hearth is associated with the arrival of the Philistines at the beginning of the Iron Age in the southern Levant (ca. early/mid-12th century B.C.). These installations have been studied using traditional methods, focusing on a description of form and style in relation to the pottery of the period. Here we present a study using an experimental approach. We prepared three sets of experimental pebble hearths to study the pebbles' thermal behavior in relation to their volume. The comparison of these results with observations of Iron Age I archaeological hearths reveals different patterns in pebble shattering and soot patterns, indicating that the archaeological hearths were used in a different manner than the experimental ones. The experiments highlight the utility of shattered pebbles as an indicator of the use of fire directly on Philistine hearths, even in the absence of ash and/or charcoal. They also demonstrate that these installations may have been used with open fire or live embers. The results are applicable to the study of hearths worldwide, with implications for appropriate excavation methods and basic identification of ancient pyrotechnologies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gur-Arieh, S., Boaretto, E., Maeir, A. M., and Shahack-Gross, R. \t2012. Formation Processes in Philistine Hearths from Tell es-Safi/Gath (Israel): An Experimental Approach. Journal of Field Archaeology 37(2): 121–31.","attachmentId":12691967,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1533814/Gur_Arieh_S_Boaretto_E_Maeir_A_M_and_Shahack_Gross_R_2012_Formation_Processes_in_Philistine_Hearths_from_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_An_Experimental_Approach_Journal_of_Field_Archaeology_37_2_121_31","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1533814/Gur_Arieh_S_Boaretto_E_Maeir_A_M_and_Shahack_Gross_R_2012_Formation_Processes_in_Philistine_Hearths_from_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_An_Experimental_Approach_Journal_of_Field_Archaeology_37_2_121_31"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="4908550" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4908550/The_Archaeology_of_the_Daily_Grind_Ground_Stone_Tools_and_Food_Production_in_the_Southern_Levant_Near_Eastern_Archaeology_67_2_108_117">The Archaeology of the Daily Grind: Ground Stone Tools and Food Production in the Southern Levant. Near Eastern Archaeology 67/2: 108-117</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3272311" href="https://chicago.academia.edu/YorkeRowan">Yorke Rowan</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="183428" href="https://evansville.academia.edu/JennieEbeling">Jennie Ebeling</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Archaeology of the Daily Grind: Ground Stone Tools and Food Production in the Southern Levant. Near Eastern Archaeology 67/2: 108-117","attachmentId":32173155,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4908550/The_Archaeology_of_the_Daily_Grind_Ground_Stone_Tools_and_Food_Production_in_the_Southern_Levant_Near_Eastern_Archaeology_67_2_108_117","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4908550/The_Archaeology_of_the_Daily_Grind_Ground_Stone_Tools_and_Food_Production_in_the_Southern_Levant_Near_Eastern_Archaeology_67_2_108_117"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="1533473" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1533473/Food_Processing_in_the_Levant_during_the_Middle_Bronze_Age_Fire_installation_cooking_pots_and_grinding_tools_at_Tell_Mardikh_Ebla_Syria_Two_Case_Studies">Food Processing in the Levant during the Middle Bronze Age. Fire installation cooking pots and grinding tools at Tell Mardikh-Ebla (Syria) - Two Case Studies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1654394" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GilbertaSpreafico">Gilberta Spreafico</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The excavations carried out since 1964 at Ebla-Tell Mardikh (North Inner Syria), have brought to light large sectors of the Old Syrian town dating to the Middle Bronze Age II (c. 1800-1600 BC). A large quarter of houses located in the Area B East, at the foot of the Acropolis in the South-Western sector of the Lower Town , and the Western Fort, built on the top of the rampart defending the town during the Middle Bronze Age, provided a large evidence of fire installations and contexts related to the food processing (cooking pots, grinding tools, and bio-archaeological remains). Within a more wide project of environmental cross-disciplinary researches, including archaeometry, bio-archaeology, palaeogeography, sedimentological and geological analyses, we will focus here the attention on the typology of fireplaces for cooking and/or heating, proposing a comparison between a public defensive complex and a group of private dwellings.