Design for Safety | App quality | Android Developers

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tooltip > Google Play services ↗️ </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://play.google.com/sdks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Play SDK index ↗️" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Play SDK index ↗️ </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </devsite-book-nav> <section id="gc-wrapper"> <main role="main" class="devsite-main-content" has-book-nav has-sidebar > <div class="devsite-sidebar"> <div class="devsite-sidebar-content"> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" role="navigation" aria-label="On this page" depth="2" scrollbars ></devsite-toc> <devsite-recommendations-sidebar class="nocontent devsite-nav"> </devsite-recommendations-sidebar> </div> </div> <devsite-content> <article class="devsite-article"><style> /* Styles inlined from /assets/css/design-for-safety.css */ .centered-value-props .devsite-landing-row-item-description .devsite-landing-row-item-body { align-items: center; justify-items: center; padding-top: 50px; padding-bottom: 50px; } .centered-value-props .devsite-landing-row-item-description .devsite-landing-row-item-body ul { list-style-image: url(/images/quality/privacy-and-security/check-active.svg); } .android-11-prop { background: rgba(246, 218, 0, 0.1) } .android-12-prop { background: rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.1) } .android-13-prop { background: rgba(61, 220, 132, 0.1) } </style> <div class="devsite-article-meta nocontent" role="navigation"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <a href="https://developer.android.com/" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="Android Developers" > Android Developers </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://developer.android.com/design" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="2" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="2" track-metadata-eventdetail="" > Design & Plan </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://developer.android.com/quality" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="3" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="3" track-metadata-eventdetail="App quality" > App quality </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://developer.android.com/quality/privacy-and-security" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="4" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="4" track-metadata-eventdetail="" > Privacy & Security </a> </li> </ul> </div> <devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> <span slot="popout-heading"> Stay organized with collections </span> <span slot="popout-contents"> Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <devsite-recommendations-dropdown class="nocontent"></devsite-recommendations-dropdown> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-1-up devsite-landing-row-hero devsite-landing-row-50 devsite-landing-row-no-image-background devsite-landing-row-padding-large android-decorative-media android-split-hero" header-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-media "> <figure class="devsite-landing-row-item-image"> <picture> <img alt="" src="https://developer.android.com/static/images/quality/hero-images/privacy_security_highlighted.svg" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/quality/hero-images/privacy_security_highlighted.svg" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, (max-width: 840px) 50vw, 708px" fetchpriority="high"> </picture> </figure> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="design-for-safety" data-text="Design for Safety" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> Design for Safety </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> <p>Android is secure by default and private by design. And Google Play designs policies and guidelines to create a safe ecosystem.</p> <p>Design for privacy by focusing on minimization. Minimize permission requests, minimize location access, and minimize data visibility across apps.</p> <p>Design for security by following best practices for encryption, integrity, and authentication.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-4-up android-grouped-resources-secondary" header-position="left" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <header class="devsite-landing-row-header" icon-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon-container" size="large" > <picture> <img class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon" alt="" src="https://developer.android.com/static/images/hero-assets/platform-privacy-cropped.svg" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/hero-assets/platform-privacy-cropped.svg" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" > </picture> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-text"> <h2 id="best-practices" data-text="Best practices" tabindex="0"> Best practices </h2> <div class="devsite-landing-row-description"> See guidance to help you design, implement, and distribute safe, security, and private apps. </div> </div> </header> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="ensure-user-privacy" data-text="Ensure user privacy" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/privacy/best-practices"> Ensure user privacy </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Provide transparency for users, give control over private data access, and treat data responsibly. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="ensure-app-security" data-text="Ensure app security" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/topic/security/best-practices"> Ensure app security </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Work with network communications, data storage, permissions, and app dependencies. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="google-play-requirements" data-text="Google Play requirements" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/docs/quality-guidelines/core-app-quality#sc"> Google Play requirements </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Design for compliance with Google Play policies to improve the user experience and create a safer ecosystem. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="sdk-best-practices" data-text="SDK best practices" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/guide/practices/sdk-best-practices"> SDK best practices </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Follow best practices for user safety, whether you're developing an app or creating an SDK. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-1-up" header-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-html"> <hr> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-3-up android-value-props" header-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <header class="devsite-landing-row-header" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-text"> <h2 id="android-privacy-enhancements-over-time" data-text="Android privacy enhancements over time" tabindex="0"> Android privacy enhancements over time </h2> <div class="devsite-landing-row-description"> As threats to privacy evolve, the Android platform adds features and enhancements to help you protect users. See a timeline of features by release. </div> </div> </header> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media centered-value-props android-11-prop" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="picture-source-classdevsite-dark-theme-srcsetstaticimagesqualityprivacy-and-securityandroid11svg-mediaprefers-color-scheme-dark-altandroid-11-img-srcstaticimagesqualityprivacy-and-securityandroid11svg-altandroid-11-picture" data-text=" " class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11/privacy"> <picture> <source class="devsite-dark-theme" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/quality/privacy-and-security/Android11.svg" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" alt="Android 11"> <img src="/static/images/quality/privacy-and-security/Android11.svg" alt="Android 11"> </picture> </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> <ul> <li>Scoped storage enhancements</li> <li>Separate request for background location</li> <li>Data access auditing</li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-buttons"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11/privacy" class="button button-white " >Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media centered-value-props android-12-prop" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="picture-source-classdevsite-dark-theme-srcsetstaticimagesqualityprivacy-and-securityandroid12svg-mediaprefers-color-scheme-dark-altandroid-12-img-srcstaticimagesqualityprivacy-and-securityandroid12svg-altandroid-12-picture" data-text=" " class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12/behavior-changes-all#security-privacy"> <picture> <source class="devsite-dark-theme" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/quality/privacy-and-security/Android12.svg" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" alt="Android 12"> <img src="/static/images/quality/privacy-and-security/Android12.svg" alt="Android 12"> </picture> </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> <ul> <li>Approximate location</li> <li>Privacy dashboard</li> <li>Bluetooth permissions<br><br></li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-buttons"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12/behavior-changes-all#security-privacy" class="button button-white " >Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media centered-value-props android-13-prop" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="picture-source-classdevsite-dark-theme-srcsetstaticimagesqualityprivacy-and-securityandroid13svg-mediaprefers-color-scheme-dark-altandroid-13-img-srcstaticimagesqualityprivacy-and-securityandroid13svg-altandroid-13-picture" data-text=" " class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/about/versions/13/features#privacy-security"> <picture> <source class="devsite-dark-theme" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/quality/privacy-and-security/Android13.svg" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" alt="Android 13"> <img src="/static/images/quality/privacy-and-security/Android13.svg" alt="Android 13"> </picture> </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> <ul> <li>Notification permission</li> <li>Wi-Fi and storage permissions</li> <li>Photo picker<br><br></li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-buttons"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/about/versions/13/features#privacy-security" class="button button-white " >Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-1-up android-value-props" header-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <header class="devsite-landing-row-header" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-text"> <h2 id="build-apps-to-be-private" data-text="Build apps to be private" tabindex="0"> Build apps to be private </h2> <div class="devsite-landing-row-description"> Android is private by design. As the Android platform evolves, it continues to introduce new privacy-preserving capabilities. Because users are becoming more aware of the information that apps can collect, it's important to take proactive steps in your apps to maintain user trust. </div> </div> </header> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-buttons"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/privacy/cheat-sheet" class="button button-primary " >View cheat sheet</a> <a href="https://developer.android.com/codelabs/android-privacy-codelab" class="button " >View codelab</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-3-up android-grouped-resources-secondary" header-position="left" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <header class="devsite-landing-row-header" icon-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon-container" size="large" > <picture> <source class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon devsite-dark-theme" alt="" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/picto-icons/actionable_dt.svg" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" > <img class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon" alt="" src="https://developer.android.com/static/images/picto-icons/actionable.svg" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/picto-icons/actionable.svg" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" > </picture> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-text"> <h2 id="minimize-permissions" data-text="Minimize permissions" tabindex="0"> Minimize permissions </h2> <div class="devsite-landing-row-description"> Learn how your app can fulfill without requesting runtime permissions, and how to remove permissions your app no longer requires. </div> </div> </header> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="minimize-your-permissions" data-text="Minimize your permissions" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/evaluating"> Minimize your permissions </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Before you declare permissions in your app, consider whether you need to do. Learn how the system can help you. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="new-photos-videos" data-text="New photos & videos" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/evaluating#take-photo"> New photos & videos </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Send a request to the device's default camera app to take photos and videos, without requesting any camera-related permissions. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="existing-photos-videos" data-text="Existing photos & videos" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage/shared/photopicker"> Existing photos & videos </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Use the system photo picker, which allows users to choose specific media items to share with your app. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="app-specific-data" data-text="App-specific data" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage/app-specific"> App-specific data </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Use the system-provided folder for app-specific information. Your app doesn't need any storage permissions to access this folder. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="nearby-devices" data-text="Nearby devices" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/evaluating#pair-over-bluetooth"> Nearby devices </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Use companion device pairing to find nearby devices without declaring location permissions. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="permission-downgrading" data-text="Permission downgrading" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting#remove-access"> Permission downgrading </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> If your app targets Android 13 or higher, the self-revoke APIs allow your app to revoke access to already-granted permissions that your app no longer requires. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-4-up android-grouped-resources-secondary" header-position="left" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <header class="devsite-landing-row-header" icon-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon-container" size="large" > <picture> <source class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon devsite-dark-theme" alt="" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/picto-icons/location_dt.svg" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" > <img class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon" alt="" src="https://developer.android.com/static/images/picto-icons/location.svg" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/picto-icons/location.svg" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" > </picture> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-text"> <h2 id="minimize-location-access" data-text="Minimize location access" tabindex="0"> Minimize location access </h2> <div class="devsite-landing-row-description"> Specifically, minimize the precision and frequency of location access. </div> </div> </header> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="location-accuracy" data-text="Location accuracy" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/location/permissions#accuracy"> Location accuracy </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Wait to upgrade to precise location until the user is actively using features that require precise location. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="background-location" data-text="Background location" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/location/background"> Background location </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Foreground location should fulfil most of the use cases. Only use background location when there is no alternative. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="nearby-bluetooth-devices" data-text="Nearby Bluetooth devices" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/bluetooth/permissions"> Nearby Bluetooth devices </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> If your app targets Android 12 or higher, many APIs for nearby Bluetooth devices don't require location access. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="nearby-wi-fi-devices" data-text="Nearby Wi-Fi devices" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/wifi-permissions"> Nearby Wi-Fi devices </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> If your app targets Android 13 or higher, many APIs for nearby Wi-Fi devices don't require location access. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-2-up android-grouped-resources-secondary" header-position="left" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <header class="devsite-landing-row-header" icon-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon-container" size="large" > <picture> <source class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon devsite-dark-theme" alt="" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/picto-icons/reduce_dt.svg" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" > <img class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon" alt="" src="https://developer.android.com/static/images/picto-icons/reduce.svg" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/picto-icons/reduce.svg" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" > </picture> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-text"> <h2 id="minimize-data" data-text="Minimize data" tabindex="0"> Minimize data </h2> <div class="devsite-landing-row-description"> In your app, minimize the visibility into the set of other installed apps and your use of non-resettable device identifiers. </div> </div> </header> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="package-visibility" data-text="Package visibility" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/package-visibility/declaring"> Package visibility </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> If your app targets Android 11 or higher, declare the set of packages that you expect your app to interact with. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="device-identifiers" data-text="Device identifiers" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/articles/user-data-ids#common-use-cases"> Device identifiers </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Use the appropriate user-resettable identifier for your app's use case. Starting in Android 12, the system restricts the set of device identifiers that apps can use. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-3-up android-grouped-resources-secondary" header-position="left" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <header class="devsite-landing-row-header" icon-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon-container" size="large" > <picture> <source class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon devsite-dark-theme" alt="" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/picto-icons/security_dt.svg" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" > <img class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon" alt="" src="https://developer.android.com/static/images/picto-icons/security.svg" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/picto-icons/security.svg" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" > </picture> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-text"> <h2 id="give-users-control" data-text="Give users control" tabindex="0"> Give users control </h2> <div class="devsite-landing-row-description"> Help users understand how your app accesses their data, and give users more control. </div> </div> </header> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="in-context-permission-requests" data-text="In-context permission requests" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting#workflow_for_requesting_permissions"> In-context permission requests </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Wait until the user is about to interact with the feature that requires a permission before requesting that permission. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Policy</span> </div> <h3 id="prominent-disclosure" data-text="Prominent disclosure" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://support.google.com/googleplay/android-developer/answer/11150561"> Prominent disclosure </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Learn when your app must provide separate, in-app disclosures to explain the reason for accessing particularly sensitive permissions. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="permission-rationale" data-text="Permission rationale" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting#explain"> Permission rationale </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Each time you request a permission, check whether you should show an educational UI to users. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="data-access" data-text="Data access" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/data/audit-access"> Data access </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Use data access auditing APIs to detect when your app, or an SDK dependency, performs operations that are associated with a permission. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="permission-denials" data-text="Permission denials" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting#handle-denial"> Permission denials </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> If the user denies a permission, your app should still work as well as it can without the permission. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Policy</span> </div> <h3 id="data-collection-sharing" data-text="Data collection & sharing" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/data/collect-share"> Data collection & sharing </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> In the Google Play Console, declare the types of user data that your app collects and shares. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-4-up android-grouped-resources-secondary" header-position="left" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <header class="devsite-landing-row-header" icon-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon-container" size="large" > <picture> <source class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon devsite-dark-theme" alt="" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/picto-icons/personal_dt.svg" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" > <img class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon" alt="" src="https://developer.android.com/static/images/picto-icons/personal.svg" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/picto-icons/personal.svg" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" > </picture> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-text"> <h2 id="review-what-your-users-see" data-text="Review what your users see" tabindex="0"> Review what your users see </h2> <div class="devsite-landing-row-description"> Be aware of how the system makes users more aware of the information that apps access and collect. </div> </div> </header> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Feature</span> </div> <h3 id="camera-microphone-indicators" data-text="Camera & microphone indicators" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/explaining-access#indicators"> Camera & microphone indicators </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Starting in Android 12, the system shows an icon when an app accesses sensors that capture sensitive information. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Feature</span> </div> <h3 id="clipboard-access" data-text="Clipboard access" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/develop/ui/views/touch-and-input/copy-paste#PastingSystemNotifications"> Clipboard access </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Starting in Android 12, users are notified each time an app reads clipboard data that originated from a different app. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Feature</span> </div> <h3 id="privacy-dashboard" data-text="Privacy Dashboard" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/explaining-access#privacy-dashboard"> Privacy Dashboard </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Starting in Android 12, the system provides an timeline view of permissions accessed by apps. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Feature</span> </div> <h3 id="permission-auto-revoke" data-text="Permission auto-revoke" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/topic/performance/app-hibernation"> Permission auto-revoke </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> On all devices running Android 11 or higher, and on many devices that run Android 6.0 or higher, the system automatically revokes permissions from unused apps. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-1-up devsite-landing-row-large-headings devsite-landing-row-75 android-section-intro-full-width" header-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> <h3 id="security" data-text="Build apps to be secure by default" tabindex="-1">Build apps to be secure by default</h3> <p>Android’s goal is to be the safest mobile platform in the world. We consistently invest in technologies that bolster the security of the platform, its apps, and the global Android ecosystem.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-3-up android-grouped-resources-primary" header-position="left" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <header class="devsite-landing-row-header" icon-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon-container" size="large" > <picture> <source class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon devsite-dark-theme" alt="" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/picto-icons/security_dt.svg" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" > <img class="devsite-landing-row-header-icon" alt="" src="https://developer.android.com/static/images/picto-icons/security.svg" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/picto-icons/security.svg" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" > </picture> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-text"> <h2 id="design-for-security" data-text="Design for security" tabindex="0"> Design for security </h2> <div class="devsite-landing-row-description"> Learn about best practices for encryption, integrity, and the overall app security lifecycle. </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-buttons"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/topic/security/best-practices" class="button " >Best practices</a> </div> </header> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="protect-against-fraud-and-abuse" data-text="Protect against fraud and abuse" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/google/play/integrity/overview"> Protect against fraud and abuse </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Use the Play Integrity API to detect potentially risky and fraudulent interactions, such as cheating and unauthorized access. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="authenticate-with-credential-manager" data-text="Authenticate with Credential Manager" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/sign-in/passkeys"> Authenticate with Credential Manager </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Credential Manager is the modern Jetpack authentication library that supports passkeys, federated sign-in solutions such as Sign-in with Google, and legacy username/password authentication. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="authenticate-with-biometrics" data-text="Authenticate with biometrics" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/sign-in/biometric-auth"> Authenticate with biometrics </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Use the Jetpack Biometric library to take advantage of a device's biometric sensors when authenticating users in your app. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="communicate-securely" data-text="Communicate securely" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-ssl"> Communicate securely </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> HTTPS and SSL provide secure protocols for transferring data between your app and servers. A number of common errors can lead to insecure data transfer. Check for these in your app. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="encrypt-your-data" data-text="Encrypt your data" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/topic/security/data"> Encrypt your data </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Where data is sensitive, encrypt it in the app's private storage to make it less accessible if the device is stolen and gets compromised. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media fully-clickable" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Guide</span> </div> <h3 id="be-the-first-to-know" data-text="Be the first to know" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/android/play-protect/starting-a-vdp"> Be the first to know </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Set up a vulnerability disclosure program (VDP) to provide guidelines for security researchers to disclose any previously undetected vulnerabilities to you. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-1-up devsite-landing-row-50 devsite-landing-row-no-image-background devsite-landing-row-padding-xlarge android-feature-callout" header-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-media devsite-landing-row-item-media-left "> <figure class="devsite-landing-row-item-image"> <a href="https://services.google.com/fb/forms/privacysandbox/"> <picture> <source class="devsite-dark-theme" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/cluster-illustrations/private-by-design-16-9.svg" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" alt="" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, (max-width: 840px) 50vw, 708px" loading="lazy" > <img alt="" src="https://developer.android.com/static/images/cluster-illustrations/private-by-design-16-9.svg" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/cluster-illustrations/private-by-design-16-9.svg" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, (max-width: 840px) 50vw, 708px" loading="lazy" > </picture> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="help-us-design-privacy-preserving-apis-for-advertising" data-text="Help us design privacy preserving APIs for advertising" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://services.google.com/fb/forms/privacysandbox/"> Help us design privacy preserving APIs for advertising </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> To contribute to the Privacy Sandbox effort or just follow along, sign up to receive regular updates. </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-buttons"> <a href="https://services.google.com/fb/forms/privacysandbox/" class="button " >Sign up</a> <a href="https://developer.android.com/design-for-safety/privacy-sandbox" class="button " >Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-1-up devsite-landing-row-67 devsite-landing-row-no-image-background android-promo" header-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item fully-clickable" description-position="left" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-media "> <figure class="devsite-landing-row-item-image"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/distribute/play-policies"> <picture> <source class="devsite-dark-theme" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/cluster-illustrations/quality-guidelines_dt.svg" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" alt="" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, (max-width: 840px) 50vw, 464px" loading="lazy" > <img alt="" src="https://developer.android.com/static/images/cluster-illustrations/quality-guidelines.svg" srcset="https://developer.android.com/static/images/cluster-illustrations/quality-guidelines.svg" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, (max-width: 840px) 50vw, 464px" loading="lazy" > </picture> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Featured</span> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> <h3 id="play" data-text="Google Play Policy" tabindex="-1">Google Play Policy</h3> <p>Google Play partners with you to deliver your apps and games safely to billions of people worldwide. Learn the latest policies, timeline, and implications for your apps.</p> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-buttons"> <a href="https://developer.android.com/distribute/play-policies" class="button " >Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-1-up devsite-landing-row-100 devsite-landing-row-padding-xlarge android-row-background-grey-50 android-row-dark-background-grey-900" header-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <header class="devsite-landing-row-header" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-text"> <h2 id="latest-news" data-text="Latest News" tabindex="0"> Latest News </h2> </div> </header> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> <devsite-dynamic-content class="android-editorial-and-updates" fields="title image summary origin date" initial-results="3" maxresults="3" query=" origin:blogger+keyword:privacy,origin:blogger+keyword:security,origin:blogger+keyword:safety,origin:blogger+keyword:privacy sandbox, origin:medium+keyword:privacy,origin:medium+keyword:security,origin:medium+keyword:safety " sortorder="-timestamp"> </devsite-dynamic-content> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-1-up devsite-landing-row-100 android-row-background-grey-50 android-row-dark-background-grey-900" header-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <header class="devsite-landing-row-header" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-text"> <h2 id="latest-videos" data-text="Latest Videos" tabindex="0"> Latest Videos </h2> </div> </header> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> <devsite-dynamic-content class="android-editorial-and-updates" fields="title image origin date" initial-results="3" maxresults="3" query="origin:youtube+keyword:privacy,origin:youtube+keyword:security,origin:youtube+keyword:safety" sortorder="-timestamp"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <devsite-hats-survey class="nocontent" hats-id="VxqvKSur40kxBYCLVTd0SSGykbno" listnr-id="5207477"></devsite-hats-survey> </div> <div class="devsite-floating-action-buttons"> </div> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> <p>Content and code samples on this page are subject to the licenses described in the <a href="/license">Content License</a>. 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