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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Freemium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhanwedd" title="Rhanwedd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhanwedd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="فری‌میوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فری‌میوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%AF%B8%EC%97%84_(%EC%82%AC%EC%97%85_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95)" title="프리미엄 (사업 모형) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프리미엄 (사업 모형)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="फ्रीमियम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ्रीमियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="פרימיום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרימיום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഫ്രീമിയം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രീമിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="فريميوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فريميوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9F%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0" title="フリーミアム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フリーミアム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85" title="فريميم – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فريميم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ฟรีเมียม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟรีเมียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Фриміум – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фриміум" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85" title="فریمیم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فریمیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Freemium" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E8%B2%BB%E5%A2%9E%E5%80%BC" title="免費增值 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="免費增值" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E8%B2%BB%E5%A2%9E%E5%80%BC" title="免費增值 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="免費增值" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1444631#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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style="display:none">Free product where the extras require payment</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Free-tier_in_freemium_business_pattern.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Free-tier_in_freemium_business_pattern.png/220px-Free-tier_in_freemium_business_pattern.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Free-tier_in_freemium_business_pattern.png/330px-Free-tier_in_freemium_business_pattern.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Free-tier_in_freemium_business_pattern.png/440px-Free-tier_in_freemium_business_pattern.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="956" /></a><figcaption>In the freemium business model, business tiers start with a "free" tier.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Freemium</b>, a <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of the words "free" and "premium", is a <a href="/wiki/Pricing_strategies" title="Pricing strategies">pricing strategy</a> by which a basic product or service is provided <a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">free of charge</a>, but money (a premium) is charged for additional features, services, or virtual (online) or physical (offline) goods that expand the functionality of the free version of the software.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This <a href="/wiki/Business_model" title="Business model">business model</a> has been used in the software industry since the 1980s. A subset of this model used by the video game industry is called <a href="/wiki/Free-to-play" title="Free-to-play">free-to-play</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freemium&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The business model has been in use for software since the 1980s. The term <i>freemium</i> to describe this model appears to have been created much later, in response to a 2006 blog post by venture capitalist <a href="/wiki/Fred_Wilson_(financier)" title="Fred Wilson (financier)">Fred Wilson</a> summarizing the model:<sup id="cite_ref-avc_fav_bus_model_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avc_fav_bus_model-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (January 2018)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup></p><blockquote><p>Give your service away for free, possibly ad supported but maybe not, acquire a lot of customers very efficiently through word of mouth, referral networks, organic search marketing, etc., then offer premium-priced value-added services or an enhanced version of your service to your customer base.</p></blockquote><p>Jarid Lukin of <a href="/wiki/Alacra" title="Alacra">Alacra</a>, one of Wilson's portfolio companies, then suggested the term "freemium" for this model. </p><p>In 2009, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Anderson_(writer)" title="Chris Anderson (writer)">Chris Anderson</a> published the book <i><a href="/wiki/Free_(Anderson_book)" title="Free (Anderson book)">Free</a></i>, which examines the popularity of this business model. As well as for traditional <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary software</a> and services, it is now also often used by <a href="/wiki/Web_2.0" title="Web 2.0">Web 2.0</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open-source_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source model">open source</a> companies.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_business_model_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn_business_model-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, Eric Seufert published the book <i>Freemium Economics</i>, which attempts to deconstruct the economic principles of the freemium model and prescribe a framework for implementing them into software products.<sup id="cite_ref-freemium_economics_pocketgamer_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freemium_economics_pocketgamer-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The freemium model is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Tiered_Internet_service" title="Tiered Internet service">tiered services</a>. Notable examples include <a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-techstarthub_freemium_approach_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techstarthub_freemium_approach-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Badoo" title="Badoo">Badoo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_social_network_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj_social_network-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Discord_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Discord (software)">Discord</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the form of a "soft" <a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="Paywall">paywall</a>, such as those employed by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-cjr_nytimes_paywall_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cjr_nytimes_paywall-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and La Presse+.