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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Immune system</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">7,700 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Immune system</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Immune_system">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45381807" data-work_id="45381807" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45381807/Candidate_Gene_Approach_for_Parasite_Resistance_in_Sheep_Variation_in_Immune_Pathway_Genes_and_Association_with_Fecal_Egg_Count">Candidate Gene Approach for Parasite Resistance in Sheep – Variation in Immune Pathway Genes and Association with Fecal Egg Count</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sheep chromosome 3 (Oar3) has the largest number of QTLs reported to be significantly associated with resistance to gastro-intestinal nematodes. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within candidate genes... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45381807" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sheep chromosome 3 (Oar3) has the largest number of QTLs reported to be significantly associated with resistance to gastro-intestinal nematodes. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within candidate genes located in sheep chromosome 3 as well as genes involved in major immune pathways. A total of 41 SNPs were identified across 38 candidate genes in a panel of unrelated sheep and genotyped in 713 animals belonging to 22 breeds across Asia, Europe and South America. The variations and evolution of immune pathway genes were assessed in sheep populations across these macro-environmental regions that significantly differ in the diversity and load of pathogens. The mean minor allele frequency (MAF) did not vary between Asian and European sheep reflecting the absence of ascertainment bias. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major clusters with most of South Asian, South East Asian and South West Asian breeds clustering together while European and South American sheep breeds clustered together distinctly. Analysis of molecular variance revealed strong phylogeographic structure at loci located in immune pathway genes, unlike microsatellite and genome wide SNP markers. To understand the influence of natural selection processes, SNP loci located in chromosome 3 were utilized to reconstruct haplotypes, the diversity of which showed significant deviations from selective neutrality. Reduced Median network of reconstructed haplotypes showed balancing selection in force at these loci. Preliminary association of SNP genotypes with phenotypes recorded 42 days post challenge revealed significant differences (P,0.05) in fecal egg count, body weight change and packed cell volume at two, four and six SNP loci respectively. In conclusion, the present study reports strong phylogeographic structure and balancing selection operating at SNP loci located within immune pathway genes. Further, SNP loci identified in the study were found to have potential for future large scale association studies in naturally exposed sheep populations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45381807" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8b9d461ce72ce232cd82db363b63acbb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65907969,"asset_id":45381807,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65907969/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4776673" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MShamsuddin">Mohammed Shamsuddin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4776673" type="text/json">{"id":4776673,"first_name":"Mohammed","last_name":"Shamsuddin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MShamsuddin","display_name":"Mohammed Shamsuddin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MShamsuddin?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4776673/2030956/2393952/s65_mohammed.shamsuddin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45381807 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45381807"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45381807, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45381807", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45381807]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45381807").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45381807").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45381807"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84913" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sheep">Sheep</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="84913" type="text/json">{"id":84913,"name":"Sheep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sheep?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="86952" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haplotypes">Haplotypes</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="86952" type="text/json">{"id":86952,"name":"Haplotypes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haplotypes?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45381807]'), work: {"id":45381807,"title":"Candidate Gene Approach for Parasite Resistance in Sheep – Variation in Immune Pathway Genes and Association with Fecal Egg Count","created_at":"2021-03-05T13:13:17.228-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45381807/Candidate_Gene_Approach_for_Parasite_Resistance_in_Sheep_Variation_in_Immune_Pathway_Genes_and_Association_with_Fecal_Egg_Count?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_45381807","summary":"Sheep chromosome 3 (Oar3) has the largest number of QTLs reported to be significantly associated with resistance to gastro-intestinal nematodes. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within candidate genes located in sheep chromosome 3 as well as genes involved in major immune pathways. A total of 41 SNPs were identified across 38 candidate genes in a panel of unrelated sheep and genotyped in 713 animals belonging to 22 breeds across Asia, Europe and South America. The variations and evolution of immune pathway genes were assessed in sheep populations across these macro-environmental regions that significantly differ in the diversity and load of pathogens. The mean minor allele frequency (MAF) did not vary between Asian and European sheep reflecting the absence of ascertainment bias. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major clusters with most of South Asian, South East Asian and South West Asian breeds clustering together while European and South American sheep breeds clustered together distinctly. Analysis of molecular variance revealed strong phylogeographic structure at loci located in immune pathway genes, unlike microsatellite and genome wide SNP markers. To understand the influence of natural selection processes, SNP loci located in chromosome 3 were utilized to reconstruct haplotypes, the diversity of which showed significant deviations from selective neutrality. Reduced Median network of reconstructed haplotypes showed balancing selection in force at these loci. Preliminary association of SNP genotypes with phenotypes recorded 42 days post challenge revealed significant differences (P,0.05) in fecal egg count, body weight change and packed cell volume at two, four and six SNP loci respectively. In conclusion, the present study reports strong phylogeographic structure and balancing selection operating at SNP loci located within immune pathway genes. Further, SNP loci identified in the study were found to have potential for future large scale association studies in naturally exposed sheep populations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65907969,"asset_id":45381807,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4776673,"first_name":"Mohammed","last_name":"Shamsuddin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MShamsuddin","display_name":"Mohammed Shamsuddin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MShamsuddin?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4776673/2030956/2393952/s65_mohammed.shamsuddin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":84913,"name":"Sheep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sheep?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":86952,"name":"Haplotypes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haplotypes?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":105062,"name":"Disease resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_resistance?f_ri=324154"},{"id":131237,"name":"Cluster Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cluster_Analysis?f_ri=324154"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=324154"},{"id":469102,"name":"Feces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feces?f_ri=324154"},{"id":529173,"name":"Nematoda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nematoda?f_ri=324154"},{"id":742440,"name":"Parasitic Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitic_Diseases?f_ri=324154"},{"id":784076,"name":"Species Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Specificity?f_ri=324154"},{"id":880279,"name":"Bayes Theorem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bayes_Theorem-1?f_ri=324154"},{"id":3203621,"name":"Gene frequency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_frequency?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67560764" data-work_id="67560764" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67560764/Reconceiving_autoimmunity_An_overview">Reconceiving autoimmunity: An overview</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Three interconnected positions are advocated: (1) although serving as a useful model, the immune self does not exist as such; (2) instead of a self/nonself demarcation, the immune system &#39;sees&#39; itself, i.e., it does not ignore the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67560764" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Three interconnected positions are advocated: (1) although serving as a useful model, the immune self does not exist as such; (2) instead of a self/nonself demarcation, the immune system &#39;sees&#39; itself, i.e., it does not ignore the &#39;self&#39; or attack the &#39;other;&#39; but exhibits a spectrum of responses, which when viewed from outside the system appear as discrimination of &#39;self&#39; and &#39;nonself&#39; based on certain criteria of reactivity. When immune reactions are conceived in terms of normal physiology and open exchange with the environment, where borders dividing host and foreign are elusive and changing, host defense is only part of the immune system&#39;s functions, which actually comprise two basic tasks: protection, i.e., to preserve host integrity, and maintenance of organismic identity. And thus (3) if the spectrum of immunity is enlarged, differentiating low reactive &#39;autoimmune&#39; reactions from activated immune responses against the &#39;...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67560764" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0bc1075291bd10663d1d8a08ef164753" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78331518,"asset_id":67560764,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78331518/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8781609" href="https://bu.academia.edu/AlfredTauber">Alfred Tauber</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8781609" type="text/json">{"id":8781609,"first_name":"Alfred","last_name":"Tauber","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"AlfredTauber","display_name":"Alfred Tauber","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/AlfredTauber?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8781609/3222050/3791806/s65_alfred.tauber.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67560764 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67560764"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67560764, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67560764", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67560764]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67560764").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67560764").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67560764"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7043" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis">Symbiosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7043" type="text/json">{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12320" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmunity">Autoimmunity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12320" type="text/json">{"id":12320,"name":"Autoimmunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmunity?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67560764]'), work: {"id":67560764,"title":"Reconceiving autoimmunity: An overview","created_at":"2022-01-07T13:45:30.710-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67560764/Reconceiving_autoimmunity_An_overview?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_67560764","summary":"Three interconnected positions are advocated: (1) although serving as a useful model, the immune self does not exist as such; (2) instead of a self/nonself demarcation, the immune system \u0026#39;sees\u0026#39; itself, i.e., it does not ignore the \u0026#39;self\u0026#39; or attack the \u0026#39;other;\u0026#39; but exhibits a spectrum of responses, which when viewed from outside the system appear as discrimination of \u0026#39;self\u0026#39; and \u0026#39;nonself\u0026#39; based on certain criteria of reactivity. When immune reactions are conceived in terms of normal physiology and open exchange with the environment, where borders dividing host and foreign are elusive and changing, host defense is only part of the immune system\u0026#39;s functions, which actually comprise two basic tasks: protection, i.e., to preserve host integrity, and maintenance of organismic identity. And thus (3) if the spectrum of immunity is enlarged, differentiating low reactive \u0026#39;autoimmune\u0026#39; reactions from activated immune responses against the \u0026#39;...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78331518,"asset_id":67560764,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8781609,"first_name":"Alfred","last_name":"Tauber","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"AlfredTauber","display_name":"Alfred Tauber","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/AlfredTauber?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8781609/3222050/3791806/s65_alfred.tauber.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":12320,"name":"Autoimmunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmunity?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=324154"},{"id":26977,"name":"Theoretical biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_biology?f_ri=324154"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=324154"},{"id":71304,"name":"Autoimmune diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmune_diseases?f_ri=324154"},{"id":80414,"name":"Mathematical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Sciences?f_ri=324154"},{"id":84924,"name":"Immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunity?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23886409" data-work_id="23886409" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23886409/Increased_consumption_of_wheat_biofortified_with_selenium_does_not_modify_biomarkers_of_cancer_risk_oxidative_stress_or_immune_function_in_healthy_Australian_males">Increased consumption of wheat biofortified with selenium does not modify biomarkers of cancer risk, oxidative stress, or immune function in healthy Australian males</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23886409" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="69e85247932270650afd0d9658dcb375" rel="nofollow" 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$(".js-view-count-work_23886409").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23886409"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6697" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia">Australia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6697" type="text/json">{"id":6697,"name":"Australia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14292" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress">Oxidative Stress</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14292" type="text/json">{"id":14292,"name":"Oxidative Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14406" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health">Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14406" type="text/json">{"id":14406,"name":"Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23066" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_damage">DNA damage</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23066" type="text/json">{"id":23066,"name":"DNA damage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_damage?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23886409]'), work: {"id":23886409,"title":"Increased consumption of wheat biofortified with selenium does not modify biomarkers of cancer risk, oxidative stress, or immune function in healthy Australian males","created_at":"2016-03-31T15:53:49.735-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23886409/Increased_consumption_of_wheat_biofortified_with_selenium_does_not_modify_biomarkers_of_cancer_risk_oxidative_stress_or_immune_function_in_healthy_Australian_males?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_23886409","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44275640,"asset_id":23886409,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32879274,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Fenech","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelFenech","display_name":"Michael Fenech","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelFenech?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6697,"name":"Australia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":14292,"name":"Oxidative Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":14406,"name":"Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":23066,"name":"DNA damage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_damage?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=324154"},{"id":52055,"name":"Lipids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipids?f_ri=324154"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=324154"},{"id":95519,"name":"Selenium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selenium?f_ri=324154"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=324154"},{"id":202574,"name":"Feeding Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feeding_Behavior?f_ri=324154"},{"id":279382,"name":"Comet Assay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comet_Assay?f_ri=324154"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=324154"},{"id":295452,"name":"C reactive protein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/C_reactive_protein?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=324154"},{"id":469018,"name":"Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasms?f_ri=324154"},{"id":568482,"name":"Biological markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_markers?f_ri=324154"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=324154"},{"id":675427,"name":"Immune function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_function?f_ri=324154"},{"id":868560,"name":"Lymphocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymphocytes?f_ri=324154"},{"id":991443,"name":"Triticum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Triticum?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1212936,"name":"Cancer Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Risk?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13459601 coauthored" data-work_id="13459601" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13459601/Increase_in_Immune_Activation_Vascular_Endothelial_Growth_Factor_and_Erythropoietin_after_an_Ultramarathon_Run_at_Moderate_Altitude">Increase in Immune Activation, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Erythropoietin after an Ultramarathon Run at Moderate Altitude</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present study was performed to investigate the effects of exhaustive long lasting exercise at moderate altitude on the time course of serum immunomodulatory peptides, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and serum erythropoietin... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13459601" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present study was performed to investigate the effects of exhaustive long lasting exercise at moderate altitude on the time course of serum immunomodulatory peptides, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and serum erythropoietin (EPO). Thirteen well trained runners participated at the Swiss Alpine Marathon of Davos (distance 67 km, altitude difference 2300 m). Interleukin-6 was significantly elevated in the first 2h after the run. In contrast, tumor necrosis factor-a and both soluble tumor necrosis factor-a receptors I and II were increased after exercise termination and showed sustained serum concentrations the following days. N eopterin, a serum marker for the activation of the cellular immune system, was increased until day two after the run. Immediately after the run VEGF was significantly elevated and further increased 2.4-fold until day five post exercise (p = 0.005). EPO was also increased after exercise but reached its maximum 2 h after the run (2-fold increase; p = 0.004) and decreased thereafter. The main findings of our study are that prolonged strenuous exercise at moderate altitude induced a significant long lasting increase in serum VEGF and EPO which was accompanied by an activation of the immune system.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13459601" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="06a32ac33ea0b42d1e49a89f2c64bfd9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45324850,"asset_id":13459601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45324850/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32688905" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DietmarFuchs">Dietmar Fuchs</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32688905" type="text/json">{"id":32688905,"first_name":"Dietmar","last_name":"Fuchs","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DietmarFuchs","display_name":"Dietmar Fuchs","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DietmarFuchs?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13459601">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13459601"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uni-luebeck.academia.edu/WolfgangJelkmann">Wolfgang Jelkmann</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13459601'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13459601').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13459601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13459601"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13459601; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13459601]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13459601").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13459601").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13459601"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythropoietin">Erythropoietin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57802" type="text/json">{"id":57802,"name":"Erythropoietin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythropoietin?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="201876" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunobiology">Immunobiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="201876" type="text/json">{"id":201876,"name":"Immunobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunobiology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="324154" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system">Immune system</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="324154" type="text/json">{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13459601]'), work: {"id":13459601,"title":"Increase in Immune Activation, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Erythropoietin after an Ultramarathon Run at Moderate Altitude","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:10:12.935-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13459601/Increase_in_Immune_Activation_Vascular_Endothelial_Growth_Factor_and_Erythropoietin_after_an_Ultramarathon_Run_at_Moderate_Altitude?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_13459601","summary":"The present study was performed to investigate the effects of exhaustive long lasting exercise at moderate altitude on the time course of serum immunomodulatory peptides, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and serum erythropoietin (EPO). Thirteen well trained runners participated at the Swiss Alpine Marathon of Davos (distance 67 km, altitude difference 2300 m). Interleukin-6 was significantly elevated in the first 2h after the run. In contrast, tumor necrosis factor-a and both soluble tumor necrosis factor-a receptors I and II were increased after exercise termination and showed sustained serum concentrations the following days. N eopterin, a serum marker for the activation of the cellular immune system, was increased until day two after the run. Immediately after the run VEGF was significantly elevated and further increased 2.4-fold until day five post exercise (p = 0.005). EPO was also increased after exercise but reached its maximum 2 h after the run (2-fold increase; p = 0.004) and decreased thereafter. The main findings of our study are that prolonged strenuous exercise at moderate altitude induced a significant long lasting increase in serum VEGF and EPO which was accompanied by an activation of the immune system.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45324850,"asset_id":13459601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32688905,"first_name":"Dietmar","last_name":"Fuchs","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DietmarFuchs","display_name":"Dietmar Fuchs","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DietmarFuchs?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":46796984,"first_name":"Wolfgang","last_name":"Jelkmann","domain_name":"uni-luebeck","page_name":"WolfgangJelkmann","display_name":"Wolfgang Jelkmann","profile_url":"https://uni-luebeck.academia.edu/WolfgangJelkmann?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46796984/12404440/13806744/s65_wolfgang.jelkmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":57802,"name":"Erythropoietin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythropoietin?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":201876,"name":"Immunobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunobiology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":375074,"name":"Cellular Immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellular_Immunity?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1029004,"name":"Tumor Necrosis Factor–α (TNF)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_Necrosis_Factor-_TNF_?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1315979,"name":"Time Course","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Course?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1796877,"name":"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vascular_Endothelial_Growth_Factor?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13459652" data-work_id="13459652" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13459652/Muscle_Trauma_and_Immune_Activation_after_a_Downhill_Marathon_Tyrolean_Speed_Marathon_">Muscle Trauma and Immune Activation after a Downhill Marathon (Tyrolean Speed Marathon)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Prolonged physical exercise is associated with multiple changes in the immune status indicating an acute phase response and an activation of the immune system. Eccentric muscle activation (e.g. downhill running) induces micro-trauma of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13459652" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Prolonged physical exercise is associated with multiple changes in the immune status indicating an acute phase response and an activation of the immune system. Eccentric muscle activation (e.g. downhill running) induces micro-trauma of skeletal muscles thus inducing an inflammatory response. At present there are no data to which extent the immune system is activated after a downhill marathon run and if there are any correlations between immune activation and markers for muscle damage or functional impairment of leg muscles. As model for severe eccentric exercise we selected the Tyrolean Speed Marathon (42 km downhill run, 795 m vertical difference). 13 volunteers (12 male, 1 female; mean running time 224 min [range 193 -266 min.]) finished the run. Blood from antecubital veins was collected 3-4 days before (T1), 3-4 hrs before (T2) and immediately after the marathon (T3) as well as on the morning after the run (T4). We measured serum neopterin concentrations, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (Mb), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and troponin T (cTnT). Moreover, isokinetic muscle tests were performed. Following significant changes were found (before vs. after the run): increase in neopterin, CRP, total leukocyte count, CK, Mb, cTnI, cTnT, whereas isokinetic dynamometry showed a reduction in peak hamstring torque of both thighs after the marathon. There were no significant correlations (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient) between the observed changes in neopterin and CRP, CK, Mb, cTnT, cTnI or between neopterin concentrations and parameters of isokinetic muscle tests. We could demonstrate that a 42 km downhill marathon is associated a) with an activation of the cellular immune system, as evidenced by the increase in serum-neopterin, b) pronounced micro-skeletal muscle damage with high serum creatine kinase and myoglobin, and c) eccentric hamstring fatigue. The absolute changes in neopterin were moderate and similar to other types of exercise (flat course and bicycle marathon, mountain hiking).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13459652" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6cae795597d9e2a4d7954fc86196b0f5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45324818,"asset_id":13459652,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45324818/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32688905" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DietmarFuchs">Dietmar Fuchs</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32688905" type="text/json">{"id":32688905,"first_name":"Dietmar","last_name":"Fuchs","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DietmarFuchs","display_name":"Dietmar Fuchs","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DietmarFuchs?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13459652 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13459652"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13459652, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13459652", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13459652 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13459652; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13459652"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13459652 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13459652"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13459652; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13459652]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13459652").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13459652").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13459652"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="151406" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_impairment">Functional impairment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="151406" type="text/json">{"id":151406,"name":"Functional impairment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_impairment?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="204436" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creatine_Kinase">Creatine Kinase</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="204436" type="text/json">{"id":204436,"name":"Creatine Kinase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creatine_Kinase?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="295452" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/C_reactive_protein">C reactive protein</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="295452" type="text/json">{"id":295452,"name":"C reactive protein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/C_reactive_protein?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="324154" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system">Immune system</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="324154" type="text/json">{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13459652]'), work: {"id":13459652,"title":"Muscle Trauma and Immune Activation after a Downhill Marathon (Tyrolean Speed Marathon)","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:10:18.484-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13459652/Muscle_Trauma_and_Immune_Activation_after_a_Downhill_Marathon_Tyrolean_Speed_Marathon_?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_13459652","summary":"Prolonged physical exercise is associated with multiple changes in the immune status indicating an acute phase response and an activation of the immune system. Eccentric muscle activation (e.g. downhill running) induces micro-trauma of skeletal muscles thus inducing an inflammatory response. At present there are no data to which extent the immune system is activated after a downhill marathon run and if there are any correlations between immune activation and markers for muscle damage or functional impairment of leg muscles. As model for severe eccentric exercise we selected the Tyrolean Speed Marathon (42 km downhill run, 795 m vertical difference). 13 volunteers (12 male, 1 female; mean running time 224 min [range 193 -266 min.]) finished the run. Blood from antecubital veins was collected 3-4 days before (T1), 3-4 hrs before (T2) and immediately after the marathon (T3) as well as on the morning after the run (T4). We measured serum neopterin concentrations, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (Mb), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and troponin T (cTnT). Moreover, isokinetic muscle tests were performed. Following significant changes were found (before vs. after the run): increase in neopterin, CRP, total leukocyte count, CK, Mb, cTnI, cTnT, whereas isokinetic dynamometry showed a reduction in peak hamstring torque of both thighs after the marathon. There were no significant correlations (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient) between the observed changes in neopterin and CRP, CK, Mb, cTnT, cTnI or between neopterin concentrations and parameters of isokinetic muscle tests. We could demonstrate that a 42 km downhill marathon is associated a) with an activation of the cellular immune system, as evidenced by the increase in serum-neopterin, b) pronounced micro-skeletal muscle damage with high serum creatine kinase and myoglobin, and c) eccentric hamstring fatigue. The absolute changes in neopterin were moderate and similar to other types of exercise (flat course and bicycle marathon, mountain hiking).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45324818,"asset_id":13459652,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32688905,"first_name":"Dietmar","last_name":"Fuchs","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DietmarFuchs","display_name":"Dietmar Fuchs","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DietmarFuchs?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":151406,"name":"Functional impairment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_impairment?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":204436,"name":"Creatine Kinase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creatine_Kinase?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":295452,"name":"C reactive protein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/C_reactive_protein?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":357849,"name":"Skeletal Muscle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_Muscle?f_ri=324154"},{"id":375074,"name":"Cellular Immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellular_Immunity?f_ri=324154"},{"id":638048,"name":"Physical Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Exercise?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1006518,"name":"Muscle Damage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muscle_Damage?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1035950,"name":"Acute Phase Response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acute_Phase_Response?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1300379,"name":"Muscle Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muscle_Activity?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1327797,"name":"Rank Correlation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rank_Correlation?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1760678,"name":"Troponin T","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Troponin_T?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2454817,"name":"Inflammatory response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammatory_response?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48686196" data-work_id="48686196" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48686196/Immunotoxicity_of_Medical_Devices">Immunotoxicity of Medical Devices</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Determination of the ability of a medical device to interact with the immune system currently involves assessment of the immunogenic potential and biocompatibility of the device or an extract of the device. However, implants are often in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48686196" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Determination of the ability of a medical device to interact with the immune system currently involves assessment of the immunogenic potential and biocompatibility of the device or an extract of the device. However, implants are often in the body for extended periods of time and/or are placed by a surgical procedure that in and of itself will generate an acute inflammatory response. This symposium discussed studies that have been performed to evaluate the immunogenicity of various devices consisting of several different compositions (i.e., silicone, metals, and latex) in contact with different anatomical sites, the ability of a device to modulate an inflammatory response generated by a surgical procedure or trauma, and the response of the body to a material left in place for extended periods of time. This symposium brought together scientists from many different disciplines to begin to identify and fill in the gaps in this area, c 1997 society of Toxicology.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48686196" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="52e06ba109cc97c2f39b3a2529d9c285" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67170583,"asset_id":48686196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67170583/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51455859" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaalKlykken">Paal Klykken</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51455859" type="text/json">{"id":51455859,"first_name":"Paal","last_name":"Klykken","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaalKlykken","display_name":"Paal Klykken","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaalKlykken?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48686196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48686196"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48686196, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48686196", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48686196]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48686196").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48686196").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48686196"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="153283" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Device">Medical Device</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="153283" type="text/json">{"id":153283,"name":"Medical Device","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Device?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="324154" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system">Immune system</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="324154" type="text/json">{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2454817" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammatory_response">Inflammatory response</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2454817" type="text/json">{"id":2454817,"name":"Inflammatory response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammatory_response?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3789884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences">Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3789884" type="text/json">{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48686196]'), work: {"id":48686196,"title":"Immunotoxicity of Medical Devices","created_at":"2021-05-05T04:31:07.848-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48686196/Immunotoxicity_of_Medical_Devices?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_48686196","summary":"Determination of the ability of a medical device to interact with the immune system currently involves assessment of the immunogenic potential and biocompatibility of the device or an extract of the device. However, implants are often in the body for extended periods of time and/or are placed by a surgical procedure that in and of itself will generate an acute inflammatory response. This symposium discussed studies that have been performed to evaluate the immunogenicity of various devices consisting of several different compositions (i.e., silicone, metals, and latex) in contact with different anatomical sites, the ability of a device to modulate an inflammatory response generated by a surgical procedure or trauma, and the response of the body to a material left in place for extended periods of time. This symposium brought together scientists from many different disciplines to begin to identify and fill in the gaps in this area, c 1997 society of Toxicology.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67170583,"asset_id":48686196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51455859,"first_name":"Paal","last_name":"Klykken","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaalKlykken","display_name":"Paal Klykken","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaalKlykken?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":153283,"name":"Medical Device","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Device?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":2454817,"name":"Inflammatory response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammatory_response?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13126811" data-work_id="13126811" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13126811/Canadian_Academy_of_Sport_and_Exercise_Medicine_Position_Statement">Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine Position Statement</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13126811" 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class="js-percentile-work_13126811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13126811; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13126811"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13126811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13126811"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13126811; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13126811]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13126811").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13126811").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13126811"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">28</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="646" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_Medicine">Sports Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="646" type="text/json">{"id":646,"name":"Sports Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_Medicine?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1649" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ergonomics">Ergonomics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1649" type="text/json">{"id":1649,"name":"Ergonomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ergonomics?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3645" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evidence_Based_Medicine">Evidence Based Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3645" type="text/json">{"id":3645,"name":"Evidence Based Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evidence_Based_Medicine?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3762" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Factors">Human Factors</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3762" type="text/json">{"id":3762,"name":"Human Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Factors?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13126811]'), work: {"id":13126811,"title":"Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine Position Statement","created_at":"2015-06-20T13:13:04.702-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13126811/Canadian_Academy_of_Sport_and_Exercise_Medicine_Position_Statement?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_13126811","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45649929,"asset_id":13126811,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32383406,"first_name":"Elena","last_name":"Diaconescu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EDiaconescu","display_name":"Elena Diaconescu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EDiaconescu?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":646,"name":"Sports Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_Medicine?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":1649,"name":"Ergonomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ergonomics?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":3645,"name":"Evidence Based Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evidence_Based_Medicine?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":3762,"name":"Human Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Factors?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":10666,"name":"Bullying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bullying?f_ri=324154"},{"id":11382,"name":"Soccer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soccer?f_ri=324154"},{"id":12159,"name":"Injury Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Injury_Prevention?f_ri=324154"},{"id":45082,"name":"Sexual Harassment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Harassment?f_ri=324154"},{"id":48627,"name":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anterior_Cruciate_Ligament?f_ri=324154"},{"id":49161,"name":"Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety?f_ri=324154"},{"id":50456,"name":"Sports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports?f_ri=324154"},{"id":54114,"name":"Canada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canada?f_ri=324154"},{"id":63997,"name":"Osteoporosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteoporosis?f_ri=324154"},{"id":66171,"name":"Bicycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bicycling?f_ri=324154"},{"id":133324,"name":"Sleep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep?f_ri=324154"},{"id":135185,"name":"Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise?f_ri=324154"},{"id":158597,"name":"Iron","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron?f_ri=324154"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=324154"},{"id":219568,"name":"Athletes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Athletes?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":353165,"name":"Body water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_water?f_ri=324154"},{"id":380823,"name":"Altitude Sickness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altitude_Sickness?f_ri=324154"},{"id":453528,"name":"Acclimatization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acclimatization?f_ri=324154"},{"id":488611,"name":"Occupational Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Safety?f_ri=324154"},{"id":577239,"name":"Altitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altitude?f_ri=324154"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=324154"},{"id":691413,"name":"Athletic performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Athletic_performance?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1902100,"name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanical_Phenomena?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80835008" data-work_id="80835008" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80835008/Leucogram_of_meat_quails_inoculated_in_ovo_with_conjugated_linoleic_acid_and_lauric_acid">Leucogram of meat quails inoculated in ovo with conjugated linoleic acid and lauric acid</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective. Analyze the leukogram of meat-type quail inoculated in ovo with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and lauric acid (LA) while exposed to a sanitary challenge. Material and methods. The drinking water was placed seven days before... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80835008" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective. Analyze the leukogram of meat-type quail inoculated in ovo with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and lauric acid (LA) while exposed to a sanitary challenge. Material and methods. The drinking water was placed seven days before the arrival of the quails and it was only refilled throughout the experiment. The treatments were applied on 480 fertile eggs in the 7th day of incubation: Negative control: not perforated; positive control: injected with the diluent (corn oil; CO); CLA120: 120 mg CLA /CO; CLA240: 240 mg CLA /CO; LA60: 60 mg LA /CO and LA90: 90 mg LA /CO. A completely randomized design with four replications was used. Total leukocytes and the differential leukocyte count were evaluated at 21 and 36 days of age. Results. No statistically effects (p>0.05) of any inoculations were observed in the parameters evaluated. We observed an average of 10927.1±2933.6 cell/μl, 61.6 ± 7.31%, 32.0 ± 7.13% and 0.57 ± 0.21 for leukocyte count, lymphocyte, heterophile and heterophile/lymphocyte ratio, respectively, at 21 days. At 36 days, we observed an overall average of 13291.7 ± 3559.0 cell/μl, 65.0 ± 9.29%, 29.3 ± 9.93% and 0.50 ± 0.24, for those same variables, respectively. Conclusions. The in ovo inoculation levels of CLA and LA did not affect the leucogram of meat-type quails raised in sanitary challenge.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80835008" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="60532ec64066b213b32af27f80365593" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87083175,"asset_id":80835008,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87083175/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="364051" href="https://unicordoba.academia.edu/revmvz">Revista MVZ Córdoba</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="364051" type="text/json">{"id":364051,"first_name":"Revista","last_name":"MVZ Córdoba","domain_name":"unicordoba","page_name":"revmvz","display_name":"Revista MVZ Córdoba","profile_url":"https://unicordoba.academia.edu/revmvz?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/364051/111377/40255470/s65_revista.mvz_c_rdoba.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80835008 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80835008"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80835008, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80835008", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_80835008 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80835008; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_80835008"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_80835008 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80835008"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80835008; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80835008]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80835008").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80835008").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80835008"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1907" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition">Nutrition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1907" type="text/json">{"id":1907,"name":"Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="324154" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system">Immune system</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="324154" type="text/json">{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2936430" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/White_Blood_Cells">White Blood Cells</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2936430" type="text/json">{"id":2936430,"name":"White Blood Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/White_Blood_Cells?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80835008]'), work: {"id":80835008,"title":"Leucogram of meat quails inoculated in ovo with conjugated linoleic acid and lauric acid","created_at":"2022-06-06T07:28:27.672-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80835008/Leucogram_of_meat_quails_inoculated_in_ovo_with_conjugated_linoleic_acid_and_lauric_acid?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_80835008","summary":"Objective. Analyze the leukogram of meat-type quail inoculated in ovo with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and lauric acid (LA) while exposed to a sanitary challenge. Material and methods. The drinking water was placed seven days before the arrival of the quails and it was only refilled throughout the experiment. The treatments were applied on 480 fertile eggs in the 7th day of incubation: Negative control: not perforated; positive control: injected with the diluent (corn oil; CO); CLA120: 120 mg CLA /CO; CLA240: 240 mg CLA /CO; LA60: 60 mg LA /CO and LA90: 90 mg LA /CO. A completely randomized design with four replications was used. Total leukocytes and the differential leukocyte count were evaluated at 21 and 36 days of age. Results. No statistically effects (p\u003e0.05) of any inoculations were observed in the parameters evaluated. We observed an average of 10927.1±2933.6 cell/μl, 61.6 ± 7.31%, 32.0 ± 7.13% and 0.57 ± 0.21 for leukocyte count, lymphocyte, heterophile and heterophile/lymphocyte ratio, respectively, at 21 days. At 36 days, we observed an overall average of 13291.7 ± 3559.0 cell/μl, 65.0 ± 9.29%, 29.3 ± 9.93% and 0.50 ± 0.24, for those same variables, respectively. Conclusions. The in ovo inoculation levels of CLA and LA did not affect the leucogram of meat-type quails raised in sanitary challenge.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87083175,"asset_id":80835008,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":364051,"first_name":"Revista","last_name":"MVZ Córdoba","domain_name":"unicordoba","page_name":"revmvz","display_name":"Revista MVZ Córdoba","profile_url":"https://unicordoba.academia.edu/revmvz?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/364051/111377/40255470/s65_revista.mvz_c_rdoba.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1907,"name":"Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":2936430,"name":"White Blood Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/White_Blood_Cells?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53738933" data-work_id="53738933" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53738933/IL_12_IL_12R_system_in_multiple_sclerosis">IL-12/IL-12R system in multiple sclerosis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">IL-12 / IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) system orchestrates the Th1 pathway of the immune system by maintaining one of the major bridges between innate and adaptive immune responses. Here, we studied both sides of this system in patients with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53738933" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">IL-12 / IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) system orchestrates the Th1 pathway of the immune system by maintaining one of the major bridges between innate and adaptive immune responses. Here, we studied both sides of this system in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in controls. MS patients displayed elevated IL-12Rb1 and IL-12Rb2 expression on PHA-activated T cells compared to healthy subjects. Higher percentages of IL-12Rb1 and IL-12Rb2 positive T cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared to blood were observed both in MS and other neurological diseases (OND). In contrast, numbers of IL-12 secreting blood mononuclear cells (MNC) were similar in MS and controls. The functional importance of high IL-12Rb2 in MS was underlined by the finding that IL-12 stimulated IFN-g production and proliferation of PHA-activated T cells correlated with levels of IL-12Rb2 expression. Our data indicates a dysregulation of the IL-12 / IL-12R system in MS. It is suggested that even in the absence of increased IL-12 levels, the net effect of IL-12 might be augmented in MS by elevated expression of its receptor.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53738933" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="72ad5b349d6671fe0afaed5296a9e4a5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70440692,"asset_id":53738933,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70440692/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3935079" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MathildeKouwenhoven">Mathilde Kouwenhoven</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3935079" type="text/json">{"id":3935079,"first_name":"Mathilde","last_name":"Kouwenhoven","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MathildeKouwenhoven","display_name":"Mathilde Kouwenhoven","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MathildeKouwenhoven?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53738933 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53738933"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53738933, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53738933", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_53738933 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53738933; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_53738933"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_53738933 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53738933"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53738933; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53738933]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53738933").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53738933").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53738933"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1290" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology">Immunology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1290" type="text/json">{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3097" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_sclerosis">Multiple sclerosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3097" type="text/json">{"id":3097,"name":"Multiple sclerosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_sclerosis?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32913" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimmunology">Neuroimmunology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32913" type="text/json">{"id":32913,"name":"Neuroimmunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimmunology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60971" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebrospinal_Fluid">Cerebrospinal Fluid</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="60971" type="text/json">{"id":60971,"name":"Cerebrospinal Fluid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebrospinal_Fluid?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53738933]'), work: {"id":53738933,"title":"IL-12/IL-12R system in multiple sclerosis","created_at":"2021-09-28T08:59:11.637-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53738933/IL_12_IL_12R_system_in_multiple_sclerosis?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_53738933","summary":"IL-12 / IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) system orchestrates the Th1 pathway of the immune system by maintaining one of the major bridges between innate and adaptive immune responses. Here, we studied both sides of this system in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in controls. MS patients displayed elevated IL-12Rb1 and IL-12Rb2 expression on PHA-activated T cells compared to healthy subjects. Higher percentages of IL-12Rb1 and IL-12Rb2 positive T cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared to blood were observed both in MS and other neurological diseases (OND). In contrast, numbers of IL-12 secreting blood mononuclear cells (MNC) were similar in MS and controls. The functional importance of high IL-12Rb2 in MS was underlined by the finding that IL-12 stimulated IFN-g production and proliferation of PHA-activated T cells correlated with levels of IL-12Rb2 expression. Our data indicates a dysregulation of the IL-12 / IL-12R system in MS. It is suggested that even in the absence of increased IL-12 levels, the net effect of IL-12 might be augmented in MS by elevated expression of its receptor.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70440692,"asset_id":53738933,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3935079,"first_name":"Mathilde","last_name":"Kouwenhoven","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MathildeKouwenhoven","display_name":"Mathilde Kouwenhoven","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MathildeKouwenhoven?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":3097,"name":"Multiple sclerosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_sclerosis?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":32913,"name":"Neuroimmunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimmunology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":60971,"name":"Cerebrospinal Fluid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebrospinal_Fluid?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":88770,"name":"Adaptive Immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptive_Immunity?f_ri=324154"},{"id":273338,"name":"IL","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IL?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1142759,"name":"Healthy Subjects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthy_Subjects?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32055531" data-work_id="32055531" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32055531/A_Twin_and_Family_Study_of_the_Association_Between_Immune_System_Dysfunction_and_Dyslexia_Using_Blood_Serum_Immunoassay_and_Survey_Data">A Twin and Family Study of the Association Between Immune System Dysfunction and Dyslexia Using Blood Serum Immunoassay and Survey Data</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We conducted a study of the association between developmental reading disability (DRD) and immune disorders (ID) using both survey and immunoassay data in two separate samples of families. One sample was made up of twins and their parents... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32055531" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We conducted a study of the association between developmental reading disability (DRD) and immune disorders (ID) using both survey and immunoassay data in two separate samples of families. One sample was made up of twins and their parents and was ascertained through a population-based sampling scheme. The other sample was a set of extended pedigrees selected for apparent autosomal dominant transmission of DRD. We failed to find an association between DRD and ID in either sample, regardless of the method used to assess immune system function. Even though our twin sample provided evidence that both DRD and immune conditions were significantly heritable, there was no evidence for a genetic correlation between ID and DRD nor was there any clear indication that a special subgroup of individuals may be comorbid for these conditions because of genetic reasons. How these negative findings can be reconciled with the developmental hypothesis of Geschwind, Behan, Galaburda, and colleagues, and how they may relate to the gene locus influencing DRD that has been recently located in the HLA region of the short arm of chromosome 6 is discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32055531" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="427dc58346917e894ce64e81f567d981" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52316070,"asset_id":32055531,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52316070/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="61915643" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RonaldHarbeck">Ronald Harbeck</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="61915643" type="text/json">{"id":61915643,"first_name":"Ronald","last_name":"Harbeck","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RonaldHarbeck","display_name":"Ronald Harbeck","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RonaldHarbeck?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32055531 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32055531"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32055531, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32055531", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32055531 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32055531; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32055531"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32055531 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32055531"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32055531; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32055531]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32055531").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32055531").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32055531"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32055531]'), work: {"id":32055531,"title":"A Twin and Family Study of the Association Between Immune System Dysfunction and Dyslexia Using Blood Serum Immunoassay and Survey Data","created_at":"2017-03-26T14:05:24.529-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32055531/A_Twin_and_Family_Study_of_the_Association_Between_Immune_System_Dysfunction_and_Dyslexia_Using_Blood_Serum_Immunoassay_and_Survey_Data?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_32055531","summary":"We conducted a study of the association between developmental reading disability (DRD) and immune disorders (ID) using both survey and immunoassay data in two separate samples of families. One sample was made up of twins and their parents and was ascertained through a population-based sampling scheme. The other sample was a set of extended pedigrees selected for apparent autosomal dominant transmission of DRD. We failed to find an association between DRD and ID in either sample, regardless of the method used to assess immune system function. Even though our twin sample provided evidence that both DRD and immune conditions were significantly heritable, there was no evidence for a genetic correlation between ID and DRD nor was there any clear indication that a special subgroup of individuals may be comorbid for these conditions because of genetic reasons. How these negative findings can be reconciled with the developmental hypothesis of Geschwind, Behan, Galaburda, and colleagues, and how they may relate to the gene locus influencing DRD that has been recently located in the HLA region of the short arm of chromosome 6 is discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52316070,"asset_id":32055531,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":61915643,"first_name":"Ronald","last_name":"Harbeck","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RonaldHarbeck","display_name":"Ronald Harbeck","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RonaldHarbeck?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":25052,"name":"Dyslexia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dyslexia?f_ri=324154"},{"id":41819,"name":"Brain and Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_and_Cognition?f_ri=324154"},{"id":49487,"name":"Reading Disability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading_Disability?f_ri=324154"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=324154"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=324154"},{"id":71304,"name":"Autoimmune diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmune_diseases?f_ri=324154"},{"id":188349,"name":"Pedigree","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pedigree?f_ri=324154"},{"id":213897,"name":"Phenotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenotype?f_ri=324154"},{"id":224794,"name":"Genetic linkage analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_linkage_analysis?f_ri=324154"},{"id":284862,"name":"Colorado","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colorado?f_ri=324154"},{"id":313195,"name":"Survey data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survey_data?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1012503,"name":"Family Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Study?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1015202,"name":"Hypersensitivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypersensitivity?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1822192,"name":"Genetic Correlation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Correlation?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5073669" data-work_id="5073669" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5073669/Host_Pathogen_Systems_Biology">Host–Pathogen Systems Biology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Unlike traditional biological research that focuses on a small set of components, systems biology studies the complex interactions among a large number of genes, proteins, and other elements of biological networks and systems.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5073669" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Unlike traditional biological research that focuses on a small set of components, systems biology studies the complex interactions among a large number of genes, proteins, and other elements of biological networks and systems. Host-pathogen systems biology examines the interactions between the components of two distinct organisms: a microbial or viral pathogen and its animal host. With the availability of complete genomic sequences of a variety of hosts and pathogens, together with breakthroughs in proteomics, metabolomics, and other experimental areas, the investigation of host-pathogen systems on a multitude of levels of detail has come within reach. This chapter introduces methods and approaches for the analysis of host-pathogen systems. We will particularly emphasize the role of biochemical networks for the study of complex relationships across species boundaries. Although the research area of host-pathogen systems biology spans multiple spatial and temporal scales, we will focus on the molecular and cellular aspects of pathogen-host interactions. We will cover the construction of biochemical networks, the identification of functional response sub-networks, and their comparative network analysis. These methods find application in the identification of host markers and drug targets for further drug development and therapeutic interventions. We will also provide a brief review of other modeling techniques and applications within host-pathogen systems biology, including rule-based modeling of signal transduction pathways, immune system models, and physiological top-down approaches.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5073669" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a77c633ff7b7f300dfa8e67c11685257" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49460726,"asset_id":5073669,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49460726/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6785649" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndersonBorgesFideles">Anderson Borges Fideles</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6785649" type="text/json">{"id":6785649,"first_name":"Anderson","last_name":"Borges Fideles","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndersonBorgesFideles","display_name":"Anderson Borges Fideles","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndersonBorgesFideles?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5073669 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5073669"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5073669, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5073669", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5073669 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5073669; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5073669"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5073669 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5073669"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5073669; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5073669]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5073669").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5073669").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5073669"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5400" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Biology">Systems Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5400" type="text/json">{"id":5400,"name":"Systems Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Biology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9191" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Analysis">Network Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9191" type="text/json">{"id":9191,"name":"Network Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Analysis?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10640" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Discovery">Drug Discovery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10640" type="text/json">{"id":10640,"name":"Drug Discovery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Discovery?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13841" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_development">Drug development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13841" type="text/json">{"id":13841,"name":"Drug development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_development?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5073669]'), work: {"id":5073669,"title":"Host–Pathogen Systems Biology","created_at":"2013-11-12T01:29:27.306-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5073669/Host_Pathogen_Systems_Biology?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_5073669","summary":"Unlike traditional biological research that focuses on a small set of components, systems biology studies the complex interactions among a large number of genes, proteins, and other elements of biological networks and systems. Host-pathogen systems biology examines the interactions between the components of two distinct organisms: a microbial or viral pathogen and its animal host. With the availability of complete genomic sequences of a variety of hosts and pathogens, together with breakthroughs in proteomics, metabolomics, and other experimental areas, the investigation of host-pathogen systems on a multitude of levels of detail has come within reach. This chapter introduces methods and approaches for the analysis of host-pathogen systems. We will particularly emphasize the role of biochemical networks for the study of complex relationships across species boundaries. Although the research area of host-pathogen systems biology spans multiple spatial and temporal scales, we will focus on the molecular and cellular aspects of pathogen-host interactions. We will cover the construction of biochemical networks, the identification of functional response sub-networks, and their comparative network analysis. These methods find application in the identification of host markers and drug targets for further drug development and therapeutic interventions. We will also provide a brief review of other modeling techniques and applications within host-pathogen systems biology, including rule-based modeling of signal transduction pathways, immune system models, and physiological top-down approaches.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49460726,"asset_id":5073669,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6785649,"first_name":"Anderson","last_name":"Borges Fideles","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndersonBorgesFideles","display_name":"Anderson Borges Fideles","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndersonBorgesFideles?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5400,"name":"Systems Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Biology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":9191,"name":"Network Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Analysis?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":10640,"name":"Drug Discovery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Discovery?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":13841,"name":"Drug development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_development?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":19744,"name":"System Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/System_Biology?f_ri=324154"},{"id":24706,"name":"Innate immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innate_immunity?f_ri=324154"},{"id":30718,"name":"Level Of Detail (LOD)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Level_Of_Detail_LOD_?f_ri=324154"},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=324154"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=324154"},{"id":109739,"name":"Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infection?f_ri=324154"},{"id":120789,"name":"Drug Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design?f_ri=324154"},{"id":163821,"name":"Signal Transduction Pathway Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction_Pathway_Models?f_ri=324154"},{"id":247479,"name":"Biological Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Network?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":904693,"name":"Top Down","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Top_Down?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1007684,"name":"Virus diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virus_diseases?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1015099,"name":"Drug Targeting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Targeting?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1216932,"name":"Rule Based","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rule_Based?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2367526,"name":"Functional Response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Response?