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<li id="toc-Democratic_socialism_and_social_democracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democratic_socialism_and_social_democracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Democratic socialism and social democracy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democratic_socialism_and_social_democracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Political party </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Economics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Democratic_planning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democratic_planning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Democratic planning </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democratic_planning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Market_socialism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Market_socialism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Market socialism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Market_socialism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implementation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Implementation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Implementation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Philosophy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_the_compatibility_of_democracy_and_socialism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_the_compatibility_of_democracy_and_socialism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Views on the compatibility of democracy and socialism </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Views_on_the_compatibility_of_democracy_and_socialism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Views on the compatibility of democracy and socialism subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Views_on_the_compatibility_of_democracy_and_socialism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Support </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Opposition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.1 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Encyclopedias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Encyclopedias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.2 Encyclopedias </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Encyclopedias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.3 Journals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-News" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#News"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.4 News </div> </a> <ul id="toc-News-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Speeches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speeches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.5 Speeches </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speeches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Web" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Web"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.6 Web </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Web-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Democratic socialism</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" > 62 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الاشتراكية الديمقراطية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الاشتراكية الديمقراطية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismu_democr%C3%A1ticu" title="Socialismu democráticu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Socialismu democráticu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratik_sosializm" title="Demokratik sosializm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Demokratik sosializm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Дэмакратычны сацыялізм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэмакратычны сацыялізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Демократичен социализъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Демократичен социализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratski_socijalizam" title="Demokratski socijalizam – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Demokratski socijalizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialisme_democr%C3%A0tic" title="Socialisme democràtic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Socialisme democràtic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosyalismong_demokratiko" title="Sosyalismong demokratiko – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sosyalismong demokratiko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratick%C3%BD_socialismus" title="Demokratický socialismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Demokratický socialismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratisk_socialisme" title="Demokratisk socialisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Demokratisk socialisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratischer_Sozialismus" title="Demokratischer Sozialismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Demokratischer Sozialismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Δημοκρατικός σοσιαλισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δημοκρατικός σοσιαλισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismo_democr%C3%A1tico" title="Socialismo democrático – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Socialismo democrático" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokrata_socialismo" title="Demokrata socialismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Demokrata socialismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sozialismo_demokratiko" title="Sozialismo demokratiko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sozialismo demokratiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="سوسیالیسم دمکراتیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوسیالیسم دمکراتیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialisme_d%C3%A9mocratique" title="Socialisme démocratique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Socialisme démocratique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3isialachas_Daonlathach" title="Sóisialachas Daonlathach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sóisialachas Daonlathach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismo_democr%C3%A1tico" title="Socialismo democrático – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Socialismo democrático" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="민주사회주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="민주사회주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Դեմոկրատական սոցիալիզմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դեմոկրատական սոցիալիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="लोकतांत्रिक समाजवाद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लोकतांत्रिक समाजवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratski_socijalizam" title="Demokratski socijalizam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Demokratski socijalizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialisme_demokratis" title="Sosialisme demokratis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sosialisme demokratis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismo_democratico" title="Socialismo democratico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Socialismo democratico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99" title="סוציאליזם דמוקרטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוציאליזם דמוקרטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Демократиялық социализм – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Демократиялық социализм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Демократтык социализм – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Демократтык социализм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%95" title="ສັງຄົມນິຍົມປະຊາທິປະໄຕ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສັງຄົມນິຍົມປະຊາທິປະໄຕ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokr%C4%81tiskais_soci%C4%81lisms" title="Demokrātiskais