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Food Processing in the Levant during the Middle Bronze Age. Fire installation cooking pots and grinding tools at Tell Mardikh-Ebla (Syria) - Two Case Studies","attachmentId":12687150,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1533473/Food_Processing_in_the_Levant_during_the_Middle_Bronze_Age_Fire_installation_cooking_pots_and_grinding_tools_at_Tell_Mardikh_Ebla_Syria_Two_Case_Studies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1533473/Food_Processing_in_the_Levant_during_the_Middle_Bronze_Age_Fire_installation_cooking_pots_and_grinding_tools_at_Tell_Mardikh_Ebla_Syria_Two_Case_Studies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="24441101" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24441101/Gur_Arieh_Shira_Shahack_Gross_Ruth_Maeir_Aren_M_Lehmann_Gunnar_Hitchcock_Louise_and_Boaretto_Elisabetta_2014_The_taphonomy_and_preservation_of_wood_and_dung_ashes_found_in_archaeological_cooking_installations_case_studies_from_Iron_Age_Israel_Journal_of_Archaeological_Science_46_50_67">Gur-Arieh, Shira; Shahack-Gross, Ruth; Maeir, Aren M.; Lehmann, Gunnar; Hitchcock, Louise; and Boaretto, Elisabetta 2014 The taphonomy and preservation of wood and dung ashes found in archaeological cooking installations: case studies from Iron Age Israel. Journal of Archaeological Science 46: 50-67</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="344408" href="https://bgu.academia.edu/GunnarLehmann">Gunnar Lehmann</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1581801" href="https://biu.academia.edu/AMaeir">Aren M . Maeir</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Cooking installations are among the most abundant features in Bronze and Iron Age archaeological sites in the southern Levant, yet until now their study has been mostly descriptive. We present a study of 11 purported archaeological cooking installations from three different Bronze and Iron Age sites in Israel in which we deployed a variety of microarchaeological techniques. We provide direct physical evidence, based on Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy demonstrating that the archaeological installations were operated with temperatures as high as 900 C. Using this technique we also demonstrate that all the mud-constructed installations studied by us were internally-fueled and therefore should be identified as Tannurs rather than the externally-fueled Tabuns. We studied in detail the quantities of ash-related microscopic remains, including opaline phytoliths, calcitic wood ash pseudomorphs and dung spherulites. We show that phytolith morphotype analysis cannot distinguish between wood-dominated and dung-dominated fuel materials, while a newly developed method that calculates the ratio of ash pseudomorphs to dung spherulites (PSR method) makes such a distinction possible. Moreover, we experimented with the effect of partial dissolution on fuel ash PSR values and utilize the results to explain taphonomy and diagenesis associated with two types of archaeological cooking installations e pebble hearths and baking ovens. In addition, we identified micromorphological criteria that can be used to assess whether ash deposits in or above a cooking installations are in situ and/or disturbed. Taken together, all lines of evidence used in this study indicate that wood was the major fuel material across time and space in the studied archaeological contexts, while dung was a secondary source of fuel. This observation also cross-cuts different culture-historical entities (Philistines, Canaanites, Israelites and Egyptians). In addition, wood was preferred as fuel irrespective of environmental differences among the studied sites. This study is yet another demonstration of the value of integrating microarchaeological techniques and approaches to traditional macroscopic archaeology.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gur-Arieh, Shira; Shahack-Gross, Ruth; Maeir, Aren M.; Lehmann, Gunnar; Hitchcock, Louise; and Boaretto, Elisabetta 2014 The taphonomy and preservation of wood and dung ashes found in archaeological cooking installations: case studies from Iron Age Israel. Journal of Archaeological Science 46: 50-67","attachmentId":44770892,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24441101/Gur_Arieh_Shira_Shahack_Gross_Ruth_Maeir_Aren_M_Lehmann_Gunnar_Hitchcock_Louise_and_Boaretto_Elisabetta_2014_The_taphonomy_and_preservation_of_wood_and_dung_ashes_found_in_archaeological_cooking_installations_case_studies_from_Iron_Age_Israel_Journal_of_Archaeological_Science_46_50_67","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24441101/Gur_Arieh_Shira_Shahack_Gross_Ruth_Maeir_Aren_M_Lehmann_Gunnar_Hitchcock_Louise_and_Boaretto_Elisabetta_2014_The_taphonomy_and_preservation_of_wood_and_dung_ashes_found_in_archaeological_cooking_installations_case_studies_from_Iron_Age_Israel_Journal_of_Archaeological_Science_46_50_67"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="1214535" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1214535/Food_Processing_in_the_Levant_during_the_Middle_Bronze_Age_Fire_Installations_Cooking_Pots_and_Grinding_Tools_at_Tell_Mardikh_Ebla_Syria_Two_Case_Studies">Food Processing in the Levant during the Middle Bronze Age. Fire Installations, Cooking Pots and Grinding Tools at Tell Mardikh-Ebla (Syria): Two Case-Studies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1115407" href="https://unimi.academia.edu/LucaPeyronel">Luca