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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cases_of_child_abuse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cases_of_child_abuse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cases of child abuse</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cases_of_child_abuse-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cases of child abuse subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cases_of_child_abuse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marist_statement_about_abuse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marist_statement_about_abuse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Marist statement about abuse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marist_statement_about_abuse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australian_Royal_Commission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australian_Royal_Commission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Australian Royal Commission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australian_Royal_Commission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cases_of_abuse_in_New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cases_of_abuse_in_New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Cases of abuse in New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cases_of_abuse_in_New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cases_of_abuse_in_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cases_of_abuse_in_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Cases of abuse in Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cases_of_abuse_in_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cases_of_abuse_in_Chile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cases_of_abuse_in_Chile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Cases of abuse in Chile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cases_of_abuse_in_Chile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marist_saints_and_martyrs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marist_saints_and_martyrs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Marist saints and martyrs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marist_saints_and_martyrs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Marist_Brothers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Marist_Brothers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable Marist Brothers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Marist_Brothers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Consecrated religious congregation in the Catholic Church</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Marist Brothers of the Schools</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary%27s_monogram_(Marist_Brothers).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mary%27s_monogram_%28Marist_Brothers%29.svg/200px-Mary%27s_monogram_%28Marist_Brothers%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mary%27s_monogram_%28Marist_Brothers%29.svg/300px-Mary%27s_monogram_%28Marist_Brothers%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mary%27s_monogram_%28Marist_Brothers%29.svg/400px-Mary%27s_monogram_%28Marist_Brothers%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Named after</th><td class="infobox-data">Blessed Virgin Mary</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">2 January 1817<span class="noprint">; 207 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1817-01-02</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data">St. <a href="/wiki/Marcellin_Champagnat" title="Marcellin Champagnat">Marcellin Champagnat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded at</th><td class="infobox-data">Lyon, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Lay Religious Congregation of Pontifical Right (for Men)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">To educate young neglected people</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Piazzale Marcellino Champagnat 2, C.P. 10250, 00144 Roma, Italy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Global</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2019)</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,046 members <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Secretary General</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Carlos Alberto Huidobro, F.M.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Superior general</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Ernesto Barba Sánchez, F.M.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Latin:<br /><i>Ad Jesum per Mariam</i><br />English:<br />"To Jesus through Mary"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent organization</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.champagnat.org">www<wbr />.champagnat<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Little Brothers of Mary</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Marist Brothers of the Schools</b>, commonly known as simply the <b>Marist Brothers</b>, is an international community of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> religious institute of <a href="/wiki/Religious_brother" title="Religious brother">brothers</a>. In 1817, <a href="/wiki/Marcellin_Champagnat" title="Marcellin Champagnat">Marcellin Champagnat</a>, a Marist priest from <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, founded the Marist Brothers with the goal of educating young people, especially those most neglected. While most of the brothers minister in school settings, others work with young people in parishes, religious retreats, spiritual accompaniment, at-risk youth settings, young adult ministry, and overseas missions. Since the 2010s an extensive history of sexual abuse within Marist institutions has emerged in the public record.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marist_Brothers&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravery,_Portrait_of_Marcellin_Champagnat,_1840.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Ravery%2C_Portrait_of_Marcellin_Champagnat%2C_1840.jpg/220px-Ravery%2C_Portrait_of_Marcellin_Champagnat%2C_1840.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Ravery%2C_Portrait_of_Marcellin_Champagnat%2C_1840.jpg/330px-Ravery%2C_Portrait_of_Marcellin_Champagnat%2C_1840.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Ravery%2C_Portrait_of_Marcellin_Champagnat%2C_1840.jpg/440px-Ravery%2C_Portrait_of_Marcellin_Champagnat%2C_1840.jpg 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Saint <a href="/wiki/Marcellin_Champagnat" title="Marcellin Champagnat">Marcellin Champagnat</a>, founder of the Marist Brothers</figcaption></figure> <p>St. <a href="/wiki/Marcellin_Champagnat" title="Marcellin Champagnat">Marcellin Champagnat</a> decided to start an institute of consecrated <a href="/wiki/Brother_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brother (Catholic)">brothers</a> in the <a href="/wiki/BVM(RC)" class="mw-redirect" title="BVM(RC)">Marist tradition</a>, building schools for the underprivileged where they might learn to become "Good Christians and Good people". The decision was inspired by an event, when as a parish priest he was called to administer the <a href="/wiki/Last_rites" title="Last rites">last rites</a> to a dying boy named Jean Baptiste Montagne. Trying to lead the boy through his last moments in prayer, Marcellin was struck by the fact that the young man had no gauge of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> or <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayer</a>. From that moment, Champagnat decided to start training brothers to meet the faith needs of the young people of France. </p><p>On January 2, 1817, the 23-year-old Jean Marie Granjon and Jean Baptist Audras, fourteen and a half years of age, moved into the small house that Fr. Champagnat had rented for them in La Valla<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and which became the first Marist Brothers community. Their day consisted of prayer, work and study; their manual work was to make nails, an activity that helped to pay expenses. Marcellin taught them reading and writing, and he looked after their formation as religious educators. Other young men joined the undertaking, among them Gabriel Rivat who, as Brother François, would later become the Brothers' first Superior General. </p><p>As a Marist priest, Champagnat had a particular affinity for the <a href="/wiki/BVM(RC)" class="mw-redirect" title="BVM(RC)">Blessed Virgin Mary</a>, so upon conception of the idea of Marist Brothers, Champagnat chose to call his <a href="/wiki/Brother_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brother (Catholic)">brothers</a> <i>Petits Frères de Marie</i> (Little Brothers of Mary), emphasising the meekness and humbleness he wished them to pursue, and seeking their consecration to her as an exemplar of fidelity to Christ. In 1863, 23 years after Champagnat's death, the Marist Brothers institute received the <a href="/wiki/Approbation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Approbation (Catholic canon law)">approbation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, whereupon the order received the title of <i><b>F</b>ratres <b>M</b>aristae a <b>S</b>cholis</i> (Marist Brothers of the Schools), hence the <a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">post-nominal letters</a> of <b>FMS</b>. They received a particular mandate to follow the <a href="/wiki/Marist_Fathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Marist Fathers">Marist Fathers</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific">Pacific</a> and administer to the new colonies of the Pacific nations and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. This harkens back to a Marist <a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">legend</a> about Champagnat. </p><p>A favourite maxim of St. Marcellin was that he wanted <i>"to make Jesus known and loved"</i> throughout the world, and to demonstrate he would run a needle through an apple (representing the earth) as an example of how he wanted the message of "Ad Jesum per Mariam" or "To Jesus through Mary" to cross the globe. The end of the needle came out in what would be the equivalent of the Pacific in relation to France where he inserted the needle, and so thus the Marist Brothers have a presence throughout the Pacific, including in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_provinces">International provinces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marist_Brothers&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: International provinces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marist_Place,_Site_of_the_Marist_School_for_Boys,_1919-1939.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Marist_Place%2C_Site_of_the_Marist_School_for_Boys%2C_1919-1939.jpg/300px-Marist_Place%2C_Site_of_the_Marist_School_for_Boys%2C_1919-1939.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Marist_Place%2C_Site_of_the_Marist_School_for_Boys%2C_1919-1939.jpg/450px-Marist_Place%2C_Site_of_the_Marist_School_for_Boys%2C_1919-1939.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Marist_Place%2C_Site_of_the_Marist_School_for_Boys%2C_1919-1939.jpg/600px-Marist_Place%2C_Site_of_the_Marist_School_for_Boys%2C_1919-1939.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Marist Place, Site of the Marist School for Boys, 1919-1939</figcaption></figure> <p>The Marist Brothers are involved in educational work throughout the world and now conduct primary, secondary and higher education schools, academies, industrial schools, <a href="/wiki/Orphanage" title="Orphanage">orphanages</a> and retreat houses in 79 countries on five continents: <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>. </p><p>From their roots in <a href="/wiki/Lyons" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyons">Lyons</a>, the Brothers today have spread across the globe. Over their 200-year history, Marist Brothers have had ministries in over 100 different nations. There are approximately 2,500 brothers in 79 countries on 5 continents, working directly and sharing their mission and spirituality with more than 72,000 lay Marists, and together educating close to 654,000 children and young people.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The international Marist brotherhood is led by a Superior General, Br. Ernesto Sánchez, F.M.S.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with the Vicar General and a General Council, it is his job to guide the growth and administration of the various ministries of the Brothers across the globe, from the General House in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. The Marist Brothers are divided into two main administrative units, either "provinces" or "districts", depending on size. Provinces are led by a Provincial, whose job it is to oversee and make deliberations on behalf of the Superior General for the Province he leads. There are 26 provinces and 5 districts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Depending on the extent of ministries within a certain country, there may be multiple provinces within the one country. For example, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> has three provinces and two districts and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> has two, as does <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marist_Brothers&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marist_Brothers_World.