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id="toc-Historical_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campuses_and_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campuses_and_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Campuses and buildings </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Campuses_and_buildings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Campuses and buildings subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Campuses_and_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Central_Area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Central Area </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pollock_Halls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pollock_Halls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Pollock Halls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pollock_Halls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holyrood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holyrood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Holyrood </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holyrood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-King's_Buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#King's_Buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 King's Buildings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-King's_Buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BioQuarter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BioQuarter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 BioQuarter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BioQuarter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Easter_Bush" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Easter_Bush"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Easter Bush </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Easter_Bush-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Western General </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Organisation and administration </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation_and_administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Organisation and administration subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Governance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-University_Court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_Court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 University Court </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_Court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 General Council </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senatus_Academicus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senatus_Academicus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.3 Senatus Academicus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senatus_Academicus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-University_officials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_officials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.4 University officials </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_officials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Colleges and schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts,_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts,_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts,_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicine_and_Veterinary_Medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicine_and_Veterinary_Medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Medicine and Veterinary Medicine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicine_and_Veterinary_Medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_Engineering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_Engineering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.3 Science and Engineering </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_Engineering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sub-units,_centres_and_institutes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sub-units,_centres_and_institutes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.4 Sub-units, centres and institutes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sub-units,_centres_and_institutes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Staff,_community_and_networking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Staff,_community_and_networking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Staff, community and networking </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Staff,_community_and_networking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industrial_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Industrial action </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_profile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_profile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Academic profile </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Academic_profile-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Academic profile subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Academic_profile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Admissions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Admissions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Admissions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Admissions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graduation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graduation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Graduation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graduation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Library_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Library_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Library system </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Library_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exchange_programmes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exchange_programmes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Exchange programmes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exchange_programmes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rankings_and_reputation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rankings_and_reputation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Rankings and reputation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rankings_and_reputation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Student life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Student life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Students'_Association" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Students'_Association"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Students' Association </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Students'_Association-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Performing arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_activism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_activism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Student activism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gaza_protest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaza_protest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.1 Gaza protest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaza_protest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_co-operatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_co-operatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Student co-operatives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_co-operatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Notable people </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notable people subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nobel_and_Nobel_equivalent_prizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_and_Nobel_equivalent_prizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Nobel and Nobel equivalent prizes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_and_Nobel_equivalent_prizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heads_of_state_and_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heads_of_state_and_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Heads of state and government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heads_of_state_and_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">University of Edinburgh</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 86 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" > 86 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="جامعة إدنبرة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة إدنبرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburq_Universiteti" title="Edinburq Universiteti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Edinburq Universiteti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="ادینبروق بیلیم‌یوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ادینبروق بیلیم‌یوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univ%C3%A9rsitas_Edinburgh" title="Univérsitas Edinburgh – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Univérsitas Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="এডিনবরা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এডিনবরা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Эдынбургскі ўніверсітэт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эдынбургскі ўніверсітэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Эдынбурскі ўнівэрсытэт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эдынбурскі ўнівэрсытэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Единбургски университет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Единбургски университет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_d%27Edimburg" title="Universitat d'Edimburg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Universitat d'Edimburg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="University of Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinbursk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Edinburská univerzita – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Edinburská univerzita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prifysgol_Caeredin" title="Prifysgol Caeredin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Prifysgol Caeredin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="University of Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="University of Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburghi_%C3%9Clikool" title="Edinburghi Ülikool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Edinburghi Ülikool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%95%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Πανεπιστήμιο του Εδιμβούργου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πανεπιστήμιο του Εδιμβούργου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_de_Edimburgo" title="Universidad de Edimburgo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad de Edimburgo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_de_Edinburgo" title="Universitato de Edinburgo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato de Edinburgo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgheko_Unibertsitatea" title="Edinburgheko Unibertsitatea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Edinburgheko Unibertsitatea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88" title="دانشگاه ادینبرو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه ادینبرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_d%27%C3%89dimbourg" title="Université d'Édimbourg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université d'Édimbourg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_fan_Edinburgh" title="Universiteit fan Edinburgh – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Universiteit fan Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollscoil_Dh%C3%BAn_%C3%89ideann" title="Ollscoil Dhún Éideann – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ollscoil Dhún Éideann" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilthigh_Dh%C3%B9n_%C3%88ideann" title="Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_Edimburgo" title="Universidade de Edimburgo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Universidade de Edimburgo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="愛丁堡大學 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="愛丁堡大學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%93%A0%EB%B2%84%EB%9F%AC_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="에든버러 대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에든버러 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBO_ke_Kulanui_o_Edinburgh" title="ʻO ke Kulanui o Edinburgh – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻO ke Kulanui o Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Էդինբուրգի համալսարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էդինբուրգի համալսարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="एडिनबर्ग विश्वविद्यालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एडिनबर्ग विश्वविद्यालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1te_u_Edinburghu" title="Sveučilište u Edinburghu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sveučilište u Edinburghu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Edinburgh" title="Universitas Edinburgh – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inyuvesi_yase-Edinburgh" title="Inyuvesi yase-Edinburgh – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Inyuvesi yase-Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinborgarh%C3%A1sk%C3%B3li" title="Edinborgarháskóli – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Edinborgarháskóli" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Edimburgo" title="Università di Edimburgo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università di Edimburgo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95" title="אוניברסיטת אדינבורו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת אדינבורו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Edinburgh" title="Universitas Edinburgh – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Universitas Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinbourg_sukuli_k%C9%A9t%C9%9Bz%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Edinbourg sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Edinbourg sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ედინბურგის უნივერსიტეტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ედინბურგის უნივერსიტეტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Эдинбург университеті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эдинбург университеті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zan%C3%AEngeha_Edinburgh%C3%AA" title="Zanîngeha Edinburghê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zanîngeha Edinburghê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Эдинбург университети – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эдинбург университети" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AD%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%81" title="ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລເອແດມບວກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລເອແດມບວກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Academica_Edinburgensis" title="Universitas Academica Edinburgensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Universitas Academica Edinburgensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgas_Universit%C4%81te" title="Edinburgas Universitāte – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Edinburgas Universitāte" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9it_Edinburgh" title="Universitéit Edinburgh – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Universitéit Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgo_universitetas" title="Edinburgo universitetas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Edinburgo universitetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh-i_Egyetem" title="Edinburgh-i Egyetem – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Edinburgh-i Egyetem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2" title="എഡിൻബർഗ് സർവ്വകലാശാല – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എഡിൻബർഗ് സർവ്വകലാശാല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%87" title="جامعة ادنبره – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة ادنبره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Edinburgh" title="Universiti Edinburgh – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Universiti Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%98%D1%85_%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Эдинбургийн Их Сургууль – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эдинбургийн Их Сургууль" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_van_Edinburgh" title="Universiteit van Edinburgh – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Universiteit van Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%83%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="エディンバラ大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エディンバラ大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="University of Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburg_universiteti" title="Edinburg universiteti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Edinburg universiteti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="یونیورسٹی آف ایڈنبرا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یونیورسٹی آف ایڈنبرا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniwersytet_Edynburski" title="Uniwersytet Edynburski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uniwersytet Edynburski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_Edimburgo" title="Universidade de Edimburgo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade de Edimburgo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitatea_din_Edinburgh" title="Universitatea din Edinburgh – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Universitatea din Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Эдинбургский университет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эдинбургский университет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varsity_o_Edinburgh" title="Varsity o Edinburgh – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Varsity o Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteti_i_Edinburgut" title="Universiteti i Edinburgut – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Universiteti i Edinburgut" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="එඩින්බරෝ විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එඩින්බරෝ විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="University of Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="University of Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerza_v_Edinburgu" title="Univerza v Edinburgu – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Univerza v Edinburgu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83" title="Универзитет у Единбургу – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Универзитет у Единбургу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzitet_u_Edinburghu" title="Univerzitet u Edinburghu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Univerzitet u Edinburghu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburghin_yliopisto" title="Edinburghin yliopisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Edinburghin yliopisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburghs_universitet" title="Edinburghs universitet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Edinburghs universitet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_ng_Edinburgh" title="Unibersidad ng Edinburgh – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unibersidad ng Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எடின்பரோ பல்கலைக்கழகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எடின்பரோ பல்கலைக்கழகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburg_universitet%C4%B1" title="Edinburg universitetı – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Edinburg universitetı" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0" title="มหาวิทยาลัยเอดินบะระ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหาวิทยาลัยเอดินบะระ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Edinburgh Üniversitesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Edinburgh Üniversitesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Единбурзький університет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Единбурзький університет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%81_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="جامعہ ایڈنبرگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جامعہ ایڈنبرگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%86%D8%A8%DB%87%D8%B1%DA%AF_%D8%A6%DB%87%D9%86%D9%89%DB%8B%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%AA%D9%89" title="ئىدىنبۇرگ ئۇنىۋېرستېتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىدىنبۇرگ ئۇنىۋېرستېتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Edinburgh" title="Đại học Edinburgh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại học Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="愛丁堡大學 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="愛丁堡大學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_han_Edinburgh" title="Unibersidad han Edinburgh – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Unibersidad han Edinburgh" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="爱丁堡大学 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="爱丁堡大学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%98_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92" title="אוניווערסיטעט פון עדינבורג – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אוניווערסיטעט פון עדינבורג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="愛丁堡大學 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="愛丁堡大學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="爱丁堡大学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="爱丁堡大学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q160302#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:University_of_Edinburgh" 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class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Edinburgh&params=55_57_N_3_11_W_type:edu">55°57′N 3°11′W / 55.950°N 3.183°W / 55.950; -3.183</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">University of Edinburgh</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Edinburgh_ceremonial_roundel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7a/University_of_Edinburgh_ceremonial_roundel.svg/150px-University_of_Edinburgh_ceremonial_roundel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7a/University_of_Edinburgh_ceremonial_roundel.svg/225px-University_of_Edinburgh_ceremonial_roundel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7a/University_of_Edinburgh_ceremonial_roundel.svg/300px-University_of_Edinburgh_ceremonial_roundel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Universitas Academica Edinburgensis<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former names</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Tounis College King James' College</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_university" title="Ancient university">Ancient university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1583; 441 years ago (1583)<a href="#cite_note-Our_History-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic affiliation</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Commonwealth_Universities" title="Association of Commonwealth Universities">ACU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Coimbra_Group" title="Coimbra Group">Coimbra Group</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">EUA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_European_Research_Universities" title="League of European Research Universities">LERU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Una_Europa" title="Una Europa">Una Europa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Network_of_Universities_from_the_Capitals_of_Europe" title="Network of Universities from the Capitals of Europe">UNICA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universitas_21" title="Universitas 21">Universitas 21</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universities_Research_Association" title="Universities Research Association">URA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universities_Scotland" title="Universities Scotland">Universities Scotland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universities_UK" title="Universities UK">Universities UK</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">£559.8 million (2023)<a href="#cite_note-Financial_report-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">£1.341 billion (2022/23)<a href="#cite_note-Financial_report-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Chancellor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Anne, Princess Royal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">Rector</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Fanshawe" title="Simon Fanshawe">Simon Fanshawe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Principal_(academia)" title="Principal (academia)">Principal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mathieson_(nephrologist)" title="Peter Mathieson (nephrologist)">Sir Peter Mathieson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,952 <a href="/wiki/Full-time_equivalent" title="Full-time equivalent">FTE</a> (2022)<a href="#cite_note-HR_2022-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Administrative staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,215 FTE (2022)<a href="#cite_note-HR_2022-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">39,110 (2022/23)<a href="#cite_note-HESAWhere2024-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">25,610 (2022/23)<a href="#cite_note-HESAWhere2024-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13,500 (2022/23)<a href="#cite_note-HESAWhere2024-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">Scotland, UK</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Edinburgh&params=55_57_N_3_11_W_type:edu">55°57′N 3°11′W / 55.950°N 3.183°W / 55.950; -3.183</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suburban_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Suburban area">suburban</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colours</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Red Blue<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk">www.ed.ac.uk</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160302#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Edinburgh_Corporate_Logo_Colour.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3c/University_of_Edinburgh_Corporate_Logo_Colour.svg/240px-University_of_Edinburgh_Corporate_Logo_Colour.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3c/University_of_Edinburgh_Corporate_Logo_Colour.svg/360px-University_of_Edinburgh_Corporate_Logo_Colour.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3c/University_of_Edinburgh_Corporate_Logo_Colour.svg/480px-University_of_Edinburgh_Corporate_Logo_Colour.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="68" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Temple_of_Fame,_McEwan_Hall,_Edinburgh,_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_Temple_of_Fame%2C_McEwan_Hall%2C_Edinburgh%2C_4.jpg/220px-The_Temple_of_Fame%2C_McEwan_Hall%2C_Edinburgh%2C_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_Temple_of_Fame%2C_McEwan_Hall%2C_Edinburgh%2C_4.jpg/330px-The_Temple_of_Fame%2C_McEwan_Hall%2C_Edinburgh%2C_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_Temple_of_Fame%2C_McEwan_Hall%2C_Edinburgh%2C_4.jpg/440px-The_Temple_of_Fame%2C_McEwan_Hall%2C_Edinburgh%2C_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Interior dome of the <a href="/wiki/McEwan_Hall" title="McEwan Hall">McEwan Hall</a> after restoration in 2017</figcaption></figure> The University of Edinburgh (<a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a>: University o Edinburgh, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann; abbreviated as Edin. in <a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">post-nominals</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, Scotland. Founded by the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Edinburgh_Council" title="City of Edinburgh Council">town council</a> under the authority of a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> from King <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James VI</a> in 1582 and officially opened in 1583, it is one of Scotland's <a href="/wiki/Ancient_universities_of_Scotland" title="Ancient universities of Scotland">four ancient universities</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">sixth-oldest university</a> in continuous operation in the <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Our_History-2">[2]</a> The university played a crucial role in Edinburgh becoming a leading intellectual centre during the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Enlightenment" title="Scottish Enlightenment">Scottish Enlightenment</a> and contributed to the city being nicknamed the "<a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_Edinburgh#Athens_of_the_North" title="Etymology of Edinburgh">Athens of the North</a>".<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> The three main global university rankings (<a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a>, and <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a>) place the University of Edinburgh within their respective top 40.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> It is a member of several associations of research-intensive universities, including the <a href="/wiki/Coimbra_Group" title="Coimbra Group">Coimbra Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/League_of_European_Research_Universities" title="League of European Research Universities">League of European Research Universities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Una_Europa" title="Una Europa">Una Europa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Universitas_21" title="Universitas 21">Universitas 21</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a> ending 31 July 2023, the university had a total income of £1.341 billion, with £339.5 million from research grants and contracts. It has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_endowment" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom by endowment">third-largest endowment</a> in the UK, behind only <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Financial_report-3">[3]</a> The university occupies five main campuses in the city of Edinburgh, which include many buildings of historical and architectural significance, such as those in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_Edinburgh" title="Old Town, Edinburgh">Old Town</a>.<a href="#cite_note-University_Heritage-15">[14]</a> Edinburgh is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_enrolment" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom by enrolment">eighth-largest university</a> in the UK by enrolment and receives over 69,000 undergraduate applications per year, making it the third-most popular university in the UK by application volume.<a href="#cite_note-admissions-16">[15]</a> In 2021, Edinburgh had the seventh-highest average <a href="/wiki/UCAS_Tariff" title="UCAS Tariff">UCAS points</a> among British universities for new entrants. The university maintains strong links to the <a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">royal family</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a>, serving as its chancellor from 1953 to 2010, and <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Anne, Princess Royal</a>, holding the position since March 2011.<a href="#cite_note-Princess_Anne-17">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Edinburgh_people" title="List of University of Edinburgh people">Notable alumni of the University of Edinburgh</a> include inventor <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_history#Before_1900" title="Natural history">naturalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>, philosopher <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a>, physicist <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a>, and writers such as Sir <a href="/wiki/J._M._Barrie" title="J. M. Barrie">J. M. Barrie</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> The university has produced several heads of state and government, including <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom_by_education" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom by education">three British prime ministers</a>. Additionally, three <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">UK Supreme Court justices</a> were educated at Edinburgh. As of October 2024, the university has been affiliated with 20 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates, four <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> winners, three <a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a> winners, an <a href="/wiki/Abel_Prize" title="Abel Prize">Abel Prize</a> laureate, and a <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medalist</a>. Edinburgh alumni have also won a total of ten <a href="/wiki/Olympic_medal" title="Olympic medal">Olympic gold medals</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Rollock,_first_principal_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Robert_Rollock%2C_first_principal_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg/220px-Robert_Rollock%2C_first_principal_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Robert_Rollock%2C_first_principal_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg/330px-Robert_Rollock%2C_first_principal_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Robert_Rollock%2C_first_principal_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg/440px-Robert_Rollock%2C_first_principal_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2306" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rollock" title="Robert Rollock">Robert Rollock</a>, Regent (1583–1586) and first principal (1586–1599) of the University of Edinburgh</figcaption></figure> In 1557, Bishop <a href="/wiki/Robert_Reid_(bishop)" title="Robert Reid (bishop)">Robert Reid</a> of <a href="/wiki/St_Magnus_Cathedral" title="St Magnus Cathedral">St Magnus Cathedral</a> on <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a> made a <a href="/wiki/Will_and_testament" title="Will and testament">will</a> containing an endowment of 8,000 <a href="/wiki/Merk_(coin)" title="Merk (coin)">merks</a> to build a college in Edinburgh.<a href="#cite_note-Will-20">[19]</a> Unusually for his time, Reid's vision included the teaching of <a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">rhetoric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>, alongside more traditional subjects such as <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Will-20">[19]</a> However, the bequest was delayed by more than 25 years due to the religious revolution that led to the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation_Parliament" title="Scottish Reformation Parliament">Reformation Parliament</a> of 1560.<a href="#cite_note-Will-20">[19]</a> The plans were revived in the late 1570s through efforts by the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Town_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh Town Council">Edinburgh Town Council</a>, first minister of Edinburgh <a href="/wiki/James_Lawson_(minister)" title="James Lawson (minister)">James Lawson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Provost_of_Edinburgh" title="Lord Provost of Edinburgh">Lord Provost</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Little_(Lord_Provost)" title="William Little (Lord Provost)">William Little</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Our_History-2">[2]</a> When Reid's descendants were unwilling to pay out the sum, the town council petitioned King <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James VI</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Scotland" title="Privy Council of Scotland">Privy Council</a>. The King brokered a monetary compromise and granted a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> on 14 April 1582, empowering the town council to create a college of higher education.<a href="#cite_note-Will-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> A college established by secular authorities was unprecedented in <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">newly Presbyterian</a> Scotland, as all previous Scottish universities had been founded through <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bulls</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_James%27_College,_Edinburgh_c.1647.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/King_James%27_College%2C_Edinburgh_c.1647.JPG/220px-King_James%27_College%2C_Edinburgh_c.1647.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/King_James%27_College%2C_Edinburgh_c.1647.JPG/330px-King_James%27_College%2C_Edinburgh_c.1647.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/King_James%27_College%2C_Edinburgh_c.1647.JPG/440px-King_James%27_College%2C_Edinburgh_c.1647.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Main buildings of King James' College in 1647, lying in a double courtyard on the lower left</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:0169731c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/0169731c.jpg/220px-0169731c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/0169731c.jpg/330px-0169731c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/0169731c.jpg/440px-0169731c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Frontispiece to earliest laureation (graduation) register (1587)</figcaption></figure> Named Tounis College (Town's College), the university opened its doors to students on 14 October 1583, with an attendance of 80–90.<a href="#cite_note-Our_History-2">[2]</a> At the time, the college mainly covered <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_education" title="Liberal arts education">liberal arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Divinity_(academic_discipline)" title="Divinity (academic discipline)">divinity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> Instruction began under the charge of a graduate from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>, theologian <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rollock" title="Robert Rollock">Robert Rollock</a>, who first served as Regent, and from 1586 as principal of the college.<a href="#cite_note-Robert_Rollock-26">[25]</a> Initially Rollock was the sole instructor for first-year students, and he was expected to tutor the 1583 intake for all four years of their degree in every subject. The first cohort finished their studies in 1587, and 47 students graduated (or 'laureated') with an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Scotland)" title="Master of Arts (Scotland)">M.A.</a> degree.<a href="#cite_note-Robert_Rollock-26">[25]</a> When King James VI visited Scotland in 1617, he held a <a href="/wiki/Disputation" title="Disputation">disputation</a> with the college's professors, after which he decreed that it should henceforth be called the "Colledge [sic] of King James".<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> The university was known as both Tounis College and King James' College until it gradually assumed the name of the University of Edinburgh during the 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> After the deposition of King <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II and VII</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a> in 1688, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Scotland" title="Parliament of Scotland">Parliament of Scotland</a> passed legislation designed to root out <a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobite</a> sympathisers amongst university staff.<a href="#cite_note-Jacobite_Staff-30">[29]</a> In Edinburgh, this led to the dismissal of Principal <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Monro_(educator)" title="Alexander Monro (educator)">Alexander Monro</a> and several professors and regents after a government visitation in 1690. The university was subsequently led by Principal <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Rule" title="Gilbert Rule">Gilbert Rule</a>, one of the inquisitors on the visitation committee.<a href="#cite_note-Jacobite_Staff-30">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_and_19th_century">18th and 19th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 18th and 19th century">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:24em; border-width: 2px; color: #202122;background-color: Cornsilk;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "You are now in a place where the best courses upon earth are within your reach... Such an opportunity you will never again have. I would therefore strongly press on you to fix no other limit to your stay in Edinborough than your having got thro this whole course. The omission of any one part of it will be an affliction & loss to you as long as you live." </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, writing to his son-in-law <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann_Randolph,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr.">Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr.</a> in 1786.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a></cite> </div> The late 17th and early 18th centuries were marked by a power struggle between the university and town council, which had ultimate authority over staff appointments, curricula, and examinations.<a href="#cite_note-Town_Council-32">[31]</a> After a series of challenges by the university, the conflict culminated in the council seizing the college records in 1704.<a href="#cite_note-Town_Council-32">[31]</a> Relations were only gradually repaired over the next 150 years and suffered repeated setbacks. The university expanded by founding a Faculty of Law in 1707, a Faculty of Arts in 1708, and a Faculty of Medicine in 1726.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> In 1762, Reverend <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Blair" title="Hugh Blair">Hugh Blair</a> was appointed by King <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a> as the first <a href="/wiki/Regius_Chair_of_Rhetoric_and_English_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Regius Chair of Rhetoric and English Literature">Regius Professor of Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> This formalised literature as a subject and marks the foundation of the English Literature department, making Edinburgh the oldest centre of literary education in Britain.<a href="#cite_note-Anniversary-35">[34]</a> During the 18th century, the university was at the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Enlightenment" title="Scottish Enlightenment">Scottish Enlightenment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> The ideas of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a> fell on especially fertile ground in Edinburgh because of the university's democratic and secular origin; its organization as a single entity instead of loosely connected colleges, which encouraged academic exchange; its adoption of the more flexible Dutch model of professorship, rather than having student cohorts taught by a single regent; and the lack of land endowments as its source of income, which meant its faculty operated in a more competitive environment.<a href="#cite_note-Scottish_Enlightenment-37">[36]</a> Between 1750 and 1800, this system produced and attracted key Enlightenment figures such as chemist <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Black" title="Joseph Black">Joseph Black</a>, economist <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>, historian <a href="/wiki/William_Robertson_(historian)" title="William Robertson (historian)">William Robertson</a>, philosophers <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dugald_Stewart" title="Dugald Stewart">Dugald Stewart</a>, physician <a href="/wiki/William_Cullen" title="William Cullen">William Cullen</a>, and early sociologist <a href="/wiki/Adam_Ferguson" title="Adam Ferguson">Adam Ferguson</a>, many of which taught concurrently.<a href="#cite_note-Scottish_Enlightenment-37">[36]</a> By the time the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Society of Edinburgh">Royal Society of Edinburgh</a> was founded in 1783, the university was regarded as one of the world's preeminent scientific institutions,<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> called Edinburgh a "hotbed of genius" as a result.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> believed that the university possessed "a set of as truly great men, Professors of the Several Branches of Knowledge, as have ever appeared in any Age or Country".<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> felt that as far as science was concerned, "no place in the world can pretend to a competition with Edinburgh".<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edinburgh_University_1827.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Edinburgh_University_1827.jpg/290px-Edinburgh_University_1827.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Edinburgh_University_1827.jpg/435px-Edinburgh_University_1827.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Edinburgh_University_1827.jpg/580px-Edinburgh_University_1827.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption>The east facade of <a href="/wiki/Old_College,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Old College, University of Edinburgh">Old College</a> facing onto <a href="/wiki/South_Bridge,_Edinburgh" title="South Bridge, Edinburgh">South Bridge</a>, as built in 1827. A <a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">dome</a> similar to Adam's original design was added in 1887 by Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rowand_Anderson" title="Robert Rowand Anderson">Robert Rowand Anderson</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charter_for_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="piece of parchment of charter of novodamus from King James VI of Scotland in 1582" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Charter_for_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg/290px-Charter_for_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Charter_for_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg/435px-Charter_for_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Charter_for_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg/580px-Charter_for_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1238" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_novodamus" title="Charter of novodamus">Charter of Novodamus</a> from King <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James VI of Scotland</a> in 1582, to establish a college</figcaption></figure> In 1785, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dundas,_1st_Viscount_Melville" title="Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville">Henry Dundas</a> introduced the <a href="/wiki/South_Bridge_Act_1785" title="South Bridge Act 1785">South Bridge Act</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>; one of the bill's goals was to use <a href="/wiki/South_Bridge,_Edinburgh" title="South Bridge, Edinburgh">South Bridge</a> as a location for the university, which had existed in a hotchpotch of buildings since its establishment. The site was used to construct <a href="/wiki/Old_College,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Old College, University of Edinburgh">Old College</a>, the university's first custom-built building, by architect <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Playfair" title="William Henry Playfair">William Henry Playfair</a> to plans by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Adam" title="Robert Adam">Robert Adam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> During the 18th century, the university developed a particular forte in teaching <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a> and the developing science of <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">surgery</a>, and it was considered one of the best medical schools in the English-speaking world.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> Bodies to be used for <a href="/wiki/Dissection" title="Dissection">dissection</a> were brought to the university's Anatomy Theatre through a secret tunnel from a nearby house (today's College Wynd student accommodation), which was also used by murderers <a href="/wiki/Burke_and_Hare_murders" title="Burke and Hare murders">Burke and Hare</a> to deliver the corpses of their victims during the 1820s.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Central_Area-45">[44]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_snowball_riots_of_1838" title="Edinburgh snowball riots of 1838">Edinburgh snowball riots of 1838</a> also known as the 'Wars of the Quadrangle' occurred when University of Edinburgh students engaged in what started as a snowball fight in "a spirit of harmless amusement" before becoming a two-day 'battle' at <a href="/wiki/Old_College,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Old College, University of Edinburgh">Old College</a> with local <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> residents on <a href="/wiki/South_Bridge,_Edinburgh" title="South Bridge, Edinburgh">South Bridge</a> which led to the Lord Provost calling from the 79th regiment to be called from <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Castle" title="Edinburgh Castle">Edinburgh Castle</a> to quell the disturbance. This was later immortalised in a 92-page humorous account written by the students entitled The University Snowdrop and then later, in 1853, in a landscape by English artist, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bough" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Bough">Samuel Bough</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:12-46">[45]</a> <a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Snowballing-outside-edinburgh-university_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Snowballing Outside Edinburgh University (1853) - Samuel Bough" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Snowballing-outside-edinburgh-university_cropped.jpg/304px-Snowballing-outside-edinburgh-university_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="304" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Snowballing-outside-edinburgh-university_cropped.jpg/456px-Snowballing-outside-edinburgh-university_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Snowballing-outside-edinburgh-university_cropped.jpg/608px-Snowballing-outside-edinburgh-university_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1844" data-file-height="1415" /></a><figcaption>Snowballing Outside Edinburgh University (1853) - <a href="/wiki/Sam_Bough" title="Sam Bough">Samuel Bough</a></figcaption></figure> After 275 years of governance by the town council, the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_university_governance_in_Scotland" title="Ancient university governance in Scotland">Universities (Scotland) Act 1858</a> gave the university full authority over its own affairs.