Peyronel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The excavations carried out since 1964 at Ebla-Tell Mardikh (North Inner Syria), have brought to light large sectors of the Old Syrian town dating to the Middle Bronze Age II (c. 1800-1600 BC). A large quarter of houses located in the Area B East, at the foot of the Acropolis in the South-western sector of the Lower Town , and the western Fort, built on the top of the rampart defending the town during the Middle Bronze Age, provided a large evidence of fire installations and contexts related to the food processing (cooking pots, grinding tools, and bio-archaeological remains). within a more wide project of environmental cross-disciplinary researches, including archaeometry, bio-archaeology, palaeogeography, sedimentological and geological analyses, we will focus here the attention on the typology of fireplaces for cooking and/or heating, proposing a comparison between a public defensive complex and a group of private dwellings.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Food Processing in the Levant during the Middle Bronze Age. Fire Installations, Cooking Pots and Grinding Tools at Tell Mardikh-Ebla (Syria): Two Case-Studies","attachmentId":7558051,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1214535/Food_Processing_in_the_Levant_during_the_Middle_Bronze_Age_Fire_Installations_Cooking_Pots_and_Grinding_Tools_at_Tell_Mardikh_Ebla_Syria_Two_Case_Studies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1214535/Food_Processing_in_the_Levant_during_the_Middle_Bronze_Age_Fire_Installations_Cooking_Pots_and_Grinding_Tools_at_Tell_Mardikh_Ebla_Syria_Two_Case_Studies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="30244006" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30244006/The_life_history_of_basalt_ground_stone_tools_from_early_urban_domestic_contexts_A_chronicle_from_the_EBA_III_of_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel">The life-history of basalt ground stone tools from early urban domestic contexts: A chronicle from the EBA III of Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1046755" href="https://ariel.academia.edu/ItzickShai">Itzick Shai</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="205043" href="https://umanitoba.academia.edu/HaskelGreenfield" rel="nofollow">Haskel J Greenfield</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1785264" href="https://uib.academia.edu/JeremyBeller">Jeremy A Beller</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1581801" href="https://biu.academia.edu/AMaeir">Aren M . Maeir</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Recent archaeological excavations at the early urban settlement of Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel present the opportunity to reconstruct the life-history of basalt ground stone artefacts of an early urban domestic neighbourhood. Tell es-Safi/Gath is a multi-period site located on the border between the Judean foothills and the southern coastal plain of central Israel. Survey and excavations over the last two decades demonstrated that it was a major urban centre for the region during the Early Bronze Age (EBA) III. At the eastern end of the site, a neighbourhood of commoner residences (some perhaps associated with mercantile activities) have been exposed. This paper describes and analyses the basalt ground stone tools found in association with this domestic neighbourhood. It seeks to establish the nature of production, distribution, consumption, and discard associated with ground stone tools within a domestic context. The study involved several forms of analysis including typology, macroscopic observations, and excavation data. It is suggested that basalt sources from the northeastern regions of the southern Levant were exploited for the small-scale production of basalt artefacts by non-specialised craftsmen. These commodities were then transported in more or less finished form to Tell es-Safi/Gath where they were further redistributed or sold to the settlement residents. The residents of the Tell es-Safi/Gath neighbourhood utilised the basalt artefacts for traditionally domestic tasks, and ultimately intentionally discarded or recycled them in a few depositional contexts. In summary, this paper presents a unique investigation into the life-history of basalt ground stone artefacts discovered in the EB III occupation levels of Tell es-Safi/Gath. It further demonstrates the potential of ground stone tools for understanding the behaviour and daily life of non-elite people.