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class="col-span-2"><p class="text-sm text-content4">Publicit茅</p><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc_wd_top" class="adsbygoogle relative inline-block transition-all h-[90px] w-[728px]"></div><div class="mt-4 space-y-10"><div class="space-y-2"><div class="space-y-2"><section class="prose-lg max-w-none py-1"><div class="-mb-4"><span id="#1350" class="scroll-m-16 text-3xl font-bold flex items-center"><h1 class="inline !mb-1 scroll-m-16 text-3xl font-bold">H</h1><div class="pl-2 flex-1 text-textSecondary text-xl font-serif"></div></span></div><section class=""><p>Huiti猫me lettre de l'alphabet, d'origine ph茅nicienne via le grec et le latin. En ph茅nicien, elle avait initialement un son guttural rugueux semblable au son de l'allemand <i class="foreign notranslate">Reich</i> ou de l'茅cossais <i class="foreign notranslate">loch</i> . En grec, elle avait d'abord la valeur de l'anglais moderne <i class="foreign notranslate">-h-</i> , et c'est avec cette valeur qu'elle est pass茅e dans l'alphabet latin via les colonies grecques en Italie. Par la suite, en grec, elle est devenue utilis茅e pour un son "e" long ; le son "h" 茅tant indiqu茅 par un fragment de la lettre, qui a ensuite 茅t茅 r茅duit au symbole d'aspiration.</p><p>En germanique, elle 茅tait utilis茅e pour le son de souffle sans voix au d茅but des mots, et au milieu ou 脿 la fin des mots pour le son rugueux guttural, qui a ensuite 茅t茅茅crit <i class="foreign notranslate">-gh</i> .</p><p>Le son devint totalement silencieux en latin vulgaire et dans les langues qui en 茅merg猫rent ; ainsi, la lettre fut omise en ancien fran莽ais et en italien, mais fut restaur茅e de mani猫re p茅dante dans l'orthographe fran莽aise et moyen-anglaise, et souvent plus tard en prononciation anglaise. De ce fait, l'anglais moderne comporte des mots qui viennent ultimement du latin avec une lettre manquante <i class="foreign notranslate">-h-</i> ( <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of able " class="crossreference notranslate" href="/fr/word/able">able</a> , du latin <i class="foreign notranslate">habile</i> ); avec un "h" silencieux <i class="foreign notranslate">-h-</i> ( <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of heir " class="crossreference notranslate" href="/fr/word/heir">heir</a> , <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of hour " class="crossreference notranslate" href="/fr/word/hour">hour</a> ); avec un "h" autrefois silencieux et maintenant souvent vocalis茅 ( <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of humble " class="crossreference notranslate" href="/fr/word/humble">humble</a> , <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of humor " class="crossreference notranslate" href="/fr/word/humor">humor</a> , <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of herb " class="crossreference notranslate" href="/fr/word/herb">herb</a> ); et m锚me quelques mots avec un "h" non 茅tymologique ajout茅 par confusion 脿 des mots qui n'en avaient jamais eu ( <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of hostage " class="crossreference notranslate" href="/fr/word/hostage">hostage</a> , <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of hermit " class="crossreference notranslate" href="/fr/word/hermit">hermit</a> ). Des vestiges de la lettre autrefois sans voix <i class="foreign notranslate">-h-</i> persistent dans l'insistance p茅dante sur <i class="foreign notranslate">an historical (object)</i> et dans l'obsolescence <i class="foreign notranslate">mine host</i> .</p><p>La prononciation "aitch" vient de l'ancien fran莽ais ( <i class="foreign notranslate">ache</i> "nom de la lettre H"), et vient d'un suppos茅 latin tardif <i class="foreign notranslate">*accha</i> (comparer avec l'italien <i class="foreign notranslate">effe</i> , <i class="foreign notranslate">elle</i> , <i class="foreign notranslate">emme</i> ), le son central se rapprochant de la valeur gutturale rugueuse de la lettre en germanique. En latin ancien, la lettre 茅tait appel茅e <i class="foreign notranslate">ha</i> . L'utilisation dans les digrammes (comme dans <i class="foreign notranslate">-sh-</i> , <i class="foreign notranslate">-th-</i> ) remonte 脿 l'alphabet grec ancien, qui l'avait utilis茅 dans <i class="foreign notranslate">-ph-</i> , <i class="foreign notranslate">-th-</i> , <i class="foreign notranslate">-kh-</i> jusqu'脿 ce que <i class="foreign notranslate">-H-</i> prenne la valeur d'un "e" long et que les digrammes aient acquis leurs propres caract猫res. La lettre est pass茅e dans l'usage romain avant cette 茅volution, conservant ainsi davantage de sa valeur s茅mitique originelle.