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class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="nav-container backbone-profile-documents-nav hidden-xs"><ul class="nav-tablist" role="tablist"><li class="nav-chip active" role="presentation"><a data-section-name="" data-toggle="tab" href="#all" role="tab">all</a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Books" data-toggle="tab" href="#books" role="tab" title="Books"><span>1</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Books</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" title="Papers"><span>154</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Papers</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Books" id="Books"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Books by Stuart Hameroff</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="279960"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/279960/Searching_for_New_Contrasts_Whiteheadian_Contributions_to_Contemporary_Challenges_in_Neurophysiology_Psychology_Psychotherapy_and_the_Philosophy_of_Mind"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Searching for New Contrasts. Whiteheadian Contributions to Contemporary Challenges in Neurophysiology, Psychology, Psychotherapy and the Philosophy of Mind" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30988173/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/279960/Searching_for_New_Contrasts_Whiteheadian_Contributions_to_Contemporary_Challenges_in_Neurophysiology_Psychology_Psychotherapy_and_the_Philosophy_of_Mind">Searching for New Contrasts. Whiteheadian Contributions to Contemporary Challenges in Neurophysiology, Psychology, Psychotherapy and the Philosophy of Mind</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://mta-il.academia.edu/AvrahamSchweiger">Avraham Schweiger</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://chromatika.academia.edu/MichelWeber">Michel Weber</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnCobb4">John Cobb</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Hameroff">Stuart Hameroff</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://nssr.academia.edu/MarcelKinsbourne">Marcel Kinsbourne</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">"Franz G. Riffert & Michel Weber (eds.), Searching for New Contrasts. Whiteheadian Contributions ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">"Franz G. Riffert & Michel Weber (eds.), Searching for New Contrasts. Whiteheadian Contributions to Contemporary Challenges in Neurophysiology, Psychology, Psychotherapy and the Philosophy of Mind, Frankfurt am Main, Peter Lang, Whitehead Psychology Nexus Studies I, 2003. (444 p. ; ISBN 3-631-39089-0 ; 68,5 €) <br />Whitehead claimed that “to sustain a civilization with the intensity of its first ardour requires more than learning. Adventure is essential, namely, the search for new perfections” (Adventures of Ideas, 258). Since humility is—more than ever—urgently needed in scholarship, we have chosen to qualify our conceptual adventure as a search for new contrasts, thus invoking an essential Whiteheadian concept. As the reader will have already understood, contrast does not mean here contention, or strife, or even comparison between fields that are essentially foreign to each other; it means emphasizing the complementariness of differences and the promotion of synergies. <br />" <br /> <br /> <br />Foreword, Franz G. Riffert and Michel Weber <br />List of Contributors <br />Introduction. Reconnecting Science and Metaphysics: General Considerations and Pioneer Works on Process-Psychology, Franz G. Riffert and John B. Cobb, Jr. <br />Part I. Neurophysiology <br />Value in Mind and Nature, Jason W. Brown <br />Consciousness, Whitehead and Quantum Computation in the Brain: Panprotopsychism Meets the Physics of Fundamental Space-Time Geometry, Stuart Hameroff <br />Consciousness: The Brain’s Private Psychological Field, Marcel Kinsbourne <br />The Common Origin of Perception and Action: A Process Perspective, Avraham Schweiger <br />Part II. Psychology <br />Whitehead's Faculty-Psychology, Jean-Claude Dumoncel <br />Psychology Moves Towards Whitehead, John Pickering <br />On Scientific Confirmation of Causal Efficacy, Franz G. Riffert <br />What is Called “Feeling”?—Lure and Certainty in Whitehead and Descartes, Pierre Rodrigo <br />The One and the Many. Reflections on Whitehead’s notion of Personal Identity, Luca Vanzago <br />Part III. Psychotherapy <br />Psychotherapy in Process, John B. Cobb, Jr. <br />The Promise of Process Psychology, David E. Roy <br />The Universality of Impermanence, C. R. F. Sherlock <br />The Art of Epochal Change, Michel Weber <br />Part IV. Philosophy of Mind <br />A Psychology for the Ecosystem, Liliana Albertazzi <br />Mind as Process, Mark H. Bickhard <br />Direct Realism in Perception and Memory, Peter Farleigh <br />Untangling “Self,” “Person,” and “I”, David Galin <br />Whitehead and the Revival (?) of Panpsychism, William Seager <br />Psychology and Physics Reconciled: Whitehead’s Vision of Metaphysics, Anderson Weekes <br />Critical Apparatus <br />General Bibliography <br />Index of Subjects <br />Index of Names <br />Detailed Table of Contents</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="34c3c09f778ce307117415a5f8f8e90a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":30988173,"asset_id":279960,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30988173/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="279960"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="279960"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 279960; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=279960]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=279960]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 279960; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='279960']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 279960, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "34c3c09f778ce307117415a5f8f8e90a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=279960]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":279960,"title":"Searching for New Contrasts. 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Psychology\r\nWhitehead's Faculty-Psychology, Jean-Claude Dumoncel\r\nPsychology Moves Towards Whitehead, John Pickering\r\nOn Scientific Confirmation of Causal Efficacy, Franz G. Riffert\r\nWhat is Called “Feeling”?—Lure and Certainty in Whitehead and Descartes, Pierre Rodrigo\r\nThe One and the Many. Reflections on Whitehead’s notion of Personal Identity, Luca Vanzago\r\nPart III. Psychotherapy\r\nPsychotherapy in Process, John B. Cobb, Jr.\r\nThe Promise of Process Psychology, David E. Roy\r\nThe Universality of Impermanence, C. R. F. Sherlock\r\nThe Art of Epochal Change, Michel Weber\r\nPart IV. Philosophy of Mind\r\nA Psychology for the Ecosystem, Liliana Albertazzi\r\nMind as Process, Mark H. Bickhard\r\nDirect Realism in Perception and Memory, Peter Farleigh\r\nUntangling “Self,” “Person,” and “I”, David Galin\r\nWhitehead and the Revival (?) of Panpsychism, William Seager\r\nPsychology and Physics Reconciled: Whitehead’s Vision of Metaphysics, Anderson Weekes\r\nCritical Apparatus\r\nGeneral Bibliography\r\nIndex of Subjects\r\nIndex of Names\r\nDetailed Table of Contents"},"translated_abstract":"\"Franz G. Riffert \u0026 Michel Weber (eds.), Searching for New Contrasts. Whiteheadian Contributions to Contemporary Challenges in Neurophysiology, Psychology, Psychotherapy and the Philosophy of Mind, Frankfurt am Main, Peter Lang, Whitehead Psychology Nexus Studies I, 2003. (444 p. ; ISBN 3-631-39089-0 ; 68,5 €)\r\nWhitehead claimed that “to sustain a civilization with the intensity of its first ardour requires more than learning. Adventure is essential, namely, the search for new perfections” (Adventures of Ideas, 258). 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$a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Stuart Hameroff</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102536135"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536135/How_COVID_19_Hijacks_the_Cytoskeleton_Therapeutic_Implications"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of How COVID-19 Hijacks the Cytoskeleton: Therapeutic Implications" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781443/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536135/How_COVID_19_Hijacks_the_Cytoskeleton_Therapeutic_Implications">How COVID-19 Hijacks the Cytoskeleton: Therapeutic Implications</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Life</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The SARS-CoV-2 virus invades and replicates within host cells by “hijacking” biomolecular machine...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The SARS-CoV-2 virus invades and replicates within host cells by “hijacking” biomolecular machinery, gaining control of the microtubule cytoskeleton. After attaching to membrane receptors and entering cells, the SARS-CoV-2 virus co-opts the dynamic intra-cellular cytoskeletal network of microtubules, actin, and the microtubule-organizing center, enabling three factors that lead to clinical pathology: (1) viral load due to intra-cellular trafficking, (2) cell-to-cell spread by filopodia, and (3) immune dysfunction, ranging from hyper-inflammatory cytokine storm to ineffective or absent response. These factors all depend directly on microtubules and the microtubule-organizing center, as do cell functions such as mitosis and immune cell movement. Here we consider how the SARS-CoV-2 virus may “hijack” cytoskeletal functions by docking inside the microtubule-organizing center’s centriole “barrels”, enabling certain interactions between the virus’s positively charged spike (“S”) proteins ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b7ee20377a1e13343014d8656321f1d8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781443,"asset_id":102536135,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781443/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102536135"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102536135"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536135; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536135]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536135]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536135; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102536135']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102536135, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b7ee20377a1e13343014d8656321f1d8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102536135]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102536135,"title":"How COVID-19 Hijacks the Cytoskeleton: Therapeutic Implications","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus invades and replicates within host cells by “hijacking” biomolecular machinery, gaining control of the microtubule cytoskeleton. 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After attaching to membrane receptors and entering cells, the SARS-CoV-2 virus co-opts the dynamic intra-cellular cytoskeletal network of microtubules, actin, and the microtubule-organizing center, enabling three factors that lead to clinical pathology: (1) viral load due to intra-cellular trafficking, (2) cell-to-cell spread by filopodia, and (3) immune dysfunction, ranging from hyper-inflammatory cytokine storm to ineffective or absent response. These factors all depend directly on microtubules and the microtubule-organizing center, as do cell functions such as mitosis and immune cell movement. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102536134"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536134/Chapter_5_The_Quantum_Soul_A_Scientific_Hypothesis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 5 The " Quantum Soul " : A Scientific Hypothesis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781440/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536134/Chapter_5_The_Quantum_Soul_A_Scientific_Hypothesis">Chapter 5 The " Quantum Soul " : A Scientific Hypothesis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The concept of consCiousness existing outside the body (e.g. near-death and out-of body experienc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The concept of consCiousness existing outside the body (e.g. near-death and out-of body experiences, NDE/OBEs, or after death, indicative of a &#39;soul&#39;) is a staple of religious traditions, but shunned by conventional science because of an apparent lack of rational explanation. However conventional science based entirely on classical physics cannot account for normal in-the-brain consciousness. The Penrose-Hameroff &#39;Orch OR&#39; model is a quantum approach to consciousness, connecting brain processes (microtubule quantum computations inside neurons) to fluctuations in fundamental spacetime geometry, the fine scale structure of the universe. Recent evidence for significant quantum coherence in warm biological systems, scale-free dynamics and end-of-life brain activity support the notion of a quantum basis for consciousness which could conceivably exist independent of biology in various scalar planes in spacetime geometry. Sir Roger Penrose does not necessarily endorse such ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="59f1ba9308050153c089106977011a78" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781440,"asset_id":102536134,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781440/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102536134"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102536134"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536134; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536134]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536134]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536134; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102536134']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102536134, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "59f1ba9308050153c089106977011a78" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102536134]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102536134,"title":"Chapter 5 The \" Quantum Soul \" : A Scientific Hypothesis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The concept of consCiousness existing outside the body (e.g. near-death and out-of body experiences, NDE/OBEs, or after death, indicative of a \u0026#39;soul\u0026#39;) is a staple of religious traditions, but shunned by conventional science because of an apparent lack of rational explanation. However conventional science based entirely on classical physics cannot account for normal in-the-brain consciousness. The Penrose-Hameroff \u0026#39;Orch OR\u0026#39; model is a quantum approach to consciousness, connecting brain processes (microtubule quantum computations inside neurons) to fluctuations in fundamental spacetime geometry, the fine scale structure of the universe. Recent evidence for significant quantum coherence in warm biological systems, scale-free dynamics and end-of-life brain activity support the notion of a quantum basis for consciousness which could conceivably exist independent of biology in various scalar planes in spacetime geometry. Sir Roger Penrose does not necessarily endorse such ...