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Marist_Brothers_World.png/300px-Marist_Brothers_World.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Marist_Brothers_World.png/450px-Marist_Brothers_World.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Marist_Brothers_World.png/600px-Marist_Brothers_World.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>A map of the world showing countries where the Marist Brothers operate in green.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Mission Ad Gentes Marist District of Asia (Thailand, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, and Philippines)</li> <li>Province of East Asia (<a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>). These schools are part of this province: <a href="/wiki/Maris_Stella_High_School" title="Maris Stella High School">Maris Stella High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/SMJK_Sam_Tet" title="SMJK Sam Tet">SMJK Sam Tet</a> in Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_High_School,_Petaling_Jaya" title="Catholic High School, Petaling Jaya">Catholic High School, Petaling Jaya</a> in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_High_School,_Melaka" title="Catholic High School, Melaka">Catholic High School, Melaka</a> in Melaka, Malaysia, Notre Dame of Cotabato, Notre Dame of Kidapawan College, <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_of_Marbel_University" title="Notre Dame of Marbel University">Notre Dame of Marbel University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_of_Dadiangas_University" title="Notre Dame of Dadiangas University">Notre Dame of Dadiangas University</a>, Marist School (Marikina) in <a href="/wiki/Marikina" title="Marikina">Marikina</a>, Philippines and <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Xavier%27s_College,_Tai_Kok_Tsui" title="St. Francis Xavier's College, Tai Kok Tsui">St. Francis Xavier's College</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Xavier%27s_School,_Tsuen_Wan" title="St. Francis Xavier's School, Tsuen Wan">St. Francis Xavier's School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> (alma mater of <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Lee" title="Bruce Lee">Bruce Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Hui" title="Sam Hui">Sam Hui</a>, and other celebrities)</li> <li>Province of South Asia (India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka). Notable school: <a href="/wiki/Maris_Stella_College" title="Maris Stella College">Maris Stella College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Negombo" title="Negombo">Negombo</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marist_Brothers&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Oceania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Marist Brothers' first international missionary mandate was to the Pacific, where they accompanied <a href="/wiki/Marist_Fathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Marist Fathers">Marist Fathers</a> in evangelizing and education ministries. Today, Marist brothers own and run many technical colleges in the Central and Western Pacific, educating young men in nations ravaged by war (such as the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>). </p><p>Marist Brothers arrived in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> in 1872, where they opened their first school at <a href="/wiki/The_Rocks,_New_South_Wales" title="The Rocks, New South Wales">The Rocks, New South Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are now over 300 Brothers working with young people in schools as teachers and administrators, in retreat houses and camps for young people and in other areas of ministry. Australian Marist Brothers also serve in welfare ministries working with young adults in outreach programs in <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Australian">indigenous Australian</a> communities and also in missions in nearby <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_Island" title="Bougainville Island">Bougainville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>. Marists from Australia also serve communities in <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. The two provinces of <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> (States of <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">WA</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>) and Sydney (<a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital Territory">ACT</a> and Cambodia) recombined in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-subtuum_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-subtuum-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of Marist Brothers in Australian is diminishing and very few continue to teach in the Marist schools, which are now led and staffed predominantly by lay teachers; however, such schools are described as being in the "Marist tradition" as they continue to follow the educational principles of the Marist Brothers.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oceania is divided into the following four administrative units: </p> <ul><li>Province of Australia (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timor_Leste" class="mw-redirect" title="Timor Leste">Timor Leste</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>)</li> <li>District of Pacific (<a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In the Oceania region, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister">Prime Ministers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Julius_Chan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Julius Chan">Papua New Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama">Fiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuilaepa_Aiono_Sailele_Malielegaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi">Samoa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feleti_Sevele" title="Feleti Sevele">Tonga</a> were all educated by schools run Marist Brothers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marist_Brothers&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Marist project originated in Europe, particularly in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Marcellin_Champagnat" title="Marcellin Champagnat">Marcellin Champagnat</a> called home. A number of schools, universities, youth ministries and social works are done by the Marists in this area. The administration of European Marists is overseen by the provinces of: </p> <ul><li>Province of Compostela (Spain, Honduras and Portugal)</li> <li>Province of West Central Europe (Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands and United Kingdom)</li> <li>Province of Iberia (Spain)</li> <li>Province de l'Hermitage (Algeria, Spain, France, Greece, Hungary and Switzerland)</li> <li>Mediterranean Province (Spain, Italy, Lebanon and Syria)</li></ul> <p>In Scotland, <a href="/wiki/Celtic_F.C." title="Celtic F.C.">Celtic Football Club</a> was formed at a meeting in St. Mary's church hall in Glasgow, by Marist <a href="/wiki/Brother_Walfrid" title="Brother Walfrid">Brother Walfrid</a> on November 6, 1887. The stated purpose, according to the official club records, was "to alleviate poverty in Glasgow's East End parishes". The charity established by Brother Walfrid was named 'The Poor Children's Dinner Table'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marist_Brothers&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The North American provinces are particularly based around secondary and tertiary education. A number of American celebrities have been educated in American Marist schools, including <a href="/wiki/P_Diddy" class="mw-redirect" title="P Diddy">Sean "P Diddy" Combs</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Hasselhoff" title="David Hasselhoff">David Hasselhoff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ray_Romano" title="Ray Romano">Ray Romano</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The North American provinces are: </p> <ul><li>Province of Canada</li> <li>Province of the United States</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_America">Latin America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marist_Brothers&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Latin America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, "Maristas" are also very active in the following countries: <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> and other countries as well. The largest number of brothers currently are natives from Spain and France. The Marist presence in these countries is divided into the following provinces: </p> <ul><li>Province of Brasil Centro-Norte</li> <li>Province of Brasil Centro-Sul</li> <li>Province of Brasil Sul-Amazônia</li> <li>Province of Central America (El Salvador, Guatemala, Puerto Rico, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Cuba)</li> <li>Province of Cruz del Sur (Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay)</li> <li>Province of Central Mexico</li> <li>Province of Western Mexico (Mexico and Haiti)</li> <li>Province of the Northern Andes (Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela)</li> <li>Province of Santa Maria of the Andes (<a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marist_Brothers&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marist brothers are active in a number of African countries, including <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>. Marist brothers have been martyred in Africa on many occasions for educating and protecting <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugee</a> people. The administrative groupings of Marists in Africa are: </p> <ul><li>Province of Southern Africa (<a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, Malawi, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, Zambia and Zimbabwe)</li> <li>Province of East Central Africa (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Republic of Congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>)</li> <li>District of West Africa (<a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte d'Ivoire">Côte d'Ivoire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>)</li> <li>Province of <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li>Province of <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cases_of_child_abuse">Cases of child abuse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marist_Brothers&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cases of child abuse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marist_statement_about_abuse">Marist statement about abuse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marist_Brothers&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Marist statement about abuse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2017, the Marist Brothers released a statement to survivors and victims of abuse. It was issued by the 22nd General Chapter and stated that "Abuse is the very antithesis of our Marist values, and undermines the very purpose of our Institute. Any abuse of children is a betrayal of the noble ideals of our founder, St Marcellin Champagnat".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Then the institution fought against adequate compensation measures for survivors of the abuse. <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Marist Brothers then offered less in compensation to Fijian survivors, than they had in New Zealand, leading to accusations of <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australian_Royal_Commission">Australian Royal Commission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marist_Brothers&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Australian Royal Commission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From June 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse" title="Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse">Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse</a>, initiated as a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Commission">royal commission of inquiry</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government">Australian Government</a> and supported by all of its <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">state</a> governments,<sup id="cite_ref-letterspatent_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letterspatent-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> began investigating the response of Marist Brothers to allegations of child sexual abuse in schools in the ACT, NSW and Queensland.<sup id="cite_ref-case13_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-case13-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of expert witnesses, former students, former teachers, former principals, former and current Marist officials and clergy, and one of the clergy at the centre of the allegations gave evidence or made statements before the commission.