</p></section><div class="-mt-4"></div></section></div></div><div class="space-y-2"><h3>Entr茅es associ茅es <i>H</i></h3><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden height-auto text-foreground box-border bg-content1 outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 shadow-none rounded-medium transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border-1 border-lightGray" tabindex="-1"><a class="flex z-10 w-full items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-medium p-3 pl-5 justify-between hover:text-primary" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais able" href="/fr/word/able"><span id="#" class="scroll-m-16 text-3xl font-bold text-primary text-xl flex items-center">able<div class="pl-2 flex-1 text-textSecondary text-xl font-serif">(adj.)</div></span><span class="text-4xl text-inherent justify-end"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M12.6 12L8 7.4L9.4 6l6 6l-6 6L8 16.6l4.6-4.6Z"></path></svg></span></a><hr class="shrink-0 bg-divider border-none w-full h-divider" role="separator"/><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased"><section class="p-2 prose-lg max-w-none"><p>"Ayant suffisamment de pouvoir ou de moyens", d茅but du 14猫me si猫cle, vient du fran莽ais ancien "<i class="foreign notranslate">(h)able</i>" (capable ; appropri茅 ; agile, vif) du 14猫me si猫cle, du latin "<i class="foreign notranslate">habilem</i>", "<i class="foreign notranslate">habilis</i>", "facilement manipulable, apte", adjectif verbal de "<i class="foreign notranslate">habere</i>" (du radical indo-europ茅en "<a rel="nofollow" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *ghabh- " class="crossreference notranslate" href="/fr/word/*ghabh-">*ghabh-</a>" signifiant "donner ou recevoir").</p><p>"Facile 脿 tenir", d'o霉 "adapt茅脿 un but". Le "<i class="foreign notranslate">h-</i>" silencieux a 茅t茅 abandonn茅 en anglais et a r茅sist茅 aux tentatives acad茅miques de le restaurer au 16猫me-17猫me si猫cle (voir "<a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of H " class="crossreference notranslate" href="/fr/word/H">H</a>"), mais certains d茅riv茅s (tels que "<i class="foreign notranslate">habiliment</i>", "<i class="foreign notranslate">habilitate</i>") l'ont acquis via le fran莽ais. "<i class="foreign notranslate">Able seaman</i>", un marin capable de faire n'importe quel travail requis sur un navire, peut 锚tre 脿 l'origine de ceci :</p><blockquote class="bq-origin"><i class="foreign notranslate">Able-whackets</i> - A popular sea-game with cards, in which the loser is beaten over the palms of the hands with a handkerchief tightly twisted like a rope. Very popular with horny-fisted sailors. [Smyth, "Sailor's Word-Book," 1867]</blockquote><blockquote>"<i class="foreign notranslate">Able-whackets</i>" - un jeu de cartes populaire en mer, dans lequel le perdant est battu sur la paume des mains avec un mouchoir serr茅 comme une corde. Tr猫s populaire aupr猫s des marins aux mains calleuses. [Smyth, "Sailor's Word-Book," 1867]</blockquote></section></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden height-auto text-foreground box-border bg-content1 outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 shadow-none rounded-medium transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border-1 border-lightGray" tabindex="-1"><a class="flex z-10 w-full items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-medium p-3 pl-5 justify-between hover:text-primary" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais heir" href="/fr/word/heir"><span id="#" class="scroll-m-16 text-3xl font-bold text-primary text-xl flex items-center">heir<div class="pl-2 flex-1 text-textSecondary text-xl font-serif">(n.)