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2011,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The concept of consCiousness existing outside the body (e.g. near-death and out-of body experiences, NDE/OBEs, or after death, indicative of a \u0026#39;soul\u0026#39;) is a staple of religious traditions, but shunned by conventional science because of an apparent lack of rational explanation. However conventional science based entirely on classical physics cannot account for normal in-the-brain consciousness. The Penrose-Hameroff \u0026#39;Orch OR\u0026#39; model is a quantum approach to consciousness, connecting brain processes (microtubule quantum computations inside neurons) to fluctuations in fundamental spacetime geometry, the fine scale structure of the universe. Recent evidence for significant quantum coherence in warm biological systems, scale-free dynamics and end-of-life brain activity support the notion of a quantum basis for consciousness which could conceivably exist independent of biology in various scalar planes in spacetime geometry. Sir Roger Penrose does not necessarily endorse such ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102536134/Chapter_5_The_Quantum_Soul_A_Scientific_Hypothesis","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-05-29T07:11:22.003-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":264256841,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":102781440,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781440/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"QSoulchap.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781440/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Chapter_5_The_Quantum_Soul_A_Scientific.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102781440/QSoulchap-libre.pdf?1685371095=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChapter_5_The_Quantum_Soul_A_Scientific.pdf\u0026Expires=1733173991\u0026Signature=OaI4wBbM1ENWp7wkAtv8wKP2x4ESYKdAErGB~OUBRqZi~QOupHxwCF2ZKhwEfCkizkiE4RxwAayMwF4301M0tUHurSns1pE5mZXb75k1S~oGcB1FLOGhELUwFu71C9b7~srGHkIa6hcQOhjzHtne5ZGCAUMzbBoNwwdTjnqbqpDzGmG5UdK-AvpYGr76S~~8EIgbYAKfriZw7rJTfkM9JU5-lpBBxAnIa4kgrBAlxui~8McUDsQMRa89C4kpFrWSpzmky~BK4BX-BB11Bdn4x0eBZiZ6WbGKG9yZmsSAwc-ziZZDjbAPeYwTBi-0rvnG9Fz0ueIC-AuzmrghnrC63A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Chapter_5_The_Quantum_Soul_A_Scientific_Hypothesis","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":264256841,"first_name":"Stuart","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hameroff","page_name":"Hameroff","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-04-02T13:23:01.931-07:00","display_name":"Stuart Hameroff","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Hameroff"},"attachments":[{"id":102781440,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781440/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"QSoulchap.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781440/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Chapter_5_The_Quantum_Soul_A_Scientific.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102781440/QSoulchap-libre.pdf?1685371095=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChapter_5_The_Quantum_Soul_A_Scientific.pdf\u0026Expires=1733173991\u0026Signature=OaI4wBbM1ENWp7wkAtv8wKP2x4ESYKdAErGB~OUBRqZi~QOupHxwCF2ZKhwEfCkizkiE4RxwAayMwF4301M0tUHurSns1pE5mZXb75k1S~oGcB1FLOGhELUwFu71C9b7~srGHkIa6hcQOhjzHtne5ZGCAUMzbBoNwwdTjnqbqpDzGmG5UdK-AvpYGr76S~~8EIgbYAKfriZw7rJTfkM9JU5-lpBBxAnIa4kgrBAlxui~8McUDsQMRa89C4kpFrWSpzmky~BK4BX-BB11Bdn4x0eBZiZ6WbGKG9yZmsSAwc-ziZZDjbAPeYwTBi-0rvnG9Fz0ueIC-AuzmrghnrC63A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":102781441,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781441/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"QSoulchap.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781441/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Chapter_5_The_Quantum_Soul_A_Scientific.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102781441/QSoulchap-libre.pdf?1685370947=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChapter_5_The_Quantum_Soul_A_Scientific.pdf\u0026Expires=1733173991\u0026Signature=HFeo98xQHzq6ArEK9dyoKckIHwiHiUNmE2y-c-LyurAXAeGK1D52PlvtYmNeFhyNUxMhqqaYPZgqHWPnh8gpZL8KN4oUZha~WuAvA~0gHcLi7WHCydw3NpA-3K8aV4B0jwHdK7cjkhsUncWTPgo8cv431RDjbMJRIBniVDP5jvRvEFbJFgvKfikCWaCmt~9R12-Z~tUiCOMcIrprDgtbJmJC5B-YNeHC8MJmnJmsxYODTPZ1dpZRxceJnufI4GJuqnpWaX2YTk5z7XA6WkRm6sM00vNXwbmyoYFbipD~q3XCOnGWmIgJYvr96OWb8QMvWYtkv3Dol-iKbR5q0NNpDw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":31839858,"url":"http://newdualism.org/papers/S.Hameroff/QSoulchap.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9b889c35e296cb1b627448b1a46ddfce" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102536133]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102536133,"title":"‘Orch OR’ is the most complete, and most easily falsifiable theory of consciousness","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","grobid_abstract":"The 'Orch OR' theory attributes consciousness to quantum computations in microtubules inside brain neurons. Quantum computers process information as superpositions of multiple possibilities (quantum bits or qubits) which, in Orch OR, are alternative collective dipole oscillations orchestrated ('Orch') by microtubules. These orchestrated oscillations entangle, compute, and terminate ('collapse of the wavefunction') by Penrose objective reduction ('OR'), resulting in sequences of Orch OR moments with orchestrated conscious experience (metaphorically more like music than computation). Each Orch OR event selects microtubule states which govern neuronal functions. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102536130"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536130/Anesthetic_Alterations_of_Collective_Terahertz_Oscillations_in_Tubulin_Correlate_with_Clinical_Potency_Implications_for_Anesthetic_Action_and_Post_Operative_Cognitive_Dysfunction"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Anesthetic Alterations of Collective Terahertz Oscillations in Tubulin Correlate with Clinical Potency: Implications for Anesthetic Action and Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781467/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536130/Anesthetic_Alterations_of_Collective_Terahertz_Oscillations_in_Tubulin_Correlate_with_Clinical_Potency_Implications_for_Anesthetic_Action_and_Post_Operative_Cognitive_Dysfunction">Anesthetic Alterations of Collective Terahertz Oscillations in Tubulin Correlate with Clinical Potency: Implications for Anesthetic Action and Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Scientific reports</span><span>, Jan 29, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Anesthesia blocks consciousness and memory while sparing non-conscious brain activities. While th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Anesthesia blocks consciousness and memory while sparing non-conscious brain activities. While the exact mechanisms of anesthetic action are unknown, the Meyer-Overton correlation provides a link between anesthetic potency and solubility in a lipid-like, non-polar medium. Anesthetic action is also related to an anesthetic&#39;s hydrophobicity, permanent dipole, and polarizability, and is accepted to occur in lipid-like, non-polar regions within brain proteins. Generally the protein target for anesthetics is assumed to be neuronal membrane receptors and ion channels, however new evidence points to critical effects on intra-neuronal microtubules, a target of interest due to their potential role in post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Here we use binding site predictions on tubulin, the protein subunit of microtubules, with molecular docking simulations, quantum chemistry calculations, and theoretical modeling of collective dipole interactions in tubulin to investigate the effe...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="12ef9fc40269aa8c49ac307412058fc0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781467,"asset_id":102536130,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781467/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102536130"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102536130"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536130; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536130]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536130]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536130; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102536130']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102536130, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "12ef9fc40269aa8c49ac307412058fc0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102536130]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102536130,"title":"Anesthetic Alterations of Collective Terahertz Oscillations in Tubulin Correlate with Clinical Potency: Implications for Anesthetic Action and Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Anesthesia blocks consciousness and memory while sparing non-conscious brain activities. While the exact mechanisms of anesthetic action are unknown, the Meyer-Overton correlation provides a link between anesthetic potency and solubility in a lipid-like, non-polar medium. Anesthetic action is also related to an anesthetic\u0026#39;s hydrophobicity, permanent dipole, and polarizability, and is accepted to occur in lipid-like, non-polar regions within brain proteins. Generally the protein target for anesthetics is assumed to be neuronal membrane receptors and ion channels, however new evidence points to critical effects on intra-neuronal microtubules, a target of interest due to their potential role in post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Here we use binding site predictions on tubulin, the protein subunit of microtubules, with molecular docking simulations, quantum chemistry calculations, and theoretical modeling of collective dipole interactions in tubulin to investigate the effe...","publication_date":{"day":29,"month":1,"year":2017,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Scientific reports"},"translated_abstract":"Anesthesia blocks consciousness and memory while sparing non-conscious brain activities. While the exact mechanisms of anesthetic action are unknown, the Meyer-Overton correlation provides a link between anesthetic potency and solubility in a lipid-like, non-polar medium. Anesthetic action is also related to an anesthetic\u0026#39;s hydrophobicity, permanent dipole, and polarizability, and is accepted to occur in lipid-like, non-polar regions within brain proteins. Generally the protein target for anesthetics is assumed to be neuronal membrane receptors and ion channels, however new evidence points to critical effects on intra-neuronal microtubules, a target of interest due to their potential role in post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Here we use binding site predictions on tubulin, the protein subunit of microtubules, with molecular docking simulations, quantum chemistry calculations, and theoretical modeling of collective dipole interactions in tubulin to investigate the effe...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102536130/Anesthetic_Alterations_of_Collective_Terahertz_Oscillations_in_Tubulin_Correlate_with_Clinical_Potency_Implications_for_Anesthetic_Action_and_Post_Operative_Cognitive_Dysfunction","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-05-29T07:11:18.602-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":264256841,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":102781467,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781467/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s41598-017-09992-7.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781467/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Anesthetic_Alterations_of_Collective_Ter.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102781467/s41598-017-09992-7-libre.pdf?1685370368=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAnesthetic_Alterations_of_Collective_Ter.pdf\u0026Expires=1733173991\u0026Signature=cXydPIlFTC0rkawOthSPs-12UP5PuqAFbSwjq1QqC~peRt~TFo9XVnw6oF~Xnd1h0IV8Jseyv9-WjTOHW3WH0~rlioweBjfW6Oahyqa~jWnEsk3l6K~HCL9kPfNVXE5~SeE4MSSBgI0qNhFHu9lZrZKws-P8yBcPMg76FV84J~1GcVPtp39JbiCCbjug13Pq3LcO0a-mVYSFAKJAOVY3hZkscbQ5KnKl9iapKl7V7pYYx28gtJEUCiRK20m2hNtMAZqWyik38ufHNH9gFpHJT9qFjtIotmtrX-TXwDczJhNfTfN0HY1u8LfpoEnTV--UC6S5uPeeUm0BalrK6qakCA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Anesthetic_Alterations_of_Collective_Terahertz_Oscillations_in_Tubulin_Correlate_with_Clinical_Potency_Implications_for_Anesthetic_Action_and_Post_Operative_Cognitive_Dysfunction","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":264256841,"first_name":"Stuart","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hameroff","page_name":"Hameroff","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-04-02T13:23:01.931-07:00","display_name":"Stuart Hameroff","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Hameroff"},"attachments":[{"id":102781467,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781467/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s41598-017-09992-7.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781467/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Anesthetic_Alterations_of_Collective_Ter.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102781467/s41598-017-09992-7-libre.pdf?1685370368=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAnesthetic_Alterations_of_Collective_Ter.pdf\u0026Expires=1733173991\u0026Signature=cXydPIlFTC0rkawOthSPs-12UP5PuqAFbSwjq1QqC~peRt~TFo9XVnw6oF~Xnd1h0IV8Jseyv9-WjTOHW3WH0~rlioweBjfW6Oahyqa~jWnEsk3l6K~HCL9kPfNVXE5~SeE4MSSBgI0qNhFHu9lZrZKws-P8yBcPMg76FV84J~1GcVPtp39JbiCCbjug13Pq3LcO0a-mVYSFAKJAOVY3hZkscbQ5KnKl9iapKl7V7pYYx28gtJEUCiRK20m2hNtMAZqWyik38ufHNH9gFpHJT9qFjtIotmtrX-TXwDczJhNfTfN0HY1u8LfpoEnTV--UC6S5uPeeUm0BalrK6qakCA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience"},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":138126,"name":"Microtubule Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microtubule_Dynamics"},{"id":533598,"name":"Tubulin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tubulin"},{"id":1968557,"name":"Anesthetic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthetic"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102536123"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536123/5_Modeling_figure_ground_separation_with_spiking_neurons"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 5. Modeling figure/ground separation with spiking neurons" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781465/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536123/5_Modeling_figure_ground_separation_with_spiking_neurons">5. Modeling figure/ground separation with spiking neurons</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Simulations in Medicine</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b63a2c4464fab48fe55e381ade7afe80" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781465,"asset_id":102536123,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781465/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102536123"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102536123"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536123; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536123]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536123]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536123; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102536123']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102536123, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b63a2c4464fab48fe55e381ade7afe80" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102536123]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102536123,"title":"5. Modeling figure/ground separation with spiking neurons","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"DE GRUYTER","grobid_abstract":"The human brain routinely performs figure/ground separation like picking up a cup on a table, or grasping an apple from a tree. Figure/ground separation is used not only in vision, but in separating voice from chatter, touch and other modalities, and remains a challenge in artificial intelligence and machine learning. To approach this problem we've shown figure/ground separation in a laterally-connected sheet of 'integrate-and-fire' spiking neurons. Biologically, the lateral connections and sheet are based on 'gap junction' electrical synapses between dendrites and soma of brain neurons, e.g. cortical layer 5 pyramidal cells and interneurons. The method is based on locally computing the average integration potential for each neuron using lateral connection inputs as well as direct sensory inputs. We show results for artificial as well as real world images in which the model adaptively extracts a figure from background, irrespective of actual numerical value of the figure's pixels. Lateral modulation enables collective integration and synchronized firing/spiking of large groups of neurons. As lateral connections open and close, a zone of integration moves through the larger system. With further development, such 'mobile zones' offer models for executive agency, causal action, attention and correlates of consciousness in intelligent systems.","publication_name":"Simulations in Medicine","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":102781465},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102536123/5_Modeling_figure_ground_separation_with_spiking_neurons","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-05-29T07:11:17.220-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":264256841,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":102781465,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781465/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"modelingFigureGroundSeparation.