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The life-history of basalt ground stone tools from early urban domestic contexts: A chronicle from the EBA III of Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel","attachmentId":50709385,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30244006/The_life_history_of_basalt_ground_stone_tools_from_early_urban_domestic_contexts_A_chronicle_from_the_EBA_III_of_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30244006/The_life_history_of_basalt_ground_stone_tools_from_early_urban_domestic_contexts_A_chronicle_from_the_EBA_III_of_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="25984386" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25984386/Formation_processes_in_Philistine_hearths_from_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_An_experimental_approach">Formation processes in Philistine hearths from Tell es-Safi/Gath (Israel): An experimental approach</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="232119" href="https://uni-kiel.academia.edu/ShiraGurArieh">Shira Gur-Arieh</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49798248" href="https://haifa.academia.edu/RuthShahackGross">Ruth Shahack-Gross</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1581801" href="https://biu.academia.edu/AMaeir">Aren M . Maeir</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Field Archaeology, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Ancient cooking installations yield important evidence for cooking technology and human diet. A cooking installation termed the Philistine pebble hearth is associated with the arrival of the Philistines at the beginning of the Iron Age in the southern Levant (ca. early/mid-12th century B.C.). These installations have been studied using traditional methods, focusing on a description of form and style in relation to the pottery of the period. Here we present a study using an experimental approach. We prepared three sets of experimental pebble hearths to study the pebbles' thermal behavior in relation to their volume. The comparison of these results with observations of Iron Age I archaeological hearths reveals different patterns in pebble shattering and soot patterns, indicating that the archaeological hearths were used in a different manner than the experimental ones. The experiments highlight the utility of shattered pebbles as an indicator of the use of fire directly on Philistine hearths, even in the absence of ash and/or charcoal. They also demonstrate that these installations may have been used with open fire or live embers. The results are applicable to the study of hearths worldwide, with implications for appropriate excavation methods and basic identification of ancient pyrotechnologies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Formation processes in Philistine hearths from Tell es-Safi/Gath (Israel): An experimental approach","attachmentId":46334656,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25984386/Formation_processes_in_Philistine_hearths_from_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_An_experimental_approach","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25984386/Formation_processes_in_Philistine_hearths_from_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_An_experimental_approach"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="25555875" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25555875/Food_preparation_habits_and_cultural_interaction_during_the_Late_Bronze_and_Iron_Age_in_southern_Israel">Food preparation habits and cultural interaction during the Late Bronze and Iron Age in southern Israel</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2722728" href="https://ariel.academia.edu/DavidBenShlomo">David Ben-Shlomo</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Food preparation habits and cultural interaction during the Late Bronze and Iron Age in southern Israel","attachmentId":45888180,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25555875/Food_preparation_habits_and_cultural_interaction_during_the_Late_Bronze_and_Iron_Age_in_southern_Israel","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25555875/Food_preparation_habits_and_cultural_interaction_during_the_Late_Bronze_and_Iron_Age_in_southern_Israel"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="36108383" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36108383/Toffolo_M_B_Martin_M_A_S_Master_D_M_and_Boaretto_E_2018_Microarchaeology_of_a_Grain_Silo_Insights_into_Stratigraphy_Chronology_and_Food_Storage_at_Late_Bronze_Age_Ashkelon_Israel_Journal_of_Archaeological_Science_Reports_19_177_188">Toffolo, M.B., Martin, M.A.S., Master, D.M. and Boaretto, E. 2018. Microarchaeology of a Grain Silo: Insights into Stratigraphy, Chronology and Food Storage at Late Bronze Age Ashkelon, Israel. Journal of Archaeological Science Reports 19: 177–188.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10436061" href="https://uibk.academia.edu/MarioMartin">Mario A . S . Martin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Pits and silos are storage features that often occur at prehistoric archaeological sites. Their shape, size and content may show a large degree of variability, and their function may be related to a number of behaviors that can provide valuable insight into the occupational history of a site. Such structures are usually investigated through the study of their macroscopic content, which may include stone, ceramic and metal artifacts, charred remains, and plant material in the case of good preservation conditions. However, pits and silos are generally characterized by complex life cycles that encompass also the partial or total removal of fill deposits, and the reuse of earlier structures, which hinder a proper interpretation of their function. This requires the application of a microarchaeological approach to the study of the sedimentary matrix of fill deposits, especially when macroscopic remains are absent or not uniquely related to a specific human activity. Here we present the study of a series of pits from the Late Bronze Age levels at Ashkelon, Israel, which were characterized by multiple fills layers. Using a combination of infrared spectrometry, phytolith analysis, and micromorphology of sediments, we show that one of the pits was used as grain silo and maintained through time. Radiocarbon dating of charred wheat seeds recovered from the primary depositional context thus identified caused a fundamental re-evaluation of the stratigraphy of the excavation area and a better understanding of its chronology.