</div></span><span class="text-4xl text-inherent justify-end"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M12.6 12L8 7.4L9.4 6l6 6l-6 6L8 16.6l4.6-4.6Z"></path></svg></span></a><hr class="shrink-0 bg-divider border-none w-full h-divider" role="separator"/><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased"><section class="p-2 prose-lg max-w-none"><p>"Celui qui h茅rite ou a le droit d'h茅riter de la propri茅t茅 d'un autre", vers 1300, vient de l'anglo-fran莽ais <i class="foreign notranslate">heir</i> et du vieux fran莽ais <i class="foreign notranslate">oir</i> qui signifient "h茅ritier, successeur; patrimoine, h茅ritage", du latin <i class="foreign notranslate">heredem</i> (nominatif <i class="foreign notranslate">heres</i>) "h茅ritier, h茅riti猫re" (voir <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of heredity " class="crossreference notranslate" href="/fr/word/heredity">heredity</a>). <i class="foreign notranslate">Heir apparent</i> (fin du XIVe si猫cle) suit l'ordre fran莽ais des noms-adjectifs, bien qu'il n'ait pas 茅t茅 initialement 茅crit ainsi en anglais. Il s'agit de l'h茅ritier d'une personne encore vivante dont le droit est clair. Apr猫s la mort, le <i class="foreign notranslate">heir apparent</i> devient le <i class="foreign notranslate">heir-at-law</i>. Connexe: <i class="foreign notranslate">Heir-apparency</i>.</p></section></div></div></div><p class="text-sm text-content4">Publicit茅</p><ins class="adsbygoogle relative inline-block transition-all mt-1 w-full" data-ad-slot="8757723469" data-adtest="off" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins><ul class="list-none flex gap-2 flex-wrap"><li><a class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-unit-4 min-w-unit-20 h-unit-10 gap-unit-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.unit-8)] data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-default text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" role="button" tabindex="0" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais herb" href="/fr/word/herb">herb</a></li><li><a class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-unit-4 min-w-unit-20 h-unit-10 gap-unit-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.unit-8)] data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-default text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" role="button" tabindex="0" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais hermit" href="/fr/word/hermit">hermit</a></li><li><a class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-unit-4 min-w-unit-20 h-unit-10 gap-unit-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.unit-8)] data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-default text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" role="button" tabindex="0" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais horizon" href="/fr/word/horizon">horizon</a></li><li><a class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-unit-4 min-w-unit-20 h-unit-10 gap-unit-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.unit-8)] data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-default text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" role="button" tabindex="0" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais hostage" href="/fr/word/hostage">hostage</a></li><li><a class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-unit-4 min-w-unit-20 h-unit-10 gap-unit-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.unit-8)] data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-default text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" role="button" tabindex="0" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais hour" href="/fr/word/hour">hour</a></li><li><a class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-unit-4 min-w-unit-20 h-unit-10 gap-unit-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.unit-8)] data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-default text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" role="button" tabindex="0" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais humble" href="/fr/word/humble">humble</a></li><li><a class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-unit-4 