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<li id="toc-The_plot_to_kill_Lazarus_(12:9–11)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_plot_to_kill_Lazarus_(12:9–11)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>The plot to kill Lazarus (12:9–11)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_plot_to_kill_Lazarus_(12:9–11)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jesus'_triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem_(12:12–19)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jesus'_triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem_(12:12–19)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem (12:12–19)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jesus'_triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem_(12:12–19)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greek_pilgrims_in_Jerusalem_(12:20–36)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verses_24–27"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Verses 24–27</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verses_24–27-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verses_31–33" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verses_31–33"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Verses 31–33</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verses_31–33-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fulfilment_of_the_prophecies_of_Isaiah_(12:37–43)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fulfilment_of_the_prophecies_of_Isaiah_(12:37–43)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Fulfilment of the prophecies of Isaiah (12:37–43)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fulfilment_of_the_prophecies_of_Isaiah_(12:37–43)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Closing_observations_(12:44–50)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closing_observations_(12:44–50)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Closing observations (12:44–50)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closing_observations_(12:44–50)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> 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searchaux" style="display:none">Chapter of the New Testament</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">John 12</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="float: left;">← <a href="/wiki/John_11" title="John 11">chapter 11</a></div><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/John_13" title="John 13">chapter 13</a> →</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Papyrus_2_-_Egyptian_Museum,_Florence,_inv._nr._7134_-_John_12,12-15_Luke_7,22-26.50.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Papyrus_2_-_Egyptian_Museum%2C_Florence%2C_inv._nr._7134_-_John_12%2C12-15_Luke_7%2C22-26.50.jpg/200px-Papyrus_2_-_Egyptian_Museum%2C_Florence%2C_inv._nr._7134_-_John_12%2C12-15_Luke_7%2C22-26.50.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Papyrus_2_-_Egyptian_Museum%2C_Florence%2C_inv._nr._7134_-_John_12%2C12-15_Luke_7%2C22-26.50.jpg/300px-Papyrus_2_-_Egyptian_Museum%2C_Florence%2C_inv._nr._7134_-_John_12%2C12-15_Luke_7%2C22-26.50.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Papyrus_2_-_Egyptian_Museum%2C_Florence%2C_inv._nr._7134_-_John_12%2C12-15_Luke_7%2C22-26.50.jpg/400px-Papyrus_2_-_Egyptian_Museum%2C_Florence%2C_inv._nr._7134_-_John_12%2C12-15_Luke_7%2C22-26.50.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">John 12:12–15 in Greek in <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_2" title="Papyrus 2">Papyrus 2</a> (Egyptian Museum, Florence, inv. nr. 7134). Luke 7:22-26.50 in Coptic on reverse. 6th century.</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Book</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Category</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Christian Bible part</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Order in the Christian part</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John 12</b> is the twelfth chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>. It narrates an <a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">anointing of Jesus</a>' feet, attributed to <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a>, as well as an account of the <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">triumphal entry</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> into <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Halley_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The author of the book containing this chapter is <a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">anonymous</a>, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that <a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a> composed this <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Holman_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Text">Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original text was written in <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">This chapter is divided into</a> 50 verses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Textual_witnesses">Textual witnesses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Textual witnesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Koine Greek are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_75" title="Papyrus 75">Papyrus 75</a> (AD 175–225)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_66" title="Papyrus 66">Papyrus 66</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 200</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Vaticanus" title="Codex Vaticanus">Codex Vaticanus</a> (325–350)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus" title="Codex Sinaiticus">Codex Sinaiticus</a> (330–360)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Bezae" title="Codex Bezae">Codex Bezae</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 400)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Alexandrinus" title="Codex Alexandrinus">Codex Alexandrinus</a> (400–440)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_2" title="Papyrus 2">Papyrus 2</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 550; extant verses 12–15)<sup id="cite_ref-Aland_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_128" title="Papyrus 128">Papyrus 128</a> (6th/7th century; extant verses 16–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_59" title="Papyrus 59">Papyrus 59</a> (7th century; extant verses 25, 29, 31, 35)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places">Places</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Places"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Events recorded in this chapter refer to the following locations: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany">Bethany</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_11#Verse_1" title="John 11">John 11:1</a>), about 15 <a href="/wiki/Stadia_(length)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadia (length)">stadia</a> (15 <a href="/wiki/Furlongs" class="mw-redirect" title="Furlongs">furlongs</a> or 2 <a href="/wiki/Miles" class="mw-redirect" title="Miles">miles</a>) away from Jerusalem (<a href="/wiki/John_11#Verse_18" title="John 11">John 11:18</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Old_Testament_references">Old Testament references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Old Testament references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#12:13" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 12:13</a>: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Psalms#118:26" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Psalms">Psalm 118:26</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901840_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901840-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#12:15" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 12:15</a>: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Zechariah#9:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Zechariah">Zechariah 9:9</a><sup id="cite_ref-kingjamesbibleonline.org_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingjamesbibleonline.org-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#12:27" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 12:27</a>: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Psalms#6:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Psalms">Psalm 6:3a</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901838_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901838-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Psalms#42:6" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Psalms">Psalm 42:6</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#12:34" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 12:34</a>: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Psalms#110:4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Psalms">Psalm 110:4</a><sup id="cite_ref-kingjamesbibleonline.org_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingjamesbibleonline.org-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#12:38" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 12:38</a>: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Isaiah#53:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Isaiah">Isaiah 53:1</a><sup id="cite_ref-kingjamesbibleonline.org_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingjamesbibleonline.org-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#12:40" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 12:40</a>: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Isaiah#6:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Isaiah">Isaiah 6:10</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_Testament_references">New Testament references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: New Testament references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+12:21&version=nkjv">John 12:21</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+1:44&version=nkjv">John 1:44</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_anointing_at_Bethany_(12:1–8)"><span id="The_anointing_at_Bethany_.2812:1.E2.80.938.