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SDK Build Tools release notes | Android Studio | Android Developers
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tooltip>systrace ⍈</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/tools/perfetto" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /tools/perfetto" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/tools/perfetto" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>perfetto</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/tools/zipalign" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /tools/zipalign" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/tools/zipalign" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>zipalign</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/tools/variables" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /tools/variables" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" 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track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Get Android Studio </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Get started </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/get-started/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Hello world" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Hello world </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/courses" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Training courses" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Training courses </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/get-started/codelabs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Tutorials" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Tutorials </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/kotlin" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Kotlin for Android" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Kotlin for Android </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://play.google.com/console/about/guides/monetize/" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Monetization with Play ↗️" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Monetization with Play ↗️ </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Extend by device </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/adaptive-apps" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Adaptive apps" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Adaptive apps </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/wear" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Wear OS" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Wear OS </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/cars" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android for Cars" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android for Cars </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/tv" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android TV" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android TV </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/chrome-os" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: ChromeOS" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > ChromeOS </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/multi-device-development" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cross-device SDK" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Cross-device SDK </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Build by category </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/games" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Games" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Games </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/media" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Camera & Media" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Camera & Media </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/social-and-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Social & messaging" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Social & messaging </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/health-and-fitness" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Health & Fitness" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Health & Fitness </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/productivity" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Productivity" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Productivity </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/work/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Enterprise apps" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Enterprise apps </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Get the latest </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/latest-updates" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Latest updates" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Latest updates </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/latest-updates/experimental" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Experimental updates" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Experimental updates </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/studio/preview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android Studio preview" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android Studio preview </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/jetpack/androidx/versions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Jetpack & Compose libraries" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Jetpack & Compose libraries </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/training/wearables/versions/4" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Wear OS preview" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Wear OS preview </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design-for-safety/privacy-sandbox" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Privacy Sandbox" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Privacy Sandbox </span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Design & Plan" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > UI Design </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design/ui" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Design for Android" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Design for Android </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design/ui/mobile" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Mobile" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Mobile </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design/ui/large-screens" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Large screens (e.g., tablets)" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Large screens (e.g., tablets) </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design/ui/widget" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Widgets" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Widgets </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design/ui/wear" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Wear OS" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Wear OS </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design/ui/tv" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android TV" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android TV </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Architecture </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/topic/architecture/intro" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Introduction" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Introduction </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/topic/libraries/view-binding" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Libraries" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Libraries </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/guide/navigation/navigation-principles" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Navigation" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Navigation </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/topic/modularization" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Modularization" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Modularization </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/training/testing/fundamentals" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Testing" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Testing </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Quality </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quality" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Overview" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Overview </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quality/core-value" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Core value" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Core value </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quality/user-experience" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: User experience" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > User experience </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quality/technical" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Technical quality" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Technical quality </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quality/privacy-and-security" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Security" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Security </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Security </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/security" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Overview" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Overview </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/privacy-and-security/about" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Privacy" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Privacy </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/identity" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Identity" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Identity </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/security/fraud-prevention" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Fraud prevention" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Fraud prevention </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Build for Billions </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/build-for-billions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Overview" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Overview </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/quality-guidelines/build-for-billions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: About new markets" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > About new markets </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/guide/topics/androidgo" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android (Go edition)" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android (Go edition) </span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Develop" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Build AI experiences </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/ai" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Get started" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Get started </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Core areas </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/samples" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Samples" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Samples </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quick-guides" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Try Quick Guidesᵇᵉᵗᵃ" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Try Quick Guidesᵇᵉᵗᵃ </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/develop/ui" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: User interfaces" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > User interfaces </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/guide/topics/permissions/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Permissions" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Permissions </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/develop/background-work" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Background work" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Background work </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/guide/topics/data" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Data and files" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Data and files </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/develop#core-areas" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: All core areas ⤵️" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > All core areas ⤵️ </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Tools and workflow </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/studio/write" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Write and debug code" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Write and debug code </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/build/gradle-build-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Build projects" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Build projects </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/training/testing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Test your app" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Test your app </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/topic/performance/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Performance" track-type="navMenu" 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</ul> <devsite-thumb-rating position="header"> </devsite-thumb-rating> </div> <h1 class="devsite-page-title" tabindex="-1"> SDK Build Tools release notes </h1> <devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> <span slot="popout-heading"> Stay organized with collections </span> <span slot="popout-contents"> Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"><devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes></div> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <devsite-recommendations-dropdown class="nocontent"></devsite-recommendations-dropdown> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> <p>Android SDK Build-Tools is a component of the Android SDK required for building Android apps. It's installed in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><sdk>/build-tools/</code> directory.</p> <p>You should always keep your Build Tools component updated by downloading the latest version using the <a href="/studio/intro/update">Android SDK Manager</a>. If you're using <a href="/studio/releases/gradle-plugin#3-0-0">Android plugin for Gradle 3.0.0</a> or higher, your project automatically uses a default version of the build tools that the plugin specifies. To use a different version of the build tools, specify it using <a href="https://google.github.io/android-gradle-dsl/current/com.android.build.gradle.AppExtension.html#com.android.build.gradle.AppExtension:buildToolsVersion"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">buildToolsVersion</code></a> in your module's <code translate="no" dir="ltr">build.gradle</code>, as follows:</p> <div> <div class="ds-selector-tabs"><section><h3 id="groovy" data-text="Groovy" tabindex="-1">Groovy</h3> <pre class="prettyprint lang-groovy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> android { buildToolsVersion "34.0.0" ... } </pre> </section><section><h3 id="kts" data-text="Kotlin" tabindex="-1">Kotlin</h3> <pre class="prettyprint lang-kotlin" translate="no" dir="ltr"> android { buildToolsVersion = "34.0.0" ... } </pre> </section></div> </div> <h2 id="notes" data-text="Revisions" tabindex="-1">Revisions</h2> <p>The sections below provide notes about releases of the Build Tools. To determine which revisions of the Build Tools are available in your SDK, refer to the <em>Installed Packages</em> listing in the Android SDK Manager.