min-w-unit-20 h-unit-10 gap-unit-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.unit-8)] data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-default text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" role="button" tabindex="0" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais humor" href="/fr/word/humor">humor</a></li><li><a class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-unit-4 min-w-unit-20 h-unit-10 gap-unit-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.unit-8)] data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-default text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" role="button" tabindex="0" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais ability" href="/fr/word/ability">ability</a></li><li><a class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-unit-4 min-w-unit-20 h-unit-10 gap-unit-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.unit-8)] data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-default text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" role="button" tabindex="0" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais aitch" href="/fr/word/aitch">aitch</a></li><li><a class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-unit-4 min-w-unit-20 h-unit-10 gap-unit-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.unit-8)] data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-default text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" role="button" tabindex="0" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais hability" href="/fr/word/hability">hability</a></li><li><a class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 border-medium bg-transparent px-unit-4 min-w-unit-20 h-unit-10 gap-unit-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.unit-8)] data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none border-primary text-primary hover:!text-primary-foreground hover:!bg-primary text-lg" role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of H" href="/word/H/related">See all related words (12)<div class="-ml-3"><span class="text-3xl text-inherit"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M12.6 12L8 7.4L9.4 6l6 6l-6 6L8 16.6l4.6-4.6Z"></path></svg></span></div></a></li></ul><div class="min-h-unit-7"><h3>Tendances de H</h3><canvas role="img" height="150" width="300"></canvas></div><p class="text-sm text-content4">Publicit茅</p><ins class="adsbygoogle relative inline-block transition-all mt-1 w-full" data-ad-slot="7656336158" data-adtest="off" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins><p class="text-small text-content4">Fourni uniquement 脿 des fins d鈥榠nformation par des syst猫mes de traduction automatique. Voir l鈥榦riginal : <a class="text-primary" title="Etymology, origin and meaning of H" href="/word/H">Etymology, origin and meaning of <i>H</i></a></p></div></div><div><p class="text-sm text-content4">Publicit茅</p><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc_wd_right" class="adsbygoogle relative inline-block transition-all h-[250px] w-[300px]"></div><div class="mt-4"><div class="space-y-4"><h3>Entr茅es du dictionnaire pr猫s de H</h3><hr class="shrink-0 bg-divider border-none w-full h-divider" role="separator"/><ul class="min-h-[280px] space-y-2"><li class="text-medium"><a class="link-hover text-primary" rel="nofollow" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais gyroscope" href="/fr/word/gyroscope">gyroscope</a></li><li class="text-medium"><a class="link-hover text-primary" rel="nofollow" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais gyroscopic" href="/fr/word/gyroscopic">gyroscopic</a></li><li class="text-medium"><a class="link-hover text-primary" rel="nofollow" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais gyrostat" href="/fr/word/gyrostat">gyrostat</a></li><li class="text-medium"><a class="link-hover text-primary" rel="nofollow" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais gyrostatics" href="/fr/word/gyrostatics">gyrostatics</a></li><li class="text-medium"><a class="link-hover text-primary" rel="nofollow" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais gyrus" href="/fr/word/gyrus">gyrus</a></li><li