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781465/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"5_Modeling_figure_ground_separation_with.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102781465/modelingFigureGroundSeparation-libre.pdf?1685370367=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3D5_Modeling_figure_ground_separation_with.pdf\u0026Expires=1733152435\u0026Signature=W2jmAQAom5KF5VXBzl1PZnTIq1vSXR1uV0IuOiDo5brlanJShFu7bFypO82YtGROXqx2HGgXXiDjHWY5IEK00Ku2B60Yel4XCaV0DdouWyPxBlucU5rgnXuQfbR~hZ5CPvdct5eqnA5scv-ZEoGbvcZQ-9-M4erpIi9WRTF-JJCSMxN8mujIaZ5c8QCXmovXGBs3B~dMuLUhuQXTATVXJklaNCQfQMhYr~YDkok4eLCNu8azzuZDllkZsJoe~K1NqPkzLMwnitI6SMIDKEAXIK~UKaosUI19eE2l2HU6lyh5NLhkkK1LBYyB5-CCMwV9QL6GH9w3HiZzTEoo2EFkGw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"5_Modeling_figure_ground_separation_with_spiking_neurons","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":264256841,"first_name":"Stuart","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hameroff","page_name":"Hameroff","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-04-02T13:23:01.931-07:00","display_name":"Stuart Hameroff","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Hameroff"},"attachments":[{"id":102781465,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781465/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"modelingFigureGroundSeparation.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781465/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"5_Modeling_figure_ground_separation_with.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102781465/modelingFigureGroundSeparation-libre.pdf?1685370367=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3D5_Modeling_figure_ground_separation_with.pdf\u0026Expires=1733152435\u0026Signature=W2jmAQAom5KF5VXBzl1PZnTIq1vSXR1uV0IuOiDo5brlanJShFu7bFypO82YtGROXqx2HGgXXiDjHWY5IEK00Ku2B60Yel4XCaV0DdouWyPxBlucU5rgnXuQfbR~hZ5CPvdct5eqnA5scv-ZEoGbvcZQ-9-M4erpIi9WRTF-JJCSMxN8mujIaZ5c8QCXmovXGBs3B~dMuLUhuQXTATVXJklaNCQfQMhYr~YDkok4eLCNu8azzuZDllkZsJoe~K1NqPkzLMwnitI6SMIDKEAXIK~UKaosUI19eE2l2HU6lyh5NLhkkK1LBYyB5-CCMwV9QL6GH9w3HiZzTEoo2EFkGw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science"},{"id":952554,"name":"Figure Ground","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Figure_Ground-1"}],"urls":[{"id":31839851,"url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110406344-007/pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102536118"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536118/Anesthetics_Act_in_Quantum_Channels_in_Brain_Microtubules_to_Prevent_Consciousness"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Anesthetics Act in Quantum Channels in Brain Microtubules to Prevent Consciousness" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781462/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536118/Anesthetics_Act_in_Quantum_Channels_in_Brain_Microtubules_to_Prevent_Consciousness">Anesthetics Act in Quantum Channels in Brain Microtubules to Prevent Consciousness</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e1f5a105dd18d4911549f519b1aca7b9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781462,"asset_id":102536118,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781462/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102536118"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102536118"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536118; 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At the turn of the 20 th century Meyer and Overton showed that potency of structurally dissimilar anesthetic gas molecules correlated precisely over many orders of magnitude with one factor, solubility in a non-polar, 'hydrophobic' medium akin to olive oil. In the 1980s Franks and Lieb showed anesthetics acted in such a medium within proteins, suggesting post-synaptic membrane receptors. But anesthetic studies on such proteins yielded only confusing results. In recent years Eckenhoff and colleagues have found anesthetic action in microtubules, cytoskeletal polymers of the protein tubulin inside brain neurons. 'Quantum mobility' in microtubules has been proposed to mediate consciousness. Through molecular modeling we have previously shown: (1) olive oillike non-polar, hydrophobic quantum mobility pathways ('quantum channels') of tryptophan rings in tubulin, (2) binding of anesthetic gas molecules in these channels, and (3) capabilities for π-electron resonant energy transfer, or exciton hopping, among tryptophan aromatic rings in quantum channels, similar to photosynthesis protein quantum coherence. Here, we show anesthetic molecules can impair π-resonance energy transfer and exciton hopping in tubulin quantum channels, and thus account for selective action of anesthetics on consciousness and memory.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":102781462},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102536118/Anesthetics_Act_in_Quantum_Channels_in_Brain_Microtubules_to_Prevent_Consciousness","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-05-29T07:11:10.926-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":264256841,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":102781462,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781462/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"d7e690826a9c94c48f43cc70cf165ab93b98.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781462/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Anesthetics_Act_in_Quantum_Channels_in_B.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102781462/d7e690826a9c94c48f43cc70cf165ab93b98-libre.pdf?1685370360=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAnesthetics_Act_in_Quantum_Channels_in_B.pdf\u0026Expires=1733152435\u0026Signature=U2ZMrJfIQPDHi6I01dcZV8FaeUvj8zLQqkwQgaOul8C2uMdJP0AsfFCE4DWuQpkK0iUbjRmV8Une0WvKRxUe8~TIdjubXrJj1pag0rDa2U1qg0U21hFhFj4Sgp2oMZwgW5~RxGY0EH4OmbJasj7Dw8Xw24qRcaDEinFzMEqDn8efwgHdpms46wmfy9wM-eqLBn8rFDmhNRLUrSGa9EchNgNV50FiHT0suZgy3sdrPoFCtXXkchi3QENbefuBAmrLAhD1HLVvV4k5qBDYftL9TnsM6pZ-IzXgWKW5W9O46lFexEEYZqn3AuNF5lnFLSqpByd-Dg1L87s44wmF3v8F0A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Anesthetics_Act_in_Quantum_Channels_in_Brain_Microtubules_to_Prevent_Consciousness","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":264256841,"first_name":"Stuart","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hameroff","page_name":"Hameroff","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-04-02T13:23:01.931-07:00","display_name":"Stuart Hameroff","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Hameroff"},"attachments":[{"id":102781462,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781462/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"d7e690826a9c94c48f43cc70cf165ab93b98.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781462/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Anesthetics_Act_in_Quantum_Channels_in_B.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102781462/d7e690826a9c94c48f43cc70cf165ab93b98-libre.pdf?1685370360=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAnesthetics_Act_in_Quantum_Channels_in_B.pdf\u0026Expires=1733152435\u0026Signature=U2ZMrJfIQPDHi6I01dcZV8FaeUvj8zLQqkwQgaOul8C2uMdJP0AsfFCE4DWuQpkK0iUbjRmV8Une0WvKRxUe8~TIdjubXrJj1pag0rDa2U1qg0U21hFhFj4Sgp2oMZwgW5~RxGY0EH4OmbJasj7Dw8Xw24qRcaDEinFzMEqDn8efwgHdpms46wmfy9wM-eqLBn8rFDmhNRLUrSGa9EchNgNV50FiHT0suZgy3sdrPoFCtXXkchi3QENbefuBAmrLAhD1HLVvV4k5qBDYftL9TnsM6pZ-IzXgWKW5W9O46lFexEEYZqn3AuNF5lnFLSqpByd-Dg1L87s44wmF3v8F0A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":502,"name":"Biophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biophysics"},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain"},{"id":138126,"name":"Microtubule Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microtubule_Dynamics"},{"id":172350,"name":"Microtubules","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microtubules"},{"id":328098,"name":"Anesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthetics"},{"id":1968557,"name":"Anesthetic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthetic"}],"urls":[{"id":31839848,"url":"http://eurekaselect.com/article/download/128780"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Some philosophers have contended that \"qualia,\" or an experiential medium from which consciousness is derived, exists as a fundamental component of reality. Whitehead, for example, described the universe as being comprised of \"occasions of experience.\" To examine this possibility scientifically, the very nature of physical reality must be reexamined. We must come to terms with the physics of space-time-as is described by Einstein's general theory of relativity-and its relation to the fundamental theory of matter-as described by quantum theory. This leads us to employ a new physics of objective reduction: \" OR\" which appeals to a form of quantum gravity to provide a useful description of fundamental processes at the quantum/classical borderline. Within the OR scheme, we consider that consciousness occurs if an appropriately organized system is able to develop and maintain quantum coherent superposition until a specific \"objective\" criterion (a threshold related to quantum gravity) is reached; the coherent system then self-reduces (objective reduction: OR). We contend that this type of objective self-collapse introduces non-computability, an essential feature of consciousness. OR is taken as an instantaneous event-the climax of a self-organizing process in fundamental space-time-and a candidate for a conscious Whitehead \"occasion\" of experience. How could an OR process occur in the brain, be coupled to neural activities, and account for other features of consciousness? We nominate an OR process with the requisite characteristics to be occurring in cytoskeletal microtubules within the brain's neurons. In this model, quantum-superposed states develop in microtubule subunit proteins (\"tubulins\"), remain coherent and recruit more superposed tubulins until a mass-time-energy threshold (related to quantum gravity) is reached. At that point, self-collapse, or objective reduction (OR) abruptly occurs. We equate the pre-reduction, coherent superposition (\"quantum computing\") phase with pre-conscious processes, and each instantaneous (and non-computable) OR, or self-collapse, with a discrete conscious event. Sequences of OR events give rise to a \"stream\" of consciousness. Microtubule-associated-proteins can \"tune\" the quantum oscillations of the coherent superposed states; the OR is thus self-organized, or \"orchestrated\" (\"Orch OR\"). Each Orch OR event selects (non-computably) microtubule subunit states which regulate synaptic/neural functions using classical signaling. The quantum gravity threshold for self-collapse is relevant to consciousness, according to our arguments, because macroscopic superposed quantum states each have their own space-time geometries. These geometries are also superposed, and in some way \"separated,\" but when sufficiently separated, the superposition of space-time geometries becomes significantly unstable, and reduce to a single universe state. Quantum gravity determines the limits of the instability; we contend that the actual choice of state made by Nature is non-computable. Thus each Orch OR event is a self-selection of space-time geometry, coupled to the brain through microtubules and other biomolecules. If conscious experience is intimately connected with the very physics underlying space-time structure, then Orch OR in microtubules indeed provides us with a completely new and uniquely promising perspective on the hard problem of consciousness.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2007,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"NeuroQuantology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":102781463},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102536117/Conscious_Events_as_Orchestrated_Space_Time_Selections","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-05-29T07:11:10.730-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":264256841,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":102781463,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781463/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"3b0bfc8bc44c59ea798006a1744a7c86323c.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781463/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Conscious_Events_as_Orchestrated_Space_T.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102781463/3b0bfc8bc44c59ea798006a1744a7c86323c-libre.pdf?1685370379=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DConscious_Events_as_Orchestrated_Space_T.pdf\u0026Expires=1733152435\u0026Signature=fI0FbmrK4Qo52YPqpatMZTzs4FJ2Xe5llEYfbQT9gAHn~aRluBRhW0VQq~QwrBI1dUFHhLQASVTgfFAUjFtm~sXPZOqPDthLawXYdjywHuBlkj0JrsdgklnxM5EzYn3y8inagHAtguAzRBs5eynnS7ErNfFR12qrrc3-qn9ljrTfEbcbcX5LpyIKgAk02Fw4nLQdpDt~puS2tux-mdMUfBtJysby88jwI3iELjFKimqUL9zpeXJdFAhonAIO-3ZCe780sJvnY2mp-OJny9DqyLmUaPhjYQiSfSy5DPM7GNnZxnns9~LyIgVTMqQ6rKYa9wn6IzYxfD3d0oEAyYlGsQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Conscious_Events_as_Orchestrated_Space_Time_Selections","translated_slug":"","page_count":26,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":264256841,"first_name":"Stuart","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hameroff","page_name":"Hameroff","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-04-02T13:23:01.931-07:00","display_name":"Stuart Hameroff","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Hameroff"},"attachments":[{"id":102781463,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781463/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"3b0bfc8bc44c59ea798006a1744a7c86323c.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781463/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Conscious_Events_as_Orchestrated_Space_T.