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class="header__vanila__container--CElq1"><div class="ant-row"><div class="ant-col-sm-17"><div class="inner--7ZeMs" data-role="header-inner"><div class="header__logo--12Lje" data-role="header-logo"><a href="/" title="Etymology"><img class="header__logo__image--2avl2" src="https://cdn.etymonline.com/web/logo.png" alt="Etymology"/></a></div><div class="header__searchbar--3yKr5" data-role="header-searchbar"><div class="searchform"><form class="searchbar--3dK8Z searchbar" action="/search"><div role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-owns="react-autowhatever-1" aria-expanded="false" class="searchbar__container--2VZd7"><input type="text" value="" autoComplete="off" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="react-autowhatever-1" class="searchbar__input--3L4IY" id="search-bar-text-input" placeholder="Search" name="q" required="" autoCapitalize="off" autoCorrect="off" title="Type a word to search."/><div id="react-autowhatever-1" role="listbox"></div></div><div class="search-clear"><i 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rel="nofollow" target="_blank">r/etymology</a> Currently the most useful place to begin.</p> <p><a href="https://english.stackexchange.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">English Language & Usage/Stack Exchange</a>聽A question-and-answer site "for linguists, etymologists, and serious English language enthusiasts." I get more useful information here on a daily basis than anywhere else.</p> <p><a href="https://www.oldenglishtranslator.co.uk/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Old English Translator</a> Works both ways (Old English to Modern, Modern English to Old).</p> <p><a href="http://www.bosworthtoller.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bosworth Toller's聽Anglo-Saxon Dictionary online</a>, up to the 1921 supplement, hosted by the Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague. Free and searchable.</p> <p><a href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/med/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Online version of the University of Michigan Middle English Dictionary</a>聽"[D]escribed as 'the greatest achievement in medieval scholarship in America.' Its 15,000 pages offer a comprehensive analysis of lexicon and usage for the period 1100-1500, based on the analysis of a collection of over three million citation slips, the largest collection of this kind available."</p> <p><a href="https://dsl.ac.uk/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Dictionaries of the Scots Language</a>聽"Scotland鈥檚 independent lexicographical body for the Scots language."</p> <p><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=g2MLAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">English Synonyms Explained and Illustrated</a>聽By J.H.A. G眉nther.</p> <p><a href="http://www.languagehat.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Languagehat </a>A fine blog by a linguist whose interest reaches beyond the words. The "links" bar is one of the best for language resources.</p> <p><a href="http://www.omniglot.com/blog/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Omniglot </a>Language-related musings by Welsh blogger and linguist Simon Ager.</p> <p><a href="http://www.thingstobehappyabout.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Things to be Happy About </a>Website of linguist Barbara Ann Kipfer, who edited the most recent edition of the "Dictionary of American Slang."</p> <p><a href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/indoeurop.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The American Heritage Dictionary with Indo-European Roots Appendix</a>聽The latest iteration of the Calvert Watkins list.</p> <p><br/></p> <p><strong>HISTORY</strong></p> <p><a href="https://spellcasters-source.blogspot.com/search/label/history" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Talia Felix's blog of history and folklore</a> Embark on a mystical journey filled with tales of wonder, supernatural beings, and age-old wisdom. Highlights include <a href="https://spellcasters-source.blogspot.com/2019/09/visions-of-guillotined-head.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Antoine Wiertz's Severed Head Experiment</a>, <a href="https://spellcasters-source.blogspot.com/2010/06/four-thieves-vinegar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Four Thieves Vinegar History</a>, and <a href="https://spellcasters-source.blogspot.com/2023/11/shocking-secrets-of-mysterious-zombies.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">a Quick History of Zombies</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://quoteinvestigator.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Quote Investigator</a>聽This website records the investigations by Garson O鈥橳oole into well-known quotations.</p> <p><a href="https://anthonybuccini.com/work-in-food-history/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Work in food history</a>聽"Historical linguistics, dialectology, sociolinguistics, and food history" by Anthony F. Buccini, Ph.D.