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="The_anointing_at_Bethany"></span>The anointing at Bethany (12:1–8)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The anointing at Bethany (12:1–8)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_1–3"><span id="Verse_1.E2.80.933"></span>Verse 1–3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Verse 1–3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Then, six days before the <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a>, Jesus came to Bethany, where Lazarus was who had been dead, whom He had raised from the dead.</i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>The narrative suggests that Jesus and His disciples travelled to Bethany from <a href="/wiki/Ephraim_in_the_wilderness" title="Ephraim in the wilderness">Ephraim</a>, where Jesus had been staying to avoid the Jewish leaders who were plotting to kill him (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+11:53–54&version=nkjv">John 11:53–54</a>). He dined with <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martha" title="Martha">Martha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary</a>, a family well known to Jesus (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+11:1–3&version=nkjv">John 11:1–3</a>). This family group had been introduced to the readers of John's Gospel in <a href="/wiki/John_11" title="John 11">chapter 11</a>, with Mary being described in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+11:2&version=nkjv">John 11:2</a> as "that Mary who anointed the Lord with fragrant oil and wiped His feet with her hair", the event recounted in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#12:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 12:3</a>. </p> <dl><dd><i>Then Mary took about a pint of <a href="/wiki/Spikenard" title="Spikenard">pure nard</a>, an expensive perfume; she poured it on Jesus' feet and wiped his feet with her hair. And the house was filled with the fragrance of the perfume.</i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Composition_of_John_11_and_12.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Composition_of_John_11_and_12.png/350px-Composition_of_John_11_and_12.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Composition_of_John_11_and_12.png/525px-Composition_of_John_11_and_12.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Composition_of_John_11_and_12.png/700px-Composition_of_John_11_and_12.png 2x" data-file-width="1438" data-file-height="764" /></a><figcaption>New Testament scholars have sought to explain how the story of Mary of Bethany was probably composed.<sup id="cite_ref-esler_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esler-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Verse 12:3 is curiously foretold in <a href="/wiki/John_11" title="John 11">verse 11:2</a>, and shows many striking similarities with, but also differences from, various traditions narrated in the other canonical gospels, which has created much scholarly controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-verse_2_Commentaries_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verse_2_Commentaries-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Biblical_studies" title="Biblical studies">New Testament scholars</a> try to establish how John's narrative of the <a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising of Lazarus">raising of Lazarus</a> and the subsequent feet-<a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">anointing of Jesus</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a> (John 11:1–12:11,17) was composed by seeking to explain its apparent relationships with the older textual traditions of the <a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works#Gospel_of_John" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">author of John</a> seems<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> to have combined elements from several – apparently originally unrelated – stories into a single narrative. These include the unnamed woman's head-anointing of Jesus in <a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany">Bethany</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mark_14" title="Mark 14">Mark 14</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_26" title="Matthew 26">Matthew 26</a>), the sinful woman's feet-anointing (and hair-wiping) of Jesus in <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Luke_7" title="Luke 7">Luke 7</a>; these first two may have a common origin, the Lukan account likely being derived from Mark), <a href="/wiki/Jesus_at_the_home_of_Martha_and_Mary" title="Jesus at the home of Martha and Mary">Jesus' visit to Martha and Mary in the unnamed Galilean village</a> (<a href="/wiki/Luke_10" title="Luke 10">Luke 10</a>), Jesus' parable of the <a href="/wiki/Rich_man_and_Lazarus" title="Rich man and Lazarus">rich man and Lazarus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Luke_16" title="Luke 16">Luke 16</a>), and possibly others involving Jesus' miraculous raising of the dead (the <a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Jairus%27_daughter" title="Raising of Jairus' daughter">raising of Jairus' daughter</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Raising_of_the_son_of_the_widow_of_Nain" title="Raising of the son of the widow of Nain">raising of the son of the widow of Nain</a>). Meanwhile, other elements were removed <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> or replaced; for example, <a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Leper" title="Simon the Leper">Simon the Leper</a>/<a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Pharisee" title="Simon the Pharisee">Simon the Pharisee</a> was replaced<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> by Lazarus as the host of the feast in Jesus' honour, and Bethany in <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a> was chosen as the setting, while most elements of John's narrative correspond to traditions that the Synoptics set in Galilee. Scholars<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> pay particular attention to verse <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+11:2&version=nkjv">John 11:2</a> (and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+11:1&version=nkjv">John 11:1</a>), which may represent an effort by the author or a <a href="/wiki/Redaction" title="Redaction">later redactor</a> to stress a connection between these stories that is, however, not found in the older canonical gospels.<sup id="cite_ref-esler_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esler-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They further argue that the actual anointing will not be narrated until verse 12:3, and that neither Mary, nor Martha, nor the village of these sisters, nor any anointing is mentioned in the Gospel of John before this point, suggesting that the author (or redactor) assumes the readers already have knowledge of these characters, this location and this event, and wants to tell them that these were connected (which he apparently knew the readers did not commonly know/believe yet) long before giving the readers more details.