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, the Commission published a report which documents significant evidence of child abuse at the hand of members of the Marist order and evidence that the response of the order systematically exacerbated the problems relating to abuse.<sup id="cite_ref-childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-subtuum_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-subtuum-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 470–82">: 470–82 </span></sup> Included in the report was a finding that "many alleged perpetrators remained in the same positions with access to children for years and sometimes decades after initial and successive allegations of child sexual abuse were raised".<sup id="cite_ref-childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many cases the Commission heard of "the minimisation of allegations of child sexual abuse".<sup id="cite_ref-childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the key systematic issues that came to light was that it was typical for Brothers to move through many communities and ministries in their lifetime. In the 1960s and 1970s there were typically up to 100 transfers each year.<sup id="cite_ref-childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2017, compensation payments made totaled approximately $AUD2.7 million.<sup id="cite_ref-childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2015, a former Marist Brother was arrested over a number of sex offences allegedly committed at <a href="/wiki/St_Joseph%27s_College,_Hunters_Hill" title="St Joseph's College, Hunters Hill">St Joseph's College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hunters_Hill,_New_South_Wales" title="Hunters Hill, New South Wales">Hunters Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Gregory%27s_College,_Campbelltown" title="St Gregory's College, Campbelltown">St Gregory's College</a> in Campbelltown in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2016, during a Royal Commission hearing, the Brother Provincial of the Marist Brothers in Australia, Brother Peter Carroll, formally apologised to the family of Andrew Nash, whose suicide in 1974 at the age of 13 almost certainly resulted from sexual abuse by three of the order's predatory brothers – Dominic, Patrick and Romuald – and acknowledged that they had many more victims than the dozens who had come forward so far.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other cases, documented in the report, included those related to Brother Chute who, in 2008, was convicted of 19 child sex offences against six of his former students during the period 1985 to 1989. 48 claims had been made of abuse that occurred from 1959 to 1990 at 6 different schools, while 40 students at Marist College Canberra laid complaints during the period 1976 to 1990. The Marist Brothers did not report any allegations of child sexual abuse to the police in the period 1962 to 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Separately, in August 1996, Brother Gregory Sutton pleaded guilty to a total of 67 child sex offences in relation to 15 students at schools in New South Wales. He had taught at 6 Marist schools between 1970 and 1986 and there were complaints about the abuse of 27 children made against him during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2018, Australian Marist Brother Gerard McNamara, 80, was sentenced to nine months in prison for molesting five boys at St Paul's Catholic College, where he served as principal between 1970 and 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-maristbrotherconviction_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maristbrotherconviction-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had molested one of these boy 30 times.<sup id="cite_ref-maristbrotherconviction_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maristbrotherconviction-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2020, McNamara began serving a second stint in prison after pleading guilty to indecent assault of more than 15 male students between 1970 and 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-mcnaamaraagain_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcnaamaraagain-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This time, he received a sentence of 35 months in prison, with 28 months suspended.<sup id="cite_ref-mcnaamaraagain_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcnaamaraagain-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since his first sex abuse conviction in June 2006, which resulted in a suspended prison sentence, McNamara received three additional convictions and sentences on sex abuse charges, but was able to once again receive a suspended prison sentence following another conviction in December 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-mcnaamaraagain_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcnaamaraagain-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cases_of_abuse_in_New_Zealand">Cases of abuse in New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marist_Brothers&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cases of abuse in New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marist Brother Claudius Pettit, real name Malcolm Thomas Petit, was convicted of child-sex abuse of a boy at a Wellington school in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, John Louis Stevenson (known as Brother Bernard) and Brother Andrew Cody of the <a href="/wiki/Hato_Paora_College" title="Hato Paora College">Hato Paora Māori Boys school</a> in <a href="/wiki/Feilding" title="Feilding">Feilding</a> were convicted of sexual offenses and jailed.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Br. Aiden Benefield (Napier) was convicted of possessing child pornography in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequently, in 2020, Kevin Healy (Brother Gordon) was convicted of four charges of indecency (from 1976 to 1977) between a man and boys aged 12 and 13, and one of indecency with a girl aged under 12.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another was Ray Gannaway, known as Brother Ivan, who taught in Wellington and Auckland.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cases_of_abuse_in_Europe">Cases of abuse in Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marist_Brothers&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cases of abuse in Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of March 2016, 29 complaints had been made against six former teachers from three Marist schools in Barcelona in Spain, with three of these teachers confessing to sexual abuse.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By February 2019, the number of complaints against Barcelona Marist school teachers had increased to 43, with 12 teachers named as suspected abusers.<sup id="cite_ref-maristbarcelona_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maristbarcelona-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two Barcelona Marist Brothers were criminally charged, with one being convicted.<sup id="cite_ref-maristbarcelona_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maristbarcelona-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trial for the second defendant commenced in March 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who declared in court that the institution knew about the abuses but took no action so he "felt protected by the Marists".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was sentenced to 21 years and 9 months in prison for sexually abusing four children,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the Marist Brothers paying 120,000 euros to each of his proven victims.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similar cases were reported in Ireland, with a Marist Brother being the first member of a religious order convicted of child sexual abuse in Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several Marist Brothers were convicted of abuse at a number of schools and a judgement by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Ireland" title="Supreme Court of Ireland">Supreme Court of Ireland</a> found the order "vicariously liable" for abuses.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Scotland, the Marist Brothers issued an apology in 2021 for the "systemic abuse of children" at several schools.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cases_of_abuse_in_Chile">Cases of abuse in Chile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marist_Brothers&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cases of abuse in Chile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abuse cases in Marist facilities in Chile included several involving diocesan priests <a href="/wiki/Cristi%C3%A1n_Precht_Ba%C3%B1ados" title="Cristián Precht Bañados">Cristián Precht Bañados</a> and Miguel Ortega of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Santiago_de_Chile" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santiago de Chile">Archdiocese of Santiago</a>. Chilean police investigated the claims.<sup id="cite_ref-Uria-2018_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uria-2018-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Precht was suspended from ministry between 2012 and 2017 after being convicted by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. In 2012, Ortega was found guilty of sexually molesting boys and sentenced to 32 years in prison; he died in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-SanMartin-2018_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SanMartin-2018-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 September 2018, Precht was charged and <a href="/wiki/Loss_of_clerical_state_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of clerical state (Catholic Church)">laicized</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SanMartin-2018_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SanMartin-2018-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Precht had been incardinated in the Archdiocese of Santiago, and gained national recognition in the 1980s when he served as head of the Church's Vicariate of Solidarity human rights group that challenged ex-dictator Augusto Pinochet to end the practice of torture in Chile.<sup id="cite_ref-Sherwood-2018_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherwood-2018-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, the Chilean Marist Brothers revealed that at least 14 minors were abused by Marist Brother Abel Perez from the 1970s until 2000 at several schools in Chile.<sup id="cite_ref-abelperez_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abelperez-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perez confessed to his superiors in 2010, and was transferred to Peru.<sup id="cite_ref-abelperez_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abelperez-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marist_saints_and_martyrs">Marist saints and martyrs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marist_Brothers&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Marist saints and martyrs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 31, 1996, four brothers were killed by refugees and martyred in a mission in Nyamirangwe (Bugobe), <a href="/wiki/Zaire" title="Zaire">Zaire</a>. These brothers were all Spanish: <a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_la_Fuente_de_la_Fuente" title="Fernando de la Fuente de la Fuente">Br. Fernando de la Fuente de la Fuente</a>, Br. Miguel Ángel Isla Lucio, Br. Servando Mayor García, and Br. Julio Rodríguez Jorge.