</p> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@EarlyAmerican/videos" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Early American Cookery</a> Historical recipes cooked with historical tools and techniques, made into little films you can watch.</p> <p><a href="http://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Roman Inscriptions of Britain</a> Need to kill some time? Browse this collection of Roman inscriptions discovered around the UK.</p> <p><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s3cSAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=William+Toone+Etymological+Dictionary+of+Obsolete+Words&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjeqcj6xsjWAhWVF8AKHfOtBxgQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q&f=false" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">A glossary and etymological dictionary of obsolete and uncommon words</a>聽By William Toone.</p> <p><a href="https://www.davidrumsey.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">David Rumsey Historical Map Collection</a> Old time maps from around the world.</p> <p><a href="http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">History Learning Site</a> Does what it says on the can.</p> <p><a href="http://digitalmedievalist.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Digital Medievalist </a>Celtic Studies Resources from a self-described "opinionated digital medievalist."</p> <p><br/></p> <p><strong>NON-ENGLISH DICTIONARIES AND ETYMOLOGY</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.welsh-dictionary.ac.uk/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru</a> The standard historical聽dictionary of the Welsh language. The vocabulary is defined in Welsh, and English equivalents are also given. Detailed attention is given to variant forms, collocations, and etymology.</p> <p><a href="http://www.anglo-norman.net/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Anglo-Norman Online Hub.</a></p> <p><a href="http://zhongwen.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Chinese Characters </a>Contains the complete text of "Chinese Characters: A Genealogy and Dictionary," which uses the new (zipu) system of character trees.</p> <p><a href="http://hanziyuan.net/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Chinese Etymology.</a></p> <p><a href="https://archive.org/details/etymologicaldict00bracrich" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">An Etymological Dictionary of the French Language</a> Digitized version of Auguste Brachet's book of 1873.</p> <p><a href="http://www.etimo.it/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Italian Etymology </a>A searchable online version of the 1907 <span class="foreign notranslate">"Vocabolario Etimologico della Lingua Italiana"</span> by Ottorino Pianigiani.</p> <p><a href="http://aramis2.obspm.fr/~heydari/dictionary/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">English-Persian Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics</a> "Aims at contributing to the Persian language by creating a comprehensive dictionary of astronomy and astrophysics."</p> <p><a href="http://www.dwb.uni-trier.de/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The German etymological dictionary of the Brothers Grimm </a><span class="foreign notranslate">Das Deutsche W枚rterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm auf CD-ROM und im Internet</span>.</p> <p><a href="https://www.dwds.de/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Another German etymological dictionary</a>, Digitales W枚rterbuch der deutschen Sprache.</p> <p><a href="http://gtb.inl.nl/search/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Historische woordenboeken Nederlands en Fries</a> (Dutch).聽</p> <p><a href="http://www.sumerian.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sumerian Language Page</a></p> <p><a href="http://latin-dictionary.net/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Latdict</a>聽Kevin Mahoney's online Latin dictionary and grammar resource.</p> <p><a href="https://logeion.uchicago.edu/about" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Logeion</a> Latin and Greek dictionary which includes hard to find medieval vocabulary.</p> <p><a href="https://dcc.dickinson.edu/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Dickinson College Commentaries</a> Latin and Greek texts for reading, with explanatory notes, essays, vocabulary, and graphic, video, and audio elements.</p> <p><a href="https://archive.org/download/EnglishWordsThatAreOfArabicEtymologicalAncestry/English-words-that-are-of-Arabic-etymological-ancestry.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">English Words of Arabic Ancestry</a>聽Thoughtful and thoroughly researched work (archive version, scroll down to get to the text.)</p> <p><a href="https://www.lexilogos.com/english/index.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Lexilogos</a>聽(English version) A comprehensive set of dictionaries and other online resources for the study of the languages of the world.</p> <p><a href="http://www.verbix.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Verbix</a> Free online verb conjugator in English, French, German, Italian, Arabic, Japanese, Latin, Spanish, and other languages.