<sup id="cite_ref-verse_2_Commentaries_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verse_2_Commentaries-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-esler_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esler-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Esler and Piper (2006) posited that verse 11:2 is evidence that the author of the Gospel of John deliberately mixed up several traditions in an 'audacious attempt (...) to rework the collective memory of the Christ-movement'. According to Esler, the author did not strive to give a historically accurate account of what had happened, but instead, for theological purposes, combined various existing narratives in order to construct Lazarus, Mary and Martha of Bethany as a prototypical Christian family, whose example is to be followed by Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-esler_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esler-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verses_4–6"><span id="Verses_4.E2.80.936"></span>Verses 4–6</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Verses 4–6"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a>, described as "one of [Jesus'] disciples" and "Simon’s son, who would betray Him", asks “Why was this fragrant oil not sold for three hundred <a href="/wiki/Denarius" title="Denarius">denarii</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">δηναρίων τριακοσίων</span>) and the money given to poor people (or <i>the poor</i>)?” The <a href="/wiki/New_International_Version" title="New International Version">New International Version</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_King_James_Version" title="New King James Version">New King James Version</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Living_Translation" title="New Living Translation">New Living Translation</a> all equate this amount to a year's <a href="/wiki/Wage" title="Wage">wages</a>. In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#14:5" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">Mark 14:5</a> the oil is also valued at three hundred denarii; in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Matthew%2026:9">Matthew 26:9</a> it could have been sold for "a high (but unspecified) price". H W Watkins computes that, since in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#6:7" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 6:7</a>, two hundred denarii would purchase <a href="/wiki/Feeding_of_the_multitude#The_Feeding_of_the_5,000_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Feeding of the multitude">food for 5,000</a>, three hundred denarii would have fed 7,500 people.<sup id="cite_ref-Watkins_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watkins-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>John's Gospel is the only one which observes that Judas was responsible for the disciples' "common fund" or "<a href="/wiki/Money_box" class="mw-redirect" title="Money box">money box</a>", both here in verse 6 and again in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+13:29&version=nkjv">John 13:29</a>. The word το γλωσσοκομον (<i>glōssokomon</i>) "means literally "a case for mouthpieces" of musical instruments, and hence any portable chest. It occurs in the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> texts of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+24:8&version=nkjv">2 Chronicles 24:8,11</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_7">Verse 7</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Verse 7"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>But Jesus said, “Let her alone; she has kept this for the day of My burial.</i><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>The <a href="/wiki/New_Revised_Standard_Version" title="New Revised Standard Version">New Revised Standard Version</a>, differing from other translations, reads "She <i>bought</i> it so that she might keep it for the day of my burial".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_plot_to_kill_Lazarus_(12:9–11)"><span id="The_plot_to_kill_Lazarus_.2812:9.E2.80.9311.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="The_plot_to_kill_Lazarus"></span>The plot to kill Lazarus (12:9–11)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The plot to kill Lazarus (12:9–11)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A great many of the Jews came to Bethany, "not for Jesus’ sake only, but that they might also see Lazarus, whom He had raised from the dead. The wording of verse 9 suggests that Jesus remains a while in the town.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyer's_NT_Commentary_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyer's_NT_Commentary-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But the chief priests plotted to put Lazarus to death also, because on account of him many of the Jews went away and believed in Jesus" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+12:9–11&version=nkjv">John 12:9–11</a>). <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a> comments on "the folly of the priests — as if Christ could not raise Lazarus a second time!" <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Poole" title="Matthew Poole">Matthew Poole</a> asks, "What had Lazarus done?"<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plot to put Lazarus to death may be read alongside the developing plot to kill Jesus (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+10:31&version=nkjv">John 10:31, 39</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+11:53&version=nkjv">John 11:53</a>) as if there were parallel plots "to kill Lazarus as well as Jesus",<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or even to kill Lazarus first - as <a href="/wiki/Albert_Barnes_(theologian)" title="Albert Barnes (theologian)">Albert Barnes</a> suggests: "as it was determined to kill Jesus, so they consulted about the propriety of removing Lazarus first, that the number of his followers might be lessened, and that the death of Jesus might make less commotion".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But the observation that "on account of [Lazarus] many of the Jews went away (from the Pharisees) and believed in Jesus (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+12:10&version=nkjv">John 12:10</a>) could indicate that in the early church Lazarus was influential in converting many Jews to the belief that Jesus was the Messiah. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jesus'_triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem_(12:12–19)"><span id="Jesus.27_triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem_.2812:12.E2.80.9319.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="Jesus'_triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem"></span>Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem (12:12–19)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem (12:12–19)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Triumphal entry into Jerusalem</a></div> <p>John 12:12 states that on "the next day", a great multitude who had <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage#Judaism" title="Pilgrimage">come to Jerusalem for the feast of Passover</a>, "heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem", and so they took branches of palm trees and went out to meet Him. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+12:1&version=nkjv">John 12:1</a> presents Jesus in Bethany "six days before the Passover", so His entry into Jerusalem can be understood as taking place five days before the Passover, on "the tenth day of the Jewish month <a href="/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan">Nisan</a>, on which the <a href="/wiki/Korban_Pesach" class="mw-redirect" title="Korban Pesach">paschal lamb</a> was set apart to be 'kept up until the fourteenth day of the same month, when the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel were to kill it in the evening'.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>"‘On the tenth of this month every man shall take for himself a lamb, according to the house of his father, a lamb for a household. And if the household is too small for the lamb, let him and his neighbor next to his house take it according to the number of the persons; according to each man’s need you shall make your count for the lamb. Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year. You may take it from the sheep or from the goats. Now you shall keep it until the fourteenth day of the same month" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+12:3–6&version=nkjv">Exodus 12:3–6</a>).</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Greek_pilgrims_in_Jerusalem_(12:20–36)"><span id="Greek_pilgrims_in_Jerusalem_.2812:20.E2.80.9336.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="Greek_pilgrims_in_Jerusalem"></span>Greek pilgrims in Jerusalem (12:20–36)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Greek pilgrims in Jerusalem (12:20–36)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/The_Grain_of_Wheat" title="The Grain of Wheat">The Grain of Wheat</a></div> <p>Some ethnic <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Ἕλληνές</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had also made the pilgrimage to Jerusalem for the feast (John 12:20). Jesus' interest in teaching the <a href="/wiki/Greek_diaspora" title="Greek diaspora">Greeks of the diaspora</a> has already proved a matter of some intrigue in <a href="/wiki/John_7" title="John 7">chapter 7</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+7:35&version=nkjv">John 7:35</a>). <a href="/wiki/Johann_Albrecht_Bengel#Gnomon_Novi_Testamenti" title="Johann Albrecht Bengel">Bengel's Gnomen</a> notes that "it is not clear that they were <a href="/wiki/Circumcised" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumcised">circumcised</a>: certainly, at least, they were worshippers of the One God of Israel" - they were present in Jerusalem "that they might worship at the feast (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">ἵνα προσκυνήσωσιν ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ</span>). John uses the same word, <i>προσκυνειν</i>, <i>proskunein</i>, literally to <a href="/wiki/Kneeling" title="Kneeling">kneel</a> and kiss the ground,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+4:20–24&version=nkjv">John 4:20–24</a> in relation to the <a href="/wiki/Samaritans#Tensions_between_the_Samaritans_and_the_Judeans" title="Samaritans">Jewish-Samaritan</a> debate over the sacred place "where one ought to worship" (John 4:20; NKJV translation), where He announces that "the hour is coming when you will [worship] neither on this mountain (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mount Gerizim</a>), nor in Jerusalem". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_August_Wilhelm_Meyer" title="Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer">Meyer's New Testament Commentary</a> and the Expanded Bible (2011) <sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both state that these pilgrims were "<a href="/wiki/Gentiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentiles">gentiles</a>". They had presumably "heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem" on the same basis as the Jewish multitude mentioned in John 12:12, although Meyer raises the possibility that "they came to Philip <i>accidentally</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-Meyer's_NT_Commentary_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyer's_NT_Commentary-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The evangelist raises the question of whether they can see (meet) <sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (or believe in) <sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus (John 12:21). "They came to <a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a>, who was from <a href="/wiki/Bethsaida" title="Bethsaida">Bethsaida</a> of <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>, and asked him, saying, 'Sir, we wish to see Jesus'. Philip came and told <a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a>, and in turn Andrew and Philip told Jesus. The evangelist repeats the information already provided at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+1:44&version=nkjv">John 1:44</a>, that Philip came from Bethsaida in Galilee, which was "also the city of Andrew and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a>". Both Philip and Andrew have <a href="/wiki/Greek_name" title="Greek name">Greek names</a>. Watkins considers it "a striking coincidence, and perhaps more than this, that the Greeks thus came into connection with the only <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> who bear Greek names".<sup id="cite_ref-Watkins_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watkins-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_23">Verse 23</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Verse 23"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Watkins observes that the coming of the Greeks is mentioned "not for the sake of the fact itself, but for that of the discourse which followed upon it",<sup id="cite_ref-Watkins_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watkins-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Swedish-based commentator <a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Kieffer" class="extiw" title="sv:René Kieffer">René Kieffer</a> notes that it is to them, along with the rest of his audience, that Jesus reveals the mystery of his imminent death:<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><i>The hour has come that the Son of Man should be glorified.</i><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verses_24–27"><span id="Verses_24.E2.80.9327"></span>Verses 24–27</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Verses 24–27"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jesus' discourse, set out in John 12:24–27, leaves readers "in doubt as to the result of the Greeks’ request":<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>"Most assuredly, I say to you, unless a grain (or kernel) <sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of wheat falls into the ground and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it produces much grain. He who loves his life will lose it, and he who hates his life in this world will keep it for <a href="/wiki/Eternal_life_(Christianity)" title="Eternal life (Christianity)">eternal life</a>. If anyone serves Me, let him follow Me; and where I am, there My servant will be also. If anyone serves Me, him My Father will honour. Now My soul is troubled, and what shall I say? ‘Father, save Me from this hour’? But for this purpose I came to this hour. 'Father, glorify Your name'.”</dd></dl> <p>The evangelist addresses directly the issue that the Messiah had died: "Strange as it may seem to you that the <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a> should die, yet this is but the course of nature: a seed cannot be glorified unless it dies".<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a> refers to the same idea in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:1%20Corinthians%2015:36">1 Corinthians 15:36</a>: "What you sow does not come to life unless it dies". </p><p>Theologian Harold Buls suggests that the grain of wheat which "falls into the ground and dies" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+12:24&version=nkjv">John 12:24</a>) refers to Jesus alone, whereas the teaching that "he who loves his life will lose it, and he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life" (John 12:25) applies "to all people, Jews and Gentiles".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">ἀπολλύει</span>, <i>apollyei</i> (loses) is written as ἀπολέσει, <i>apolesei</i> (will lose) in the Byzantine <a href="/wiki/Majority_Text" class="mw-redirect" title="Majority Text">Majority Text</a>, but Watkins argues that the present text has "slightly more probability": </p> <dl><dd>"the loss of life is not in the future only, but that in the present, in every moment when a man loves and seeks to save his own life, he is then, and by that very seeking, actually losing it".<sup id="cite_ref-Watkins_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watkins-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Bible_for_Schools_and_Colleges" title="Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges">Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges</a> notes that in John 12:25, two Greek words, ψυχὴν, <i>psychēn</i> and ζωὴν, <i>zōēn</i>, are both translated into English as "life": "in the first two cases (ψυχὴν), 'life' means the life of the individual, in the last (ζωὴν), life in the abstract. By sacrificing life in the one sense, we may win life in the other".<sup id="cite_ref-Watkins_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watkins-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This work also comments that <a href="/wiki/Matthew_10:39" title="Matthew 10:39">Matthew 10:39</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+16:25&version=nkjv">Matthew 16:25</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+8:35&version=nkjv">Mark 8:35</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+9:24&version=nkjv">Luke 9:24</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+17:33&version=nkjv">Luke 17:33</a> all express the same idea, and that a "comparison of the texts will show that most of them refer to different occasions, so that this solemn warning must have been often on [Jesus'] lips".<sup id="cite_ref-Watkins_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watkins-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Living_Bible" title="The Living Bible">The Living Bible</a> makes the distinction clearer by <a href="/wiki/Biblical_paraphrase" title="Biblical paraphrase">paraphrasing</a> ζωὴν as "eternal glory".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verses_31–33"><span id="Verses_31.E2.80.9333"></span>Verses 31–33</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Verses 31–33"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Jesus goes on to make the following statement:</p><blockquote><p>"Now is the judgment of this world; now will the ruler of this world be cast out. And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself." He said this to show by what kind of death he was going to die.</p></blockquote><p>The meaning of this teaching (especially verse 32) has been the subject of much exegetical and theological dispute. Some have interpreted Christ's promise here (that "all" will be drawn to him) in light of his teaching in John 6:44 that those drawn to him will be "raised up on the last day," so as to imply eventual <a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">universal salvation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others have appealed to the contextual detail in verse 20 ("some Greeks" sought Jesus), so as to infer that Christ only means that people of all kinds (Gentiles as well as Jews) will be drawn to him, rather than every individual without exception.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still others have suggested that he means only that all will be 'invited' or 'summoned' to Christ, not that all will necessarily be effectually regenerated and saved.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of this depends upon how one understands the meaning of the Greek words πᾶς ("all") and ἕλκω ("to draw"), as they are used in this context. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fulfilment_of_the_prophecies_of_Isaiah_(12:37–43)"><span id="Fulfilment_of_the_prophecies_of_Isaiah_.2812:37.E2.80.9343.