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Toffolo, M.B., Martin, M.A.S., Master, D.M. and Boaretto, E. 2018. Microarchaeology of a Grain Silo: Insights into Stratigraphy, Chronology and Food Storage at Late Bronze Age Ashkelon, Israel. Journal of Archaeological Science Reports 19: 177–188.","attachmentId":69258240,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36108383/Toffolo_M_B_Martin_M_A_S_Master_D_M_and_Boaretto_E_2018_Microarchaeology_of_a_Grain_Silo_Insights_into_Stratigraphy_Chronology_and_Food_Storage_at_Late_Bronze_Age_Ashkelon_Israel_Journal_of_Archaeological_Science_Reports_19_177_188","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36108383/Toffolo_M_B_Martin_M_A_S_Master_D_M_and_Boaretto_E_2018_Microarchaeology_of_a_Grain_Silo_Insights_into_Stratigraphy_Chronology_and_Food_Storage_at_Late_Bronze_Age_Ashkelon_Israel_Journal_of_Archaeological_Science_Reports_19_177_188"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":52028158,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":52028158,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_52028158" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="30244842" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30244842/Beller_J_A_Greenfield_H_J_Shai_I_and_Maeir_A_M_2016_The_Life_History_of_Basalt_Ground_Stone_Artefacts_from_Early_Urban_Contexts_A_View_from_the_EB_III_of_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_Journal_of_Lithic_Studies_3_3_">Beller, J. A., Greenfield, H. J., Shai, I., and Maeir, A. M. 2016 The Life-History of Basalt Ground Stone Artefacts from Early Urban Contexts: A View from the EB III of Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel. Journal of Lithic Studies 3(3).</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1785264" href="https://uib.academia.edu/JeremyBeller">Jeremy A Beller</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1581801" href="https://biu.academia.edu/AMaeir">Aren M . Maeir</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1046755" href="https://ariel.academia.edu/ItzickShai">Itzick Shai</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Beller, J. A., Greenfield, H. J., Shai, I., and Maeir, A. M. \t\t2016\tThe Life-History of Basalt Ground Stone Artefacts from Early Urban Contexts: A View from the EB III of Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel. Journal of Lithic Studies 3(3).","attachmentId":50710445,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30244842/Beller_J_A_Greenfield_H_J_Shai_I_and_Maeir_A_M_2016_The_Life_History_of_Basalt_Ground_Stone_Artefacts_from_Early_Urban_Contexts_A_View_from_the_EB_III_of_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_Journal_of_Lithic_Studies_3_3_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30244842/Beller_J_A_Greenfield_H_J_Shai_I_and_Maeir_A_M_2016_The_Life_History_of_Basalt_Ground_Stone_Artefacts_from_Early_Urban_Contexts_A_View_from_the_EB_III_of_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_Israel_Journal_of_Lithic_Studies_3_3_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="44123733" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44123733/The_Ground_Stone_Assemblages_of_the_Natufian_and_Neolithic_Societies_in_the_Levant_Current_Status">The Ground Stone Assemblages of the Natufian and Neolithic Societies in the Levant -Current Status</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="466314" href="https://huji.academia.edu/AnnaBelferCohen">Anna Belfer-Cohen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Ground Stone Assemblages of the Natufian and Neolithic Societies in the Levant -Current Status","attachmentId":64474299,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44123733/The_Ground_Stone_Assemblages_of_the_Natufian_and_Neolithic_Societies_in_the_Levant_Current_Status","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44123733/The_Ground_Stone_Assemblages_of_the_Natufian_and_Neolithic_Societies_in_the_Levant_Current_Status"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="38398023" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38398023/El_Khirba_Food_processing_and_other_ground_stone_tools_from_a_Roman_Abbasid_and_Mamluk_period_site_near_Nes_Ziyyona_Israel">El-Khirba: Food processing and other ground stone tools from a Roman, Abbasid and Mamluk period site near Nes Ziyyona, Israel</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5011115" href="https://haifa.academia.edu/DRosenberg">Danny Rosenberg</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">El-Khirba: Food processing and other ground stone tools from a Roman, Abbasid and Mamluk period site near Nes Ziyyona, Israel, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline 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The Taphonomy and Preservation of Wood and Dung Ashes Found in Archaeological Cooking Installations: Case Studies from Iron Age Israel. Journal of Archaeological Science 46: 50–67.