sociālisms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Demokrātiskais sociālisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratinis_socializmas" title="Demokratinis socializmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Demokratinis socializmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialisme_democrata" title="Sosialisme democrata – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sosialisme democrata" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_democrategh" title="Socialism democrategh – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Socialism democrategh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratikus_szocializmus" title="Demokratikus szocializmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Demokratikus szocializmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Демократски социјализам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Демократски социјализам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%C4%8Bjali%C5%BCmu_Demokratiku" title="Soċjaliżmu Demokratiku – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Soċjaliżmu Demokratiku" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialisme_demokratik" title="Sosialisme demokratik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sosialisme demokratik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="民主社会主義 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="民主社会主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratisk_sosialisme" title="Demokratisk sosialisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Demokratisk sosialisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratisk_sosialisme" title="Demokratisk sosialisme – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Demokratisk sosialisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratik_sotsializm" title="Demokratik sotsializm – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Demokratik sotsializm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਜਮਹੂਰੀ ਸਮਾਜਵਾਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਮਹੂਰੀ ਸਮਾਜਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%89%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%BC%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="ډیموکراټیک سوسیالیزم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ډیموکراټیک سوسیالیزم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socjalizm_demokratyczny" title="Socjalizm demokratyczny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Socjalizm demokratyczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismo_democr%C3%A1tico" title="Socialismo democrático – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Socialismo democrático" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_democratic" title="Socialism democratic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Socialism democratic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Демократический социализм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Демократический социализм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokracia_socialiste" title="Demokracia socialiste – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Demokracia socialiste" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucial%C3%ACsimu_dimucr%C3%A0ticu" title="Sucialìsimu dimucràticu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sucialìsimu dimucràticu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Democratic socialism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratick%C3%BD_socializmus" title="Demokratický socializmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Demokratický socializmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokrati%C4%8Dni_socializem" title="Demokratični socializem – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Demokratični socializem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Демократски социјализам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Демократски социјализам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratski_socijalizam" title="Demokratski socijalizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Demokratski socijalizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokraattinen_sosialismi" title="Demokraattinen sosialismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Demokraattinen sosialismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratisk_socialism" title="Demokratisk socialism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Demokratisk socialism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratik_sosyalizm" title="Demokratik sosyalizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Demokratik sosyalizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Демократичний соціалізм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Демократичний соціалізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socia%C5%82ismo_democr%C3%A0tego" title="Sociałismo democràtego – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sociałismo democràtego" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_x%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i_d%C3%A2n_ch%E1%BB%A7" title="Chủ nghĩa xã hội dân chủ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa xã hội dân chủ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="民主社會主義 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="民主社會主義" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Socialism emphasising democracy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about socialism emphasising democracy. For the form of democracy emphasising socialism, see <a href="/wiki/Socialist_democracy" title="Socialist democracy">Socialist democracy</a>. For the ideology focusing on the gradual transition to socialism by democratic processes, see <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #d33; border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" title="Red flag (politics)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/75px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/113px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/150px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border-top:1px solid #d33; border-bottom:0px solid;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_socialism" title="Outline of socialism">Outline</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Development</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_calculation_debate" title="Socialist calculation debate">Socialist calculation debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">Socialist economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calculation_in_kind" title="Calculation in kind">Calculation in kind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_ownership" title="Collective ownership">Collective ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_planning" title="Economic planning">Economic planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_equal_liberty#Equal_liberty" title="Law of equal liberty">Equal liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Equal opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Freed market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Input%E2%80%93output_model" title="Input–output model">Input–output model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor-time_calculation" title="Labor-time calculation">Labour-time calculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_balance_planning" title="Material balance planning">Material balance planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_peer-to-peer_processes#P2P_economic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Social peer-to-peer processes">Peer‑to‑peer economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_for_use" title="Production for use">Production for use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_spontaneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary spontaneity">Spontaneism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_dividend" title="Social dividend">Social dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_one_country" title="Socialism in one country">Socialism in one country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_mode_of_production" title="Socialist