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="Fulfilment_of_the_prophecies_of_Isaiah"></span>Fulfilment of the prophecies of Isaiah (12:37–43)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Fulfilment of the prophecies of Isaiah (12:37–43)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The evangelist relates Jesus' teaching and its reception to two passages taken from the prophet <a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a>, whose words Jesus had also used in the synoptic gospels at the commencement of Jesus' <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">public ministry</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+4:18&version=nkjv">Luke 4:18</a>). The two passages quoted are <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+6:10&version=nkjv">Isaiah 6:10</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+53:1&version=nkjv">53:1</a>, both relating to belief and resistance: </p> <dl><dd><i>He has blinded their eyes and hardened their hearts, lest they should see with their eyes, lest they should understand with their hearts and turn, so that I should heal them</i></dd> <dd><i>Lord, who has believed our report (or message)? And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?</i></dd></dl> <p>Meyer identifies these words with "the close of the public ministry of Jesus", a point at which there is an assessment of the results of His teaching "in respect to faith in Him".<sup id="cite_ref-Meyer's_NT_Commentary_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyer's_NT_Commentary-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Closing_observations_(12:44–50)"><span id="Closing_observations_.2812:44.E2.80.9350.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="Closing_observations"></span>Closing observations (12:44–50)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Closing observations (12:44–50)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Verses 44–50 represent the close of Jesus' public ministry. He "cries out" (verse 44), a phrase which the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges says "implies <i>public</i> teaching".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verse 36 ("These things Jesus spoke, and departed, and was hidden from them") indicate that the final verses of the chapter act as an "epilogue and recapitulation",<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "a sort of summary and winding up of His whole testimony",<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "the thoughts of St. John as he looked back on the unbelief of Judaism".<sup id="cite_ref-Watkins_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watkins-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The evangelist summarises Jesus' mission: he was sent by God the Father to offer eternal life (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+12:50&version=nkjv">John 12:50</a>). "With this the first main division of the Gospel ends. Christ’s revelation of Himself to the world in His ministry is concluded. The Evangelist has set before us the Testimony to the Christ, the Work of the Christ, and the Judgment respecting the work, which has ended in a conflict, and the conflict has reached a climax".<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_of_Bethany" class="mw-redirect" title="Martha of Bethany">Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Leper" title="Simon the Leper">Simon the Leper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Triumphal entry into Jerusalem</a></li> <li>Related <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> parts: <a href="/wiki/Psalm_118" title="Psalm 118">Psalm 118</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_6" title="Isaiah 6">Isaiah 6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_53" title="Isaiah 53">Isaiah 53</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zechariah_9" title="Zechariah 9">Zechariah 9</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_21" title="Matthew 21">Matthew 21</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_26" title="Matthew 26">Matthew 26</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_11" title="Mark 11">Mark 11</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_14" title="Mark 14">Mark 14</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luke_19" title="Luke 19">Luke 19</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Halley-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Halley_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Halley, Henry H. <i>Halley's Bible Handbook</i>: an Abbreviated Bible Commentary. 23rd edition. Zondervan Publishing House. 1962.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holman-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Holman_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aland-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aland_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAlandAland1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Aland" title="Kurt Aland">Aland, Kurt</a>; <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Aland" title="Barbara Aland">Aland, Barbara</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2pYDsAhUOxAC&pg=PA96"><i>The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism</i></a>. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Company" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company">William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company</a>. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4098-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4098-1"><bdi>978-0-8028-4098-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Text+of+the+New+Testament%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Critical+Editions+and+to+the+Theory+and+Practice+of+Modern+Textual+Criticism&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1&rft.aulast=Aland&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rft.au=Aland%2C+Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2pYDsAhUOxAC%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+12" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901840-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901840_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKirkpatrick1901">Kirkpatrick 1901</a>, p. 840.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kingjamesbibleonline.org-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kingjamesbibleonline.org_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingjamesbibleonline.org_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingjamesbibleonline.org_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Iohn_12_1611/">"Biblical concordances of John 12 in the 1611 King James Bible"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biblical+concordances+of+John+12+in+the+1611+King+James+Bible&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kingjamesbibleonline.org%2FIohn_12_1611%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+12" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901838-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick1901838_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKirkpatrick1901">Kirkpatrick 1901</a>, p. 838.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/text/mark/14-34.htm">Mark 14:34</a> Greek, Biblehub.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKirkpatrick1895" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kirkpatrick" title="Alexander Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick, A. F.</a> (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MbQrgmVt1sQC"><i>The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes. Books II and III: Psalms XLII-LXXXIX</i></a>. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Vol. 16. Cambridge: At the University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">229–</span>230<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Psalms%3A+with+Introduction+and+Notes.+Books+II+and+III%3A+Psalms+XLII-LXXXIX&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=The+Cambridge+Bible+for+Schools+and+Colleges&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E229-%3C%2Fspan%3E230&rft.pub=At+the+University+Press&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=A.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMbQrgmVt1sQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+12" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+12:1&version=nkjv">John 12:1</a> <a href="/wiki/New_King_James_Version" title="New King James Version">NKJV</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:John%2012:3">John 12:3</a> New International Version.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-esler-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-esler_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-esler_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-esler_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-esler_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEslerPiper2006" class="citation book cs1">Esler, Philip Francis; Piper, Ronald Allen (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7Jgi5jNVIj4C&pg=PA49"><i>Lazarus, Mary and Martha: Social-scientific Approaches to the Gospel of John</i></a>. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">49–</span>60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780800638306" title="Special:BookSources/9780800638306"><bdi>9780800638306</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lazarus%2C+Mary+and+Martha%3A+Social-scientific+Approaches+to+the+Gospel+of+John&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E49-%3C%2Fspan%3E60&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780800638306&rft.aulast=Esler&rft.aufirst=Philip+Francis&rft.au=Piper%2C+Ronald+Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Jgi5jNVIj4C%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+12" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEhrman2006" class="citation book cs1">Ehrman, Bart D. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QpNKcdZKYvoC&pg=PT199"><i>Truth and Fiction in The Da Vinci Code: A Historian Reveals What We Really Know about Jesus, Mary Magdalene, and Constantine</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199924127" title="Special:BookSources/9780199924127"><bdi>9780199924127</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Truth+and+Fiction+in+The+Da+Vinci+Code%3A+A+Historian+Reveals+What+We+Really+Know+about+Jesus%2C+Mary+Magdalene%2C+and+Constantine&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780199924127&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQpNKcdZKYvoC%26pg%3DPT199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+12" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEhrman1999" class="citation book cs1">Ehrman, Bart D. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c9K_6NN3llcC&pg=PA189"><i>Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199839438" title="Special:BookSources/9780199839438"><bdi>9780199839438</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus%3A+Apocalyptic+Prophet+of+the+New+Millennium&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780199839438&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc9K_6NN3llcC%26pg%3DPA189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+12" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFlader2010" class="citation book cs1">Flader, John (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b7kcK5YGvWkC&pg=PA80"><i>Question Time: 150 Questions and Answers on the Catholic Faith</i></a>. Taylor Trade Publications. pp. <span class="nowrap">79–</span>81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58979594-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58979594-5"><bdi>978-1-58979594-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Question+Time%3A+150+Questions+and+Answers+on+the+Catholic+Faith&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E79-%3C%2Fspan%3E81&rft.pub=Taylor+Trade+Publications&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-58979594-5&rft.aulast=Flader&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db7kcK5YGvWkC%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+12" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDenaux1998" class="citation journal cs1">Denaux, Adelbert (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_vla016199801_01/_vla016199801_01_0010.php">"Het lijden van Jezus Christus in het Nieuwe Testament"</a>. <i>Kunsttijdschrift Vlaanderen</i>. <b>47</b> (269): 68.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kunsttijdschrift+Vlaanderen&rft.atitle=Het+lijden+van+Jezus+Christus+in+het+Nieuwe+Testament&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=269&rft.pages=68&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Denaux&rft.aufirst=Adelbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dbnl.org%2Ftekst%2F_vla016199801_01%2F_vla016199801_01_0010.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+12" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-verse_2_Commentaries-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-verse_2_Commentaries_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-verse_2_Commentaries_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/john/11-2.htm">"John 11:2 Commentaries"</a>. <i>Biblehub.com</i>. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biblehub.com&rft.atitle=John+11%3A2+Commentaries&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fcommentaries%2Fjohn%2F11-2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+12" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEhrman2006" class="citation book cs1">Ehrman, Bart D. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QpNKcdZKYvoC&pg=PT199"><i>Truth and Fiction in The Da Vinci Code: A Historian Reveals What We Really Know about Jesus, Mary Magdalene, and Constantine</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199924127" title="Special:BookSources/9780199924127"><bdi>9780199924127</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Truth+and+Fiction+in+The+Da+Vinci+Code%3A+A+Historian+Reveals+What+We+Really+Know+about+Jesus%2C+Mary+Magdalene%2C+and+Constantine&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780199924127&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQpNKcdZKYvoC%26pg%3DPT199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+12" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEhrman1999" class="citation book cs1">Ehrman, Bart D. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c9K_6NN3llcC&pg=PA189"><i>Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199839438" title="Special:BookSources/9780199839438"><bdi>9780199839438</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus%3A+Apocalyptic+Prophet+of+the+New+Millennium&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780199839438&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc9K_6NN3llcC%26pg%3DPA189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+12" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFlader2010" class="citation book cs1">Flader, John (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b7kcK5YGvWkC&pg=PA80"><i>Question Time: 150 Questions and Answers on the Catholic Faith</i></a>. Taylor Trade Publications. pp. <span class="nowrap">79–</span>81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58979594-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58979594-5"><bdi>978-1-58979594-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Question+Time%3A+150+Questions+and+Answers+on+the+Catholic+Faith&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E79-%3C%2Fspan%3E81&rft.pub=Taylor+Trade+Publications&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-58979594-5&rft.aulast=Flader&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db7kcK5YGvWkC%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+12" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Watkins-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Watkins_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watkins_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watkins_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watkins_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watkins_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watkins_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watkins_20-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/ellicott/matthew/26.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for Modern Readers</a> on Matthew 26, accessed 1 June 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cambridge-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/john/12.htm">Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges</a> on John 12, accessed 2 June 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+12:7&version=nkjv">John 12:7</a>: NKJV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2012:7&version=nrsv">John 12:7</a>: NRSV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meyer's_NT_Commentary-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meyer's_NT_Commentary_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyer's_NT_Commentary_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyer's_NT_Commentary_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/meyer/john/12.htm">Meyer's NT Commentary</a> on John 12, accessed 10 June 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/john/12.htm">Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges</a> on John 12, accessed 2 June 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Poole, M., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/poole/john/12.htm">Matthew Poole's Commentary</a> on John 12, accessed 27 January 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/pulpit/john/12.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a> on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+12&version=nkjv">John 12</a>, accessed 2 June 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/john/12.htm">Barnes' Notes</a> on John 12, accessed 2 June 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/jfb/john/12.htm">Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary</a> on John 12, accessed 3 June 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.provroanoke.org/blog/life-in-death">"Life in Death - John 12:20-26"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Providence_Presbyterian_Church" title="Providence Presbyterian Church">Providence Presbyterian Church</a></i>. <q>These weren't Greek speaking Jews, these were ethnic Greeks or gentiles.