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1581801" href="https://biu.academia.edu/AMaeir">Aren M . Maeir</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\tGur-Arieh, S., et al. 2014. The Taphonomy and Preservation of Wood and Dung Ashes Found in Archaeological Cooking Installations: Case Studies from Iron Age Israel. Journal of Archaeological Science 46: 50–67.","attachmentId":33312978,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6549183/Gur_Arieh_S_et_al_2014_The_Taphonomy_and_Preservation_of_Wood_and_Dung_Ashes_Found_in_Archaeological_Cooking_Installations_Case_Studies_from_Iron_Age_Israel_Journal_of_Archaeological_Science_46_50_67","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6549183/Gur_Arieh_S_et_al_2014_The_Taphonomy_and_Preservation_of_Wood_and_Dung_Ashes_Found_in_Archaeological_Cooking_Installations_Case_Studies_from_Iron_Age_Israel_Journal_of_Archaeological_Science_46_50_67"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="37692680" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37692680/THE_GROUND_STONE_INDUSTRY_STONE_WORKING_AT_THE_DAWN_OF_POTTERY_PRODUCTION_IN_THE_SOUTHERN_LEVANT">THE GROUND-STONE INDUSTRY: STONE WORKING AT THE DAWN OF POTTERY PRODUCTION IN THE SOUTHERN LEVANT</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5239855" href="https://huji.academia.edu/YosefGarfinkel">Yosef Garfinkel</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE GROUND-STONE INDUSTRY: STONE WORKING AT THE DAWN OF POTTERY PRODUCTION IN THE SOUTHERN LEVANT","attachmentId":57683849,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37692680/THE_GROUND_STONE_INDUSTRY_STONE_WORKING_AT_THE_DAWN_OF_POTTERY_PRODUCTION_IN_THE_SOUTHERN_LEVANT","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37692680/THE_GROUND_STONE_INDUSTRY_STONE_WORKING_AT_THE_DAWN_OF_POTTERY_PRODUCTION_IN_THE_SOUTHERN_LEVANT"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="5352646" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5352646/FLAKED_STONE_DISCS_OF_THE_NEOLITHIC_AND_CHALCOLITHIC_PERIODS_IN_THE_SOUTHERN_LEVANT">FLAKED STONE DISCS OF THE NEOLITHIC AND CHALCOLITHIC PERIODS IN THE SOUTHERN LEVANT</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5011115" href="https://haifa.academia.edu/DRosenberg">Danny Rosenberg</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"FLAKED STONE DISCS OF THE NEOLITHIC AND CHALCOLITHIC PERIODS IN THE SOUTHERN LEVANT","attachmentId":32504661,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5352646/FLAKED_STONE_DISCS_OF_THE_NEOLITHIC_AND_CHALCOLITHIC_PERIODS_IN_THE_SOUTHERN_LEVANT","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5352646/FLAKED_STONE_DISCS_OF_THE_NEOLITHIC_AND_CHALCOLITHIC_PERIODS_IN_THE_SOUTHERN_LEVANT"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="1194861" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1194861/Lehmann_Gunnar_2011_Cooking_Pots_and_Loomweights_in_a_Philistine_Village_Preliminary_Report_on_the_Excavations_at_Qubur_el_Walaydah_Israel_Pp_287_314_in_On_Cooking_Pots_Drinking_Cups_Loomweights_and_Ethnicity_in_Bronze_Age_Cyprus_and_Neighbouring_Regions_An_International_Archaeological_Symposium_held_in_Nicosia_November_6th_7th_2010_eds_V_Karageorghis_and_O_Kouka_Nicosia_Leventis_Foundation">Lehmann, Gunnar 2011 Cooking Pots and Loomweights in a ‘Philistine’ Village: Preliminary Report on the Excavations at Qubur el-Walaydah, Israel. Pp. 287-314 in On Cooking Pots, Drinking Cups, Loomweights and Ethnicity in Bronze Age Cyprus and Neighbouring Regions: An International Archaeological Symposium held in Nicosia, November 6th – 7th 2010, eds. V. Karageorghis and O. Kouka. Nicosia: Leventis Foundation.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="344408" href="https://bgu.academia.edu/GunnarLehmann">Gunnar Lehmann</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lehmann, Gunnar 2011\tCooking Pots and Loomweights in a ‘Philistine’ Village: Preliminary Report on the Excavations at Qubur el-Walaydah, Israel. Pp. 287-314 in On Cooking Pots, Drinking Cups, Loomweights and Ethnicity in Bronze Age Cyprus and Neighbouring Regions: An International Archaeological Symposium held in Nicosia, November 6th – 7th 2010, eds. V. Karageorghis and O. Kouka. 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I. 1993. Early Holocene ground stone assemblages in the Levant. Levant, 25(1): 93-111.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="849770" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/KatherineWright">Katherine I. (Karen) Wright</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Wright, K. I. 1993. Early Holocene ground stone assemblages in the Levant. 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