mode of production">Socialist mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_democracy" title="Soviet democracy">Soviet democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">Strike action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_each_according_to_his_contribution" title="To each according to his contribution">To each according to his contribution</a>/<a href="/wiki/From_each_according_to_his_ability,_to_each_according_to_his_needs" title="From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs">needs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">Vanguardism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Models</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Relationship_with_socialism" title="Planned economy">Socialist planned economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclusive Democracy">Inclusive Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGAS" title="OGAS">OGAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Cybersyn" title="Project Cybersyn">Project Cybersyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet-type_economic_planning" title="Soviet-type economic planning">Soviet-type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lange_model" title="Lange model">Lange model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_market_economy" title="Socialist market economy">Socialist market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist-oriented_market_economy" title="Socialist-oriented market economy">Socialist-oriented market</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_socialism" title="Types of socialism">Variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_of_the_21st_century" title="Socialism of the 21st century">21st-century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_socialism" title="African socialism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanquism" title="Blanquism">Blanquism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_road_to_socialism" title="Democratic road to socialism">Democratic road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-utopianism" title="Cyber-utopianism">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_socialism" title="Ethical socialism">Ethical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary socialism">Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourierism" title="Fourierism">Fourierism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhian_socialism" title="Gandhian socialism">Gandhian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire#Socialism" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marhaenism" title="Marhaenism">Marhaenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_socialism" title="Municipal socialism">Municipal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkrumaism" title="Nkrumaism">Nkrumaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owenism" title="Owenism">Owenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular socialism">Popular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_socialism" title="Religious socialism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardian_socialism" title="Ricardian socialism">Ricardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon#Ideas" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simonianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_socialism" title="Scientific socialism">Scientific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewer_socialism" title="Sewer socialism">Sewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World_socialism" title="Third World socialism">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_socialism" title="Yellow socialism">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Zionist</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Buonarroti" title="Philippe Buonarroti">Buonarroti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Saint-Just" title="Louis Antoine de Saint-Just">Saint-Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cabet" title="Étienne Cabet">Cabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Leroux" title="Pierre Leroux">Leroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Sue" title="Eugène Sue">Sue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Blanqui" title="Louis Auguste Blanqui">Blanqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Greeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Herzen" title="Alexander Herzen">Herzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingsley" title="Charles Kingsley">Kingsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Lavrov" title="Pyotr Lavrov">Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lassalle" title="Ferdinand Lassalle">Lassalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Saltykov-Shchedrin" title="Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin">Saltykov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Chernyshevsky" title="Nikolay Chernyshevsky">Chernyshevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Sorel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bellamy" title="Edward Bellamy">Bellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Kautsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Wilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Plekhanov" title="Georgi Plekhanov">Plekhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Pannekoek">Pannekoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">Lukács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Korsch" title="Karl Korsch">Korsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Vanzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_Bordiga" title="Amadeo Bordiga">Bordiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Serge" title="Victor Serge">Serge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Sacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._L._R._James" title="C. L. R. James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">Orwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federica_Montseny" title="Federica Montseny">Montseny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._P._Thompson" title="E. P. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takis_Fotopoulos" title="Takis Fotopoulos">Fotopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Wolff" title="Richard D. Wolff">Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Öcalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Žižek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hedges" title="Chris Hedges">Hedges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanis_Varoufakis" title="Yanis Varoufakis">Varoufakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohei_Saito" title="Kohei Saito">Saito</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gracchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gracchi">Gracchi Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Roux" title="Jacques Roux">Roux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">Babeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Blanc" title="Louis Blanc">Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Xiuquan" title="Hong Xiuquan">Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">Bebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Markievicz" title="Constance Markievicz">Markievicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Liebknecht" title="Karl Liebknecht">Liebknecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Martov" title="Julius Martov">Martov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Trotsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky" title="Alexander Kerensky">Kerensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Spiridonova" title="Maria Spiridonova">Spiridonova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Tito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imre_Nagy" title="Imre Nagy">Nagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einar_Gerhardsen" title="Einar Gerhardsen">Gerhardsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tage_Erlander" title="Tage Erlander">Erlander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_S%C3%A9dar_Senghor" title="Léopold