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 28, 2007, the Vatican <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">beatified</a> 498 saints who died as martyrs in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>. Among the 498 were 47 Marist brothers<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the dioceses of <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Burgos" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Burgos">Burgos</a>, Cartagena, <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Girona" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Girona">Girona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Lleida" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Lleida">Lleida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palencia" title="Palencia">Palencia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a> and Tudela, <a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a>, Solsona, Terrassa, <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Teruel_and_Albarrac%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Teruel and Albarracín">Teruel and Albarracin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Urgell" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Urgell">Urgell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Vic" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Vic">Vic</a>. The Beatification Mass was presided over by Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Jose_Saraiva_Martins" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Saraiva Martins">Jose Saraiva Martins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 8, 2018, Br. Henri Vergès (1930-1994), from <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, was among the nineteen beatified in <a href="/wiki/Oran" title="Oran">Oran, Algeria</a>, who were <a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyrs of Algeria">martyred in Algeria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Marist_Brothers">Notable Marist Brothers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marist_Brothers&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notable Marist Brothers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brother Anthony Boyd, former deputy headmaster of <a href="/wiki/St_Joseph%27s_College,_Hunters_Hill" title="St Joseph's College, Hunters Hill">St Joseph's College, Hunters Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Ignatius_O%27Connor" class="mw-redirect" title="Brother Ignatius O'Connor">Brother Ignatius O'Connor</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Marist_College_Ashgrove" title="Marist College Ashgrove">Marist College Ashgrove</a>, Queensland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Walfrid" title="Brother Walfrid">Brother Walfrid</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Football_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic Football Club">Celtic Football Club</a>, Glasgow</li> <li>Brother <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Sammon" title="Seán Sammon">Seán Sammon</a>, former Superior General of the Marist Brothers</li> <li>Brother <a href="/wiki/Charles_Howard_(Marist_Brother)" title="Charles Howard (Marist Brother)">Charles Howard</a>, former Superior General, and in 1997 he was declared a Member of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Australia" title="Order of Australia">Order of Australia</a> (AM) in recognition of his service to the Catholic Church and the community, particularly in the fields of education, social justice and reform. In 2000 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Catholic_University" title="Australian Catholic University">Australian Catholic University</a></li> <li>Brother <a href="/wiki/Joche_Albert_Ly" title="Joche Albert Ly">Joche Albert Ly</a>, a Chinese Marist Brother Martyr, killed for his opposition to <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li>Brother <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Desbiens" title="Jean-Paul Desbiens">Jean-Paul Desbiens</a>, Canadian writer, journalist, and teacher</li> <li>Brother <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Smyth_(Marist_Brother)" title="Stephen Smyth (Marist Brother)">Stephen Smyth</a>, General Secretary (2007-2014) of <a href="/wiki/Action_of_Churches_Together_in_Scotland" title="Action of Churches Together in Scotland">Action of Churches Together in Scotland</a> (ACTS)</li> <li>Brother <a href="/wiki/Octavius_William_Borrell" title="Octavius William Borrell">Octavius William Borrell</a>, missionary school teacher, and botanist who studied the flora of Shanghai, China, and Kairiru Island in Wewak, East Sepik, Papua New Guinea. In 1998 the University of Melbourne conferred a Master of Science for his botanical work.</li> <li>Brother Claudius - principal and exploiter of children at St Bernard's Intermediate, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Hutt" title="Lower Hutt">Lower Hutt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Brother Julius, Petelo Ekeroma taught at St Bernard's Intermediate, Lower Hutt in the 1970s. Abused students.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marist_Brothers&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marist_Brothers_schools" title="List of Marist Brothers schools">List of Marist Brothers schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Bend_Catholic_College" title="Red Bend Catholic College">Red Bend Catholic College</a> Forbes New South Wales</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marist_College_Eastwood" title="Marist College Eastwood">Marist College Eastwood</a> Eastwood New South Wales</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marist_Brothers&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Annuario Pontificio 2019</i> (Citta del Vaticano: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2019), 1418.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abuseincare.org.nz/reports/whanaketia">"Whanaketia – Through pain and trauma, from darkness to light | Abuse in Care - Royal Commission of Inquiry"</a>. <i>www.abuseincare.org.nz</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.abuseincare.org.nz&rft.atitle=Whanaketia+%E2%80%93+Through+pain+and+trauma%2C+from+darkness+to+light+%26%23124%3B+Abuse+in+Care+-+Royal+Commission+of+Inquiry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abuseincare.org.nz%2Freports%2Fwhanaketia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2021/03/abuse-in-care-inquiry-woman-sexually-abused-by-marist-brothers-as-a-5yo-calls-apology-a-pr-strategy.html">"Woman sexually abused by Marist Brothers as a 5yo calls apology 'a PR strategy'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Newshub</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newshub&rft.atitle=Woman+sexually+abused+by+Marist+Brothers+as+a+5yo+calls+apology+%27a+PR+strategy%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newshub.co.nz%2Fhome%2Fnew-zealand%2F2021%2F03%2Fabuse-in-care-inquiry-woman-sexually-abused-by-marist-brothers-as-a-5yo-calls-apology-a-pr-strategy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/abuse-in-care-man-seeks-apology-for-historical-abuse-at-whanganui-school/ZPXPC2B3LNG4PXHKQL2ONPM66M/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The community didn't deserve this': Ex-student reveals abuse"</a>. 9 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27The+community+didn%27t+deserve+this%27%3A+Ex-student+reveals+abuse&rft.date=2020-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fabuse-in-care-man-seeks-apology-for-historical-abuse-at-whanganui-school%2FZPXPC2B3LNG4PXHKQL2ONPM66M%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.champagnat.org/510.php?a=1a&id=2711">"Life of Blessed Marcellin Joseph Benedict Champagnat (1789 – 1840)"</a>. <i>Marist Brothers</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011528/http://www.champagnat.org/510.php?a=1a&id=2711">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-02-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"The foundation of the Marist Brothers in Sydney". <i>Journal of the Australian Catholic Historical Society</i>. <b>4</b> (1): 17–39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Australian+Catholic+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=The+foundation+of+the+Marist+Brothers+in+Sydney&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=17-39&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuttrell2022" class="citation journal cs1">Luttrell, John (2022). "Marist Brothers in Australia 1872–2022". <i>Journal of the Australian Catholic Historical Society</i>. <b>43</b>: 102–114.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Australian+Catholic+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Marist+Brothers+in+Australia+1872%E2%80%932022&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=102-114&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Luttrell&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-subtuum-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-subtuum_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-subtuum_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaseyLuttrellRodneySolomon2022" class="citation book cs1">Casey, Julian; Luttrell, John; Rodney, Peter; Solomon, Neville (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehermitage.org.au/product/sub-tuum-praesidium/"><i>Sub Tuum Praesidium: Marist Brothers in Australia 1872-2022</i></a>. Mascot NSW: Marist Brothers Australia. p. 426. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780646853253" title="Special:BookSources/9780646853253"><bdi>9780646853253</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sub+Tuum+Praesidium%3A+Marist+Brothers+in+Australia+1872-2022&rft.place=Mascot+NSW&rft.pages=426&rft.pub=Marist+Brothers+Australia&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9780646853253&rft.aulast=Casey&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft.au=Luttrell%2C+John&rft.au=Rodney%2C+Peter&rft.au=Solomon%2C+Neville&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehermitage.org.au%2Fproduct%2Fsub-tuum-praesidium%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicreligious.org.au/news/marist-brothers-mark-sesquicentenary-with-launch-of-new-history">"Marist Brothers mark sesquicentenary with launch of new history"</a>. <i>Catholic Religious Australia</i>. 2022-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Religious+Australia&rft.atitle=Marist+Brothers+mark+sesquicentenary+with+launch+of+new+history&rft.date=2022-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicreligious.org.au%2Fnews%2Fmarist-brothers-mark-sesquicentenary-with-launch-of-new-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mtmaria.qld.edu.au/About%20Us/History%20Tradition/Pages/Marist-Tradition.aspx">"Marist Tradition"</a>. <i>Mount Maria College</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mount+Maria+College&rft.atitle=Marist+Tradition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtmaria.qld.edu.au%2FAbout%2520Us%2FHistory%2520Tradition%2FPages%2FMarist-Tradition.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maristbrothers.org.nz/">"Home Page"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527044733/http://maristbrothers.org.nz/">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-05-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maristbrothers.org.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://champagnat.org/en/abuse-is-the-very-antithesis-of-our-marist-values/">"Abuse Is The Very Antithesis Of Our Marist Values"</a>. <i>champagnat.org</i>. Marists of Champagnat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=champagnat.org&rft.atitle=Abuse+Is+The+Very+Antithesis+Of+Our+Marist+Values&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchampagnat.org%2Fen%2Fabuse-is-the-very-antithesis-of-our-marist-values%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/129097493/how-marists-avoided-large-victim-payouts-despite-huge-wealth">"Stuff"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stuff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F129097493%2Fhow-marists-avoided-large-victim-payouts-despite-huge-wealth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/crime/131124484/plain-racism-why-did-marist-brothers-pay-out-less-to-fijian-victims-than-kiwis">"Stuff"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stuff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2Fcrime%2F131124484%2Fplain-racism-why-did-marist-brothers-pay-out-less-to-fijian-victims-than-kiwis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-letterspatent-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-letterspatent_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/our-work/terms-of-reference/">"Letters Patent"</a>. <i>Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130822011715/http://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/our-work/terms-of-reference/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Commission+into+Institutional+Responses+to+Child+Sexual+Abuse&rft.atitle=Letters+Patent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au%2Four-work%2Fterms-of-reference%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-case13-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-case13_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/case-study/4194ab1e-26a0-4d5c-83c6-30acc93c3977/case-study-13,-june-2014,-canberra-">"Case Study 13, June 2014, Canberra"</a>. Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150521033326/http://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/case-study/4194ab1e-26a0-4d5c-83c6-30acc93c3977/case-study-13,-june-2014,-canberra-">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Case+Study+13%2C+June+2014%2C+Canberra&rft.pub=Royal+Commission+into+Institutional+Responses+to+Child+Sexual+Abuse&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au%2Fcase-study%2F4194ab1e-26a0-4d5c-83c6-30acc93c3977%2Fcase-study-13%2C-june-2014%2C-canberra-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/downloadfile.ashx?guid=4194ab1e-26a0-4d5c-83c6-30acc93c3977&type=witnesslistpdf&filename=case-study-13,-june-2014,-canberra-witness-list&fileextension=pdf">"Witness List and Order"</a>. <i>Public hearing into the response by the Marist Brothers to allegations of child sexual abuse</i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse" title="Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse">Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse</a>. 30 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150413233350/http://childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/downloadfile.ashx?guid=4194ab1e-26a0-4d5c-83c6-30acc93c3977&type=witnesslistpdf&filename=case-study-13,-june-2014,-canberra-witness-list&fileextension=pdf">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+hearing+into+the+response+by+the+Marist+Brothers+to+allegations+of+child+sexual+abuse&rft.atitle=Witness+List+and+Order&rft.date=2014-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au%2Fdownloadfile.ashx%3Fguid%3D4194ab1e-26a0-4d5c-83c6-30acc93c3977%26type%3Dwitnesslistpdf%26filename%3Dcase-study-13%2C-june-2014%2C-canberra-witness-list%26fileextension%3Dpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert,_Ewan2014" class="citation news cs1">Gilbert, Ewan (10 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-10/royal-commission-hearing-canberra/5510368">"Royal commission into child sexual abuse: Canberra hearings to examine Marist Brothers response"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a></i>. Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150523215536/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-10/royal-commission-hearing-canberra/5510368">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Royal+commission+into+child+sexual+abuse%3A+Canberra+hearings+to+examine+Marist+Brothers+response&rft.date=2014-06-10&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+Ewan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2014-06-10%2Froyal-commission-hearing-canberra%2F5510368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllery,_David2014" class="citation news cs1">Ellery, David (10 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/marist-brothers-schools-director-should-be-sacked-say-sex-abuse-victim-and-lawyer-20140810-1023iu.html">"Marist Brothers' schools director should be sacked, say sex abuse victim and lawyer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canberra_Times" title="The Canberra Times">The Canberra Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140811085554/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/marist-brothers-schools-director-should-be-sacked-say-sex-abuse-victim-and-lawyer-20140810-1023iu.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canberra+Times&rft.atitle=Marist+Brothers%27+schools+director+should+be+sacked%2C+say+sex+abuse+victim+and+lawyer&rft.date=2014-08-10&rft.au=Ellery%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canberratimes.com.au%2Fact-news%2Fmarist-brothers-schools-director-should-be-sacked-say-sex-abuse-victim-and-lawyer-20140810-1023iu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarszalek,_Jessica2014" class="citation news cs1">Marszalek, Jessica (11 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cairnspost.com.au/news/cairns/northern-links-in-royal-commission-into-child-sexual-abuse-at-marist-brothers-school/story-fnjpusyw-1226950166828">"Northern links in royal commission into child sexual abuse at Marist Brothers school"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cairns_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Cairns Post">Cairns Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150519223434/http://www.cairnspost.com.au/news/cairns/northern-links-in-royal-commission-into-child-sexual-abuse-at-marist-brothers-school/story-fnjpusyw-1226950166828">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cairns+Post&rft.atitle=Northern+links+in+royal+commission+into+child+sexual+abuse+at+Marist+Brothers+school&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft.au=Marszalek%2C+Jessica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairnspost.com.au%2Fnews%2Fcairns%2Fnorthern-links-in-royal-commission-into-child-sexual-abuse-at-marist-brothers-school%2Fstory-fnjpusyw-1226950166828&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBox,_Dan2014" class="citation news cs1">Box, Dan (30 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/complaints-about-marist-brother-kostka-chute-allege-31-years-of-abuse/story-e6frg6nf-1226972261491">"Complaints about Marist brother Kostka Chute allege 31 years of abuse"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Australian" title="The Australian">The Australian</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Associated_Press" title="Australian Associated Press">Australian Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140630085135/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/complaints-about-marist-brother-kostka-chute-allege-31-years-of-abuse/story-e6frg6nf-1226972261491">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Complaints+about+Marist+brother+Kostka+Chute+allege+31+years+of+abuse&rft.date=2014-06-30&rft.au=Box%2C+Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Fcomplaints-about-marist-brother-kostka-chute-allege-31-years-of-abuse%2Fstory-e6frg6nf-1226972261491&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/sites/default/files/final_report_-_volume_16_religious_institutions_book_3_0.pdf">"FINAL REPORT Volume 16 Religious institutions Book 3"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Commission+into+Institutional+Responses+to+Child+Sexual+Abuse&rft.atitle=FINAL+REPORT+Volume+16+Religious+institutions+Book+3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffinal_report_-_volume_16_religious_institutions_book_3_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowne,_Rachel2015" class="citation news cs1">Browne, Rachel (21 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/former-catholic-brother-charged-with-child-sex-offences-at-st-josephs-and-st-gregorys-colleges-20150321-1m4h0s.html">"Former Catholic brother charged with child sex offences at St Joseph's and St Gregory's colleges"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150524121931/http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/former-catholic-brother-charged-with-child-sex-offences-at-st-josephs-and-st-gregorys-colleges-20150321-1m4h0s.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Former+Catholic+brother+charged+with+child+sex+offences+at+St+Joseph%27s+and+St+Gregory%27s+colleges&rft.date=2015-03-21&rft.au=Browne%2C+Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnsw%2Fformer-catholic-brother-charged-with-child-sex-offences-at-st-josephs-and-st-gregorys-colleges-20150321-1m4h0s.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirkwood2016" class="citation news cs1">Kirkwood, Ian (2016-09-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newcastleherald.com.au/story/4152828/marist-head-apologises-as-catholic-royal-commission-hearing-closes/?cs=305">"Marist head apologises as Catholic hearing closes"</a>. <i>Newcastle Herald</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160909174236/http://www.theherald.com.au/story/4152828/marist-head-apologises-as-catholic-royal-commission-hearing-closes/?cs=305">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-09-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newcastle+Herald&rft.atitle=Marist+head+apologises+as+Catholic+hearing+closes&rft.date=2016-09-08&rft.aulast=Kirkwood&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newcastleherald.com.au%2Fstory%2F4152828%2Fmarist-head-apologises-as-catholic-royal-commission-hearing-closes%2F%3Fcs%3D305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/sites/default/files/file-list/Case%20Study%2013%20-%20Findings%20Report%20-%20Marist%20Brothers.pdf">"FINAL REPORT - REPORT OF CASE STUDY NO. 13 The response of the Marist Brothers to allegations of child sexual abuse against Brothers Kostka Chute and Gregory Sutton"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Commission+into+Institutional+Responses+to+Child+Sexual+Abuse&rft.atitle=FINAL+REPORT+-+REPORT+OF+CASE+STUDY+NO.+13+The+response+of+the+Marist+Brothers+to+allegations+of+child+sexual+abuse+against+Brothers+Kostka+Chute+and+Gregory+Sutton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffile-list%2FCase%2520Study%252013%2520-%2520Findings%2520Report%2520-%2520Marist%2520Brothers.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maristbrotherconviction-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-maristbrotherconviction_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maristbrotherconviction_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/sep/03/marist-brother-who-sexually-assaulted-five-boys-sentenced-to-nine-months-jail">"Marist brother who sexually assaulted five boys sentenced to nine months' jail"</a>. Australian Associated Press. 3 September 2018 – via www.theguardian.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marist+brother+who+sexually+assaulted+five+boys+sentenced+to+nine+months%27+jail&rft.date=2018-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2018%2Fsep%2F03%2Fmarist-brother-who-sexually-assaulted-five-boys-sentenced-to-nine-months-jail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcnaamaraagain-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mcnaamaraagain_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcnaamaraagain_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcnaamaraagain_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-15/catholic-brother-nicknamed-the-rat-sentenced-to-jail-for-sex/12252922">"Marist brother 'The Rat' jailed for sex abuse of four schoolboys"</a>. <i>www.abc.net.au</i>. 2020-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.abc.net.au&rft.atitle=Marist+brother+%27The+Rat%27+jailed+for+sex+abuse+of+four+schoolboys&rft.date=2020-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2020-05-15%2Fcatholic-brother-nicknamed-the-rat-sentenced-to-jail-for-sex%2F12252922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/110071126/childsex-abuser-memorialised-in-marist-rugby-trophy">"Child sex abuser memorialised in Marist rugby club's trophy"</a>. <i>Stuff</i>. 2019-01-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Child+sex+abuser+memorialised+in+Marist+rugby+club%27s+trophy&rft.date=2019-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fsport%2Frugby%2F110071126%2Fchildsex-abuser-memorialised-in-marist-rugby-trophy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10361156">"Jailed churchman was sexually abused as child"</a>. <i>nzherald.co.nz</i>. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=nzherald.co.nz&rft.atitle=Jailed+churchman+was+sexually+abused+as+child&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D10361156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/feilding/news/article.cfm?l_id=200&objectid=10342691">"Catholic brother sent to jail for abusing boys"</a>. <i>The New Zealand Herald</i>. August 27, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Catholic+brother+sent+to+jail+for+abusing+boys&rft.date=2005-08-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Ffeilding%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fl_id%3D200%26objectid%3D10342691&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/insight/he-was-monster-survivor-shines-light-dark-past">Chris Morris, "'He was a monster': Survivor shines light on dark past", <i>ODT</i>, 12 December 2018</a> (Retrieved 3 May 2020)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/crime/121586454/former-catholic-marist-brother-sentenced-on-child-sex-charges">https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/crime/121586454/former-catholic-marist-brother-sentenced-on-child-sex-charges</a> Former Catholic Marist brother sentenced on child sex charges</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilgallon2022" class="citation web cs1">Kilgallon, Steve (2022-09-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/crime/129737846/teacher-ray-gannaway-who-inspired-thdudes-split-enz-accused-of-child-sex-abuse">"Teacher Ray Gannaway who inspired Th'Dudes, Split Enz accused of child sex abuse"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=champagnat.org&rft.atitle=Beatification+of+47+Marist+Brothers+martyred+in+Spain+%E2%80%93+Champagnat&rft.date=2007-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchampagnat.org%2Fen%2Fpublicacoes%2Fbeatification-of-47-marist-brothers-martyred-in-spain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/12/08/world/middleeast/ap-ml-algeria-monks-beatified.html">"Catholic Monks Killed in Algeria's Civil War Are Beatified"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. December 8, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Catholic+Monks+Killed+in+Algeria%27s+Civil+War+Are+Beatified&rft.date=2018-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Faponline%2F2018%2F12%2F08%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fap-ml-algeria-monks-beatified.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWooden2018" class="citation news cs1">Wooden, Cindy (September 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cnstopstories.com/2018/09/14/algerian-martyrs-to-be-beatified-in-algeria-dec-8/">"Algerian martyrs to be beatified in Algeria Dec. 8"</a>. <i>Catholic News Service</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914172408/https://cnstopstories.com/2018/09/14/algerian-martyrs-to-be-beatified-in-algeria-dec-8/">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catholic+News+Service&rft.atitle=Algerian+martyrs+to+be+beatified+in+Algeria+Dec.+8&rft.date=2018-09-14&rft.aulast=Wooden&rft.aufirst=Cindy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcnstopstories.com%2F2018%2F09%2F14%2Falgerian-martyrs-to-be-beatified-in-algeria-dec-8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelorme2024" class="citation web cs1">Delorme, Alain (January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://champagnat.org/en/like-a-palm-tree-blessed-brother-henri-verges/">"Like a palm tree. Blessed Brother Henri Verges"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Like+a+palm+tree.