<a href="#cite_note-Town_Council-32">[31]</a> The act established governing bodies including a university court and a general council, and redefined the roles of key officials like the chancellor, rector, and principal.<a href="#cite_note-Universities_Act-49">[48]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edinburgh_Seven_Plaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Edinburgh_Seven_Plaque.jpg/220px-Edinburgh_Seven_Plaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Edinburgh_Seven_Plaque.jpg/330px-Edinburgh_Seven_Plaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Edinburgh_Seven_Plaque.jpg/440px-Edinburgh_Seven_Plaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2808" data-file-height="1750" /></a><figcaption>Plaque commemorating the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Seven" title="Edinburgh Seven">Edinburgh Seven</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Surgeons_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh">Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Seven" title="Edinburgh Seven">Edinburgh Seven</a> were the first group of matriculated undergraduate female students at any British university.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> Led by <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Jex-Blake" title="Sophia Jex-Blake">Sophia Jex-Blake</a>, they began studying medicine at the University of Edinburgh in 1869. Although the university blocked them from graduating and qualifying as doctors, their campaign gained national attention and won them many supporters, including <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> Their efforts put the rights of women to higher education on the national political agenda, which eventually resulted in legislation allowing women to study at all Scottish universities in 1889. The university admitted women to graduate in medicine in 1893.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> In 2015, the Edinburgh Seven were commemorated with a plaque at the university,<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> and in 2019 they were posthumously awarded with medical degrees.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Exterieur_van_universiteitsgebouwen_in_Edinburgh_University_Buildings,_Edinburgh.,_RP-F-F00877-K.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Exterieur_van_universiteitsgebouwen_in_Edinburgh_University_Buildings%2C_Edinburgh.%2C_RP-F-F00877-K.jpg/220px-Exterieur_van_universiteitsgebouwen_in_Edinburgh_University_Buildings%2C_Edinburgh.%2C_RP-F-F00877-K.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Exterieur_van_universiteitsgebouwen_in_Edinburgh_University_Buildings%2C_Edinburgh.%2C_RP-F-F00877-K.jpg/330px-Exterieur_van_universiteitsgebouwen_in_Edinburgh_University_Buildings%2C_Edinburgh.%2C_RP-F-F00877-K.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Exterieur_van_universiteitsgebouwen_in_Edinburgh_University_Buildings%2C_Edinburgh.%2C_RP-F-F00877-K.jpg/440px-Exterieur_van_universiteitsgebouwen_in_Edinburgh_University_Buildings%2C_Edinburgh.%2C_RP-F-F00877-K.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2472" data-file-height="1622" /></a><figcaption>Buildings of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_Medical_School#Teviot_Place" title="University of Edinburgh Medical School">Old Medical School</a> at Teviot Place, photographed in the late 19th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McEwan_Hall,_Bristo_Square,_University_of_Edinburgh_(6443726423).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/McEwan_Hall%2C_Bristo_Square%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%286443726423%29.jpg/220px-McEwan_Hall%2C_Bristo_Square%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%286443726423%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/McEwan_Hall%2C_Bristo_Square%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%286443726423%29.jpg/330px-McEwan_Hall%2C_Bristo_Square%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%286443726423%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/McEwan_Hall%2C_Bristo_Square%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%286443726423%29.jpg/440px-McEwan_Hall%2C_Bristo_Square%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%286443726423%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption>Exterior of the <a href="/wiki/McEwan_Hall" title="McEwan Hall">McEwan Hall</a></figcaption></figure> Towards the end of the 19th century, Old College was becoming overcrowded. After a bequest from Sir <a href="/wiki/Sir_David_Baxter,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir David Baxter, 1st Baronet">David Baxter</a>, the university started planning new buildings in earnest. Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rowand_Anderson" title="Robert Rowand Anderson">Robert Rowand Anderson</a> won the public architectural competition and was commissioned to design new premises for the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_Medical_School" title="University of Edinburgh Medical School">Medical School</a> in 1877.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> Initially, the design incorporated a <a href="/wiki/Bell_tower" title="Bell tower">campanile</a> and a hall for examination and graduation, but this was seen as too ambitious. The new Medical School opened in 1884, but the building was not completed until 1888.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> After funds were donated by politician and brewer <a href="/wiki/William_McEwan" title="William McEwan">William McEwan</a> in 1894, a separate graduation building was constructed after all, also designed by Anderson.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> The resulting <a href="/wiki/McEwan_Hall" title="McEwan Hall">McEwan Hall</a> on <a href="/wiki/Bristo_Square" title="Bristo Square">Bristo Square</a> was presented to the university in 1897.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Teviot_Row_House,_Edinburgh,_pen_drawing,_c1888.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Teviot_Row_House%2C_Edinburgh%2C_pen_drawing%2C_c1888.jpg/220px-Teviot_Row_House%2C_Edinburgh%2C_pen_drawing%2C_c1888.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Teviot_Row_House%2C_Edinburgh%2C_pen_drawing%2C_c1888.jpg/330px-Teviot_Row_House%2C_Edinburgh%2C_pen_drawing%2C_c1888.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Teviot_Row_House%2C_Edinburgh%2C_pen_drawing%2C_c1888.jpg/440px-Teviot_Row_House%2C_Edinburgh%2C_pen_drawing%2C_c1888.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="642" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Teviot_Row_House" title="Teviot Row House">Teviot Row House</a>, drawn by architect <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Mitchell" title="Sydney Mitchell">Sydney Mitchell</a> in 1888</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Students%27_Representative_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Students' Representative Council">Students' Representative Council</a> (SRC) was founded in 1884 by student <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fitzroy_Bell" title="Robert Fitzroy Bell">Robert Fitzroy Bell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> In 1889, the SRC voted to establish Edinburgh University Union (EUU), to be housed in <a href="/wiki/Teviot_Row_House" title="Teviot Row House">Teviot Row House</a> on Bristo Square.<a href="#cite_note-university_union-62">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Sports_Union" title="Edinburgh University Sports Union">Edinburgh University Sports Union</a> (EUSU) was founded in 1866, and <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Women%27s_Union" title="Edinburgh University Women's Union">Edinburgh University Women's Union</a> (renamed the Chambers Street Union in 1964) in October 1905.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> The SRC, EUU and Chambers Street Union merged to form <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Students%27_Association" title="Edinburgh University Students' Association">Edinburgh University Students' Association</a> (EUSA) on 1 July 1973.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th century">edit</a>]</div> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the Science and Medicine buildings had suffered from a lack of repairs or upgrades, which was exacerbated by an influx of students after the end of the war.<a href="#cite_note-King's_Buildings-66">[65]</a> In 1919, the university bought the land of West Mains Farm in the south of the city for the development of a new satellite campus specialising in the sciences.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> On 6 July 1920, King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> laid the foundation of the first new building (now called the <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Black" title="Joseph Black">Joseph Black</a> Building), housing the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Chemistry,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh">Department of Chemistry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-King's_Buildings-66">[65]</a> The campus was named <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Buildings" title="King's Buildings">King's Buildings</a> in honour of George V. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Echoes_from_Edinburgh,_1910;_an_account_and_interpretation_of_the_World_missionary_conference_(1910)_(14778715714).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Echoes_from_Edinburgh%2C_1910%3B_an_account_and_interpretation_of_the_World_missionary_conference_%281910%29_%2814778715714%29.jpg/220px-Echoes_from_Edinburgh%2C_1910%3B_an_account_and_interpretation_of_the_World_missionary_conference_%281910%29_%2814778715714%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Echoes_from_Edinburgh%2C_1910%3B_an_account_and_interpretation_of_the_World_missionary_conference_%281910%29_%2814778715714%29.jpg/330px-Echoes_from_Edinburgh%2C_1910%3B_an_account_and_interpretation_of_the_World_missionary_conference_%281910%29_%2814778715714%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Echoes_from_Edinburgh%2C_1910%3B_an_account_and_interpretation_of_the_World_missionary_conference_%281910%29_%2814778715714%29.jpg/440px-Echoes_from_Edinburgh%2C_1910%3B_an_account_and_interpretation_of_the_World_missionary_conference_%281910%29_%2814778715714%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption>Facade of <a href="/wiki/New_College,_Edinburgh" title="New College, Edinburgh">New College</a> facing onto <a href="/wiki/The_Mound" title="The Mound">The Mound</a> in 1910</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/New_College,_University_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="New College, University of Edinburgh">New College</a> on <a href="/wiki/The_Mound" title="The Mound">The Mound</a> was originally opened in 1846 as a <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(1843%E2%80%931900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a> college, later of the <a href="/wiki/United_Free_Church_of_Scotland" title="United Free Church of Scotland">United Free Church of Scotland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> Since the 1930s it has been the home of the School of Divinity. Prior to the 1929 reunion of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a>, candidates for the ministry in the United Free Church studied at New College, whilst candidates for the Church of Scotland studied in the university's Faculty of Divinity.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> In 1935 the two institutions merged, with all operations moved to the New College site in Old Town.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> This freed up Old College for <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Law_School" title="Edinburgh Law School">Edinburgh Law School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polish_School_of_Medicine_plaque,_Edinburgh_Medical_School.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Polish_School_of_Medicine_plaque%2C_Edinburgh_Medical_School.jpg/220px-Polish_School_of_Medicine_plaque%2C_Edinburgh_Medical_School.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Polish_School_of_Medicine_plaque%2C_Edinburgh_Medical_School.jpg/330px-Polish_School_of_Medicine_plaque%2C_Edinburgh_Medical_School.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Polish_School_of_Medicine_plaque%2C_Edinburgh_Medical_School.jpg/440px-Polish_School_of_Medicine_plaque%2C_Edinburgh_Medical_School.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1142" /></a><figcaption>Plaque honouring the <a href="/wiki/Polish_School_of_Medicine" title="Polish School of Medicine">Polish School of Medicine</a> at the old Medical School</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Polish_School_of_Medicine" title="Polish School of Medicine">Polish School of Medicine</a> was established in 1941 as a wartime academic initiative. While it was originally intended for students and doctors in the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces_in_the_West" title="Polish Armed Forces in the West">Polish Armed Forces in the West</a>, civilians were also allowed to take the courses, which were taught in Polish and awarded Polish medical degrees.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> When the school was closed in 1949, 336 students had matriculated, of which 227 students graduated with the equivalent of an <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medicine,_Bachelor_of_Surgery" title="Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery">MBChB</a> and a total of 19 doctors obtained a doctorate or <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">MD.</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> A bronze plaque commemorating the Polish School of Medicine is located in the Quadrangle of the old Medical School in Teviot Place.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> On 10 May 1951, the Royal (Dick) Veterinary College, founded in 1823 by <a href="/wiki/William_Dick_(veterinary_surgeon)" title="William Dick (veterinary surgeon)">William Dick</a>,<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> was reconstituted as the <a href="/wiki/Royal_(Dick)_School_of_Veterinary_Studies" title="Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies">Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies</a> and officially became part of the university.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> It achieved full faculty status as Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in 1964. In 1955 the university opened the first department of <a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">nursing</a> in Europe for academic study. This department was inspired by the work of <a href="/wiki/Gladys_Beaumont_Carter" title="Gladys Beaumont Carter">Gladys Beaumont Carter</a> and a grant from the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> By the end of the 1950s, there were around 7,000 students matriculating annually, more than doubling the numbers from the turn of the century.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> The university addressed this partially through the redevelopment of <a href="/wiki/George_Square,_Edinburgh" title="George Square, Edinburgh">George Square</a>, demolishing much of the area's historic houses and erecting modern buildings such as <a href="/wiki/40_George_Square" title="40 George Square">40 George Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Appleton_Tower" title="Appleton Tower">Appleton Tower</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Library" title="Edinburgh University Library">Main Library</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> On 1 August 1998, the Moray House Institute of Education, founded in 1848, merged with the University of Edinburgh, becoming its Faculty of Education. Following the internal restructuring of the university in 2002, Moray House became known as the <a href="/wiki/Moray_House_School_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Moray House School of Education">Moray House School of Education</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Moray_House-80">[79]</a> It was renamed the Moray House School of Education and Sport in August 2019.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> In the 1990s it became apparent that the old <a href="/wiki/Royal_Infirmary_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh">Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh</a> buildings in <a href="/wiki/Lauriston" title="Lauriston">Lauriston Place</a> were no longer adequate for a modern teaching hospital. <a href="/wiki/Donald_Dewar" title="Donald Dewar">Donald Dewar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Scotland" title="Secretary of State for Scotland">Scottish Secretary</a> at the time, authorized a joint project between private finance, local authorities, and the university to create a modern hospital and medical campus in the <a href="/wiki/Little_France" title="Little France">Little France</a> area of Edinburgh.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> The new campus was named the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_BioQuarter" title="Edinburgh BioQuarter">BioQuarter</a>. The Chancellor's Building was opened on 12 August 2002 by <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip</a>, housing the new <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_Medical_School" title="University of Edinburgh Medical School">Edinburgh Medical School</a> alongside the new Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh.<a href="#cite_note-BioQuarter-83">[82]</a> In 2007, the campus saw the addition of the <a href="/wiki/Euan_MacDonald_Centre" title="Euan MacDonald Centre">Euan MacDonald Centre</a> as a research centre for <a href="/wiki/Motor_neuron_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor neuron disease">motor neuron diseases</a>, which was part-funded by Scottish entrepreneur <a href="/wiki/Euan_MacDonald" title="Euan MacDonald">Euan MacDonald</a> and his father Donald.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> In August 2010, author <a href="/wiki/J._K._Rowling" title="J. K. Rowling">J. K. Rowling</a> provided £10 million in funding to create the Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic,<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> which was officially opened in October 2013.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Regenerative_Medicine" title="Centre for Regenerative Medicine">Centre for Regenerative Medicine</a> (CRM) is a <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell" title="Stem cell">stem cell</a> research centre dedicated to the development of <a href="/wiki/Regenerative_medicine" title="Regenerative medicine">regenerative</a> treatments, which was opened in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> CRM is also home to applied scientists working with the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Blood_Transfusion_Service" title="Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service">Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service</a> (SNBTS) and Roslin Cells.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Informatics_Forum_Atrium_turned.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Informatics_Forum_Atrium_turned.jpg/220px-Informatics_Forum_Atrium_turned.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Informatics_Forum_Atrium_turned.jpg/330px-Informatics_Forum_Atrium_turned.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Informatics_Forum_Atrium_turned.jpg/440px-Informatics_Forum_Atrium_turned.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5291" data-file-height="3458" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Atrium_(architecture)" title="Atrium (architecture)">Atrium</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Informatics_Forum" title="Informatics Forum">Informatics Forum</a></figcaption></figure> In December 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Cowgate_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh Cowgate fire">Edinburgh Cowgate fire</a> destroyed a number of university buildings, including some 3,000 m2 (32,000 sq ft) of the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Informatics,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh">School of Informatics</a> at 80 <a href="/wiki/South_Bridge,_Edinburgh" title="South Bridge, Edinburgh">South Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> This was replaced with the <a href="/wiki/Informatics_Forum" title="Informatics Forum">Informatics Forum</a> on <a href="/wiki/Bristo_Square" title="Bristo Square">Bristo Square</a>, completed in July 2008. Also in 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Cancer_Research_Centre" title="Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre">Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre</a> (ECRC) was opened on the <a href="/wiki/Western_General_Hospital" title="Western General Hospital">Western General Hospital</a> site.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> In 2007, the <a href="/wiki/MRC_Human_Genetics_Unit" title="MRC Human Genetics Unit">MRC Human Genetics Unit</a> formed a partnership with the Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine and the ECRC to create the Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (renamed the Institute of Genetics and Cancer in 2021) on the same site.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> In April 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Roslin_Institute" title="Roslin Institute">Roslin Institute</a> – an <a href="/wiki/Animal_science" title="Animal science">animal sciences</a> research centre known for <a href="/wiki/Cloning" title="Cloning">cloning</a> <a href="/wiki/Dolly_(sheep)" title="Dolly (sheep)">Dolly the sheep</a> – became part of the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> In 2011, the school moved into a new £60 million building on the Easter Bush campus, which now houses research and teaching facilities, and a hospital for small and farm animals.<a href="#cite_note-Easter_Bush-95">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3W6A4986.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/3W6A4986.jpg/220px-3W6A4986.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/3W6A4986.jpg/330px-3W6A4986.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/3W6A4986.jpg/440px-3W6A4986.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_College_of_Art" title="Edinburgh College of Art">Edinburgh College of Art</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_College_of_Art" title="Edinburgh College of Art">Edinburgh College of Art</a>, founded in 1760, formally merged with the university's School of Arts, Culture and Environment on 1 August 2011.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> In 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University-University_of_Edinburgh_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute">Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute</a> (ZJE) was founded as an international joint institute offering degrees in biomedical sciences, taught in English.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> The campus, located in <a href="/wiki/Haining" title="Haining">Haining</a>, Zhejiang Province, China, was established on 15 March 2016.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> The university began hosting a <a href="/wiki/Wikimedian_in_Residence" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikimedian in Residence">Wikimedian in Residence</a> in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> The residency was made into a full-time position in 2019, with the Wikimedian involved in teaching and learning activities within the scope of the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:University_of_Edinburgh" title="Wikipedia:University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh WikiProject</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> In 2018, the University of Edinburgh was a signatory to the £1.3 billion Edinburgh and South East Scotland City Region Deal, in partnership with the UK and Scottish governments, six local authorities and all universities and colleges in the region.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> The university committed to delivering a range of economic benefits to the region through the Data-Driven Innovation initiative.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> In conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Heriot-Watt_University" title="Heriot-Watt University">Heriot-Watt University</a>, the deal created five innovation hubs: the Bayes Centre, Edinburgh Futures Institute, Usher Institute, Easter Bush, and one further hub based at Heriot-Watt, the National Robotarium. The deal also included creation of the Edinburgh International Data Facility, which performs high-speed data processing in a secure environment.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> In September 2020, the university completed work on the Richard Verney Health Centre at its central area campus on Bristo Square. The facility houses a health centre and pharmacy, and the university's disability and counselling services.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> The university's largest expansion in the 2020s was the conversion of some of the historic Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh buildings in Lauriston Place, which had been vacated in 2003 and partially developed into the <a href="/wiki/Quartermile" title="Quartermile">Quartermile</a>. The £120 million project created a home for the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Futures_Institute" title="Edinburgh Futures Institute">Edinburgh Futures Institute</a> (EFI), an interdisciplinary hub linking arts, humanities, and social sciences with other disciplines in the research and teaching of complex, multi-stakeholder societal challenges.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> The EFI officially opened its doors to the public on 4 June 2024.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_links">Historical links</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Historical links">edit</a>]</div> Edinburgh has several historical links to other universities, chiefly through its influential Medical School and its graduates, who established and developed institutions elsewhere in the world. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>: had its <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Vagelos_College_of_Physicians_and_Surgeons" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons">Medical School</a> founded by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bard_(physician)" title="Samuel Bard (physician)">Samuel Bard</a>, an Edinburgh medical graduate.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalhousie_University" title="Dalhousie University">Dalhousie University</a>: Edinburgh alumnus <a href="/wiki/George_Ramsay,_9th_Earl_of_Dalhousie" title="George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie">George Ramsay</a>, the 22nd <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Nova_Scotia" title="List of lieutenant governors of Nova Scotia">Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia</a>, wanted to establish a non-denominational college in <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a> open to all.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> The school was modelled after the University of Edinburgh, which students could attend regardless of religion or nationality.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a>: had its <a href="/wiki/Geisel_School_of_Medicine" title="Geisel School of Medicine">School of Medicine</a> founded by <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Smith_(physician,_born_1762)" title="Nathan Smith (physician, born 1762)">Nathan Smith</a>, an alumnus of Edinburgh Medical School.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>: had its <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">Medical School</a> founded by three surgeons, one of whom was <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Waterhouse" title="Benjamin Waterhouse">Benjamin Waterhouse</a>, an alumnus of Edinburgh Medical School.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a>: had its <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Medicine_and_Health_Sciences" title="McGill University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences">Faculty of Medicine</a> founded by four physicians, which included Edinburgh alumni <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fernando_Holmes" title="Andrew Fernando Holmes">Andrew Fernando Holmes</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Stephenson_(physician)" title="John Stephenson (physician)">John Stephenson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>: had its <a href="/wiki/Perelman_School_of_Medicine_at_the_University_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania">School of Medicine</a> founded by Edinburgh graduate <a href="/wiki/John_Morgan_(physician)" title="John Morgan (physician)">John Morgan</a>, who modelled it after Edinburgh Medical School.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>: had its academic syllabus and structure reformed along the lines of the University of Edinburgh and other Scottish universities by its sixth president <a href="/wiki/John_Witherspoon" title="John Witherspoon">John Witherspoon</a>, an Edinburgh theology graduate.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a>: founded in 1850 by Sir <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicholson" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Nicholson">Charles Nicholson</a>, a graduate of Edinburgh Medical School.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_William_%26_Mary" title="College of William & Mary">College of William & Mary</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_colleges" title="Colonial colleges">second-oldest college</a> in the US was founded in 1693 by Edinburgh graduate <a href="/wiki/James_Blair_(clergyman)" title="James Blair (clergyman)">James Blair</a>, who served as the college's founding president for fifty years.<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>: had its <a href="/wiki/Yale_School_of_Medicine" title="Yale School of Medicine">School of Medicine</a> co-founded by <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Smith_(physician,_born_1762)" title="Nathan Smith (physician, born 1762)">Nathan Smith</a>, an alumnus of Edinburgh Medical School.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campuses_and_buildings">Campuses and buildings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Campuses and buildings">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:402px"><div style="position:relative;width:400px;border:1px solid lightgray"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_United_Kingdom_Edinburgh.png" class="mw-file-description" title="University of Edinburgh is located in Edinburgh"><img alt="University of Edinburgh is located in Edinburgh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Location_map_United_Kingdom_Edinburgh.png/400px-Location_map_United_Kingdom_Edinburgh.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Location_map_United_Kingdom_Edinburgh.png/600px-Location_map_United_Kingdom_Edinburgh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Location_map_United_Kingdom_Edinburgh.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="699" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.65%;left:55.419%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><img alt="Central Area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/17px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/22px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:7px"><div style="background-color:khaki"><a href="#Central_Area">Central Area</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.869%;left:61.623%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><img alt="King's Buildings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/17px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/22px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:7px"><div style="background-color:khaki"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Buildings" title="King's Buildings">King's Buildings</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.638%;left:79.221%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><img alt="BioQuarter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/17px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/22px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:7px;left:-3em"><div style="background-color:khaki"><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_BioQuarter" title="Edinburgh BioQuarter">BioQuarter</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.481%;left:35.541%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><img alt="Western General" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/17px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/22px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div style="background-color:khaki"><a href="#Western_General">Western General</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.818%;left:59.584%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><img alt="Holyrood" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/17px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/22px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div style="background-color:khaki"><a href="#Holyrood">Holyrood</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.584%;left:64.024%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><img alt="Pollock Halls" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/17px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/22px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div style="background-color:khaki"><a href="/wiki/Pollock_Halls_of_Residence" title="Pollock Halls of Residence">Pollock Halls</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:97.969%;left:50.443%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px"><img alt="Easter Bush" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/15px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/23px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/30px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div style="background-color:khaki"><a href="#Easter_Bush">Easter Bush</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_United_Kingdom_Edinburgh.png" title="File:Location map United Kingdom Edinburgh.png">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Main locations of the University of Edinburgh. Easter Bush is located 7 miles south of the city.</div></div></div> The university has five main sites in Edinburgh:<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> <ul><li>Central Area</li> <li>King's Buildings</li> <li>BioQuarter</li> <li>Easter Bush</li> <li>Western General</li></ul> The university is responsible for several significant historic and modern buildings across the city, including <a href="/wiki/St_Cecilia%27s_Hall" title="St Cecilia's Hall">St Cecilia's Hall</a>, Scotland's oldest purpose-built <a href="/wiki/Concert_hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Concert hall">concert hall</a> and the second oldest in use in the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>;<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> Teviot Row House, the oldest purpose-built <a href="/wiki/Students%27_union" title="Students' union">students' union</a> building in the world;<a href="#cite_note-university_union-62">[61]</a> and the restored 17th-century Mylne's Court student residence at the head of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mile" title="Royal Mile">Royal Mile</a>.<a href="#cite_note-University_Heritage-15">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Area">Central Area</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Central Area">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_Library,_George_Square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Main_Library%2C_George_Square.jpg/220px-Main_Library%2C_George_Square.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Main_Library%2C_George_Square.jpg/330px-Main_Library%2C_George_Square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Main_Library%2C_George_Square.jpg/440px-Main_Library%2C_George_Square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Library" title="Edinburgh University Library">Main Library</a> viewed from <a href="/wiki/The_Meadows,_Edinburgh" title="The Meadows, Edinburgh">The Meadows</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_College,_University_of_Edinburgh_(24923171570).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Old_College%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%2824923171570%29.jpg/220px-Old_College%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%2824923171570%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Old_College%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%2824923171570%29.jpg/330px-Old_College%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%2824923171570%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Old_College%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%2824923171570%29.jpg/440px-Old_College%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%2824923171570%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Old_College,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Old College, University of Edinburgh">Old College</a> Quadrangle</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_College_Quad_Colorized.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Old_College_Quad_Colorized.png/220px-Old_College_Quad_Colorized.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Old_College_Quad_Colorized.png/330px-Old_College_Quad_Colorized.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Old_College_Quad_Colorized.png/440px-Old_College_Quad_Colorized.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/New_College,_University_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="New College, University of Edinburgh">New College</a></figcaption></figure> The Central Area is spread around numerous squares and streets in Edinburgh's Southside, with some buildings in Old Town. It is the university's oldest area, occupied primarily by the College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences and the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Informatics,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh">School of Informatics</a>. The highest concentration of university buildings is around <a href="/wiki/George_Square,_Edinburgh" title="George Square, Edinburgh">George Square</a>, which includes <a href="/wiki/40_George_Square" title="40 George Square">40 George Square</a> (formerly David Hume Tower), <a href="/wiki/Appleton_Tower" title="Appleton Tower">Appleton Tower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Library" title="Edinburgh University Library">Main Library</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Aikman_Lecture_Theatre" title="Gordon Aikman Lecture Theatre">Gordon Aikman Lecture Theatre</a>, the area's largest lecture hall. Around nearby <a href="/wiki/Bristo_Square" title="Bristo Square">Bristo Square</a> lie the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_School_of_Philosophy,_Psychology_and_Language_Sciences" title="University of Edinburgh School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences">Dugald Stewart Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Informatics_Forum" title="Informatics Forum">Informatics Forum</a>, <a href="/wiki/McEwan_Hall" title="McEwan Hall">McEwan Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potterrow_Student_Centre" title="Potterrow Student Centre">Potterrow Student Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teviot_Row_House" title="Teviot Row House">Teviot Row House</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_Medical_School#Teviot_Place" title="University of Edinburgh Medical School">old Medical School</a>, which still houses pre-clinical medical courses and biomedical sciences.<a href="#cite_note-Central_Area-45">[44]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Pleasance" title="The Pleasance">The Pleasance</a>, one of <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Students%27_Association" title="Edinburgh University Students' Association">Edinburgh University Students' Association</a>'s main buildings, is located nearby, as is <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_College_of_Art" title="Edinburgh College of Art">Edinburgh College of Art</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lauriston" title="Lauriston">Lauriston</a>. North of George Square lies the university's <a href="/wiki/Old_College,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Old College, University of Edinburgh">Old College</a> housing <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Law_School" title="Edinburgh Law School">Edinburgh Law School</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_College,_Edinburgh" title="New College, Edinburgh">New College</a> on <a href="/wiki/The_Mound" title="The Mound">The Mound</a> housing the School of Divinity, and <a href="/wiki/St_Cecilia%27s_Hall" title="St Cecilia's Hall">St Cecilia's Hall</a>. Some of these buildings are used to host events during the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Festival">Edinburgh International Festival</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe">Edinburgh Festival Fringe</a> every summer.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pollock_Halls">Pollock Halls</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pollock Halls">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pollock_Halls_of_Residence" title="Pollock Halls of Residence">Pollock Halls of Residence</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pollock_House_(39757100421).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pollock_House_%2839757100421%29.jpg/220px-Pollock_House_%2839757100421%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pollock_House_%2839757100421%29.jpg/330px-Pollock_House_%2839757100421%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pollock_House_%2839757100421%29.jpg/440px-Pollock_House_%2839757100421%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_Leonard%27s_Hall" title="St Leonard's Hall">St Leonard's Hall</a></figcaption></figure> Pollock Halls, adjoining <a href="/wiki/Holyrood_Park" title="Holyrood Park">Holyrood Park</a> to the east, is the university's largest residence hall for undergraduate students in their first year. The complex houses over 2,000 students during term time and consists of ten named buildings with communal green spaces between them.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> The two original buildings, <a href="/wiki/St_Leonard%27s_Hall" title="St Leonard's Hall">St Leonard's Hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Green" title="Salisbury Green">Salisbury Green</a>, were built in the 19th century, while the majority of Pollock Halls dates from the 1960s and early 2000s. Two of the older houses in Pollock Halls were demolished in 2002, and a new building, Chancellor's Court, was built in their place and opened in 2003. Self-catered flats elsewhere account for the majority of university-provided accommodation. The area also includes the John McIntyre Conference Centre opened in 2009, which is the university's premier conference space.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Holyrood">Holyrood</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Holyrood">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Moray_House_School_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Moray House School of Education">Moray House School of Education</a></div> The Holyrood campus, just off the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mile" title="Royal Mile">Royal Mile</a>, used to be the site for Moray House Institute for Education until it merged with the university on 1 August 1998.<a href="#cite_note-Moray_House-80">[79]</a> The university has since extended this campus.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> The buildings include redeveloped and extended Sports Science, Physical Education and Leisure Management facilities at St Leonard's Land linked to the Sports Institute in the <a href="/wiki/The_Pleasance_(street)" title="The Pleasance (street)">Pleasance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> The £80 million O'Shea Hall at Holyrood was named after the former principal of the university Sir <a href="/wiki/Timothy_O%27Shea" title="Timothy O'Shea">Timothy O'Shea</a> and was opened by <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Princess Anne</a> in 2017, providing a living and social environment for postgraduate students.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> The Outreach Centre, Institute for Academic Development (University Services Group), and Edinburgh Centre for Professional Legal Studies are also located at Holyrood.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="King's_Buildings">King's Buildings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: King's Buildings">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Buildings" title="King's Buildings">King's Buildings</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Observatory,_Edinburgh_complex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Royal_Observatory%2C_Edinburgh_complex.jpg/220px-Royal_Observatory%2C_Edinburgh_complex.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Royal_Observatory%2C_Edinburgh_complex.jpg/330px-Royal_Observatory%2C_Edinburgh_complex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Royal_Observatory%2C_Edinburgh_complex.jpg/440px-Royal_Observatory%2C_Edinburgh_complex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5836" data-file-height="3948" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Edinburgh" title="Royal Observatory, Edinburgh">Royal Observatory, Edinburgh</a></figcaption></figure> The King's Buildings campus is located in the south of the city. Most of the Science and Engineering College's research and teaching activities take place at the campus, which occupies a 35-hectare site. It includes the <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a> Building (for mobile phones and digital communications systems), <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a> Building (the administrative and teaching centre of the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Physics_and_Astronomy,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh">School of Physics and Astronomy</a> and School of Mathematics), <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Black" title="Joseph Black">Joseph Black</a> Building (home to the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Chemistry,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh">School of Chemistry</a>), <a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Edinburgh" title="Royal Observatory, Edinburgh">Royal Observatory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Swann" title="Michael Swann">Swann</a> Building (the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology), <a href="/wiki/C._H._Waddington" title="C. H. Waddington">Waddington</a> Building (the Centre for Systems Biology at Edinburgh), <a href="/wiki/William_Rankine" title="William Rankine">William Rankine</a> Building (School of Engineering's Institute for Infrastructure and Environment), and others.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> Until 2012, the KB campus was served by three libraries: Darwin Library, James Clerk Maxwell Library, and Robertson Engineering and Science Library. These were replaced by the Noreen and Kenneth Murray Library opened for the academic year 2012/13.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> The campus also hosts the National e-Science Centre (NeSC), <a href="/wiki/Scotland%27s_Rural_College" title="Scotland's Rural College">Scotland's Rural College</a> (SRUC), Scottish Institute for Enterprise (SIE), Scottish Microelectronics Centre (SMC), and Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BioQuarter">BioQuarter</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: BioQuarter">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_BioQuarter" title="Edinburgh BioQuarter">Edinburgh BioQuarter</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edinburgh_Research_Centre,_Royal_Infirmary_Edinburgh_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432992.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Edinburgh_Research_Centre%2C_Royal_Infirmary_Edinburgh_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432992.jpg/220px-Edinburgh_Research_Centre%2C_Royal_Infirmary_Edinburgh_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432992.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Edinburgh_Research_Centre%2C_Royal_Infirmary_Edinburgh_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432992.jpg/330px-Edinburgh_Research_Centre%2C_Royal_Infirmary_Edinburgh_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432992.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Edinburgh_Research_Centre%2C_Royal_Infirmary_Edinburgh_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432992.jpg/440px-Edinburgh_Research_Centre%2C_Royal_Infirmary_Edinburgh_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432992.