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12479130" data-work_id="12479130" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12479130/Gemcitabine_exerts_a_selective_effect_on_the_humoral_immune_response_implications_for_combination_chemo_immunotherapy">Gemcitabine exerts a selective effect on the humoral immune response: implications for combination chemo-immunotherapy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Most cytotoxic drugs have gross effects on the immune system, such as neutropenia and lymphopenia. However, their effects on tumor-specific immune responses are unknown. Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue that is frequently used to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12479130" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Most cytotoxic drugs have gross effects on the immune system, such as neutropenia and lymphopenia. However, their effects on tumor-specific immune responses are unknown. Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue that is frequently used to treat non-small cell lung cancer. It is also active in other malignancies, either alone or in combination with cisplatin. Here, we investigate its effects on antigen-specific antitumor immunity using a murine tumor cell line transfected to express influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA). CD4(+), CD8(+), and B220(+) lymphocyte numbers all decreased during chemotherapy (120 microg/g, i.p., every third day for five doses), but B cells were selectively depleted. Gemcitabine induced a profound suppression of the IgG antibody response to HA, and this was unrelated to tumor size. In contrast, in vitro T-lymphocyte recall responses to the class I- and class II-restricted dominant peptide epitopes of HA were enhanced in tumor-bearing, gemcitabine-treated mice. We fou...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12479130" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="38357fc6dab2549375a02781ed5653b0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46153361,"asset_id":12479130,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46153361/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31325201" href="https://uwa.academia.edu/AnnaNowak">Anna Nowak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31325201" type="text/json">{"id":31325201,"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Nowak","domain_name":"uwa","page_name":"AnnaNowak","display_name":"Anna Nowak","profile_url":"https://uwa.academia.edu/AnnaNowak?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31325201/13309660/14562386/s65_anna.nowak.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12479130 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12479130"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12479130, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12479130", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12479130 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12479130; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12479130"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12479130 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12479130"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12479130; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12479130]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12479130").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12479130").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12479130"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2702" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response">Immune response</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2702" type="text/json">{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer">Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6021" type="text/json">{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40279" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Influenza_virus">Influenza virus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40279" type="text/json">{"id":40279,"name":"Influenza virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Influenza_virus?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49018" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spleen">Spleen</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49018" type="text/json">{"id":49018,"name":"Spleen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spleen?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12479130]'), work: {"id":12479130,"title":"Gemcitabine exerts a selective effect on the humoral immune response: implications for combination chemo-immunotherapy","created_at":"2015-05-19T23:48:08.272-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12479130/Gemcitabine_exerts_a_selective_effect_on_the_humoral_immune_response_implications_for_combination_chemo_immunotherapy?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_12479130","summary":"Most cytotoxic drugs have gross effects on the immune system, such as neutropenia and lymphopenia. However, their effects on tumor-specific immune responses are unknown. Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue that is frequently used to treat non-small cell lung cancer. It is also active in other malignancies, either alone or in combination with cisplatin. Here, we investigate its effects on antigen-specific antitumor immunity using a murine tumor cell line transfected to express influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA). CD4(+), CD8(+), and B220(+) lymphocyte numbers all decreased during chemotherapy (120 microg/g, i.p., every third day for five doses), but B cells were selectively depleted. Gemcitabine induced a profound suppression of the IgG antibody response to HA, and this was unrelated to tumor size. In contrast, in vitro T-lymphocyte recall responses to the class I- and class II-restricted dominant peptide epitopes of HA were enhanced in tumor-bearing, gemcitabine-treated mice. We fou...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46153361,"asset_id":12479130,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31325201,"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Nowak","domain_name":"uwa","page_name":"AnnaNowak","display_name":"Anna Nowak","profile_url":"https://uwa.academia.edu/AnnaNowak?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31325201/13309660/14562386/s65_anna.nowak.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":40279,"name":"Influenza virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Influenza_virus?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":49018,"name":"Spleen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spleen?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=324154"},{"id":126863,"name":"Immunotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunotherapy?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":375074,"name":"Cellular Immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellular_Immunity?f_ri=324154"},{"id":678853,"name":"B Lymphocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/B_Lymphocytes?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1548118,"name":"Non small Cell Lung Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_small_Cell_Lung_Cancer?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2463779,"name":"Combined Modality Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combined_Modality_Therapy?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13497600 coauthored" data-work_id="13497600" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13497600/An_MVA_vaccine_overcomes_tolerance_to_human_p53_in_mice_and_humans">An MVA vaccine overcomes tolerance to human p53 in mice and humans</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background The cellular regulatory protein p53 is overexpressed by almost 50% of all malignancies making it an attractive target for a vaccine approach to cancer. A number of immunotherapy approaches targeting p53 have been evaluated... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13497600" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background The cellular regulatory protein p53 is overexpressed by almost 50% of all malignancies making it an attractive target for a vaccine approach to cancer. A number of immunotherapy approaches targeting p53 have been evaluated successfully in murine models, but translation of these preclinical Wndings to the clinic has been unsuccessful. Prior studies in our laboratory employing murine models demonstrated that a modiWed vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vaccine expressing murine p53 could stimulate p53 speciWc immunity. Systemic administration of the MVA vaccine was able to eVect the rejection of established tumors. To better understand the immunologic mechanisms that underlie the vaccine function of human p53, we utilized a murine model in which the murine germ line copy of p53 was replaced with a modiWed human one. These mice, referred to as Hupki, were evaluated as a tolerant model to explore the capacity of MVA expressing human p53 to overcome tolerance and reject human p53-expressing tumors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13497600" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="86d4b4eb3f91e1478ef1795d9164d70c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45268174,"asset_id":13497600,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45268174/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32843059" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PirouzDaftarian">Pirouz Daftarian</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32843059" type="text/json">{"id":32843059,"first_name":"Pirouz","last_name":"Daftarian","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PirouzDaftarian","display_name":"Pirouz Daftarian","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PirouzDaftarian?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13497600">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13497600"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DiamondDon">Don Diamond</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13497600'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13497600').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13497600 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13497600"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13497600, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13497600", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13497600 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13497600; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13497600"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13497600 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13497600"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13497600; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13497600]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13497600").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13497600").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13497600"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1290" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology">Immunology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1290" type="text/json">{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37912" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Immunology">Cancer Immunology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37912" type="text/json">{"id":37912,"name":"Cancer Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Immunology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Vaccines">Cancer Vaccines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43106" type="text/json">{"id":43106,"name":"Cancer Vaccines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Vaccines?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57808" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line">Cell line</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57808" type="text/json">{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13497600]'), work: {"id":13497600,"title":"An MVA vaccine overcomes tolerance to human p53 in mice and humans","created_at":"2015-07-01T07:21:36.850-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13497600/An_MVA_vaccine_overcomes_tolerance_to_human_p53_in_mice_and_humans?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_13497600","summary":"Background The cellular regulatory protein p53 is overexpressed by almost 50% of all malignancies making it an attractive target for a vaccine approach to cancer. A number of immunotherapy approaches targeting p53 have been evaluated successfully in murine models, but translation of these preclinical Wndings to the clinic has been unsuccessful. Prior studies in our laboratory employing murine models demonstrated that a modiWed vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vaccine expressing murine p53 could stimulate p53 speciWc immunity. Systemic administration of the MVA vaccine was able to eVect the rejection of established tumors. To better understand the immunologic mechanisms that underlie the vaccine function of human p53, we utilized a murine model in which the murine germ line copy of p53 was replaced with a modiWed human one. These mice, referred to as Hupki, were evaluated as a tolerant model to explore the capacity of MVA expressing human p53 to overcome tolerance and reject human p53-expressing tumors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45268174,"asset_id":13497600,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32843059,"first_name":"Pirouz","last_name":"Daftarian","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PirouzDaftarian","display_name":"Pirouz Daftarian","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PirouzDaftarian?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32702332,"first_name":"Don","last_name":"Diamond","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DiamondDon","display_name":"Don Diamond","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DiamondDon?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32702332/18309721/18276394/s65_don.diamond.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":37912,"name":"Cancer Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Immunology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":43106,"name":"Cancer Vaccines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Vaccines?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=324154"},{"id":315194,"name":"Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_Squamous_Cell_Carcinoma_OSCC_?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":532278,"name":"Cancer Patient","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Patient?f_ri=324154"},{"id":620070,"name":"Transfection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transfection?f_ri=324154"},{"id":894787,"name":"Immune Tolerance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_Tolerance?f_ri=324154"},{"id":951639,"name":"Murine Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Murine_Model?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1556410,"name":"Full Length Movies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Full_Length_Movies?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2058663,"name":"Interferon gamma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interferon_gamma?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24334142" data-work_id="24334142" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24334142/Pathogenesis_of_multi_organic_failure_in_autoimmune_diseases">Pathogenesis of multi-organic failure in autoimmune diseases</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Multi-organic failure in the context of autoimmune diseases is a multi-factorial condition where different pathways concur to produce a global system breakdown. Some of these pathways include the coagulation, fibrinolysis, kinin and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24334142" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Multi-organic failure in the context of autoimmune diseases is a multi-factorial condition where different pathways concur to produce a global system breakdown. Some of these pathways include the coagulation, fibrinolysis, kinin and complement cascades which in normal conditions work together to provide a comprehensive response to injury. In pathologic conditions these regulatory mechanisms are replaced by positive feed-back loops. The common response pattern is the activation of the immune system via endothelium activation. Furthermore, these different plasma-driven mechanisms may induce standardised endothelial cell responses of which the most relevant are the activation of p38, JNK, NF-kβ and IRF-3 pathways. In this paper we review the common points between these major pathways and how they become activated, contributing to a global clinical picture. We present two examples of apparently different clinical settings, caused by the same global dysfunction: the Macrophage Activation Syndrome and the iatrogenic "cytokine storm" triggered by the administration of anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody TGN1412 in a phase 1 trial.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24334142" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ba0932c7a913bc8cf4c0694a6035d07f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44669575,"asset_id":24334142,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44669575/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38262742" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AmaralMarta">Marta Amaral</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38262742" type="text/json">{"id":38262742,"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Amaral","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AmaralMarta","display_name":"Marta Amaral","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AmaralMarta?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24334142 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24334142"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24334142, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24334142", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24334142 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24334142; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24334142"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24334142 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24334142"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24334142; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24334142]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24334142").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24334142").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24334142"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1290" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology">Immunology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1290" type="text/json">{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9111" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines">Cytokines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9111" type="text/json">{"id":9111,"name":"Cytokines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38831" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction">Signal Transduction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38831" type="text/json">{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24334142]'), work: {"id":24334142,"title":"Pathogenesis of multi-organic failure in autoimmune diseases","created_at":"2016-04-12T13:19:29.074-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24334142/Pathogenesis_of_multi_organic_failure_in_autoimmune_diseases?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_24334142","summary":"Multi-organic failure in the context of autoimmune diseases is a multi-factorial condition where different pathways concur to produce a global system breakdown. Some of these pathways include the coagulation, fibrinolysis, kinin and complement cascades which in normal conditions work together to provide a comprehensive response to injury. In pathologic conditions these regulatory mechanisms are replaced by positive feed-back loops. The common response pattern is the activation of the immune system via endothelium activation. Furthermore, these different plasma-driven mechanisms may induce standardised endothelial cell responses of which the most relevant are the activation of p38, JNK, NF-kβ and IRF-3 pathways. In this paper we review the common points between these major pathways and how they become activated, contributing to a global clinical picture. We present two examples of apparently different clinical settings, caused by the same global dysfunction: the Macrophage Activation Syndrome and the iatrogenic \"cytokine storm\" triggered by the administration of anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody TGN1412 in a phase 1 trial.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44669575,"asset_id":24334142,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38262742,"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Amaral","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AmaralMarta","display_name":"Marta Amaral","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AmaralMarta?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":9111,"name":"Cytokines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":66613,"name":"Autoimmune Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmune_Disease?f_ri=324154"},{"id":71304,"name":"Autoimmune diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmune_diseases?f_ri=324154"},{"id":145675,"name":"Standardisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standardisation?f_ri=324154"},{"id":147196,"name":"Monoclonal Antibodies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monoclonal_Antibodies?f_ri=324154"},{"id":189424,"name":"Blood Coagulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Coagulation?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":401214,"name":"Endothelial cell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endothelial_cell?f_ri=324154"},{"id":496063,"name":"Thrombosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thrombosis?f_ri=324154"},{"id":766014,"name":"Monoclonal Antibody","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monoclonal_Antibody?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1271254,"name":"Multiple Organ Failure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_Organ_Failure?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15668749" data-work_id="15668749" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15668749/_Immuknow_to_Measurement_of_Cell_Mediated_Immunity_in_Renal_Transplant_Recipients_Undergoing_Short_Term_Evaluation">“Immuknow” to Measurement of Cell-Mediated Immunity in Renal Transplant Recipients Undergoing Short-Term Evaluation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this preliminary, observational study was to evaluate the value of ImmuKnow (IK), a new tool to measure the net state of immunefunction among renal transplant recipients, in correlation with clinical and laboratory data among... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15668749" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this preliminary, observational study was to evaluate the value of ImmuKnow (IK), a new tool to measure the net state of immunefunction among renal transplant recipients, in correlation with clinical and laboratory data among unselected renal transplant recipients. Forty-nine recipients of mean age of 51 years were enrolled and followed for 1 year after transplantation. All subjects received the same immunosuppressive strategy with basiliximab induction and tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and steroid maintenance therapy. Samples for IK were collected before transplantation as well as at 7, 14, 21 and 42 days and after 3, 6, and 12 months. There were 54 samples with IK Ͻ225 ng/mL, 201 samples with normal IK values, and 135 samples with Ͼ525 ng/mL. We divided recipients into 3 groups with respect to their basal IK values: Group 1 (Gr1; IK Ͻ225 ng/mL); Group 2 (Gr2; normal values of IK between 226 and 524 ng/mL); and Group 3 (Gr3; IK Ͼ525 ng/mL). At 1 year, we observed a significant difference among IK values at the start and the end of the study: Gr1 vs Gr2, P Ͻ .0001; Gr2 vs Gr3, P Ͻ .06 and Gr 1 vs Gr 3, P Ͻ .01). We observed reduced IK values to predict an increased risk of infection, particularly with cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication while higher IK value did not correlate with an increased risk of acute rejection episodes. Reduction of serum creatine levels occurred within 1 year in all groups (P Ͻ .005), but there was a significant difference between Gr 2 versus Grs 1 and 3 (P Ͻ .0001 and P Ͻ .0005, respectively). There findings suggested that more stable IK values were associated with clinical quiescence and laboratory stability. In conclusion, our preliminary analysis showed a beneficial capacity of this assay to represent the global depression of the immune system. We noted that reduced IK values, as a sign of excessive immunosuppressive therapy, were associated with an increased risk of infection. We did not confirm the predictive value of higher IK values for an increased risk of an acute rejection episode.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15668749" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aff0a38316c59c31c09ad2af9b84bfaf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42987039,"asset_id":15668749,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42987039/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34855933" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChiaraAgrati">Chiara Agrati</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34855933" type="text/json">{"id":34855933,"first_name":"Chiara","last_name":"Agrati","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChiaraAgrati","display_name":"Chiara Agrati","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChiaraAgrati?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15668749 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15668749"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15668749, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15668749", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15668749]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15668749").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15668749").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15668749"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">26</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9003" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney_transplantation">Kidney transplantation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9003" type="text/json">{"id":9003,"name":"Kidney transplantation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney_transplantation?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16664" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment">Risk assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16664" type="text/json">{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24856" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/STEROIDS">STEROIDS</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24856" type="text/json">{"id":24856,"name":"STEROIDS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/STEROIDS?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15668749]'), work: {"id":15668749,"title":"“Immuknow” to Measurement of Cell-Mediated Immunity in Renal Transplant Recipients Undergoing Short-Term Evaluation","created_at":"2015-09-13T22:50:05.640-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15668749/_Immuknow_to_Measurement_of_Cell_Mediated_Immunity_in_Renal_Transplant_Recipients_Undergoing_Short_Term_Evaluation?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_15668749","summary":"The aim of this preliminary, observational study was to evaluate the value of ImmuKnow (IK), a new tool to measure the net state of immunefunction among renal transplant recipients, in correlation with clinical and laboratory data among unselected renal transplant recipients. Forty-nine recipients of mean age of 51 years were enrolled and followed for 1 year after transplantation. All subjects received the same immunosuppressive strategy with basiliximab induction and tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and steroid maintenance therapy. Samples for IK were collected before transplantation as well as at 7, 14, 21 and 42 days and after 3, 6, and 12 months. There were 54 samples with IK Ͻ225 ng/mL, 201 samples with normal IK values, and 135 samples with Ͼ525 ng/mL. We divided recipients into 3 groups with respect to their basal IK values: Group 1 (Gr1; IK Ͻ225 ng/mL); Group 2 (Gr2; normal values of IK between 226 and 524 ng/mL); and Group 3 (Gr3; IK Ͼ525 ng/mL). At 1 year, we observed a significant difference among IK values at the start and the end of the study: Gr1 vs Gr2, P Ͻ .0001; Gr2 vs Gr3, P Ͻ .06 and Gr 1 vs Gr 3, P Ͻ .01). We observed reduced IK values to predict an increased risk of infection, particularly with cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication while higher IK value did not correlate with an increased risk of acute rejection episodes. Reduction of serum creatine levels occurred within 1 year in all groups (P Ͻ .005), but there was a significant difference between Gr 2 versus Grs 1 and 3 (P Ͻ .0001 and P Ͻ .0005, respectively). There findings suggested that more stable IK values were associated with clinical quiescence and laboratory stability. In conclusion, our preliminary analysis showed a beneficial capacity of this assay to represent the global depression of the immune system. We noted that reduced IK values, as a sign of excessive immunosuppressive therapy, were associated with an increased risk of infection. We did not confirm the predictive value of higher IK values for an increased risk of an acute rejection episode.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42987039,"asset_id":15668749,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34855933,"first_name":"Chiara","last_name":"Agrati","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChiaraAgrati","display_name":"Chiara Agrati","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChiaraAgrati?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9003,"name":"Kidney transplantation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney_transplantation?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":24856,"name":"STEROIDS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/STEROIDS?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":45213,"name":"Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italy?f_ri=324154"},{"id":57818,"name":"Tacrolimus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tacrolimus?f_ri=324154"},{"id":58380,"name":"Therapeutic drug monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Therapeutic_drug_monitoring?f_ri=324154"},{"id":112993,"name":"Cytomegalovirus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytomegalovirus?f_ri=324154"},{"id":147196,"name":"Monoclonal Antibodies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monoclonal_Antibodies?f_ri=324154"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=324154"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=324154"},{"id":487159,"name":"Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Group?f_ri=324154"},{"id":568482,"name":"Biological markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_markers?f_ri=324154"},{"id":572282,"name":"Combination drug therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combination_drug_therapy?f_ri=324154"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=324154"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=324154"},{"id":893785,"name":"Graft Rejection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graft_Rejection?f_ri=324154"},{"id":910024,"name":"Observational Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Observational_Study?f_ri=324154"},{"id":945595,"name":"Pilot Projects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilot_Projects?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1007684,"name":"Virus diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virus_diseases?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1318932,"name":"Predictive value of tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_value_of_tests?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1740530,"name":"Mycophenolate mofetil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycophenolate_mofetil?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1740532,"name":"Acute rejection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acute_rejection?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1816594,"name":"Adenosine Triphosphate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adenosine_Triphosphate?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18925112" data-work_id="18925112" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18925112/Hygiene_hypothesis_Innate_immunity_malaria_and_multiple_sclerosis">Hygiene hypothesis: Innate immunity, malaria and multiple sclerosis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The establishment of new hygienic conditions plays a role in the appearance of autoimmunity in ''westernalised'' countries. Consistently, but still unconvincingly, several epidemiological and immunogenetic evidences link the disappearance... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18925112" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The establishment of new hygienic conditions plays a role in the appearance of autoimmunity in ''westernalised'' countries. Consistently, but still unconvincingly, several epidemiological and immunogenetic evidences link the disappearance of malaria with the increase of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Sardinia, insular Italy. To this purpose, we have made an attempt to build a relationship between malaria disappearance and MS under the light of the hygiene hypothesis. This relationship has taken into account the MS frequency increase soon after malaria eradication in Sardinia, the present malaria endemism in Africa, the innate immune system activity here represented by Chitotriosidase (Chit), an hydrolytic enzyme produced by macrophages, and an unproductive polymorphism of Chit gene (CHIT1) as a measure of the genetic weight of Plasmodium-related immunity in these populations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18925112" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b0b571ca445483ce0b26ef24a6c24818" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40332232,"asset_id":18925112,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40332232/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39052595" href="https://uniss.academia.edu/AAngius">Andrea Angius</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39052595" type="text/json">{"id":39052595,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Angius","domain_name":"uniss","page_name":"AAngius","display_name":"Andrea Angius","profile_url":"https://uniss.academia.edu/AAngius?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39052595/10796415/12716625/s65_andrea.angius.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18925112 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18925112"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18925112, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18925112", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18925112]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18925112").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18925112").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18925112"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3097" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_sclerosis">Multiple sclerosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3097" type="text/json">{"id":3097,"name":"Multiple sclerosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_sclerosis?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3855" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymorphism">Polymorphism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3855" type="text/json">{"id":3855,"name":"Polymorphism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymorphism?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18925112]'), work: {"id":18925112,"title":"Hygiene hypothesis: Innate immunity, malaria and multiple sclerosis","created_at":"2015-11-24T06:34:59.341-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18925112/Hygiene_hypothesis_Innate_immunity_malaria_and_multiple_sclerosis?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_18925112","summary":"The establishment of new hygienic conditions plays a role in the appearance of autoimmunity in ''westernalised'' countries. Consistently, but still unconvincingly, several epidemiological and immunogenetic evidences link the disappearance of malaria with the increase of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Sardinia, insular Italy. To this purpose, we have made an attempt to build a relationship between malaria disappearance and MS under the light of the hygiene hypothesis. This relationship has taken into account the MS frequency increase soon after malaria eradication in Sardinia, the present malaria endemism in Africa, the innate immune system activity here represented by Chitotriosidase (Chit), an hydrolytic enzyme produced by macrophages, and an unproductive polymorphism of Chit gene (CHIT1) as a measure of the genetic weight of Plasmodium-related immunity in these populations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40332232,"asset_id":18925112,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39052595,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Angius","domain_name":"uniss","page_name":"AAngius","display_name":"Andrea Angius","profile_url":"https://uniss.academia.edu/AAngius?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39052595/10796415/12716625/s65_andrea.angius.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":3097,"name":"Multiple sclerosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_sclerosis?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":3855,"name":"Polymorphism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymorphism?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":24706,"name":"Innate immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innate_immunity?f_ri=324154"},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=324154"},{"id":81309,"name":"Infectious Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_Disease?f_ri=324154"},{"id":147195,"name":"Central Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Nervous_System?f_ri=324154"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1387364,"name":"Genetic Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Selection?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1938317,"name":"Innate Immune System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innate_Immune_System?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_81937543" data-work_id="81937543" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81937543/The_application_of_ascorbic_acid_as_a_therapeutic_feed_additive_to_boost_immunity_and_antioxidant_activity_of_poultry_in_heat_stress_environment">The application of ascorbic acid as a therapeutic feed additive to boost immunity and antioxidant activity of poultry in heat stress environment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ascorbic acid, widely known as vtamin C, is an essential nutrient for animals such as poultry. Ascorbic acid in poultry feed improves animal health and thus increases the growth performance of birds. Ascorbic acid can be used in the form... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_81937543" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ascorbic acid, widely known as vtamin C, is an essential nutrient for animals such as poultry. Ascorbic acid in poultry feed improves animal health and thus increases the growth performance of birds. Ascorbic acid can be used in the form of synthetic products or can be naturally obtained from fruits and plants. It is soluble in water and can be easily administered in drinking water and the diet. Poultry can synthesize ascorbic acid in the body. However, the performance of the animals can be improved by adding ascorbic acid to their diet. In addition, ascorbic acid is called an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory. This increases their resistance to disease during the transition season. Ascorbic acid supplementation positively affects the stress response, especially during the dry season in tropical countries. Furthermore, supplementing ascorbic acid in the poultry&#39;s diet improves resistance to diseases, regulates stress, and helps in the body&#39;s oxidation process. Ultimately,...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81937543" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="06b232760da53a2ceb31f066100e4338" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87806645,"asset_id":81937543,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87806645/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62810279" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Ho%C3%A0ngQu%C3%ADNguy%E1%BB%85n">Hoàng Quí Nguyễn</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62810279" type="text/json">{"id":62810279,"first_name":"Hoàng Quí","last_name":"Nguyễn","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HoàngQuíNguyễn","display_name":"Hoàng Quí Nguyễn","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Ho%C3%A0ngQu%C3%ADNguy%E1%BB%85n?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62810279/26882116/25345534/s65_ho_ng_qu_.nguy_n.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81937543 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81937543"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81937543, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81937543", }); 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Ascorbic acid in poultry feed improves animal health and thus increases the growth performance of birds. Ascorbic acid can be used in the form of synthetic products or can be naturally obtained from fruits and plants. It is soluble in water and can be easily administered in drinking water and the diet. Poultry can synthesize ascorbic acid in the body. However, the performance of the animals can be improved by adding ascorbic acid to their diet. In addition, ascorbic acid is called an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory. This increases their resistance to disease during the transition season. Ascorbic acid supplementation positively affects the stress response, especially during the dry season in tropical countries. Furthermore, supplementing ascorbic acid in the poultry\u0026#39;s diet improves resistance to diseases, regulates stress, and helps in the body\u0026#39;s oxidation process. Ultimately,...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87806645,"asset_id":81937543,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62810279,"first_name":"Hoàng Quí","last_name":"Nguyễn","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HoàngQuíNguyễn","display_name":"Hoàng Quí Nguyễn","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Ho%C3%A0ngQu%C3%ADNguy%E1%BB%85n?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62810279/26882116/25345534/s65_ho_ng_qu_.nguy_n.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17202,"name":"Poultry Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poultry_Nutrition?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":28937,"name":"Animal Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Nutrition?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":37881,"name":"Animal Husbandry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Husbandry?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":51711,"name":"Antioxidants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidants?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":352757,"name":"Ascorbic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ascorbic_Acid?f_ri=324154"},{"id":383248,"name":"Heat stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_stress?f_ri=324154"},{"id":875567,"name":"Poultry Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poultry_Production?f_ri=324154"},{"id":886831,"name":"Poultry Husbandry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poultry_Husbandry?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_54919251" data-work_id="54919251" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/54919251/The_onset_of_human_parturition">The onset of human parturition</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/54919251" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="80713f257336880060060572869706e1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71045175,"asset_id":54919251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71045175/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="194958506" rel="nofollow" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KamelRemah">Remah Kamel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="194958506" type="text/json">{"id":194958506,"first_name":"Remah","last_name":"Kamel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KamelRemah","display_name":"Remah Kamel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KamelRemah?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/194958506/57390434/45607992/s65_remah.kamel.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_54919251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="54919251"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 54919251, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_54919251", }); 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(Sterculiaceae) have been used as food and a remedy for more than 4000 years. Today, about 100 therapeutic applications of cacao are described involving the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_52547078" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ethnopharmacological relevance: The fruits of Theobroma cacao L. (Sterculiaceae) have been used as food and a remedy for more than 4000 years. Today, about 100 therapeutic applications of cacao are described involving the gastrointestinal, nervous, cardiovascular and immune systems. Pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-␥ and related biochemical pathways like tryptophan degradation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and neopterin formation are closely associated with the pathogenesis of such disorders. Aim of the study: To determine the anti-inflammatory effect of cacao extracts on interferon-␥ and biochemical consequences in immunocompetent cells. Materials and methods: Effects of aqueous or ethanolic extracts of cacao were examined on mitogen-induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy donors and on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated myelomonocytic THP-1 cells. Antioxidant activity of extracts was determined by oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) assay. Results: In mitogen-stimulated PBMC, enhanced degradation of tryptophan, formation of neopterin and interferon-␥ were almost completely suppressed by the cacao extracts at doses of ≥5 g/mL. Cacao extracts had no effect on tryptophan degradation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells. Conclusions: There is a significant suppressive effect of cacao extracts on pro-inflammatory pathways in activated T-cells. Particularly the influence on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase could relate to some of the beneficial health effects ascribed to cacao.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52547078" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0ce15e4657f8eb2dbc7a8061eea563b6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69763250,"asset_id":52547078,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69763250/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="168371812" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarcelJenny">Marcel Jenny</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="168371812" type="text/json">{"id":168371812,"first_name":"Marcel","last_name":"Jenny","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarcelJenny","display_name":"Marcel Jenny","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarcelJenny?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_52547078 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="52547078"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 52547078, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_52547078", }); 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(Sterculiaceae) have been used as food and a remedy for more than 4000 years. Today, about 100 therapeutic applications of cacao are described involving the gastrointestinal, nervous, cardiovascular and immune systems. Pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-␥ and related biochemical pathways like tryptophan degradation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and neopterin formation are closely associated with the pathogenesis of such disorders. Aim of the study: To determine the anti-inflammatory effect of cacao extracts on interferon-␥ and biochemical consequences in immunocompetent cells. Materials and methods: Effects of aqueous or ethanolic extracts of cacao were examined on mitogen-induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy donors and on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated myelomonocytic THP-1 cells. Antioxidant activity of extracts was determined by oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) assay. Results: In mitogen-stimulated PBMC, enhanced degradation of tryptophan, formation of neopterin and interferon-␥ were almost completely suppressed by the cacao extracts at doses of ≥5 g/mL. Cacao extracts had no effect on tryptophan degradation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells. Conclusions: There is a significant suppressive effect of cacao extracts on pro-inflammatory pathways in activated T-cells. Particularly the influence on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase could relate to some of the beneficial health effects ascribed to cacao.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69763250,"asset_id":52547078,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":168371812,"first_name":"Marcel","last_name":"Jenny","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarcelJenny","display_name":"Marcel Jenny","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarcelJenny?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":14032,"name":"Ethnopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":14080,"name":"Pharmacognosy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacognosy?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":51711,"name":"Antioxidants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidants?f_ri=324154"},{"id":59370,"name":"In Vitro","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Vitro?f_ri=324154"},{"id":75847,"name":"HPLC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HPLC?f_ri=324154"},{"id":132777,"name":"Cacao","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cacao?f_ri=324154"},{"id":272224,"name":"HT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HT?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":335983,"name":"Lipopolysaccharides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipopolysaccharides?f_ri=324154"},{"id":759499,"name":"Neopterin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neopterin?f_ri=324154"},{"id":789968,"name":"Extract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extract?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1238057,"name":"PBMC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PBMC?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2058663,"name":"Interferon gamma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interferon_gamma?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2058664,"name":"Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_Blood_Mononuclear_Cells?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2338863,"name":"Ido","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ido-2?f_ri=324154"},{"id":3715081,"name":"phytohemagglutinins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/phytohemagglutinins?f_ri=324154"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1156637" data-work_id="1156637" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1156637/Six_month_outcome_of_critically_ill_patients_given_glutamine_supplemented_parenteral_nutrition_">Six-month outcome of critically ill patients given glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition*</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An abundant amino acid in the human body, glutamine (Gln) has many important metabolic roles that may protect or promote tissue integrity and enhance the immune system. Low plasma and tissue levels of Gin in the critically ill suggest... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1156637" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An abundant amino acid in the human body, glutamine (Gln) has many important metabolic roles that may protect or promote tissue integrity and enhance the immune system. Low plasma and tissue levels of Gin in the critically ill suggest that demand may exceed endogenous supply. A relative deficiency of Gln in such patients could compromise recovery and result in prolonged illness and an increase in late mortality. This study examines this hypothesis. Using a prospective, block-randomized, double-blind treatment study design, we tested whether a Gin-containing parenteral nutrition (PN) compared with an isonitrogenous, isoenergetic control feed would influence outcome, with the endpoints of morbidity, mortality, and cost at 6 mo postintervention. In one general intensive care unit (ICU), to ensure consistency of management policies, 84 critically ill adult patients, with Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation II score > 10, requiring nutritional support received PN only if enteral nutrition was contraindicated or unsuccessful. Survival at 6 mo was significantly improved in those receiving Gin PN (24/42 versus 14/42; P = 0.049). Significantly more deaths occurred in patients requiring control PN for > 10 d (P = 0.03). The excess control deaths occurred later and those patients had had a significantly longer postintervention stay (P = 0.012) and use of ICU. In the Gln recipients, the total ICU and hospital cost per survivor was reduced by 50%. In critically ill ICU patients unable to receive enteral nutrition, a Gin-containing PN solution improves survival at 6 mo and reduces the hospital costs per survivor.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1156637" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cfad2ba33d02d8e269529b3d351f16ff" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51082603,"asset_id":1156637,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51082603/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1046070" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AllanPalmer">Allan Palmer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1046070" type="text/json">{"id":1046070,"first_name":"Allan","last_name":"Palmer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AllanPalmer","display_name":"Allan Palmer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AllanPalmer?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1156637 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1156637"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1156637, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1156637", }); 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Low plasma and tissue levels of Gin in the critically ill suggest that demand may exceed endogenous supply. A relative deficiency of Gln in such patients could compromise recovery and result in prolonged illness and an increase in late mortality. This study examines this hypothesis. Using a prospective, block-randomized, double-blind treatment study design, we tested whether a Gin-containing parenteral nutrition (PN) compared with an isonitrogenous, isoenergetic control feed would influence outcome, with the endpoints of morbidity, mortality, and cost at 6 mo postintervention. In one general intensive care unit (ICU), to ensure consistency of management policies, 84 critically ill adult patients, with Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation II score \u003e 10, requiring nutritional support received PN only if enteral nutrition was contraindicated or unsuccessful. Survival at 6 mo was significantly improved in those receiving Gin PN (24/42 versus 14/42; P = 0.049). Significantly more deaths occurred in patients requiring control PN for \u003e 10 d (P = 0.03). The excess control deaths occurred later and those patients had had a significantly longer postintervention stay (P = 0.012) and use of ICU. In the Gln recipients, the total ICU and hospital cost per survivor was reduced by 50%. In critically ill ICU patients unable to receive enteral nutrition, a Gin-containing PN solution improves survival at 6 mo and reduces the hospital costs per survivor.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51082603,"asset_id":1156637,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1046070,"first_name":"Allan","last_name":"Palmer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AllanPalmer","display_name":"Allan Palmer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AllanPalmer?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1907,"name":"Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective 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design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Study_design?f_ri=324154"},{"id":585573,"name":"Amino Acid Profile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Profile?f_ri=324154"},{"id":906536,"name":"Health Care Costs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care_Costs?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1188229,"name":"Parenteral Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parenteral_Nutrition?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1548059,"name":"Critical Illness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Illness?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1758627,"name":"Enteral Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enteral_Nutrition?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2187350,"name":"Management Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management_Policy?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3606475" data-work_id="3606475" 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Topic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trials_as_Topic?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15978914" data-work_id="15978914" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15978914/Microbial_translocation_is_a_cause_of_systemic_immune_activation_in_chronic_HIV_infection">Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15978914" 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u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21022668/Vitamin_D_and_musculoskeletal_health_cardiovascular_disease_autoimmunity_and_cancer_Recommendations_for_clinical_practice">Vitamin D and musculoskeletal health, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity and cancer: Recommendations for clinical practice</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Background: There is increasing evidence that, in addition to the well-known effects on musculoskeletal health, vitamin D status may be related to a number of non-skeletal diseases.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21022668" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span 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Block diagram of device in read mode. 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Block diagram of device in read mode. 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El Síndrome de Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño (SAOS), es un trastorno caracterizado por episodios repetidos de cese de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55607296" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Resumen Recientemente, el interés por el estudio de la relación entre el sueño y el sistema inmunológico, ha incrementado. El Síndrome de Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño (SAOS), es un trastorno caracterizado por episodios repetidos de cese de la respiración que ocurren durante el sueño. Recientes estudios han defendido la necesidad de estudiar la relación entre SAOS y sistema inmune. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las posibles diferencias existentes entre sujetos con SAOS y sujetos sanos en cuanto a su sistema inmunológico. La muestra del estudio estuvo compuesta por 13 sujetos con SAOS seleccionados de un centro médico y 16 sujetos sanos. Un índice de apnea/hipopnea (IAH) ≥ a 10 confirmó el diagnostico de SAOS. Para establecer el diagnóstico de SAOS se utilizó una poligrafía cardiorrespiratoria de todas las horas de sueño a cada paciente. Los resultados indican que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en leucocitos (p< 0,01), y linfocitos (p< 0,01), entre los pacientes con apnea y el grupo control. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en monolitos.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55607296" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff46d3b2e545aef8a8e23db0571b0c7f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71400480,"asset_id":55607296,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71400480/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="61635160" href="https://independent.academia.edu/anasanchez292">ana sanchez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="61635160" type="text/json">{"id":61635160,"first_name":"ana","last_name":"sanchez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"anasanchez292","display_name":"ana sanchez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/anasanchez292?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55607296 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55607296"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55607296, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55607296", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55607296]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_55607296").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_55607296").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55607296"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="260" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Psychology">Health Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="260" type="text/json">{"id":260,"name":"Health Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Psychology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4515" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY">PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4515" type="text/json">{"id":4515,"name":"PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="324154" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system">Immune system</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="324154" type="text/json">{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="749302" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation">Indexation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="749302" type="text/json">{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=55607296]'), work: {"id":55607296,"title":"Sueño y Sistema Inmune: diferencias en variables inmunológicas en sujetos con apnea y controles","created_at":"2021-10-05T05:57:14.350-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/55607296/Sue%C3%B1o_y_Sistema_Inmune_diferencias_en_variables_inmunol%C3%B3gicas_en_sujetos_con_apnea_y_controles?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_55607296","summary":"Resumen Recientemente, el interés por el estudio de la relación entre el sueño y el sistema inmunológico, ha incrementado. El Síndrome de Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño (SAOS), es un trastorno caracterizado por episodios repetidos de cese de la respiración que ocurren durante el sueño. Recientes estudios han defendido la necesidad de estudiar la relación entre SAOS y sistema inmune. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las posibles diferencias existentes entre sujetos con SAOS y sujetos sanos en cuanto a su sistema inmunológico. La muestra del estudio estuvo compuesta por 13 sujetos con SAOS seleccionados de un centro médico y 16 sujetos sanos. Un índice de apnea/hipopnea (IAH) ≥ a 10 confirmó el diagnostico de SAOS. Para establecer el diagnóstico de SAOS se utilizó una poligrafía cardiorrespiratoria de todas las horas de sueño a cada paciente. Los resultados indican que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en leucocitos (p\u003c 0,01), y linfocitos (p\u003c 0,01), entre los pacientes con apnea y el grupo control. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en monolitos.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71400480,"asset_id":55607296,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":61635160,"first_name":"ana","last_name":"sanchez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"anasanchez292","display_name":"ana sanchez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/anasanchez292?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":260,"name":"Health Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Psychology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":4515,"name":"PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":1142759,"name":"Healthy Subjects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthy_Subjects?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2687087,"name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obstructive_Sleep_Apnea_Syndrome?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72529244" data-work_id="72529244" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72529244/In_vitro_antimicrobial_activity_of_ten_medicinal_plants_against_clinical_isolates_of_oral_cancer_cases">In vitro antimicrobial activity of ten medicinal plants against clinical isolates of oral cancer cases</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Suppression of immune system in treated cancer patients may lead to secondary infections that obviate the need of antibiotics. In the present study, an attempt was made to understand the occurrence of secondary infections in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72529244" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Suppression of immune system in treated cancer patients may lead to secondary infections that obviate the need of antibiotics. In the present study, an attempt was made to understand the occurrence of secondary infections in immuno-suppressed patients along with herbal control of these infections with the following objectives to: (a) isolate the microbial species from the treated oral cancer patients along with the estimation of absolute neutrophile counts of patients (b) assess the in vitro antimicrobial activity medicinal plants against the above clinical isolates. Methods Blood and oral swab cultures were taken from 40 oral cancer patients undergoing treatment in the radiotherapy unit of Regional Cancer Institute, Pt. B.D.S. Health University, Rohtak, Haryana. Clinical isolates were identified by following general microbiological, staining and biochemical methods. The absolute neutrophile counts were done by following the standard methods. The medicinal plants selected...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72529244" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c154a3e81e7eada72344b101118ddf8e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81421577,"asset_id":72529244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81421577/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="215973806" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VivekKaushal16">Vivek Kaushal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="215973806" type="text/json">{"id":215973806,"first_name":"Vivek","last_name":"Kaushal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VivekKaushal16","display_name":"Vivek Kaushal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VivekKaushal16?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/215973806/74457169/62953772/s65_vivek.kaushal.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72529244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72529244"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72529244, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72529244", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72529244]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72529244").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72529244").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72529244"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17272" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi">Fungi</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17272" type="text/json">{"id":17272,"name":"Fungi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli">Escherichia coli</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="83128" type="text/json">{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72529244]'), work: {"id":72529244,"title":"In vitro antimicrobial activity of ten medicinal plants against clinical isolates of oral cancer cases","created_at":"2022-02-27T02:26:04.071-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72529244/In_vitro_antimicrobial_activity_of_ten_medicinal_plants_against_clinical_isolates_of_oral_cancer_cases?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_72529244","summary":"Background Suppression of immune system in treated cancer patients may lead to secondary infections that obviate the need of antibiotics. In the present study, an attempt was made to understand the occurrence of secondary infections in immuno-suppressed patients along with herbal control of these infections with the following objectives to: (a) isolate the microbial species from the treated oral cancer patients along with the estimation of absolute neutrophile counts of patients (b) assess the in vitro antimicrobial activity medicinal plants against the above clinical isolates. Methods Blood and oral swab cultures were taken from 40 oral cancer patients undergoing treatment in the radiotherapy unit of Regional Cancer Institute, Pt. B.D.S. Health University, Rohtak, Haryana. Clinical isolates were identified by following general microbiological, staining and biochemical methods. The absolute neutrophile counts were done by following the standard methods. The medicinal plants selected...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81421577,"asset_id":72529244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":215973806,"first_name":"Vivek","last_name":"Kaushal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VivekKaushal16","display_name":"Vivek Kaushal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VivekKaushal16?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/215973806/74457169/62953772/s65_vivek.kaushal.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":17272,"name":"Fungi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":111007,"name":"Antimicrobial activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_activity?f_ri=324154"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=324154"},{"id":131573,"name":"Candida albicans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Candida_albicans?f_ri=324154"},{"id":215633,"name":"Aspergillus fumigatus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspergillus_fumigatus-1?f_ri=324154"},{"id":216311,"name":"Fungal Pathogens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungal_Pathogens?f_ri=324154"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":532278,"name":"Cancer Patient","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Patient?f_ri=324154"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=324154"},{"id":587528,"name":"Bacterial infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_infections?f_ri=324154"},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1134083,"name":"Medicinal Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plant?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2037499,"name":"Klebsiella pneumoniae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Klebsiella_pneumoniae?f_ri=324154"},{"id":3360152,"name":"Absolute Neutrophil Count","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Absolute_Neutrophil_Count?f_ri=324154"},{"id":3969947,"name":"Antimicrobial agent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_agent?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70529056" data-work_id="70529056" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70529056/Brain_Regeneration_in_Physiology_and_Pathology_The_Immune_Signature_Driving_Therapeutic_Plasticity_of_Neural_Stem_Cells">Brain Regeneration in Physiology and Pathology: The Immune Signature Driving Therapeutic Plasticity of Neural Stem Cells</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Regenerative processes occurring under physiological (maintenance) and pathological (reparative) conditions are a fundamental part of life and vary greatly among different species, individuals, and tissues. Physiological regeneration... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70529056" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Regenerative processes occurring under physiological (maintenance) and pathological (reparative) conditions are a fundamental part of life and vary greatly among different species, individuals, and tissues. Physiological regeneration occurs naturally as a consequence of normal cell erosion, or as an inevitable outcome of any biological process aiming at the restoration of homeostasis. Reparative regeneration occurs as a consequence of tissue damage. Although the central nervous system (CNS) has been considered for years as a “perennial” tissue, it has recently become clear that both physiological and reparative regeneration occur also within the CNS to sustain tissue homeostasis and repair. Proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) residing within the healthy CNS, or surviving injury, are considered crucial in sustaining these processes. Thus a large number of experimental stem cell-based transplantation systems for CNS repair have recently been establ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70529056" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f8f1f7aef815e1805f81b786a6ffa468" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80244908,"asset_id":70529056,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80244908/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12199225" href="https://iuc.academia.edu/LucaBonfanti">Luca Bonfanti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12199225" type="text/json">{"id":12199225,"first_name":"Luca","last_name":"Bonfanti","domain_name":"iuc","page_name":"LucaBonfanti","display_name":"Luca Bonfanti","profile_url":"https://iuc.academia.edu/LucaBonfanti?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12199225/3501130/4112183/s65_luca.bonfanti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70529056 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70529056"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70529056, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70529056", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_70529056 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70529056; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_70529056"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_70529056 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70529056"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70529056; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70529056]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70529056").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70529056").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70529056"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3471" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regeneration">Regeneration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3471" type="text/json">{"id":3471,"name":"Regeneration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regeneration?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37864" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stem_Cell_Transplantation">Stem Cell Transplantation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37864" type="text/json">{"id":37864,"name":"Stem Cell Transplantation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stem_Cell_Transplantation?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70529056]'), work: {"id":70529056,"title":"Brain Regeneration in Physiology and Pathology: The Immune Signature Driving Therapeutic Plasticity of Neural Stem Cells","created_at":"2022-02-05T04:09:16.479-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70529056/Brain_Regeneration_in_Physiology_and_Pathology_The_Immune_Signature_Driving_Therapeutic_Plasticity_of_Neural_Stem_Cells?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_70529056","summary":"Regenerative processes occurring under physiological (maintenance) and pathological (reparative) conditions are a fundamental part of life and vary greatly among different species, individuals, and tissues. Physiological regeneration occurs naturally as a consequence of normal cell erosion, or as an inevitable outcome of any biological process aiming at the restoration of homeostasis. Reparative regeneration occurs as a consequence of tissue damage. Although the central nervous system (CNS) has been considered for years as a “perennial” tissue, it has recently become clear that both physiological and reparative regeneration occur also within the CNS to sustain tissue homeostasis and repair. Proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) residing within the healthy CNS, or surviving injury, are considered crucial in sustaining these processes. Thus a large number of experimental stem cell-based transplantation systems for CNS repair have recently been establ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80244908,"asset_id":70529056,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12199225,"first_name":"Luca","last_name":"Bonfanti","domain_name":"iuc","page_name":"LucaBonfanti","display_name":"Luca Bonfanti","profile_url":"https://iuc.academia.edu/LucaBonfanti?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12199225/3501130/4112183/s65_luca.bonfanti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3471,"name":"Regeneration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regeneration?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":37864,"name":"Stem Cell Transplantation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stem_Cell_Transplantation?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=324154"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=324154"},{"id":132020,"name":"Neuronal Plasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuronal_Plasticity?