+Blessed+Brother+Henri+Verges&rft.date=2024-01&rft.aulast=Delorme&rft.aufirst=Alain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchampagnat.org%2Fen%2Flike-a-palm-tree-blessed-brother-henri-verges%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunt2019" class="citation web cs1">Hunt, Tom (2019-01-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/110071126/childsex-abuser-memorialised-in-marist-rugby-trophy">"Child sex abuser memorialised in Marist rugby club's trophy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Child+sex+abuser+memorialised+in+Marist+rugby+club%27s+trophy&rft.date=2019-01-22&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fsport%2Frugby%2F110071126%2Fchildsex-abuser-memorialised-in-marist-rugby-trophy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marist_Brothers&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marist_Brothers" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Marist Brothers">Marist Brothers</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Little Brothers of Mary"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Little_Brothers_of_Mary">"Little Brothers of Mary" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Little+Brothers+of+Mary&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarist+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.champagnat.org/index.php">Official Website of the Marist Brothers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maristc.act.edu.au">Marist College Canberra</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maristbr.com/">Marist Brothers United States Province</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marista.org.br">Colégio Marista, Brazil</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maristas.org.br">Rede Marista, Brazil</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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institute">Catholic religious institutes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Male<br />and<br />female</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexians" title="Alexians">Alexians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumptionists" title="Assumptionists">Assumptionists</a> (AA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Augustinian_Recollects" title="Order of Augustinian Recollects">Augustinian Recollects</a> (OAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilian_Aleppian_Order" title="Basilian Aleppian Order">Basilian Aleppians</a> (BA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilian_Chouerite_Order_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist" title="Basilian Chouerite Order of Saint John the Baptist">Basilian Chouerites</a> (BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictines</a> (OSB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgettines" title="Bridgettines">Bridgettines</a> (OSsS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canossians" title="Canossians">Canossians</a> (FDCC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a> (OCarm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusians" title="Carthusians">Carthusians</a> (OCart)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercians</a> (OCist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Our_Lady_of_Sion" title="Congregation of Our Lady of Sion">Congregation of Our Lady of Sion</a> (NDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Sacred_Hearts_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary">Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary</a> (SSCC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discalced_Carmelites" title="Discalced Carmelites">Discalced Carmelites</a> (OCD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a> (OP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a> (OFM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_the_Incarnate_Word" title="Institute of the Incarnate Word">Institute of the Incarnate Word</a> (IVE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_of_Mercy" title="Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy">Mercedarians</a> (O de M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_Charity" title="Missionaries of Charity">Missionaries of Charity</a> (MC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_St._Charles_Borromeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo">Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo</a> (CS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastic_Family_of_Bethlehem,_of_the_Assumption_of_the_Virgin_and_of_Saint_Bruno" title="Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno">Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premonstratensians" title="Premonstratensians">Premonstratensians</a> (OPraem)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants_of_Charity" title="Servants of Charity">Servants of Charity</a> (SC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servite_Order" title="Servite Order">Servite Order</a> (OSM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Atonement" title="Society of the Atonement">Society of the Atonement</a> (SA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_Regular_of_Saint_Francis_of_Penance" title="Third Order Regular of Saint Francis of Penance">TOR Franciscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trappists" title="Trappists">Trappists</a> (OCSO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarians" title="Trinitarians">Trinitarian Order</a> (OSST)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Vatican City"><img alt="Coat of arms of Vatican City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/75px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of Vatican City</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Male</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clerics_Regular_Minor" title="Clerics Regular Minor">Adorno Fathers</a> (CRM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertine_Brothers" title="Albertine Brothers">Albertine Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinians</a> (OSA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabites" title="Barnabites">Barnabites</a> (B)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_St._Basil" title="Congregation of St. Basil">Basilians</a> (CSB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Mercy_of_Our_Lady_of_Perpetual_Help" title="Brothers of Mercy of Our Lady of Perpetual Help">Brothers of Our Lady of Mercy</a> (FDM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillians" title="Camillians">Camillians</a> (MI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John_Cantius_Church_(Chicago)" title="St. John Cantius Church (Chicago)">Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin" title="Order of Friars Minor Capuchin">Capuchins</a> (OFM Cap)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Christian_Brothers" title="Congregation of Christian Brothers">Christian Brothers (Irish)</a> (CFC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregatio_Discipulorum_Domini" title="Congregatio Discipulorum Domini">Congregatio Discipulorum Domini</a> (CDD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CICM_Missionaries" title="CICM Missionaries">Immaculate Heart of Mary</a> (CICM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament">Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament</a> (SSS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claretians" title="Claretians">Claretians</a> (CMF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Saint_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Congregation of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux">Congregation of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux</a> (CST)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Conventual" title="Order of Friars Minor Conventual">Conventual Franciscans</a> (OFM Conv)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross">Crosiers</a> (OSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_Brothers" title="De La Salle Brothers">De La Salle Brothers</a> (FSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discalced_Augustinians" title="Discalced Augustinians">Discalced Augustinians</a> (OAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Friars_of_the_Renewal" title="Franciscan Friars of the Renewal">Franciscan Friars of the Renewal</a> (CFR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Missionaries_of_the_Eternal_Word" title="Franciscan Missionaries of the Eternal Word">Franciscan Missionaries of the Eternal Word</a> (MFVA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfort_Brothers_of_St._Gabriel" title="Montfort Brothers of St. Gabriel">Gabrielites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Holy_Cross" title="Congregation of Holy Cross">Holy Cross</a> (CSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Holy_Spirit" title="Congregation of the Holy Spirit">Holy Ghost Fathers</a> (CSSp)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephites_(Maryland)" title="Josephites (Maryland)">Josephites</a> (SSJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionaries_of_Christ" title="Legionaries of Christ">Legionaries of Christ</a> (LC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Little Brothers of Jesus">Little Brothers of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Marian_Fathers_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Congregation of Marian Fathers of the Immaculate Conception">Marians of the Immaculate Conception</a> (MIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Society of Jesus (Jesuits)</a> (SJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Mary_(Marianists)" title="Society of Mary (Marianists)">Society of Mary (Marianists)</a> (SM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Mary_(Marists)" title="Society of Mary (Marists)">Society of Mary (Marists)</a> (SM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Divine_Word" title="Society of the Divine Word">Society of the Divine Word</a> (SVD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Edmund" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Saint Edmund">Society of Saint Edmund</a> (SSE)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marist Brothers</a> (FMS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekhitarists" title="Mekhitarists">Mechitarists</a> (CAM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comboni_Missionaries_of_the_Heart_of_Jesus" title="Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus">Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus</a> (MCCI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_La_Salette" title="Missionaries of La Salette">Missionaries of La Salette</a> (MS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_St._Francis_de_Sales" title="Missionaries of St. Francis de Sales">Missionaries of St. Francis de Sales</a> (MSFS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_the_Poor" title="Missionaries of the Poor">Missionaries of the Poor</a> (MOP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Missionaries of the Sacred Heart">Missionaries of the Sacred Heart</a> (MSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_the_Sacred_Hearts_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Missionaries of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary">Missionaries of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Oblates_of_Mary_Immaculate" title="Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate">Oblates of Mary Immaculate</a> (OMI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblates_of_the_Virgin_Mary" title="Oblates of the Virgin Mary">Oblates of the Virgin Mary</a> (OMV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblates_of_St._Francis_de_Sales" title="Oblates of St. Francis de Sales">Oblates of St. Francis de Sales</a> (OSFS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">Order of Friars Minor</a> (OFM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passionists" title="Passionists">Passionists</a> (CP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Paul_the_First_Hermit" title="Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit">Pauline Fathers</a> (OSPPE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptorists" title="Redemptorists">Redemptorists</a> (CSsR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogationists" title="Rogationists">Rogationists of the Heart of Jesus</a> (RCJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Brothers of the Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesians_of_Don_Bosco" title="Salesians of Don Bosco">Salesians</a> (SDB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Servants of Jesus and Mary">Servants of Jesus and Mary</a> (SJM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_Most_Holy_Redeemer" title="Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer">Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer</a> (FSSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xaverian_Brothers" title="Xaverian Brothers">Xaverian Brothers</a> (CFX)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Female</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adorers_of_the_Blood_of_Christ" title="Adorers of the Blood of Christ">Adorers of the Blood of Christ</a> (ASC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Apostolic_Carmel" title="Sisters of the Apostolic Carmel">Apostolic Carmel</a> (AC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilian_Aleppian_Sisters" title="Basilian Aleppian Sisters">Basilian