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_BioQuarter" title="Edinburgh BioQuarter">Edinburgh BioQuarter</a></figcaption></figure> The BioQuarter campus, based in the Little France area, is home to the majority of medical facilities of the university, alongside the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. The campus houses the Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Regenerative_Medicine" title="Centre for Regenerative Medicine">Centre for Regenerative Medicine</a>, Chancellor's Building, <a href="/wiki/Euan_MacDonald_Centre" title="Euan MacDonald Centre">Euan MacDonald Centre</a>, and Queen's Medical Research Institute, which opened in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-BioQuarter-83">[82]</a> The Chancellor's Building has two large lecture theatres and a medical library connected to the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh by a series of corridors. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Easter_Bush">Easter Bush</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Easter Bush">edit</a>]</div> The Easter Bush campus, located seven miles south of the city, houses the Jeanne Marchig International Centre for Animal Welfare Education, <a href="/wiki/Roslin_Institute" title="Roslin Institute">Roslin Institute</a>, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, and Veterinary Oncology and Imaging Centre.<a href="#cite_note-Easter_Bush-95">[94]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Roslin_Institute" title="Roslin Institute">Roslin Institute</a> is an animal sciences research institute which is sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_and_Biological_Sciences_Research_Council" title="Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council">BBSRC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> The Institute won international fame in 1996, when its researchers Sir <a href="/wiki/Ian_Wilmut" title="Ian Wilmut">Ian Wilmut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Campbell_(biologist)" title="Keith Campbell (biologist)">Keith Campbell</a> and their colleagues created <a href="/wiki/Dolly_(sheep)" title="Dolly (sheep)">Dolly the sheep</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a> to be cloned from an adult cell.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> A year later <a href="/wiki/Polly_and_Molly" title="Polly and Molly">Polly and Molly</a> were cloned, both sheep contained a human gene.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_General">Western General</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Western General">edit</a>]</div> The Western General campus, in proximity to the <a href="/wiki/Western_General_Hospital" title="Western General Hospital">Western General Hospital</a>, contains the Biomedical Research Facility, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, and Institute of Genetics and Cancer (formerly the Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine). <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Modern architecture at the University of Edinburgh</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Appleton_Tower_(39773534912).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Appleton Tower"><img alt="Appleton Tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Appleton_Tower_%2839773534912%29.jpg/106px-Appleton_Tower_%2839773534912%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Appleton_Tower_%2839773534912%29.jpg/160px-Appleton_Tower_%2839773534912%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Appleton_Tower_%2839773534912%29.jpg/213px-Appleton_Tower_%2839773534912%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3449" data-file-height="5174" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Appleton_Tower" title="Appleton Tower">Appleton Tower</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Edinburgh_Architecture_-_The_University_of_Edinburgh_Business_School,_Buccleuch_Place_(geograph_2458971).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Business School"><img alt="Business School" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Edinburgh_Architecture_-_The_University_of_Edinburgh_Business_School%2C_Buccleuch_Place_%28geograph_2458971%29.jpg/165px-Edinburgh_Architecture_-_The_University_of_Edinburgh_Business_School%2C_Buccleuch_Place_%28geograph_2458971%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Edinburgh_Architecture_-_The_University_of_Edinburgh_Business_School%2C_Buccleuch_Place_%28geograph_2458971%29.jpg/248px-Edinburgh_Architecture_-_The_University_of_Edinburgh_Business_School%2C_Buccleuch_Place_%28geograph_2458971%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Edinburgh_Architecture_-_The_University_of_Edinburgh_Business_School%2C_Buccleuch_Place_%28geograph_2458971%29.jpg/330px-Edinburgh_Architecture_-_The_University_of_Edinburgh_Business_School%2C_Buccleuch_Place_%28geograph_2458971%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_Business_School" title="University of Edinburgh Business School">Business School</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Centre_for_Regenerative_Medicine,_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Centre for Regenerative Medicine"><img alt="Centre for Regenerative Medicine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Centre_for_Regenerative_Medicine%2C_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg/165px-Centre_for_Regenerative_Medicine%2C_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Centre_for_Regenerative_Medicine%2C_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg/248px-Centre_for_Regenerative_Medicine%2C_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Centre_for_Regenerative_Medicine%2C_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg/330px-Centre_for_Regenerative_Medicine%2C_University_of_Edinburgh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Regenerative_Medicine" title="Centre for Regenerative Medicine">Centre for Regenerative Medicine</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Erskine_Williamson_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Erskine Williamson Building, King's Buildings"><img alt="Erskine Williamson Building, King's Buildings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Erskine_Williamson_Building.jpg/165px-Erskine_Williamson_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Erskine_Williamson_Building.jpg/248px-Erskine_Williamson_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Erskine_Williamson_Building.jpg/330px-Erskine_Williamson_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="485" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Erskine_Douglas_Williamson" title="Erskine Douglas Williamson">Erskine Williamson</a> Building, <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Buildings" title="King's Buildings">King's Buildings</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Informatics_Forum_University_of_Edinburgh.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Informatics Forum, School of Informatics"><img alt="Informatics Forum, School of Informatics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Informatics_Forum_University_of_Edinburgh.JPG/165px-Informatics_Forum_University_of_Edinburgh.JPG" decoding="async" width="165" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Informatics_Forum_University_of_Edinburgh.JPG/248px-Informatics_Forum_University_of_Edinburgh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Informatics_Forum_University_of_Edinburgh.JPG/330px-Informatics_Forum_University_of_Edinburgh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Informatics_Forum" title="Informatics Forum">Informatics Forum</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_of_Informatics,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh">School of Informatics</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:No_Canter_Today_(geograph_6738087).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roslin Institute"><img alt="Roslin Institute" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/No_Canter_Today_%28geograph_6738087%29.jpg/165px-No_Canter_Today_%28geograph_6738087%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/No_Canter_Today_%28geograph_6738087%29.jpg/248px-No_Canter_Today_%28geograph_6738087%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/No_Canter_Today_%28geograph_6738087%29.jpg/330px-No_Canter_Today_%28geograph_6738087%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Roslin_Institute" title="Roslin Institute">Roslin Institute</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_Entrance,_Edinburgh_Royal_Infirmary_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432996.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, School of Medicine"><img alt="Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, School of Medicine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Main_Entrance%2C_Edinburgh_Royal_Infirmary_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432996.jpg/165px-Main_Entrance%2C_Edinburgh_Royal_Infirmary_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432996.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Main_Entrance%2C_Edinburgh_Royal_Infirmary_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432996.jpg/248px-Main_Entrance%2C_Edinburgh_Royal_Infirmary_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432996.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Main_Entrance%2C_Edinburgh_Royal_Infirmary_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432996.jpg/330px-Main_Entrance%2C_Edinburgh_Royal_Infirmary_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432996.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Infirmary_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh">Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_Medical_School" title="University of Edinburgh Medical School">School of Medicine</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_(Dick)_School_of_Veterinary_Studies_Main_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies"><img alt="Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Royal_%28Dick%29_School_of_Veterinary_Studies_Main_Building.jpg/165px-Royal_%28Dick%29_School_of_Veterinary_Studies_Main_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Royal_%28Dick%29_School_of_Veterinary_Studies_Main_Building.jpg/248px-Royal_%28Dick%29_School_of_Veterinary_Studies_Main_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Royal_%28Dick%29_School_of_Veterinary_Studies_Main_Building.jpg/330px-Royal_%28Dick%29_School_of_Veterinary_Studies_Main_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3578" data-file-height="2183" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Royal_(Dick)_School_of_Veterinary_Studies" title="Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies">Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation_and_administration">Organisation and administration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Organisation and administration">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governance">Governance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Governance">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ancient_university_governance_in_Scotland" title="Ancient university governance in Scotland">Ancient university governance in Scotland</a></div> In common with the other <a href="/wiki/Ancient_universities_of_Scotland" title="Ancient universities of Scotland">ancient universities of Scotland</a>, and in contrast to nearly all other pre-1992 universities which are established by <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charters</a>, the University of Edinburgh is constituted by the <a href="/wiki/Universities_(Scotland)_Acts_1858_to_1966" class="mw-redirect" title="Universities (Scotland) Acts 1858 to 1966">Universities (Scotland) Acts 1858 to 1966</a>. These acts provide for three major bodies in the governance of the university: the <a href="/wiki/University_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="University Court">University Court</a>, the <a href="/wiki/General_council_(Scottish_university)" title="General council (Scottish university)">General Council</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Academic_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic Senate">Senatus Academicus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Universities_Act-49">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="University_Court">University Court</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: University Court">edit</a>]</div> The University Court is the university's governing body and the <a href="/wiki/Legal_person" title="Legal person">legal person</a> of the university, chaired by the <a href="/wiki/Rector_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Rector of the University of Edinburgh">rector</a> and consisting of the principal, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Provost_of_Edinburgh" title="Lord Provost of Edinburgh">Lord Provost of Edinburgh</a>, and of <a href="/wiki/Assessor_(law)" title="Assessor (law)">Assessors</a> appointed by the rector, chancellor, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Town_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh Town Council">Edinburgh Town Council</a>, General Council, and Senatus Academicus. By the Universities (Scotland) Act 1889, it is a body corporate, with perpetual succession and a common seal. All property belonging to the university at the passing of the Act was vested in the Court.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> The present powers of the Court are further defined in the Universities (Scotland) Act 1966, including the administration and management of the university's revenue and property, the regulation of staff salaries, and the establishment and composition of committees of its own members or others. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="General_Council">General Council</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: General Council">edit</a>]</div> The General Council consists of <a href="/wiki/Alumnus" class="mw-redirect" title="Alumnus">graduates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academic_personnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic personnel">academic staff</a>, current and former University Court members. It was established to ensure that graduates have a continuing voice in the management of the university. The Council is required to meet twice per year to consider matters affecting the wellbeing and prosperity of the university. The Universities (Scotland) Act 1966 gave the Council the power to consider draft ordinances and resolutions, to be presented with an <a href="/wiki/Annual_report" title="Annual report">annual report</a> of the work and activities of the university, and to receive an audited <a href="/wiki/Financial_statement" title="Financial statement">financial statement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> The Council elects the chancellor of the university and three Assessors on the University Court. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Senatus_Academicus">Senatus Academicus</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Senatus Academicus">edit</a>]</div> The Senatus Academicus is the university's supreme academic body, chaired by the principal and consisting of the professors, heads of departments, and a number of <a href="/wiki/Reader_(academic_rank)" title="Reader (academic rank)">readers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principal_Lecturer" class="mw-redirect" title="Principal Lecturer">lecturers</a> and other teaching and research staff.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> The core function of the Senatus is to regulate and supervise the teaching and discipline of the university and to promote research. The Senatus elects four Assessors on the University Court. The Senatus meets three times per year, hosting a presentation and discussion session which is open to all members of staff at each meeting. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="University_officials">University officials</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: University officials">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh">Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_principals_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="List of principals of the University of Edinburgh">List of principals of the University of Edinburgh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rector_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Rector of the University of Edinburgh">Rector of the University of Edinburgh</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:137px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Princess_Anne_Wellington_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Princess_Anne_Wellington_2023.jpg/100px-Princess_Anne_Wellington_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Princess_Anne_Wellington_2023.jpg/150px-Princess_Anne_Wellington_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Princess_Anne_Wellington_2023.jpg/200px-Princess_Anne_Wellington_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="827" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Princess Anne</a>, current <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh">Chancellor</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:105px;max-width:105px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:137px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Mathieson_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Peter_Mathieson_2019.jpg/103px-Peter_Mathieson_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Peter_Mathieson_2019.jpg/155px-Peter_Mathieson_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Peter_Mathieson_2019.jpg/206px-Peter_Mathieson_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="529" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mathieson_(nephrologist)" title="Peter Mathieson (nephrologist)">Sir Peter Mathieson</a>, current <a href="/wiki/List_of_Principals_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Principals of the University of Edinburgh">Principal and Vice-Chancellor</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:179px;max-width:179px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:137px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Simon_Fanshawe_at_GED_conference.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Simon_Fanshawe_at_GED_conference.jpg/177px-Simon_Fanshawe_at_GED_conference.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Simon_Fanshawe_at_GED_conference.jpg/266px-Simon_Fanshawe_at_GED_conference.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Simon_Fanshawe_at_GED_conference.jpg/354px-Simon_Fanshawe_at_GED_conference.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1557" data-file-height="1209" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Fanshawe" title="Simon Fanshawe">Simon Fanshawe</a>, current <a href="/wiki/Rector_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Rector of the University of Edinburgh">Lord Rector</a></div></div></div></div></div> The university's three most significant officials are its chancellor, rector, and principal, whose rights and responsibilities are largely derived from the Universities (Scotland) Act 1858. The office of <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">chancellor</a> serves as the titular head and highest office of the university. Their duties include conferring degrees and enhancing the profile and reputation of the university on national and global levels.<a href="#cite_note-Chancellor-143">[142]</a> The chancellor is elected by the university's <a href="/wiki/General_council_(Scottish_university)" title="General council (Scottish university)">General Council</a>, and a person generally remains in the office for life. Previous chancellors include former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">prime minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a> and novelist Sir <a href="/wiki/J._M._Barrie" title="J. M. Barrie">J. M. Barrie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chancellor-143">[142]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Princess Anne</a> has held the position since March 2011 succeeding <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Princess_Anne-17">[16]</a> She is also Patron of the university's Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies. The <a href="/wiki/Principal_(academia)" title="Principal (academia)">principal</a> is responsible for the overall operation of the university in a <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive</a> role.<a href="#cite_note-Principal-144">[143]</a> The principal is formally nominated by the Curators of Patronage and appointed by the University Court. They are the President of the <a href="/wiki/Academic_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic Senate">Senatus Academicus</a> and a member of the University Court <a href="/wiki/Ex_officio_member" title="Ex officio member">ex officio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Principal-144">[143]</a> The principal is also automatically appointed vice-chancellor, in which role they confer degrees on behalf of the chancellor. Previous principals include physicist Sir <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Edward Appleton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religious_philosophy" title="Religious philosophy">religious philosopher</a> <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Sutherland,_Baron_Sutherland_of_Houndwood" title="Stewart Sutherland, Baron Sutherland of Houndwood">Stewart Sutherland</a>. The current principal is <a href="/wiki/Nephrology" title="Nephrology">nephrologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mathieson_(nephrologist)" title="Peter Mathieson (nephrologist)">Sir Peter Mathieson</a>, who has held the position since February 2018.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> The office of <a href="/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">rector</a> is elected every three years by the staff and matriculated students. The primary role of the rector is to preside at the University Court.<a href="#cite_note-Rector-146">[145]</a> The rector also chairs meetings of the General Council in absence of the chancellor. They work closely with students and <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Students%27_Association" title="Edinburgh University Students' Association">Edinburgh University Students' Association</a>. Previous rectors include <a href="/wiki/Microbiologist" title="Microbiologist">microbiologist</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a>, and former Prime Ministers Sir <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a>. The current rector is activist and writer <a href="/wiki/Simon_Fanshawe" title="Simon Fanshawe">Simon Fanshawe</a>, who has held the position since March 2024.<a href="#cite_note-Rector-146">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_schools">Colleges and schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Colleges and schools">edit</a>]</div> In 2002, the university was reorganised from its nine <a href="/wiki/Faculty_(division)" title="Faculty (division)">faculties</a> into three 'Colleges'.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> While technically not a <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_university" title="Collegiate university">collegiate university</a>, it comprises the Colleges of <a href="#Arts,_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences">Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences</a> (CAHSS), <a href="#Science_and_Engineering">Science & Engineering</a> (CSE) and <a href="#Medicine_and_Veterinary_Medicine">Medicine & Vet Medicine</a> (CMVM). Within these colleges are 'Schools', which either represent one academic discipline such as Informatics or assemble adjacent academic disciplines such as the School of History, Classics and Archaeology. While bound by College-level policies, individual Schools can differ in their organisation and governance. As of 2021, the university has 21 schools in total.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arts,_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences">Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_George_Watson%27s_Ladies_College,_George_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1350591.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Old_George_Watson%27s_Ladies_College%2C_George_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1350591.jpg/220px-Old_George_Watson%27s_Ladies_College%2C_George_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1350591.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Old_George_Watson%27s_Ladies_College%2C_George_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1350591.jpg/330px-Old_George_Watson%27s_Ladies_College%2C_George_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1350591.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Old_George_Watson%27s_Ladies_College%2C_George_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1350591.jpg/440px-Old_George_Watson%27s_Ladies_College%2C_George_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1350591.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption>Department of Psychology building at 7 <a href="/wiki/George_Square,_Edinburgh" title="George Square, Edinburgh">George Square</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edinburgh,_Teviot_Place,_University_Of_Edinburgh,_Medical_School,_New_Building_-_main_quad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Edinburgh%2C_Teviot_Place%2C_University_Of_Edinburgh%2C_Medical_School%2C_New_Building_-_main_quad.jpg/220px-Edinburgh%2C_Teviot_Place%2C_University_Of_Edinburgh%2C_Medical_School%2C_New_Building_-_main_quad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Edinburgh%2C_Teviot_Place%2C_University_Of_Edinburgh%2C_Medical_School%2C_New_Building_-_main_quad.jpg/330px-Edinburgh%2C_Teviot_Place%2C_University_Of_Edinburgh%2C_Medical_School%2C_New_Building_-_main_quad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Edinburgh%2C_Teviot_Place%2C_University_Of_Edinburgh%2C_Medical_School%2C_New_Building_-_main_quad.jpg/440px-Edinburgh%2C_Teviot_Place%2C_University_Of_Edinburgh%2C_Medical_School%2C_New_Building_-_main_quad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elsie_Inglis" title="Elsie Inglis">Elsie Inglis</a> Quad at the Old Medical School, currently hosting the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_School_of_History,_Classics_and_Archaeology" title="University of Edinburgh School of History, Classics and Archaeology">School of History, Classics and Archaeology</a></figcaption></figure> The College took on its current name of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences in 2016 after absorbing the Edinburgh College of Art in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> CAHSS offers more than 280 undergraduate degree programmes, 230 taught postgraduate programmes, and 200 research postgraduate programmes.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> Twenty subjects offered by the college were ranked within the top 10 nationally in the 2022 Complete University Guide.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> It includes the oldest English Literature department in Britain,<a href="#cite_note-Anniversary-35">[34]</a> which was ranked 7th globally in the 2021 <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a> Rankings by Subject in English Language & Literature.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> The college hosts Scotland's <a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Social_Research_Council" title="Economic and Social Research Council">ESRC</a> <a href="/wiki/Doctoral_Training_Centre" title="Doctoral Training Centre">Doctoral Training Centre</a> (DTC), the Scottish Graduate School of Social Science. The college is the largest of the three colleges by enrolment, with 26,130 students and 3,089 academic staff.<a href="#cite_note-HR_2021-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-Student_Figures_2020/21-6">[6]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_Business_School" title="University of Edinburgh Business School">Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_College_of_Art" title="Edinburgh College of Art">Edinburgh College of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moray_House_School_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Moray House School of Education">Moray House School of Education and Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_College,_Edinburgh" title="New College, Edinburgh">School of Divinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_School_of_Economics" title="University of Edinburgh School of Economics">School of Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_School_of_Health_in_Social_Science" title="University of Edinburgh School of Health in Social Science">School of Health in Social Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_School_of_History,_Classics_and_Archaeology" title="University of Edinburgh School of History, Classics and Archaeology">School of History, Classics and Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Law_School" title="Edinburgh Law School">School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_School_of_Literatures,_Languages_and_Cultures" title="University of Edinburgh School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures">School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_School_of_Philosophy,_Psychology_and_Language_Sciences" title="University of Edinburgh School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences">School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_School_of_Social_and_Political_Science" title="University of Edinburgh School of Social and Political Science">School of Social and Political Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Open_Learning,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Centre for Open Learning, University of Edinburgh">Centre for Open Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Futures_Institute" title="Edinburgh Futures Institute">Edinburgh Futures Institute</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Medicine_and_Veterinary_Medicine">Medicine and Veterinary Medicine</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Medicine and Veterinary Medicine">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_College_of_Medicine_and_Veterinary_Medicine" title="University of Edinburgh College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine">University of Edinburgh College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Members_of_the_medical_faculty_at_Edinburgh_University,_gath_Wellcome_M0010552.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Members_of_the_medical_faculty_at_Edinburgh_University%2C_gath_Wellcome_M0010552.jpg/220px-Members_of_the_medical_faculty_at_Edinburgh_University%2C_gath_Wellcome_M0010552.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Members_of_the_medical_faculty_at_Edinburgh_University%2C_gath_Wellcome_M0010552.jpg/330px-Members_of_the_medical_faculty_at_Edinburgh_University%2C_gath_Wellcome_M0010552.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Members_of_the_medical_faculty_at_Edinburgh_University%2C_gath_Wellcome_M0010552.jpg/440px-Members_of_the_medical_faculty_at_Edinburgh_University%2C_gath_Wellcome_M0010552.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3660" data-file-height="2860" /></a><figcaption>Members of the medical faculty at Edinburgh in the first half of the 19th century. Seated (L–R): <a href="/wiki/James_Young_Simpson" title="James Young Simpson">J. Y. Simpson</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Miller_(surgeon)" title="James Miller (surgeon)">J. Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hutton_Balfour" title="John Hutton Balfour">J. H. Balfour</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Hughes_Bennett" title="John Hughes Bennett">J. H. Bennett</a>. Standing (L–R): <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jameson" title="Robert Jameson">R. Jameson</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Alison" title="William Alison">W. Alison</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stewart_Traill" title="Thomas Stewart Traill">T. S. Traill</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh Medical School">Edinburgh Medical School</a> was widely considered the best medical school in the English-speaking world throughout the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century and contributed significantly to the university's international reputation.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> Its graduates founded medical schools all over the world, including at five of the seven <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> universities (<a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Vagelos_College_of_Physicians_and_Surgeons" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons">Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geisel_School_of_Medicine" title="Geisel School of Medicine">Dartmouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">Harvard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perelman_School_of_Medicine_at_the_University_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yale_School_of_Medicine" title="Yale School of Medicine">Yale</a>); those in <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Medicine_and_Health_Sciences" title="McGill University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences">McGill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al_Faculty_of_Medicine" title="Université de Montréal Faculty of Medicine">Montréal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Medical_School" title="Sydney Medical School">Sydney</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Larner_College_of_Medicine" title="Robert Larner College of Medicine">Vermont</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Postgraduate_Medical_School" title="Royal Postgraduate Medical School">Royal Postgraduate Medical School</a> (now part of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_School_of_Medicine" title="Imperial College School of Medicine">Imperial College London</a>), <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_Hospital" title="Middlesex Hospital">Middlesex Hospital</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Medicine_for_Women" title="London School of Medicine for Women">London School of Medicine for Women</a> (both now part of <a href="/wiki/UCL_Medical_School" title="UCL Medical School">UCL</a>). In the 21st century, the medical school has continued to excel, and it is associated with 13 Nobel Prize recipients: seven recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> and six of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> In 2021, it was ranked third in the UK by <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> University Guide,<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> and the Complete University Guide. In 2022, it was ranked the UK's best medical school by the <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">Guardian</a> University Guide,<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> It also ranked 21st in the world by both the <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">Times Higher Education World University Rankings</a> and the <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a> in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_(Dick)_School_of_Veterinary_Studies" title="Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies">Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies</a> is a world leader in veterinary education, research and practice. The eight original faculties formed four Faculty Groups in August 1992. Medicine and Veterinary Medicine became one of these, and in 2002 became the smallest of the three colleges, with 7,740 students and 1,896 academic staff.<a href="#cite_note-HR_2021-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-Student_Figures_2020/21-6">[6]</a> The university's teaching hospitals include the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Infirmary_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh">Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_General_Hospital" title="Western General Hospital">Western General Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Hospital,_Livingston" title="St John's Hospital, Livingston">St John's Hospital, Livingston</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Lothian_Community_Hospital" title="East Lothian Community Hospital">Roodlands Hospital</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Hospital_for_Children_and_Young_People" title="Royal Hospital for Children and Young People">Royal Hospital for Children and Young People</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Science_and_Engineering">Science and Engineering</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Science and Engineering">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_College_of_Science_and_Engineering" title="University of Edinburgh College of Science and Engineering">University of Edinburgh College of Science and Engineering</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GeoScience_Buildings_(32812893640).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/GeoScience_Buildings_%2832812893640%29.jpg/220px-GeoScience_Buildings_%2832812893640%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/GeoScience_Buildings_%2832812893640%29.jpg/330px-GeoScience_Buildings_%2832812893640%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/GeoScience_Buildings_%2832812893640%29.jpg/440px-GeoScience_Buildings_%2832812893640%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4230" data-file-height="3194" /></a><figcaption>Old Surgical Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Drummond_Street,_Edinburgh" title="Drummond Street, Edinburgh">Drummond Street</a>, once part of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Infirmary_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh">Royal Infirmary</a>, today houses the university's Institute of Geography.</figcaption></figure> In the 16th century, science was taught as "<a href="/wiki/Natural_philosophy" title="Natural philosophy">natural philosophy</a>" in the university. The 17th century saw the institution of the University Chairs of Mathematics and Botany, followed the next century by Chairs of Natural History, Astronomy, Chemistry and Agriculture. It was Edinburgh's professors who took a leading part in the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Society of Edinburgh">Royal Society of Edinburgh</a> in 1783. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Black" title="Joseph Black">Joseph Black</a>, Professor of Medicine and Chemistry at the time, founded the world's first Chemical Society in 1785.<a href="#cite_note-cse-165">[164]</a> The first named degrees of Bachelor and Doctor of Science was instituted in 1864, and a separate Faculty of Science was created in 1893 after three centuries of scientific advances at Edinburgh.<a href="#cite_note-cse-165">[164]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Regius_Professor_of_Engineering_(Edinburgh)" title="Regius Professor of Engineering (Edinburgh)">Regius Chair in Engineering</a> was established in 1868, and the Regius Chair in Geology in 1871. In 1991 the Faculty of Science was renamed the Faculty of Science and Engineering, and in 2002 it became the College of Science and Engineering. The college has 11,745 students and 2,937 academic staff.<a href="#cite_note-HR_2021-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-Student_Figures_2020/21-6">[6]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_School_of_Biological_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Edinburgh School of Biological Sciences">School of Biological Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_School_of_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Edinburgh School of Chemistry">School of Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=School_of_Engineerin,_University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="School of Engineerin, University of Edinburgh (page does not exist)">School of Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_School_of_GeoSciences" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Edinburgh School of GeoSciences">School of GeoSciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_School_of_Informatics" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Edinburgh School of Informatics">School of Informatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Mathematics,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh">School of Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_School_of_Physics_and_Astronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Edinburgh School of Physics and Astronomy">School of Physics and Astronomy</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sub-units,_centres_and_institutes">Sub-units, centres and institutes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sub-units, centres and institutes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edinburgh_-_Chambers_Street_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Edinburgh_-_Chambers_Street_05.JPG/220px-Edinburgh_-_Chambers_Street_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Edinburgh_-_Chambers_Street_05.JPG/330px-Edinburgh_-_Chambers_Street_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Edinburgh_-_Chambers_Street_05.JPG/440px-Edinburgh_-_Chambers_Street_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Minto House, housing the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_School_of_Architecture_and_Landscape_Architecture" title="Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture">School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Readaptation_of_Edinburgh_Futures_Institute,_north_elevation,_May_2024_by_McPhail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Readaptation_of_Edinburgh_Futures_Institute%2C_north_elevation%2C_May_2024_by_McPhail.jpg/220px-Readaptation_of_Edinburgh_Futures_Institute%2C_north_elevation%2C_May_2024_by_McPhail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Readaptation_of_Edinburgh_Futures_Institute%2C_north_elevation%2C_May_2024_by_McPhail.jpg/330px-Readaptation_of_Edinburgh_Futures_Institute%2C_north_elevation%2C_May_2024_by_McPhail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Readaptation_of_Edinburgh_Futures_Institute%2C_north_elevation%2C_May_2024_by_McPhail.jpg/440px-Readaptation_of_Edinburgh_Futures_Institute%2C_north_elevation%2C_May_2024_by_McPhail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1468" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Futures_Institute" title="Edinburgh Futures Institute">Edinburgh Futures Institute</a> in the restored <a href="/wiki/Royal_Infirmary_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh">Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh</a></figcaption></figure> Some subunits, centres and institutes within the university are listed as follows:<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_Applications_Institute" title="Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute">Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute</a> (AIAI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayes_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayes Centre">Bayes Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_the_History_of_the_Book" title="Centre for the History of the Book">Centre for the History of the Book</a> (CHB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Regenerative_Medicine" title="Centre for Regenerative Medicine">Centre for Regenerative Medicine</a> (CRM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_the_Study_of_World_Christianity" title="Centre for the Study of World Christianity">Centre for the Study of World Christianity</a> (CSWC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Theology_and_Public_Issues" title="Centre for Theology and Public Issues">Centre for Theology and Public Issues</a> (CTPI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Curation_Centre" title="Digital Curation Centre">Digital Curation Centre</a> (DCC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Cancer_Research_Centre" title="Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre">Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre</a> (ECRC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Dental_Institute" title="Edinburgh Dental Institute">Edinburgh Dental Institute</a> (EDI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Futures_Institute" title="Edinburgh Futures Institute">Edinburgh Futures Institute</a> (EFI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Parallel_Computing_Centre" title="Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre">Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre</a> (EPCC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_School_of_Architecture_and_Landscape_Architecture" title="Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture">Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture</a> (ESALA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euan_MacDonald_Centre" title="Euan MacDonald Centre">Euan MacDonald Centre</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://higgs.ph.ed.ac.uk/">Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Humanities" title="Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities">Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities</a> (IASH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Centre_for_Mathematical_Sciences" title="International Centre for Mathematical Sciences">International Centre for Mathematical Sciences</a> (ICMS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Study_of_Science,_Technology_and_Innovation" title="Institute for the Study of Science, Technology and Innovation">Institute for the Study of Science, Technology and Innovation</a> (ISSTI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koestler_Parapsychology_Unit" title="Koestler Parapsychology Unit">Koestler Parapsychology Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_for_Foundations_of_Computer_Science" title="Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science">Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science</a> (LFCS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRC_Human_Genetics_Unit" title="MRC Human Genetics Unit">MRC Human Genetics Unit</a> (MRC HGU)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/inflammation-research">MRC Centre for Inflammation Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_Studies,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Nursing Studies, University of Edinburgh">Nursing Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslin_Institute" title="Roslin Institute">Roslin Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/salvesen-research">Salvesen Mindroom Research Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Scottish_Studies" title="School of Scottish Studies">Scottish Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Centre_for_Astrobiology" title="UK Centre for Astrobiology">UK Centre for Astrobiology</a> (UKCA)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/usher">Usher Institute</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Staff,_community_and_networking">Staff, community and networking</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Staff, community and networking">edit</a>]</div> In June 2024, the University employed over 12,390 <a href="/wiki/Full_time_equivalent" class="mw-redirect" title="Full time equivalent">full time equivalent</a> staff, an increase of 508 over the previous year:<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="#Arts,_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences">College of Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences</a> </td> <td><div style="text-align: right;">2,949</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#Medicine_and_Veterinary_Medicine">College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine</a> </td> <td><div style="text-align: right;">2,983</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#Science_and_Engineering">College of Science & Engineering</a> </td> <td><div style="text-align: right;">2,735</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Corporate Services Group </td> <td><div style="text-align: right;">2,281</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Information Services Group </td> <td><div style="text-align: right;">733</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>University Secretaries Group </td> <td><div style="text-align: right;">713</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>University of Edinburgh Total: </td> <td><div style="text-align: right;">12,394</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> As part of the university's support for researchers,<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> each College has Research Staff Societies that include <a href="/wiki/Postdoctoral_researcher" title="Postdoctoral researcher">postdoc</a> societies, and organisations specific to each school.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> Cross-curricula Research Networks bring together researchers working on similar topics.