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Providence+Presbyterian+Church&rft.atitle=Life+in+Death+-+John+12%3A20-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.provroanoke.org%2Fblog%2Flife-in-death&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+12" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/greek/4352.htm">Strong's Concordance</a>, 4352: <i>proskuneó</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+12:20&version=exb">John 12:20</a>: Expanded Bible: "Gentiles — here meant to represent people from all over the world"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Expanded Bible, note at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+12:21&version=nkjv">John 12:21</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The interplay between seeing and believing is often referred to in John's Gospel: see verses 44-45 in this chapter, and also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6:30&version=nkjv">John 6:30</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6:40&version=nkjv">John 6:40</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+20:8&version=nkjv">John 20:8</a> and 20:29a)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kieffer, R., <i>59. John</i>, in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://b-ok.org/dl/946961/8f5f43">The Oxford Bible Commentary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171122193211/http://b-ok.org/dl/946961/8f5f43">Archived</a> 2017-11-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 984</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+12:23&version=nkjv">John 12:23</a>: NKJV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/New_International_Version" title="New International Version">New International Version</a> and <a href="/wiki/NET_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="NET Bible">NET Bible</a> translations</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pericope.org/buls-notes/john/john_12_20_33.htm">Buls' Notes</a> on John 12, accessed 11 June 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+12&version=TLB">The Living Bible translation</a> of John 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Allin_(Anglican)" title="Thomas Allin (Anglican)">Thomas Allin</a>, <i>Christ Triumphant</i> (ed. <a href="/wiki/Robin_Parry" title="Robin Parry">Robin Parry</a>), 249. Cf. <a href="/wiki/David_Bentley_Hart" title="David Bentley Hart">David Bentley Hart</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/That_All_Shall_Be_Saved" title="That All Shall Be Saved">That All Shall Be Saved</a></i>, 27, 98, 179; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Talbott" title="Thomas Talbott">Thomas Talbott</a>, <i>The Inescapable Love of God</i>, 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <i>ESV Study Bible</i> (ed. Wayne Grudem), note on John 12:32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Steve Lemke, "Is God's Grace Irresistible?" in <i>Calvinism: A Biblical and Theological Critique</i>, 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/john/12.htm">Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges</a> on John 12, accessed 2 June 2016 - emphasis in original</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/bengel/john/12.htm">Bengel's Gnomon of the New Testament</a> on John 12, accessed 14 June 2016, also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/wes/john/12.htm">Welsey's Notes</a> on John 12, accessed 14 June 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/jfb/john/12.htm">Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary</a> on John 12, accessed 14 June 2016</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKirkpatrick1901" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kirkpatrick" title="Alexander Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick, A. F.</a> (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC"><i>The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes</i></a>. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Vol. Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL. Cambridge: At the University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Psalms%3A+with+Introduction+and+Notes&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=The+Cambridge+Bible+for+Schools+and+Colleges&rft.pub=At+the+University+Press&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=A.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSLJzlHElr6cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+12" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_12&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#12:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 12</a> King James Bible - Wikisource</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=1&b=4&c=12">English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200922075732/http://latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=1&b=4&c=12">Archived</a> 2020-09-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gospelhall.org/bible/bible.php?passage=John+12"><i>Online Bible</i> at GospelHall.org</a> (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=50&chapter=12">Multiple bible versions at <i>Bible Gateway</i></a> (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%; clear: both;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Preceded by<br /><b><a href="/wiki/John_11" title="John 11">John 11</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><b>Chapters of the Bible<br /><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Succeeded by<br /><b><a href="/wiki/John_13" title="John 13">John 13</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gospel_of_John160" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gospel_of_John" title="Template:Gospel of John"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gospel_of_John" title="Template talk:Gospel of John"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel_of_John" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel of John"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gospel_of_John160" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospel_of_John_chapters" title="Category:Gospel of John chapters">Chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_1" title="John 1">John 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Signs" title="Book of Signs">Book of Signs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_2" title="John 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_3" title="John 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_4" title="John 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_5" title="John 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_6" title="John 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_7" title="John 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_8" title="John 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_9" title="John 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_10" title="John 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_11" title="John 11">11</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">12</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Glory" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Glory">Book of Glory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_13" title="John 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_14" title="John 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_15" title="John 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_16" title="John 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_17" title="John 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_18" title="John 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_19" title="John 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_20" title="John 20">20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_21" title="John 21">Epilogue: 21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospel_of_John_verses" title="Category:Gospel of John verses">Verses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_1:1" title="John 1:1">John 1:1</a>–<a href="/wiki/John_1:20" title="John 1:20">20</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_1:23" title="John 1:23">23</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_1:25" title="John 1:25">25</a>–<a href="/wiki/John_1:33" title="John 1:33">33</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_1:35" title="John 1:35">35</a>–<a href="/wiki/John_1:42" title="John 1:42">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_3:16" title="John 3:16">3:16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_et_veritas_et_vita" title="Via et veritas et vita">14:6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_18:38" title="John 18:38">18:38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:John_20" title="Category:John 20">20:1–31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events<br />(chronological)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_at_Cana" title="Wedding at Cana">Wedding at Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_of_Life_Discourse" title="Bread of Life Discourse">Bread of Life Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_multitude" title="Feeding the multitude">Feeding the 5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_man_blind_from_birth" title="Healing the man blind from birth">Healing a blind man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_paralytic_at_Bethesda" title="Healing