Sédar Senghor">Senghor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinus_van_der_Lubbe" title="Marinus van der Lubbe">van der Lubbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Kreisky" title="Bruno Kreisky">Kreisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Dubček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Manley" title="Michael Manley">Manley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olof_Palme" title="Olof Palme">Palme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sankara" title="Thomas Sankara">Sankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Galloway" title="George Galloway">Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcomandante_Marcos" title="Subcomandante Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_organizations" title="Category:Socialist organizations">Organizations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:International_socialist_organizations" title="Category:International socialist organizations">International socialist organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_parties" title="Category:Socialist parties">Socialist parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Libertarian_socialism" title="Category:Libertarian socialism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/Communist_symbolism#Red_and_black_flag" title="Communist symbolism"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anarchist_flag.svg/100px-Anarchist_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anarchist_flag.svg/150px-Anarchist_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anarchist_flag.svg/200px-Anarchist_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Political concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarian_community" title="Egalitarian community">Egalitarian community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">Mutual aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_spontaneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary spontaneity">Revolutionary spontaneity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">Workers' control</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Economics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_economics" title="Co-operative economics">Co-operative economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_planning_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralized planning (economics)">Decentralized planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Socialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">Socialist economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker_cooperative" title="Worker cooperative">Worker cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Albert" title="Michael Albert">Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pearl_Andrews" title="Stephen Pearl Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. D. H. Cole">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D%C3%A9jacque" title="Joseph Déjacque">Déjacque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takis_Fotopoulos" title="Takis Fotopoulos">Fotopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Daniel Guérin">Guérin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Lefort" title="Claude Lefort">Lefort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcomandante_Marcos" title="Subcomandante Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Maragall" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesc Pi i Maragall">Margall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Öcalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Pallis" title="Chris Pallis">Pallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Pannekoek">Pannekoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_R%C3%BChle" title="Otto Rühle">Rühle</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Philosophies and tendencies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#f0f0f0"> <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchist</a> tendencies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_communism" title="Anarchist communism">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Market</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#f0f0f0"> <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> tendencies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialisme_ou_Barbarie" title="Socialisme ou Barbarie">Chaulieu–Montal tendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">Council communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Marxism" title="Western Marxism">Western Marxism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#f0f0f0"> Other tendencies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_confederalism" title="Democratic confederalism">Democratic confederalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_municipalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian municipalism">Libertarian municipalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neozapatismo" title="Neozapatismo">Neozapatismo</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Workingmen%27s_Association" title="International Workingmen's Association">International Workingmen's Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1917%E2%80%931923" title="Revolutions of 1917–1923">Revolutions of 1917–1923</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Association_in_Manchuria" title="Korean People's Association in Manchuria">Korean People's Association in Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_social_movements" title="New social movements">New social movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapatista_uprising" title="Zapatista uprising">Zapatista uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MAREZ" class="mw-redirect" title="MAREZ">MAREZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Rojava Revolution">Rojava Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AANES" class="mw-redirect" title="AANES">AANES</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Democratic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Eco-socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #ed0707; border-bottom:1px solid #ed0707;"> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/16px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/24px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/32px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/16px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/24px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/32px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="647" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Libertarianism" title="Portal:Libertarianism">Libertarianism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/16px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/24px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Libertarian_socialism_sidebar" title="Template:Libertarian socialism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Libertarian_socialism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Libertarian socialism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarian_socialism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarian socialism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Social_democracy" title="Category:Social democracy">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Rose_(symbolism)#Socialism_and_social_democracy" title="Rose (symbolism)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Pu%C3%B1o_y_rosa.svg/50px-Pu%C3%B1o_y_rosa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Pu%C3%B1o_y_rosa.svg/75px-Pu%C3%B1o_y_rosa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Pu%C3%B1o_y_rosa.svg/100px-Pu%C3%B1o_y_rosa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="581" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60202;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_social_democracy" title="History of social democracy">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Declaration" title="Frankfurt Declaration">Frankfurt Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godesberg_Program" title="Godesberg