</p> <p><a href="https://lrc.la.utexas.edu/lex/master" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Indo-European Lexicon: Pokorny Master PIE Etyma</a>聽From the University of Texas Linguistics Research Center.</p> <p><br/></p> <p><strong>GEEK</strong></p> <p><a href="https://lyris.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sonia Orin Lyris</a>聽SFF author, pragmatist, worldwalker, and seeing-eye spirit animal of etymonline.</p> <p><a href="https://sfdictionary.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction</a>.聽</p> <p><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lOoIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Primary Synopsis of Universology and Alwato</a>聽By Stephen Pearl Andrews.</p> <p><a href="https://searchresearch1.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">SearchReSearch</a> "A blog about聽search, search skills, teaching search, learning how to search, learning how to use Google effectively, learning how to do research. It also covers a good deal of sensemaking and information foraging."</p> <p><a href="http://brunching.com/images/geekchart.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Geek Hierarchy</a>, according to <a href="http://brunching.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Brunching Shuttlecocks</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://skepticalinquirer.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Skeptical Inquirer</a> You know Bigfoot isn't real, right?</p> <p><br/></p> <p><strong>ENTERTAINMENT</strong></p> <p><a href="https://lamebook.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Lamebook.com</a> Clever and sarcastic Facebook posts curated for your entertainment.</p> <p><a href="http://www.engrish.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Engrish.com </a>No doubt our attempts at Japanese are even more amusing.</p> <p><a href="https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGTSH7UlW7UfbhqNy-LO3lBn0CKZ1UKe2" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Musical variations on Steamed Hams</a> The Simpsons parody in musical and music video variants.</p> <p><a href="https://www.mustrant.com/rant-new" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Must Rant.</a> Anonymous angry rants.</p> <p><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/972" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Devil's Dictionary </a>The acid wit of Ambrose Bierce.</p> <p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fl7_J-reLxg" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ladle Rat Rotten Hut </a>An Anguish Languish lesson as originated by Professor Howard L. Chace, performed live by actor Drew Letchworth (Youtube.)</p> <p><a href="http://www.kissthisguy.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Kissthisguy.com </a>A library of misheard lyrics.</p> <p><a href="http://specgram.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Speculative Grammarian </a>The premier scholarly journal featuring research in the neglected field of satirical linguistics.</p> <p><a href="https://twain.lib.virginia.edu/tomsawye/mtgoodboy.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Good Little Boy</a> and <a href="https://twain.lib.virginia.edu/tomsawye/mtbadboy.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Bad Little Boy</a> Mark Twain's parody of children's literature.</p> <p><a href="http://www.zompist.com/thought.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Unlikely phrases from real phrasebooks </a>For those moments when you absolutely, positively need to say "I play the clarinet" in Chinese (<span class="foreign notranslate">"W么 l谩 danhu谩nggu芒n"</span>).</p> <p><a href="https://wikipoem.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Wikipoem.</a>聽</p> <p><a href="https://publicdomainreview.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Public Domain Review.</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@BaumgartnerRestoration/featured" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Baumgartner Restoration Youtube</a> Documentaries depicting painting conservation.</p> <p><a href="http://talkthetalkpodcast.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Talk the Talk</a> A weekly show about linguistics. Where wit meets wisdom.</p></section><div id="discourse-comments" style="padding:48px 3px"></div></div><div class="share-tool socialShare--223YS"><h3 title="Share undefined to social networks" class="socialShare__title--34iP2">Share <i></i></h3><a title="Share on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fcolumns%2Fpost%2Flinks" data-social-target="Facebook" target="blank" rel="nofollow" class="fa share socialShare__icon--3FJac socialShare__icon__facebook--2fm3U fa-facebook"></a><a title="Share on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fcolumns%2Fpost%2Flinks&text=links" data-social-target="Twitter" target="blank" rel="nofollow" class="fa share socialShare__icon--3FJac socialShare__icon__twitter--1iFxf fa-twitter"></a><a title="Share on Reddit" href="https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fcolumns%2Fpost%2Flinks&title=links" data-social-target="Reddit" 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