</p> <section class="expandable expanded"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 34.0.0 RC3<em>(April 2023)</em></p> <p>General bug fixes and improvements.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 34.0.0 <em>(February 2023)</em></p> <p>This update includes support for building with Android 14 preview APIs.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 33.0.2 <em>(February 2023)</em></p> <p>This update fixes the following issue:</p> <ul> <li> <code translate="no" dir="ltr">core-lambda-stubs.jar</code> version 33.0.0 differs on macOS versus Linux/Windows. (See <a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/237299698">issue #237299698</a>.) </li> </ul> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 33.0.1 <em>(November 2022)</em></p> <p>This update fixes the following issue:</p> <ul> <li> AIDL fails with build-tools 33.0.0. (See <a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/236167971">issue #236167971</a>) </li> </ul> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 30.0.0 rc4 <em>(May 2020)</em></p> <p>This update includes support for building with Android 11 Preview APIs.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 29.0.3 <em>(January 2020)</em></p> <p>This update fixes the following issue:</p> <ul> <li> Build issue with Renderscript on macOS Catalina. (See <a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/142590626">issue #142590626</a>) </li> </ul> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 29.0.2 <em>(August 2019)</em></p> <p>This update fixes the following issue:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/133169129">librsjni_androidx.so SIGSEGV</a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 29.0.0 <em>(June 2019)</em></p> <p>This update includes support for building with API level 29.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 28.0.3 <em>(September 2018)</em></p> <p>This update includes support for <a href="/studio/releases/gradle-plugin#3-2-0">Android Gradle plugin 3.2.0</a> and fixes the following issues:</p> <ul> <li> Fixed a JNI library bug that caused apps to crash when calling <code translate="no" dir="ltr">androidx.renderscript.RenderScript.create()</code>. </li> <li> Fixed a bug that caused <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Program type already present</code> build errors with <code translate="no" dir="ltr">androidx.annotation</code> resources. </li> </ul> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 28.0.2 <em>(August 2018)</em></p> <p>Includes the latest version of <a href="/studio/command-line/d8">D8</a>.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 27.0.3 <em>(December 2017)</em></p> <p>Improves support for compiling lambdas when you enable <a href="/studio/write/java8-support">Java 8 language features</a>.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 27.0.2 <em>(December 2017)</em></p> <p>Improves support for <a href="/studio/write/java8-support">Java 8 language features</a>.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 27.0.1 <em>(November 2017)</em></p> <p>Adds support for legacy multidex for test APKs. (<a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/37324038">Issue #37324038</a>) </p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 26.0.2 <em>(October 2017)</em></p> <p>In addition to general bug fixes, this release includes the following updates:</p> <ul> <li>Updates <code translate="no" dir="ltr">apksigner</code> to version 0.8: <ul> <li>Compatibility with Java 9. (<a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/37137869">Issue #37137869</a>) </li> <li> New <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--pass-encoding</code> parameter to handle keystores and keys that are encrypted using non-ASCII passwords. If you switch to Java 9 and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">apksigner</code> fails to decrypt your keystore or key, use this parameter to specify the character encoding you used to create the keystore or key. For more information, see the <a href="/studio/command-line/apksigner#options-sign-key-cert"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">apksigner</code> documentation</a> or run <code translate="no" dir="ltr">apksigner sign --help</code> from the commandline. </li> <li> Better error message when <code translate="no" dir="ltr">apksigner</code> can't verify a JAR signature due to an unsupported digest or signature algorithm. (<a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/63525618">Issue #63525618</a>) </li> </ul> </li> <li> Support for AAPT2 daemon mode when using <a href="/studio/build/gradle-plugin-3-0-0-migration">Android plugin for Gradle <code translate="no" dir="ltr">3.0.0-beta7</code></a> or higher. </li> </ul> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 26.0.1 <em>(July 2017)</em></p> <p>In addition to general bug fixes, this release restores <code translate="no" dir="ltr">apksigner</code> to the build tools package (it was omitted by mistake in version 26.0.0) and includes the following updates to the tool:</p> <ul> <li>Adds PKCS #11 support to allow signing with keys held in secure hardware. (<a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/37140484">Issue #37140484</a>) </li> <li>Adds support for loading additional <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/crypto/CryptoSpec.html#Provider" class="external-link">JCA Providers</a> before signing. </li> <li>Honors <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><a href="/reference/android/R.attr#targetSandboxVersion">android:targetSandboxVersion</a></code> when verifying APKs. </li> <li>When signing, rejects APKs with files that include 'CR' (carriage return), 'LF' (line feed), or 'NUL' (null) special characters in the file name. </li> <li>Fixes <code translate="no" dir="ltr">apksigner.bat</code> to correctly handle parameters containing spaces. (<a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/38132450">Issue #38132450</a>)</li> <li>Fixes a bug in JAR signature verification when multiple digests are present for the same entry in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">MANIFEST.MF</code>. (<a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/38497270">Issue #38497270</a>) </li> </ul> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 26.0.0 <em>(June 2017)</em></p> <p>Adds support for building with API level 26 and contains general bug fixes.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 25.0.3 <em>(April 2017)</em></p> <p>Updates to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">apksigner</code>:</p> <ul> <li>Added <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--in</code> parameter for symmetry with existing <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--out</code> parameter.</li> <li>If you do not specify the key password using <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--key-pass</code>, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">apksigner</code> uses the keystore password as key password. However, if the key requires a different password, you are now prompted to enter the key password from the command line. (<a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/37134986">Issue #37134986</a>)</li> <li>Added compatibility with <code translate="no" dir="ltr">jarsigner</code> for non-ASCII passwords. (<a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/37135737">Issue #37135737</a>)</li> </ul> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 25.0.2 <em>(December 2016)</em></p> <p>Bug fixes.