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Derek_Williams_(right)_holding_Edinburgh_University_Staff_Pride_Network_banner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Derek_Williams_%28right%29_holding_Edinburgh_University_Staff_Pride_Network_banner.jpg/220px-Derek_Williams_%28right%29_holding_Edinburgh_University_Staff_Pride_Network_banner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Derek_Williams_%28right%29_holding_Edinburgh_University_Staff_Pride_Network_banner.jpg/330px-Derek_Williams_%28right%29_holding_Edinburgh_University_Staff_Pride_Network_banner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Derek_Williams_%28right%29_holding_Edinburgh_University_Staff_Pride_Network_banner.jpg/440px-Derek_Williams_%28right%29_holding_Edinburgh_University_Staff_Pride_Network_banner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Staff Pride Network banner Pride Edinburgh parade, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-SPN-171">[170]</a></figcaption></figure> Independently of the College hierarchy, aligned with the university's <a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">EDI</a> policy,<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> eight Staff Networks bring together and represent diverse staff groups:<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_movement" title="Disability rights movement">Disabled</a> Staff Network<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a></li> <li>Staff <a href="/wiki/Classification_of_ethnicity_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom">BAME</a> Network<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a></li> <li>Edinburgh <a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Racism in the United Kingdom">Race Equality</a> Network<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Jewish</a> Staff Network<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a></li> <li>Staff <a href="/wiki/LGBT_pride" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT pride">Pride</a> Network<a href="#cite_note-SPN-171">[170]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_and_College_Union" title="University and College Union">University & College Unions</a> incorporating the national academic union<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> and the in-house Edinburgh University Union<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a></li> <li>Long-term Research Staff Network<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a></li> <li>Support for Technicians<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> and Steering Committee<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Industrial_action">Industrial action</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Industrial action">edit</a>]</div> Staff at the university engaged in the sector-wide <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932023_UK_higher_education_strikes" class="mw-redirect" title="2018–2023 UK higher education strikes">2018–2023 UK higher education strikes</a> called by the University and College Union over disputes regarding <a href="/wiki/Universities_Superannuation_Scheme" title="Universities Superannuation Scheme">USS pensions</a>, pay, and working conditions. A Marking and Assessment Boycott<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> that commenced on 20 April 2023<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> was called off on 6 September 2023.<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> However, the UCU voted to continue strike action throughout the rest of September.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_profile">Academic profile</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Academic profile">edit</a>]</div> The university is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a> of research-led British universities, and the <a href="/wiki/Sutton_13" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutton 13">Sutton 13</a> group of top-ranked universities in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> It is the only British university to be a member of both the <a href="/wiki/Coimbra_Group" title="Coimbra Group">Coimbra Group</a> and the <a href="/wiki/League_of_European_Research_Universities" title="League of European Research Universities">League of European Research Universities</a>, and it is a founding member of <a href="/wiki/Una_Europa" title="Una Europa">Una Europa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Universitas_21" title="Universitas 21">Universitas 21</a>, both international associations of research-intensive universities.<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> The university maintains historically strong ties with the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Heriot-Watt_University" title="Heriot-Watt University">Heriot-Watt University</a> for teaching and research. Edinburgh also offers a wide range of free online <a href="/wiki/Massive_open_online_course" title="Massive open online course">MOOC</a> courses on three global platforms <a href="/wiki/Coursera" title="Coursera">Coursera</a>, <a href="/wiki/EdX" title="EdX">Edx</a> and <a href="/wiki/FutureLearn" title="FutureLearn">FutureLearn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Admissions">Admissions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Admissions">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;"> <caption>Undergraduate admission statistics<a href="#cite_note-admissions-16">[15]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>2023 </th> <th>2022 </th> <th>2021 </th> <th>2020 </th> <th>2019 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Applications </td> <td>69,377 </td> <td>75,438 </td> <td>68,954 </td> <td>62,220 </td> <td>60,983 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Offers </td> <td>27,608 </td> <td>25,210 </td> <td>32,432 </td> <td>31,510 </td> <td>27,878 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Offer Rate (%) </td> <td>39.8 </td> <td>33.0 </td> <td>47.0 </td> <td>50.6 </td> <td>45.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Enrolls </td> <td>6,409 </td> <td>6,111 </td> <td>8,083 </td> <td>7,344 </td> <td>6,346 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yield_(college_admissions)" title="Yield (college admissions)">Yield (%)</a> </td> <td>23.2 </td> <td>24.2 </td> <td>24.9 </td> <td>23.3 </td> <td>22.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Applicant/Enrolled Ratio </td> <td>10.82 </td> <td>12.34 </td> <td>8.53 </td> <td>8.47 </td> <td>9.61 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UCAS_Tariff" title="UCAS Tariff">Average Entry Tariff</a><a href="#cite_note-UCAS_tariff-192">[191]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>197 </td> <td>190 </td> <td>186 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible mw-collapsible" style="font-size:85%; text-align:right;"> <caption class="nowrap">HESA Student Body Composition </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Domicile<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> and Ethnicity<a href="#cite_note-HESA_ethnicity-194">[193]</a> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">British White</a> </td> <td align="right">47% </td> <td align="left">47<div style="width:94px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:red"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_ethnicity_in_the_United_Kingdom#Collective_terms_for_minority_ethnic_groups" title="Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom">British Ethnic Minorities</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[b]</a> </td> <td align="right">9% </td> <td align="left">9<div style="width:18px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">International EU</a> </td> <td align="right">9% </td> <td align="left">9<div style="width:18px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:blue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_students_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="International students in the United Kingdom">International Non-EU</a> </td> <td align="right">35% </td> <td align="left">35<div style="width:70px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" data-sort-type="number">Undergraduate <a href="/wiki/Widening_participation" title="Widening participation">Widening Participation</a> Indicators<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-Times23-197">[195]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_Kingdom#Education" title="Feminism in the United Kingdom">Female</a> </td> <td align="right">61% </td> <td align="left">61<div style="width:122px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Private_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Private schools in the United Kingdom">Private School</a> </td> <td align="right">36% </td> <td align="left">36<div style="width:72px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:orange"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Low Participation Areas<a href="#cite_note-198">[c]</a> </td> <td align="right">9% </td> <td align="left">9<div style="width:18px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:black"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> In 2021, the University of Edinburgh had the seventh-highest average entry standards amongst universities in the UK, with new undergraduates averaging 197 <a href="/wiki/UCAS_Tariff" title="UCAS Tariff">UCAS points</a>, equivalent to just above AAAA in <a href="/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="GCE Advanced Level (United Kingdom)">A-level</a> grades.<a href="#cite_note-UCAS_tariff-192">[191]</a> It gave offers of admission to 33% of its 18 year old applicants in 2022, the fourth-lowest amongst the <a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a> In 2022, excluding courses within <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_College_of_Art" title="Edinburgh College of Art">Edinburgh College of Art</a>, the most competitive courses for Scottish applicants were Oral Health Science (9%), Business (11%), Philosophy & Psychology (14%), Social Work (15%), and International Business (15%).<a href="#cite_note-200">[197]</a> For students from the rest of the UK, the most competitive courses were Nursing (5%), Medicine (6%), Veterinary Medicine (6%), Psychology (8%), and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_politics_and_economics" title="Philosophy, politics and economics">Politics, Philosophy and Economics</a> (10%).<a href="#cite_note-201">[198]</a> For international students, the most competitive courses were Medicine (5%), Nursing (7%), Business (11%), Politics, Philosophy and Economics (12%), and Sociology (13%).<a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a> For the academic year 2019/20, 36.8% of Edinburgh's new undergraduates were <a href="/wiki/Independent_school_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent school (United Kingdom)">privately educated</a>, the second-highest proportion among mainstream British universities, behind only <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[200]</a> As of August 2021, it has a higher proportion of female than male students with a male to female ratio of 38:62 in the undergraduate population, and the undergraduate student body is composed of 30% Scottish students, 32% from the rest of the UK, 10% from the EU, and 28% from outside the EU.<a href="#cite_note-Student_Figures_2020/21-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graduation">Graduation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Graduation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Academic dress of the University of Edinburgh">Academic dress of the University of Edinburgh</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edinburgh_Graduation_Ceremony_(21492219015).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Edinburgh_Graduation_Ceremony_%2821492219015%29.jpg/220px-Edinburgh_Graduation_Ceremony_%2821492219015%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Edinburgh_Graduation_Ceremony_%2821492219015%29.jpg/330px-Edinburgh_Graduation_Ceremony_%2821492219015%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Edinburgh_Graduation_Ceremony_%2821492219015%29.jpg/440px-Edinburgh_Graduation_Ceremony_%2821492219015%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4675" data-file-height="3540" /></a><figcaption>Edinburgh graduation ceremony in the <a href="/wiki/McEwan_Hall" title="McEwan Hall">McEwan Hall</a></figcaption></figure> At graduation ceremonies, graduates are being 'capped' with the Geneva bonnet, which involves the university's principal tapping them on the head with the cap while they receive their graduation certificate.<a href="#cite_note-Edinburgh_Graduations-204">[201]</a> The velvet-and-silk hat has been used for over 150 years, and legend says that it was originally made from cloth taken from the breeches of 16th-century scholars <a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">John Knox</a> or <a href="/wiki/George_Buchanan" title="George Buchanan">George Buchanan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[202]</a> However, when the hat was last restored in the early 2000s, a label dated 1849 was discovered bearing the name of Edinburgh tailor Henry Banks, although some doubt remains whether he manufactured or restored the hat.<a href="#cite_note-Edinburgh_Graduations-204">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[203]</a> In 2006, a university emblem that had been taken into space by astronaut and Edinburgh graduate <a href="/wiki/Piers_Sellers" title="Piers Sellers">Piers Sellers</a> was incorporated into the Geneva bonnet.<a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Library_system">Library system</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Library system">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Library" title="Edinburgh University Library">Edinburgh University Library</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Playfair_Library,_Old_College,_University_of_Edinburgh_(30093147677).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Playfair_Library%2C_Old_College%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%2830093147677%29.jpg/220px-Playfair_Library%2C_Old_College%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%2830093147677%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Playfair_Library%2C_Old_College%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%2830093147677%29.jpg/330px-Playfair_Library%2C_Old_College%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%2830093147677%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Playfair_Library%2C_Old_College%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%2830093147677%29.jpg/440px-Playfair_Library%2C_Old_College%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%2830093147677%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5905" data-file-height="3584" /></a><figcaption>Playfair Library Hall in <a href="/wiki/Old_College,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Old College, University of Edinburgh">Old College</a></figcaption></figure> Pre-dating the university by three years, Edinburgh University Library was founded in 1580 through the donation of a large collection by Clement Litill, and today is the largest academic library collection in Scotland.<a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Brutalist_architecture" title="Brutalist architecture">Brutalist</a> style eight-storey Main Library building in <a href="/wiki/George_Square,_Edinburgh" title="George Square, Edinburgh">George Square</a> was designed by Sir <a href="/wiki/Basil_Spence" title="Basil Spence">Basil Spence</a>. At the time of its completion in 1967, it was the largest building of its type in the UK, and today is a <a href="/wiki/Category_B_listed_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Category B listed building">category A listed building</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a> The library system also includes many specialised libraries at the college and school level.<a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exchange_programmes">Exchange programmes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Exchange programmes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agreement_between_Peking_University_and_Edinburgh_University_(7084194833).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Agreement_between_Peking_University_and_Edinburgh_University_%287084194833%29.jpg/220px-Agreement_between_Peking_University_and_Edinburgh_University_%287084194833%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Agreement_between_Peking_University_and_Edinburgh_University_%287084194833%29.jpg/330px-Agreement_between_Peking_University_and_Edinburgh_University_%287084194833%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Agreement_between_Peking_University_and_Edinburgh_University_%287084194833%29.jpg/440px-Agreement_between_Peking_University_and_Edinburgh_University_%287084194833%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption>The former principal Sir <a href="/wiki/Timothy_O%27Shea" title="Timothy O'Shea">Timothy O'Shea</a> signed an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</a> in 2012.</figcaption></figure> The university offers students the opportunity to study in Europe and beyond via the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Erasmus%2B" title="Erasmus+">Erasmus+</a> programme<a href="#cite_note-213">[d]</a> and a variety of international exchange agreements with around 300 partners institutions in nearly 40 countries worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a> University-wide exchanges are open to almost any student whose degree permits a year abroad and who can find a suitable course combination. The list of partner institutions is shown as follows (part of):<a href="#cite_note-Exchange_destinations-215">[211]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fudan_University" title="Fudan University">Fudan University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hong_Kong" title="University of Hong Kong">University of Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seoul_National_University" title="Seoul National University">Seoul National University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">National University of Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Technological_University" title="Nanyang Technological University">Nanyang Technological University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">University of Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen" title="University of Copenhagen">University of Copenhagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Helsinki" title="University of Helsinki">University of Helsinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lund_University" title="Lund University">Lund University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sciences_Po" title="Sciences Po">Sciences Po</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">University College Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Autonomous_University_of_Mexico" title="National Autonomous University of Mexico">National Autonomous University of Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Chile" title="Pontifical Catholic University of Chile">Pontifical Catholic University of Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="University of São Paulo">University of São Paulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_America" title="Northern America">Northern America</a>: <a href="/wiki/Boston_College" title="Boston College">Boston College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barnard_College_of_Columbia_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnard College of Columbia University">Barnard College of Columbia University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> (except for <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Merced" title="University of California, Merced">Merced</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Francisco" title="University of California, San Francisco">San Francisco</a>),<a href="#cite_note-216">[212]</a> <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">Caltech</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a>, <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a></li></ul> Subject-specific exchanges are open to students studying in particular schools or subject areas, including exchange programmes with <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecole_du_Louvre" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecole du Louvre">Ecole du Louvre</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_de_Lausanne" title="École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne">EPFL</a>, <a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" title="ETH Zurich">ETH Zurich</a>, <a href="/wiki/ESSEC_Business_School" title="ESSEC Business School">ESSEC Business School</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_(Paris)" title="École normale supérieure (Paris)">ENS Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/HEC_Paris" title="HEC Paris">HEC Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">Humboldt University of Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karolinska_Institute" title="Karolinska Institute">Karolinska Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_University" title="Kyoto University">Kyoto University</a>, <a href="/wiki/LMU_Munich" class="mw-redirect" title="LMU Munich">LMU Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_School_of_Design" title="Rhode Island School of Design">Rhode Island School of Design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_University" title="Sorbonne University">Sorbonne University</a>, <a href="/wiki/TU_M%C3%BCnchen" class="mw-redirect" title="TU München">TU München</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waseda_University" title="Waseda University">Waseda University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wharton_School_of_the_University_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania">Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania</a>, and others.<a href="#cite_note-Exchange_destinations-215">[211]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rankings_and_reputation">Rankings and reputation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Rankings and reputation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings">Rankings</a></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">National rankings</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#The_Complete_University_Guide" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Complete</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-Complete_League_Table-217">[213]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#The_Guardian" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Guardian</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian_University_Guide-218">[214]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#The_Times/The_Sunday_Times" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Times / Sunday Times</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-The_Times_and_Sunday_Times_University_Guide-219">[215]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">17=</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;">Global rankings</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a> (2024)<a href="#cite_note-Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities-220">[216]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">40</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-QS_World_University_Rankings-221">[217]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">27</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-THE_World_University_Rankings-222">[218]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">29</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edinburgh_10_Years.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Edinburgh_10_Years.png/260px-Edinburgh_10_Years.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Edinburgh_10_Years.png/390px-Edinburgh_10_Years.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Edinburgh_10_Years.png/520px-Edinburgh_10_Years.png 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption>University of Edinburgh's <a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">national league table</a> performance over the past ten years</figcaption></figure> In the 2021 <a href="/wiki/Research_Excellence_Framework" title="Research Excellence Framework">Research Excellence Framework</a> (REF), which evaluated work produced between 2014 and 2021, Edinburgh ranked 4th by research power and 15th by GPA amongst British universities.<a href="#cite_note-223">[219]</a> The university fell four places in GPA when compared to the 2014 REF, but retained its place in research power.<a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a> 90 per cent of the university's research activity was judged to be 'world leading' (4*) or 'internationally excellent' (3*), and five departments – Computer Science, Informatics, Sociology, Anthropology, and Development Studies – were ranked as the best in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-225">[221]</a> In the 2015 THE Global Employability University Ranking, Edinburgh ranked 23rd in the world and 4th in the UK for graduate employability as voted by international recruiters.<a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a> A 2015 government report found that Edinburgh was one of only two Scottish universities (along with <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">St Andrews</a>) that some London-based elite recruitment firms considered applicants from, especially in the field of financial services and investment banking.<a href="#cite_note-227">[223]</a> When <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> ranked universities based on the employability of graduates as evaluated by recruiters from top companies in 20 countries in 2012, Edinburgh was placed at 42nd in the world and 7th in Britain.<a href="#cite_note-228">[224]</a> Edinburgh was ranked 24th in the world and 5th in the UK by the 2021 <a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings#Aggregate_Ranking_of_Top_Universities" title="College and university rankings">Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities</a>, a league table based on the three major world university rankings, <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a>, <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-229">[225]</a> In the 2022 <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Global_University_Ranking" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking">U.S. News & World Report</a>, Edinburgh ranked 32nd globally and 5th nationally.<a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a> The 2022 <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_Reputation_Rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings">World Reputation Rankings</a> placed Edinburgh at 32nd worldwide and 5th nationwide.<a href="#cite_note-:0-231">[227]</a> In 2023, it ranked 73rd amongst the universities around the world by the <a href="/wiki/SCImago_Institutions_Rankings" title="SCImago Institutions Rankings">SCImago Institutions Rankings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-232">[228]</a> The disparity between Edinburgh's research capacity, <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_endowment" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom by endowment">endowment</a> and international status on the one hand, and its ranking in national league tables on the other, is largely due to the impact of measures of 'student satisfaction'.<a href="#cite_note-233">[229]</a> Edinburgh was ranked last in the UK for teaching quality in the 2012 <a href="/wiki/National_Student_Survey" title="National Student Survey">National Student Survey</a>,<a href="#cite_note-234">[230]</a> with the 2015 <a href="/wiki/Times_Good_University_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Times Good University Guide">Good University Guide</a> stating that this stemmed from "questions to do with the promptness, usefulness and extent of academic feedback", and that the university "still has a long way to go to turn around a poor position".<a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a> Edinburgh improved only marginally over the next years, with the 2021 Good University Guide still ranking it in the bottom 10 domestically in both teaching quality and student experience.<a href="#cite_note-236">[232]</a> Edinburgh was ranked 122nd out of 128 universities for student satisfaction in the 2022 <a href="/wiki/The_Complete_University_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="The Complete University Guide">Complete University Guide</a>, although it was ranked 12th overall.<a href="#cite_note-Complete_University_Guide-237">[233]</a> The 2024 <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian_University_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="The Guardian University Guide">Guardian University Guide</a> ranked Edinburgh 14th overall, but 50th out of 120 universities in teaching satisfaction, and lowest among all universities in satisfaction with feedback.<a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a> In the 2022 Complete University Guide, 32 out of the 49 subjects offered by Edinburgh were ranked within the top 10 in the UK, with Asian Studies (4th), Chemical Engineering (4th), Education (2nd), Geology (5th), Linguistics (5th), Mechanical Engineering (5th), Medicine (5th), Music (5th), Nursing (1st), Physics & Astronomy (5th), Social Policy (5th), Theology & Religious Studies (4th), and Veterinary Medicine (2nd) within the top 5.<a href="#cite_note-Complete_University_Guide-237">[233]</a> The 2021 THE World University Rankings by Subject ranked Edinburgh 10th worldwide in Arts and Humanities, 15th in Law, 16th in Psychology, 21st in Clinical, Pre-clinical & Health, 22nd in Computer Science, 28th in Education, 28th in Life Science, 43rd in Business & Economics, 44th in Social Sciences, 45th in Physical Sciences, and 86th in Engineering & Technology.<a href="#cite_note-239">[235]</a> The 2023 QS World University Rankings by Subject placed Edinburgh at 10th globally in Arts & Humanities, 23rd in Life Sciences & Medicine, 36th in Natural Sciences, 50th in Social Sciences & Management, and 59th in Engineering & Technology.<a href="#cite_note-240">[236]</a> According to CSRankings, computer science at Edinburgh was ranked 1st in the UK and 36th globally, and Edinburgh was the best in <a href="/wiki/Natural_language_processing" title="Natural language processing">natural language processing</a> (NLP) in the world.<a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Student_life">Student life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Student life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Students'_Association">Students' Association</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Students' Association">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Students%27_Association" title="Edinburgh University Students' Association">Edinburgh University Students' Association</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Student_Union_buildings_in_the_Pleasance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Student_Union_buildings_in_the_Pleasance.jpg/220px-Student_Union_buildings_in_the_Pleasance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Student_Union_buildings_in_the_Pleasance.jpg/330px-Student_Union_buildings_in_the_Pleasance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Student_Union_buildings_in_the_Pleasance.jpg/440px-Student_Union_buildings_in_the_Pleasance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1574" data-file-height="1195" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Pleasance" title="The Pleasance">The Pleasance</a>, one of EUSA's main buildings, is a theatre, bar, sports and recreation complex.</figcaption></figure> Edinburgh University Students' Association (EUSA) consists of the <a href="/wiki/Students%27_union" title="Students' union">students' union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Students%27_representative_council" title="Students' representative council">students' representative council</a>. EUSA's buildings include <a href="/wiki/Teviot_Row_House" title="Teviot Row House">Teviot Row House</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Pleasance" title="The Pleasance">The Pleasance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potterrow_Student_Centre" title="Potterrow Student Centre">Potterrow Student Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Buildings#Other_Facilities" title="King's Buildings">Kings Buildings House</a>, as well as shops, cafés and refectories across the various campuses. Teviot Row House is considered the oldest purpose-built student union building in the world.<a href="#cite_note-university_union-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[238]</a> Most of these buildings are operated as <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe">Edinburgh Festival Fringe</a> venues during August. EUSA represents students to the university and the wider world, and is responsible for over 250 student societies at the university. The association has five <a href="/wiki/Sabbatical" title="Sabbatical">sabbatical</a> office bearers – a president and four vice presidents. EUSA is affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Students_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Union of Students (United Kingdom)">National Union of Students</a> (NUS). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Performing arts">edit</a>]</div> Amateur dramatic societies benefit from Edinburgh being an important cultural hub for <a href="/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">comedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amateur_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Amateur Theatre">amateur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fringe_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Fringe Theatre">fringe theatre</a> throughout the UK, most prominently through the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe">Edinburgh Festival Fringe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-243">[239]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eums_symphonyorchestra_greyfriars2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Eums_symphonyorchestra_greyfriars2.jpg/220px-Eums_symphonyorchestra_greyfriars2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Eums_symphonyorchestra_greyfriars2.jpg/330px-Eums_symphonyorchestra_greyfriars2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Eums_symphonyorchestra_greyfriars2.jpg/440px-Eums_symphonyorchestra_greyfriars2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1033" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Music_Society" title="Edinburgh University Music Society">EMUS Symphony Orchestra</a>, performing <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Mahler</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 1 (Mahler)">Symphony No. 1</a> at <a href="/wiki/Greyfriars_Kirk" title="Greyfriars Kirk">Greyfriars Kirk</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Music_Society" title="Edinburgh University Music Society">Edinburgh University Music Society</a> (EUMS) is a student-run musical organisation, which is Scotland's oldest student's musical society; it can be traced back to a concert in February 1867.<a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a> It performs three concert series throughout the year whilst also undertaking a programme of charity events and education projects.<a href="#cite_note-245">[241]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bedlam_Theatre,_Edinburgh.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Bedlam_Theatre%2C_Edinburgh.JPG/220px-Bedlam_Theatre%2C_Edinburgh.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Bedlam_Theatre%2C_Edinburgh.JPG/330px-Bedlam_Theatre%2C_Edinburgh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Bedlam_Theatre%2C_Edinburgh.JPG/440px-Bedlam_Theatre%2C_Edinburgh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2529" data-file-height="1916" /></a><figcaption>The student-run <a href="/wiki/Bedlam_Theatre" title="Bedlam Theatre">Bedlam Theatre</a>, home to the Edinburgh University Theatre Company</figcaption></figure> The Edinburgh University Theatre Company (EUTC), founded in 1890 as the Edinburgh University Drama Society, is known for running <a href="/wiki/Bedlam_Theatre" title="Bedlam Theatre">Bedlam Theatre</a>, the oldest student-run theatre in Britain and venue for the Fringe.<a href="#cite_note-246">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a> EUTC also funds acclaimed <a href="/wiki/Improvisational_theatre" title="Improvisational theatre">improvisational comedy</a> troupe <a href="/wiki/The_Improverts" class="mw-redirect" title="The Improverts">The Improverts</a> during term time and the Fringe.<a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> Alumni include Sir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Boyd_(director)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Boyd (director)">Michael Boyd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Charleson" title="Ian Charleson">Ian Charleson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McKidd" title="Kevin McKidd">Kevin McKidd</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greg_Wise" title="Greg Wise">Greg Wise</a>. The Edinburgh Studio Opera (formerly Edinburgh University Opera Club) is a student <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> company in Edinburgh. It performs at least one fully staged opera each year.<a href="#cite_note-250">[246]</a> The Edinburgh University Savoy Opera Group (EUSOG) is an opera and <a href="/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">musical theatre</a> company founded by students in 1961 to promote and perform the comic operettas of Sir <a href="/wiki/W._S._Gilbert" title="W. S. Gilbert">William Gilbert</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sullivan" title="Arthur Sullivan">Arthur Sullivan</a>, collectively known as <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoy Opera">Savoy Operas</a> after the theatre in which they were originally staged.<a href="#cite_note-251">[247]</a> The Edinburgh University Footlights are a musical theatre company founded in 1989 and produce two large scale shows a year.<a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[249]</a> One of the founders is the Theatre Producer Colin Ingram.<a href="#cite_note-254">[250]</a> Theatre Parodok, founded in 2004, is a student theatre company that aims to produce shows that are "experimental without being exclusive". They stage one large show each semester and one for the festival.<a href="#cite_note-255">[251]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Student_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Student (newspaper)">The Student</a> is a fortnightly <a href="/wiki/List_of_student_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of student newspapers in the United Kingdom">student newspaper</a>. Founded in 1887 by writer <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a>, it is the oldest student newspaper in the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-The_Student-256">[252]</a> Former writers of the newspaper include politicians <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Cook" title="Robin Cook">Robin Cook</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Steel" title="David Steel">Lord Steel of Aikwood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[254]</a> It has been independent of the university since 1992, but was forced to temporarily fold in 2002 due to increasing debts. The newspaper won a number of student newspaper awards in the years following its relaunch.<a href="#cite_note-The_Student-256">[252]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Journal_(student_newspaper)" title="The Journal (student newspaper)">The Journal</a> was an independent publication, established in 2007 by three students and former writers for The Student. It was also distributed to other higher education institutions in the city, such as <a href="/wiki/Heriot-Watt_University" title="Heriot-Watt University">Heriot-Watt University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Napier_University" title="Edinburgh Napier University">Edinburgh Napier University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Telford_College" title="Telford College">Telford College</a>. It was the largest such publication in Scotland, with a print run of 10,000 copies. Despite winning a number of awards for its journalism, the magazine folded in 2015 due to financial difficulties.<a href="#cite_note-259">[255]</a> <a href="/wiki/FreshAir.org.uk" title="FreshAir.org.uk">FreshAir</a>, launched on 3 October 1992, is an alternative music <a href="/wiki/Student_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Student radio">student radio</a> station. The station is one of the oldest surviving student radio stations in the UK, and won the "Student Radio Station of the Year" award at the annual <a href="/wiki/Student_Radio_Association#The_Student_Radio_Awards_(SRAs)" title="Student Radio Association">Student Radio Awards</a> in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-260">[256]</a> In September 2015, the Edinburgh University Student Television (EUTV) became the newest addition to the student media scene at the university, producing a regular magazine-style programme, documentaries and other special events.<a href="#cite_note-261">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Sports_Union" title="Edinburgh University Sports Union">Edinburgh University Sports Union</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Edinburgh_Mountaineering_Club.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/University_of_Edinburgh_Mountaineering_Club.jpg/220px-University_of_Edinburgh_Mountaineering_Club.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/University_of_Edinburgh_Mountaineering_Club.jpg/330px-University_of_Edinburgh_Mountaineering_Club.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/University_of_Edinburgh_Mountaineering_Club.jpg/440px-University_of_Edinburgh_Mountaineering_Club.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Edinburgh University Mountaineering Club at the <a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">cairn</a> on <a href="/wiki/Ciste_Dhubh" title="Ciste Dhubh">Ciste Dhubh</a>, 1964</figcaption></figure> Student sport at Edinburgh consists of clubs covering the more traditional <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_RFC" title="Edinburgh University RFC">rugby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_A.F.C." title="Edinburgh University A.F.C.">football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Boat_Club" title="Edinburgh University Boat Club">rowing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">judo</a>, to the more unconventional <a href="/wiki/Korfball" title="Korfball">korfball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gliding" title="Gliding">gliding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">mountaineering</a>. In 2021, the university had over 65 sports clubs run by Edinburgh University Sports Union (EUSU).<a href="#cite_note-262">[258]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Scottish_Varsity" title="The Scottish Varsity">The Scottish Varsity</a>, known as the "world's oldest varsity match", is a rugby match played annually against the <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews_RFC" title="University of St Andrews RFC">University of St Andrews</a> dating back over 150 years.<a href="#cite_note-263">[259]</a> Discontinued in the 1950s, the match was resurrected in 2011 and was staged in London at the home of <a href="/wiki/London_Scottish_F.C." title="London Scottish F.C.">London Scottish RFC</a>. It is played at the beginning of the academic year, and since 2015 has been staged at <a href="/wiki/Murrayfield_Stadium" title="Murrayfield Stadium">Murrayfield Stadium</a> in Edinburgh.<a href="#cite_note-264">[260]</a> <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Boat_Race" title="Scottish Boat Race">The Scottish Boat Race</a> is an annual <a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">rowing</a> race between the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_University_Boat_Club" title="Glasgow University Boat Club">Glasgow University Boat Club</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Boat_Club" title="Edinburgh University Boat Club">Edinburgh University Boat Club</a>, rowed between competing <a href="/wiki/Eight_(rowing)" title="Eight (rowing)">eights</a> on the <a href="/wiki/River_Clyde" title="River Clyde">River Clyde</a> in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, Scotland. Started in 1877, it is believed to be the third-oldest university boat race in the world, predated by the <a href="/wiki/The_Boat_Race" title="The Boat Race">Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Harvard%E2%80%93Yale_Regatta" title="Harvard–Yale Regatta">Harvard–Yale Regatta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-265">[261]</a> Edinburgh athletes have repeatedly been successful at the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>: Sprinter <a href="/wiki/Eric_Liddell" title="Eric Liddell">Eric Liddell</a> won gold and bronze at the <a href="/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics" title="1924 Summer Olympics">1924 Summer Olympics</a>. At the <a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948 Summer Olympics</a>, alumnus <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson_(basketball,_born_1927)" title="Jackie Robinson (basketball, born 1927)">Jackie Robinson</a> won a gold medal with the American Basketball team. <a href="/wiki/Trap_shooting" title="Trap shooting">Trap shooter</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Braithwaite" title="Bob Braithwaite">Bob Braithwaite</a> secured a gold medal at the <a href="/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics" title="1968 Summer Olympics">1968 Summer Olympics</a>. Cyclist Sir <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hoy" title="Chris Hoy">Chris Hoy</a> won six gold and one silver medal between 2000 and 2012. Rower Dame <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Grainger" title="Katherine Grainger">Katherine Grainger</a> won a gold medal at the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a>, and four further silver medals between 2000 and 2016. Edinburgh was the most successful UK university at the 2012 Games with two gold medals from Hoy and one from Grainger.<a href="#cite_note-266">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_activism">Student activism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Student activism">edit</a>]</div> There are a number of campaigning societies at the university. The largest of these include the environment and poverty campaigning group <a href="/wiki/People_%26_Planet" title="People & Planet">People & Planet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> Society. International development organisations include <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Global_Partnerships" title="Edinburgh Global Partnerships">Edinburgh Global Partnerships</a>, which was established as a student-led charity in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-267">[263]</a> There is also a significant <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a> presence on campus,<a href="#cite_note-268">[264]</a> including an <a href="/wiki/Anti-austerity_movement" title="Anti-austerity movement">anti-austerity</a> group, Edinburgh University <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchist</a> Society, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Socialist_Society" title="Edinburgh University Socialist Society">Edinburgh University Socialist Society</a>, Edinburgh <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Green_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Green Party">Young Greens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminist</a> Society, <a href="/wiki/LGBT_Pride" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT Pride">LGBT+ Pride</a>,<a href="#cite_note-269">[265]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> Society, and <a href="/wiki/Students_for_Justice_in_Palestine" title="Students for Justice in Palestine">Students for Justice in Palestine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-270">[266]</a> Protests, demonstrations and occupations are regular occurrences at the university.<a href="#cite_note-271">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[269]</a> The activist group People & Planet took over Charles Stewart House in 2015 and again in 2016 in protest over the university's investment in companies active in arms manufacturing or fossil fuel extraction.<a href="#cite_note-274">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[271]</a> In May 2015, a security guard was charged in relation to the occupations.<a href="#cite_note-276">[272]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gaza_protest">Gaza protest</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Gaza protest">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edinburgh_University_Student_Gaza_Protest_May_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Edinburgh_University_Student_Gaza_Protest_May_2024.jpg/220px-Edinburgh_University_Student_Gaza_Protest_May_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Edinburgh_University_Student_Gaza_Protest_May_2024.jpg/330px-Edinburgh_University_Student_Gaza_Protest_May_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Edinburgh_University_Student_Gaza_Protest_May_2024.jpg/440px-Edinburgh_University_Student_Gaza_Protest_May_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Edinburgh University student Gaza protest, Old College Quad encampment, May 2024.</figcaption></figure> In May 2024, <a href="/wiki/Student_activism" title="Student activism">student activists</a> set up a protest camp in the Old College Quad, with some also beginning a <a href="/wiki/Hunger_strike" title="Hunger strike">hunger strike</a>,<a href="#cite_note-277">[273]</a> and demanded divestment from companies they alleged supported the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip_(2023%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)">Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip</a>. The campaign, backed by more than 600 staff and the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Students%27_Association" title="Edinburgh University Students' Association">students' union</a>,<a href="#cite_note-278">[274]</a> specifically targeted the university's investments in <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet Inc.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, and its relationship with investment firm <a href="/wiki/BlackRock" title="BlackRock">BlackRock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-279">[275]</a> In response, Principal Mathieson emphasized that the university would respect peaceful protest rights, while also defending its investment practices.<a href="#cite_note-280">[276]</a> The university subsequently established a working group to review its investment policies related to "armaments and controversial weapons"<a href="#cite_note-281">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[278]</a> and launched a consultation on ethical investing principles. The protest camp was dismantled in June.<a href="#cite_note-283">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_co-operatives">Student co-operatives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Student co-operatives">edit</a>]</div> There are three student-run <a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">co-operatives</a> associated with the University: <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Student_Housing_Co-operative" title="Edinburgh Student Housing Co-operative">Edinburgh Student Housing Co-operative</a> (ESHC), providing affordable housing for 106 students;<a href="#cite_note-284">[280]</a> the Hearty Squirrel Food Cooperative, providing local, organic and affordable food to students and staff;<a href="#cite_note-285">[281]</a> and the SHRUB Coop, a swap and re-use hub aimed at reducing waste and promoting <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainability</a>.