class="text-medium"><span class="text-content4">H</span></li><li class="text-medium"><a class="link-hover text-primary" rel="nofollow" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais ha" href="/fr/word/ha">ha</a></li><li class="text-medium"><a class="link-hover text-primary" rel="nofollow" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais habanera" href="/fr/word/habanera">habanera</a></li><li class="text-medium"><a class="link-hover text-primary" rel="nofollow" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais habeas corpus" href="/fr/word/habeas%20corpus">habeas corpus</a></li><li class="text-medium"><a class="link-hover text-primary" rel="nofollow" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais haberdasher" href="/fr/word/haberdasher">haberdasher</a></li><li class="text-medium"><a class="link-hover text-primary" rel="nofollow" title="脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais haberdashery" href="/fr/word/haberdashery">haberdashery</a></li></ul></div></div></div></section></main><footer class="bg-default text-textSecondary"><footer class="container footer py-4 tablet:grid-rows-2"><nav><header class="footer-title">Liens</header><a class="link-hover link" href="https://forum.etymonline.com/">Forum</a><a class="link-hover link" href="/columns/post/sources">Liste compl猫te des sources</a><a class="link-hover link" href="/columns/post/links">Liens</a></nav><nav><header class="footer-title">Produits</header><a target="_blank" class="link-hover link" 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c么t茅 d'un mot indiquent l'ann茅e la plus ancienne pour laquelle il existe un enregistrement 茅crit survivant de ce mot (en anglais, sauf indication contraire). Cela doit 锚tre pris comme approximatif, en particulier avant environ 1700, car un mot peut avoir 茅t茅 utilis茅 en conversation pendant des centaines d'ann茅es avant d'appara卯tre dans un manuscrit qui a eu la chance de survivre aux si猫cles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eLes sources de base de ce travail sont \"An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English\" de Weekley, \"A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language\" de Klein, \"Oxford English Dictionary\" (deuxi猫me 茅dition), \"Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology,\" \"Etymologisches W枚rterbuch der Englischen Sprache\" de Holthausen, et \"Dictionary of American Slang\" de Kipfer et Chapman. Une liste compl猫te des sources imprim茅es utilis茅es dans cette compilation peut 锚tre trouv茅e\n \u003ca rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"/columns/post/sources\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eici\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eDepuis que ce dictionnaire a 茅t茅 publi茅, il a b茅n茅fici茅 des suggestions de dizaines de personnes que je n'ai jamais rencontr茅es, de partout dans le monde. Un grand merci et une grande reconnaissance 脿 vous tous. \u003c/p\u003e\n "])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a:[\"$\",\"html\",null,{\"lang\":\"fr\",\"suppressHydrationWarning\":true,\"children\":[[\"$\",\"body\",null,{\"className\":\"debug-screens min-h-screen min-w-[320px] font-sans selection:bg-secondary laptop:font-serif desktop:font-serif\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Lb\",null,{\"locale\":\"fr\",\"messages\":{\"global\":{\"search\":{\"placeholder\":\"Rechercher\",\"hint\":\"Rechercher \\\"{word}\\\"\",\"cancel\":\"Annuler\"},\"header\":{\"links\":{\"forum\":\"Forum\",\"columns\":\"Colonnes\",\"apps\":\"Applications\",\"premium\":\"Premium\"},\"login\":{\"login\":\"Se connecter\"}},\"footer\":{\"links\":{\"label\":\"Liens\",\"forum\":\"Forum\",\"fullListOfSources\":\"Liste compl猫te des sources\",\"links\":\"Liens\"},\"products\":{\"label\":\"Produits\",\"iOS\":\"Appli iOS\",\"android\":\"Appli Android\",\"chromeExtension\":\"Extension Chrome\"},\"about\":{\"label\":\"脌 propos\",\"whoDidThis\":\"Qui l'a fait\",\"introduction\":\"Introduction et explication\",\"followOnFacebook\":\"Suivez-nous sur Facebook\"},\"support\":{\"label\":\"Support\",\"paypal\":\"Faire un don avec PayPal\",\"shoppe\":\"Ye Olde Swag Shoppe\",\"patreon\":\"Soutenir sur