<sup id="cite_ref-paidcontent_three_more_paywalls_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paidcontent_three_more_paywalls-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is often in a time-limited or feature-limited version to promote a paid-for full version. The model is particularly suited to software as the cost of distribution is negligible. </p><p>A freemium model is sometimes used to build a consumer base when the marginal cost of producing extra units is low. Thus little is lost by giving away free software licenses as long as significant <a href="/wiki/Cannibalization_(marketing)" title="Cannibalization (marketing)">cannibalization</a> is avoided. Other examples include <a href="/wiki/Free-to-play" title="Free-to-play">free-to-play</a> games – video games that can be downloaded without paying. Video game publishers of free-to-play games rely on other means to generate revenue – such as optional in-game virtual items that can be purchased by players to enhance gameplay or aesthetics.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_product_limitations">Types of product limitations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freemium&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types of product limitations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ways in which the product or service may be limited or restricted in the free version include:<sup id="cite_ref-techcrunch_startup_school_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techcrunch_startup_school-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Limited features: A free video chat client may not include three-way video calling. Most free-to-play games fall into this category, as they offer virtual items that are either impossible or very slow to purchase with in-game currency but can be instantly purchased with real-world money.</li> <li>Limited capacity: For example, <a href="/wiki/SQL_Server_Express" title="SQL Server Express">SQL Server Express</a> is restricted to databases of 10 GB or less.</li> <li>Limited use license: For example, most Autodesk or Microsoft software products with full features are free for student with an educational license. (See: <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Imagine" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Imagine">Microsoft Imagine</a>.) Some apps, like <a href="/wiki/CCleaner" title="CCleaner">CCleaner</a>, are free for personal use only.</li> <li>Limited use time: Most<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> free-to-play games permit the user to play the game consecutively for a limited number of levels or turns; the player must either wait a period of time to play more or purchase the right to play more.</li> <li>Limited support: Priority or real-time technical support may not be available for non-paying users. For example, <a href="/wiki/Comodo_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Comodo Group">Comodo</a> offers all its software products free of charge. Its premium offerings only add various kinds of technical support.</li> <li>Limited or no access to online services that are only available by purchasing periodic subscriptions</li></ul> <p>Some software and services make all of the features available for free for a trial period, and then at the end of that period revert to operating as a feature-limited free version (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Online_Armor_Personal_Firewall" title="Online Armor Personal Firewall">Online Armor Personal Firewall</a>). The user can unlock the premium features on payment of a license fee, as per the freemium model. Some businesses use a variation of the model known as "<a href="/wiki/Open_core" class="mw-redirect" title="Open core">open core</a>", in which the unsupported, feature-limited free version is also <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> software, but versions with additional features and official support are commercial software.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significance">Significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freemium&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2011, <a href="/wiki/PC_World_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="PC World (magazine)"><i>PC World</i></a> reported that traditional <a href="/wiki/Anti-virus_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-virus software">anti-virus software</a> had started to lose market share to freemium anti-virus products.<sup id="cite_ref-pcworld_free_antivirus_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcworld_free_antivirus-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By September 2012, all but two of the 50 highest-grossing apps in the Games section of Apple's <a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a> <a href="/wiki/App_Store_(iOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="App Store (iOS)">App Store</a> supported <a href="/wiki/Microtransaction" title="Microtransaction">in-app purchases</a>, leading <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i> to conclude that game developers were now required to choose between including such purchases or foregoing a very substantial revenue stream.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in 2013, the digital distribution platform <a href="/wiki/Steam_(service)" title="Steam (service)">Steam</a> began to add numerous free-to-play and <a href="/wiki/Early_access" title="Early access">early-access</a> games to its library, many of which utilized freemium marketing for their in-game economies. Due to criticism that the multiplayer games falling under this category were <a href="/wiki/Pay-to-win" class="mw-redirect" title="Pay-to-win">pay-to-win</a> in nature or were low-quality and never finished development, <a href="/wiki/Valve_Corporation" title="Valve Corporation">Valve</a> has since added stricter rules to its early-access and free-to-play policies.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_of_freemium_games">Criticism of freemium games</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freemium&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Criticism of freemium games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Free-to-play#Pay-to-win" title="Free-to-play">Free-to-play § Pay-to-win</a></div> <p>Freemium games have come under criticism from players and critics. Many are labelled with the derogatory term 'pay-to-win', which criticizes freemium games for giving an advantage to players who pay more money, as opposed to those who have more skill.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Criticisms also extend to the way that the business model can often appear unregulated, to the point of encouraging prolific spending. Freemium games are often designed in a manner where players who are not actively using premium features are actively frustrated, delayed or require much larger investments in time required to acquire currency or upgrades. </p><p>In November 2014, the animated TV series <i><a href="/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a></i> aired an episode entitled "<a href="/wiki/Freemium_Isn%27t_Free" title="Freemium Isn't Free">Freemium Isn't Free</a>". The episode satirized the business model for encouraging predatory game design tactics based on an improper business model.