<a href="#cite_note-286">[282]</a> Of these, only the Hearty Squirrel Co-operative operates on campus. <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Student_Housing_Co-operative" title="Edinburgh Student Housing Co-operative">ESHC</a> is based on the Bruntsfield Links south of the University's central campus, and hosts students from all three city universities and Edinburgh College. The SHRUB co-operative was formed partly by University of Edinburgh students but is now run by interested members from across Edinburgh. The co-operatives form part of the <a href="/wiki/Students_for_Cooperation" title="Students for Cooperation">Students for Cooperation</a> network.<a href="#cite_note-287">[283]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Edinburgh_people" title="List of University of Edinburgh people">List of University of Edinburgh people</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Edinburgh_medical_people" title="List of University of Edinburgh medical people">List of University of Edinburgh medical people</a></div> The university is associated with some of the most significant intellectual and scientific contributions in human history, which include: the foundation of <a href="/wiki/Antiseptic#Usage_in_surgery" title="Antiseptic">Antiseptic surgery</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lister" title="Joseph Lister">Joseph Lister</a>),<a href="#cite_note-288">[284]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bayesian_statistics" title="Bayesian statistics">Bayesian statistics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bayes" title="Thomas Bayes">Thomas Bayes</a>),<a href="#cite_note-289">[285]</a> <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>),<a href="#cite_note-290">[286]</a> <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism">Electromagnetism</a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a>),<a href="#cite_note-291">[287]</a> <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">Evolution</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>),<a href="#cite_note-292">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[289]</a> <a href="/wiki/Knot_theory" title="Knot theory">Knot theory</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peter_Tait_(physicist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Tait (physicist)">Peter Guthrie Tait</a>),<a href="#cite_note-294">[290]</a> modern <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">Geology</a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Hutton" title="James Hutton">James Hutton</a>),<a href="#cite_note-295">[291]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nephrology" title="Nephrology">Nephrology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Richard_Bright_(physician)" title="Richard Bright (physician)">Richard Bright</a>),<a href="#cite_note-296">[292]</a> <a href="/wiki/Endocrinology" title="Endocrinology">Endocrinology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer">Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Sykes-297">[293]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hematology" title="Hematology">Hematology</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Hewson_(surgeon)" title="William Hewson (surgeon)">William Hewson</a>),<a href="#cite_note-298">[294]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dermatology" title="Dermatology">Dermatology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Robert_Willan" title="Robert Willan">Robert Willan</a>),<a href="#cite_note-299">[295]</a> <a href="/wiki/Epigenetics" title="Epigenetics">Epigenetics</a> (<a href="/wiki/C._H._Waddington" title="C. H. Waddington">C. H. Waddington</a>),<a href="#cite_note-300">[296]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gestalt_psychology" title="Gestalt psychology">Gestalt psychology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kurt_Koffka" title="Kurt Koffka">Kurt Koffka</a>), <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">Thermodynamics</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Rankine" title="William Rankine">William Rankine</a>), <a href="/wiki/Colloid_chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Colloid chemistry">Colloid chemistry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Graham_(chemist)" title="Thomas Graham (chemist)">Thomas Graham</a>),<a href="#cite_note-301">[297]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Undulatory_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Undulatory theory">Wave theory</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Young_(scientist)" title="Thomas Young (scientist)">Thomas Young</a>); the discovery of <a href="/wiki/Brownian_motion" title="Brownian motion">Brownian motion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Robert_Brown_(botanist,_born_1773)" title="Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)">Robert Brown</a>),<a href="#cite_note-302">[298]</a> <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latent_heat" title="Latent heat">latent heat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Specific_heat" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific heat">specific heat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Black" title="Joseph Black">Joseph Black</a>),<a href="#cite_note-303">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[300]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chloroformed" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloroformed">chloroform anaesthesia</a> (Sir <a href="/wiki/James_Young_Simpson" title="James Young Simpson">James Young Simpson</a>),<a href="#cite_note-305">[301]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_B_vaccine" title="Hepatitis B vaccine">Hepatitis B vaccine</a> (Sir <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Murray_(biologist)" title="Kenneth Murray (biologist)">Kenneth Murray</a>),<a href="#cite_note-306">[302]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cygnus_X-1" title="Cygnus X-1">Cygnus X-1 black hole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paul_Murdin" title="Paul Murdin">Paul Murdin</a>),<a href="#cite_note-307">[303]</a> <a href="/wiki/Higgs_mechanism" title="Higgs mechanism">Higgs mechanism</a> (Sir <a href="/wiki/Tom_Kibble" title="Tom Kibble">Tom Kibble</a>),<a href="#cite_note-308">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[305]</a> structure of <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> (Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Randall_(physicist)" title="John Randall (physicist)">John Randall</a>),<a href="#cite_note-310">[306]</a> <a href="/wiki/HPV_vaccine" title="HPV vaccine">HPV vaccine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ian_Frazer" title="Ian Frazer">Ian Frazer</a>), <a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Osmium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Smithson_Tennant" title="Smithson Tennant">Smithson Tennant</a>),<a href="#cite_note-311">[307]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rutherford" title="Daniel Rutherford">Daniel Rutherford</a>),<a href="#cite_note-312">[308]</a> <a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Strontium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Charles_Hope" title="Thomas Charles Hope">Thomas Charles Hope</a>),<a href="#cite_note-313">[309]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus">SARS coronavirus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zhong_Nanshan" title="Zhong Nanshan">Zhong Nanshan</a>);<a href="#cite_note-314">[310]</a> and the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Stirling_engine" title="Stirling engine">Stirling engine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Robert_Stirling" title="Robert Stirling">Robert Stirling</a>),<a href="#cite_note-315">[311]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cavity_magnetron" title="Cavity magnetron">Cavity magnetron</a> (Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Randall_(physicist)" title="John Randall (physicist)">John Randall</a>),<a href="#cite_note-316">[312]</a> <a href="/wiki/Automated_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated teller machine">ATM</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_Shepherd-Barron" title="John Shepherd-Barron">John Shepherd-Barron</a>),<a href="#cite_note-317">[313]</a> <a href="/wiki/Refrigerator" title="Refrigerator">refrigerator</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Cullen" title="William Cullen">William Cullen</a>),<a href="#cite_note-318">[314]</a> <a href="/wiki/Diving_chamber" title="Diving chamber">diving chamber</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_Scott_Haldane" title="John Scott Haldane">John Scott Haldane</a>),<a href="#cite_note-319">[315]</a> <a href="/wiki/Reflecting_telescope" title="Reflecting telescope">reflecting telescope</a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Gregory_(mathematician)" title="James Gregory (mathematician)">James Gregory</a>),<a href="#cite_note-320">[316]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hypodermic_syringe" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypodermic syringe">hypodermic syringe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alexander_Wood_(physician)" title="Alexander Wood (physician)">Alexander Wood</a>),<a href="#cite_note-321">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[318]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kaleidoscope" title="Kaleidoscope">kaleidoscope</a> (Sir <a href="/wiki/David_Brewster" title="David Brewster">David Brewster</a>),<a href="#cite_note-323">[319]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">pneumatic tyre</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_Dunlop" title="John Boyd Dunlop">John Boyd Dunlop</a>),<a href="#cite_note-324">[320]</a> <a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">telephone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a>),<a href="#cite_note-325">[321]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aerial_tramway#Telpherage" title="Aerial tramway">telpherage</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fleeming_Jenkin" title="Fleeming Jenkin">Fleeming Jenkin</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_flask" title="Vacuum flask">vacuum flask</a> (Sir <a href="/wiki/James_Dewar" title="James Dewar">James Dewar</a>).<a href="#cite_note-326">[322]</a> Other notable alumni and academic staff of the university have included signatories to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">US Declaration of Independence</a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Benjamin Rush</a>,<a href="#cite_note-327">[323]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(Founding_Father)" title="James Wilson (Founding Father)">James Wilson</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[324]</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Witherspoon" title="John Witherspoon">John Witherspoon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-329">[325]</a> actors <a href="/wiki/Ian_Charleson" title="Ian Charleson">Ian Charleson</a>,<a href="#cite_note-330">[326]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robbie_Coltrane" title="Robbie Coltrane">Robbie Coltrane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McKidd" title="Kevin McKidd">Kevin McKidd</a>, architects <a href="/wiki/Robert_Adam" title="Robert Adam">Robert Adam</a>,<a href="#cite_note-331">[327]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Thornton" title="William Thornton">William Thornton</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Playfair" title="William Henry Playfair">William Henry Playfair</a>,<a href="#cite_note-332">[328]</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Basil_Spence" title="Basil Spence">Basil Spence</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Grimshaw" title="Nicholas Grimshaw">Nicholas Grimshaw</a>, astronaut <a href="/wiki/Piers_Sellers" title="Piers Sellers">Piers Sellers</a>,<a href="#cite_note-333">[329]</a> biologists Sir <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Bird" title="Adrian Bird">Adrian Bird</a>,<a href="#cite_note-334">[330]</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Owen" title="Richard Owen">Richard Owen</a><a href="#cite_note-335">[331]</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/Ian_Wilmut" title="Ian Wilmut">Ian Wilmut</a>,<a href="#cite_note-336">[332]</a> business executives <a href="/wiki/Tony_Hayward" title="Tony Hayward">Tony Hayward</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Jope" title="Alan Jope">Alan Jope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lars_Rasmussen_(software_developer)" title="Lars Rasmussen (software developer)">Lars Rasmussen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susie_Wolff" title="Susie Wolff">Susie Wolff</a>, composer <a href="/wiki/Max_Richter" title="Max Richter">Max Richter</a>, economists <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding" title="Kenneth E. Boulding">Kenneth E. Boulding</a><a href="#cite_note-337">[333]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chalmers" title="Thomas Chalmers">Thomas Chalmers</a>, historians <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Thomas Carlyle</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[334]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neil_MacGregor" title="Neil MacGregor">Neil MacGregor</a>, journalists <a href="/wiki/Laura_Kuenssberg" title="Laura Kuenssberg">Laura Kuenssberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pomerantsev" title="Peter Pomerantsev">Peter Pomerantsev</a>, judges <a href="/wiki/Robert_Reed,_Baron_Reed_of_Allermuir" title="Robert Reed, Baron Reed of Allermuir">Lord Reed</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[335]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hodge,_Lord_Hodge" title="Patrick Hodge, Lord Hodge">Lord Hodge</a>,<a href="#cite_note-340">[336]</a> mathematicians Sir <a href="/wiki/W._V._D._Hodge" title="W. V. D. Hodge">W. V. D. Hodge</a>,<a href="#cite_note-341">[337]</a> <a href="/wiki/Colin_Maclaurin" title="Colin Maclaurin">Colin Maclaurin</a><a href="#cite_note-342">[338]</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/E._T._Whittaker" title="E. T. Whittaker">E. T. Whittaker</a>,<a href="#cite_note-343">[339]</a> philosophers <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Benjamin Constant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Ferguson" title="Adam Ferguson">Adam Ferguson</a>,<a href="#cite_note-344">[340]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Gellner" title="Ernest Gellner">Ernest Gellner</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a>,<a href="#cite_note-345">[341]</a> physicians <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Addison" title="Thomas Addison">Thomas Addison</a>,<a href="#cite_note-346">[342]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Cullen" title="William Cullen">William Cullen</a>,<a href="#cite_note-347">[343]</a> <a href="/wiki/Valent%C3%ADn_Fuster" title="Valentín Fuster">Valentín Fuster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hodgkin" title="Thomas Hodgkin">Thomas Hodgkin</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[344]</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Lind" title="James Lind">James Lind</a>,<a href="#cite_note-349">[345]</a> pilot <a href="/wiki/Eric_Brown_(pilot)" title="Eric Brown (pilot)">Eric Brown</a>,<a href="#cite_note-350">[346]</a> surgeons <a href="/wiki/James_Barry_(surgeon)" title="James Barry (surgeon)">James Barry</a>,<a href="#cite_note-351">[347]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bell" title="Joseph Bell">Joseph Bell</a>,<a href="#cite_note-352">[348]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Liston" title="Robert Liston">Robert Liston</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[349]</a> and <a href="/wiki/B._K._Misra" title="B. K. Misra">B. K. Misra</a>,<a href="#cite_note-354">[350]</a> sociologists Sir <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Geddes" title="Patrick Geddes">Patrick Geddes</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[351]</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Bloor" title="David Bloor">David Bloor</a>,<a href="#cite_note-356">[352]</a> writers Sir <a href="/wiki/J._M._Barrie" title="J. M. Barrie">J. M. Barrie</a>,<a href="#cite_note-357">[353]</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a>,<a href="#cite_note-358">[354]</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[355]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Fowles" title="John Fowles">John Fowles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Goldsmith" title="Oliver Goldsmith">Oliver Goldsmith</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a><a href="#cite_note-360">[356]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a>,<a href="#cite_note-361">[357]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellors of the Exchequer</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Anderson,_1st_Viscount_Waverley" title="John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley">John Anderson</a><a href="#cite_note-362">[358]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">Lord Henry Petty</a>,<a href="#cite_note-363">[359]</a> former <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand">Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cullen_(politician)" title="Michael Cullen (politician)">Michael Cullen</a>, current <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Syria" title="Vice President of Syria">Vice President of Syria</a> <a href="/wiki/Najah_al-Attar" title="Najah al-Attar">Najah al-Attar</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Director_General_of_MI5" title="Director General of MI5">Director General of MI5</a> <a href="/wiki/Stella_Rimington" title="Stella Rimington">Stella Rimington</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lords of the Admiralty</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dundas,_1st_Viscount_Melville" title="Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville">Lord Melville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dundas,_2nd_Viscount_Melville" title="Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville">Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,_2nd_Earl_of_Minto" title="Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto">Lord Minto</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Douglas-Hamilton,_10th_Earl_of_Selkirk" title="George Douglas-Hamilton, 10th Earl of Selkirk">Lord Selkirk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary" title="Foreign Secretary">Foreign Secretaries</a> <a href="/wiki/Robin_Cook" title="Robin Cook">Robin Cook</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[360]</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Rifkind" title="Malcolm Rifkind">Malcolm Rifkind</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_Profile-365">[361]</a> former acting <a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="First Minister of Scotland">First Minister of Scotland</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Wallace,_Baron_Wallace_of_Tankerness" title="Jim Wallace, Baron Wallace of Tankerness">Jim Wallace</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a> gold medallists <a href="/wiki/Bob_Braithwaite" title="Bob Braithwaite">Bob Braithwaite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Grainger" title="Katherine Grainger">Katherine Grainger</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hoy" title="Chris Hoy">Chris Hoy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eric_Liddell" title="Eric Liddell">Eric Liddell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-366">[362]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Notable Edinburgh alumni before the 20th century</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert-adam.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Adam, neoclassical architect"><img alt="Robert Adam, neoclassical architect" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Robert-adam.jpg/95px-Robert-adam.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Robert-adam.jpg/142px-Robert-adam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Robert-adam.jpg/190px-Robert-adam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1216" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Adam" title="Robert Adam">Robert Adam</a>, neoclassical architect</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:J._M._Barrie,_1892._(7893554540).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="J. M. Barrie, novelist and playwright"><img alt="J. M. Barrie, novelist and playwright" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/J._M._Barrie%2C_1892._%287893554540%29.jpg/81px-J._M._Barrie%2C_1892._%287893554540%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/J._M._Barrie%2C_1892._%287893554540%29.jpg/122px-J._M._Barrie%2C_1892._%287893554540%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/J._M._Barrie%2C_1892._%287893554540%29.jpg/163px-J._M._Barrie%2C_1892._%287893554540%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1143" data-file-height="1680" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/J._M._Barrie" title="J. M. Barrie">J. M. Barrie</a>, novelist and playwright</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Barry.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="James Barry, surgeon"><img alt="James Barry, surgeon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/James_Barry.jpg/85px-James_Barry.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/James_Barry.jpg/128px-James_Barry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/James_Barry.jpg/171px-James_Barry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="890" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/James_Barry_(surgeon)" title="James Barry (surgeon)">James Barry</a>, surgeon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Bayes.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Thomas Bayes, statistician"><img alt="Thomas Bayes, statistician" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Thomas_Bayes.gif/112px-Thomas_Bayes.gif" decoding="async" width="112" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Thomas_Bayes.gif/168px-Thomas_Bayes.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Thomas_Bayes.gif/224px-Thomas_Bayes.gif 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="326" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bayes" title="Thomas Bayes">Thomas Bayes</a>, statistician</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Joseph.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joseph Black, physicist and chemist"><img alt="Joseph Black, physicist and chemist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Black_Joseph.jpg/95px-Black_Joseph.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Black_Joseph.jpg/143px-Black_Joseph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Black_Joseph.jpg/191px-Black_Joseph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1230" data-file-height="1545" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Black" title="Joseph Black">Joseph Black</a>, physicist and chemist</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Bright_physician.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Richard Bright, physician, father of nephrology"><img alt="Richard Bright, physician, father of nephrology" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Richard_Bright_physician.jpg/98px-Richard_Bright_physician.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Richard_Bright_physician.jpg/146px-Richard_Bright_physician.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Richard_Bright_physician.jpg/195px-Richard_Bright_physician.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2280" data-file-height="2800" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bright_(physician)" title="Richard Bright (physician)">Richard Bright</a>, physician, father of <a href="/wiki/Nephrology" title="Nephrology">nephrology</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:BrownRobert.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Brown, botanist, discovered Brownian motion"><img alt="Robert Brown, botanist, discovered Brownian motion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/BrownRobert.jpg/101px-BrownRobert.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/BrownRobert.jpg/151px-BrownRobert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/BrownRobert.jpg/202px-BrownRobert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="357" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brown_(botanist,_born_1773)" title="Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)">Robert Brown</a>, botanist, discovered <a href="/wiki/Brownian_motion" title="Brownian motion">Brownian motion</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Carlyle_in_1876.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thomas Carlyle, essayist, historian and philosopher"><img alt="Thomas Carlyle, essayist, historian and philosopher" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Portrait_of_Carlyle_in_1876.jpg/80px-Portrait_of_Carlyle_in_1876.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Portrait_of_Carlyle_in_1876.jpg/120px-Portrait_of_Carlyle_in_1876.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Portrait_of_Carlyle_in_1876.jpg/161px-Portrait_of_Carlyle_in_1876.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1429" data-file-height="2133" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Thomas Carlyle</a>, essayist, historian and philosopher</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Watson_Gordon_(1788-1864)_-_Reverend_Thomas_Chalmers_(1780%E2%80%931847),_Preacher_and_Social_Reformer_-_PG_1094_-_National_Galleries_of_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thomas Chalmers, political economist"><img alt="Thomas Chalmers, political economist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/John_Watson_Gordon_%281788-1864%29_-_Reverend_Thomas_Chalmers_%281780%E2%80%931847%29%2C_Preacher_and_Social_Reformer_-_PG_1094_-_National_Galleries_of_Scotland.jpg/87px-John_Watson_Gordon_%281788-1864%29_-_Reverend_Thomas_Chalmers_%281780%E2%80%931847%29%2C_Preacher_and_Social_Reformer_-_PG_1094_-_National_Galleries_of_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/John_Watson_Gordon_%281788-1864%29_-_Reverend_Thomas_Chalmers_%281780%E2%80%931847%29%2C_Preacher_and_Social_Reformer_-_PG_1094_-_National_Galleries_of_Scotland.jpg/131px-John_Watson_Gordon_%281788-1864%29_-_Reverend_Thomas_Chalmers_%281780%E2%80%931847%29%2C_Preacher_and_Social_Reformer_-_PG_1094_-_National_Galleries_of_Scotland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/John_Watson_Gordon_%281788-1864%29_-_Reverend_Thomas_Chalmers_%281780%E2%80%931847%29%2C_Preacher_and_Social_Reformer_-_PG_1094_-_National_Galleries_of_Scotland.jpg/174px-John_Watson_Gordon_%281788-1864%29_-_Reverend_Thomas_Chalmers_%281780%E2%80%931847%29%2C_Preacher_and_Social_Reformer_-_PG_1094_-_National_Galleries_of_Scotland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="800" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chalmers" title="Thomas Chalmers">Thomas Chalmers</a>, political economist</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron,_c._1868.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charles Darwin, naturalist and biologist"><img alt="Charles Darwin, naturalist and biologist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron%2C_c._1868.jpg/97px-Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron%2C_c._1868.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron%2C_c._1868.jpg/145px-Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron%2C_c._1868.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron%2C_c._1868.jpg/193px-Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron%2C_c._1868.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2348" data-file-height="2916" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>, naturalist and biologist</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:ProfAdamFerguson.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adam Ferguson, philosopher and historian"><img alt="Adam Ferguson, philosopher and historian" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/ProfAdamFerguson.jpg/100px-ProfAdamFerguson.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/ProfAdamFerguson.jpg/150px-ProfAdamFerguson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/ProfAdamFerguson.jpg/201px-ProfAdamFerguson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="646" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Ferguson" title="Adam Ferguson">Adam Ferguson</a>, philosopher and historian</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Hume_Ramsay.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="David Hume, philosopher"><img alt="David Hume, philosopher" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/David_Hume_Ramsay.jpg/99px-David_Hume_Ramsay.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/David_Hume_Ramsay.jpg/149px-David_Hume_Ramsay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/David_Hume_Ramsay.jpg/198px-David_Hume_Ramsay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5384" data-file-height="6518" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a>, philosopher</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hutton_James_portrait_Raeburn.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="James Hutton, geologist, father of modern geology"><img alt="James Hutton, geologist, father of modern geology" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Hutton_James_portrait_Raeburn.jpg/86px-Hutton_James_portrait_Raeburn.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Hutton_James_portrait_Raeburn.jpg/129px-Hutton_James_portrait_Raeburn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Hutton_James_portrait_Raeburn.jpg/172px-Hutton_James_portrait_Raeburn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="1933" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/James_Hutton" title="James Hutton">James Hutton</a>, geologist, father of modern <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Clerk_Maxwell_profile.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="James Clerk Maxwell, mathematician and physicist"><img alt="James Clerk Maxwell, mathematician and physicist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/James_Clerk_Maxwell_profile.jpg/79px-James_Clerk_Maxwell_profile.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/James_Clerk_Maxwell_profile.jpg/119px-James_Clerk_Maxwell_profile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/James_Clerk_Maxwell_profile.jpg/159px-James_Clerk_Maxwell_profile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="1410" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a>, mathematician and physicist</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Owen_1856.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Richard Owen, biologist, coined the term dinosaur"><img alt="Richard Owen, biologist, coined the term dinosaur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Richard_Owen_1856.jpg/94px-Richard_Owen_1856.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Richard_Owen_1856.jpg/141px-Richard_Owen_1856.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Richard_Owen_1856.jpg/188px-Richard_Owen_1856.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="614" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Owen" title="Richard Owen">Richard Owen</a>, biologist, coined the term <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">dinosaur</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Rankine_1870s.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Macquorn Rankine, engineer, founding contributor to thermodynamics"><img alt="Macquorn Rankine, engineer, founding contributor to thermodynamics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/William_Rankine_1870s.jpg/88px-William_Rankine_1870s.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/William_Rankine_1870s.jpg/132px-William_Rankine_1870s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/William_Rankine_1870s.jpg/176px-William_Rankine_1870s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="564" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Macquorn_Rankine" class="mw-redirect" title="Macquorn Rankine">Macquorn Rankine</a>, engineer, founding contributor to <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">thermodynamics</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_Rush_Painting_by_Peale.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Benjamin Rush, signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence"><img alt="Benjamin Rush, signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Benjamin_Rush_Painting_by_Peale.jpg/103px-Benjamin_Rush_Painting_by_Peale.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Benjamin_Rush_Painting_by_Peale.jpg/155px-Benjamin_Rush_Painting_by_Peale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Benjamin_Rush_Painting_by_Peale.jpg/206px-Benjamin_Rush_Painting_by_Peale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="698" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Benjamin Rush</a>, signatory of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Walter_Scott_-_Raeburn-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Walter Scott, novelist and poet"><img alt="Walter Scott, novelist and poet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Sir_Walter_Scott_-_Raeburn-2.jpg/99px-Sir_Walter_Scott_-_Raeburn-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Sir_Walter_Scott_-_Raeburn-2.jpg/149px-Sir_Walter_Scott_-_Raeburn-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Sir_Walter_Scott_-_Raeburn-2.jpg/198px-Sir_Walter_Scott_-_Raeburn-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2321" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a>, novelist and poet</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Simpson_James_Young_signature_picture.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="James Young Simpson, physician"><img alt="James Young Simpson, physician" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Simpson_James_Young_signature_picture.jpg/88px-Simpson_James_Young_signature_picture.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Simpson_James_Young_signature_picture.jpg/132px-Simpson_James_Young_signature_picture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Simpson_James_Young_signature_picture.jpg/177px-Simpson_James_Young_signature_picture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="562" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/James_Young_Simpson" title="James Young Simpson">James Young Simpson</a>, physician</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Louis_Stevenson,_1885.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Louis Stevenson, novelist and poet"><img alt="Robert Louis Stevenson, novelist and poet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Robert_Louis_Stevenson%2C_1885.jpg/99px-Robert_Louis_Stevenson%2C_1885.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Robert_Louis_Stevenson%2C_1885.jpg/149px-Robert_Louis_Stevenson%2C_1885.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Robert_Louis_Stevenson%2C_1885.jpg/199px-Robert_Louis_Stevenson%2C_1885.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="519" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a>, novelist and poet</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:DugaldStewart.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dugald Stewart, philosopher and mathematician"><img alt="Dugald Stewart, philosopher and mathematician" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/DugaldStewart.jpg/101px-DugaldStewart.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/DugaldStewart.jpg/151px-DugaldStewart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/DugaldStewart.jpg/201px-DugaldStewart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="310" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dugald_Stewart" title="Dugald Stewart">Dugald Stewart</a>, philosopher and mathematician</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:JusticeJamesWilson.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="James Wilson, Founding Father of the United States"><img alt="James Wilson, Founding Father of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/JusticeJamesWilson.jpg/101px-JusticeJamesWilson.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/JusticeJamesWilson.jpg/151px-JusticeJamesWilson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/JusticeJamesWilson.jpg/201px-JusticeJamesWilson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1832" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(founding_father)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Wilson (founding father)">James Wilson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Father of the United States</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Peale,_Charles_Willson,_John_Witherspoon_(1723-1794),_President_(1768-94).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Witherspoon, Founding Father of the United States"><img alt="John Witherspoon, Founding Father of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Peale%2C_Charles_Willson%2C_John_Witherspoon_%281723-1794%29%2C_President_%281768-94%29.jpg/99px-Peale%2C_Charles_Willson%2C_John_Witherspoon_%281723-1794%29%2C_President_%281768-94%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Peale%2C_Charles_Willson%2C_John_Witherspoon_%281723-1794%29%2C_President_%281768-94%29.jpg/149px-Peale%2C_Charles_Willson%2C_John_Witherspoon_%281723-1794%29%2C_President_%281768-94%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Peale%2C_Charles_Willson%2C_John_Witherspoon_%281723-1794%29%2C_President_%281768-94%29.jpg/199px-Peale%2C_Charles_Willson%2C_John_Witherspoon_%281723-1794%29%2C_President_%281768-94%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1657" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/John_Witherspoon" title="John Witherspoon">John Witherspoon</a>, Founding Father of the United States</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Young_by_Briggs_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thomas Young, polymath"><img alt="Thomas Young, polymath" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Thomas_Young_by_Briggs_cropped.jpg/94px-Thomas_Young_by_Briggs_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Thomas_Young_by_Briggs_cropped.jpg/141px-Thomas_Young_by_Briggs_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Thomas_Young_by_Briggs_cropped.jpg/188px-Thomas_Young_by_Briggs_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="943" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Young_(scientist)" title="Thomas Young (scientist)">Thomas Young</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymath</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nobel_and_Nobel_equivalent_prizes">Nobel and Nobel equivalent prizes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Nobel and Nobel equivalent prizes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_by_university_affiliation" title="List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation">List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Max_Born_1954.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Max_Born_1954.jpg/200px-Max_Born_1954.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Max_Born_1954.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Tait_(physicist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Tait (physicist)">Tait</a> Professor of Natural Philosophy at Edinburgh from 1936 to 1953, was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> in 1954.<a href="#cite_note-367">[363]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_higgs_chalkboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Peter_higgs_chalkboard.jpg/200px-Peter_higgs_chalkboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Peter_higgs_chalkboard.jpg/300px-Peter_higgs_chalkboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Peter_higgs_chalkboard.jpg/400px-Peter_higgs_chalkboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a>, faculty at Edinburgh since 1960 and Emeritus Professor after 1996, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-368">[364]</a></figcaption></figure> As of October 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit">[update]</a>, 20 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates, with 20 awards, have been affiliated with the university as alumni, faculty members or researchers (three additional laureates acted as administrative staff),<a href="#cite_note-Nobel_Prizes-369">[365]</a> including one of the fathers of <a href="/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">quantum mechanics</a> <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a>,<a href="#cite_note-370">[366]</a> <a href="/wiki/Theoretical_physics" title="Theoretical physics">theoretical physicist</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a>,<a href="#cite_note-371">[367]</a> Cognitive scientist <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Geoffrey E. Hinton</a> (also a <a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a> winner),<a href="#cite_note-372">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[369]</a> chemist Sir <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a>,<a href="#cite_note-374">[370]</a> <a href="/wiki/Immunology" title="Immunology">immunologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter C. Doherty">Peter C. Doherty</a>,<a href="#cite_note-375">[371]</a> economist Sir <a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">James Mirrlees</a>,<a href="#cite_note-376">[372]</a> discoverer of <a href="/wiki/Characteristic_X-ray" title="Characteristic X-ray">Characteristic X-ray</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Charles Glover Barkla</a>)<a href="#cite_note-377">[373]</a> and the mechanism of <a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">ATP</a> synthesis (<a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a>),<a href="#cite_note-378">[374]</a> and pioneer in <a href="/wiki/Cryogenic_electron_microscopy" title="Cryogenic electron microscopy">cryo-electron microscopy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson_(biologist)" title="Richard Henderson (biologist)">Richard Henderson</a>)<a href="#cite_note-379">[375]</a> and <a href="/wiki/In_vitro_fertilisation" title="In vitro fertilisation">in-vitro fertilisation</a> (Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwards_(physiologist)" title="Robert Edwards (physiologist)">Robert Edwards</a>).<a href="#cite_note-380">[376]</a> Turing Award winners <a href="/wiki/Robin_Milner" title="Robin Milner">Robin Milner</a><a href="#cite_note-381">[377]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Valiant" title="Leslie Valiant">Leslie Valiant</a>,<a href="#cite_note-382">[378]</a> and mathematician Sir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">Michael Atiyah</a>,<a href="#cite_note-383">[379]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abel_Prize" title="Abel Prize">Abel Prize</a> laureate, are associated with the university. In the following table, the number following a person's name is the year they received the Nobel prize. In particular, a number with an asterisk (*) means the person received the award while they were working at the university (including <a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">emeritus</a> staff). A name underlined implies that this person has been listed previously (i.e., multiple affiliations). <table class="wikitable" style="width:74%; float:center; border:5px solid #bbb; margin:.96em 0 0 .9em;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:120px;">Category </th> <th>Alumni </th> <th>Long-term academic staff </th> <th>Short-term academic staff </th></tr> <tr> <td>Physics (5) </td> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Tamm" title="Igor Tamm">Igor Tamm</a> – 1958</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Geoffrey Hinton</a> – 2024</li></ol> </td> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a> – 2013*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a> – 1954*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Charles Glover Barkla</a> – 1917*</li></ol> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chemistry (6) </td> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson_(biologist)" title="Richard Henderson (biologist)">Richard Henderson</a> – 2017</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a> – 2016</li></ol> </td> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a> – 1978</li></ol> </td> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a> – 2002</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander R. Todd</a> – 1957</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a> – 1955</li></ol> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physiology or Medicine (7) </td> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwards_(physiologist)" title="Robert Edwards (physiologist)">Robert G. Edwards</a> – 2010</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter C. Doherty">Peter C. Doherty</a> – 1996</li></ol> </td> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_J._Muller" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermann J. Muller">Hermann J. Muller</a> – 1946</li></ol> </td> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Michael Rosbash</a> – 2017</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">Edvard Moser</a> – 2014</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">May-Britt Moser</a> – 2014</li> <li>Robert G. Edwards – 2010</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Paul Nurse</a> – 2001</li></ol> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Economics (1) </td> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">James Mirrlees</a> – 1996</li></ol> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Peace (1) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rotblat" title="Joseph Rotblat">Joseph Rotblat</a> – 1995</li></ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heads_of_state_and_government">Heads of state and government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Heads of state and government">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gordon_Brown_(2008).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gordon_Brown_%282008%29.jpg/200px-Gordon_Brown_%282008%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gordon_Brown_%282008%29.jpg/300px-Gordon_Brown_%282008%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gordon_Brown_%282008%29.jpg/400px-Gordon_Brown_%282008%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2121" data-file-height="2711" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> and consecutive 10-year-long <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a>, is an alumnus (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Scotland)" title="Master of Arts (Scotland)">MA</a> '72, PhD '82) and former <a href="/wiki/Rector_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Rector of the University of Edinburgh">rector</a>.<a href="#cite_note-384">[380]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Swinney_-_First_Minister_(53720492021)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/John_Swinney_-_First_Minister_%2853720492021%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-John_Swinney_-_First_Minister_%2853720492021%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/John_Swinney_-_First_Minister_%2853720492021%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-John_Swinney_-_First_Minister_%2853720492021%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/John_Swinney_-_First_Minister_%2853720492021%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-John_Swinney_-_First_Minister_%2853720492021%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2382" data-file-height="3076" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Swinney" title="John Swinney">John Swinney</a>, current <a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="First Minister of Scotland">First Minister of Scotland</a>, is an alumnus (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Scotland)" title="Master of Arts (Scotland)">MA</a> '86).</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" width="74%" style="float: center; border: 5px solid #BBB; margin: .96em 0 0 .9em;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="200px">Leader </th> <th width="240px">State/government </th> <th>Office </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harini_Amarasuriya" title="Harini Amarasuriya">Harini Amarasuriya</a><a href="#cite_note-385">[381]</a><a href="#cite_note-386">[382]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Prime Minister of Sri Lanka">Prime Minister</a> (2024–) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Banda" title="Hastings Banda">Hastings Banda</a><a href="#cite_note-387">[383]</a><a href="#cite_note-388">[384]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malawi" title="Prime Minister of Malawi">Prime Minister</a> (1964–1966), <a href="/wiki/President_of_Malawi" title="President of Malawi">President</a> (1966–1994) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Black_(colonial_administrator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Black (colonial administrator)">Robert Black</a><a href="#cite_note-389">[385]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Singapore_in_the_Straits_Settlements.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore_in_the_Straits_Settlements.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Singapore_in_the_Straits_Settlements.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore_in_the_Straits_Settlements.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Singapore_in_the_Straits_Settlements.svg/46px-Flag_of_Singapore_in_the_Straits_Settlements.