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102781463/3b0bfc8bc44c59ea798006a1744a7c86323c-libre.pdf?1685370379=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DConscious_Events_as_Orchestrated_Space_T.pdf\u0026Expires=1733152435\u0026Signature=fI0FbmrK4Qo52YPqpatMZTzs4FJ2Xe5llEYfbQT9gAHn~aRluBRhW0VQq~QwrBI1dUFHhLQASVTgfFAUjFtm~sXPZOqPDthLawXYdjywHuBlkj0JrsdgklnxM5EzYn3y8inagHAtguAzRBs5eynnS7ErNfFR12qrrc3-qn9ljrTfEbcbcX5LpyIKgAk02Fw4nLQdpDt~puS2tux-mdMUfBtJysby88jwI3iELjFKimqUL9zpeXJdFAhonAIO-3ZCe780sJvnY2mp-OJny9DqyLmUaPhjYQiSfSy5DPM7GNnZxnns9~LyIgVTMqQ6rKYa9wn6IzYxfD3d0oEAyYlGsQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness"},{"id":29487,"name":"Space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space"},{"id":31553,"name":"Qualia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualia"},{"id":48936,"name":"TIME","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TIME"},{"id":69262,"name":"Quantum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum"},{"id":287628,"name":"NeuroQuantology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NeuroQuantology"},{"id":621517,"name":"Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time-2"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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In HFJV, a small pulsating jet of gas flowing from a regulated high pressure source is introduced into the airway. Pulsations result from precise regulation of the gas stream by either fluidic or electromechanical control systems.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102536116"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102536116"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536116; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536116]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536116]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536116; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102536116']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102536116, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102536116]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102536116,"title":"Effects of High Frequency Jet Ventilation Design and Operational Variables upon Arterial Blood Gas Tensions","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"High frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is but one mode of high frequency ventilation (HFV) that has been utilized successfully to provide respiratory support. In HFJV, a small pulsating jet of gas flowing from a regulated high pressure source is introduced into the airway. Pulsations result from precise regulation of the gas stream by either fluidic or electromechanical control systems.","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1983,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Perspectives in High Frequency Ventilation"},"translated_abstract":"High frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is but one mode of high frequency ventilation (HFV) that has been utilized successfully to provide respiratory support. In HFJV, a small pulsating jet of gas flowing from a regulated high pressure source is introduced into the airway. Pulsations result from precise regulation of the gas stream by either fluidic or electromechanical control systems.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102536116/Effects_of_High_Frequency_Jet_Ventilation_Design_and_Operational_Variables_upon_Arterial_Blood_Gas_Tensions","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-05-29T07:11:10.484-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":264256841,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Effects_of_High_Frequency_Jet_Ventilation_Design_and_Operational_Variables_upon_Arterial_Blood_Gas_Tensions","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":264256841,"first_name":"Stuart","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hameroff","page_name":"Hameroff","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-04-02T13:23:01.931-07:00","display_name":"Stuart Hameroff","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Hameroff"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science"}],"urls":[{"id":31839847,"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-94-009-6711-3_6"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Phenomenal or subjective aspects of visual consciousness constituting the 'experience of vision' are the most difficult to explain; indeed, understanding the subjective or experiential aspects of consciousness has been designated as the 'hard problem' 1. The Penrose-Hameroff ORCHESTRATED OBJECTIVE REDUCTION (ORCH OR) model of QUANTUM computation in MICROTUBULES within neurons can potentially account for subjectivity by connecting the quantum process to a modern form of PAN-PROTOPSYCHIST philosophy 2 (Box 1 and see Glossary). The Orch OR model might also explain other enigmatic features of consciousness including 'binding' or the unitary nature of conscious experience. Regarding binding, we agree with Searle 3 that consciousness is irreducible, and in fact believe that binding requires an actual physical state: QUANTUM COHERENCE. The Orch OR model is also compatible with known neurophysiology and can generate testable predictions 4. Orch OR and other quantum models have potential explanatory value for the perplexing features of consciousness, but face at least two apparent obstacles. First, technological quantum computation requires isolation and extreme cold to prevent thermal interactions (i.e. DECOHERENCE) that are known to destroy delicate quantum processes 5,6. Second, it is unclear how a quantum state or field isolated within individual neurons could extend across membranes and anatomical regions to approach brain-wide proportions in many neurons. We address the latter issue by postulating QUANTUM TUNNELING across GAP JUNCTIONS, which would allow intracellular quantum states to spread among neurons. We also outline the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology that could accommodate Orch OR and result in phenomenal visual consciousness. First, however, we address the issue of decoherence.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2001,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Trends in Cognitive 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}); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102536114"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536114/Funda_Mentality_is_the_conscious_mind_subtly_linked_to_a_basic_level_of_the_universe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Funda-Mentality': is the conscious mind subtly linked to a basic level of the universe?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781461/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536114/Funda_Mentality_is_the_conscious_mind_subtly_linked_to_a_basic_level_of_the_universe">Funda-Mentality': is the conscious mind subtly linked to a basic level of the universe?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Trends in Cognitive Sciences</span><span>, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e54db24e2a395ba13c679f71ab3517fe" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781461,"asset_id":102536114,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781461/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102536114"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa 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$('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102536114]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102536114,"title":"Funda-Mentality': is the conscious mind subtly linked to a basic level of the universe?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"Age-old battle lines over the puzzling nature of mental experience are shaping a modern resurgence in the study of consciousness. On one side are the long-dominant \"physicalists\" (reductionists, materialists, functionalists, computationalists. .) who see consciousness as an emergent property of the brain's neural networks (\"brain = mind = computer\"). On the alternative, rebellious side are those who see a necessary added ingredient: proto-conscious experience intrinsic to reality, perhaps understandable through modern physics (panpsychists, pan-experientialists, \"funda-mentalists\"). It is argued here that the physicalist premise alone is unable to solve completely the difficult issues of consciousness (e.g. experience, binding, preconscious conscious transition, non-computability and free will) and that to do so will require supplemental panpsychist/pan-experiential philosophy expressed in modern physics. In one such scheme proto-conscious experience is a basic property of physical reality accessible to a quantum process associated with brain activity. The proposed process is Roger Penrose's objective reduction (OR), a self-organizing \"collapse\" of the quantum wave function related to instability at the most basic level of spacetime geometry. In the Penrose-Hameroff model of \"orchestrated objective reduction\" (\"Orch OR\"), OR quantum computation occurs in cytoskeletal microtubules within the brain's neurons and links cognition with proto-conscious experience and Platonic values embedded in spacetime geometry. The basic idea is that consciousness involves brain activities coupled to self-organizing ripples in fundamental reality. Introduction-A Burning Issue Can conscious experience-feelings, qualia, our \"inner life\"-be accommodated within present-day science? Those who believe it can (e.g. physicalists, reductionists, materialists, functionalists, computationalists) see conscious experience as an emergent property of complex neural network computation. Others see conscious experience either outside science (dualists), or believe science must expand to include experience (idealists, panpsychists, pan-experientialists, \"fundamentalists\"). These philosophical battle lines were originally drawn in ancient Greece between Socrates, who believed the cerebrum created consciousness, and Aristotle, Democritus, Thales and others who argued that mental qualities belonged to fundamental reality. Perhaps both sides were correct. Brain = Mind = Computer? The basic physicalist idea is that the mind is a computer functioning in the brain's neural networks. The current leading candidate for a computer-like \"neural correlate\" of consciousness involves synchronously oscillating feedback loops of thalamo-cortical neurons. Higher frequencies (collectively known as \"coherent 40 Hz\") have been suggested to mediate temporal binding of conscious experience (e.g. Singer, Gray, Crick and Koch, etc.). The proposals vary, for example as to whether coherence originates in thalamus or resonates in cortical networks, but \"thalamo-cortical 40 Hz\" stands as a prevalent view of the substrate for consciousness.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1998,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Trends in Cognitive 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href="https://www.academia.edu/102536113/Anesthesia_consciousness_and_hydrophobic_pockets_a_unitary_quantum_hypothesis_of_anesthetic_action">Anesthesia, consciousness and hydrophobic pockets—a unitary quantum hypothesis of anesthetic action</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Toxicology Letters</span><span>, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f811024abc24eeeda99363356866848b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781459,"asset_id":102536113,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781459/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span 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Enigmatic features of consciousness have defied conventional neurophysiological exp lanations and prompted suggestions for supplemental occurrence of macroscopic quantum coherent states and quantum computation in the brain. Are these feasible? During conscious (non-anesthetic) conditions, endogenous Van der Waals London dispersion forces occur among non-polar amino acid groups in hydrophobic pockets of neural proteins and help regulate their conformation/function. London forces are weak instantaneous couplings between pairs of electron induced dipoles (e.g. between adjacent nonpolar amino acid groups), and are quantum mechanical effects capable of supporting quantum superposition/computation and macroscopic quantum coherence. Quantum effects mediated by endogenous London forces in hydrophobic pockets of select neural proteins may be necessary for consciousness. The mechanism of anesthetics may be to inhibit (by exogenous London forces) the necessary quantum states.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1998,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Toxicology 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href="https://www.academia.edu/102536112/Computational_Predictions_of_Volatile_Anesthetic_Interactions_with_the_Microtubule_Cytoskeleton_Implications_for_Side_Effects_of_General_Anesthesia">Computational Predictions of Volatile Anesthetic Interactions with the Microtubule Cytoskeleton: Implications for Side Effects of General Anesthesia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLoS ONE</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b721495b712e615d86f5ad4970aa7ba7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781483,"asset_id":102536112,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781483/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action 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As the neuronal cytoskeleton is extremely complex, it is no wonder that a startling number of neurodegenerative disorders (including but not limited to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease) share the common feature of a dysfunctional neuronal cytoskeleton. Recently, concern has been raised about a possible link between anesthesia, post-operative cognitive dysfunction, and the exacerbation of neurodegenerative disorders. Experimental investigations suggest that anesthetics bind to and affect cytoskeletal microtubules, and that anesthesia-related cognitive dysfunction involves microtubule instability, hyper-phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau, and tau separation from microtubules. However, exact mechanisms are yet to be identified. In this paper the interaction of anesthetics with the microtubule subunit protein tubulin is investigated using computer-modeling methods. Homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulations and surface geometry techniques were used to determine putative binding sites for volatile anesthetics on tubulin. This was followed by free energy based docking calculations for halothane (2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) on the tubulin body, and C-terminal regions for specific tubulin isotypes. Locations of the putative binding sites, halothane binding energies and the relation to cytoskeleton function are reported in this paper.