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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Anna Maria Ciccone</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marianna_Ciccone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Marianna_Ciccone.jpg/225px-Marianna_Ciccone.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Marianna_Ciccone.jpg/338px-Marianna_Ciccone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Marianna_Ciccone.jpg/450px-Marianna_Ciccone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="828" data-file-height="864" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Anna Maria Ciccone (1891–1965)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">29 August 1892<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Noto" title="Noto">Noto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 March 1965<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend dday deathdate">1965-03-30</span>)</span> (aged 72)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Noto, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Italian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">Italian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pisa" title="University of Pisa">University of Pisa</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Sapienza University of Rome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">studies in <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopy" title="Spectroscopy">spectroscopy</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">Physicist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pisa" title="University of Pisa">University of Pisa</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique">Centre national de la recherche scientifique</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Curie_Institute_(Paris)" title="Curie Institute (Paris)">Curie Institute (Paris)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Puccianti" title="Luigi Puccianti">Luigi Puccianti</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other academic advisors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Anna Maria Ciccone</b>, or <b>Mariannina Corradina Ciccone</b>, was an Italian physicist. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="From_Sicily_to_Pisa">From Sicily to Pisa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Maria_Ciccone&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: From Sicily to Pisa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maria Anna or Mariannina Corradina Ciccone was born on 29 August 1892 (or 1891 according to different documents<sup id="cite_ref-piccolino_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-piccolino-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) in <a href="/wiki/Noto" title="Noto">Noto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, of Corrado, a rich trader, and Caterina Mirmina. She got her <a href="/wiki/Diploma" title="Diploma">diploma</a> from Regia Scuola Normale (which will later become known as Istituto Magistrale) in 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-piccolino_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-piccolino-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since her diploma did not allow her to attend specific faculties, Mariannina signed up at the Istituto Tecnico Archimede in the third year, in <a href="/wiki/Modica" title="Modica">Modica</a>, in a <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">Physics</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a> class where she was the only female student in the class. After the first year in the Maths faculty at <a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Rome university</a>, she moved to <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a>, where she graduated with high marks, and where she got a second degree in physics in 1924. The following year she was appointed assistant professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pisa" title="University of Pisa">University of Pisa</a> Physics Institute, then she became Full Assistant and from 1931 Co-Assistant, on the proposal of the principal of <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Puccianti" title="Luigi Puccianti">Luigi Puccianti</a>'s Physics Institute. </p><p>In 1936 she became adjunct professor in Experimental Physics. In the same year she started a period at the <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a>’s Physics Institute in the <a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Darmstadt" title="Technische Universität Darmstadt">Engineering school of Darmstadt</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, cooperating in <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopy" title="Spectroscopy">spectroscopy</a> research with her teacher <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a>, an anti-Nazi scientist and future <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winner in 1971. Her teaching career highlights her full dedication to work. Her activity was entirely focused on her scientific studies in the Physics Institute, so that she even moved her residence to the same building. She started publishing her first papers in <i><a href="/wiki/Il_Nuovo_Cimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Il Nuovo Cimento">Il Nuovo Cimento</a></i> and in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorie_della_societ%C3%A0_toscana_di_Scienze_Naturali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memorie della società toscana di Scienze Naturali (page does not exist)">Memorie della società toscana di Scienze Naturali</a></i>: two articles which would lead to more complex texts in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-piccolino_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-piccolino-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1939 she obtained the chair of spectroscopy that she maintained until retirement; between 1943 and 1948 she kept on the active teaching of physics and of maths since she was the only teacher to remain in service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_German_attack_to_the_University">The German attack to the University</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Maria_Ciccone&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The German attack to the University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ciccone, one of the first women graduated in maths and physics from Pisa university, deputy manager of the institute, dared to face German troops, then occupying Italy (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Achse" title="Operation Achse">Operation Achse</a>), hence avoiding the total destruction of the building and the total removal of the instruments and the library. </p><p>Between the end of June and the beginning of July 1944, a wing of the already plundered and mined building of the Institute of Physics situated in Piazza Torricelli was blown up by German soldiers. Professor Ciccone did not leave the institute for the whole period of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">war</a> and kept on giving lessons (the only teacher after <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">8 September 1943</a>). She faced the officers – she knew <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German language</a> well since she had worked in Darmstadt - confirming with extreme bravery that she would abandon her workplace for no reason, even at the risk of being blown up with the building. </p><p>In front of her resolute attitude, the German officers gave up on their intent and this prevented the building and its scientific instruments from being destroyed. Both for her courageous permanence in the institute and for the courage shown against the Germans, Mariannina Ciccone was praised by the Faculty Council, and by the <a href="/wiki/Dean_(education)" title="Dean (education)">dean</a> Remo De Fazi and <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Russo" title="Luigi Russo">Luigi Russo</a>, a famous Professor of Italian studies that became dean immediately after liberation. In the draft of a letter sent to the Ministry of Education on 7 June 1946, Dean Luigi Russo said: "<i>I can’t help but report the merit gained by professor Ciccone during the period of the German siege concerning the preservation of scientific materials and for being always vigilant in her Institute, even when keeping safe from danger would have meant running away from it</i>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_the_War">After the War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Maria_Ciccone&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: After the War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 1 November 1953 she was relocated to the department of Physics-Chemistry to continue her research on <a href="/wiki/Infrared_rays" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrared rays">infrared rays</a> spectroscopy. It is plausible that her relocation was the result of precise administrative choices aiming to hire other teachers in the Physics Institute. This hypothesis is confirmed by the fact that she had to face organizational problems in the new headquarters: none of the instruments required by Mariannina Ciccone for her job was available so she was asked to leave her activity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>She resigned on 12 October 1954 but, even if retired, she kept on teaching as an external lecturer, in particular as a physics teacher at the Science and Spectroscopy, Experimental Physics, Terrestrial Physics and Atomic Physics Faculty.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> At the end of the academic years 1961–62, she was officially relieved of duty so she went back to Noto where she died on 29 March 1965.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Maria_Ciccone&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although she was born in the 19th century in a city in the south, Noto, she decided to study and teach physics in Pisa, a very important international city. She tested new research methods modifying experimental equipment and preparing new observational techniques in the fields of spectroscopy and electromagnetism. In that period, the first half of 20th century, Pisa university was the core of relevant discoveries in modern physics. They were so significant that all the traditional concepts of space and time were undermined. This experience gave her the opportunity to meet important people like Polvani, Racaah, <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a>, Ronchi, Salvini.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The discovery and enhancement the physicist from Noto is really recent and has been promoted by Prof. Marco Piccolino and his research in <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a> about <a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_Italy#Second_World_War" title="List of massacres in Italy">Nazi massacres that occurred in 1944</a>. During his research he found out about Mariannina Ciccone's resistance against the Nazis. Prof Corrado Spataro's study has contributed to shed light on the scientist who left Noto for Pisa's Normale and devoted her soul and body to spectroscopy and light studies. Spataro writes: "<i>it was important, appropriate and satisfying (...). meeting and studying Mariannina Ciccone in 2015 which was the 50th anniversary of her death and dedicated by <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a> to the "<a href="/wiki/Light" title="Light">light</a>", whose most secret components she tried to understand through the use of her <a href="/wiki/Spectroscope" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectroscope">spectroscope</a>.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Maria_Ciccone&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Spettroscopia</i>, GUF, Pisa, 1941.</li> <li><i>Lezioni di spettroscopia</i>, F. Vallerini Editore, Pisa, 1947.</li> <li><i>Introduzione allo studio della fisica atomica e molecolare</i>, F. Vallerini Editore, Pisa, 1953.</li> <li><i>Elementi di fisica per i licei scientifici</i>, A. Signorelli, Roma, 1964.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Maria_Ciccone&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <i>Atti del Convegno in ricordo di Mariannina Ciccone</i>, Noto (SR), 13-15 novembre 2015, a cura di C. Spataro, Patrocinato da: Comune di Noto, FIDAPA-BPW Italy e Consorzio Universitario Mediterraneo Orientale, Effe Grafica Fratantonio, Pachino (SR), 2016.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Maria_Ciccone&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-piccolino-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-piccolino_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-piccolino_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-piccolino_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marco Piccolino, <i>Mariannina Ciccone, la tigre e i nazisti: storia di una ricerca</i>, in: <i>Atti del Convegno in ricordo di Mariannina Ciccone</i>, Noto (SR), 13-15 novembre 2015, a cura di C. Spataro, Patrocinato da: Comune di Noto, FIDAPA-BPW Italy e Consorzio Universitario Mediterraneo Orientale, Effe Grafica Fratantonio, Pachino (SR), 2016'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erseo Polacco, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sif.it/static/SIF/resources/public/files/uomini-quarks/polacco.pdf">Storie di Uomini e Quarks</a></i>, Societa Italiana di Fisica</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Gozzini, "Microwave physics in Pisa in the fifties", in: <i>The Origins of Solid State Physics in Italy: 1945-1960</i>, Conference Proceedings, Pavia, 21–24 September 1987, Volume No. 13, Edited by G. Giuliani, Società Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, 1988, pp. 67-75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Corrado Spataro, "La vicenda professionale e umana", in: <i>Atti del Convegno in ricordo di Mariannina Ciccone</i>, cit., pp. 19-88, ampio contributo storico che raccoglie le testimonianze di molti allievi e conoscenti della Ciccone, in merito alla sua produzione scientifica ed alle attività didattiche svolte.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Maria_Ciccone&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://osiris.df.unipi.it/~rossi/Razzie-libri-44-Pisa.pdf">M. Piccolino</a></i></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istitutoraelinoto.gov.it/downloads/588/anna-maria-ciccone-ppt.pdf">In memoria di Anna Maria Ciccone</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></i></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unipi.it/index.php/unipieventi/event/2444-estate-1944-a-pisa-mariannina-ciccone-la-tigre-e-i-nazisti">Commemorazione dell'Università di Pisa</a></i></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sba.unipi.it/it/risorse/archivio-fotografico/persone-in-archivio/ciccone-marianna">Archivio SBA dell'Università di Pisa</a></i></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pisatoday.it/cronaca/celebrazione-mariannina-ciccone-pisa.html">Celebrazione In memoriam</a></i></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fisica.unipv.it/percorsi/pdf/fisicamateria.pdf">Gli anni della ricostruzione</a></i></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unipi.it/index.php/news/item/6810-estate-1944-a-pisa">Estate 1944 a Pisa</a></i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/SBLV085637">Italy</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:ciccone.anna">zbMATH</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anna_Maria_Ciccone&oldid=1177837425">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anna_Maria_Ciccone&oldid=1177837425</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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