Patreon\"},\"legal\":{\"label\":\"Documents l茅gaux\",\"termsOfService\":\"Conditions d'utilisation\",\"privacyPolicy\":\"Politique de confidentialit茅\"},\"hover\":{\"hint\":\"脡tymologie, Origine et Signification du Mot Anglais\"}},\"appLauncher\":{\"title\":\"Ouvrir dans l'appli\"},\"metaData\":{\"title\":\"Etymonline - Dictionnaire d'脡tymologie en ligne\"},\"advertisement\":{\"label\":\"Publicit茅\"},\"theme\":{\"dark\":\"Sombre\",\"light\":\"Clair\",\"auto\":\"Auto\"}},\"home\":{\"title\":\"123\",\"latestColumn\":{\"label\":\"Colonnes\",\"more\":\"Plus\"},\"content\":\"$c\"},\"columnPost\":{\"latestStories\":{\"label\":\"Colonnes\"}},\"wordDetail\":{\"firstRecorded\":\"脡galement de :\",\"alphabets\":\"Entr茅es du dictionnaire pr猫s de {word}\",\"related\":\"Entr茅es associ茅es\",\"trending\":\"Mots tendance\",\"tip\":{\"translation\":\"Fourni uniquement 脿 des fins d鈥榠nformation par des syst猫mes de traduction automatique. 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En ph茅nicien, elle avait initialement un son guttural rugueux semblable au son de l'allemand \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eReich\u003c/span\u003e ou de l'茅cossais \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eloch\u003c/span\u003e . En grec, elle avait d'abord la valeur de l'anglais moderne \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-h-\u003c/span\u003e , et c'est avec cette valeur qu'elle est pass茅e dans l'alphabet latin via les colonies grecques en Italie. Par la suite, en grec, elle est devenue utilis茅e pour un son \"e\" long ; le son \"h\" 茅tant indiqu茅 par un fragment de la lettre, qui a ensuite 茅t茅 r茅duit au symbole d'aspiration.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEn germanique, elle 茅tait utilis茅e pour le son de souffle sans voix au d茅but des mots, et au milieu ou 脿 la fin des mots pour le son rugueux guttural, qui a ensuite 茅t茅茅crit \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-gh\u003c/span\u003e .\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLe son devint totalement silencieux en latin vulgaire et dans les langues qui en 茅merg猫rent ; ainsi, la lettre fut omise en ancien fran莽ais et en italien, mais fut restaur茅e de mani猫re p茅dante dans l'orthographe fran莽aise et moyen-anglaise, et souvent plus tard en prononciation anglaise. De ce fait, l'anglais moderne comporte des mots qui viennent ultimement du latin avec une lettre manquante \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-h-\u003c/span\u003e ( \u003ca href=\"/fr/word/able\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of able \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eable\u003c/a\u003e , du latin \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ehabile\u003c/span\u003e ); avec un \"h\" silencieux \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-h-\u003c/span\u003e ( \u003ca href=\"/fr/word/heir\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of heir \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eheir\u003c/a\u003e , \u003ca href=\"/fr/word/hour\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of hour \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ehour\u003c/a\u003e ); avec un \"h\" autrefois silencieux et maintenant souvent vocalis茅 ( \u003ca href=\"/fr/word/humble\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of humble \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ehumble\u003c/a\u003e , \u003ca href=\"/fr/word/humor\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of humor \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ehumor\u003c/a\u003e , \u003ca href=\"/fr/word/herb\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of herb \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eherb\u003c/a\u003e ); et m锚me quelques mots avec un \"h\" non 茅tymologique ajout茅 par confusion 脿 des mots qui n'en avaient jamais eu ( \u003ca href=\"/fr/word/hostage\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of hostage \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ehostage\u003c/a\u003e , \u003ca href=\"/fr/word/hermit\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of hermit \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ehermit\u003c/a\u003e ). Des vestiges de la lettre autrefois sans voix \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-h-\u003c/span\u003e persistent dans l'insistance p茅dante sur \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ean historical (object)\u003c/span\u003e et dans l'obsolescence \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003emine host\u003c/span\u003e .