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2012,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"PLoS 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brain microtubules? The Penrose–Hameroff ‘Orch OR‘ model of consciousness" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781458/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536111/Quantum_computation_in_brain_microtubules_The_Penrose_Hameroff_Orch_OR_model_of_consciousness">Quantum computation in brain microtubules? The Penrose–Hameroff ‘Orch OR‘ model of consciousness</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences</span><span>, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6cab301df53c9d7a7bd052f4314715c7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781458,"asset_id":102536111,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781458/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102536111"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102536111"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536111; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536111]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536111]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536111; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102536111']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102536111, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6cab301df53c9d7a7bd052f4314715c7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102536111]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102536111,"title":"Quantum computation in brain microtubules? The Penrose–Hameroff ‘Orch OR‘ model of consciousness","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"The Royal Society","ai_title_tag":"Quantum Computation and Consciousness: Exploring the Orch OR Model","grobid_abstract":"In principle, quantum computation is capable of specific applications beyond the reach of classical computing (e.g., Shor, 1994). A number of technological systems aimed at realizing these proposals have been suggested and are being evaluated as possible substrates for quantum computers (e.g. trapped ions, electron spins, quantum dots, nuclear spins, etc., see Table 1; Bennett, 1995; and Barenco, 1995). The main obstacle to realization of quantum computation is the problem of interfacing to the system (input, output) while also protecting the quantum state from environmental decoherence. If this problem can be overcome, then present day classical computers may evolve to quantum computers. The workings of the human mind have been historically described as metaphors of contemporary information technology. In ancient Greece memory was like a \"seal ring in wax\" and in the 19th century the mind was seen as a telegraph switching circuit. In this century the classical computer has been the dominant metaphor for the brain's activities. If quantum computation becomes a technological reality, consciousness may inevitably be seen as some form of quantum computation. Indeed enigmatic features of consciousness have already led to proposals for quantum computation in the brain. Conventional explanations portray consciousness as an emergent property of classical computer-like activities in the brain's neural networks (e.g. functionalism, reductionism, physicalism, materialism, computationalism-Churchland, 1986; Dennett, 1991; Churchland and Sejnowski, 1992). The current leading candidate for a computer-like \"neural correlate\" of consciousness involves neuronal circuits oscillating synchronously in thalamus and cerebral cortex. Higher frequency oscillations (collectively known as \"coherent 40 Hz\") are suggested to mediate temporal binding of conscious experience (e.g.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1998,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102536110"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536110/How_quantum_brain_biology_can_rescue_conscious_free_will"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of How quantum brain biology can rescue conscious free will" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781455/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536110/How_quantum_brain_biology_can_rescue_conscious_free_will">How quantum brain biology can rescue conscious free will</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6fd6bb2ddfa561e3398d4922fd390d38" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781455,"asset_id":102536110,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781455/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102536110"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102536110"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536110; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536110]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536110]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536110; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102536110']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102536110, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6fd6bb2ddfa561e3398d4922fd390d38" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102536110]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102536110,"title":"How quantum brain biology can rescue conscious free will","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","grobid_abstract":"Conscious \"free will\" is problematic because (1) brain mechanisms causing consciousness are unknown, (2) measurable brain activity correlating with conscious perception apparently occurs too late for real-time conscious response, consciousness thus being considered \"epiphenomenal illusion,\" and (3) determinism, i.e., our actions and the world around us seem algorithmic and inevitable. The Penrose-Hameroff theory of \"orchestrated objective reduction (Orch OR)\" identifies discrete conscious moments with quantum computations in microtubules inside brain neurons, e.g., 40/s in concert with gamma synchrony EEG. Microtubules organize neuronal interiors and regulate synapses. In Orch OR, microtubule quantum computations occur in integration phases in dendrites and cell bodies of integrate-and-fire brain neurons connected and synchronized by gap junctions, allowing entanglement of microtubules among many neurons. Quantum computations in entangled microtubules terminate by Penrose \"objective reduction (OR),\" a proposal for quantum state reduction and conscious moments linked to fundamental spacetime geometry. Each OR reduction selects microtubule states which can trigger axonal firings, and control behavior. The quantum computations are \"orchestrated\" by synaptic inputs and memory (thus \"Orch OR\"). If correct, Orch OR can account for conscious causal agency, resolving problem 1. Regarding problem 2, Orch OR can cause temporal non-locality, sending quantum information backward in classical time, enabling conscious control of behavior. Three lines of evidence for brain backward time effects are presented. Regarding problem 3, Penrose OR (and Orch OR) invokes non-computable influences from information embedded in spacetime geometry, potentially avoiding algorithmic determinism. In summary, Orch OR can account for real-time conscious causal agency, avoiding the need for consciousness to be seen as epiphenomenal illusion. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="17452801" id="books"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="279960"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/279960/Searching_for_New_Contrasts_Whiteheadian_Contributions_to_Contemporary_Challenges_in_Neurophysiology_Psychology_Psychotherapy_and_the_Philosophy_of_Mind"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Searching for New Contrasts. Whiteheadian Contributions to Contemporary Challenges in Neurophysiology, Psychology, Psychotherapy and the Philosophy of Mind" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30988173/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/279960/Searching_for_New_Contrasts_Whiteheadian_Contributions_to_Contemporary_Challenges_in_Neurophysiology_Psychology_Psychotherapy_and_the_Philosophy_of_Mind">Searching for New Contrasts. Whiteheadian Contributions to Contemporary Challenges in Neurophysiology, Psychology, Psychotherapy and the Philosophy of Mind</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://mta-il.academia.edu/AvrahamSchweiger">Avraham Schweiger</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://chromatika.academia.edu/MichelWeber">Michel Weber</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnCobb4">John Cobb</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Hameroff">Stuart Hameroff</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://nssr.academia.edu/MarcelKinsbourne">Marcel Kinsbourne</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">"Franz G. Riffert & Michel Weber (eds.), Searching for New Contrasts. Whiteheadian Contributions ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">"Franz G. Riffert & Michel Weber (eds.), Searching for New Contrasts. Whiteheadian Contributions to Contemporary Challenges in Neurophysiology, Psychology, Psychotherapy and the Philosophy of Mind, Frankfurt am Main, Peter Lang, Whitehead Psychology Nexus Studies I, 2003. (444 p. ; ISBN 3-631-39089-0 ; 68,5 €) <br />Whitehead claimed that “to sustain a civilization with the intensity of its first ardour requires more than learning. Adventure is essential, namely, the search for new perfections” (Adventures of Ideas, 258). Since humility is—more than ever—urgently needed in scholarship, we have chosen to qualify our conceptual adventure as a search for new contrasts, thus invoking an essential Whiteheadian concept. As the reader will have already understood, contrast does not mean here contention, or strife, or even comparison between fields that are essentially foreign to each other; it means emphasizing the complementariness of differences and the promotion of synergies. <br />" <br /> <br /> <br />Foreword, Franz G. Riffert and Michel Weber <br />List of Contributors <br />Introduction. Reconnecting Science and Metaphysics: General Considerations and Pioneer Works on Process-Psychology, Franz G. Riffert and John B. Cobb, Jr. <br />Part I. Neurophysiology <br />Value in Mind and Nature, Jason W. Brown <br />Consciousness, Whitehead and Quantum Computation in the Brain: Panprotopsychism Meets the Physics of Fundamental Space-Time Geometry, Stuart Hameroff <br />Consciousness: The Brain’s Private Psychological Field, Marcel Kinsbourne <br />The Common Origin of Perception and Action: A Process Perspective, Avraham Schweiger <br />Part II. Psychology <br />Whitehead's Faculty-Psychology, Jean-Claude Dumoncel <br />Psychology Moves Towards Whitehead, John Pickering <br />On Scientific Confirmation of Causal Efficacy, Franz G. Riffert <br />What is Called “Feeling”?—Lure and Certainty in Whitehead and Descartes, Pierre Rodrigo <br />The One and the Many. Reflections on Whitehead’s notion of Personal Identity, Luca Vanzago <br />Part III. Psychotherapy <br />Psychotherapy in Process, John B. Cobb, Jr. <br />The Promise of Process Psychology, David E. Roy <br />The Universality of Impermanence, C. R. F. Sherlock <br />The Art of Epochal Change, Michel Weber <br />Part IV. Philosophy of Mind <br />A Psychology for the Ecosystem, Liliana Albertazzi <br />Mind as Process, Mark H. Bickhard <br />Direct Realism in Perception and Memory, Peter Farleigh <br />Untangling “Self,” “Person,” and “I”, David Galin <br />Whitehead and the Revival (?) of Panpsychism, William Seager <br />Psychology and Physics Reconciled: Whitehead’s Vision of Metaphysics, Anderson Weekes <br />Critical Apparatus <br />General Bibliography <br />Index of Subjects <br />Index of Names <br />Detailed Table of Contents</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="34c3c09f778ce307117415a5f8f8e90a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":30988173,"asset_id":279960,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30988173/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="279960"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="279960"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 279960; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=279960]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=279960]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 279960; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='279960']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 279960, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "34c3c09f778ce307117415a5f8f8e90a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=279960]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":279960,"title":"Searching for New Contrasts. Whiteheadian Contributions to Contemporary Challenges in Neurophysiology, Psychology, Psychotherapy and the Philosophy of Mind","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"\"Franz G. Riffert \u0026 Michel Weber (eds.), Searching for New Contrasts. Whiteheadian Contributions to Contemporary Challenges in Neurophysiology, Psychology, Psychotherapy and the Philosophy of Mind, Frankfurt am Main, Peter Lang, Whitehead Psychology Nexus Studies I, 2003. (444 p. ; ISBN 3-631-39089-0 ; 68,5 €)\r\nWhitehead claimed that “to sustain a civilization with the intensity of its first ardour requires more than learning. Adventure is essential, namely, the search for new perfections” (Adventures of Ideas, 258). Since humility is—more than ever—urgently needed in scholarship, we have chosen to qualify our conceptual adventure as a search for new contrasts, thus invoking an essential Whiteheadian concept. As the reader will have already understood, contrast does not mean here contention, or strife, or even comparison between fields that are essentially foreign to each other; it means emphasizing the complementariness of differences and the promotion of synergies.\r\n\"\r\n\r\n\r\nForeword, Franz G. Riffert and Michel Weber\r\nList of Contributors\r\nIntroduction. Reconnecting Science and Metaphysics: General Considerations and Pioneer Works on Process-Psychology, Franz G. Riffert and John B. Cobb, Jr.\r\nPart I. Neurophysiology\r\nValue in Mind and Nature, Jason W. Brown\r\nConsciousness, Whitehead and Quantum Computation in the Brain: Panprotopsychism Meets the Physics of Fundamental Space-Time Geometry, Stuart Hameroff\r\nConsciousness: The Brain’s Private Psychological Field, Marcel Kinsbourne\r\nThe Common Origin of Perception and Action: A Process Perspective, Avraham Schweiger\r\nPart II. Psychology\r\nWhitehead's Faculty-Psychology, Jean-Claude Dumoncel\r\nPsychology Moves Towards Whitehead, John Pickering\r\nOn Scientific Confirmation of Causal Efficacy, Franz G. Riffert\r\nWhat is Called “Feeling”?—Lure and Certainty in Whitehead and Descartes, Pierre Rodrigo\r\nThe One and the Many. Reflections on Whitehead’s notion of Personal Identity, Luca Vanzago\r\nPart III. Psychotherapy\r\nPsychotherapy in Process, John B. Cobb, Jr.\r\nThe Promise of Process Psychology, David E. Roy\r\nThe Universality of Impermanence, C. R. F. Sherlock\r\nThe Art of Epochal Change, Michel Weber\r\nPart IV. Philosophy of Mind\r\nA Psychology for the Ecosystem, Liliana Albertazzi\r\nMind as Process, Mark H. Bickhard\r\nDirect Realism in Perception and Memory, Peter Farleigh\r\nUntangling “Self,” “Person,” and “I”, David Galin\r\nWhitehead and the Revival (?) of Panpsychism, William Seager\r\nPsychology and Physics Reconciled: Whitehead’s Vision of Metaphysics, Anderson Weekes\r\nCritical Apparatus\r\nGeneral Bibliography\r\nIndex of Subjects\r\nIndex of Names\r\nDetailed Table of Contents"},"translated_abstract":"\"Franz G. Riffert \u0026 Michel Weber (eds.), Searching for New Contrasts. Whiteheadian Contributions to Contemporary Challenges in Neurophysiology, Psychology, Psychotherapy and the Philosophy of Mind, Frankfurt am Main, Peter Lang, Whitehead Psychology Nexus Studies I, 2003. (444 p. ; ISBN 3-631-39089-0 ; 68,5 €)\r\nWhitehead claimed that “to sustain a civilization with the intensity of its first ardour requires more than learning. Adventure is essential, namely, the search for new perfections” (Adventures of Ideas, 258). Since humility is—more than ever—urgently needed in scholarship, we have chosen to qualify our conceptual adventure as a search for new contrasts, thus invoking an essential Whiteheadian concept. As the reader will have already understood, contrast does not mean here contention, or strife, or even comparison between fields that are essentially foreign to each other; it means emphasizing the complementariness of differences and the promotion of synergies.\r\n\"\r\n\r\n\r\nForeword, Franz G. Riffert and Michel Weber\r\nList of Contributors\r\nIntroduction. Reconnecting Science and Metaphysics: General Considerations and Pioneer Works on Process-Psychology, Franz G. Riffert and John B. Cobb, Jr.