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 25.0.1 <em>(November 2016)</em></p> <p>This release includes bug fixes and the following improvements to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">apksigner</code>:</p> <ul> <li>Support for APKs with obfuscated JAR entry names.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">--print-certs</code> switch now also dumps MD5 fingerprints.</li> </ul> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 25.0.0 <em>(October 2016)</em></p> <p> Bug fixes for the Jack toolchain: </p> <ul> <li>Fixed issue with Jack supporting non-ASCII source files. (<a href="https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=218892">Issue #218892</a>) </li> <li>Fixed issue that causes an <code translate="no" dir="ltr">AssertionError</code> during some compilations. (<a href="https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=208414">Issue #208414</a>) </li> </ul> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 24.0.3 <em>(September 2016)</em></p> <ul> <li>Added <a href="/studio/command-line/apksigner"> <code translate="no" dir="ltr">apksigner</code></a>, an APK signing tool to replace <code translate="no" dir="ltr">jarsigner</code>. By default, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">apksigner</code> signs APKs using the conventional JAR signing scheme (used by <code translate="no" dir="ltr">jarsigner</code>) and the <a href="/about/versions/nougat/android-7.0#apk_signature_v2">APK Signature Scheme v2</a> introduced in Android 7.0 (API level 24). Any modification to an APK signed with APK Signature Scheme v2 invalidates its signature. Thus, APK post-processing, such as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">zipalign</code>, must be performed before <code translate="no" dir="ltr">apksigner</code> is invoked, not after. Invoking <code translate="no" dir="ltr">zipalign</code> before <code translate="no" dir="ltr">apksigner</code> works fine because <code translate="no" dir="ltr">apksigner</code> preserves APK alignment and compression (unlike <code translate="no" dir="ltr">jarsigner</code>).</li> </ul> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 23.0.3 <em>(March 2016)</em></p> <ul> <li>Fix issues in the <a href="/guide/topics/renderscript/compute">RenderScript</a> Support Library on arm64 devices.</li> <li>Fix issues in the <a href="/guide/topics/renderscript/compute">RenderScript</a> Support Library on certain Jelly Bean devices.</li> <li>Support <code translate="no" dir="ltr">renderscriptTargetAPI 21+</code> when using Android Plugin for Gradle, Revision 2.1.0 and above .</li> </ul> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 23.0.2 <em>(November 2015)</em></p> <ul> <li>Improved the merging performance of the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">dx</code> tool.</li> <li>Fixed issues in the <a href="/guide/topics/renderscript/compute">RenderScript</a> compiler for Windows.</li> </ul> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 23.0.1 <em>(October 2015)</em></p> <p>Fixed issues in the RenderScript tools.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 23.0.0 <em>(August 2015)</em></p> <p>Added support for the Android 6.0 (API level 23) release.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 22.0.1 <em>(March 2015)</em></p> <p>Fixed compatibility issues with <a href="/guide/topics/renderscript/compute">RenderScript</a> kernels on Android 4.4 (API level 19) to Android 4.1 (API level 16) devices.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 22.0.0 <em>(March 2015)</em></p> <p>Added support for Android 5.1 (API level 22).</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 21.1.2 <em>(February 2015)</em></p> <p>Fixed problem with building data layouts in 32-bit mode.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 21.1.1 <em>(November 2014)</em></p> <p>Fixed multidex script issues.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 21.1 <em>(October 2014)</em></p> <p>Added multidex file support for APKs and Jack support to address the 64K method reference limit.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 21.0.2 <em>(October 2014)</em></p> <p>Complete updates for Eclipse ADT to solve instability issues on Windows platforms.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 21.0.1 <em>(October 2014)</em></p> <p>Initial updates for Eclipse ADT on Windows. Please use Revision 21.0.2.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 21.0.0 <em>(October 2014)</em></p> <dl> <dt>General Notes:</dt> <dd> <ul> <li>Added support for Android 5.0 (API level 21).</li> <li>RenderScript now supports seamless 32/64-bit operation for API level 21 and higher.</li> <li>Fixed issue with the Gradle build system when using the JaCoCo plugin. (<a href="http://b.android.com/69174">Issue 69174</a>)</li> <li>Added an <em>input-list</em> option for use with long command lines on Windows.</li> </ul> </dd> </dl> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 20.0.0 <em>(June 2014)</em></p> <dl> <dt>General Notes:</dt> <dd> <ul> <li>Added support for Android Wear.</li> </ul> </dd> </dl> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 19.1.0 <em>(May 2014)</em></p> <dl> <dt>General Notes:</dt> <dd> <ul> <li>Added <code translate="no" dir="ltr">zipalign</code> to the Build Tools.</li> <li>Modified <code translate="no" dir="ltr">aapt</code> to ignore XML files that fail to compile.</li> </ul> </dd> </dl> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 19.0.3 <em>(March 2014)</em></p> <p>Fixed an issue with RenderScript support.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 19.0.2 <em>(February 2014)</em></p> <dl> <dt>Fixed RenderScript build issues:</dt> <dd> <ul> <li>Fixed a problem with RenderScript bitcode encoding. (<a href="http://b.android.com/64775">Issue 64775</a>) </li> <li>Fixed a problem with RenderScript missing math symbols (<a href="http://b.android.com/64110">Issue 64110</a>) </li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <p></p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 19.0.1 <em>(December 2013)</em></p> <dl> <dt>Fixed miscellaneous build issues:</dt> <dd> <ul> <li>Fixed support for compiling RenderScript in NDK mode with Gradle.</li> <li>Fixed <code translate="no" dir="ltr">BufferOverflowException</code> problem in the dx build. (<a href="http://b.android.com/61710">Issue 61710</a>) </li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <p></p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 19 <em>(October 2013)</em></p> <p>Added support for Android 4.4 (API level 19) build targets.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 18.1.1 <em>(September 2013)</em></p> <p>Fixed several minor build issues.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 18.1.0 <em>(September 2013)</em></p> <p>Fixed issue with RenderScript support mode.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 18.0.1 <em>(July 2013)</em></p> <p>Added support for Android 4.3 (API level 18) build targets.</p> </section> <section class="expandable"> <p class="expand-control">Build Tools, Revision 17 <em>(May 2013)</em></p> <p>Initial release.</p> <dl> <dt>General Notes:</dt> <dd> <ul> <li>Included support for Android 4.2 (API level 17) build targets.</li> <li>Decoupled the build-specific components of the Android SDK from the platform-tools component, so that the build tools can be updated independently of the integrated development environment (IDE) components.</li> </ul> </dd> </dl> </section> <devsite-hats-survey class="nocontent" hats-id="VxqvKSur40kxBYCLVTd0SSGykbno" listnr-id="5207477"></devsite-hats-survey> </div> <devsite-recommendations display="in-page" hidden yield> </devsite-recommendations> <devsite-thumb-rating position="footer"> </devsite-thumb-rating> <devsite-recommendations id="recommendations-link" yield></devsite-recommendations> <div class="devsite-floating-action-buttons"> </div> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> <p>Content and code samples on this page are subject to the licenses described in the <a href="/license">Content License</a>. 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