\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLa prononciation \"aitch\" vient de l'ancien fran莽ais ( \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eache\u003c/span\u003e \"nom de la lettre H\"), et vient d'un suppos茅 latin tardif \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e*accha\u003c/span\u003e (comparer avec l'italien \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eeffe\u003c/span\u003e , \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eelle\u003c/span\u003e , \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eemme\u003c/span\u003e ), le son central se rapprochant de la valeur gutturale rugueuse de la lettre en germanique. En latin ancien, la lettre 茅tait appel茅e \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eha\u003c/span\u003e . L'utilisation dans les digrammes (comme dans \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-sh-\u003c/span\u003e , \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-th-\u003c/span\u003e ) remonte 脿 l'alphabet grec ancien, qui l'avait utilis茅 dans \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-ph-\u003c/span\u003e , \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-th-\u003c/span\u003e , \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-kh-\u003c/span\u003e jusqu'脿 ce que \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-H-\u003c/span\u003e prenne la valeur d'un \"e\" long et que les digrammes aient acquis leurs propres caract猫res. La lettre est pass茅e dans l'usage romain avant cette 茅volution, conservant ainsi davantage de sa valeur s茅mitique originelle.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"16:[[\"$\",\"script\",null,{\"type\":\"application/ld+json\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"$1a\"}}],[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"className\":\"grid grid-cols-1 gap-12 laptop:grid-cols-3 desktop:grid-cols-3\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"col-span-2\",\"children\":[\"$L1b\",[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-4 space-y-10\",\"children\":[\"$undefined\",[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-2\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-2\",\"children\":[false,[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"className\":\"prose-lg max-w-none py-1\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"-mb-4\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L1c\",null,{\"doc_id\":\"861dc9bd7f4e7dd3cccd534d0ae2a2e9_ev\",\"domain_id\":1350,\"word\":\"H\",\"toxicity\":2,\"type\":1,\"thumbnail\":false,\"property\":\"\",\"etymology\":\"$1d\",\"first_recorded\":\"\",\"content_length\":1974,\"modify_time\":1717779302000,\"as\":\"span\",\"isMainHead\":true}]}],[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"className\":\"\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"p\",\"0\",{\"children\":[\"Huiti猫me lettre de l'alphabet, d'origine ph茅nicienne via le grec et le latin. En ph茅nicien, elle avait initialement un son guttural rugueux semblable au son de l'allemand \",[\"$\",\"i\",\"1\",{\"className\":\"foreign notranslate\",\"children\":\"Reich\"}],\" ou de l'茅cossais \",[\"$\",\"i\",\"3\",{\"className\":\"foreign notranslate\",\"children\":\"loch\"}],\" . En grec, elle avait d'abord la valeur de l'anglais moderne \",[\"$\",\"i\",\"5\",{\"className\":\"foreign notranslate\",\"children\":\"-h-\"}],\" , et c'est avec cette valeur qu'elle est pass茅e dans l'alphabet latin via les colonies grecques en Italie. Par la suite, en grec, elle est devenue utilis茅e pour un son \\\"e\\\" long ; le son \\\"h\\\" 茅tant indiqu茅 par un fragment de la lettre, qui a ensuite 茅t茅 r茅duit au symbole d'aspiration.