\r\nPart I. Neurophysiology\r\nValue in Mind and Nature, Jason W. Brown\r\nConsciousness, Whitehead and Quantum Computation in the Brain: Panprotopsychism Meets the Physics of Fundamental Space-Time Geometry, Stuart Hameroff\r\nConsciousness: The Brain’s Private Psychological Field, Marcel Kinsbourne\r\nThe Common Origin of Perception and Action: A Process Perspective, Avraham Schweiger\r\nPart II. Psychology\r\nWhitehead's Faculty-Psychology, Jean-Claude Dumoncel\r\nPsychology Moves Towards Whitehead, John Pickering\r\nOn Scientific Confirmation of Causal Efficacy, Franz G. Riffert\r\nWhat is Called “Feeling”?—Lure and Certainty in Whitehead and Descartes, Pierre Rodrigo\r\nThe One and the Many. Reflections on Whitehead’s notion of Personal Identity, Luca Vanzago\r\nPart III. Psychotherapy\r\nPsychotherapy in Process, John B. Cobb, Jr.\r\nThe Promise of Process Psychology, David E. Roy\r\nThe Universality of Impermanence, C. R. F. Sherlock\r\nThe Art of Epochal Change, Michel Weber\r\nPart IV. Philosophy of Mind\r\nA Psychology for the Ecosystem, Liliana Albertazzi\r\nMind as Process, Mark H. Bickhard\r\nDirect Realism in Perception and Memory, Peter Farleigh\r\nUntangling “Self,” “Person,” and “I”, David Galin\r\nWhitehead and the Revival (?) of Panpsychism, William Seager\r\nPsychology and Physics Reconciled: Whitehead’s Vision of Metaphysics, Anderson Weekes\r\nCritical Apparatus\r\nGeneral Bibliography\r\nIndex of Subjects\r\nIndex of Names\r\nDetailed Table of Contents","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/279960/Searching_for_New_Contrasts_Whiteheadian_Contributions_to_Contemporary_Challenges_in_Neurophysiology_Psychology_Psychotherapy_and_the_Philosophy_of_Mind","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2010-07-30T20:19:42.834-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":180762,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[{"id":3928796,"work_id":279960,"tagging_user_id":180762,"tagged_user_id":33440446,"co_author_invite_id":936994,"email":"s***e@mta.ac.il","affiliation":"The Academic College of Tel-Aviv Yaffo","display_order":0,"name":"Avraham Schweiger","title":"Searching for New Contrasts. 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$a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="17452802" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102536135"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536135/How_COVID_19_Hijacks_the_Cytoskeleton_Therapeutic_Implications"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of How COVID-19 Hijacks the Cytoskeleton: Therapeutic Implications" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781443/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536135/How_COVID_19_Hijacks_the_Cytoskeleton_Therapeutic_Implications">How COVID-19 Hijacks the Cytoskeleton: Therapeutic Implications</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Life</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The SARS-CoV-2 virus invades and replicates within host cells by “hijacking” biomolecular machine...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The SARS-CoV-2 virus invades and replicates within host cells by “hijacking” biomolecular machinery, gaining control of the microtubule cytoskeleton. After attaching to membrane receptors and entering cells, the SARS-CoV-2 virus co-opts the dynamic intra-cellular cytoskeletal network of microtubules, actin, and the microtubule-organizing center, enabling three factors that lead to clinical pathology: (1) viral load due to intra-cellular trafficking, (2) cell-to-cell spread by filopodia, and (3) immune dysfunction, ranging from hyper-inflammatory cytokine storm to ineffective or absent response. These factors all depend directly on microtubules and the microtubule-organizing center, as do cell functions such as mitosis and immune cell movement. Here we consider how the SARS-CoV-2 virus may “hijack” cytoskeletal functions by docking inside the microtubule-organizing center’s centriole “barrels”, enabling certain interactions between the virus’s positively charged spike (“S”) proteins ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b7ee20377a1e13343014d8656321f1d8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781443,"asset_id":102536135,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781443/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102536135"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102536135"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536135; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536135]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536135]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536135; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102536135']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102536135, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b7ee20377a1e13343014d8656321f1d8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102536135]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102536135,"title":"How COVID-19 Hijacks the Cytoskeleton: Therapeutic Implications","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus invades and replicates within host cells by “hijacking” biomolecular machinery, gaining control of the microtubule cytoskeleton. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102536134"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536134/Chapter_5_The_Quantum_Soul_A_Scientific_Hypothesis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 5 The " Quantum Soul " : A Scientific Hypothesis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781440/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536134/Chapter_5_The_Quantum_Soul_A_Scientific_Hypothesis">Chapter 5 The " Quantum Soul " : A Scientific Hypothesis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The concept of consCiousness existing outside the body (e.g. near-death and out-of body experienc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The concept of consCiousness existing outside the body (e.g. near-death and out-of body experiences, NDE/OBEs, or after death, indicative of a &#39;soul&#39;) is a staple of religious traditions, but shunned by conventional science because of an apparent lack of rational explanation. However conventional science based entirely on classical physics cannot account for normal in-the-brain consciousness. The Penrose-Hameroff &#39;Orch OR&#39; model is a quantum approach to consciousness, connecting brain processes (microtubule quantum computations inside neurons) to fluctuations in fundamental spacetime geometry, the fine scale structure of the universe. Recent evidence for significant quantum coherence in warm biological systems, scale-free dynamics and end-of-life brain activity support the notion of a quantum basis for consciousness which could conceivably exist independent of biology in various scalar planes in spacetime geometry. Sir Roger Penrose does not necessarily endorse such ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="59f1ba9308050153c089106977011a78" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781440,"asset_id":102536134,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781440/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102536134"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102536134"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536134; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536134]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536134]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536134; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102536134']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102536134, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "59f1ba9308050153c089106977011a78" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102536134]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102536134,"title":"Chapter 5 The \" Quantum Soul \" : A Scientific Hypothesis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The concept of consCiousness existing outside the body (e.g. near-death and out-of body experiences, NDE/OBEs, or after death, indicative of a \u0026#39;soul\u0026#39;) is a staple of religious traditions, but shunned by conventional science because of an apparent lack of rational explanation. However conventional science based entirely on classical physics cannot account for normal in-the-brain consciousness. The Penrose-Hameroff \u0026#39;Orch OR\u0026#39; model is a quantum approach to consciousness, connecting brain processes (microtubule quantum computations inside neurons) to fluctuations in fundamental spacetime geometry, the fine scale structure of the universe. Recent evidence for significant quantum coherence in warm biological systems, scale-free dynamics and end-of-life brain activity support the notion of a quantum basis for consciousness which could conceivably exist independent of biology in various scalar planes in spacetime geometry. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102536130"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536130/Anesthetic_Alterations_of_Collective_Terahertz_Oscillations_in_Tubulin_Correlate_with_Clinical_Potency_Implications_for_Anesthetic_Action_and_Post_Operative_Cognitive_Dysfunction"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Anesthetic Alterations of Collective Terahertz Oscillations in Tubulin Correlate with Clinical Potency: Implications for Anesthetic Action and Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781467/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536130/Anesthetic_Alterations_of_Collective_Terahertz_Oscillations_in_Tubulin_Correlate_with_Clinical_Potency_Implications_for_Anesthetic_Action_and_Post_Operative_Cognitive_Dysfunction">Anesthetic Alterations of Collective Terahertz Oscillations in Tubulin Correlate with Clinical Potency: Implications for Anesthetic Action and Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Scientific reports</span><span>, Jan 29, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Anesthesia blocks consciousness and memory while sparing non-conscious brain activities. While th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Anesthesia blocks consciousness and memory while sparing non-conscious brain activities. While the exact mechanisms of anesthetic action are unknown, the Meyer-Overton correlation provides a link between anesthetic potency and solubility in a lipid-like, non-polar medium. Anesthetic action is also related to an anesthetic&#39;s hydrophobicity, permanent dipole, and polarizability, and is accepted to occur in lipid-like, non-polar regions within brain proteins. Generally the protein target for anesthetics is assumed to be neuronal membrane receptors and ion channels, however new evidence points to critical effects on intra-neuronal microtubules, a target of interest due to their potential role in post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Here we use binding site predictions on tubulin, the protein subunit of microtubules, with molecular docking simulations, quantum chemistry calculations, and theoretical modeling of collective dipole interactions in tubulin to investigate the effe...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="12ef9fc40269aa8c49ac307412058fc0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781467,"asset_id":102536130,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781467/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102536130"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102536130"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536130; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536130]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536130]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536130; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102536130']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102536130, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "12ef9fc40269aa8c49ac307412058fc0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102536130]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102536130,"title":"Anesthetic Alterations of Collective Terahertz Oscillations in Tubulin Correlate with Clinical Potency: Implications for Anesthetic Action and Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Anesthesia blocks consciousness and memory while sparing non-conscious brain activities. 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Modeling figure/ground separation with spiking neurons" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781465/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536123/5_Modeling_figure_ground_separation_with_spiking_neurons">5. Modeling figure/ground separation with spiking neurons</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Simulations in Medicine</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b63a2c4464fab48fe55e381ade7afe80" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781465,"asset_id":102536123,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781465/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102536123"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102536123"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536123; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536123]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536123]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536123; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102536123']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102536123, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b63a2c4464fab48fe55e381ade7afe80" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102536123]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102536123,"title":"5. Modeling figure/ground separation with spiking neurons","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"DE GRUYTER","grobid_abstract":"The human brain routinely performs figure/ground separation like picking up a cup on a table, or grasping an apple from a tree. Figure/ground separation is used not only in vision, but in separating voice from chatter, touch and other modalities, and remains a challenge in artificial intelligence and machine learning. To approach this problem we've shown figure/ground separation in a laterally-connected sheet of 'integrate-and-fire' spiking neurons. Biologically, the lateral connections and sheet are based on 'gap junction' electrical synapses between dendrites and soma of brain neurons, e.g. cortical layer 5 pyramidal cells and interneurons. The method is based on locally computing the average integration potential for each neuron using lateral connection inputs as well as direct sensory inputs. We show results for artificial as well as real world images in which the model adaptively extracts a figure from background, irrespective of actual numerical value of the figure's pixels. Lateral modulation enables collective integration and synchronized firing/spiking of large groups of neurons. As lateral connections open and close, a zone of integration moves through the larger system. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102536121"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536121/Consciousness_free_will_and_quantum_brain_biology_The_Orch_OR_theory"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Consciousness, free will and quantum brain biology – The ‘Orch OR’ theory" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781464/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536121/Consciousness_free_will_and_quantum_brain_biology_The_Orch_OR_theory">Consciousness, free will and quantum brain biology – The ‘Orch OR’ theory</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Quantum Physics Meets the Philosophy of Mind</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3165864fa133ae03749cf90b11287644" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781464,"asset_id":102536121,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781464/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102536121"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102536121"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536121; 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At the turn of the 20 th century Meyer and Overton showed that potency of structurally dissimilar anesthetic gas molecules correlated precisely over many orders of magnitude with one factor, solubility in a non-polar, 'hydrophobic' medium akin to olive oil. In the 1980s Franks and Lieb showed anesthetics acted in such a medium within proteins, suggesting post-synaptic membrane receptors. But anesthetic studies on such proteins yielded only confusing results. In recent years Eckenhoff and colleagues have found anesthetic action in microtubules, cytoskeletal polymers of the protein tubulin inside brain neurons. 'Quantum mobility' in microtubules has been proposed to mediate consciousness. Through molecular modeling we have previously shown: (1) olive oillike non-polar, hydrophobic quantum mobility pathways ('quantum channels') of tryptophan rings in tubulin, (2) binding of anesthetic gas molecules in these channels, and (3) capabilities for π-electron resonant energy transfer, or exciton hopping, among tryptophan aromatic rings in quantum channels, similar to photosynthesis protein quantum coherence. Here, we show anesthetic molecules can impair π-resonance energy transfer and exciton hopping in tubulin quantum channels, and thus account for selective action of anesthetics on consciousness and memory.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":102781462},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102536118/Anesthetics_Act_in_Quantum_Channels_in_Brain_Microtubules_to_Prevent_Consciousness","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-05-29T07:11:10.926-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":264256841,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":102781462,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781462/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"d7e690826a9c94c48f43cc70cf165ab93b98.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781462/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Anesthetics_Act_in_Quantum_Channels_in_B.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102781462/d7e690826a9c94c48f43cc70cf165ab93b98-libre.pdf?1685370360=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAnesthetics_Act_in_Quantum_Channels_in_B.pdf\u0026Expires=1733152435\u0026Signature=U2ZMrJfIQPDHi6I01dcZV8FaeUvj8zLQqkwQgaOul8C2uMdJP0AsfFCE4DWuQpkK0iUbjRmV8Une0WvKRxUe8~TIdjubXrJj1pag0rDa2U1qg0U21hFhFj4Sgp2oMZwgW5~RxGY0EH4OmbJasj7Dw8Xw24qRcaDEinFzMEqDn8efwgHdpms46wmfy9wM-eqLBn8rFDmhNRLUrSGa9EchNgNV50FiHT0suZgy3sdrPoFCtXXkchi3QENbefuBAmrLAhD1HLVvV4k5qBDYftL9TnsM6pZ-IzXgWKW5W9O46lFexEEYZqn3AuNF5lnFLSqpByd-Dg1L87s44wmF3v8F0A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Anesthetics_Act_in_Quantum_Channels_in_Brain_Microtubules_to_Prevent_Consciousness","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":264256841,"first_name":"Stuart","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hameroff","page_name":"Hameroff","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-04-02T13:23:01.931-07:00","display_name":"Stuart Hameroff","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Hameroff"},"attachments":[{"id":102781462,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781462/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"d7e690826a9c94c48f43cc70cf165ab93b98.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781462/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Anesthetics_Act_in_Quantum_Channels_in_B.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102781462/d7e690826a9c94c48f43cc70cf165ab93b98-libre.pdf?1685370360=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAnesthetics_Act_in_Quantum_Channels_in_B.pdf\u0026Expires=1733152435\u0026Signature=U2ZMrJfIQPDHi6I01dcZV8FaeUvj8zLQqkwQgaOul8C2uMdJP0AsfFCE4DWuQpkK0iUbjRmV8Une0WvKRxUe8~TIdjubXrJj1pag0rDa2U1qg0U21hFhFj4Sgp2oMZwgW5~RxGY0EH4OmbJasj7Dw8Xw24qRcaDEinFzMEqDn8efwgHdpms46wmfy9wM-eqLBn8rFDmhNRLUrSGa9EchNgNV50FiHT0suZgy3sdrPoFCtXXkchi3QENbefuBAmrLAhD1HLVvV4k5qBDYftL9TnsM6pZ-IzXgWKW5W9O46lFexEEYZqn3AuNF5lnFLSqpByd-Dg1L87s44wmF3v8F0A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":502,"name":"Biophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biophysics"},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain"},{"id":138126,"name":"Microtubule Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microtubule_Dynamics"},{"id":172350,"name":"Microtubules","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microtubules"},{"id":328098,"name":"Anesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthetics"},{"id":1968557,"name":"Anesthetic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthetic"}],"urls":[{"id":31839848,"url":"http://eurekaselect.com/article/download/128780"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102536117"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536117/Conscious_Events_as_Orchestrated_Space_Time_Selections"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Conscious Events as Orchestrated Space-Time Selections" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781463/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536117/Conscious_Events_as_Orchestrated_Space_Time_Selections">Conscious Events as Orchestrated Space-Time Selections</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>NeuroQuantology</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ce9d9e032b2330920dab6ef9c7607678" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781463,"asset_id":102536117,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781463/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102536117"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102536117"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536117; 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Some philosophers have contended that \"qualia,\" or an experiential medium from which consciousness is derived, exists as a fundamental component of reality. Whitehead, for example, described the universe as being comprised of \"occasions of experience.\" To examine this possibility scientifically, the very nature of physical reality must be reexamined. We must come to terms with the physics of space-time-as is described by Einstein's general theory of relativity-and its relation to the fundamental theory of matter-as described by quantum theory. This leads us to employ a new physics of objective reduction: \" OR\" which appeals to a form of quantum gravity to provide a useful description of fundamental processes at the quantum/classical borderline. Within the OR scheme, we consider that consciousness occurs if an appropriately organized system is able to develop and maintain quantum coherent superposition until a specific \"objective\" criterion (a threshold related to quantum gravity) is reached; the coherent system then self-reduces (objective reduction: OR). We contend that this type of objective self-collapse introduces non-computability, an essential feature of consciousness. OR is taken as an instantaneous event-the climax of a self-organizing process in fundamental space-time-and a candidate for a conscious Whitehead \"occasion\" of experience. How could an OR process occur in the brain, be coupled to neural activities, and account for other features of consciousness? We nominate an OR process with the requisite characteristics to be occurring in cytoskeletal microtubules within the brain's neurons. In this model, quantum-superposed states develop in microtubule subunit proteins (\"tubulins\"), remain coherent and recruit more superposed tubulins until a mass-time-energy threshold (related to quantum gravity) is reached. At that point, self-collapse, or objective reduction (OR) abruptly occurs. We equate the pre-reduction, coherent superposition (\"quantum computing\") phase with pre-conscious processes, and each instantaneous (and non-computable) OR, or self-collapse, with a discrete conscious event. Sequences of OR events give rise to a \"stream\" of consciousness. Microtubule-associated-proteins can \"tune\" the quantum oscillations of the coherent superposed states; the OR is thus self-organized, or \"orchestrated\" (\"Orch OR\"). Each Orch OR event selects (non-computably) microtubule subunit states which regulate synaptic/neural functions using classical signaling. The quantum gravity threshold for self-collapse is relevant to consciousness, according to our arguments, because macroscopic superposed quantum states each have their own space-time geometries. These geometries are also superposed, and in some way \"separated,\" but when sufficiently separated, the superposition of space-time geometries becomes significantly unstable, and reduce to a single universe state. Quantum gravity determines the limits of the instability; we contend that the actual choice of state made by Nature is non-computable. Thus each Orch OR event is a self-selection of space-time geometry, coupled to the brain through microtubules and other biomolecules. 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Phenomenal or subjective aspects of visual consciousness constituting the 'experience of vision' are the most difficult to explain; indeed, understanding the subjective or experiential aspects of consciousness has been designated as the 'hard problem' 1. The Penrose-Hameroff ORCHESTRATED OBJECTIVE REDUCTION (ORCH OR) model of QUANTUM computation in MICROTUBULES within neurons can potentially account for subjectivity by connecting the quantum process to a modern form of PAN-PROTOPSYCHIST philosophy 2 (Box 1 and see Glossary). The Orch OR model might also explain other enigmatic features of consciousness including 'binding' or the unitary nature of conscious experience. Regarding binding, we agree with Searle 3 that consciousness is irreducible, and in fact believe that binding requires an actual physical state: QUANTUM COHERENCE. The Orch OR model is also compatible with known neurophysiology and can generate testable predictions 4. Orch OR and other quantum models have potential explanatory value for the perplexing features of consciousness, but face at least two apparent obstacles. First, technological quantum computation requires isolation and extreme cold to prevent thermal interactions (i.e. DECOHERENCE) that are known to destroy delicate quantum processes 5,6. Second, it is unclear how a quantum state or field isolated within individual neurons could extend across membranes and anatomical regions to approach brain-wide proportions in many neurons. We address the latter issue by postulating QUANTUM TUNNELING across GAP JUNCTIONS, which would allow intracellular quantum states to spread among neurons. We also outline the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology that could accommodate Orch OR and result in phenomenal visual consciousness. 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}); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102536114"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536114/Funda_Mentality_is_the_conscious_mind_subtly_linked_to_a_basic_level_of_the_universe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Funda-Mentality': is the conscious mind subtly linked to a basic level of the universe?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781461/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536114/Funda_Mentality_is_the_conscious_mind_subtly_linked_to_a_basic_level_of_the_universe">Funda-Mentality': is the conscious mind subtly linked to a basic level of the universe?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Trends in Cognitive Sciences</span><span>, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e54db24e2a395ba13c679f71ab3517fe" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781461,"asset_id":102536114,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781461/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102536114"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa 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$('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102536114]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102536114,"title":"Funda-Mentality': is the conscious mind subtly linked to a basic level of the universe?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"Age-old battle lines over the puzzling nature of mental experience are shaping a modern resurgence in the study of consciousness. On one side are the long-dominant \"physicalists\" (reductionists, materialists, functionalists, computationalists. .) who see consciousness as an emergent property of the brain's neural networks (\"brain = mind = computer\"). On the alternative, rebellious side are those who see a necessary added ingredient: proto-conscious experience intrinsic to reality, perhaps understandable through modern physics (panpsychists, pan-experientialists, \"funda-mentalists\"). It is argued here that the physicalist premise alone is unable to solve completely the difficult issues of consciousness (e.g. experience, binding, preconscious conscious transition, non-computability and free will) and that to do so will require supplemental panpsychist/pan-experiential philosophy expressed in modern physics. In one such scheme proto-conscious experience is a basic property of physical reality accessible to a quantum process associated with brain activity. The proposed process is Roger Penrose's objective reduction (OR), a self-organizing \"collapse\" of the quantum wave function related to instability at the most basic level of spacetime geometry. In the Penrose-Hameroff model of \"orchestrated objective reduction\" (\"Orch OR\"), OR quantum computation occurs in cytoskeletal microtubules within the brain's neurons and links cognition with proto-conscious experience and Platonic values embedded in spacetime geometry. The basic idea is that consciousness involves brain activities coupled to self-organizing ripples in fundamental reality. Introduction-A Burning Issue Can conscious experience-feelings, qualia, our \"inner life\"-be accommodated within present-day science? Those who believe it can (e.g. physicalists, reductionists, materialists, functionalists, computationalists) see conscious experience as an emergent property of complex neural network computation. Others see conscious experience either outside science (dualists), or believe science must expand to include experience (idealists, panpsychists, pan-experientialists, \"fundamentalists\"). These philosophical battle lines were originally drawn in ancient Greece between Socrates, who believed the cerebrum created consciousness, and Aristotle, Democritus, Thales and others who argued that mental qualities belonged to fundamental reality. Perhaps both sides were correct. Brain = Mind = Computer? The basic physicalist idea is that the mind is a computer functioning in the brain's neural networks. The current leading candidate for a computer-like \"neural correlate\" of consciousness involves synchronously oscillating feedback loops of thalamo-cortical neurons. Higher frequencies (collectively known as \"coherent 40 Hz\") have been suggested to mediate temporal binding of conscious experience (e.g. Singer, Gray, Crick and Koch, etc.). The proposals vary, for example as to whether coherence originates in thalamus or resonates in cortical networks, but \"thalamo-cortical 40 Hz\" stands as a prevalent view of the substrate for consciousness.