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Singapore" title="Colony of Singapore">Colony of Singapore</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Singapore" title="List of governors of Singapore">Governor</a> (1955–1957) </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British Hong Kong</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Hong_Kong" title="Governor of Hong Kong">Governor</a> (1958–1964) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brisbane" title="Thomas Brisbane">Thomas Brisbane</a><a href="#cite_note-390">[386]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_South_Wales" title="Governor of New South Wales">Governor</a> (1821–1825) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a><a href="#cite_note-391">[387]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> (2007–2010) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chang_Taek-sang" title="Chang Taek-sang">Chang Taek-sang</a> (張澤相)<a href="#cite_note-392">[388]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea" title="Prime Minister of South Korea">Prime Minister</a> (1952) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Crawfurd" title="John Crawfurd">John Crawfurd</a><a href="#cite_note-393">[389]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company"><img alt="East India Company" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Singapore#1819–1942:_Colonial_Singapore" title="History of Singapore">Colonial Singapore</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Singapore" title="List of governors of Singapore">Resident</a> (1823–1826) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Sir <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,_1st_Earl_of_Minto" title="Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto">Gilbert Elliott</a><a href="#cite_note-394">[390]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica"><img alt="Corsica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Corsica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Corsica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Corsica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Corsica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Corsica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Corsica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="450" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Corsican_Kingdom" title="Anglo-Corsican Kingdom">Anglo-Corsican Kingdom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroy</a> (1793–1796) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company"><img alt="East India Company" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Presidencies_and_provinces_of_British_India" title="Presidencies and provinces of British India">British India</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">Governor-General</a> (1807–1813) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Sir <a href="/wiki/Dawda_Jawara" title="Dawda Jawara">Dawda Jawara</a><a href="#cite_note-395">[391]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia"><img alt="The Gambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_The_Gambia_%281889%E2%80%931965%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia_%281889%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_The_Gambia_%281889%E2%80%931965%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia_%281889%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_The_Gambia_%281889%E2%80%931965%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_The_Gambia_%281889%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gambia_Colony_and_Protectorate" title="Gambia Colony and Protectorate">Gambia Colony and Protectorate</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Gambia" title="Prime Minister of the Gambia">Prime Minister</a> (1962–1965) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia"><img alt="The Gambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a> </td> <td>Prime Minister (1965–1970), <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Gambia" title="President of the Gambia">President</a> (1970–1994) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Lule" title="Yusuf Lule">Yusuf Lule</a><a href="#cite_note-396">[392]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_Uganda" title="President of Uganda">President</a> (1979) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fawzi_Mulki" title="Fawzi Mulki">Fawzi Mulki</a><a href="#cite_note-397">[393]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jordan" title="Prime Minister of Jordan">Prime Minister</a> (1953–1954) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Morrison,_1st_Viscount_Dunrossil" title="William Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil">Lord Dunrossil</a><a href="#cite_note-398">[394]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General</a> (1960–1961) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chanis_Pinz%C3%B3n" title="Daniel Chanis Pinzón">Daniel Chanis Pinzón</a><a href="#cite_note-399">[395]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_Panama" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Panama">President</a> (1949) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Nyerere" title="Julius Nyerere">Julius Nyerere</a><a href="#cite_note-400">[396]</a><a href="#cite_note-401">[397]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Tanganyika_%281961%E2%80%931964%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanganyika_%281961%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Tanganyika_%281961%E2%80%931964%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanganyika_%281961%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Tanganyika_%281961%E2%80%931964%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanganyika_%281961%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_(1961%E2%80%931964)" title="Tanganyika (1961–1964)">Tanganyika</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Tanganyika" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Tanganyika">Chief Minister</a> (1960–1961), <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tanganyika" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Tanganyika">Prime Minister</a> (1961–1962), <a href="/wiki/President_of_Tanganyika" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Tanganyika">President</a> (1962–1964) </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_Tanzania" title="President of Tanzania">President</a> (1964–1985) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reeves" title="Paul Reeves">Paul Reeves</a><a href="#cite_note-402">[398]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor-General</a> (1985–1990) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Lord John Russell</a><a href="#cite_note-403">[399]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>Prime Minister (1846–1852; 1865–1866) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Ninian_Stephen" title="Ninian Stephen">Ninian Stephen</a><a href="#cite_note-404">[400]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td>Governor-General (1982-1989) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Swinney" title="John Swinney">John Swinney</a><a href="#cite_note-405">[401]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="First Minister of Scotland">First Minister</a> (2024–) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Lord Palmerston</a><a href="#cite_note-406">[402]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>Prime Minister (1855–1858; 1859–1865) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Charles_Tupper" title="Charles Tupper">Charles Tupper</a><a href="#cite_note-407">[403]</a> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canada_(1896).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Canada_%281896%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Canada_%281896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Canada_%281896%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Canada_%281896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Canada_%281896%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Canada_%281896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> (1896) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Walker_(filibuster)" title="William Walker (filibuster)">William Walker</a><a href="#cite_note-408">[404]</a> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nicaragua_under_William_Walker_(1856-1857).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Nicaragua_under_William_Walker_%281856-1857%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nicaragua_under_William_Walker_%281856-1857%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Nicaragua_under_William_Walker_%281856-1857%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Nicaragua_under_William_Walker_%281856-1857%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Nicaragua_under_William_Walker_%281856-1857%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Nicaragua_under_William_Walker_%281856-1857%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1455" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">President</a> (1856–1857) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yun_Posun" class="mw-redirect" title="Yun Posun">Yun Posun</a> (尹潽善)<a href="#cite_note-409">[405]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea" title="President of South Korea">President</a> (1960–1962) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> The University of Edinburgh has featured prominently in a number of works of <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">popular culture</a>. <ul><li>The events of the <a href="/wiki/Burke_and_Hare_murders" title="Burke and Hare murders">Burke and Hare murders</a>, involving Edinburgh lecturer <a href="/wiki/Robert_Knox_(surgeon)" title="Robert Knox (surgeon)">Robert Knox</a> and the anatomical department, have made a wide range of appearances in popular culture.<a href="#cite_note-410">[406]</a> They became the basis for <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a>'s short story <a href="/wiki/The_Body_Snatcher" title="The Body Snatcher">The Body Snatcher</a> (1884), and most recently in 2010 for <a href="/wiki/Burke_%26_Hare_(2010_film)" title="Burke & Hare (2010 film)">Burke & Hare</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">black comedy</a> film starring <a href="/wiki/Simon_Pegg" title="Simon Pegg">Simon Pegg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andy_Serkis" title="Andy Serkis">Andy Serkis</a>. Scenes were filmed at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_Medical_School" title="University of Edinburgh Medical School">old School of Anatomy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-411">[407]</a></li> <li>Many of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a>'s works drew inspiration from his mentors at the university. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bell" title="Joseph Bell">Joseph Bell</a>, a lecturer and surgeon famous for drawing conclusions from minute observations, became the archetype for Conan Doyle's fictional detective <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock Holmes</a>. <a href="/wiki/William_Rutherford_(physiologist)" title="William Rutherford (physiologist)">William Rutherford</a>, Conan Doyle's physiology professor provided the template for <a href="/wiki/Professor_Challenger" title="Professor Challenger">Professor Challenger</a>, the protagonist of his science fiction work <a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World_(Doyle_novel)" title="The Lost World (Doyle novel)">The Lost World</a> (1912). Edinburgh is also Challenger's <a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">alma mater</a> in the books.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Manchu" title="Fu Manchu">Dr. Fu Manchu</a>, a fictional supervillain created by <a href="/wiki/Sax_Rohmer" title="Sax Rohmer">Sax Rohmer</a> in 1912, stated that "I am a doctor of philosophy from Edinburgh, a doctor of law from <a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="Christ's College, Cambridge">Christ's College</a>, a doctor of medicine from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a>. My friends, out of courtesy, call me 'Doctor'."<a href="#cite_note-412">[e]</a> In 2010, Fu Manchu's connections with the University where he supposedly obtained a doctorate were investigated in a mockumentary by <a href="/wiki/Miles_Jupp" title="Miles Jupp">Miles Jupp</a> (also an Edinburgh alumnus) for <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a>.<a href="#cite_note-413">[408]</a><a href="#cite_note-414">[409]</a></li> <li>In the movie <a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth_(1959_film)" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth (1959 film)">Journey to the Center of the Earth</a> (1959), an adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth">novel of the same name</a>, the protagonist Sir Oliver Lindenbrook is a Professor of Geology at the university. An early scene where Lindenbrook addresses the students is filmed at the central <a href="/wiki/Quadrangle_(architecture)" title="Quadrangle (architecture)">quadrangle</a> of <a href="/wiki/Old_College,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Old College, University of Edinburgh">Old College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-415">[410]</a></li> <li>The historical film <a href="/wiki/Chariots_of_Fire" title="Chariots of Fire">Chariots of Fire</a> (1981) is based on the story of Olympic runner and Edinburgh graduate <a href="/wiki/Eric_Liddell" title="Eric Liddell">Eric Liddell</a>, and includes scenes filmed outside of <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_Hall_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland">Assembly Hall</a>, New College.<a href="#cite_note-416">[411]</a> Liddell is played by <a href="/wiki/Ian_Charleson" title="Ian Charleson">Ian Charleson</a>, who is also an Edinburgh alumnus.</li> <li>In the novel <a href="/wiki/The_Last_King_of_Scotland" title="The Last King of Scotland">The Last King of Scotland</a> (1998) by <a href="/wiki/Giles_Foden" title="Giles Foden">Giles Foden</a>, the fictional protagonist Dr. Nicholas Garrigan is a medical doctor recently graduated from Edinburgh. The 2006 <a href="/wiki/The_Last_King_of_Scotland_(film)" title="The Last King of Scotland (film)">film of the same name</a> stars <a href="/wiki/James_McAvoy" title="James McAvoy">James McAvoy</a> in the role of Dr. Garrigan with the same background.</li> <li>In the American television show <a href="/wiki/NCIS_(TV_series)" title="NCIS (TV series)">NCIS</a> (2003–present), the chief medical examiner, <a href="/wiki/Dr._Donald_%22Ducky%22_Mallard" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Donald "Ducky" Mallard">Dr. Donald "Ducky" Mallard</a> studied medicine at Edinburgh. <a href="/wiki/Ari_Haswari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ari Haswari">Ari Haswari</a>, the show's main antagonist for the first two seasons, also studied medicine at Edinburgh.<a href="#cite_note-417">[412]</a></li> <li>In the novel <a href="/wiki/One_Day_(novel)" title="One Day (novel)">One Day</a> (2009), the lead characters Dexter and Emma both graduated from Edinburgh. A feature film based on the book, also titled <a href="/wiki/One_Day_(2011_film)" title="One Day (2011 film)">One Day</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hathaway" title="Anne Hathaway">Anne Hathaway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Sturgess" title="Jim Sturgess">Jim Sturgess</a> was released in August 2011, with some scenes filmed at the university.<a href="#cite_note-418">[413]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> adaptation of the movie started production in 2021, with filming occurring in the grounds of <a href="/wiki/Old_College,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Old College, University of Edinburgh">Old College</a> in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-419">[414]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> legal drama <a href="/wiki/Garrow%27s_Law" title="Garrow's Law">Garrow's Law</a> (2009–2011) was largely filmed in Edinburgh, despite being set in London. <a href="/wiki/Old_College,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Old College, University of Edinburgh">Old College</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Library" title="Edinburgh University Library">Playfair Library</a> are prominently featured.<a href="#cite_note-420">[415]</a></li> <li>The thriller television series <a href="/wiki/Clique_(TV_series)" title="Clique (TV series)">Clique</a> (2017–2019) produced by <a href="/wiki/BBC_Three" title="BBC Three">BBC Three</a> focuses on two students at the university. The series was shot largely on location in Edinburgh, including <a href="/wiki/The_Meadows,_Edinburgh" title="The Meadows, Edinburgh">The Meadows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_College,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Old College, University of Edinburgh">Old College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Potterrow_Student_Centre" title="Potterrow Student Centre">Potterrow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-421">[416]</a><a href="#cite_note-422">[417]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F9_(film)" title="F9 (film)">Fast & Furious 9</a> (2021), partly set in Edinburgh, featured scenes in and around <a href="/wiki/Old_College,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Old College, University of Edinburgh">Old College</a> filmed in September 2019.<a href="#cite_note-423">[418]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Edinburgh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_Edinburgh.svg/32px-Flag_of_Edinburgh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_Edinburgh.svg/48px-Flag_of_Edinburgh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_Edinburgh.svg/64px-Flag_of_Edinburgh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="255" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Edinburgh" title="Portal:Edinburgh">Edinburgh portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/64px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Scotland portal</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Academic dress of the University of Edinburgh">Academic dress of the University of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_UK_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorial of UK universities">Armorial of UK universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Prize_for_Therapeutics_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh">Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Suffolk_Park,_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="East Suffolk Park, Edinburgh">East Suffolk Park, Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Settlement" title="Edinburgh University Settlement">Edinburgh University Settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistemics" class="mw-redirect" title="Epistemics">Epistemics</a>, a term for <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science" title="Cognitive science">cognitive science</a> coined in 1969 by the University of Edinburgh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gifford_Lectures" title="Gifford Lectures">Gifford Lectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspace" title="Inspace">Inspace</a>, campus events and exhibition space</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tait_Black_Memorial_Prize" title="James Tait Black Memorial Prize">James Tait Black Memorial Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_early_modern_universities_in_Europe" title="List of early modern universities in Europe">List of early modern universities in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organisations_with_a_British_royal_charter" title="List of organisations with a British royal charter">List of organisations with a British royal charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_professorships_at_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="List of professorships at the University of Edinburgh">List of professorships at the University of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">List of universities in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Statistics_Agency" title="Higher Education Statistics Agency">HESA</a> numbers given here are significantly lower than those reported by the university, since HESA does not include non-graduating and visiting students, postgraduates writing up, and online learning students living abroad.<a href="#cite_note-Student_Figures_2020/21-6">[6]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> Includes those who indicate in their UCAS application that they identify as <a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed Heritage</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Arabs" title="British Arabs">Arab</a> or any other ethnicity except White. </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> Calculated from the Polar4 measure, using Quintile1, in England and Wales. Calculated from the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Index_of_Multiple_Deprivation" title="Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation">Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation</a> (SIMD) measure, using SIMD20, in Scotland. </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> Following <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a>, the UK will no longer participate in the next Erasmus+ programme (2021–2027), but funding remains available for students to go abroad under the current programme until 31 May 2023.<a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-412"><a href="#cite_ref-412">^</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Mask_of_Fu_Manchu" title="The Mask of Fu Manchu">The Mask of Fu Manchu</a>, 1932 </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search?query=%22Universitas+Academica+Edinburgensis%22&sin=TXT">"Search"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archive&rft.atitle=Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3D%2522Universitas%2BAcademica%2BEdinburgensis%2522%26sin%3DTXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Our_History-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Our_History_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Our_History_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Our_History_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Our_History_2-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Opening_of_Edinburgh_University,_1583">"Opening of Edinburgh University, 1583"</a>. 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Retrieved 24 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Staff+Headcount+%26+Full+Time+Equivalent+Statistics+%28FTE%29+as+at+Oct-22&rft.pub=Human+Resources%2C+The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2022-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.docs.csg.ed.ac.uk%2FHumanResources%2FStaffNumbers.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HESAWhere2024-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HESAWhere2024_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HESAWhere2024_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HESAWhere2024_5-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/where-study">"Where do HE students study?"</a>. Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) www.hesa.ac.uk. 2024. Retrieved 17 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Higher+Education+Statistics+Agency+%28HESA%29+www.hesa.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Where+do+HE+students+study%3F&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hesa.ac.uk%2Fdata-and-analysis%2Fstudents%2Fwhere-study&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Student_Figures_2020/21-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Student_Figures_2020/21_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Student_Figures_2020/21_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Student_Figures_2020/21_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Student_Figures_2020/21_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Student_Figures_2020/21_6-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.docs.sasg.ed.ac.uk/gasp/factsheet/Student_Factsheet_31072021.pdf">"Factsheet of Student Figures"</a> (PDF). Strategic Planning, The University of Edinburgh. 11 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814195804/http://www.docs.sasg.ed.ac.uk/gasp/factsheet/Student_Factsheet_31072021.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Factsheet+of+Student+Figures&rft.pub=Strategic+Planning%2C+The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2021-08-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.docs.sasg.ed.ac.uk%2Fgasp%2Ffactsheet%2FStudent_Factsheet_31072021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uoe.sharepoint.com/sites/Brand/SitePages/Corporate-colours.aspx">"Edinburgh's core colours"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 17 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edinburgh%27s+core+colours&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuoe.sharepoint.com%2Fsites%2FBrand%2FSitePages%2FCorporate-colours.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoss2004" class="citation journal cs1">Moss, Michael S. (June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3489575">"Reviewed Work: The University of Edinburgh: An Illustrated History by Robert D. Anderson, Michael Lynch, Nicholas Phillipson"</a>. 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The University of Edinburgh. 9 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210824180329/https://www.ed.ac.uk/student-recruitment/admissions-advice/admissions-statistics">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Undergraduate+admissions+statistics&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2023-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fstudent-recruitment%2Fadmissions-advice%2Fadmissions-statistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Princess_Anne-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Princess_Anne_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Princess_Anne_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/all-news/chancellor-040411">"New Chancellor elected"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923234918/http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/all-news/chancellor-040411">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Chancellor+elected&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fnews%2Fall-news%2Fchancellor-040411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/alumni/services/notable-alumni/alumni-in-history">"Alumni in history"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417164057/https://www.ed.ac.uk/alumni/services/notable-alumni/alumni-in-history">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alumni+in+history&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Falumni%2Fservices%2Fnotable-alumni%2Falumni-in-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/about/people/plaques">"Commemorative plaques"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. 14 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230529212205/https://www.ed.ac.uk/about/people/plaques">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commemorative+plaques&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2019-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fpeople%2Fplaques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Will-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Will_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Will_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Will_20-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Will_20-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Will_of_Bishop_Robert_Reid,_1557">"Will of Bishop Robert Reid, 1557"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128155215/http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Will_of_Bishop_Robert_Reid,_1557">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Will+of+Bishop+Robert+Reid%2C+1557&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FWill_of_Bishop_Robert_Reid%2C_1557&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Charter_by_King_James_VI,_14_April_1582">"Charter by King James VI"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128055056/http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Charter_by_King_James_VI,_14_April_1582">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charter+by+King+James+VI&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FCharter_by_King_James_VI%2C_14_April_1582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant1884" class="citation book cs1">Grant, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyuniversity01grangoog">The Story of the University of Edinburgh During Its First Three Hundred Years</a>. London: Longmans, Green & Co. Retrieved 14 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+University+of+Edinburgh+During+Its+First+Three+Hundred+Years&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green+%26+Co.&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoryuniversity01grangoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorner1993" class="citation book cs1">Horner, Winifred Bryan (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mSffiLqVtuUC&pg=PA19">Nineteenth-century Scottish Rhetoric: The American Connection</a>. Southern Illinois University Press. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780809314706" title="Special:BookSources/9780809314706"><bdi>9780809314706</bdi></a>. Retrieved 13 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nineteenth-century+Scottish+Rhetoric%3A+The+American+Connection&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Southern+Illinois+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780809314706&rft.aulast=Horner&rft.aufirst=Winifred+Bryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmSffiLqVtuUC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/University-of-Edinburgh">"University of Edinburgh"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019141322/https://www.britannica.com/topic/University-of-Edinburgh">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Edinburgh&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FUniversity-of-Edinburgh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHermansNelissen2005" class="citation book cs1">Hermans, Jos. M. M.; Nelissen, Marc (1 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QE-P0ffkTUoC&pg=PA4">Charters of Foundation and Early Documents of the Universities of the Coimbra Group</a>. Leuven University Press. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-5867-474-6" title="Special:BookSources/90-5867-474-6"><bdi>90-5867-474-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 19 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charters+of+Foundation+and+Early+Documents+of+the+Universities+of+the+Coimbra+Group&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Leuven+University+Press&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.isbn=90-5867-474-6&rft.aulast=Hermans&rft.aufirst=Jos.+M.+M.&rft.au=Nelissen%2C+Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQE-P0ffkTUoC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robert_Rollock-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robert_Rollock_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robert_Rollock_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Robert_Rollock_(1555-1599)">"Our History – Robert Rollock (1555-1599)"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211108153841/http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Robert_Rollock_(1555-1599)">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+History+%E2%80%93+Robert+Rollock+%281555-1599%29&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FRobert_Rollock_%281555-1599%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWormald1983" class="citation book cs1">Wormald, Jenny (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1tqxtnk">Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland 1470-1625</a> (2nd ed.). Edinburgh University Press. p. 288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-2901-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-2901-5"><bdi>978-0-7486-2901-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1tqxtnk">10.3366/j.ctt1tqxtnk</a>. Retrieved 13 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Court%2C+Kirk%2C+and+Community%3A+Scotland+1470-1625&rft.pages=288&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.3366%2Fj.ctt1tqxtnk%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-2901-5&rft.aulast=Wormald&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.3366%2Fj.ctt1tqxtnk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/James_VI_and_I">"Our History – James VI and I"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210819102706/http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/James_VI_and_I">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+History+%E2%80%93+James+VI+and+I&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FJames_VI_and_I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/University_of_Edinburgh">"Our History – University of Edinburgh"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211108145359/http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/University_of_Edinburgh">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+History+%E2%80%93+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FUniversity_of_Edinburgh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jacobite_Staff-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jacobite_Staff_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jacobite_Staff_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Purge_of_Episcopalian_and_Jacobite_Staff,_1690">"Our History – Purge of Episcopalian and Jacobite Staff, 1690"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210914095716/http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Purge_of_Episcopalian_and_Jacobite_Staff,_1690">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+History+%E2%80%93+Purge+of+Episcopalian+and+Jacobite+Staff%2C+1690&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FPurge_of_Episcopalian_and_Jacobite_Staff%2C_1690&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/presidents/thomas-jefferson/letters-of-thomas-jefferson/jefl48.php">"To Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr. Paris, Aug. 27, 1786"</a>. University of Groningen. Retrieved 15 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=To+Thomas+Mann+Randolph%2C+Jr.+Paris%2C+Aug.+27%2C+1786&rft.pub=University+of+Groningen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.let.rug.nl%2Fusa%2Fpresidents%2Fthomas-jefferson%2Fletters-of-thomas-jefferson%2Fjefl48.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Town_Council-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Town_Council_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Town_Council_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Town_Council_32-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Town_Council">"Our History – Town Council"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171108091343/http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Town_Council">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+History+%E2%80%93+Town+Council&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FTown_Council&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Main_Page">"Our history"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210811231001/http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Main_Page">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+history&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FMain_Page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Foundation_of_Chair_of_Rhetoric_and_Belles_Lettres,_1760">"Foundation of Chair of Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, 1760"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211002195231/http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Foundation_of_Chair_of_Rhetoric_and_Belles_Lettres,_1760">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foundation+of+Chair+of+Rhetoric+and+Belles+Lettres%2C+1760&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FFoundation_of_Chair_of_Rhetoric_and_Belles_Lettres%2C_1760&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anniversary-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anniversary_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anniversary_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501142221/http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/literatures-languages-cultures/english-literature/news-events/250-anniversary-english-literature/250-anniversary-english">"250th Anniversary of English Literature"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. 18 October 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/literatures-languages-cultures/english-literature/news-events/250-anniversary-english-literature/250-anniversary-english">the original</a> on 1 May 2013. 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The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011080955/https://www.ed.ac.uk/files/atoms/files/edinburgh-self-guided-tour.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 11 October 2021. 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The Edinburgh Evening News - The Scotsman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231203150656/https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/heritage-and-retro/retro/this-edinburgh-students-snowball-fight-ended-with-the-army-being-sent-in-3067467">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2023. 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Retrieved 19 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Trailblazing+women+in+medicine%3A+laurels+at+last+for+Edinburgh+Seven&rft.volume=394&rft.issue=10195&rft.pages=294-295&rft.date=2019-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205990929%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31285040&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0140-6736%2819%2931565-x&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2819%2931565-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/First_Graduation_of_Female_Students,_1893">"First Graduation of Female Students, 1893"</a>. 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BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825010521/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-46180368">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2021. 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Retrieved 15 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+History+%E2%80%93+Medical+School&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FMedical_School&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Opening_of_New_Medical_School,_1884">"Opening of New Medical School, 1884"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815205020/http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Opening_of_New_Medical_School,_1884">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2021. 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The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210926154604/http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Foundation_of_Students%27_Representative_Council,_1884">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foundation+of+Students%27+Representative+Council%2C+1884&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FFoundation_of_Students%2527_Representative_Council%2C_1884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWintersgill2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wintersgill, Donald (8 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/100753">"Bell, Robert Fitzroy (1859–1908)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F100753">10.1093/ref:odnb/100753</a>. Retrieved 14 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bell%2C+Robert+Fitzroy+%281859%E2%80%931908%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009-10-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F100753&rft.aulast=Wintersgill&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F100753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-university_union-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-university_union_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-university_union_62-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-university_union_62-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Opening_of_University_Union,_1889">"Opening of University Union, 1889"</a>. 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The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240822182431/https://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Foundation_of_Edinburgh_University_Students'_Association,_1973">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2024. 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The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815205200/http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Laying_of_Foundation_Stone_of_King%27s_Buildings%2C_1920">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laying+of+Foundation+Stone+of+King%27s+Buildings%2C+1920&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FLaying_of_Foundation_Stone_of_King%2527s_Buildings%2C_1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/King%27s_Buildings">"Our History – King's Buildings"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. 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Retrieved 15 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foundation+of+New+College%2C+1846&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FFoundation_of_New_College%2C_1846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Faculty_of_Divinity">"Faculty of Divinity"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405121147/https://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Faculty_of_Divinity">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Faculty+of+Divinity&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FFaculty_of_Divinity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1996" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Stewart J. (1 July 1996). "The Disruption and the Dream: The Making of New College 1843–1861". In Wright, David F.; Badcock, Gary D. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/disruption-to-diversity-9780567085177/">Disruption to Diversity: Edinburgh Divinity 1846-1996</a>. Edinburgh: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 29–50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0567085177" title="Special:BookSources/978-0567085177"><bdi>978-0567085177</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814202808/https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/disruption-to-diversity-9780567085177/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2021. 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The University of Edinburgh. 23 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210820182830/https://www.ed.ac.uk/medicine-vet-medicine/about/history/polish-school">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Polish+School+of+Medicine+at+the+University+of+Edinburgh+%281941-1949%29&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2015-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fmedicine-vet-medicine%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fpolish-school&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Foundation_of_Polish_School_of_Medicine,_1941">"Foundation of Polish School of Medicine, 1941"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 14 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foundation+of+Polish+School+of+Medicine%2C+1941&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FFoundation_of_Polish_School_of_Medicine%2C_1941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://polishscottishheritage.co.uk/?heritage_item=the-polish-school-of-medicine-at-the-university-of-edinburgh-1941-1949">"The Polish School of Medicine"</a>. 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Retrieved 21 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Polish+School+of+Medicine&rft.pub=Polish-Scottish+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolishscottishheritage.co.uk%2F%3Fheritage_item%3Dthe-polish-school-of-medicine-at-the-university-of-edinburgh-1941-1949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/vet/about/history/william-dick">"William Dick – a pioneer of veterinary education"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. 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Retrieved 11 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Integration+of+Royal+%28Dick%29+Veterinary+College%2C+1951&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FIntegration_of_Royal_%28Dick%29_Veterinary_College%2C_1951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYarwood2024" class="citation cs2">Yarwood, Dianne (11 January 2024), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-90000382489">"Carter, Gladys Beaumont (1887–1959), midwife and nurse"</a>, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fodnb%2F9780198614128.013.90000382489">10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000382489</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861412-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861412-8"><bdi>978-0-19-861412-8</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240822182341/https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-90000382489">archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2024, retrieved 7 February 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.atitle=Carter%2C+Gladys+Beaumont+%281887%E2%80%931959%29%2C+midwife+and+nurse&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fodnb%2F9780198614128.013.90000382489&rft.isbn=978-0-19-861412-8&rft.aulast=Yarwood&rft.aufirst=Dianne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-90000382489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9XZAAAAAIBAJ&pg=3357%2C5107619">"Edinburgh's student roll now 7,400"</a>. 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The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814195804/http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Merger_with_Moray_House_Institute_of_Education,_1998">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2021. 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The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010223325/https://www.ed.ac.uk/files/atoms/files/campus-maps.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Campus+maps&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Ffiles%2Fatoms%2Ffiles%2Fcampus-maps.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stcecilias.ed.ac.uk/about/">"St Cecilia's Hall – About The Museum"</a>. 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The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240822184443/https://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Cloning_of_Dolly_the_Sheep,_1996">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cloning+of+Dolly+the+Sheep%2C+1996&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FCloning_of_Dolly_the_Sheep%2C_1996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/University_Court">"University Court"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815223052/http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/University_Court">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+Court&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FUniversity_Court&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/General_Council">"General Council"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815223056/http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/General_Council">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Council&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FGeneral_Council&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Senatus_Academicus">"Senatus Academicus"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815223051/http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Senatus_Academicus">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Senatus+Academicus&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FSenatus_Academicus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chancellor-143">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chancellor_143-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chancellor_143-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/about/people/officials/chancellor">"The Chancellor"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. 14 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171202143226/https://www.ed.ac.uk/about/people/officials/chancellor">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 17 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Chancellor&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2019-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fpeople%2Fofficials%2Fchancellor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Principal-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Principal_144-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Principal_144-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/principals-office/principal-and-vice-chancellor-role">"The role of Principal and Vice-Chancellor"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817095551/https://www.ed.ac.uk/principals-office/principal-and-vice-chancellor-role">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+role+of+Principal+and+Vice-Chancellor&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fprincipals-office%2Fprincipal-and-vice-chancellor-role&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/principals-office/principal-biography">"Principal and Vice-Chancellor"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817095540/https://www.ed.ac.uk/principals-office/principal-biography">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Principal+and+Vice-Chancellor&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fprincipals-office%2Fprincipal-biography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rector-146">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rector_146-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rector_146-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/about/people/officials/rector">"The Rector"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815090317/https://www.ed.ac.uk/about/people/officials/rector">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rector&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2021-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fpeople%2Fofficials%2Frector&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-68272222">"Activist Simon Fanshawe named as University of Edinburgh rector"</a>. BBC News. 12 February 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240229100742/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-68272222">Archived</a> from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Activist+Simon+Fanshawe+named+as+University+of+Edinburgh+rector&rft.date=2024-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-68272222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Reconstitution_of_Faculties_into_Colleges,_2002">"Reconstitution of Faculties into Colleges, 2002"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210901084729/http://ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/Reconstitution_of_Faculties_into_Colleges,_2002">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reconstitution+of+Faculties+into+Colleges%2C+2002&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk%2Findex.php%2FReconstitution_of_Faculties_into_Colleges%2C_2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/colleges-schools">"Colleges and schools"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. 