\"]}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"1\",{\"children\":[\"En germanique, elle 茅tait utilis茅e pour le son de souffle sans voix au d茅but des mots, et au milieu ou 脿 la fin des mots pour le son rugueux guttural, qui a ensuite 茅t茅茅crit \",[\"$\",\"i\",\"1\",{\"className\":\"foreign notranslate\",\"children\":\"-gh\"}],\" .\"]}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"2\",{\"children\":[\"Le son devint totalement silencieux en latin vulgaire et dans les langues qui en 茅merg猫rent ; ainsi, la lettre fut omise en ancien fran莽ais et en italien, mais fut restaur茅e de mani猫re p茅dante dans l'orthographe fran莽aise et moyen-anglaise, et souvent plus tard en prononciation anglaise. De ce fait, l'anglais moderne comporte des mots qui viennent ultimement du latin avec une lettre manquante \",[\"$\",\"i\",\"1\",{\"className\":\"foreign notranslate\",\"children\":\"-h-\"}],\" ( \",[\"$\",\"$L8\",\"3\",{\"href\":\"/fr/word/able\",\"rel\":\"$undefined\",\"title\":\"Etymology, meaning and definition of able \",\"className\":\"crossreference notranslate\",\"prefetch\":false,\"children\":\"able\"}],\" , du latin \",[\"$\",\"i\",\"5\",{\"className\":\"foreign notranslate\",\"children\":\"habile\"}],\" ); avec un \\\"h\\\" silencieux \",[\"$\",\"i\",\"7\",{\"className\":\"foreign notranslate\",\"children\":\"-h-\"}],\" ( \",[\"$\",\"$L8\",\"9\",{\"href\":\"/fr/word/heir\",\"rel\":\"$undefined\",\"title\":\"Etymology, meaning and definition of heir \",\"className\":\"crossreference notranslate\",\"prefetch\":false,\"children\":\"heir\"}],\" , \",[\"$\",\"$L8\",\"11\",{\"href\":\"/fr/word/hour\",\"rel\":\"$undefined\",\"title\":\"Etymology, meaning and definition of hour \",\"className\":\"crossreference notranslate\",\"prefetch\":false,\"children\":\"hour\"}],\" ); avec un \\\"h\\\" autrefois silencieux et maintenant souvent vocalis茅 ( \",[\"$\",\"$L8\",\"13\",{\"href\":\"/fr/word/humble\",\"rel\":\"$undefined\",\"title\":\"Etymology, meaning and definition of humble \",\"className\":\"crossreference notranslate\",\"prefetch\":false,\"children\":\"humble\"}],\" , \",[\"$\",\"$L8\",\"15\",{\"href\":\"/fr/word/humor\",\"rel\":\"$undefined\",\"title\":\"Etymology, meaning and definition of humor \",\"className\":\"crossreference notranslate\",\"prefetch\":false,\"children\":\"humor\"}],\" , \",[\"$\",\"$L8\",\"17\",{\"href\":\"/fr/word/herb\",\"rel\":\"$undefined\",\"title\":\"Etymology, meaning and definition of herb \",\"className\":\"crossreference notranslate\",\"prefetch\":false,\"children\":\"herb\"}],\" ); et m锚me quelques mots avec un \\\"h\\\" non 茅tymologique ajout茅 par confusion 脿 des mots qui n'en avaient jamais eu ( \",[\"$\",\"$L8\",\"19\",{\"href\":\"/fr/word/hostage\",\"rel\":\"$undefined\",\"title\":\"Etymology, meaning and definition of hostage \",\"className\":\"crossreference notranslate\",\"prefetch\":false,\"children\":\"hostage\"}],\" , \",[\"$\",\"$L8\",\"21\",{\"href\":\"/fr/word/hermit\",\"rel\":\"$undefined\",\"title\":\"Etymology, meaning and definition of hermit \",\"className\":\"crossreference notranslate\",\"prefetch\":false,\"children\":\"hermit\"}],\" ). Des vestiges de la lettre autrefois sans voix \",[\"$\",\"i\",\"23\",{\"className\":\"foreign notranslate\",\"children\":\"-h-\"}],\" persistent dans l'insistance p茅dante sur \",[\"$\",\"i\",\"25\",{\"className\":\"foreign notranslate\",\"children\":\"an historical (object)\"}],\" et dans l'obsolescence \",[\"$\",\"i\",\"27\",{\"className\":\"foreign notranslate\",\"children\":\"mine host\"}],\" .\"]}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"3\",{\"children\":[\"La prononciation \\\"aitch\\\" vient de l'ancien fran莽ais ( \",[\"$\",\"i\",\"1\",{\"className\":\"foreign notranslate\",\"children\":\"ache\"}],\" \\\"nom de la lettre H\\\"), et vient d'un suppos茅 latin tardif \",[\"$\",\"i\",\"3\",{\"className\":\"foreign notranslate\",\"children\":\"*accha\"}],\" (comparer avec l'italien \",[\"$\",\"i\",\"5\",{\"className\":\"foreign notranslate\",\"children\":\"effe\"}],\" , \",[\"$\",\"i\",\"7\",{\"className\":\"foreign notranslate\",\"children\":\"elle\"}],\" , \",[\"$\",\"i\",\"9\",{\"className\":\"foreign notranslate\",\"children\":\"emme\"}],\" ), le son central se rapprochant de la valeur gutturale rugueuse de la lettre en germanique. 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