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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Rita inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A1lp:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Serstakt:MyTalk" title="Kjak um rættingar frá hesi IP adressuni [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Kjak til hesa ip-adressuna</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Sí keldu fyri Merkantilisma</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. 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If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. </p> Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Tú kanst síggja og avrita kelduna til hesa grein. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="fo" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">[[Mynd:Lorrain.seaport.jpg|thumb|right|250px]] [[Mynd:Il Ritorno del Bucintoro al molo nel giorno dell'Ascensione (c.1738) Canaletto - Wells-Next-The-Sea, The Earl of Leicester and Trustees of the Holkham Estate.jpg|thumb|right|250px]] '''Merkantilisma''' hevur ta grundfatan, at staturin er høvuðsspælarin í altjóða politikki. Fatanin er, at í altjóða politikki eru ongar spælireglur, og tann sterkasti staturin yvirlivir. Tí er fremsta mál hjá statinum at tryggja sína egnu tilveru. Støðan hjá statinum verður sostatt ein ævigur maktkampur. Fyri at tryggja, at staturin er sterkur, er sostatt av størsta týdningi, at [[búskapur]]in í statinum er sterkur, herundir at útflutningurin er størri enn innflutningurin, soleiðis at staturin hevur eina nettoáogn heldur enn nettoskuld mótvegis umheiminum. Tað fyrsta IPE (International Political Economy) ástøði, vit hoyra um, er tann ''klassiska merkantilisman''. Jacob Viner (1892-1970) sigur, at merkantilisma er: „a doctrine of extensive state regulation of economic activity in the interest of the national economy“. <ref>Crane, G.T. & Amawi, A. (eds.). 1997. ''The Theoretical Evolution of International Political Economy – A Reader''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195094435. Síða 5.</ref> Innan altjóða búskap kann sigast, at merkantilisman viknaði eftir [[Seinni heimsbardagi|2. heimsbardaga]] tá [[Liberalisma|liberalisman]] mentist av álvara í Evropa og Norðuramerika. Tá heimsbúskapurin kom í kreppu fyrst í 1970’unum, fekk merkantilisman høvdið fyri seg aftur, tá undir navninum ''neomerkantilisma''. Merkantilisman var leiðandi ástøði í øldir, men viknaði síðst í átjandu øld, tá [[Adam Smith]] (1723-1790) fanst harðliga at henni. Hann helt ikki, at tað gagnaði statinum sum heild at nýta [[protektionisma|protektionismu]], [[Sosialisma|sosialismu]] og politiska uppíblanding í vinnuna sum amboð. Merkantilisma reistist tó skjótt aftur eitt sindur broytt undir navninum ''búskaparlig nationalisma''. „Whereas classical mercantilism focused on gaining wealth and power through unequal foreign trade, economic nationalism focused on the internal development of the national economy". <ref>Balaam, D. N. & Veseth, M. 2008. ''Introduction to International Political Economy'', 4th edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. ISBN 9780205791385. Síða 24.</ref> Í ein ávísan mun var hetta ástøði ein reaktión uppá [[Liberalisma|liberalismuna]], sum hevði fingið stóra undirtøku millum manna í [[Evropa]]. Lond sum [[USA]] og [[Týskland]] óttaðust ta búskaparligu styrkina hjá [[Stórabretland]]i og valdu búskaparliga nationalismu sum amboð til at verja seg ímóti tí agressiva liberala politikkinum hjá Stórabretlandi. Forsprákarar fyri hesum politikki vóru [[Alexander Hamilton]] (1755-1804), sum var fyrsti fíggjarmálaráðharri í USA, og [[Friedrich List]] (1789-1846), sum var ein týskur-amerikanskur búskaparfrøðingur. Teir vóru ikki ímóti einum fríum marknaði sum so, men meintu, at protektionisma var neyðug fyri at verja støðuna hjá statinum og fyri at stimulera lokalan ídnað. Hamilton argumenteraði fyri at reka ein politikk, sum kundi verja framleiðsluvirkini í landinum. <ref>Mingst, Karen A. 2008. ''Essentials of International Relations''. London: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780393921953. Síða 260.</ref> Eisini List var fyri, at staturin skuldi leggja seg útí búskaparlig viðurskifti og stuðla lokalum [[Ídnaður|ídnaði]]. Hóast hann var atfinningarsamur mótvegis [[Liberalisma|liberalismuni]], so góðtók hann logikkin aftanfyri frían handil. Hann meinti tó, at ein fortreyt fyri fríum handli var, at lond vóru á sama menningarstigi. Tí var tað neyðugt hjá londum, sum ikki vóru frammaliga í ídnaðarligari menning, at reka ein protektionistiskan handilspolitik og at stuðla lokalum ídnaði. Hann helt, at ein dag fór at bera til hava fullkomnan fríhandil, men fyri at tað skuldi henda „the less advanced nations must first be raised by artificial measures to that stage of cultivation to the which the English nation has been artificially elevated“. <ref>Szporluk, Roman. 1988. ''Communism and Nationalism: Karl Marx versus Friedrich List''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195051032. Síða 19.</ref> Tí var hann av tí áskoðan, at ávís lond, til dømis [[Týskland]], skuldu hava møguleika til við protektionismu at menna seg til ídnaðarlond. 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