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":678927,"name":"Neural Stem Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Stem_Cells?f_ri=324154"},{"id":846581,"name":"Cell communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_communication?f_ri=324154"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65197776" data-work_id="65197776" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65197776/Characterisation_of_immunosuppression_in_rabbits_after_infection_with_myxoma_virus">Characterisation of immunosuppression in rabbits after infection with myxoma virus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65197776" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65197776" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="47e62c26f6eb795649c029815560cb61" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76901641,"asset_id":65197776,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76901641/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="204539893" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IvanP%C5%A1ikal">Ivan Pšikal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="204539893" type="text/json">{"id":204539893,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Pšikal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IvanPšikal","display_name":"Ivan Pšikal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IvanP%C5%A1ikal?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/204539893/65287139/53620702/s65_ivan.p_ikal.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65197776 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65197776"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65197776, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65197776", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_65197776 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65197776; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_65197776"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_65197776 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="65197776"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65197776; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65197776]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65197776").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65197776").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65197776"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry">Flow Cytometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6599" type="text/json">{"id":6599,"name":"Flow Cytometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65197776]'), work: {"id":65197776,"title":"Characterisation of immunosuppression in rabbits after infection with myxoma virus","created_at":"2021-12-20T07:31:54.201-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65197776/Characterisation_of_immunosuppression_in_rabbits_after_infection_with_myxoma_virus?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_65197776","summary":"HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76901641,"asset_id":65197776,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":204539893,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Pšikal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IvanPšikal","display_name":"Ivan Pšikal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IvanP%C5%A1ikal?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/204539893/65287139/53620702/s65_ivan.p_ikal.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":6599,"name":"Flow Cytometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":35414,"name":"Veterinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary?f_ri=324154"},{"id":118540,"name":"Immunosuppression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunosuppression?f_ri=324154"},{"id":238630,"name":"Experimental Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Infection?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":468242,"name":"European rabbit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_rabbit?f_ri=324154"},{"id":780594,"name":"In Vitro Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Vitro_Studies?f_ri=324154"},{"id":782251,"name":"Cell Proliferation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Proliferation?f_ri=324154"},{"id":788677,"name":"Rabbits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbits?f_ri=324154"},{"id":911025,"name":"Lymph Node","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymph_Node?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2436295,"name":"Myxoma virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myxoma_virus?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2892963,"name":"immunoglobulin M","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/immunoglobulin_M?f_ri=324154"},{"id":3631911,"name":"Thymus Gland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thymus_Gland?f_ri=324154"},{"id":3833419,"name":"Peripheral blood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_blood?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62847853" data-work_id="62847853" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62847853/The_Non_neuronal_cholinergic_system_an_emerging_drug_target_in_the_airways">The Non-neuronal cholinergic system: an emerging drug target in the airways</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The non-neuronal cholinergic system is widely expressed in human airways. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and/or acetylcholine are demonstrated in more or less all epithelial surface cells (goblet cells, ciliated cells, basal cells),... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62847853" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The non-neuronal cholinergic system is widely expressed in human airways. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and/or acetylcholine are demonstrated in more or less all epithelial surface cells (goblet cells, ciliated cells, basal cells), submucosal glands and airway smooth muscle fibres. Acetylcholine is also demonstrated in the effector cells of the immune system (lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells). Epithelial, endothelial and immune cells express nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Thus the cytomolecule acetylcholine can contribute to the regulation of basic cell functions via auto-/paracrine mechanisms (proliferation, differentiation, ciliary activity, secretion of water, ions and mucus, organization of the cytoskeleton, cell-cell contact). Acetylcholine also modulates immune functions (release of cytokines; proliferation, activation and inhibition of immune cells). Preliminary experimental evidence suggests that mucosal inflammation may be associated with raised acetylcholine le...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62847853" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="92427985ddbe63da7091d1616eb1725d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75483344,"asset_id":62847853,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75483344/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63575258" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CharlesJamesKirkpatrick">Charles James Kirkpatrick</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63575258" type="text/json">{"id":63575258,"first_name":"Charles James","last_name":"Kirkpatrick","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CharlesJamesKirkpatrick","display_name":"Charles James Kirkpatrick","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CharlesJamesKirkpatrick?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/63575258/42723859/70884226/s65_charles_james.kirkpatrick.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62847853 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62847853"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62847853, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62847853", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_62847853 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62847853; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_62847853"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_62847853 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="62847853"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62847853; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62847853]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62847853").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62847853").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62847853"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9334" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammation">Inflammation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9334" type="text/json">{"id":9334,"name":"Inflammation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammation?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="65171" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smooth_muscle">Smooth muscle</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="65171" type="text/json">{"id":65171,"name":"Smooth muscle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smooth_muscle?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="115488" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lung_Diseases">Lung Diseases</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="115488" type="text/json">{"id":115488,"name":"Lung Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lung_Diseases?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="125691" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nicotinic_Acetylcholine_Receptors">Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="125691" type="text/json">{"id":125691,"name":"Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nicotinic_Acetylcholine_Receptors?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62847853]'), work: {"id":62847853,"title":"The Non-neuronal cholinergic system: an emerging drug target in the airways","created_at":"2021-12-01T05:13:00.064-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62847853/The_Non_neuronal_cholinergic_system_an_emerging_drug_target_in_the_airways?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_62847853","summary":"The non-neuronal cholinergic system is widely expressed in human airways. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and/or acetylcholine are demonstrated in more or less all epithelial surface cells (goblet cells, ciliated cells, basal cells), submucosal glands and airway smooth muscle fibres. Acetylcholine is also demonstrated in the effector cells of the immune system (lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells). Epithelial, endothelial and immune cells express nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Thus the cytomolecule acetylcholine can contribute to the regulation of basic cell functions via auto-/paracrine mechanisms (proliferation, differentiation, ciliary activity, secretion of water, ions and mucus, organization of the cytoskeleton, cell-cell contact). Acetylcholine also modulates immune functions (release of cytokines; proliferation, activation and inhibition of immune cells). Preliminary experimental evidence suggests that mucosal inflammation may be associated with raised acetylcholine le...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75483344,"asset_id":62847853,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":63575258,"first_name":"Charles James","last_name":"Kirkpatrick","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CharlesJamesKirkpatrick","display_name":"Charles James Kirkpatrick","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CharlesJamesKirkpatrick?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/63575258/42723859/70884226/s65_charles_james.kirkpatrick.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9334,"name":"Inflammation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammation?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":65171,"name":"Smooth muscle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smooth_muscle?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":115488,"name":"Lung Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lung_Diseases?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":125691,"name":"Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nicotinic_Acetylcholine_Receptors?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":159958,"name":"Acetylcholine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acetylcholine?f_ri=324154"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":379416,"name":"Epithelial cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epithelial_cells?f_ri=324154"},{"id":379889,"name":"Homeostasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homeostasis?f_ri=324154"},{"id":675427,"name":"Immune function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_function?f_ri=324154"},{"id":995874,"name":"Muscarinic Receptor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muscarinic_Receptor?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1015099,"name":"Drug Targeting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Targeting?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2058443,"name":"Choline Acetyltransferase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Choline_Acetyltransferase?f_ri=324154"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59439696" data-work_id="59439696" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59439696/Immunological_monitoring_in_workers_occupationally_exposed_to_asbestos">Immunological monitoring in workers occupationally exposed to asbestos</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Occupational exposure to asbestos is strongly associated with pulmonary diseases, cancer and immunotoxic effects. Both systemic and local immunity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of these events. Immune cells appear to be... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_59439696" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Occupational exposure to asbestos is strongly associated with pulmonary diseases, cancer and immunotoxic effects. Both systemic and local immunity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of these events. Immune cells appear to be influenced by asbestos exposure, either through direct effects or as a result of the host's protective response to exposure. In this study several immune system parameters were assessed in workers (n = 61) with at least 5 years' exposure to asbestos at an industrial plant. Workers exposed to asbestos fibres had significantly increased levels of immunoglobulin E and concentrations of interleukin-6 and-8 in comparison with two sets of controls (in-plant and town control groups). The levels of soluble adhesion molecule ICAM-1 were higher in the exposed group compared to the town control group. Significantly increased levels of IgA were found in asbestos-exposed group in comparison to the town control. Evaluation of the expression of adhesion molecules on lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes by flow cytometry showed significant increases in the class of selectins CD62L on monocytes and granulocytes. Moreover, significantly increased expression of markers CD69 and CD66b on eosinophils was found among workers exposed to asbestos. In conclusion, exposure to asbestos fibres was found to have several effects on immune system. Alterations of these immune parameters may indicate hypersensitivity (increased levels of IgE, increased expression of activation markers CD66b and CD69 on eosinophils) and an elevated inflammatory status (increased levels of interleukins-IL-6, IL-8) in exposed workers.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59439696" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="11fa870388d000a32232b2c64afbfd52" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73361597,"asset_id":59439696,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73361597/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28848157" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LadislavaWsolova">Ladislava Wsolova</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28848157" type="text/json">{"id":28848157,"first_name":"Ladislava","last_name":"Wsolova","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LadislavaWsolova","display_name":"Ladislava Wsolova","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LadislavaWsolova?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_59439696 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="59439696"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59439696, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_59439696", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_59439696 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59439696; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_59439696"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_59439696 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59439696"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59439696; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59439696]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_59439696").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_59439696").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="59439696"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4553" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicology">Toxicology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4553" type="text/json">{"id":4553,"name":"Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry">Flow Cytometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6599" type="text/json">{"id":6599,"name":"Flow Cytometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47404" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asbestosis">Asbestosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47404" type="text/json">{"id":47404,"name":"Asbestosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asbestosis?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73920" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asbestos">Asbestos</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73920" type="text/json">{"id":73920,"name":"Asbestos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asbestos?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=59439696]'), work: {"id":59439696,"title":"Immunological monitoring in workers occupationally exposed to asbestos","created_at":"2021-10-21T23:35:54.005-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/59439696/Immunological_monitoring_in_workers_occupationally_exposed_to_asbestos?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_59439696","summary":"Occupational exposure to asbestos is strongly associated with pulmonary diseases, cancer and immunotoxic effects. Both systemic and local immunity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of these events. Immune cells appear to be influenced by asbestos exposure, either through direct effects or as a result of the host's protective response to exposure. In this study several immune system parameters were assessed in workers (n = 61) with at least 5 years' exposure to asbestos at an industrial plant. Workers exposed to asbestos fibres had significantly increased levels of immunoglobulin E and concentrations of interleukin-6 and-8 in comparison with two sets of controls (in-plant and town control groups). The levels of soluble adhesion molecule ICAM-1 were higher in the exposed group compared to the town control group. Significantly increased levels of IgA were found in asbestos-exposed group in comparison to the town control. Evaluation of the expression of adhesion molecules on lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes by flow cytometry showed significant increases in the class of selectins CD62L on monocytes and granulocytes. Moreover, significantly increased expression of markers CD69 and CD66b on eosinophils was found among workers exposed to asbestos. In conclusion, exposure to asbestos fibres was found to have several effects on immune system. Alterations of these immune parameters may indicate hypersensitivity (increased levels of IgE, increased expression of activation markers CD66b and CD69 on eosinophils) and an elevated inflammatory status (increased levels of interleukins-IL-6, IL-8) in exposed workers.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73361597,"asset_id":59439696,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28848157,"first_name":"Ladislava","last_name":"Wsolova","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LadislavaWsolova","display_name":"Ladislava Wsolova","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LadislavaWsolova?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4553,"name":"Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":6599,"name":"Flow Cytometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":47404,"name":"Asbestosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asbestosis?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":73920,"name":"Asbestos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asbestos?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":176180,"name":"Immunoglobulin E","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoglobulin_E?f_ri=324154"},{"id":280237,"name":"T lymphocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/T_lymphocytes?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":396914,"name":"Occupational Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Exposure?f_ri=324154"},{"id":518062,"name":"Interleukins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interleukins?f_ri=324154"},{"id":571886,"name":"Immunophenotyping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunophenotyping?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1266529,"name":"Pulmonary disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulmonary_disease?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1312086,"name":"Immunoglobulins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoglobulins?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1631043,"name":"Control Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Group?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1824499,"name":"Cell Adhesion Molecules","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Adhesion_Molecules?f_ri=324154"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50634297" data-work_id="50634297" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50634297/41_8_C_whole_body_hyperthermia_as_an_adjunct_to_chemotherapy_induces_prolonged_T_cell_activation_in_patients_with_various_malignant_diseases">41.8°C whole body hyperthermia as an adjunct to chemotherapy induces prolonged T cell activation in patients with various malignant diseases</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Whole body hyperthermia (WBH) has been used as an adjunct to radio-/chemotherapy in patients with various malignant diseases. Although clear evidence is still missing, it has been hypothesized that an activation of the immune system might... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50634297" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Whole body hyperthermia (WBH) has been used as an adjunct to radio-/chemotherapy in patients with various malignant diseases. Although clear evidence is still missing, it has been hypothesized that an activation of the immune system might contribute to the therapeutic effect of WBH. To examine whether a treatment with 60-minute 41.8°C WBH as an adjunct to chemotherapy (WBH-CT) induces an activation of T cells, blood samples were collected at numerous time points before and up to 48 h post-treatment. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of WBH-CT on the expression of a broad range of activation markers on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), on serum cytokines and intracellular cytokine levels in T cells, and the capacity of these cells to proliferate. Immediately after 41.8°C WBH-CT treatment, a drastic increase in peripheral natural killer (NK) cells (P<0.05) and CD56 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL; P<0.01) in the patients' peripheral blood was observed. At 5 h post-treatment, the percentages of both effector cell types had returned to baseline levels. This transient phenomenon was accompanied by a short period of reduced T cell activity, indicated by diminished serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) at 3 h post-WBH-CT (P<0.05) and decreased lymphocytic proliferation at the same point in time. This first phase was followed by a marked but short-lived increase in the patients' serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6; P<0.01) during the first 5 h following treatment, with a subsequent decrease to baseline levels at 24 h and significantly increased serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) at 0 h (P<0.01), 3 h (P<0.05), 5 h (P<0.05) and 24 h (P<0.01) post-WBH-CT. The third phase of the immunological consequences of WBH-CT consisted of an increase in the percentage of peripheral cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) expressing CD56, reaching a maximum at 48 h post-WBH (P<0.01). Furthermore, the percentage of CD4 + T cells expressing the T cell activation marker CD69 increased nearly twofold over time, reaching its maximum at 48 h (P<0.05). As an additional marker for T cell activation, serum levels of sIL-2R increased markedly (P<0.01), reaching maximum levels at the same point in time. Elevated intracellular concentrations of interferon-gamma (IFN-c) and/or TNF-a in CD8 + T cells were found in 4 out of 5 patients at 24 h post-WBH-CT. Since similar changes were not observed in patients receiving chemotherapy alone, this is the first study to provide evidence for prolonged WBH-CT-induced activation of human T cells.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50634297" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1a2f417300987c1149e28748d2ba03be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68542852,"asset_id":50634297,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68542852/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35477067" href="https://uke.academia.edu/AxelNierhaus">Axel Nierhaus</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35477067" type="text/json">{"id":35477067,"first_name":"Axel","last_name":"Nierhaus","domain_name":"uke","page_name":"AxelNierhaus","display_name":"Axel Nierhaus","profile_url":"https://uke.academia.edu/AxelNierhaus?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50634297 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50634297"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50634297, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50634297", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50634297 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50634297; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50634297"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50634297 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50634297"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50634297; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50634297]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50634297").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50634297").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50634297"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1290" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology">Immunology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1290" type="text/json">{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2702" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response">Immune response</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2702" type="text/json">{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer">Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6021" type="text/json">{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8942" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment">Treatment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8942" type="text/json">{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50634297]'), work: {"id":50634297,"title":"41.8°C whole body hyperthermia as an adjunct to chemotherapy induces prolonged T cell activation in patients with various malignant diseases","created_at":"2021-08-03T04:33:45.189-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50634297/41_8_C_whole_body_hyperthermia_as_an_adjunct_to_chemotherapy_induces_prolonged_T_cell_activation_in_patients_with_various_malignant_diseases?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_50634297","summary":"Whole body hyperthermia (WBH) has been used as an adjunct to radio-/chemotherapy in patients with various malignant diseases. Although clear evidence is still missing, it has been hypothesized that an activation of the immune system might contribute to the therapeutic effect of WBH. To examine whether a treatment with 60-minute 41.8°C WBH as an adjunct to chemotherapy (WBH-CT) induces an activation of T cells, blood samples were collected at numerous time points before and up to 48 h post-treatment. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of WBH-CT on the expression of a broad range of activation markers on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), on serum cytokines and intracellular cytokine levels in T cells, and the capacity of these cells to proliferate. Immediately after 41.8°C WBH-CT treatment, a drastic increase in peripheral natural killer (NK) cells (P\u003c0.05) and CD56 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL; P\u003c0.01) in the patients' peripheral blood was observed. At 5 h post-treatment, the percentages of both effector cell types had returned to baseline levels. This transient phenomenon was accompanied by a short period of reduced T cell activity, indicated by diminished serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) at 3 h post-WBH-CT (P\u003c0.05) and decreased lymphocytic proliferation at the same point in time. This first phase was followed by a marked but short-lived increase in the patients' serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6; P\u003c0.01) during the first 5 h following treatment, with a subsequent decrease to baseline levels at 24 h and significantly increased serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) at 0 h (P\u003c0.01), 3 h (P\u003c0.05), 5 h (P\u003c0.05) and 24 h (P\u003c0.01) post-WBH-CT. The third phase of the immunological consequences of WBH-CT consisted of an increase in the percentage of peripheral cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) expressing CD56, reaching a maximum at 48 h post-WBH (P\u003c0.01). Furthermore, the percentage of CD4 + T cells expressing the T cell activation marker CD69 increased nearly twofold over time, reaching its maximum at 48 h (P\u003c0.05). As an additional marker for T cell activation, serum levels of sIL-2R increased markedly (P\u003c0.01), reaching maximum levels at the same point in time. Elevated intracellular concentrations of interferon-gamma (IFN-c) and/or TNF-a in CD8 + T cells were found in 4 out of 5 patients at 24 h post-WBH-CT. Since similar changes were not observed in patients receiving chemotherapy alone, this is the first study to provide evidence for prolonged WBH-CT-induced activation of human T cells.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68542852,"asset_id":50634297,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35477067,"first_name":"Axel","last_name":"Nierhaus","domain_name":"uke","page_name":"AxelNierhaus","display_name":"Axel Nierhaus","profile_url":"https://uke.academia.edu/AxelNierhaus?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":37912,"name":"Cancer Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Immunology?f_ri=324154"},{"id":70247,"name":"Natural Killer cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Killer_cells?f_ri=324154"},{"id":103298,"name":"Blood sampling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_sampling?f_ri=324154"},{"id":295274,"name":"Peripheral blood lymphocyte","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_blood_lymphocyte?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":662855,"name":"T cell activation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/T_cell_activation?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1274831,"name":"NK Cell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NK_Cell?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1669597,"name":"Whole Body Hyperthermia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Whole_Body_Hyperthermia?f_ri=324154"},{"id":3608309,"name":"tumor immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/tumor_immunity?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48118751" data-work_id="48118751" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48118751/Current_view_of_the_immunopathogenesis_in_inflammatory_bowel_disease_and_its_implications_for_therapy">Current view of the immunopathogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease and its implications for therapy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Al though the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unknown, the pathogenesis is gradually being unravelled, seeming to be the result of a combination of environmental, genetic, and immunological factors in which an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48118751" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Al though the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unknown, the pathogenesis is gradually being unravelled, seeming to be the result of a combination of environmental, genetic, and immunological factors in which an uncontrolled immune response within the intestinal lumen leads to inflammation in genetically predisposed individuals. Multifactorial evidence suggests that a defect of innate immune response to microbial agents is involved in IBD. This editorial outlines the immunopathogenesis of IBD and their current and future therapy. We present IBD as a result of dysregulated mucosal response in the intestinal wall facilitated by defects in epithelial barrier function and the mucosal immune system with excessive production of cytokines growth factors, adhesion molecules, and reactive oxygen metabolites, resulting in tissue injury. Established and evolving therapies are discussed in the second part of this editorial and at the end of this section we review new therapi...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48118751" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="035fb84e27cd131a9d011a660bde186b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66896775,"asset_id":48118751,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66896775/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35683457" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MTorres5">M. Torres</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35683457" type="text/json">{"id":35683457,"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Torres","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MTorres5","display_name":"M. Torres","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MTorres5?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48118751 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48118751"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48118751, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48118751", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48118751 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48118751; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_48118751"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48118751 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48118751"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48118751; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48118751]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48118751").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48118751").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48118751"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2702" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response">Immune response</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2702" type="text/json">{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4542" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Probiotics">Probiotics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4542" type="text/json">{"id":4542,"name":"Probiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Probiotics?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9111" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines">Cytokines</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9111" type="text/json">{"id":9111,"name":"Cytokines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48118751]'), work: {"id":48118751,"title":"Current view of the immunopathogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease and its implications for therapy","created_at":"2021-05-04T01:22:58.461-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48118751/Current_view_of_the_immunopathogenesis_in_inflammatory_bowel_disease_and_its_implications_for_therapy?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_48118751","summary":"Al though the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unknown, the pathogenesis is gradually being unravelled, seeming to be the result of a combination of environmental, genetic, and immunological factors in which an uncontrolled immune response within the intestinal lumen leads to inflammation in genetically predisposed individuals. Multifactorial evidence suggests that a defect of innate immune response to microbial agents is involved in IBD. This editorial outlines the immunopathogenesis of IBD and their current and future therapy. We present IBD as a result of dysregulated mucosal response in the intestinal wall facilitated by defects in epithelial barrier function and the mucosal immune system with excessive production of cytokines growth factors, adhesion molecules, and reactive oxygen metabolites, resulting in tissue injury. Established and evolving therapies are discussed in the second part of this editorial and at the end of this section we review new therapi...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66896775,"asset_id":48118751,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35683457,"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Torres","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MTorres5","display_name":"M. Torres","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MTorres5?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":4542,"name":"Probiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Probiotics?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":9111,"name":"Cytokines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=324154"},{"id":22052,"name":"Flavonoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flavonoids?f_ri=324154"},{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=324154"},{"id":59366,"name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammatory_Bowel_Disease?f_ri=324154"},{"id":82978,"name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reactive_Oxygen_Species?f_ri=324154"},{"id":83691,"name":"Ulcerative colitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ulcerative_colitis?f_ri=324154"},{"id":106229,"name":"Intestinal barrier function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intestinal_barrier_function?f_ri=324154"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":452474,"name":"Dietary fiber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dietary_fiber?f_ri=324154"},{"id":951344,"name":"Growth Factor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Factor?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1318180,"name":"Mucosal Immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mucosal_Immunity?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1810568,"name":"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammatory_Bowel_Diseases?f_ri=324154"},{"id":3026219,"name":"innate immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/innate_immune_response?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3210196" data-work_id="3210196" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3210196/Celecoxib_as_adjunctive_therapy_in_schizophrenia_A_double_blind_randomized_and_placebo_controlled_trial">Celecoxib as adjunctive therapy in schizophrenia: A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Some evidence suggests that the pathophysiology of schizophrenia is associated with the abnormal immune system, and cytokines may be important in schizophrenia. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors such as celecoxib reduce the production... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3210196" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Some evidence suggests that the pathophysiology of schizophrenia is associated with the abnormal immune system, and cytokines may be important in schizophrenia. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors such as celecoxib reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines including Th1-like cytokines. Indeed, COX-2 inhibitors rebalance type-1 and type-2 immune response. The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the efficacy of celecoxib as an adjuvant agent in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia in an eight-week, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Eligible participants in this study were 60 patients with chronic schizophrenia. All patients were inpatients and were in the active phase of the illness, and met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia. Patients were allocated in a random fashion, 30 to risperidone 6 mg/day plus celecoxib 400 mg/day (200 mg bid) (morning and evening) and 30 to risperidone 6 mg/day plus placebo. Although both protocols significantly decreased the score of the positive, negative and general psychopathological symptoms over the trial period, the combination of risperidone and celecoxib showed a significant superiority over risperidone alone in the treatment of positive symptoms, general psychopathology symptoms as well as PANSS total scores. The means Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale for the placebo group were higher than in the celecoxib group over the trial. However, the differences were not significant. The results of this study suggest that celecoxib may be an effective adjuvant agent in the management of patients with chronic schizophrenia and anti-inflammatory therapies should be further investigated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3210196" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6da23aed377d17609dca0f097311bc11" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50410882,"asset_id":3210196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50410882/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3670967" href="https://independent.academia.edu/aliahmadi11">ali ahmadi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3670967" type="text/json">{"id":3670967,"first_name":"ali","last_name":"ahmadi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"aliahmadi11","display_name":"ali ahmadi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/aliahmadi11?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3210196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3210196"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3210196, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3210196", }); 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Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors such as celecoxib reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines including Th1-like cytokines. Indeed, COX-2 inhibitors rebalance type-1 and type-2 immune response. The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the efficacy of celecoxib as an adjuvant agent in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia in an eight-week, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Eligible participants in this study were 60 patients with chronic schizophrenia. All patients were inpatients and were in the active phase of the illness, and met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia. Patients were allocated in a random fashion, 30 to risperidone 6 mg/day plus celecoxib 400 mg/day (200 mg bid) (morning and evening) and 30 to risperidone 6 mg/day plus placebo. Although both protocols significantly decreased the score of the positive, negative and general psychopathological symptoms over the trial period, the combination of risperidone and celecoxib showed a significant superiority over risperidone alone in the treatment of positive symptoms, general psychopathology symptoms as well as PANSS total scores. The means Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale for the placebo group were higher than in the celecoxib group over the trial. However, the differences were not significant. The results of this study suggest that celecoxib may be an effective adjuvant agent in the management of patients with chronic schizophrenia and anti-inflammatory therapies should be further investigated.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50410882,"asset_id":3210196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3670967,"first_name":"ali","last_name":"ahmadi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"aliahmadi11","display_name":"ali ahmadi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/aliahmadi11?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":9111,"name":"Cytokines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":41274,"name":"Iran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iran?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":97269,"name":"Chronic Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Disease?f_ri=324154"},{"id":194055,"name":"Randomised Controlled Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Randomised_Controlled_Trial?f_ri=324154"},{"id":245071,"name":"Rating Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rating_Scale?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":425882,"name":"RISPERIDONE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RISPERIDONE?f_ri=324154"},{"id":572282,"name":"Combination drug therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combination_drug_therapy?f_ri=324154"},{"id":801412,"name":"Pyrazoles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyrazoles?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2467529,"name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric_Status_Rating_Scales?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3297499" data-work_id="3297499" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3297499/Polychlorinated_Biphenyls_and_Chlorinated_Pesticides_in_Mussels_Collected_from_the_Egyptian_Mediterranean_Coast">Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Chlorinated Pesticides in Mussels Collected from the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, chlordanerelated compounds (CHLs), mirex, hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), dieldrin, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3297499" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, chlordanerelated compounds (CHLs), mirex, hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), dieldrin, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were determined in blubber of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) from the northwestern Atlantic coast. PCBs, DDTs, and CHLs were the major persistent organochlorines in harbor seal blubber, while mirex, HCHs, dieldrin, and HCB were minor contaminants. Highest concentrations were found in the adult males, followed by the pups, yearlings, adult females, and fetuses. DDT and PCB concentrations have declined from the high levels reported in the early 1970s, but no declines were observed in our samples over the ten-year period 1991-2001. DDT/PCB ratios were indicative of a more rapid decline of DDTs than PCBs, while ratios of p,p 0 -DDE/DDT were indicative of a metabolic ''weathering'' of DDT. The population appears to be susceptible to disease outbreaks, as evidenced by a recurrence of viral epizootics since the late 1970s. The PCB burdens in these seals are similar to levels reported in seals from polluted regions of Europe and Asia, and exceed the estimated threshold levels for adverse reproductive and immune system effects in the species.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3297499" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ac00a5dffdd3e8af00163686485b71ec" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50356643,"asset_id":3297499,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50356643/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2787864" href="https://niof.academia.edu/AhmedElNemr">Ahmed El Nemr</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2787864" type="text/json">{"id":2787864,"first_name":"Ahmed","last_name":"El Nemr","domain_name":"niof","page_name":"AhmedElNemr","display_name":"Ahmed El Nemr","profile_url":"https://niof.academia.edu/AhmedElNemr?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2787864/911598/115561425/s65_ahmed.el_nemr.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3297499 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3297499"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3297499, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3297499", }); 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PCBs, DDTs, and CHLs were the major persistent organochlorines in harbor seal blubber, while mirex, HCHs, dieldrin, and HCB were minor contaminants. Highest concentrations were found in the adult males, followed by the pups, yearlings, adult females, and fetuses. DDT and PCB concentrations have declined from the high levels reported in the early 1970s, but no declines were observed in our samples over the ten-year period 1991-2001. DDT/PCB ratios were indicative of a more rapid decline of DDTs than PCBs, while ratios of p,p 0 -DDE/DDT were indicative of a metabolic ''weathering'' of DDT. The population appears to be susceptible to disease outbreaks, as evidenced by a recurrence of viral epizootics since the late 1970s. The PCB burdens in these seals are similar to levels reported in seals from polluted regions of Europe and Asia, and exceed the estimated threshold levels for adverse reproductive and immune system effects in the species.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50356643,"asset_id":3297499,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2787864,"first_name":"Ahmed","last_name":"El Nemr","domain_name":"niof","page_name":"AhmedElNemr","display_name":"Ahmed El Nemr","profile_url":"https://niof.academia.edu/AhmedElNemr?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2787864/911598/115561425/s65_ahmed.el_nemr.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":12537,"name":"Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egypt?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=324154"},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=324154"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=324154"},{"id":50243,"name":"Mediterranean Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Sea?f_ri=324154"},{"id":52489,"name":"Adipose 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Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Toxicology_and_Chemistry?f_ri=324154"},{"id":985648,"name":"Phoca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phoca?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1312021,"name":"Environmental Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Exposure?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5073531" data-work_id="5073531" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5073531/Antagonistic_Control_of_Disease_Resistance_Protein_Stability_in_the_Plant_Immune_System">Antagonistic Control of Disease Resistance Protein Stability in the Plant Immune System</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Pathogen recognition by the plant immune system is governed by structurally related, polymorphic products of disease resistance (R) genes. RAR1 and/or SGT1b mediate the function of many R proteins. RAR1 controls preactivation R protein... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5073531" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Pathogen recognition by the plant immune system is governed by structurally related, polymorphic products of disease resistance (R) genes. RAR1 and/or SGT1b mediate the function of many R proteins. RAR1 controls preactivation R protein accumulation by an unknown mechanism. We demonstrate that Arabidopsis SGT1b has two distinct, genetically separable functions in the plant immune system: SGT1b antagonizes RAR1 to negatively regulate R protein accumulation before infection, and SGT1b has a RAR1-independent function that regulates programmed cell death during infection. The balanced activities of RAR1 and SGT1, in concert with cytosolic HSP90, modulate preactivation R protein accumulation and signaling competence.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5073531" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4b0988a4a515fce87c7a977a6c5beb80" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49460741,"asset_id":5073531,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49460741/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6785519" href="https://bu.academia.edu/benholt">ben holt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6785519" type="text/json">{"id":6785519,"first_name":"ben","last_name":"holt","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"benholt","display_name":"ben holt","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/benholt?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5073531 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5073531"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5073531, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5073531", }); 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RAR1 and/or SGT1b mediate the function of many R proteins. RAR1 controls preactivation R protein accumulation by an unknown mechanism. We demonstrate that Arabidopsis SGT1b has two distinct, genetically separable functions in the plant immune system: SGT1b antagonizes RAR1 to negatively regulate R protein accumulation before infection, and SGT1b has a RAR1-independent function that regulates programmed cell death during infection. The balanced activities of RAR1 and SGT1, in concert with cytosolic HSP90, modulate preactivation R protein accumulation and signaling competence.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49460741,"asset_id":5073531,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6785519,"first_name":"ben","last_name":"holt","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"benholt","display_name":"ben holt","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/benholt?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":3855,"name":"Polymorphism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymorphism?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":6779,"name":"Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=324154"},{"id":38443,"name":"Protein Stability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Stability?f_ri=324154"},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=324154"},{"id":66973,"name":"Plant diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_diseases?f_ri=324154"},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=324154"},{"id":105062,"name":"Disease resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_resistance?f_ri=324154"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=324154"},{"id":159033,"name":"Genetic determinism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_determinism?f_ri=324154"},{"id":175490,"name":"Programmed cell death","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Programmed_cell_death?f_ri=324154"},{"id":202413,"name":"Arabidopsis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabidopsis?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":983317,"name":"Cell Cycle Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle_Proteins?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1015202,"name":"Hypersensitivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypersensitivity?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1181939,"name":"PLANT PROTEINS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLANT_PROTEINS?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2142568,"name":"Thallophyta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thallophyta?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5847696" data-work_id="5847696" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5847696/Emotional_Stress_Induced_by_Parachute_Jumping_Enhances_Blood_Nerve_Growth_Factor_Levels_and_the_Distribution_of_Nerve_Growth_Factor_Receptors_in_Lymphocytes">Emotional Stress Induced by Parachute Jumping Enhances Blood Nerve Growth Factor Levels and the Distribution of Nerve Growth Factor Receptors in Lymphocytes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We examined the plasma nerve growth factor (NGF) level and the distribution ofNGF receptors in peripheral lymphocytes of young sodiers (mean age, 20-24 yr) experiencing the thrill of a novice about to make their first parachute jumps.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5847696" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We examined the plasma nerve growth factor (NGF) level and the distribution ofNGF receptors in peripheral lymphocytes of young sodiers (mean age, 20-24 yr) experiencing the thrill of a novice about to make their first parachute jumps. Blood was collected from soldiers who knew they were selected to jump (n = 26), as well as from soldiers who knew they were not selected (a = 17, controls). The former group was sampled the evening before the jump and 20 min after landing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5847696" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6d8b7c0443253ae775cecd8efea86309" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49113191,"asset_id":5847696,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49113191/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8614434" href="https://iss-it.academia.edu/EnricoAlleva">Enrico Alleva</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8614434" type="text/json">{"id":8614434,"first_name":"Enrico","last_name":"Alleva","domain_name":"iss-it","page_name":"EnricoAlleva","display_name":"Enrico Alleva","profile_url":"https://iss-it.academia.edu/EnricoAlleva?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8614434/6546160/7401516/s65_enrico.alleva.jpg_oh_b73e843a53b907f5ec5c7639490ddc68_oe_552804e3___gda___1428446162_1906767a27a23ddfd2c422d255af38f1"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5847696 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5847696"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5847696, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5847696", }); 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Blood was collected from soldiers who knew they were selected to jump (n = 26), as well as from soldiers who knew they were not selected (a = 17, controls). The former group was sampled the evening before the jump and 20 min after landing.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49113191,"asset_id":5847696,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8614434,"first_name":"Enrico","last_name":"Alleva","domain_name":"iss-it","page_name":"EnricoAlleva","display_name":"Enrico Alleva","profile_url":"https://iss-it.academia.edu/EnricoAlleva?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8614434/6546160/7401516/s65_enrico.alleva.jpg_oh_b73e843a53b907f5ec5c7639490ddc68_oe_552804e3___gda___1428446162_1906767a27a23ddfd2c422d255af38f1"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":12100,"name":"Aviation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aviation?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":58431,"name":"Cortisol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortisol?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":474029,"name":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_necrosis_factor-alpha?f_ri=324154"},{"id":564888,"name":"Adrenocorticotropic Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adrenocorticotropic_Hormone?f_ri=324154"},{"id":792141,"name":"Nerve Growth Factor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nerve_Growth_Factor?f_ri=324154"},{"id":868560,"name":"Lymphocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymphocytes?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1000427,"name":"Reference Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Values?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23051952 coauthored" data-work_id="23051952" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23051952/CD1d_lipid_antigen_recognition_by_the_semi_invariant_NKT_T_cell_receptor">CD1d–lipid-antigen recognition by the semi-invariant NKT T-cell receptor</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The CD1 family is a large cluster of non-polymorphic, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I-like molecules that bind distinct lipid-based antigens that are recognized by T cells. The most studied group of T cells that interact... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23051952" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The CD1 family is a large cluster of non-polymorphic, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I-like molecules that bind distinct lipid-based antigens that are recognized by T cells. The most studied group of T cells that interact with lipid antigens are natural killer T (NKT) cells, which characteristically express a semi-invariant T-cell receptor (NKT TCR) that specifically recognizes the CD1 family member, CD1d. NKT-cell-mediated recognition of the CD1d-antigen complex has been implicated in microbial immunity, tumour immunity, autoimmunity and allergy. Here we describe the structure of a human NKT TCR in complex with CD1d bound to the potent NKT-cell agonist a-galactosylceramide, the archetypal CD1d-restricted glycolipid. In contrast to T-cell receptor-peptide-antigen-MHC complexes, the NKT TCR docked parallel to, and at the extreme end of the CD1d-binding cleft, which enables a lock-and-key type interaction with the lipid antigen. The structure provides a basis for the interaction between the highly conserved NKT TCR a-chain and the CD1d-antigen complex that is typified in innate immunity, and also indicates how variability of the NKT TCR b-chain can impact on recognition of other CD1d-antigen complexes. These findings provide direct insight into how a T-cell receptor recognizes a lipid-antigen-presenting molecule of the immune system.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23051952" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6e3d7df0353856b0cb74d11689fd4789" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43556677,"asset_id":23051952,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43556677/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44789569" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JamesMcCluskey3">James McCluskey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44789569" type="text/json">{"id":44789569,"first_name":"James","last_name":"McCluskey","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JamesMcCluskey3","display_name":"James McCluskey","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JamesMcCluskey3?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-23051952">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-23051952"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/NatalieBorg1">Natalie Borg</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-23051952'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-23051952').html(); 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The most studied group of T cells that interact with lipid antigens are natural killer T (NKT) cells, which characteristically express a semi-invariant T-cell receptor (NKT TCR) that specifically recognizes the CD1 family member, CD1d. NKT-cell-mediated recognition of the CD1d-antigen complex has been implicated in microbial immunity, tumour immunity, autoimmunity and allergy. Here we describe the structure of a human NKT TCR in complex with CD1d bound to the potent NKT-cell agonist a-galactosylceramide, the archetypal CD1d-restricted glycolipid. In contrast to T-cell receptor-peptide-antigen-MHC complexes, the NKT TCR docked parallel to, and at the extreme end of the CD1d-binding cleft, which enables a lock-and-key type interaction with the lipid antigen. The structure provides a basis for the interaction between the highly conserved NKT TCR a-chain and the CD1d-antigen complex that is typified in innate immunity, and also indicates how variability of the NKT TCR b-chain can impact on recognition of other CD1d-antigen complexes. These findings provide direct insight into how a T-cell receptor recognizes a lipid-antigen-presenting molecule of the immune system.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43556677,"asset_id":23051952,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44789569,"first_name":"James","last_name":"McCluskey","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JamesMcCluskey3","display_name":"James McCluskey","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JamesMcCluskey3?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":129201392,"first_name":"Natalie","last_name":"Borg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NatalieBorg1","display_name":"Natalie 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Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Science?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1330386,"name":"MHC class I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MHC_class_I?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16288270" data-work_id="16288270" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16288270/Plasma_levels_of_cytokines_and_soluble_cytokine_receptors_in_psychiatric_patients_upon_hospital_admission_effects_of_confounding_factors_and_diagnosis">Plasma levels of cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors in psychiatric patients upon hospital admission: effects of confounding factors and diagnosis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It has been hypothesized that the immune system plays a pathogenetic role in psychiatric disorders, in particular in major depression and schizophrenia. This hypothesis is supported by a number of reports on altered circulating levels and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16288270" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It has been hypothesized that the immune system plays a pathogenetic role in psychiatric disorders, in particular in major depression and schizophrenia. This hypothesis is supported by a number of reports on altered circulating levels and in vitro production of cytokines in these disorders. However, the respective evidence is not consistent. This may be in part due to an incomplete control for numerous confounding in¯uences in earlier studies. We investigated the plasma levels of cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors in psychiatric patients (N = 361) upon hospital admission and compared the results to those obtained in healthy controls (N = 64). By multiple regression analysis we found that circulating levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), soluble TNF receptors (sTNF-R p55, sTNF-R p75) and IL-6 were signi®cantly aected by age, the body mass index (BMI), gender, smoking habits, ongoing or recent infectious diseases, or prior medication. Cytokine or cytokine receptor levels were signi®cantly increased in patients treated with clozapine (sIL-2R, sTNF-R p75), lithium (TNF-a, sTNF-R p75, IL-6) or benzodiazepines (TNF-a, sTNF-R p75). Taking all these confounding factors into account, we found no evidence for disease-related alterations in the levels of IL-1Ra, sIL-2R, sTNF-R p75 and IL-6, whereas levels of TNF-a and sTNF-R p55 in major depression and sTNF-R p55 in schizophrenia were slightly decreased compared to healthy controls. We conclude that, if confounding factors are carefully taken into account, plasma levels of the above mentioned cytokines and cytokine receptors yield little, if any, evidence for immunopathology in schizophrenia or major depression. #</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16288270" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="08015eddddc5d2fdcbaf9e252b0f36ce" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42563046,"asset_id":16288270,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42563046/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35381675" href="https://uni-kiel.academia.edu/DunjaHinzeselch">Dunja Hinze-selch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35381675" type="text/json">{"id":35381675,"first_name":"Dunja","last_name":"Hinze-selch","domain_name":"uni-kiel","page_name":"DunjaHinzeselch","display_name":"Dunja Hinze-selch","profile_url":"https://uni-kiel.academia.edu/DunjaHinzeselch?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16288270 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16288270"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16288270, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16288270", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16288270 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16288270; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16288270"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16288270 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16288270"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16288270; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16288270]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16288270").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16288270").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16288270"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">26</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3227" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3227" type="text/json">{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4515" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY">PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4515" type="text/json">{"id":4515,"name":"PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9111" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines">Cytokines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9111" type="text/json">{"id":9111,"name":"Cytokines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="77794" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Major_Depressive_Disorder">Major Depressive Disorder</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="77794" type="text/json">{"id":77794,"name":"Major Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Major_Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16288270]'), work: {"id":16288270,"title":"Plasma levels of cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors in psychiatric patients upon hospital admission: effects of confounding factors and diagnosis","created_at":"2015-09-29T01:39:26.588-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16288270/Plasma_levels_of_cytokines_and_soluble_cytokine_receptors_in_psychiatric_patients_upon_hospital_admission_effects_of_confounding_factors_and_diagnosis?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_16288270","summary":"It has been hypothesized that the immune system plays a pathogenetic role in psychiatric disorders, in particular in major depression and schizophrenia. This hypothesis is supported by a number of reports on altered circulating levels and in vitro production of cytokines in these disorders. However, the respective evidence is not consistent. This may be in part due to an incomplete control for numerous confounding in¯uences in earlier studies. We investigated the plasma levels of cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors in psychiatric patients (N = 361) upon hospital admission and compared the results to those obtained in healthy controls (N = 64). By multiple regression analysis we found that circulating levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), soluble TNF receptors (sTNF-R p55, sTNF-R p75) and IL-6 were signi®cantly aected by age, the body mass index (BMI), gender, smoking habits, ongoing or recent infectious diseases, or prior medication. Cytokine or cytokine receptor levels were signi®cantly increased in patients treated with clozapine (sIL-2R, sTNF-R p75), lithium (TNF-a, sTNF-R p75, IL-6) or benzodiazepines (TNF-a, sTNF-R p75). Taking all these confounding factors into account, we found no evidence for disease-related alterations in the levels of IL-1Ra, sIL-2R, sTNF-R p75 and IL-6, whereas levels of TNF-a and sTNF-R p55 in major depression and sTNF-R p55 in schizophrenia were slightly decreased compared to healthy controls. We conclude that, if confounding factors are carefully taken into account, plasma levels of the above mentioned cytokines and cytokine receptors yield little, if any, evidence for immunopathology in schizophrenia or major depression. #","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42563046,"asset_id":16288270,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35381675,"first_name":"Dunja","last_name":"Hinze-selch","domain_name":"uni-kiel","page_name":"DunjaHinzeselch","display_name":"Dunja Hinze-selch","profile_url":"https://uni-kiel.academia.edu/DunjaHinzeselch?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":4515,"name":"PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":9111,"name":"Cytokines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":77794,"name":"Major Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Major_Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":81309,"name":"Infectious Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_Disease?f_ri=324154"},{"id":151448,"name":"American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American?f_ri=324154"},{"id":157943,"name":"Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=324154"},{"id":162159,"name":"Differential Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_Diagnosis?f_ri=324154"},{"id":171144,"name":"Mental Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Disorders?f_ri=324154"},{"id":192564,"name":"Body Mass Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Mass_Index?f_ri=324154"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=324154"},{"id":194640,"name":"Patient Admission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Admission?f_ri=324154"},{"id":207708,"name":"In Vitro Embryo Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Vitro_Embryo_Production?f_ri=324154"},{"id":240716,"name":"Body Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Temperature?f_ri=324154"},{"id":251019,"name":"Haloperidol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haloperidol?f_ri=324154"},{"id":311947,"name":"Major Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Major_Depression?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":353233,"name":"Body mass index (BMI)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_mass_index_BMI_?f_ri=324154"},{"id":474029,"name":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_necrosis_factor-alpha?f_ri=324154"},{"id":484415,"name":"Multiple regression analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_regression_analysis?f_ri=324154"},{"id":606036,"name":"Psychotropic Drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotropic_Drugs?f_ri=324154"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=324154"},{"id":621186,"name":"Psychiatric","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1000427,"name":"Reference Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Values?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1029004,"name":"Tumor Necrosis Factor–α (TNF)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_Necrosis_Factor-_TNF_?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1863718,"name":"The American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_American?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19112091" data-work_id="19112091" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19112091/The_Ruthenium_Complex_cis_Dichloro_Tetraammineruthenium_III_Chloride_Presents_Immune_Stimulatory_Activity_on_Human_Peripheral_Blood_Mononuclear_Cells">The Ruthenium Complex cis-(Dichloro)Tetraammineruthenium(III) Chloride Presents Immune Stimulatory Activity on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ruthenium compounds in general are well suited for medicinal applications. They have been investigated as immunosuppressants, nitric oxide scavengers, antimicrobial agents, and antimalarials. The aim of this study is to evaluate the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19112091" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ruthenium compounds in general are well suited for medicinal applications. They have been investigated as immunosuppressants, nitric oxide scavengers, antimicrobial agents, and antimalarials. The aim of this study is to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of cis-(dichloro)tetraammineruthenium(III) chloride (cis-[RuCl 2 (NH 3 ) 4 ]Cl) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The cytotoxic studies performed here revealed that the ruthenium(III) complex presents a cytotoxic activity towards normal human PBMC, only at very high concentration. Results also showed that cis-[RuCl 2 (NH 3 ) 4 ]Cl presents</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19112091" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d18ec98b47c095384a30fbd09d84656a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40438209,"asset_id":19112091,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40438209/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39295853" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WagnerSantos44">Wagner Santos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39295853" type="text/json">{"id":39295853,"first_name":"Wagner","last_name":"Santos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WagnerSantos44","display_name":"Wagner Santos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WagnerSantos44?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19112091 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19112091"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19112091, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19112091", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19112091 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19112091; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19112091"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19112091 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19112091"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19112091; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19112091]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19112091").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19112091").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19112091"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="93922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitric_oxide">Nitric oxide</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="93922" type="text/json">{"id":93922,"name":"Nitric oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitric_oxide?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="120789" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design">Drug Design</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="120789" type="text/json">{"id":120789,"name":"Drug Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="224577" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trace_Elements">Trace Elements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="224577" type="text/json">{"id":224577,"name":"Trace Elements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trace_Elements?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="295274" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_blood_lymphocyte">Peripheral blood lymphocyte</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="295274" type="text/json">{"id":295274,"name":"Peripheral blood lymphocyte","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_blood_lymphocyte?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19112091]'), work: {"id":19112091,"title":"The Ruthenium Complex cis-(Dichloro)Tetraammineruthenium(III) Chloride Presents Immune Stimulatory Activity on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells","created_at":"2015-11-27T12:43:28.293-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19112091/The_Ruthenium_Complex_cis_Dichloro_Tetraammineruthenium_III_Chloride_Presents_Immune_Stimulatory_Activity_on_Human_Peripheral_Blood_Mononuclear_Cells?