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> released two of their own freemium games in the <i><a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon" title="Pokémon">Pokémon</a></i> series based on other standalone purchasable titles.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nintendo_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nintendo-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the title <i><a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_Rumble_World" title="Pokémon Rumble World">Pokémon Rumble World</a></i>, Nintendo took a different approach by making it possible to complete the entire game without buying premium credits, but retaining them as an option so players can proceed through the game at a pace that suits them.<sup id="cite_ref-Nintendo_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nintendo-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freemium&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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title="Threshold pledge system">Threshold pledge system</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freemium&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">JLM de la Iglesia, JEL Gayo, "<i>Doing business by selling free services</i>". Web 2.0: The Business Model, 2008. Springer</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tom Hayes, "<i>Jump Point: How Network Culture is Revolutionizing Business</i>". 2008. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Most+freemium+games+are+pay+to+win+-+The+Pub+at+MMORPG.COM+-+General+Discussion+Forums+at&rft.pub=Mmorpg.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mmorpg.com%2Fdiscussion2.cfm%2Fpost%2F5512465%235512465&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreemium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMakuch2013" class="citation web cs1">Makuch, Eddie (2013-03-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130708052342/http://uk.gamespot.com/news/ea-freemium-is-where-things-are-going-6405414">"EA: freemium is 'where things are going' - GameSpot.com"</a>. Uk.gamespot.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.gamespot.com/news/ea-freemium-is-where-things-are-going-6405414">the original</a> on 2013-07-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EA%3A+freemium+is+%27where+things+are+going%27+-+GameSpot.com&rft.pub=Uk.gamespot.com&rft.date=2013-03-15&rft.aulast=Makuch&rft.aufirst=Eddie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.gamespot.com%2Fnews%2Fea-freemium-is-where-things-are-going-6405414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreemium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrubb2014" class="citation web cs1">Grubb, Jeffrey (2014-11-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://venturebeat.com/2014/11/06/south-park-is-right-about-why-the-simpsons-and-family-guy-free-to-play-games-stink/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'South Park' is right about why 'The Simpsons' and 'Family Guy' free-to-play games stink"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Venture_Beat" class="mw-redirect" title="Venture Beat">Venture Beat</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27South+Park%27+is+right+about+why+%27The+Simpsons%27+and+%27Family+Guy%27+free-to-play+games+stink&rft.pub=Venture+Beat&rft.date=2014-11-06&rft.aulast=Grubb&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fventurebeat.com%2F2014%2F11%2F06%2Fsouth-park-is-right-about-why-the-simpsons-and-family-guy-free-to-play-games-stink%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreemium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRad2015" class="citation web cs1">Rad, Chloi (2015-02-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ca.ign.com/articles/2015/02/18/pokemon-shuffle-is-available-now-in-europe-free-for-3ds">"Pokemon Shuffle Is Available Now, Free For 3DS"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pokemon+Shuffle+Is+Available+Now%2C+Free+For+3DS&rft.pub=IGN&rft.date=2015-02-18&rft.aulast=Rad&rft.aufirst=Chloi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fca.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2015%2F02%2F18%2Fpokemon-shuffle-is-available-now-in-europe-free-for-3ds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreemium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nintendo-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nintendo_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nintendo_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDy2015" class="citation web cs1">Dy, Marijim (2015-04-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youthhealthmag.com/articles/13900/20150414/pok%C3%A9mon-rumble-world-recently-released-for-3ds-nintendo-s-newest-freemium-game-doesn-t-steal-your-money-as-much-as-pok%C3%A9mon-shuffle.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Pokémon Rumble World' Recently Released For 3DS; Nintendo's Newest Freemium Game Doesn't Steal Your Money As Much As 'Pokémon Shuffle?'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Youth Health Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Youth+Health+Magazine&rft.atitle=%27Pok%C3%A9mon+Rumble+World%27+Recently+Released+For+3DS%3B+Nintendo%27s+Newest+Freemium+Game+Doesn%27t+Steal+Your+Money+As+Much+As+%27Pok%C3%A9mon+Shuffle%3F%27&rft.date=2015-04-14&rft.aulast=Dy&rft.aufirst=Marijim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthhealthmag.com%2Farticles%2F13900%2F20150414%2Fpok%25C3%25A9mon-rumble-world-recently-released-for-3ds-nintendo-s-newest-freemium-game-doesn-t-steal-your-money-as-much-as-pok%25C3%25A9mon-shuffle.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreemium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freemium&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson,_Chris2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Anderson_(writer)" title="Chris Anderson (writer)">Anderson, Chris</a> (June 24, 2009). <i><a href="/wiki/Free:_The_Future_of_a_Radical_Price" class="mw-redirect" title="Free: The Future of a Radical Price">Free: The Future of a Radical Price</a></i> (1st ed.). Hyperion. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4013-2290-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4013-2290-8"><bdi>978-1-4013-2290-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Free%3A+The+Future+of+a+Radical+Price&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Hyperion&rft.date=2009-06-24&rft.isbn=978-1-4013-2290-8&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreemium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartins2016" class="citation news cs1">Martins, Rui (January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190513113114/http://ruimartinsblog.com/freemium-marketing-strategy-the-good-the-bad-and-the-villain/">"Freemium Marketing Strategy – The Good The Bad and The Villain"</a>. <i>RuiMartinsBlog.