20 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210901084736/https://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/colleges-schools">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colleges+and+schools&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2019-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fschools-departments%2Fcolleges-schools&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/students/2016/college-renamed-to-reflect-growth-in-arts">"College renamed to reflect growth in arts"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. 28 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161021195421/http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/students/2016/college-renamed-to-reflect-growth-in-arts">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=College+renamed+to+reflect+growth+in+arts&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2016-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fnews%2Fstudents%2F2016%2Fcollege-renamed-to-reflect-growth-in-arts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/undergraduate/degrees">"Undergraduate degree finder"</a>. University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211102030926/https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/undergraduate/degrees">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Edinburgh&rft.atitle=Undergraduate+degree+finder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fstudying%2Fundergraduate%2Fdegrees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/postgraduate/degrees">"Postgraduate degree finder"</a>. University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929060327/https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/postgraduate/degrees">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Edinburgh&rft.atitle=Postgraduate+degree+finder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fstudying%2Fpostgraduate%2Fdegrees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/arts-humanities-soc-sci/about-us/teaching-learning">"Teaching and learning"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. 10 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211106181826/https://www.ed.ac.uk/arts-humanities-soc-sci/about-us/teaching-learning">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Teaching+and+learning&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2021-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Farts-humanities-soc-sci%2Fabout-us%2Fteaching-learning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2021/english-language-literature">"QS World University Rankings by Subject 2021: English Language and Literature"</a>. Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240822184551/https://www.topuniversities.com/university-subject-rankings/english-language-literature/2021">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QS+World+University+Rankings+by+Subject+2021%3A+English+Language+and+Literature&rft.pub=Quacquarelli+Symonds+Ltd.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuniversities.com%2Funiversity-rankings%2Funiversity-subject-rankings%2F2021%2Fenglish-language-literature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HR_2021-155">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HR_2021_155-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HR_2021_155-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HR_2021_155-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.docs.csg.ed.ac.uk/HumanResources/StaffNumbers.htm">"Staff Headcount & Full Time Equivalent Statistics (FTE) as at Sep-21"</a>. Human Resources, The University of Edinburgh. September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225072111/http://www.docs.csg.ed.ac.uk/HumanResources/StaffNumbers.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 19 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Staff+Headcount+%26+Full+Time+Equivalent+Statistics+%28FTE%29+as+at+Sep-21&rft.pub=Human+Resources%2C+The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2021-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.docs.csg.ed.ac.uk%2FHumanResources%2FStaffNumbers.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy2016" class="citation book cs1">Eddy, Matthew D. (15 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315238807">The Language of Mineralogy: John Walker, Chemistry and the Edinburgh Medical School, 1750–1800</a>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315238807">10.4324/9781315238807</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781138265646" title="Special:BookSources/9781138265646"><bdi>9781138265646</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240822184555/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315238807/language-mineralogy-matthew-eddy">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Language+of+Mineralogy%3A+John+Walker%2C+Chemistry+and+the+Edinburgh+Medical+School%2C+1750%E2%80%931800&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-11-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315238807&rft.isbn=9781138265646&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Matthew+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4324%2F9781315238807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/medicine-vet-medicine/about/history/medical-school">"College Overview"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 18 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=College+Overview&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fschools-departments%2Fmedicine-vet-medicine%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fmedical-school&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/about/people/prize-winners/nobel">"Nobel Prizes"</a>. University of Edinburgh. 6 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180718114636/https://www.ed.ac.uk/about/people/prize-winners/nobel">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 4 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nobel+Prizes&rft.pub=University+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2019-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fpeople%2Fprize-winners%2Fnobel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/best-universities-for-medicine-the-times-league-table-v5kfjnwp0">"Best universities for medicine: The Times league table"</a>. The Times. London. 17 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220513153158/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/best-universities-for-medicine-the-times-league-table-v5kfjnwp0">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Best+universities+for+medicine%3A+The+Times+league+table&rft.date=2021-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fbest-universities-for-medicine-the-times-league-table-v5kfjnwp0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/ng-interactive/2021/sep/11/the-best-uk-universities-2022-rankings">"University guide 2021: Medicine"</a>. The Guardian. London. 11 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220406135204/https://www.theguardian.com/education/ng-interactive/2021/sep/11/the-best-uk-universities-2022-rankings">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=University+guide+2021%3A+Medicine&rft.date=2021-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2Fng-interactive%2F2021%2Fsep%2F11%2Fthe-best-uk-universities-2022-rankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/best-universities/best-universities-medicine">"QS World Rankings by Faculty Life Science/Medicine"</a>. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220604160003/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/best-universities/best-universities-medicine">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2022. Retrieved 4 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QS+World+Rankings+by+Faculty+Life+Science%2FMedicine&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fstudent%2Fbest-universities%2Fbest-universities-medicine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.med.scot.nhs.uk/hospitals/rie/information/about">"About The Royal"</a>. NHS Lothian's Medical Education Directorate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221005082541/https://www.med.scot.nhs.uk/hospitals/rie/information/about">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+The+Royal&rft.pub=NHS+Lothian%27s+Medical+Education+Directorate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.med.scot.nhs.uk%2Fhospitals%2Frie%2Finformation%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/surgery/clinical-specialties/colorectal-surgery/for-patients-and-families/hospitals/western-general-hospital">"Western General Hospital"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. 5 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220619202045/https://www.ed.ac.uk/surgery/clinical-specialties/colorectal-surgery/for-patients-and-families/hospitals/western-general-hospital">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Western+General+Hospital&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2019-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fsurgery%2Fclinical-specialties%2Fcolorectal-surgery%2Ffor-patients-and-families%2Fhospitals%2Fwestern-general-hospital&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/inflammation-research/child-life-and-health/about-child-life-and-health">"About Child Life and Health"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220928131751/https://www.ed.ac.uk/inflammation-research/child-life-and-health/about-child-life-and-health">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.atitle=About+Child+Life+and+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Finflammation-research%2Fchild-life-and-health%2Fabout-child-life-and-health&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cse-165">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cse_165-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cse_165-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/science-engineering/about/history">"About the College"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501150305/http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/science-engineering/about/history">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+College&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fschools-departments%2Fscience-engineering%2Fabout%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/sub-units">"Sub-units, centres and institutes"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. 30 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625093912/https://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/sub-units">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sub-units%2C+centres+and+institutes&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2021-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fschools-departments%2Fsub-units&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.docs.csg.ed.ac.uk/HumanResources/StaffNumbers.htm">Staff Population Statistics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928165430/https://www.docs.csg.ed.ac.uk/HumanResources/StaffNumbers.htm">Archived</a> 28 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Official site. </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support-for-researchers.ed.ac.uk/getting-started/community-networking">Community & Networking</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230927162159/https://support-for-researchers.ed.ac.uk/getting-started/community-networking">Archived</a> 27 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Official site. </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support-for-researchers.ed.ac.uk/getting-started/community-networking/research-staff-societies">Current Research Staff Societies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230927161722/https://support-for-researchers.ed.ac.uk/getting-started/community-networking/research-staff-societies">Archived</a> 27 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Official site. </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support-for-researchers.ed.ac.uk/getting-started/community-networking/research-networks">University Research Networks & Centres</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230927143013/https://support-for-researchers.ed.ac.uk/getting-started/community-networking/research-networks">Archived</a> 27 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Official site. </li> <li id="cite_note-SPN-171">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SPN_171-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SPN_171-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/equality-diversity/edi-groups/staffpride-network">"Contacts and Committee"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. 3 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145314/https://www.ed.ac.uk/equality-diversity/edi-groups/staffpride-network">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.atitle=Contacts+and+Committee&rft.date=2020-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fequality-diversity%2Fedi-groups%2Fstaffpride-network&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://equality-diversity.ed.ac.uk/edi-groups/edic-thematic-subcommittees">Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Committee (EDIC)</a>. Official site. </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support-for-researchers.ed.ac.uk/getting-started/community-networking/staff-networks">Staff Networks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230927161112/https://support-for-researchers.ed.ac.uk/getting-started/community-networking/staff-networks">Archived</a> 27 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Official site. </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/equality-diversity/edi-groups/disabled-staff-network">Disabled Staff Network</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230923170831/https://www.ed.ac.uk/equality-diversity/edi-groups/disabled-staff-network">Archived</a> 23 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/equality-diversity/edi-groups/staff-bame-network">"Staff BAME Network"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921175242/https://www.ed.ac.uk/equality-diversity/edi-groups/staff-bame-network">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Staff+BAME+Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fequality-diversity%2Fedi-groups%2Fstaff-bame-network&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.ed.ac.uk/eren/">Edinburgh Race Equality Network</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928165429/https://blogs.ed.ac.uk/eren/">Archived</a> 28 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://equality-diversity.ed.ac.uk/edi-groups/jewish-staff-network">Jewish Staff Network</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240716122904/https://equality-diversity.ed.ac.uk/edi-groups/jewish-staff-network">Archived</a> 16 July 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucu.org.uk/">University & College Union</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230906192323/https://www.ucu.org.uk/">Archived</a> 6 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucuedinburgh.org.uk/">UCU</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928165428/https://www.ucuedinburgh.org.uk/">Archived</a> 28 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.ed.ac.uk/iad4researchers/2021/06/28/new-long-term-research-staff-network/">"IAD4RESEARCHERS"</a>. 28 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928165431/https://blogs.ed.ac.uk/iad4researchers/2021/06/28/new-long-term-research-staff-network/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IAD4RESEARCHERS&rft.date=2021-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.ed.ac.uk%2Fiad4researchers%2F2021%2F06%2F28%2Fnew-long-term-research-staff-network%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/technicians">Support for Technicians</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240822184452/https://technicians.ed.ac.uk/">Archived</a> 22 August 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/technicians/technician-steering-committee">"Technician Steering Committee"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928165450/https://www.ed.ac.uk/technicians/technician-steering-committee">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Technician+Steering+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Ftechnicians%2Ftechnician-steering-committee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucuedinburgh.org.uk/marking-and-assessment-boycott-faqs">"Marking and Assessment Boycott FAQs"</a>. UCU Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928165430/https://www.ucuedinburgh.org.uk/marking-and-assessment-boycott-faqs">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2023. 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Retrieved 1 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Filmed+Here%3A+One+Day&rft.pub=Film+Edinburgh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmedinburgh.org%2FFilmed-Here%2FOne-Day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-419"><a href="#cite_ref-419">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edinburghlive.co.uk/news/edinburgh-news/new-netflix-series-one-day-24543092">"New Netflix series One Day spotted filming 'grad ball' at Edinburgh University"</a>. edinburghlive. 20 July 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Netflix+series+One+Day+spotted+filming+%27grad+ball%27+at+Edinburgh+University&rft.pub=edinburghlive&rft.date=2022-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.edinburghlive.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fedinburgh-news%2Fnew-netflix-series-one-day-24543092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-420"><a href="#cite_ref-420">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edinburgh.org/edinburgh-on-film/edinburgh-crime-drama-film-locations/garrows-law/">"Garrow's Law Film Locations in Edinburgh"</a>. Forever Edinburgh. Retrieved 1 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Garrow%27s+Law+Film+Locations+in+Edinburgh&rft.pub=Forever+Edinburgh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedinburgh.org%2Fedinburgh-on-film%2Fedinburgh-crime-drama-film-locations%2Fgarrows-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-421"><a href="#cite_ref-421">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.filmedinburgh.org/News/Clique-Moves-to-BBC-One-44261">"Clique Moves to BBC One"</a>. Film Edinburgh. Retrieved 1 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clique+Moves+to+BBC+One&rft.pub=Film+Edinburgh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmedinburgh.org%2FNews%2FClique-Moves-to-BBC-One-44261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-422"><a href="#cite_ref-422">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/edinburgh-streets-feature-second-series-bbcs-clique-219187">"Edinburgh streets to feature in second series of BBC's Clique"</a>. Edinburgh Evening News. 9 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231124000951/https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/edinburgh-streets-to-feature-in-second-series-of-bbcs-clique-219187">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Edinburgh+Evening+News&rft.atitle=Edinburgh+streets+to+feature+in+second+series+of+BBC%27s+Clique&rft.date=2018-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.edinburghnews.scotsman.com%2Farts-and-culture%2Fedinburgh-streets-feature-second-series-bbcs-clique-219187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-423"><a href="#cite_ref-423">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaishman2019" class="citation news cs1">Maishman, Elsa (20 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/people/fast-and-furious-9-police-called-drone-used-filming-crashes-university-edinburgh-set-641659">"Fast and Furious 9: Police called as drone used in filming crashes at University of Edinburgh set"</a>. Edinburgh Evening News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231124000542/https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/people/fast-and-furious-9-police-called-as-drone-used-in-filming-crashes-at-university-of-edinburgh-set-641659">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Edinburgh+Evening+News&rft.atitle=Fast+and+Furious+9%3A+Police+called+as+drone+used+in+filming+crashes+at+University+of+Edinburgh+set&rft.date=2019-09-20&rft.aulast=Maishman&rft.aufirst=Elsa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.edinburghnews.scotsman.com%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Ffast-and-furious-9-police-called-drone-used-filming-crashes-university-edinburgh-set-641659&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonLynchPhillipson2003" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Robert D.; Lynch, Michael; Phillipson, Nicholas T. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctvxcrfz5">The University of Edinburgh: An Illustrated History</a>. Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780748616466" title="Special:BookSources/9780748616466"><bdi>9780748616466</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctvxcrfz5">10.3366/j.ctvxcrfz5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+University+of+Edinburgh%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.3366%2Fj.ctvxcrfz5%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=9780748616466&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.&rft.au=Lynch%2C+Michael&rft.au=Phillipson%2C+Nicholas+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.3366%2Fj.ctvxcrfz5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraufurd1808" class="citation book cs1">Craufurd, Thomas (1808). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCsBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1">History of the University of Edinburgh, from 1580 to 1646: To Which is Prefixed the Charter Granted to the College by James VI of Scotland, in 1582</a>. Edinburgh: A. Neill & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+University+of+Edinburgh%2C+from+1580+to+1646%3A+To+Which+is+Prefixed+the+Charter+Granted+to+the+College+by+James+VI+of+Scotland%2C+in+1582&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=A.+Neill+%26+Co.&rft.date=1808&rft.aulast=Craufurd&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZCsBAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalzel1862" class="citation book cs1">Dalzel, Andrew (1862). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v3JLAAAAcAAJ&dq=History+of+the+University+of+Edinburgh+from+Its+Foundation&pg=PA1">History of the University of Edinburgh from Its Foundation</a>. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+University+of+Edinburgh+from+Its+Foundation&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Edmonston+and+Douglas&rft.date=1862&rft.aulast=Dalzel&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv3JLAAAAcAAJ%26dq%3DHistory%2Bof%2Bthe%2BUniversity%2Bof%2BEdinburgh%2Bfrom%2BIts%2BFoundation%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant1884" class="citation book cs1">Grant, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qp4z46xElzsC&dq=The+Story+of+the+University+of+Edinburgh+During+Its+First+Three+Hundred+Years&pg=PA1">The Story of the University of Edinburgh During Its First Three Hundred Years</a>. London: Longmans, Green & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+University+of+Edinburgh+During+Its+First+Three+Hundred+Years&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green+%26+Co.&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQp4z46xElzsC%26dq%3DThe%2BStory%2Bof%2Bthe%2BUniversity%2Bof%2BEdinburgh%2BDuring%2BIts%2BFirst%2BThree%2BHundred%2BYears%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaynesFenton2017" class="citation book cs1">Haynes, Nick; Fenton, Clive B. (2017). Building Knowledge: An Architectural History of the University of Edinburgh. Historic Environment Scotland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849172462" title="Special:BookSources/9781849172462"><bdi>9781849172462</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+Knowledge%3A+An+Architectural+History+of+the+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.pub=Historic+Environment+Scotland&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781849172462&rft.aulast=Haynes&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft.au=Fenton%2C+Clive+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Edinburgh" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> University of Edinburgh at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:University_of_Edinburgh" class="extiw" title="c:Category:University of Edinburgh">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" class="extiw" title="n:University of Edinburgh">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160302" class="extiw" title="d:Q160302">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160302#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euppublishing.com/">Edinburgh University Press website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eusa.ed.ac.uk">Edinburgh University Students' Association website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eusu.ed.ac.uk/">Edinburgh University Sports Union website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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style="background:#041E42; color: white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:University_of_Edinburgh" title="Template:University of Edinburgh"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:University_of_Edinburgh" title="Template talk:University of Edinburgh"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:University_of_Edinburgh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:University of Edinburgh"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="University_of_Edinburgh" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Edinburgh</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#041E42; color: white;;width:1%;background:#D50032; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_university_governance_in_Scotland" title="Ancient university governance in Scotland">Governance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh">Chancellor</a>: <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Anne, Princess Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Principals_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Principals of the University of Edinburgh">Principal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mathieson_(nephrologist)" title="Peter Mathieson (nephrologist)">Sir Peter Mathieson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rector_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Rector of the University of Edinburgh">Rector</a>: <a href="/wiki/Simon_Fanshawe" title="Simon Fanshawe">Simon Fanshawe</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="University Court">University Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_senate" title="Academic senate">Senatus Academicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_council_(Scottish_university)" title="General council (Scottish university)">General Council</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Old_College,_University_of_Edinburgh_(24923171570).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Old_College%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%2824923171570%29.jpg/150px-Old_College%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%2824923171570%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Old_College%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%2824923171570%29.jpg/225px-Old_College%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%2824923171570%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Old_College%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%2824923171570%29.jpg/300px-Old_College%2C_University_of_Edinburgh_%2824923171570%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#041E42; color: white;;width:1%;background:#D50032; color: white;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Academic dress of the University of Edinburgh">Academic dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Reid_(bishop)" title="Robert Reid (bishop)">Robert Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rollock" title="Robert Rollock">Robert Rollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Seven" title="Edinburgh Seven">Edinburgh Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plinian_Society" title="Plinian Society">Plinian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_School_of_Medicine" title="Polish School of Medicine">Polish School of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privileged_bodies_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Privileged bodies of the United Kingdom">Privileged bodies of the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Scottish_Universities_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Combined Scottish Universities (UK Parliament constituency)">Combined Scottish Universities Parliamentary Constituency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_and_St_Andrews_Universities_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities (UK Parliament constituency)">Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities Parliamentary Constituency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#041E42; color: white;;width:1%;background:#D50032; color: white;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Edinburgh_people" title="List of University of Edinburgh people">List of notable people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Edinburgh_medical_people" title="List of University of Edinburgh medical people">List of medical people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_professorships_at_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="List of professorships at the University of Edinburgh">List of professorships</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#041E42; color: white;;width:1%;background:#D50032; color: white;">Academic divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_Business_School" title="University of Edinburgh Business School">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_School_of_Economics" title="University of Edinburgh School of Economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_College_of_Art" title="Edinburgh College of Art">Edinburgh College of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moray_House_School_of_Education_and_Sport" title="Moray House School of Education and Sport">Moray House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_School_of_Health_in_Social_Science" title="University of Edinburgh School of Health in Social Science">Health in Social Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_School_of_History,_Classics_and_Archaeology" title="University of Edinburgh School of History, Classics and Archaeology">History, Classics and Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Law_School" title="Edinburgh Law School">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_School_of_Literatures,_Languages_and_Cultures" title="University of Edinburgh School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures">Literatures, Languages and Cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_School_of_Philosophy,_Psychology_and_Language_Sciences" title="University of Edinburgh School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences">Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_School_of_Social_and_Political_Science" title="University of Edinburgh School of Social and Political Science">Social and Political Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Open_Learning,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Centre for Open Learning, University of Edinburgh">Centre for Open Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Futures_Institute" title="Edinburgh Futures Institute">Edinburgh Futures Institute</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_College_of_Medicine_and_Veterinary_Medicine" title="University of Edinburgh College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine">College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_Medical_School" title="University of Edinburgh Medical School">Medical School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_(Dick)_School_of_Veterinary_Studies" title="Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies">Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_College_of_Science_and_Engineering" title="University of Edinburgh College of Science and Engineering">College of Science and Engineering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Chemistry,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_GeoSciences,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh">GeoSciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Informatics,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh">Informatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Physics_and_Astronomy,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh">Physics and Astronomy</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Sub-units, centres and institutes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_Applications_Institute" title="Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute">AIAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_the_History_of_the_Book" title="Centre for the History of the Book">CHB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Regenerative_Medicine" title="Centre for Regenerative Medicine">CRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_the_Study_of_World_Christianity" title="Centre for the Study of World Christianity">CSWC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Theology_and_Public_Issues" title="Centre for Theology and Public Issues">CTPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Curation_Centre" title="Digital Curation Centre">DCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Cancer_Research_Centre" title="Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre">ECRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Dental_Institute" title="Edinburgh Dental Institute">EDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Parallel_Computing_Centre" title="Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre">EPCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_School_of_Architecture_and_Landscape_Architecture" title="Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture">ESALA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euan_MacDonald_Centre" title="Euan MacDonald Centre">Euan MacDonald Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Humanities" title="Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities">IASH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Centre_for_Mathematical_Sciences" title="International Centre for Mathematical Sciences">ICMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Study_of_Science,_Technology_and_Innovation" title="Institute for the Study of Science, Technology and Innovation">ISSTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koestler_Parapsychology_Unit" title="Koestler Parapsychology Unit">Koestler Parapsychology Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_for_Foundations_of_Computer_Science" title="Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science">LFCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRC_Human_Genetics_Unit" title="MRC Human Genetics Unit">MRC HGU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_Studies,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Nursing Studies, University of Edinburgh">Nursing Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslin_Institute" title="Roslin Institute">Roslin Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Scottish_Studies" title="School of Scottish Studies">Scottish Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Centre_for_Astrobiology" title="UK Centre for Astrobiology">UKCA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#041E42; color: white;;width:1%;background:#D50032; color: white;">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/40_George_Square" title="40 George Square">40 George Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_House" title="Adam House">Adam House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appleton_Tower" title="Appleton Tower">Appleton Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedlam_Theatre" title="Bedlam Theatre">Bedlam Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_BioQuarter" title="Edinburgh BioQuarter">BioQuarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristo_Square" title="Bristo Square">Bristo Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaconess_Hospital,_Edinburgh" title="Deaconess Hospital, Edinburgh">Deaconess House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Hill_drill_hall" title="Forrest Hill drill hall">Forrest Hill Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informatics_Forum" title="Informatics Forum">Informatics Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Yester%27s_Kirk" title="Lady Yester's Kirk">Lady Yester's Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauriston_Building" title="Lauriston Building">Lauriston Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Library" title="Edinburgh University Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Square,_Edinburgh" title="George Square, Edinburgh">George Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Aikman_Lecture_Theatre" title="Gordon Aikman Lecture Theatre">Gordon Aikman Lecture Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Buildings" title="King's Buildings">King's Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McEwan_Hall" title="McEwan Hall">McEwan Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_College,_Edinburgh" title="New College, Edinburgh">New College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_College,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Old College, University of Edinburgh">Old College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pleasance" title="The Pleasance">Pleasance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollock_Halls_of_Residence" title="Pollock Halls of Residence">Pollock Halls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potterrow_Student_Centre" title="Potterrow Student Centre">Potterrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reid_Concert_Hall" title="Reid Concert Hall">Reid Concert Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Infirmary_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh">Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Hospital_for_Children_and_Young_People" title="Royal Hospital for Children and Young People">Royal Hospital for Children and Young People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Edinburgh" title="Royal Observatory, Edinburgh">Royal Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Green" title="Salisbury Green">Salisbury Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Cecilia%27s_Hall" title="St Cecilia's Hall">St Cecilia's Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Leonard%27s_Hall" title="St Leonard's Hall">St Leonard's Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Albert%27s_Catholic_Chaplaincy,_Edinburgh" title="St Albert's Catholic Chaplaincy, Edinburgh">St Albert's Catholic Chaplaincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbot_Rice_Gallery" title="Talbot Rice Gallery">Talbot Rice Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teviot_Row_House" title="Teviot Row House">Teviot Row House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_General_Hospital" title="Western General Hospital">Western General Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#041E42; color: white;;width:1%;background:#D50032; color: white;">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Students%27_Association" title="Edinburgh University Students' Association">Students' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Sports_Union" title="Edinburgh University Sports Union">Sports Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_A.F.C." title="Edinburgh University A.F.C.">Men's Football Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Hutchison_Vale_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh University Hutchison Vale F.C.">Women's Football Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Boat_Club" title="Edinburgh University Boat Club">Boat Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Hockey_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh University Hockey Club">Men's Hockey Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_RFC" title="Edinburgh University RFC">Rugby Football Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Boat_Race" title="Scottish Boat Race">The Scottish Boat Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Scottish_Varsity" title="The Scottish Varsity">The Scottish Varsity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Labour_Students" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh Labour Students">Labour Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadows_Marathon" title="Meadows Marathon">Meadows Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Music_Society" title="Edinburgh University Music Society">Music Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Medical_Society" title="Royal Medical Society">Royal Medical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Theatre_Company" title="Edinburgh University Theatre Company">Edinburgh University Theatre Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Socialist_Society" title="Edinburgh University Socialist Society">Socialist Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Improverts" class="mw-redirect" title="The Improverts">The Improverts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreshAir.org.uk" title="FreshAir.org.uk">FreshAir (student radio)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_(student_newspaper)" title="The Journal (student newspaper)">The Journal (newspaper)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Student_(newspaper)" title="The Student (newspaper)">The Student (newspaper)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Royal_Naval_Unit_East_Scotland" title="University Royal Naval Unit East Scotland">University Royal Naval Unit East Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#041E42; color: white;;width:1%;background:#D50032; color: white;">Associated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing_Institute" title="Alan Turing Institute">Alan Turing Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Prize_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameron Prize of the University of Edinburgh">Cameron Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Stanford_Link" title="Edinburgh Stanford Link">Edinburgh Stanford Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gifford_Lectures" title="Gifford Lectures">Gifford Lectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tait_Black_Memorial_Prize" title="James Tait Black Memorial Prize">James Tait Black Memorial Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland%27s_Rural_College" title="Scotland's Rural College">Scotland's Rural College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University-University_of_Edinburgh_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute">Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#041E42; color: white;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Edinburgh" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#005EB8; color: white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Edinburgh" title="Template:Edinburgh"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Edinburgh" title="Template talk:Edinburgh"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Edinburgh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Edinburgh"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Edinburgh" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#005EB8; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Edinburgh_history" title="Timeline of Edinburgh history">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_Edinburgh" title="Etymology of Edinburgh">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Edinburgh" title="Burning of Edinburgh">Burning of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greyfriars_Kirk" title="Greyfriars Kirk">Greyfriars Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burke_and_Hare_murders" title="Burke and Hare murders">Burke and Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Act of Union 1707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Scotland" title="Parliament of Scotland">Parliament of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Review" title="Edinburgh Review">Edinburgh Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holyrood_Abbey" title="Holyrood Abbey">Holyrood Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Edinburgh" title="Treaty of Edinburgh">Treaty of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_town_walls" title="Edinburgh town walls">Edinburgh town walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_Edinburgh" title="Old Town, Edinburgh">Old Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Town,_Edinburgh" title="New Town, Edinburgh">New Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Adam" title="Robert Adam">Robert Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Craig_(architect)" title="James Craig (architect)">James Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disruption_of_1843" title="Disruption of 1843">Disruption of 1843</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aikenhead" title="Thomas Aikenhead">Thomas Aikenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Brodie" title="William Brodie">Deacon Brodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_British_Railway" title="North British Railway">North British Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visit_of_King_George_IV_to_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Visit of King George IV to Scotland">Visit of King George IV</a></li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_of_Northumbria" title="Edwin of Northumbria">Edwin of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devolution#Scotland" title="Devolution">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgh" title="Burgh">Burgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothian" title="Lothian">Lothian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Stock_Exchange" title="Edinburgh Stock Exchange">Edinburgh Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porteous_Riots" title="Porteous Riots">Porteous Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvermills" title="Silvermills">Silvermills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tron_riot" title="Tron riot">Tron riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greyfriars_Bobby" title="Greyfriars Bobby">Greyfriars Bobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Edinburgh" title="Great Fire of Edinburgh">Great Fire of Edinburgh</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Edinburgh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of Edinburgh"><img alt="Arms of Edinburgh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Coat_of_Arms_of_Edinburgh.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Edinburgh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Coat_of_Arms_of_Edinburgh.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Edinburgh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Coat_of_Arms_of_Edinburgh.