the paralytic at Bethesda">Healing a paralytic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_royal_official%27s_son" title="Healing the royal official's son">Healing a sick son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_and_the_woman_taken_in_adultery" title="Jesus and the woman taken in adultery">Jesus and the woman taken in adultery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_walking_on_water" title="Jesus walking on water">Walking on water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising of Lazarus">Raising of Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_(foot_washing)" title="Maundy (foot washing)">Foot washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_of_Peter" title="Restoration of Peter">Restoration of Peter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In_the_beginning_(phrase)" title="In the beginning (phrase)">In the beginning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Logos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" title="Disciple whom Jesus loved">Disciple whom Jesus loved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubting_Thomas" title="Doubting Thomas">Doubting Thomas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecce_homo" title="Ecce homo">Ecce homo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Feast of Dedication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Commandment" title="New Commandment">"Love one another"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_wept" title="Jesus wept">Jesus wept</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noli_me_tangere" title="Noli me tangere">Noli me tangere</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quod_scripsi,_scripsi" title="Quod scripsi, scripsi">Quod scripsi, scripsi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That_they_all_may_be_one" title="That they all may be one">That they all may be one</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Via_et_veritas_et_vita" title="Via et veritas et vita">Via et veritas et vita</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_truth_will_set_you_free" title="The truth will set you free">The truth will set you free</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Herod Antipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malchus" title="Malchus">Malchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha" title="Martha">Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathanael_(follower_of_Jesus)" title="Nathanael (follower of Jesus)">Nathanael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicodemus" title="Nicodemus">Nicodemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Groups</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86non" class="mw-redirect" title="Ænon">Ænon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethabara" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethabara">Bethabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethsaida" title="Bethsaida">Bethsaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cana" title="Cana">Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob%27s_Well" title="Jacob's Well">Jacob's Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidron_Valley" title="Kidron Valley">Kidron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Porch" title="Solomon's Porch">Solomon's Porch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Sychar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/wiki/Ego_eimi" title="Ego eimi">I AM</a>" sayings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_am_(biblical_term)" title="I am (biblical term)">I am (biblical term)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_of_Life_Discourse" title="Bread of Life Discourse">Bread of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_of_the_World" title="Light of the World">Light of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_10" title="John 10">Gate for the Sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Shepherd" title="Good Shepherd">Good Shepherd</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_11" title="John 11">Resurrectio et Vita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Via_et_veritas_et_vita" title="Via et veritas et vita">Via et veritas et vita</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Vine" title="True Vine">True Vine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Authorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_community" title="Johannine community">Johannine community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John the Evangelist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_literature" title="Johannine literature">Johannine literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Johannine_literature" title="Holy Spirit in Johannine literature">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Gospel_of_John" title="Textual variants in the Gospel of John">Textual variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocryphon_of_John" title="Apocryphon of John">Apocryphon of John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Apocalypse_of_John" title="Second Apocalypse of John">Second Apocalypse of John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_According_to_John_(Pillar_New_Testament_Commentary)" title="The Gospel According to John (Pillar New Testament Commentary)">Pillar New Testament Commentary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/St_John_Passion" title="St John Passion">St John Passion</a></i> (J. S. Bach, 1724) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_John_Passion_structure" title="St John Passion structure">Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John_Passion_discography" title="St John Passion discography">Discography</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Passio_(P%C3%A4rt)" title="Passio (Pärt)">Passio</a></i> (Pärt, 1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Johannes-Passion_(Gubaidulina)" title="Johannes-Passion (Gubaidulina)">Johannes-Passion</a></i> (Gubaidulina, 2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_of_John_(2003_film)" title="The Gospel of John (2003 film)">The Gospel of John</a></i> (2003 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_of_John_(2014_film)" title="The Gospel of John (2014 film)">The Gospel of John</a></i> (2014 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_2" title="Papyrus 2">Papyrus 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Papyrus 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_6" title="Papyrus 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_22" title="Papyrus 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_28" title="Papyrus 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_36" title="Papyrus 36">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_39" title="Papyrus 39">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_44" title="Papyrus 44">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rylands_Library_Papyrus_P52" title="Rylands Library Papyrus P52">52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_55" title="Papyrus 55">55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_59" title="Papyrus 59">59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_60" title="Papyrus 60">60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_63" title="Papyrus 63">63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_66" title="Papyrus 66">66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_75" title="Papyrus 75">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_76" title="Papyrus 76">76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_80" title="Papyrus 80">80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_84" title="Papyrus 84">84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_90" title="Papyrus 90">90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_93" title="Papyrus 93">93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_95" title="Papyrus 95">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_106" title="Papyrus 106">106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_107" title="Papyrus 107">107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_108" title="Papyrus 108">108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_109" title="Papyrus 109">109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_119" title="Papyrus 119">119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_120" title="Papyrus 120">120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_121" title="Papyrus 121">121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_122" title="Papyrus 122">122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_128" title="Papyrus 128">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid_Glagolitic_fragments" title="Ohrid Glagolitic fragments">Ohrid Glagolitic fragments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Κατά Ιωάννην">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Ioannes" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Ioannes">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/John">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/John">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/John">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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