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ruimartinsblog.com/freemium-marketing-strategy-the-good-the-bad-and-the-villain/">the original</a> on May 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RuiMartinsBlog.com&rft.atitle=Freemium+Marketing+Strategy+%E2%80%93+The+Good+The+Bad+and+The+Villain&rft.date=2016-01&rft.aulast=Martins&rft.aufirst=Rui&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fruimartinsblog.com%2Ffreemium-marketing-strategy-the-good-the-bad-and-the-villain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreemium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSterling2006" class="citation news cs1">Sterling, Bruce (June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2006/06/blogging-for-dollars/">"Blogging for Dollars"</a>. <i>Wired</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Blogging+for+Dollars&rft.date=2006-06&rft.aulast=Sterling&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2006%2F06%2Fblogging-for-dollars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreemium" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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title="Trialware">Trialware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delivery methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_distribution" title="Digital distribution">Digital distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_sharing" title="File sharing">File sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-premises_software" title="On-premises software">On-premises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-installed_software" title="Pre-installed software">Pre-installed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_bundling" title="Product bundling">Product bundling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail_software" title="Retail software">Retail software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneakernet" title="Sneakernet">Sneakernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">Software as a service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deceptive and/or illicit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unwanted_software_bundling" class="mw-redirect" title="Unwanted software bundling">Unwanted software bundling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">Malware</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infostealer" title="Infostealer">Infostealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ransomware" title="Ransomware">Ransomware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyware" title="Spyware">Spyware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_horse_(computing)" title="Trojan horse (computing)">Trojan horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_worm" title="Computer worm">Worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scareware" title="Scareware">Scareware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shovelware" title="Shovelware">Shovelware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Software release life cycle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abandonware" title="Abandonware">Abandonware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End-of-life_product" title="End-of-life product">End-of-life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_support" title="Long-term support">Long-term support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">Software maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_maintainer" title="Software maintainer">Software maintainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_publisher" title="Software publisher">Software publisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporware" title="Vaporware">Vaporware</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vaporware" title="List of vaporware">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Copy_protection" title="Copy protection">Copy protection</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">Digital rights management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_protection_dongle" title="Software protection dongle">Software protection dongle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/License_manager" class="mw-redirect" title="License manager">License manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_activation" title="Product activation">Product activation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_key" title="Product key">Product key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_copyright" title="Software copyright">Software copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_license_server" title="Software license server">Software license server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_patent" title="Software patent">Software patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrent_poisoning" title="Torrent poisoning">Torrent poisoning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_game_monetization" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_game_monetization" title="Template:Video game monetization"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_game_monetization" title="Template talk:Video game monetization"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_game_monetization" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video game monetization"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Video_game_monetization" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_monetization" title="Video game monetization">Video game monetization</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_distribution" title="Digital distribution">Digital distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downloadable_content" title="Downloadable content">Downloadable content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Games_as_a_service" title="Games as a service">Games as a service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtransaction" title="Microtransaction">Microtransactions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adware" title="Adware">Advertising-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockchain_game" title="Blockchain game">Blockchain game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy-to-play" title="Buy-to-play">Buy-to-play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-to-play" title="Free-to-play">Free-to-play</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Freemium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">Freeware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premium_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Premium game">Premium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shareware" title="Shareware">Shareware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subscription_business_model" title="Subscription business model">Subscription-based</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pay-to-play" title="Pay-to-play">Pay-to-play</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approaches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loot_box" title="Loot box">Loot box</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gacha_game" title="Gacha game"><i>Gacha</i> games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Season_pass_(video_games)" title="Season pass (video games)">Season pass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_pass" title="Battle pass">Battle pass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_gambling" title="Skin gambling">Skin gambling‎</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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