Aleppian Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilian_Chouerite_Sisters" title="Basilian Chouerite Sisters">Basilian Chouerite Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigidine_Sisters" title="Brigidine Sisters">Brigidines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Sisters_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> (CSIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelite_Sisters_of_Saint_Teresa" title="Carmelite Sisters of Saint Teresa">Carmelite Sisters of Saint Teresa</a> (CSST)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Hospitaller_Sisters_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Franciscan Hospitaller Sisters of the Immaculate Conception">Congregation of the Franciscan Hospitaller Sisters of the Immaculate Conception</a> (FHIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Divine_Love" title="Daughters of Divine Love">Daughters of Divine Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Mary_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Daughters of Mary of the Immaculate Conception">Daughters of Mary of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_the_Holy_Heart_of_Mary" title="Daughters of the Holy Heart of Mary">Daughters of the Holy Heart of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faithful_Companions_of_Jesus" title="Faithful Companions of Jesus">Faithful Companions of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felician_Sisters" title="Felician Sisters">Felicians</a> (CSSF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Teachers_Filippini" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Teachers Filippini">Filippini Sisters</a> (MPF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handmaids_of_the_Heart_of_Jesus" title="Handmaids of the Heart of Jesus">Handmaids of the Heart of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handmaids_of_the_Sacred_Heart_of_Jesus" title="Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus">Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Jesus_(Spain)" title="Daughters of Jesus (Spain)">Hijas de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_Adoration_Sisters" title="Holy Spirit Adoration Sisters">Holy Spirit Adoration Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Loreto" title="Sisters of Loreto">Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Sisters_Disciples_of_the_Lamb" title="Little Sisters Disciples of the Lamb">Little Sisters Disciples of the Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Sisters_of_Jesus" title="Little Sisters of Jesus">Little Sisters of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Sisters_of_the_Poor" title="Little Sisters of the Poor">Little Sisters of the Poor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_the_Gospel_Community" title="Living the Gospel Community">Living the Gospel Community</a> (LGC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovers_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Lovers of the Holy Cross">Lovers of the Holy Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianites_of_Holy_Cross" title="Marianites of Holy Cross">Marianites of Holy Cross</a> (MSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryknoll_Sisters_of_St._Dominic" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryknoll Sisters of St. Dominic">Maryknoll Sisters</a> (MM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Sisters_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_of_the_Mother_of_God" title="Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Mother of God">Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Mother of God</a> (SMIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Sisters_of_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" title="Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a> (ICM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Sisters_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart">Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Sisters_of_the_Sacred_Heart_of_Jesus" title="Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus">Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> (MSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate_Sisters_of_Providence" title="Oblate Sisters of Providence">Oblate Sisters of Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblates_of_Jesus_the_Priest" title="Oblates of Jesus the Priest">Oblates of Jesus the Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate_Sisters_of_the_Virgin_Mary_of_Fatima" title="Oblate Sisters of the Virgin Mary of Fatima">Oblate Sisters of the Virgin Mary of Fatima</a> (OMVF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Our_Lady_of_Charity" title="Order of Our Lady of Charity">Order of Our Lady of Charity</a> (ODNC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares" title="Poor Clares">Poor Clares</a> (OSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clare_Missionaries_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Poor Clare Missionaries of the Blessed Sacrament">Poor Clare Missionaries of the Blessed Sacrament</a> (MC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Society of the Sacred Heart">Religious of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> (RSCJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_of_the_Virgin_Mary" title="Religious of the Virgin Mary">Religious of the Virgin Mary</a> (RVM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants_of_St._Joseph" title="Servants of St. Joseph">Servants of St. Joseph</a> (SSJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament">Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Charity" title="Sisters of Charity">Sisters of Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Charity_of_Saints_Bartolomea_Capitanio_and_Vincenza_Gerosa_(SCCG)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisters of Charity of Saints Bartolomea Capitanio and Vincenza Gerosa (SCCG)">Sisters of Charity of Saints Bartolomea Capitanio and Vincenza Gerosa (SCCG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Christian_Doctrine_of_Nancy" title="Sisters of Christian Doctrine of Nancy">Sisters of Christian Doctrine of Nancy</a> (DC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Cross_and_Passion" title="Sisters of the Cross and Passion">Sisters of the Cross and Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Destitute" title="Sisters of the Destitute">Sisters of the Destitute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Our_Lady_of_Charity_of_the_Good_Shepherd" title="Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd">Sisters of the Good Shepherd</a> (RGS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Holy_Cross" title="Sisters of Holy Cross">Sisters of Holy Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Sisters of the Holy Cross">Sisters of the Holy Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Holy_Family_(Louisiana)" title="Sisters of the Holy Family (Louisiana)">Sisters of the Holy Family-Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Holy_Names_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary">Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Congregation of the Immaculate Conception">Sisters of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" title="Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters,_Servants_of_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" title="Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Life" title="Sisters of Life">Sisters of Life</a> (SV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Mercy" title="Sisters of Mercy">Sisters of Mercy</a> (RSM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Providence_of_Saint_Mary-of-the-Woods" title="Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods">Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Sisters of the Sacred Heart">Sisters of the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Third_Order_of_St._Francis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis">Sisters of Saint Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_St._Joseph" title="Sisters of St. Joseph">Sisters of Saint Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sisters_of_St._Joseph_of_Peace" title="The Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace">The Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_St_Joseph_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart">Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart</a> (RSJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Saint_Paul_of_Chartres" title="Sisters of Saint Paul of Chartres">Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres</a> (SPC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Helpers_of_the_Holy_Souls" title="Society of the Helpers of the Holy Souls">Society of the Helpers of the Holy Souls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Social_Service" title="Sisters of Social Service">Sisters of Social Service</a> (sss)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Servants of the Blessed Sacrament">Servants of the Blessed Sacrament</a> (SSS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursulines" title="Ursulines">Ursulines</a> (OSU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Sisters_of_Our_Lady_of_Africa" title="Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa">White Sisters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Third_order" title="Third order">Third orders</a> of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Catholic laity</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist wraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Template:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Template talk:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Catholic_Church_articles" title="Index of Catholic Church articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Outline of the Catholic Church">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Glossary of the Catholic Church">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholics" title="Lists of Catholics">Lists of Catholics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church">Ecclesiastical</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Legal history of the Catholic Church">Legal</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primacy_of_Peter" title="Primacy of Peter">Petrine primacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Primacy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">Islamic conquests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Schism (1054)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Schism (1378)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church and Protestant">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Trent</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic Church and Nazi Germany">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Sexual abuse scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic tradition">Tradition</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism</a></i></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="General" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingship_and_kingdom_of_God" title="Kingship and kingdom of God">Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_on_the_body" title="Catholic theology on the body">Body and soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_grace" title="Divine grace">Divine grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Dogma in the Catholic Church">Dogma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">Ten Commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li>Official Bible <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixtine_Vulgate" title="Sixtine Vulgate">Sixtine Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine Vulgate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Vulgata" title="Nova Vulgata">Nova Vulgata</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Communitas_perfecta" title="Communitas perfecta">Communitas perfecta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicity" title="Catholicity">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church" title="Infallibility of the Church">Infallibility</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystici_Corporis_Christi" title="Mystici Corporis Christi">Mystici Corporis Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Three states</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subsistit_in" title="Subsistit in">Subsistit in</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">In canon law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_rites" title="Last rites">Last rites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mariology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Catholic_Mariology" title="History of Catholic Mariology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_popes" title="Mariology of the popes">Mariology of the popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_saints" title="Mariology of the saints">Mariology of the saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Veneration</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephology" title="Josephology">Josephology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Moral theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Personalism (Catholic)">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy of canon law</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Science and the Catholic Church">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Evolution and the Catholic Church">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relations_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_state" title="Relations between the Catholic Church and the state">Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Politics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint (Catholic)">Saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Organisation<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Hierarchy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Order of precedence in the Catholic Church">Precedence</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Catholic Church by country">By country</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_popes" title="List of popes">List of popes</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_living_cardinals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of living cardinals">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cardinal_Advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Cardinal Advisers">Advisers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synod of Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">Properties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Roman Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Polity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_(structured_view)" title="List of Catholic dioceses (structured view)">Diocese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">Episcopal conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy#Church_hierarchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_archbishop" title="Major archbishop">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">Primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">Diocesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">Coadjutor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">Auxiliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titular_bishop" title="Titular bishop">Titular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope emeritus">Emeritus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_(Catholic_Church)" title="Parish (Catholic Church)">Parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_(Western_Christianity)" title="Religious (Western Christianity)">Religious</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_(hierarchy)" title="Superior (hierarchy)">Superior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_general_(Christianity)" title="Superior general (Christianity)">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">Provincial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior, Prioress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_brother" title="Religious brother">Brother</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_sister" title="Religious sister">Sister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_nun" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novitiate" title="Novitiate">Novice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novice_master" title="Novice master">Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate" title="Oblate">Oblate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postulant" title="Postulant">Postulant</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Particular churches</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui iuris</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Albanian Greek Catholic Church">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Belarusian Greek Catholic Church">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Church" title="Coptic Catholic Church">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Church_of_Croatia_and_Serbia" title="Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia">Croatian and Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Catholic_Church" title="Eritrean Catholic Church">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Catholic_Church" title="Ethiopian Catholic Church">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Georgia" title="Catholic Church in Georgia">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Byzantine_Catholic_Church" title="Greek Byzantine Catholic Church">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Hungarian Greek Catholic Church">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Macedonian Greek Catholic Church">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Romanian Greek Catholic Church">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Russian Greek Catholic Church">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church">Ruthenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Slovak Greek Catholic Church">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_liturgical_rites" title="Alexandrian liturgical rites">Alexandrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Marian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_artists" title="List of Catholic artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_writers" title="List of Catholic writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholic_church_buildings" title="Lists of Catholic church buildings">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altarpiece" title="Altarpiece">Altarpieces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Catholicism" title="Folk Catholicism">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_music" title="Category:Catholic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Distinctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilisation</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Criticism of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Anti-Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_media" title="Category:Catholic media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_Press_Office" title="Holy See Press Office">Holy See Press Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Media" title="Vatican Media">Vatican Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News" title="Vatican News">Vatican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Television_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Television Center">Vatican Television Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vatican Polyglot Press</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Religious orders</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">institutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">societies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumptionists" title="Assumptionists">Assumptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Annonciades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Basil_the_Great" title="Order of Saint Basil the Great">Basilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehemites" title="Bethlehemites">Bethlehemites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Blue nuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camaldolese" title="Camaldolese">Camaldoleses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillians" title="Camillians">Camillians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusians" title="Carthusians">Carthusians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares" title="Poor Clares">Clarisses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptionists" title="Conceptionists">Conceptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross">Crosiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Our_Lady_of_Charity_of_the_Good_Shepherd" title="Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd">Good Shepherd Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieronymites" title="Hieronymites">Hieronymites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionaries_of_Christ" title="Legionaries of Christ">Legionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_of_Mercy" title="Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy">Mercedarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Minims" title="Order of Minims">Minims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivetans" title="Olivetans">Olivetans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratory_of_Saint_Philip_Neri" title="Oratory of Saint Philip Neri">Oratorians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piarists" title="Piarists">Piarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premonstratensians" title="Premonstratensians">Premonstratensians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptoristines" title="Redemptoristines">Redemptoristines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servite_Order" title="Servite Order">Servites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatines" title="Theatines">Theatines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trappists" title="Trappists">Trappists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarians" title="Trinitarians">Trinitarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Visitation_of_Holy_Mary" title="Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary">Visitandines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Associations<br />of the faithful</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_lay_organisations" title="Catholic lay organisations">Lay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Marian_movements_and_societies" title="Catholic Marian movements and societies">Marian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_youth_work" title="Catholic youth work">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Movement_of_Christian_Workers" title="World Movement of Christian Workers">Workers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_order" title="Third order">Third orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Dominic" title="Third Order of Saint Dominic">Saint Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Carmelites" title="Lay Carmelites">Lay Carmelites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Order_of_Discalced_Carmelites" title="Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites">Discalced</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">Saint Francis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Secular Franciscan Order">Secular</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)#International" title="Military order (religious society)">Military orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimcap" title="Fimcap">Fimcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Action" title="Catholic Action">Catholic Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charismatic_Renewal" title="Catholic Charismatic Renewal">Charismatic Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_Liberation" title="Communion and Liberation">Communion and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sant%27Egidio" title="Community of Sant'Egidio">Sant'Egidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focolare_Movement" title="Focolare Movement">Focolare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Catholic_Knights" title="International Alliance of Catholic Knights">International Alliance of Catholic Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Catholic_Conference_of_Scouting" title="International Catholic Conference of Scouting">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Mary" title="Legion of Mary">Legion of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocatechumenal_Way" title="Neocatechumenal Way">Neocatechumenal Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenstatt_Apostolic_Movement" title="Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement">Schoenstatt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_charities" title="Catholic charities">Charities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_to_the_Church_in_Need" title="Aid to the Church in Need">Aid to the Church in Need</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritas_Internationalis" title="Caritas Internationalis">Caritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charities_USA" title="Catholic Charities USA">Catholic Charities USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Home_Missions" title="Catholic Home Missions">Home Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Relief_Services" title="Catholic Relief Services">Relief Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIDSE" title="CIDSE">CIDSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Christi" title="Pax Christi">Pax Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Society of Saint Vincent de Paul">Society of Saint Vincent de Paul</a><br /></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_health_care" title="Catholic Church and health care">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_higher_education" title="Catholic higher education">Universities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53769#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53769#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53769#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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