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Edinburgh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="917" data-file-height="1110" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Edinburgh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Edinburgh"><img alt="Flag of Edinburgh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_Edinburgh.svg/100px-Flag_of_Edinburgh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_Edinburgh.svg/150px-Flag_of_Edinburgh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_Edinburgh.svg/200px-Flag_of_Edinburgh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="255" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#005EB8; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Edinburgh" title="Politics of Edinburgh">Governance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Edinburgh_Council" title="City of Edinburgh Council">City of Edinburgh Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Provost_of_Edinburgh" title="Lord Provost of Edinburgh">Lord Provost of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#005EB8; color: white;;width:1%">Buildings and landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur%27s_Seat" title="Arthur's Seat">Arthur's Seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balmoral_Hotel" title="Balmoral Hotel">Balmoral Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brass_Founders%27_Pillar" title="Brass Founders' Pillar">Brass Founders' Pillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bute_House" title="Bute House">Bute House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calton_Hill" title="Calton Hill">Calton Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craiglockhart_Castle" title="Craiglockhart Castle">Craiglockhart Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Castle" title="Edinburgh Castle">Edinburgh Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Conference_Centre" title="Edinburgh International Conference Centre">Edinburgh International Conference Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forth_Bridge" title="Forth Bridge">Forth Rail Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forth_Road_Bridge" title="Forth Road Bridge">Forth Road Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor%27s_House,_Edinburgh" title="Governor's House, Edinburgh">Governor's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holyrood_Palace" title="Holyrood Palace">Holyrood Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Monument_of_Scotland" title="National Monument of Scotland">National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_College,_Edinburgh" title="New College, Edinburgh">New College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_College,_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Old College, University of Edinburgh">Old College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Edinburgh" title="Parliament House, Edinburgh">Parliament House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princes_Street_Gardens" title="Princes Street Gardens">Princes Street Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Fountain" title="Ross Fountain">Ross Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Garden_Edinburgh" title="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh">Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Monument" title="Scott Monument">Scott Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament_Building" title="Scottish Parliament Building">Scottish Parliament Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_House" title="St Andrew's House">St Andrew's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral" title="St Giles' Cathedral">St Giles' Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Quay,_Edinburgh" title="Victoria Quay, Edinburgh">Victoria Quay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#005EB8; color: white;;width:1%">Museums and galleries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fruitmarket_Gallery" title="Fruitmarket Gallery">Fruitmarket Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Georgian_House,_Edinburgh" title="The Georgian House, Edinburgh">The Georgian House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Edinburgh" title="Museum of Edinburgh">Museum of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Scotland" title="National Museum of Scotland">National Museum of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Museum" title="National War Museum">National War Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Earth_(Edinburgh)" title="Dynamic Earth (Edinburgh)">Dynamic Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Edinburgh" title="List of public art in Edinburgh">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Scottish_Academy_Building" title="Royal Scottish Academy Building">Royal Scottish Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Gallery" title="Scottish National Gallery">Scottish National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art" title="Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art">Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#005EB8; color: white;;width:1%">Theatres and concert halls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedlam_Theatre" title="Bedlam Theatre">Bedlam Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Arena" title="Edinburgh Arena">Edinburgh Arena</a> (proposed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Playhouse" title="Edinburgh Playhouse">Edinburgh Playhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Theatre" title="Edinburgh Festival Theatre">Festival Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Theatre,_Edinburgh" title="King's Theatre, Edinburgh">King's Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Hall,_Edinburgh" title="Queen's Hall, Edinburgh">Queen's Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reid_Concert_Hall" title="Reid Concert Hall">Reid Concert Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Lyceum_Theatre" title="Royal Lyceum Theatre">Royal Lyceum Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Cecilia%27s_Hall" title="St Cecilia's Hall">St Cecilia's Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_Theatre" title="Traverse Theatre">Traverse Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usher_Hall" title="Usher Hall">Usher Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#005EB8; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Edinburgh" title="Economy of Edinburgh">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Scotland" title="Bank of Scotland">Bank of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Brewery" title="Caledonian Brewery">Caledonian Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Park" title="Edinburgh Park">Edinburgh Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_BioQuarter" title="Edinburgh BioQuarter">Edinburgh BioQuarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Kinnaird" title="Fort Kinnaird">Fort Kinnaird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Terminal,_Edinburgh" title="Ocean Terminal, Edinburgh">Ocean Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Scotland" title="Royal Bank of Scotland">Royal Bank of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Widows" title="Scottish Widows">Scottish Widows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Life" title="Standard Life">Standard Life</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#005EB8; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Edinburgh" title="Transport in Edinburgh">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A1_road_(Great_Britain)" title="A1 road (Great Britain)">A1 road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Airport" title="Edinburgh Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Airport_Rail_Link" title="Edinburgh Airport Rail Link">Edinburgh Airport Rail Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_City_Bypass" title="Edinburgh City Bypass">Edinburgh City Bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_Railway#Edinburgh_Crossrail" title="Borders Railway">Edinburgh Crossrail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Waverley_railway_station" title="Edinburgh Waverley railway station">Edinburgh Waverley railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_railway_station" title="Haymarket railway station">Haymarket railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothian_Buses" title="Lothian Buses">Lothian Buses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Edinburgh" title="Trams in Edinburgh">Trams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#005EB8; color: white;;width:1%">Health and education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_College" title="Edinburgh College">Edinburgh College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_College_of_Art" title="Edinburgh College of Art">Edinburgh College of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heriot-Watt_University" title="Heriot-Watt University">Heriot-Watt University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Scotland#City_of_Edinburgh" title="List of hospitals in Scotland">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moray_House_School_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Moray House School of Education">Moray House School of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Napier_University" title="Edinburgh Napier University">Napier University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Margaret_University" title="Queen Margaret University">Queen Margaret University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Edinburgh" title="List of schools in Edinburgh">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland%27s_Rural_College" title="Scotland's Rural College">Scotland's Rural College</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Edinburgh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#005EB8; color: white;;width:1%">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe">Edinburgh Festival Fringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Book_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Book Festival">Edinburgh International Book Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Film_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Film Festival">Edinburgh International Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Festival">Edinburgh International Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Television_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Television Festival">Edinburgh International Television Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogmanay" title="Hogmanay">Hogmanay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Edinburgh_Military_Tattoo" title="Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo">Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#005EB8; color: white;;width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Edinburgh" title="Demographics of Edinburgh">Demographics of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Edinburgh">Geography of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Edinburgh" title="Beer in Edinburgh">Beer in Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_graveyards_and_cemeteries_in_Edinburgh" title="List of graveyards and cemeteries in Edinburgh">Graveyards and cemeteries in Edinburgh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#005EB8; color: white;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Edinburgh" title="Category:Edinburgh">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Edinburgh" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Edinburgh">Commons</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Edinburgh" title="Outline of Edinburgh">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Edinburgh" title="Portal:Edinburgh">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coimbra_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#4682b4;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coimbra_Group" title="Template:Coimbra Group"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coimbra_Group" title="Template talk:Coimbra Group"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coimbra_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coimbra Group"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coimbra_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coimbra_Group" title="Coimbra Group">Coimbra Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarhus_University" title="Aarhus University">Aarhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Barcelona" title="University of Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bergen" title="University of Bergen">Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s_Lor%C3%A1nd_University" title="Eötvös Loránd University">Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Coimbra" title="University of Coimbra">Coimbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cologne" title="University of Cologne">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Dublin (TCD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Galway" title="University of Galway">Galway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">Göttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Granada" title="University of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Graz" title="University of Graz">Graz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Groningen" title="University of Groningen">Groningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_University" title="Heidelberg University">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza_University" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza University">Iași</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_University" title="Istanbul University">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Jena" title="University of Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katholieke_Universiteit_Leuven" class="mw-redirect" title="Katholieke Universiteit Leuven">Leuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_catholique_de_Louvain" class="mw-redirect" title="Université catholique de Louvain">Louvain-la-Neuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Montpellier" title="University of Montpellier">Montpellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Val%C3%A9ry_University_Montpellier_3" title="Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3">Montpellier 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pavia" title="University of Pavia">Pavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Poitiers" title="University of Poitiers">Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_University_in_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles University in Prague">Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University" title="Saint Petersburg State University">St. Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Salamanca" title="University of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Siena" title="University of Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">Tartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Turku" title="University of Turku">Turku I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85bo_Akademi_University" title="Åbo Akademi University">Turku II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_University" title="Utrecht University">Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_University" title="Vilnius University">Vilnius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="University of Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="League_of_European_Research_Universities_(LERU)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:League_of_European_Research_Universities" title="Template:League of European Research 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href="/wiki/University_of_Barcelona" title="University of Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen" title="University of Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Dublin (TCD)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Freiburg" title="University of Freiburg">Freiburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruprecht_Karl_University_of_Heidelberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Helsinki" title="University of Helsinki">Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leiden" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leiden">Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katholieke_Universiteit_Leuven" class="mw-redirect" title="Katholieke Universiteit Leuven">Leuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lund_University" title="Lund University">Lund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Milan" title="University of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">LMU Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris-Saclay_University" title="Paris-Saclay University">Paris-Saclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_University" title="Sorbonne University">Sorbonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg" title="University of Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">UCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_University" title="Utrecht University">Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">Zurich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russell_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russell_Group" title="Template:Russell Group"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li 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title="Cardiff University">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_University" title="Newcastle University">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield" title="University of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_York" title="University of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Una_Europa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#3B38EB;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Una_Europa" title="Template:Una Europa"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Una_Europa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Una Europa (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Una_Europa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Una Europa"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Una_Europa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Una_Europa" title="Una Europa">Una Europa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Berlin" title="Free University of Berlin">FU Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">Bologna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Helsinki" title="University of Helsinki">Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Kraków (Jagiellonian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KU_Leuven" title="KU Leuven">Leuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">Madrid (Complutense)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_1_Panth%C3%A9on-Sorbonne_University" title="Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University">Paris I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Network_of_Universities_from_the_Capitals_of_Europe_(UNICA)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UNICA" title="Template:UNICA"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UNICA" title="Template talk:UNICA"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UNICA" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UNICA"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Network_of_Universities_from_the_Capitals_of_Europe_(UNICA)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Network_of_Universities_from_the_Capitals_of_Europe" title="Network of Universities from the Capitals of Europe">Network of Universities from the Capitals of Europe (UNICA)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">Amsterdam (UvA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara_University" title="Ankara University">Ankara (AU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Technical_University" title="Middle East Technical University">Ankara (METU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_Kapodistrian_University_of_Athens" title="National and Kapodistrian University of Athens">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Belgrade" title="University of Belgrade">Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freie_Universit%C3%A4t_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Freie Universität Berlin">Berlin (FU Berlin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">Berlin (HU Berlin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comenius_University_in_Bratislava" class="mw-redirect" title="Comenius University in Bratislava">Bratislava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_libre_de_Bruxelles" title="Université libre de Bruxelles">Brussels (ULB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrije_Universiteit_Brussel" title="Vrije Universiteit Brussel">Brussels (VUB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bucharest" title="University of Bucharest">Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s_Lor%C3%A1nd_University" title="Eötvös Loránd University">Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen" title="University of Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">Dublin (UCD)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Helsinki" title="University of Helsinki">Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky_Kyiv_Polytechnic_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute">Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lausanne" title="University of Lausanne">Lausanne (UNIL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lisbon" title="University of Lisbon">Lisbon (ULisboa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Nova_de_Lisboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade Nova de Lisboa">Lisbon (NOVA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ljubljana" title="University of Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">London (KCL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_University_of_Madrid" title="Charles III University of Madrid">Madrid (UC3M)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">Madrid (UCM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_University" title="Moscow State University">Moscow State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_School_of_Economics" title="Higher School of Economics">Moscow (HSE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cyprus" title="University of Cyprus">Nicosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">Oslo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Sciences_et_Lettres_University" title="Paris Sciences et Lettres University">Paris (PSL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Sorbonne_Nouvelle" title="Université Sorbonne Nouvelle">Paris (USN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_University_in_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles University in Prague">Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Iceland" title="University of Iceland">Reykjavík</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Latvia" title="University of Latvia">Riga (Latvia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_Tre_University" title="Roma Tre University">Rome III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Rome-La Sapienza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rome_Tor_Vergata" title="University of Rome Tor Vergata">Rome-Tor Vergata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ss._Cyril_and_Methodius_University_of_Skopje" title="Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje">Skopje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia_University" title="Sofia University">Sofia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_University" title="Stockholm University">Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_University" title="Tallinn University">Tallinn (TU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_University_of_Technology" title="Tallinn University of Technology">Tallinn (TalTech)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tirana" title="University of Tirana">Tirana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_University" title="Vilnius University">Vilnius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warsaw" title="University of Warsaw">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zagreb" title="University of Zagreb">Zagreb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/University_of_Hong_Kong" title="University of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_University" title="Korea University">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">Singapore National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University" title="Shanghai Jiao Tong University">Shanghai Jiaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waseda_University" title="Waseda University">Waseda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;background:#7F5192;COLOR:WHITE">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">Dublin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lund_University" title="Lund University">Lund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">Zurich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;background:#7F5192;COLOR:WHITE">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UC_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="UC Davis">California Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Connecticut" title="University of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMaster_University" title="McMaster University">McMaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterrey_Institute_of_Technology_and_Higher_Education" title="Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education">Monterrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">Maryland College Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;background:#7F5192;COLOR:WHITE">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_New_South_Wales" title="University of New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Queensland" title="University of Queensland">Queensland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;background:#7F5192;COLOR:WHITE">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Chile" title="Pontifical Catholic University of Chile">Chile Pontifical Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;background:#7F5192;COLOR:WHITE">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg" title="University of Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_in_Scotland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#07c;color:#FFFFFF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Universities_in_Scotland" title="Template:Universities in Scotland"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_in_Scotland" title="Template talk:Universities in Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li 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href="/wiki/Scottish_education_in_the_eighteenth_century" title="Scottish education in the eighteenth century">Eighteenth century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_education_in_the_nineteenth_century" title="Scottish education in the nineteenth century">Nineteenth century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Scotland_in_the_twentieth_century" title="Education in Scotland in the twentieth century">Twentieth century</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Old_College_Quad.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="University of Edinburgh, Old College Quad"><img alt="University of Edinburgh, Old College Quad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Old_College_Quad.jpg/200px-Old_College_Quad.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Old_College_Quad.jpg/300px-Old_College_Quad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Old_College_Quad.jpg/400px-Old_College_Quad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#07c;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_universities_of_Scotland" title="Ancient universities of Scotland">Ancient (pre-1600)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">University of Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Aberdeen" title="University of Aberdeen">University of Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Edinburgh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#07c;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_brick_university" title="Red brick university">Red brick (pre-1890)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Dundee" title="University of Dundee">University of Dundee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#07c;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plate_glass_university" title="Plate glass university">Plate-glass (1960s)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heriot-Watt_University" title="Heriot-Watt University">Heriot-Watt University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Stirling" title="University of Stirling">University of Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Strathclyde" title="University of Strathclyde">University of Strathclyde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#07c;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="New universities">Modern (1992 on)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon_University" title="Robert Gordon University">Robert Gordon University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Caledonian_University" title="Glasgow Caledonian University">Glasgow Caledonian University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Napier_University" title="Edinburgh Napier University">Edinburgh Napier University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abertay_University" title="Abertay University">Abertay University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_of_Scotland" title="University of the West of Scotland">University of the West of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Margaret_University" title="Queen Margaret University">Queen Margaret University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands" title="University of the Highlands and Islands">University of the Highlands and Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#07c;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Distance learning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_University" class="mw-redirect" title="The Open University">The Open University in Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#07c;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Other institutions of higher education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_School_of_Art" title="Glasgow School of Art">Glasgow School of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Conservatoire_of_Scotland" title="Royal Conservatoire of Scotland">Royal Conservatoire of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland%27s_Rural_College" title="Scotland's Rural College">Scotland's Rural College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#07c;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Related bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Funding_Council" title="Scottish Funding Council">Scottish Funding Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Awards_Agency_for_Scotland" title="Student Awards Agency for Scotland">Student Awards Agency for Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universities_Scotland" title="Universities Scotland">Universities Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universities_UK" title="Universities UK">Universities UK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#07c;color:#FFFFFF;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_in_Scotland" title="Category:Universities in Scotland">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Universities in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Universities in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Universities in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Universities in the United Kingdom">Universities in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_England" title="List of universities in England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East of England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglia_Ruskin_University" title="Anglia Ruskin University">Anglia Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bedfordshire" title="University of Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranfield_University" title="Cranfield University">Cranfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_East_Anglia" title="University of East Anglia">East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Essex" title="University of Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hertfordshire" title="University of Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_University_of_the_Arts" title="Norwich University of the Arts">Norwich University of the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Suffolk" title="University of Suffolk">Suffolk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_higher_education_colleges_in_London" title="List of universities and higher education colleges in London">London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birkbeck,_University_of_London" title="Birkbeck, University of London">Birkbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunel_University_of_London" title="Brunel University of London">Brunel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_St_George%27s,_University_of_London" title="City St George's, University of London">City St George's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtauld_Institute_of_Art" title="Courtauld Institute of Art">Courtauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsmiths,_University_of_London" title="Goldsmiths, University of London">Goldsmiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Cancer_Research" title="Institute of Cancer Research">Institute of Cancer Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Business_School" title="London Business School">London Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">LSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Hygiene_%26_Tropical_Medicine" title="London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine">LSHTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Music" title="Royal Academy of Music">Royal Academy of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Central_School_of_Speech_and_Drama" title="Royal Central School of Speech and Drama">Royal Central School of Speech and Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Holloway,_University_of_London" title="Royal Holloway, University of London">Royal Holloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Veterinary_College" title="Royal Veterinary College">Royal Veterinary College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Advanced_Study" title="School of Advanced Study">School of Advanced Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAS_University_of_London" title="SOAS University of London">SOAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">UCL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_East_London" title="University of East London">East London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Greenwich" title="University of Greenwich">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_University" title="Kingston University">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Metropolitan_University" title="London Metropolitan University">London Met</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_South_Bank_University" title="London South Bank University">London South Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_University" title="Middlesex University">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_%E2%80%93_London" title="Northeastern University – London">Northeastern University – London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensbourne_University_London" title="Ravensbourne University London">Ravensbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_University_London" title="Regent's University London">Regent's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_The_American_International_University_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond, The American International University in London">Richmond, The American International University in London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art" title="Royal College of Art">Royal College of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Music" title="Royal College of Music">Royal College of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Roehampton" title="University of Roehampton">Roehampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_University,_Twickenham" title="St Mary's University, Twickenham">St Mary's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_London" title="University of the Arts London">University of the Arts London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Westminster" title="University of Westminster">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_West_London" title="University of West London">West London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Midlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aston_University" title="Aston University">Aston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_University" title="Birmingham City University">Birmingham City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Grosseteste_University" title="Bishop Grosseteste University">Bishop Grosseteste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Montfort_University" title="De Montfort University">De Montfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Derby" title="University of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harper_Adams_University" title="Harper Adams University">Harper Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keele_University" title="Keele University">Keele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leicester" title="University of Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lincoln" title="University of Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughborough_University" title="Loughborough University">Loughborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newman_University,_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Newman University, Birmingham">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Northampton" title="University of Northampton">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Trent_University" title="Nottingham Trent University">Nottingham Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Staffordshire University">Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Birmingham" title="University College Birmingham">University College Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wolverhampton" title="University of Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Worcester" title="University of Worcester">Worcester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bolton" title="University of Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bradford" title="University of Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Central_Lancashire" title="University of Central Lancashire">Central Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chester" title="University of Chester">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cumbria" title="University of Cumbria">Cumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edge_Hill_University" title="Edge Hill University">Edge Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Huddersfield" title="University of Huddersfield">Huddersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hull" title="University of Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_University" title="Lancaster University">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Arts_University" title="Leeds Arts University">Leeds Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Beckett_University" title="Leeds Beckett University">Leeds Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Trinity_University" title="Leeds Trinity University">Leeds Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Hope_University" title="Liverpool Hope University">Liverpool Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Moores_University" title="Liverpool John Moores University">Liverpool John Moores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_School_of_Tropical_Medicine" title="Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine">LSTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Metropolitan_University" title="Manchester Metropolitan University">Manchester Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_University" title="Newcastle University">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumbria_University" title="Northumbria University">Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Salford" title="University of Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield" title="University of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Hallam_University" title="Sheffield Hallam University">Sheffield Hallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sunderland" title="University of Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teesside_University" title="Teesside University">Teesside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_York" title="University of York">York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_St_John_University" title="York St John University">York St. John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_University_Bournemouth" title="Arts University Bournemouth">Arts University Bournemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bath" title="University of Bath">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_Spa_University" title="Bath Spa University">Bath Spa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_University" title="Bournemouth University">Bournemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Brighton" title="University of Brighton">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Buckingham" title="University of Buckingham">Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_New_University" title="Buckinghamshire New University">Buckinghamshire New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Christ_Church_University" title="Canterbury Christ Church University">Canterbury Christ Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chichester" title="University of Chichester">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_the_Creative_Arts" title="University for the Creative Arts">Creative Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falmouth_University" title="Falmouth University">Falmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartpury_College" title="Hartpury College">Hartpury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gloucestershire" title="University of Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kent" title="University of Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Brookes_University" title="Oxford Brookes University">Oxford Brookes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Plymouth" title="University of Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Marjon_University" title="Plymouth Marjon University">Plymouth Marjon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_University_Plymouth" title="Arts University Plymouth">Arts University Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Portsmouth" title="University of Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Agricultural_University" title="Royal Agricultural University">Royal Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solent_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Solent University">Solent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Surrey" title="University of Surrey">Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_of_England" title="University of the West of England">UWE Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Winchester" title="University of Winchester">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_University" title="Ulster University">Ulster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Scotland" title="List of universities in Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Aberdeen" title="University of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abertay_University" title="Abertay University">Abertay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Dundee" title="University of Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Napier_University" title="Edinburgh Napier University">Edinburgh Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Caledonian_University" title="Glasgow Caledonian University">Glasgow Caledonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heriot-Watt_University" title="Heriot-Watt University">Heriot-Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands" title="University of the Highlands and Islands">Highlands and Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Margaret_University" title="Queen Margaret University">Queen Margaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon_University" title="Robert Gordon University">Robert Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Conservatoire_of_Scotland" title="Royal Conservatoire of Scotland">Royal Conservatoire of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">St Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Stirling" title="University of Stirling">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Strathclyde" title="University of Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_of_Scotland" title="University of the West of Scotland">West of Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Wales" title="List of universities in Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberystwyth_University" title="Aberystwyth University">Aberystwyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor_University" title="Bangor University">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Metropolitan_University" title="Cardiff Metropolitan University">Cardiff Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Wales" title="University of South Wales">South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea_University" title="Swansea University">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales_Trinity_Saint_David" title="University of Wales Trinity Saint David">Wales Trinity Saint David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrexham_University" title="Wrexham University">Wrexham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#Universities_in_British_overseas_territories" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">Overseas territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_College" title="Bermuda College">Bermuda College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Cayman Islands Law School">Cayman Islands Law School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gibraltar" title="University of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_College_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="International College of the Cayman Islands">International College of the Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_James_School_of_Medicine" title="Saint James School of Medicine">Saint James School of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Matthew%27s_University" title="St. Matthew's University">St. Matthew's University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="University College of the Cayman Islands">University College of the Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Science,_Arts_and_Technology" title="University of Science, Arts and Technology">University of Science, Arts and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_Indies_Open_Campus" title="University of the West Indies Open Campus">University of the West Indies Open Campus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#Universities_in_Crown_Dependencies" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">Crown dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Channel_Islands_in_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Channel Islands in Guernsey">University of the Channel Islands in Guernsey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arden_University" title="Arden University">Arden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BPP_University" title="BPP University">BPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Law" title="University of Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_London_International_Programmes" class="mw-redirect" title="University of London International Programmes">London International Programmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_University" title="Open University">Open</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_student_protests" title="2010 United Kingdom student protests">2010 United Kingdom student protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_universities_by_date_of_foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK universities by date of foundation">List by date of foundation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_university" title="Ancient university">Ancient</a>; <a href="/wiki/Third-oldest_university_in_England_debate" title="Third-oldest university in England debate">Third-oldest in England</a>; <a href="/wiki/Red_brick_university" title="Red brick university">Redbrick</a>; <a href="/wiki/Plate_glass_university" title="Plate glass university">Plate glass</a>; <a href="/wiki/Post-1992_university" title="Post-1992 university">Post-1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_universities_by_endowment" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK universities by endowment">List by endowment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_enrolment" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom by enrolment">List by enrolment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleges_within_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Colleges within universities in the United Kingdom">Colleges within universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_degree_abbreviations" title="British degree abbreviations">Degree abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Funding_Council_for_Wales" title="Higher Education Funding Council for Wales">HEFCW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Students" title="Office for Students">Office for Students</a> (<a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Funding_Council_for_England" title="Higher Education Funding Council for England">HEFCE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Funding_Council" title="Scottish Funding Council">Scottish Funding Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_loans_and_grants_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student loans and grants in the United Kingdom">Student loans and grants in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Radio_Association" title="Student Radio Association">Student Radio Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student television in the United Kingdom">Student television in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student unionism in the United Kingdom">Student unionism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuition_fees_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tuition fees in the United Kingdom">Tuition fees in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification" title="British undergraduate degree classification">Undergraduate degree classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCAS" title="UCAS">UCAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_and_College_Union" title="University and College Union">University and College Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_(United_Kingdom)" title="Polytechnic (United Kingdom)">Polytechnic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Universities in the United Kingdom">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160302#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160302#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160302#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000419367988">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/126282670">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/40296-5">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80010178">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118844728">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118844728">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36096623">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20120419005&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/7e833376-0216-4f98-b139-e348a3a02be2">MusicBrainz place</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04769689?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500307819">ULAN</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1211724">Trove</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02663483X">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/4162">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" 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