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1998,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Trends in Cognitive 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}); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102536113"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536113/Anesthesia_consciousness_and_hydrophobic_pockets_a_unitary_quantum_hypothesis_of_anesthetic_action"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Anesthesia, consciousness and hydrophobic pockets—a unitary quantum hypothesis of anesthetic action" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781459/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536113/Anesthesia_consciousness_and_hydrophobic_pockets_a_unitary_quantum_hypothesis_of_anesthetic_action">Anesthesia, consciousness and hydrophobic pockets—a unitary quantum hypothesis of anesthetic action</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Toxicology Letters</span><span>, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f811024abc24eeeda99363356866848b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781459,"asset_id":102536113,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781459/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span 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_.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f811024abc24eeeda99363356866848b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102536113]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102536113,"title":"Anesthesia, consciousness and hydrophobic pockets—a unitary quantum hypothesis of anesthetic action","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"Anesthetic gas molecules are recognized to act by van der Waals (London dispersion) forces in hydrophobic pockets of select brain proteins to ablate consciousness. Enigmatic features of consciousness have defied conventional neurophysiological exp lanations and prompted suggestions for supplemental occurrence of macroscopic quantum coherent states and quantum computation in the brain. Are these feasible? During conscious (non-anesthetic) conditions, endogenous Van der Waals London dispersion forces occur among non-polar amino acid groups in hydrophobic pockets of neural proteins and help regulate their conformation/function. London forces are weak instantaneous couplings between pairs of electron induced dipoles (e.g. between adjacent nonpolar amino acid groups), and are quantum mechanical effects capable of supporting quantum superposition/computation and macroscopic quantum coherence. Quantum effects mediated by endogenous London forces in hydrophobic pockets of select neural proteins may be necessary for consciousness. The mechanism of anesthetics may be to inhibit (by exogenous London forces) the necessary quantum states.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1998,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Toxicology 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$a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102536112"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536112/Computational_Predictions_of_Volatile_Anesthetic_Interactions_with_the_Microtubule_Cytoskeleton_Implications_for_Side_Effects_of_General_Anesthesia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Computational Predictions of Volatile Anesthetic Interactions with the Microtubule Cytoskeleton: Implications for Side Effects of General Anesthesia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781483/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536112/Computational_Predictions_of_Volatile_Anesthetic_Interactions_with_the_Microtubule_Cytoskeleton_Implications_for_Side_Effects_of_General_Anesthesia">Computational Predictions of Volatile Anesthetic Interactions with the Microtubule Cytoskeleton: Implications for Side Effects of General Anesthesia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLoS ONE</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b721495b712e615d86f5ad4970aa7ba7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781483,"asset_id":102536112,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781483/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action 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As the neuronal cytoskeleton is extremely complex, it is no wonder that a startling number of neurodegenerative disorders (including but not limited to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease) share the common feature of a dysfunctional neuronal cytoskeleton. Recently, concern has been raised about a possible link between anesthesia, post-operative cognitive dysfunction, and the exacerbation of neurodegenerative disorders. Experimental investigations suggest that anesthetics bind to and affect cytoskeletal microtubules, and that anesthesia-related cognitive dysfunction involves microtubule instability, hyper-phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau, and tau separation from microtubules. However, exact mechanisms are yet to be identified. In this paper the interaction of anesthetics with the microtubule subunit protein tubulin is investigated using computer-modeling methods. Homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulations and surface geometry techniques were used to determine putative binding sites for volatile anesthetics on tubulin. This was followed by free energy based docking calculations for halothane (2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) on the tubulin body, and C-terminal regions for specific tubulin isotypes. Locations of the putative binding sites, halothane binding energies and the relation to cytoskeleton function are reported in this paper.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2012,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"PLoS 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Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Dynamics"},{"id":37508,"name":"Cytoskeleton","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytoskeleton"},{"id":37848,"name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurodegenerative_Diseases"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation"},{"id":147195,"name":"Central Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Nervous_System"},{"id":172350,"name":"Microtubules","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microtubules"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one"},{"id":254060,"name":"General Anesthesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Anesthesia"},{"id":328098,"name":"Anesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthetics"},{"id":891140,"name":"Cognitive 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brain microtubules? The Penrose–Hameroff ‘Orch OR‘ model of consciousness" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781458/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102536111/Quantum_computation_in_brain_microtubules_The_Penrose_Hameroff_Orch_OR_model_of_consciousness">Quantum computation in brain microtubules? The Penrose–Hameroff ‘Orch OR‘ model of consciousness</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences</span><span>, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6cab301df53c9d7a7bd052f4314715c7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102781458,"asset_id":102536111,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781458/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102536111"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102536111"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536111; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536111]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102536111]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102536111; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102536111']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102536111, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6cab301df53c9d7a7bd052f4314715c7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102536111]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102536111,"title":"Quantum computation in brain microtubules? The Penrose–Hameroff ‘Orch OR‘ model of consciousness","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"The Royal Society","ai_title_tag":"Quantum Computation and Consciousness: Exploring the Orch OR Model","grobid_abstract":"In principle, quantum computation is capable of specific applications beyond the reach of classical computing (e.g., Shor, 1994). A number of technological systems aimed at realizing these proposals have been suggested and are being evaluated as possible substrates for quantum computers (e.g. trapped ions, electron spins, quantum dots, nuclear spins, etc., see Table 1; Bennett, 1995; and Barenco, 1995). The main obstacle to realization of quantum computation is the problem of interfacing to the system (input, output) while also protecting the quantum state from environmental decoherence. If this problem can be overcome, then present day classical computers may evolve to quantum computers. The workings of the human mind have been historically described as metaphors of contemporary information technology. In ancient Greece memory was like a \"seal ring in wax\" and in the 19th century the mind was seen as a telegraph switching circuit. In this century the classical computer has been the dominant metaphor for the brain's activities. If quantum computation becomes a technological reality, consciousness may inevitably be seen as some form of quantum computation. Indeed enigmatic features of consciousness have already led to proposals for quantum computation in the brain. Conventional explanations portray consciousness as an emergent property of classical computer-like activities in the brain's neural networks (e.g. functionalism, reductionism, physicalism, materialism, computationalism-Churchland, 1986; Dennett, 1991; Churchland and Sejnowski, 1992). The current leading candidate for a computer-like \"neural correlate\" of consciousness involves neuronal circuits oscillating synchronously in thalamus and cerebral cortex. Higher frequency oscillations (collectively known as \"coherent 40 Hz\") are suggested to mediate temporal binding of conscious experience (e.g.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1998,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 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The Penrose-Hameroff theory of \"orchestrated objective reduction (Orch OR)\" identifies discrete conscious moments with quantum computations in microtubules inside brain neurons, e.g., 40/s in concert with gamma synchrony EEG. Microtubules organize neuronal interiors and regulate synapses. In Orch OR, microtubule quantum computations occur in integration phases in dendrites and cell bodies of integrate-and-fire brain neurons connected and synchronized by gap junctions, allowing entanglement of microtubules among many neurons. Quantum computations in entangled microtubules terminate by Penrose \"objective reduction (OR),\" a proposal for quantum state reduction and conscious moments linked to fundamental spacetime geometry. Each OR reduction selects microtubule states which can trigger axonal firings, and control behavior. The quantum computations are \"orchestrated\" by synaptic inputs and memory (thus \"Orch OR\"). If correct, Orch OR can account for conscious causal agency, resolving problem 1. Regarding problem 2, Orch OR can cause temporal non-locality, sending quantum information backward in classical time, enabling conscious control of behavior. Three lines of evidence for brain backward time effects are presented. Regarding problem 3, Penrose OR (and Orch OR) invokes non-computable influences from information embedded in spacetime geometry, potentially avoiding algorithmic determinism. In summary, Orch OR can account for real-time conscious causal agency, avoiding the need for consciousness to be seen as epiphenomenal illusion. Orch OR can rescue conscious free will.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2012,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":102781455},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102536110/How_quantum_brain_biology_can_rescue_conscious_free_will","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-05-29T07:11:08.801-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":264256841,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":102781455,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781455/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781455/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"How_quantum_brain_biology_can_rescue_con.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102781455/pdf-libre.pdf?1685370367=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHow_quantum_brain_biology_can_rescue_con.pdf\u0026Expires=1733173991\u0026Signature=Q29a5bDtrtN6w0jsIzNmto1cUhCz6i7TLYJzhrru9Oul7nXg-LlESMIi9aIIPtnBCAJmQ7ioguLS-NyjBR2AscX7F~a2TPJa9PiwutWvYyNpP6dtZT3WL~gBXrUAmdSLfRVkPo~nRWZp5Bv3eL0d2fKIuxrWj08id4oqqPM56krqNLGgihpnmgHrEKrTOKIGJgdiM9of0D~OqeQ9ShQSGX2yZMFyF1EwKJ7LSHD97lLP580VKOlR16N3CyVB2hWld-7nRFJB8cG0irxF5o5A04yjXtlQZunCx6bLtTTGxLVvewyYOi7PhsDWU6jHW0mrFEshw~V1ZpwKb~F2Y8q6Mg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"How_quantum_brain_biology_can_rescue_conscious_free_will","translated_slug":"","page_count":17,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":264256841,"first_name":"Stuart","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hameroff","page_name":"Hameroff","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-04-02T13:23:01.931-07:00","display_name":"Stuart Hameroff","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Hameroff"},"attachments":[{"id":102781455,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102781455/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102781455/download_file?st=MTczMzE3NjU1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"How_quantum_brain_biology_can_rescue_con.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102781455/pdf-libre.pdf?1685370367=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHow_quantum_brain_biology_can_rescue_con.pdf\u0026Expires=1733173991\u0026Signature=Q29a5bDtrtN6w0jsIzNmto1cUhCz6i7TLYJzhrru9Oul7nXg-LlESMIi9aIIPtnBCAJmQ7ioguLS-NyjBR2AscX7F~a2TPJa9PiwutWvYyNpP6dtZT3WL~gBXrUAmdSLfRVkPo~nRWZp5Bv3eL0d2fKIuxrWj08id4oqqPM56krqNLGgihpnmgHrEKrTOKIGJgdiM9of0D~OqeQ9ShQSGX2yZMFyF1EwKJ7LSHD97lLP580VKOlR16N3CyVB2hWld-7nRFJB8cG0irxF5o5A04yjXtlQZunCx6bLtTTGxLVvewyYOi7PhsDWU6jHW0mrFEshw~V1ZpwKb~F2Y8q6Mg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":146,"name":"Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics"},{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience"},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science"},{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science"},{"id":5462,"name":"Gap Junctions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gap_Junctions"},{"id":6811,"name":"Quantum Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Theory"},{"id":8014,"name":"Life Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Sciences"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness"},{"id":18297,"name":"Free Will","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Will"},{"id":24089,"name":"Causality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causality"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":66744,"name":"Biomedical Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Research"},{"id":76151,"name":"Determinism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Determinism"},{"id":150690,"name":"Benjamin Libet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benjamin_Libet"},{"id":172350,"name":"Microtubules","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microtubules"},{"id":234854,"name":"Entanglement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entanglement"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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