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_19112091","summary":"Ruthenium compounds in general are well suited for medicinal applications. They have been investigated as immunosuppressants, nitric oxide scavengers, antimicrobial agents, and antimalarials. The aim of this study is to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of cis-(dichloro)tetraammineruthenium(III) chloride (cis-[RuCl 2 (NH 3 ) 4 ]Cl) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The cytotoxic studies performed here revealed that the ruthenium(III) complex presents a cytotoxic activity towards normal human PBMC, only at very high concentration. Results also showed that cis-[RuCl 2 (NH 3 ) 4 ]Cl presents","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40438209,"asset_id":19112091,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39295853,"first_name":"Wagner","last_name":"Santos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WagnerSantos44","display_name":"Wagner Santos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WagnerSantos44?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":93922,"name":"Nitric oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitric_oxide?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":120789,"name":"Drug Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":224577,"name":"Trace Elements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trace_Elements?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":295274,"name":"Peripheral blood lymphocyte","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_blood_lymphocyte?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":382460,"name":"Cytotoxic Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytotoxic_Activity?f_ri=324154"},{"id":709300,"name":"Trace element","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trace_element?f_ri=324154"},{"id":782251,"name":"Cell Proliferation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Proliferation?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1003462,"name":"Sperm Dna Fragmentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sperm_Dna_Fragmentation?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1212103,"name":"Antineoplastic Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antineoplastic_Agents?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1924712,"name":"Interleukin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interleukin?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18942907 coauthored" data-work_id="18942907" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18942907/A_Possible_Mechanism_behind_Autoimmune_Disorders_Discovered_By_Genome_Wide_Linkage_and_Association_Analysis_in_Celiac_Disease">A Possible Mechanism behind Autoimmune Disorders Discovered By Genome-Wide Linkage and Association Analysis in Celiac Disease</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Celiac disease is a common autoimmune disorder characterized by an intestinal inflammation triggered by gluten, a storage protein found in wheat, rye and barley. Similar to other autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, psoriasis and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18942907" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Celiac disease is a common autoimmune disorder characterized by an intestinal inflammation triggered by gluten, a storage protein found in wheat, rye and barley. Similar to other autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease is the result of an immune response to self-antigens leading to tissue destruction and production of autoantibodies. Common diseases like celiac disease have a complex pattern of inheritance with inputs from both environmental as well as additive and non-additive genetic factors. In the past few years, Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have been successful in finding genetic risk variants behind many common diseases and traits. To complement and add to the previous findings, we performed a GWAS including 206 trios from 97 nuclear Swedish and Norwegian families affected with celiac disease. By stratifying for HLA-DQ, we identified a new genome-wide significant risk locus covering the DUSP10 gene. To further investigate the associations from the GWAS we performed pathway analyses and two-locus interaction analyses. These analyses showed an over-representation of genes involved in type 2 diabetes and identified a set of candidate mechanisms and genes of which some were selected for mRNA expression analysis using small intestinal biopsies from 98 patients. Several genes were expressed differently in the small intestinal mucosa from patients with celiac autoimmunity compared to intestinal mucosa from control patients. From top-scoring regions we identified susceptibility genes in several categories: 1) polarity and epithelial cell functionality; 2) intestinal smooth muscle; 3) growth and energy homeostasis, including proline and glutamine metabolism; and finally 4) innate and adaptive immune system. These genes and pathways, including specific functions of DUSP10, together reveal a new potential biological mechanism that could influence the genesis of celiac disease, and possibly also other chronic disorders with an inflammatory component.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18942907" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="483ea5025ddc5bfb29bb404cdcc6c1f9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40342642,"asset_id":18942907,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40342642/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39076587" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SAdamovic">Svetlana Adamovic</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39076587" type="text/json">{"id":39076587,"first_name":"Svetlana","last_name":"Adamovic","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SAdamovic","display_name":"Svetlana Adamovic","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SAdamovic?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-18942907">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-18942907"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/LarsBrowaldh">Lars Browaldh</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-18942907'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-18942907').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18942907 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18942907"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18942907; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18942907]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18942907").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18942907").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18942907"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12320" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmunity">Autoimmunity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12320" type="text/json">{"id":12320,"name":"Autoimmunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmunity?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71304" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmune_diseases">Autoimmune diseases</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="71304" type="text/json">{"id":71304,"name":"Autoimmune diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmune_diseases?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18942907]'), work: {"id":18942907,"title":"A Possible Mechanism behind Autoimmune Disorders Discovered By Genome-Wide Linkage and Association Analysis in Celiac Disease","created_at":"2015-11-24T12:18:57.024-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18942907/A_Possible_Mechanism_behind_Autoimmune_Disorders_Discovered_By_Genome_Wide_Linkage_and_Association_Analysis_in_Celiac_Disease?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_18942907","summary":"Celiac disease is a common autoimmune disorder characterized by an intestinal inflammation triggered by gluten, a storage protein found in wheat, rye and barley. Similar to other autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease is the result of an immune response to self-antigens leading to tissue destruction and production of autoantibodies. Common diseases like celiac disease have a complex pattern of inheritance with inputs from both environmental as well as additive and non-additive genetic factors. In the past few years, Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have been successful in finding genetic risk variants behind many common diseases and traits. To complement and add to the previous findings, we performed a GWAS including 206 trios from 97 nuclear Swedish and Norwegian families affected with celiac disease. By stratifying for HLA-DQ, we identified a new genome-wide significant risk locus covering the DUSP10 gene. To further investigate the associations from the GWAS we performed pathway analyses and two-locus interaction analyses. These analyses showed an over-representation of genes involved in type 2 diabetes and identified a set of candidate mechanisms and genes of which some were selected for mRNA expression analysis using small intestinal biopsies from 98 patients. Several genes were expressed differently in the small intestinal mucosa from patients with celiac autoimmunity compared to intestinal mucosa from control patients. From top-scoring regions we identified susceptibility genes in several categories: 1) polarity and epithelial cell functionality; 2) intestinal smooth muscle; 3) growth and energy homeostasis, including proline and glutamine metabolism; and finally 4) innate and adaptive immune system. These genes and pathways, including specific functions of DUSP10, together reveal a new potential biological mechanism that could influence the genesis of celiac disease, and possibly also other chronic disorders with an inflammatory component.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40342642,"asset_id":18942907,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39076587,"first_name":"Svetlana","last_name":"Adamovic","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SAdamovic","display_name":"Svetlana Adamovic","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SAdamovic?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":39439867,"first_name":"Lars","last_name":"Browaldh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LarsBrowaldh","display_name":"Lars Browaldh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LarsBrowaldh?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12320,"name":"Autoimmunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmunity?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":71304,"name":"Autoimmune diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmune_diseases?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":71668,"name":"Celiac Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celiac_Disease?f_ri=324154"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one?f_ri=324154"},{"id":224794,"name":"Genetic linkage analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_linkage_analysis?f_ri=324154"},{"id":291136,"name":"Intestines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intestines?f_ri=324154"},{"id":309981,"name":"Human Genome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Genome?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":460445,"name":"Nuclear Family","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Family?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24162020" data-work_id="24162020" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24162020/Il_Les_in_Gravidanza_Fattori_Prognostici_Implicazioni_Ostetriche_e_Rischi_Materno_Fetali_Modalit%C3%A0_DI_Sorveglianza_e_Opzioni_DI_Trattamento">Il Les in Gravidanza. Fattori Prognostici, Implicazioni Ostetriche e Rischi Materno-Fetali; Modalità DI Sorveglianza e Opzioni DI Trattamento</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (LES) is one of the most common immune system disorders that primarily affects young women and the chan- ges in the functioning of the immune system during pregnancy can flare self reactions and the resulting... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24162020" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (LES) is one of the most common immune system disorders that primarily affects young women and the chan- ges in the functioning of the immune system during pregnancy can flare self reactions and the resulting signs (anaemia, thrombocytopenia, hypertension, nephropathy, rashes, arthritis). Furthermore, the presence of non specific antibodies (anticardiolipin and LAC) increases the risk of miscarriage,</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24162020" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="050e310e376630a4d22a442b7b04c80f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44508641,"asset_id":24162020,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44508641/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46588072" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TizianaArcangeli">Tiziana Arcangeli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46588072" type="text/json">{"id":46588072,"first_name":"Tiziana","last_name":"Arcangeli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TizianaArcangeli","display_name":"Tiziana Arcangeli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TizianaArcangeli?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24162020 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24162020"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24162020, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24162020", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24162020 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24162020; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24162020"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24162020 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24162020"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24162020; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24162020]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24162020").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24162020").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24162020"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasound">Ultrasound</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15639" type="text/json">{"id":15639,"name":"Ultrasound","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasound?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66614" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systemic_Lupus_Erythematosus">Systemic Lupus Erythematosus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="66614" type="text/json">{"id":66614,"name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systemic_Lupus_Erythematosus?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="192721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors">Risk factors</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="192721" type="text/json">{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="324154" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system">Immune system</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="324154" type="text/json">{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24162020]'), work: {"id":24162020,"title":"Il Les in Gravidanza. Fattori Prognostici, Implicazioni Ostetriche e Rischi Materno-Fetali; Modalità DI Sorveglianza e Opzioni DI Trattamento","created_at":"2016-04-07T06:19:14.517-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24162020/Il_Les_in_Gravidanza_Fattori_Prognostici_Implicazioni_Ostetriche_e_Rischi_Materno_Fetali_Modalit%C3%A0_DI_Sorveglianza_e_Opzioni_DI_Trattamento?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_24162020","summary":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (LES) is one of the most common immune system disorders that primarily affects young women and the chan- ges in the functioning of the immune system during pregnancy can flare self reactions and the resulting signs (anaemia, thrombocytopenia, hypertension, nephropathy, rashes, arthritis). Furthermore, the presence of non specific antibodies (anticardiolipin and LAC) increases the risk of miscarriage,","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44508641,"asset_id":24162020,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46588072,"first_name":"Tiziana","last_name":"Arcangeli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TizianaArcangeli","display_name":"Tiziana Arcangeli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TizianaArcangeli?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15639,"name":"Ultrasound","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasound?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":66614,"name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systemic_Lupus_Erythematosus?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":442825,"name":"Fetal Growth Restriction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetal_Growth_Restriction?f_ri=324154"},{"id":466684,"name":"Young Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Women?f_ri=324154"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_81326223" data-work_id="81326223" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81326223/Efficacit%C3%A9_clinique_du_2L_ALERG_un_nouveau_traitement_de_type_immunomodulateur_par_voie_sublinguale_dans_le_rhume_des_foins_une_%C3%A9tude_en_double_insu_contre_placebo">Efficacité clinique du 2L®ALERG, un nouveau traitement de type immunomodulateur par voie sublinguale dans le rhume des foins : une étude en double insu contre placebo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">But de l'étude.-Le traitement habituel de la rhinite allergique repose sur l'éviction allergénique (illusoire pour les pollens), l'immunothérapie et les médications antiallergiques. La micro-immunothérapie est une nouvelle approche... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_81326223" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">But de l'étude.-Le traitement habituel de la rhinite allergique repose sur l'éviction allergénique (illusoire pour les pollens), l'immunothérapie et les médications antiallergiques. La micro-immunothérapie est une nouvelle approche thérapeutique qui utilise une famille de médiateurs chimiques du système immunitaire dans le but de rééduquer celui-ci. La présente étude évalue l'efficacité clinique du 2L 1 ALERG, une nouvelle médication immunomodulatrice, sur les symptômes du rhume des foins. Patients et méthodes.-Quarante et un patients (de six à 41 ans) ont été inclus dans une étude en double insu contre placebo. Le 2L 1 ALERG se présente sous forme de gélules à usage sublingual et est constitué de cytokines et d'acides nucléiques dilués et dynamisés, à visée antiinflammatoire et anti-réponse IgE. Résultats.-L'étude a été centrée sur le pic de la saison de pollinisation des graminées dans le sud de la Belgique en 2004. Il n'a pas été observé d'amélioration significative du score symptômes (T5SS) dans le groupe actif (p = 0,33). En revanche, un effet significatif a été mis en évidence sur la consommation de médications de secours (MS ; À48 % ; p = 0,002), et sur un score global prenant en compte les symptômes et les médicaments (p = 0,017). Le nombre de jours sans prise de MS est très nettement diminué dans le groupe actif (À20 % ; p < 0,0001). Aucun effet secondaire n'a été noté. Conclusion.-Le 2L 1 ALERG est efficace dans le traitement du rhume des foins et bien toléré. Des études à plus grande échelle sont cependant souhaitables pour confirmer ces données.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81326223" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e56932e45a0f4df46452e220d55d4c8f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87408595,"asset_id":81326223,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87408595/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="217423286" href="https://independent.academia.edu/XavierVANDERBREMPT">Xavier VAN DER BREMPT</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="217423286" type="text/json">{"id":217423286,"first_name":"Xavier","last_name":"VAN DER BREMPT","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"XavierVANDERBREMPT","display_name":"Xavier VAN DER BREMPT","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/XavierVANDERBREMPT?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81326223 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81326223"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81326223, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81326223", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_81326223 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81326223; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_81326223"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_81326223 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81326223"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81326223; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81326223]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_81326223").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_81326223").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="81326223"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="324154" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system">Immune system</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="324154" type="text/json">{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=81326223]'), work: {"id":81326223,"title":"Efficacité clinique du 2L®ALERG, un nouveau traitement de type immunomodulateur par voie sublinguale dans le rhume des foins : une étude en double insu contre placebo","created_at":"2022-06-12T14:50:26.547-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/81326223/Efficacit%C3%A9_clinique_du_2L_ALERG_un_nouveau_traitement_de_type_immunomodulateur_par_voie_sublinguale_dans_le_rhume_des_foins_une_%C3%A9tude_en_double_insu_contre_placebo?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_81326223","summary":"But de l'étude.-Le traitement habituel de la rhinite allergique repose sur l'éviction allergénique (illusoire pour les pollens), l'immunothérapie et les médications antiallergiques. La micro-immunothérapie est une nouvelle approche thérapeutique qui utilise une famille de médiateurs chimiques du système immunitaire dans le but de rééduquer celui-ci. La présente étude évalue l'efficacité clinique du 2L 1 ALERG, une nouvelle médication immunomodulatrice, sur les symptômes du rhume des foins. Patients et méthodes.-Quarante et un patients (de six à 41 ans) ont été inclus dans une étude en double insu contre placebo. Le 2L 1 ALERG se présente sous forme de gélules à usage sublingual et est constitué de cytokines et d'acides nucléiques dilués et dynamisés, à visée antiinflammatoire et anti-réponse IgE. Résultats.-L'étude a été centrée sur le pic de la saison de pollinisation des graminées dans le sud de la Belgique en 2004. Il n'a pas été observé d'amélioration significative du score symptômes (T5SS) dans le groupe actif (p = 0,33). En revanche, un effet significatif a été mis en évidence sur la consommation de médications de secours (MS ; À48 % ; p = 0,002), et sur un score global prenant en compte les symptômes et les médicaments (p = 0,017). Le nombre de jours sans prise de MS est très nettement diminué dans le groupe actif (À20 % ; p \u003c 0,0001). Aucun effet secondaire n'a été noté. Conclusion.-Le 2L 1 ALERG est efficace dans le traitement du rhume des foins et bien toléré. Des études à plus grande échelle sont cependant souhaitables pour confirmer ces données.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87408595,"asset_id":81326223,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":217423286,"first_name":"Xavier","last_name":"VAN DER BREMPT","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"XavierVANDERBREMPT","display_name":"Xavier VAN DER BREMPT","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/XavierVANDERBREMPT?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74150935" data-work_id="74150935" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74150935/Immunomodulatory_effect_of_selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitors_SSRIs_on_human_T_lymphocyte_function_and_gene_expression">Immunomodulatory effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on human T lymphocyte function and gene expression</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Antidepressants have an antiproliferative effect in some cell lines. Depression may be associated with activation of some pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we evaluated the ex-vivo immunomodulatory effect of selective serotonin... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74150935" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Antidepressants have an antiproliferative effect in some cell lines. Depression may be associated with activation of some pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we evaluated the ex-vivo immunomodulatory effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in T cells. We found that the SSRIs, paroxetine and sertraline decreased T-cell viability with IC50 around 10 μM. The inhibition obtained with exposure to the SSRIs was more pronounced than that achieved with dexamethasone. Moreover, these SSRIs inhibit the secretion of the TH1 factor-tumor necrosis factor(TNF)α from the cells. On the molecular level, the SSRIs suppressed signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) and cyclooxygenase(Cox)2 protein expression. The inhibitory effects were accompanied by alterations in gene expression as assessed in the gene array. These findings reveal an immunomodulatory effect of the SSRIs paroxetine and sertraline in human T cells. The clinical implications of our findings merit further investigation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74150935" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f96ce339544cda5270320dc3aeee8eb0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82404621,"asset_id":74150935,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82404621/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52133034" href="https://telaviv.academia.edu/AviWeizman">Abraham Weizman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52133034" type="text/json">{"id":52133034,"first_name":"Abraham","last_name":"Weizman","domain_name":"telaviv","page_name":"AviWeizman","display_name":"Abraham Weizman","profile_url":"https://telaviv.academia.edu/AviWeizman?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52133034/35092936/57526530/s65_abraham.weizman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74150935 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74150935"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74150935, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74150935", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74150935]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74150935").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74150935").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74150935"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9111" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines">Cytokines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9111" type="text/json">{"id":9111,"name":"Cytokines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27784" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression">Gene expression</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27784" type="text/json">{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74150935]'), work: {"id":74150935,"title":"Immunomodulatory effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on human T lymphocyte function and gene expression","created_at":"2022-03-20T11:30:24.761-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74150935/Immunomodulatory_effect_of_selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitors_SSRIs_on_human_T_lymphocyte_function_and_gene_expression?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_74150935","summary":"Antidepressants have an antiproliferative effect in some cell lines. Depression may be associated with activation of some pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we evaluated the ex-vivo immunomodulatory effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in T cells. We found that the SSRIs, paroxetine and sertraline decreased T-cell viability with IC50 around 10 μM. The inhibition obtained with exposure to the SSRIs was more pronounced than that achieved with dexamethasone. Moreover, these SSRIs inhibit the secretion of the TH1 factor-tumor necrosis factor(TNF)α from the cells. On the molecular level, the SSRIs suppressed signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) and cyclooxygenase(Cox)2 protein expression. The inhibitory effects were accompanied by alterations in gene expression as assessed in the gene array. These findings reveal an immunomodulatory effect of the SSRIs paroxetine and sertraline in human T cells. The clinical implications of our findings merit further investigation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82404621,"asset_id":74150935,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52133034,"first_name":"Abraham","last_name":"Weizman","domain_name":"telaviv","page_name":"AviWeizman","display_name":"Abraham Weizman","profile_url":"https://telaviv.academia.edu/AviWeizman?f_ri=324154","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52133034/35092936/57526530/s65_abraham.weizman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":9111,"name":"Cytokines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":57801,"name":"Dexamethasone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dexamethasone?f_ri=324154"},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=324154"},{"id":165002,"name":"Cell Viability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Viability?f_ri=324154"},{"id":279027,"name":"European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":501806,"name":"Protein Expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Expression?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1157148,"name":"Cell Survival","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Survival?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1272906,"name":"Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Linked_Immunosorbent_Assay?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1661112,"name":"Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin_Uptake_Inhibitors?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1763968,"name":"Gene Expression Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Expression_Regulation?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2182370,"name":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2535440,"name":"Paroxetine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paroxetine?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=324154"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=324154"},{"id":3988408,"name":"Antidepressive agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antidepressive_agents?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59855779" data-work_id="59855779" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59855779/Immunologic_Profile_of_Patients_with_Protein_Losing_Enteropathy_Complicating_Congenital_Heart_Disease">Immunologic Profile of Patients with Protein-Losing Enteropathy Complicating Congenital Heart Disease</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The immunologic pro®le of patients with congenital heart disease complicated by protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is unde®ned. The aim of this study was to assess the lymphocyte subpopulation and immunglobulin (Ig) pattern in patients with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_59855779" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The immunologic pro®le of patients with congenital heart disease complicated by protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is unde®ned. The aim of this study was to assess the lymphocyte subpopulation and immunglobulin (Ig) pattern in patients with PLE complicating congenital heart disease. The immunologic pro®le of six patients with congenital heart disease complicated by PLE was compared to that of controls without PLE matched for age and cardiac interventions. Enteric protein loss was documented by Tc99m-labeled albumin scintigraphy. The lymphocyte subpopulations were enumerated using¯ow cytometry, whereas serum IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations were measured by the turbidimetric technique. The cardiac diagnoses included complex cyanotic heart disease post-Fontan procedure (n = 3), and one each of tetralogy of Fallot, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and valvar pulmonary stenosis. In patients with PLE, the T lymphocyte (CD3 +) count was signi®cantly lower (300 186 vs 2070 1171/ll, p = 0.017); both the helper/inducer lymphocytes (CD4 +) (127 158 vs 927 377/ll, p = 0.006) and suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8 +) (129 49 vs 850 695/ll, p = 0.057) were reduced with reversal of CD4 + /CD8 + ratio (0.81 0.68 vs 1.64 0.89, p = 0.027). Furthermore, IgG level was signi®cantly reduced (5.12 2.84 vs 12.5 1.58 g/L, p = 0.005) and IgA level tended to be lower (1.36 1.37 vs 2.50 0.80 g/L, p = 0.095). In contrast, the B lymphocyte (CD19 +) count (340 151 vs 618 427/ll, p = 0.25), natural killer cell count (CD16 + 56 + CD3)) (252 212 vs 276 251/ll, p = 0.85), and IgM level (0.98 0.59 vs 1.12 0.25 g/L, p = 0.67) were similar for both groups. None of the patients developed opportunistic or severe viral infections. Abnormal immunologic pro®le of both the cellular and humoral arms of the immune system occurs in patients with congenital heart disease complicated by PLE. Nonetheless, these abnormalities perhaps appear quantitative rather than qualitative in nature, although further functional studies of antibody production and lymphocyte proliferation assays are required to support this proposition.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59855779" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="51f3983cc5e7a4ca914cfece0d3efae6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73562898,"asset_id":59855779,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73562898/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52609992" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KwokJanette">Janette Kwok</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52609992" type="text/json">{"id":52609992,"first_name":"Janette","last_name":"Kwok","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KwokJanette","display_name":"Janette Kwok","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KwokJanette?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_59855779 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="59855779"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59855779, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_59855779", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59855779]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_59855779").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_59855779").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="59855779"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry">Flow Cytometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6599" type="text/json">{"id":6599,"name":"Flow Cytometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37788" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatric_Cardiology">Pediatric Cardiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37788" type="text/json">{"id":37788,"name":"Pediatric Cardiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatric_Cardiology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Congenital_Heart_Defects">Congenital Heart Defects</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57980" type="text/json">{"id":57980,"name":"Congenital Heart Defects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Congenital_Heart_Defects?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=59855779]'), work: {"id":59855779,"title":"Immunologic Profile of Patients with Protein-Losing Enteropathy Complicating Congenital Heart Disease","created_at":"2021-10-24T17:39:23.545-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/59855779/Immunologic_Profile_of_Patients_with_Protein_Losing_Enteropathy_Complicating_Congenital_Heart_Disease?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_59855779","summary":"The immunologic pro®le of patients with congenital heart disease complicated by protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is unde®ned. The aim of this study was to assess the lymphocyte subpopulation and immunglobulin (Ig) pattern in patients with PLE complicating congenital heart disease. The immunologic pro®le of six patients with congenital heart disease complicated by PLE was compared to that of controls without PLE matched for age and cardiac interventions. Enteric protein loss was documented by Tc99m-labeled albumin scintigraphy. The lymphocyte subpopulations were enumerated using¯ow cytometry, whereas serum IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations were measured by the turbidimetric technique. The cardiac diagnoses included complex cyanotic heart disease post-Fontan procedure (n = 3), and one each of tetralogy of Fallot, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and valvar pulmonary stenosis. In patients with PLE, the T lymphocyte (CD3 +) count was signi®cantly lower (300 186 vs 2070 1171/ll, p = 0.017); both the helper/inducer lymphocytes (CD4 +) (127 158 vs 927 377/ll, p = 0.006) and suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8 +) (129 49 vs 850 695/ll, p = 0.057) were reduced with reversal of CD4 + /CD8 + ratio (0.81 0.68 vs 1.64 0.89, p = 0.027). Furthermore, IgG level was signi®cantly reduced (5.12 2.84 vs 12.5 1.58 g/L, p = 0.005) and IgA level tended to be lower (1.36 1.37 vs 2.50 0.80 g/L, p = 0.095). In contrast, the B lymphocyte (CD19 +) count (340 151 vs 618 427/ll, p = 0.25), natural killer cell count (CD16 + 56 + CD3)) (252 212 vs 276 251/ll, p = 0.85), and IgM level (0.98 0.59 vs 1.12 0.25 g/L, p = 0.67) were similar for both groups. None of the patients developed opportunistic or severe viral infections. Abnormal immunologic pro®le of both the cellular and humoral arms of the immune system occurs in patients with congenital heart disease complicated by PLE. Nonetheless, these abnormalities perhaps appear quantitative rather than qualitative in nature, although further functional studies of antibody production and lymphocyte proliferation assays are required to support this proposition.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73562898,"asset_id":59855779,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52609992,"first_name":"Janette","last_name":"Kwok","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KwokJanette","display_name":"Janette Kwok","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KwokJanette?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6599,"name":"Flow Cytometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Cytometry?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":37788,"name":"Pediatric Cardiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatric_Cardiology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":57980,"name":"Congenital Heart Defects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Congenital_Heart_Defects?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=324154"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=324154"},{"id":228832,"name":"Heart Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_Disease?f_ri=324154"},{"id":234187,"name":"Recurrence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recurrence?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":420887,"name":"Viral Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viral_Infection?f_ri=324154"},{"id":555904,"name":"natural killer (NK) cell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/natural_killer_NK_cell?f_ri=324154"},{"id":735030,"name":"Congenital Heart Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Congenital_Heart_Disease?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1312086,"name":"Immunoglobulins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoglobulins?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2721270,"name":"Tetralogy of Fallot","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tetralogy_of_Fallot?f_ri=324154"},{"id":3378593,"name":"Fontan procedure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fontan_procedure?f_ri=324154"},{"id":3789879,"name":"Cardiovascular medicine and haematology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_medicine_and_haematology?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_58194665" data-work_id="58194665" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58194665/Cortisol_response_and_immune_related_effects_of_Atlantic_salmon_Salmo_salar_Linnaeus_subjected_to_short_and_long_term_stress">Cortisol response and immune-related effects of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) subjected to short- and long-term stress</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is generally considered that stress causes decreased immune function in fish. In this study we examined in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) the effects of both short-(a single 15 s out of water) and long-term (4 weeks of daily... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58194665" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is generally considered that stress causes decreased immune function in fish. In this study we examined in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) the effects of both short-(a single 15 s out of water) and long-term (4 weeks of daily handling 15 s out of water) stress on plasma cortisol (free and total) and glucose levels, expression of interleukin-1b (IL-1b) and survival of head kidney (HK) macrophages under culture with Aeromonas salmonicida. In the short-term study, samples were collected prior to the application of the stressor, and at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h post stress. Free and total plasma cortisol levels and the percentage of free cortisol increased significantly in the stressed group at 1 and 3 h post stress. Plasma glucose levels were significantly higher than those of control fish at 1, 3 and 6 h post stress. Constitutive expression of IL-1b in macrophages isolated from head kidneys in stressed fish was significantly higher at 1 and 3 h post stress. However, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated expression of IL-1b in HK macrophages, exhibited significantly higher fold increases in unstressed fish compared to stressed fish. In the long-term study, with the exception of an increase in plasma glucose levels at 1 week, there were no significant differences in stress parameters between groups. There was a significantly higher constitutive IL-1b expression in macrophages isolated from stressed fish over the first 2 weeks. At weeks 1, 2 and 3 the magnitude of IL-1b response of isolated HK macrophages to LPS stimulation was reduced in >90% of the stressed fish. At 4 weeks there was no significant difference in inducible IL-1b expression between the groups. Macrophages isolated from stressed fish also showed significantly decreased survival when exposed to A. salmonicida. This study shows a clear pattern from repeated handling stress, whereby effects on immune cells begin with increased constitutive expression of IL-1b, followed by decreased stimulation of leucocytes by extracellular antigen, and finally decreased</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58194665" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ad0a34fa389ae6b6bcea4de8837e169e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72724774,"asset_id":58194665,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72724774/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="70842256" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FastMark">Mark Fast</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="70842256" type="text/json">{"id":70842256,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Fast","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FastMark","display_name":"Mark Fast","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FastMark?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_58194665 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="58194665"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58194665, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_58194665", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_58194665 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58194665; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_58194665"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_58194665 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="58194665"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58194665; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=58194665]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_58194665").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_58194665").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="58194665"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13919" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fish_Diseases">Fish Diseases</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13919" type="text/json">{"id":13919,"name":"Fish Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fish_Diseases?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17491" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macrophages">Macrophages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17491" type="text/json">{"id":17491,"name":"Macrophages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macrophages?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48183" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipopolysaccharide">Lipopolysaccharide</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48183" type="text/json">{"id":48183,"name":"Lipopolysaccharide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipopolysaccharide?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58431" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortisol">Cortisol</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58431" type="text/json">{"id":58431,"name":"Cortisol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortisol?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=58194665]'), work: {"id":58194665,"title":"Cortisol response and immune-related effects of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) subjected to short- and long-term stress","created_at":"2021-10-15T11:53:15.404-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/58194665/Cortisol_response_and_immune_related_effects_of_Atlantic_salmon_Salmo_salar_Linnaeus_subjected_to_short_and_long_term_stress?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_58194665","summary":"It is generally considered that stress causes decreased immune function in fish. In this study we examined in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) the effects of both short-(a single 15 s out of water) and long-term (4 weeks of daily handling 15 s out of water) stress on plasma cortisol (free and total) and glucose levels, expression of interleukin-1b (IL-1b) and survival of head kidney (HK) macrophages under culture with Aeromonas salmonicida. In the short-term study, samples were collected prior to the application of the stressor, and at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h post stress. Free and total plasma cortisol levels and the percentage of free cortisol increased significantly in the stressed group at 1 and 3 h post stress. Plasma glucose levels were significantly higher than those of control fish at 1, 3 and 6 h post stress. Constitutive expression of IL-1b in macrophages isolated from head kidneys in stressed fish was significantly higher at 1 and 3 h post stress. However, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated expression of IL-1b in HK macrophages, exhibited significantly higher fold increases in unstressed fish compared to stressed fish. In the long-term study, with the exception of an increase in plasma glucose levels at 1 week, there were no significant differences in stress parameters between groups. There was a significantly higher constitutive IL-1b expression in macrophages isolated from stressed fish over the first 2 weeks. At weeks 1, 2 and 3 the magnitude of IL-1b response of isolated HK macrophages to LPS stimulation was reduced in \u003e90% of the stressed fish. At 4 weeks there was no significant difference in inducible IL-1b expression between the groups. Macrophages isolated from stressed fish also showed significantly decreased survival when exposed to A. salmonicida. This study shows a clear pattern from repeated handling stress, whereby effects on immune cells begin with increased constitutive expression of IL-1b, followed by decreased stimulation of leucocytes by extracellular antigen, and finally decreased","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72724774,"asset_id":58194665,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":70842256,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Fast","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FastMark","display_name":"Mark Fast","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FastMark?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":13919,"name":"Fish Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fish_Diseases?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":17491,"name":"Macrophages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macrophages?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":48183,"name":"Lipopolysaccharide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipopolysaccharide?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":58431,"name":"Cortisol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortisol?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":71294,"name":"Kidney","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney?f_ri=324154"},{"id":71300,"name":"Blood Glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Glucose?f_ri=324154"},{"id":164869,"name":"Atlantic Salmon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_Salmon?f_ri=324154"},{"id":170652,"name":"Fisheries Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries_Sciences?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":335983,"name":"Lipopolysaccharides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipopolysaccharides?f_ri=324154"},{"id":441045,"name":"Salmo salar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salmo_salar?f_ri=324154"},{"id":675427,"name":"Immune function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_function?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1157148,"name":"Cell Survival","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Survival?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1271415,"name":"Long Term Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term_Study?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1763968,"name":"Gene Expression Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Expression_Regulation?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2016105,"name":"Acute stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acute_stress?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2561337,"name":"Plasma Glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasma_Glucose?f_ri=324154"},{"id":3359206,"name":"hydrocortisone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/hydrocortisone?f_ri=324154"},{"id":3647007,"name":"Stress Physiological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_Physiological?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27279260" data-work_id="27279260" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27279260/Randomized_Study_on_the_Efficacy_of_Cognitive_Behavioral_Therapy_for_Insomnia_Secondary_to_Breast_Cancer_Part_II_Immunologic_Effects">Randomized Study on the Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Secondary to Breast Cancer, Part II: Immunologic Effects</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cross-sectional studies suggest that clinical insomnia is associated with immune downregulation. However, there is a definite need for experimental studies on this question. The goal of this randomized controlled study was to assess the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27279260" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cross-sectional studies suggest that clinical insomnia is associated with immune downregulation. However, there is a definite need for experimental studies on this question. The goal of this randomized controlled study was to assess the effect of an 8-week cognitivebehavioral therapy (CBT) for chronic insomnia on immune functioning of breast cancer survivors. Previous analyses of this study showed that CBT was associated with improved sleep and quality of life, and reduced psychological distress.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27279260" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cf90c16987b7eba1fe66258e7cdbc8da" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47538629,"asset_id":27279260,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47538629/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51383934" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HansIvers">Hans Ivers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51383934" type="text/json">{"id":51383934,"first_name":"Hans","last_name":"Ivers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HansIvers","display_name":"Hans Ivers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HansIvers?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27279260 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27279260"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27279260, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27279260", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27279260]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27279260").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27279260").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27279260"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression">Depression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3217" type="text/json">{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer">Breast Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6802" type="text/json">{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7470" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life">Quality of life</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7470" type="text/json">{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27279260]'), work: {"id":27279260,"title":"Randomized Study on the Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Secondary to Breast Cancer, Part II: Immunologic Effects","created_at":"2016-07-26T11:43:22.047-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27279260/Randomized_Study_on_the_Efficacy_of_Cognitive_Behavioral_Therapy_for_Insomnia_Secondary_to_Breast_Cancer_Part_II_Immunologic_Effects?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_27279260","summary":"Cross-sectional studies suggest that clinical insomnia is associated with immune downregulation. However, there is a definite need for experimental studies on this question. The goal of this randomized controlled study was to assess the effect of an 8-week cognitivebehavioral therapy (CBT) for chronic insomnia on immune functioning of breast cancer survivors. Previous analyses of this study showed that CBT was associated with improved sleep and quality of life, and reduced psychological distress.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47538629,"asset_id":27279260,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51383934,"first_name":"Hans","last_name":"Ivers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HansIvers","display_name":"Hans Ivers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HansIvers?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":23076,"name":"Fatigue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fatigue?f_ri=324154"},{"id":97269,"name":"Chronic Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Disease?f_ri=324154"},{"id":99708,"name":"Clinical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical?f_ri=324154"},{"id":101797,"name":"Cognitive Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Therapy?f_ri=324154"},{"id":113377,"name":"Cognitive behavior therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_behavior_therapy?f_ri=324154"},{"id":115895,"name":"Clinical oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_oncology?f_ri=324154"},{"id":133324,"name":"Sleep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep?f_ri=324154"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":868560,"name":"Lymphocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymphocytes?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1924712,"name":"Interleukin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interleukin?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2058663,"name":"Interferon gamma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interferon_gamma?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25706196" data-work_id="25706196" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25706196/The_immunobiology_of_CD154_CD40_TRAF_interactions_in_atherosclerosis">The immunobiology of CD154–CD40–TRAF interactions in atherosclerosis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the large arteries that is responsible for the majority of cardiovascular events. In its pathogenesis, the immune system plays a pivotal role. The effectuation of the immune response through... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25706196" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the large arteries that is responsible for the majority of cardiovascular events. In its pathogenesis, the immune system plays a pivotal role. The effectuation of the immune response through interactions between immune cells that is mediated by co-stimulatory molecules, determine atherosclerosis severity. This review will highlight the role of one of the most powerful costimulatory dyads, the CD154 (also known as CD40 ligand, CD40L)-CD40 dyad, in atherosclerosis. Its cell-type specific actions, signal transduction cascades and its therapeutic potentials will be discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25706196" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6e1454c0adf011481368ba27a6659819" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46051105,"asset_id":25706196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46051105/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49395075" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LindaBeckers">Linda Beckers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49395075" type="text/json">{"id":49395075,"first_name":"Linda","last_name":"Beckers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LindaBeckers","display_name":"Linda Beckers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LindaBeckers?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25706196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25706196"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25706196, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25706196", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25706196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25706196; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25706196"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25706196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25706196"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25706196; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25706196]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25706196").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25706196").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25706196"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1290" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology">Immunology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1290" type="text/json">{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2702" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response">Immune response</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2702" type="text/json">{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8015" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atherosclerosis">Atherosclerosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8015" type="text/json">{"id":8015,"name":"Atherosclerosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atherosclerosis?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38831" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction">Signal Transduction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="38831" type="text/json">{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25706196]'), work: {"id":25706196,"title":"The immunobiology of CD154–CD40–TRAF interactions in atherosclerosis","created_at":"2016-05-29T14:51:27.247-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25706196/The_immunobiology_of_CD154_CD40_TRAF_interactions_in_atherosclerosis?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_25706196","summary":"Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the large arteries that is responsible for the majority of cardiovascular events. In its pathogenesis, the immune system plays a pivotal role. The effectuation of the immune response through interactions between immune cells that is mediated by co-stimulatory molecules, determine atherosclerosis severity. This review will highlight the role of one of the most powerful costimulatory dyads, the CD154 (also known as CD40 ligand, CD40L)-CD40 dyad, in atherosclerosis. Its cell-type specific actions, signal transduction cascades and its therapeutic potentials will be discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46051105,"asset_id":25706196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49395075,"first_name":"Linda","last_name":"Beckers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LindaBeckers","display_name":"Linda Beckers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LindaBeckers?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":8015,"name":"Atherosclerosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atherosclerosis?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":97269,"name":"Chronic Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Disease?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":341842,"name":"Seminars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seminars?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13900316" data-work_id="13900316" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13900316/Human_CD100_a_novel_leukocyte_semaphorin_that_promotes_B_cell_aggregation_and_differentiation">Human CD100, a novel leukocyte semaphorin that promotes B-cell aggregation and differentiation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Herein we describe the molecular characterization of the human leukocyte activation antigen CD100 and identify it as the first semaphorin, to our knowledge, in the immune system. Semaphorins have recently been described as neuronal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13900316" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Herein we describe the molecular characterization of the human leukocyte activation antigen CD100 and identify it as the first semaphorin, to our knowledge, in the immune system. Semaphorins have recently been described as neuronal chemorepellants that direct pioneering neurons during nervous system development. In this study we demonstrate that CD100 induces B cells to aggregate and improves their viability in vitro. We show that CD100 modifies CD40-CD40L B-cell signaling by augmenting B-cell aggregation and survival and down-regulating CD23 expression. Thus, these results suggest that semaphorins as exemplified by CD100 also play a functional role in the immune system. ml) (9). The probe consisted of two XhoI fragments encoding the entire CD100 cDNA, which were labeled with [a-32P]dCTP and [a-32P]dATP by random priming (10). After hybridization the filters were washed to a final stringency of 2x standard saline citrate (SSC)/0.1% SDS at 65°C. The filters were used Abbreviations: SEMA, semaphorin; H, human, M, mouse.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13900316" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dd2b6165e83f155240442c182fdeeab9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44822520,"asset_id":13900316,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44822520/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32971368" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GordonFreeman19">Gordon Freeman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32971368" type="text/json">{"id":32971368,"first_name":"Gordon","last_name":"Freeman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GordonFreeman19","display_name":"Gordon Freeman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GordonFreeman19?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13900316 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13900316"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13900316, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13900316", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13900316 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13900316; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13900316"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13900316 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13900316"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13900316; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13900316]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13900316").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13900316").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13900316"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57570" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cercopithecus_aethiops">Cercopithecus aethiops</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57570" type="text/json">{"id":57570,"name":"Cercopithecus aethiops","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cercopithecus_aethiops?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60436" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Differentiation">Cell Differentiation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60436" type="text/json">{"id":60436,"name":"Cell Differentiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Differentiation?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="295728" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_cloning">Molecular cloning</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="295728" type="text/json">{"id":295728,"name":"Molecular cloning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_cloning?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13900316]'), work: {"id":13900316,"title":"Human CD100, a novel leukocyte semaphorin that promotes B-cell aggregation and differentiation","created_at":"2015-07-10T16:27:40.117-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13900316/Human_CD100_a_novel_leukocyte_semaphorin_that_promotes_B_cell_aggregation_and_differentiation?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_13900316","summary":"Herein we describe the molecular characterization of the human leukocyte activation antigen CD100 and identify it as the first semaphorin, to our knowledge, in the immune system. Semaphorins have recently been described as neuronal chemorepellants that direct pioneering neurons during nervous system development. In this study we demonstrate that CD100 induces B cells to aggregate and improves their viability in vitro. We show that CD100 modifies CD40-CD40L B-cell signaling by augmenting B-cell aggregation and survival and down-regulating CD23 expression. Thus, these results suggest that semaphorins as exemplified by CD100 also play a functional role in the immune system. ml) (9). The probe consisted of two XhoI fragments encoding the entire CD100 cDNA, which were labeled with [a-32P]dCTP and [a-32P]dATP by random priming (10). After hybridization the filters were washed to a final stringency of 2x standard saline citrate (SSC)/0.1% SDS at 65°C. The filters were used Abbreviations: SEMA, semaphorin; H, human, M, mouse.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44822520,"asset_id":13900316,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32971368,"first_name":"Gordon","last_name":"Freeman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GordonFreeman19","display_name":"Gordon Freeman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GordonFreeman19?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":57570,"name":"Cercopithecus aethiops","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cercopithecus_aethiops?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":60436,"name":"Cell Differentiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Differentiation?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":295728,"name":"Molecular cloning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_cloning?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":375215,"name":"Molecular Characterization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Characterization?f_ri=324154"},{"id":620070,"name":"Transfection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transfection?f_ri=324154"},{"id":637718,"name":"Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nervous_System?f_ri=324154"},{"id":678853,"name":"B Lymphocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/B_Lymphocytes?f_ri=324154"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=324154"},{"id":990417,"name":"Recombinant Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recombinant_Proteins?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1157148,"name":"Cell Survival","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Survival?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1763968,"name":"Gene Expression Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Expression_Regulation?f_ri=324154"},{"id":2438906,"name":"Semaphorins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semaphorins?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22900817" data-work_id="22900817" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22900817/Functional_Role_of_the_PE_Domain_and_Immunogenicity_of_the_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_Triacylglycerol_Hydrolase_LipY">Functional Role of the PE Domain and Immunogenicity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Triacylglycerol Hydrolase LipY</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">PE and PPE proteins appear to be important for virulence and immunopathogenicity in mycobacteria, yet the functions of the PE/PPE domains remain an enigma. To decipher the role of these domains, we have characterized the triacylglycerol... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22900817" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">PE and PPE proteins appear to be important for virulence and immunopathogenicity in mycobacteria, yet the functions of the PE/PPE domains remain an enigma. To decipher the role of these domains, we have characterized the triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolase LipY from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is the only known PE protein expressing an enzymatic activity. The overproduction of LipY in mycobacteria resulted in a significant reduction in the pool of TAGs, consistent with the lipase activity of this enzyme.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22900817" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e2a86bc737375581d61358ecb01e580a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43441733,"asset_id":22900817,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43441733/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44591395" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoshiBeenu">Beenu Joshi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44591395" type="text/json">{"id":44591395,"first_name":"Beenu","last_name":"Joshi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoshiBeenu","display_name":"Beenu Joshi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoshiBeenu?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22900817 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22900817"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22900817, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22900817", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22900817 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22900817; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22900817"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22900817 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22900817"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22900817; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22900817]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22900817").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22900817").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22900817"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy">Electron Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2184" type="text/json">{"id":2184,"name":"Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48758" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infection_and_immunity">Infection and immunity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48758" type="text/json">{"id":48758,"name":"Infection and immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infection_and_immunity?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62235" type="text/json">{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22900817]'), work: {"id":22900817,"title":"Functional Role of the PE Domain and Immunogenicity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Triacylglycerol Hydrolase LipY","created_at":"2016-03-06T20:28:01.147-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22900817/Functional_Role_of_the_PE_Domain_and_Immunogenicity_of_the_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_Triacylglycerol_Hydrolase_LipY?f_ri=324154","dom_id":"work_22900817","summary":"PE and PPE proteins appear to be important for virulence and immunopathogenicity in mycobacteria, yet the functions of the PE/PPE domains remain an enigma. To decipher the role of these domains, we have characterized the triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolase LipY from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is the only known PE protein expressing an enzymatic activity. The overproduction of LipY in mycobacteria resulted in a significant reduction in the pool of TAGs, consistent with the lipase activity of this enzyme.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43441733,"asset_id":22900817,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44591395,"first_name":"Beenu","last_name":"Joshi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoshiBeenu","display_name":"Beenu Joshi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoshiBeenu?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2184,"name":"Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":48758,"name":"Infection and immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infection_and_immunity?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=324154","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=324154"},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=324154"},{"id":109739,"name":"Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infection?f_ri=324154"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme?f_ri=324154"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=324154"},{"id":462111,"name":"Western blot","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blot?f_ri=324154"},{"id":501806,"name":"Protein Expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Expression?f_ri=324154"},{"id":837135,"name":"Cell Wall","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Wall?f_ri=324154"},{"id":911627,"name":"Pulmonary Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulmonary_Tuberculosis?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1029284,"name":"Enzymatic Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzymatic_Activity?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1078292,"name":"Cell Surface Markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Surface_Markers?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1141665,"name":"Mycobacterium bovis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_bovis?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1209754,"name":"Lipase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipase?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1457054,"name":"Protein Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Transport?f_ri=324154"},{"id":1484491,"name":"Similarity Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Similarity_Function?f_ri=324154"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15826301" data-work_id="15826301" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15826301/Breastfeeding_and_otitis_media_a_review_of_recent_evidence">Breastfeeding and otitis media: a review of recent evidence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Human milk provides infants with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory agents that contribute to optimal immune system function. The act of breastfeeding allows important bacterial and hormonal interactions between the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15826301" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Human milk provides infants with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory agents that contribute to optimal immune system function. The act of breastfeeding allows important bacterial and hormonal interactions between the mother and baby and impacts the mouth, tongue, swallow, and eustachian tubes. Previous meta-analyses have shown that lack of breastfeeding and less intensive patterns of breastfeeding are associated with increased risk of acute otitis media, one of the most common infections of childhood. A review of epidemiologic studies indicates that the introduction of infant formula in the first 6 months of life is associated with increased incidence of acute otitis media in early-childhood. More recent research raises the issues of how long this increased risk persists, and whether lack of breastfeeding is associated with diagnosis of otitis media with effusion. However, many studies suffer from lack of study of younger populations and imprecise definitions of i...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15826301" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="791d1159297413363741fd0de7d6e90e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42865405,"asset_id":15826301,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42865405/download_file?st=MTczOTgzMTIzNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35009992" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MiriamLabbok">Miriam Labbok</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35009992" type="text/json">{"id":35009992,"first_name":"Miriam","last_name":"Labbok","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MiriamLabbok","display_name":"Miriam Labbok","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MiriamLabbok?f_ri=324154","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15826301 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15826301"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15826301, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15826301", }); 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