Program">Godesberg Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalist%E2%80%93defencist_schism" title="Internationalist–defencist schism">Internationalist–defencist schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labor movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Marxism" title="Orthodox Marxism">Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionism_(Marxism)" title="Revisionism (Marxism)">Revisionist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">Nordic model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy#Second_International_era_and_reform_or_revolution_dispute_(1889–1914)" title="Social democracy">Reformist–revolutionary dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_capitalism" title="Welfare capitalism">Welfare capitalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60202;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">Critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">Representative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">Environmental protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_trade" title="Fair trade">Fair trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gradualism" title="Gradualism">Gradualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_abuse" title="Institutional abuse">Institutional abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)#Socialism" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">Land reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">Labor rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">Mixed economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_and_positive_rights" title="Negative and positive rights">Negative and positive rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformist_Left" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformist Left">Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_corporatism" title="Social corporatism">Social corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_market_economy" title="Social market economy">Social market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">Socialist state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">Socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_abuse" title="Structural abuse">Structural abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_violence" title="Structural violence">Structural violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">Trade union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartism" title="Tripartism">Tripartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60202;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)">Variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Democratic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_socialism" title="Ethical socialism">Ethical socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein#Opinions" title="Eduard Bernstein">Evolutionary socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_of_the_21st_century" title="Socialism of the 21st century">Socialism of the 21st century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60202;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_democrats" title="List of social democrats">People</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obafemi_Awolowo" title="Obafemi Awolowo">Awolowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Batlle_y_Ord%C3%B3%C3%B1ez" title="José Batlle y Ordóñez">Batlle y Ordóñez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">Bebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">Ben-Gurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt" title="Rómulo Betancourt">Betancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Blanc" title="Louis Blanc">Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Brandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Branting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1zaro_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Lázaro Cárdenas">Cárdenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Craxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Crosland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Curtin" title="John Curtin">Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Daszy%C5%84ski" title="Ignacy Daszyński">Daszyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ebert" title="Friedrich Ebert">Ebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Goulart" title="João Goulart">Goulart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hilferding" title="Rudolf Hilferding">Hilferding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdal_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="Erdal İnönü">İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Jaur%C3%A8s" title="Jean Jaurès">Jaurès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Jumblatt" title="Kamal Jumblatt">Jumblatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsun_Chang" title="Carsun Chang">Junmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetsu_Katayama" title="Tetsu Katayama">Katayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Kautsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky" title="Alexander Kerensky">Kerensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_K%C3%A9thly" title="Anna Kéthly">Kéthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kirk" title="Norman Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Lagos" title="Ricardo Lagos">Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lassalle" title="Ferdinand Lassalle">Lassalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Layton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_L%C3%A9vesque" title="René Lévesque">Lévesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Liebknecht" title="Wilhelm Liebknecht">Liebknecht (father)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Liebknecht" title="Karl Liebknecht">Liebknecht (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alva_Myrdal" title="Alva Myrdal">Myrdal (Alva)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Myrdal (Gunnar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olof_Palme" title="Olof Palme">Palme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Plekhanov" title="Georgi Plekhanov">Plekhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Prodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Radbruch" title="Gustav Radbruch">Radbruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorvald_Stauning" title="Thorvald Stauning">Stauning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joop_den_Uyl" title="Joop den Uyl">Den Uyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Webb,_1st_Baron_Passfield" title="Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield">Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gough_Whitlam" title="Gough Whitlam">Whitlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noe_Zhordania" title="Noe Zhordania">Zhordania</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60202;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_democratic_parties" title="List of social democratic parties">Organizations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Union_Confederation" title="International Trade Union Confederation">International Trade Union Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Socialist_Youth" title="International Union of Socialist Youth">International Union of Socialist Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">Progressive Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_European_Socialists" title="Young European Socialists">Young European Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_of_Social_Democracy_in_Asia" title="Network of Social Democracy in Asia">Network of Social Democracy in Asia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60202;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)">By region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria" title="History of the Social Democratic Party of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="History of the Social Democratic Party of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="History of the Labour Party (UK)">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Social democracy in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60202;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_socialism" title="Types of socialism">Types of socialism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #B60202; border-bottom:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/16px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/24px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/32px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Economics" title="Portal:Economics">Economics portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/16px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/24px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/32px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #B60202;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Social_democracy_sidebar" title="Template:Social democracy sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Social_democracy_sidebar" title="Template talk:Social democracy sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Social_democracy_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Social democracy sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Progressivism" title="Category:Progressivism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-top:0.6em"><a href="/wiki/Political_colour#Purple" title="Political colour"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/75px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/113px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/150px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement" title="Anti-nuclear movement">Anti-nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">BLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_for_the_Common_Good" title="Economy for the Common Good">ECG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_movement" title="Ethical movement">Ethical movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garveyism" title="Garveyism">Garveyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indivisible_movement" title="Indivisible movement">Indivisible movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">#MeToo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Christianity" title="Progressive Christianity">Progressive Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Conservatism">Progressive Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Progressive Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform movement">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_hygiene_movement" title="Social hygiene movement">Social hygiene</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Resistance_(American_political_movement)" title="The Resistance (American political movement)">The Resistance</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIMBY" title="YIMBY">YIMBY</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloward%E2%80%93Piven_strategy" title="Cloward–Piven strategy">Cloward–Piven strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">Cultural liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development" title="Economic development">Economic development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad_measures_of_economic_progress" title="Broad measures of economic progress">Broad measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">Economic growth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement" title="Freedom of movement">Freedom of movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_enhancement" title="Human enhancement">Human enhancement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_rights" title="Indigenous rights">Indigenous rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inward_light" title="Inward light">Inward light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_universalism" title="Moral universalism">Moral universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress" title="Progress">Progress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy of progress">Philosophy of progress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_education" title="Progressive education">Progressive education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_education_in_Latin_America#Educational_progressivism" title="Inclusive education in Latin America">In Latin America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_stack" title="Progressive stack">Progressive stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">Progressive taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_liberalism" title="Religious liberalism">Religious liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Progressive nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">Social justice warrior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization" title="Social organization">Social organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Social progress">Social progress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Social_Progress_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by Social Progress Index">List of countries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific progress">Scientific progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change">Social change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_constructivism" title="Social constructivism">Social constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_essentialism" title="Strategic essentialism">Strategic essentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_engineering" title="Ecological engineering">Ecological engineering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery" title="Reparations for slavery">Reparations for slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Reparations for slavery in the United States">In the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_management" title="Scientific management">Scientific management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Unionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidarity Unionism">Solidarity unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Sustainable development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-progressivism" title="Techno-progressivism">Techno-progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_childlessness" title="Voluntary childlessness">Voluntary childlessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Abbott" title="Edith Abbott">Abbott (Edith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Abbott" title="Grace Abbott">Abbott (Grace)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imran_Ahmed_(strategist)" title="Imran Ahmed (strategist)">Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Alinsky" title="Saul Alinsky">Alinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Alexander" title="Michelle Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajamu_X" title="Ajamu X">Ajamu X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Archer" title="Deborah Archer">Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophonisba_Breckinridge" title="Sophonisba Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Brinton" title="Sam Brinton">Brinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campbell,_Baroness_Campbell_of_Surbiton" title="Jane Campbell, Baroness Campbell of Surbiton">Cambell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cloward" title="Richard Cloward">Cloward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Debs" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Debs">Debs (Eugene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Dees" title="Morris Dees">Dees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey" title="Marcus Garvey">Garvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haben_Girma" title="Haben Girma">Girma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirana_Hassan" title="Tirana Hassan">Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Heumann" title="Judith Heumann">Heumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Huang" title="Margaret Huang">Huang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jackson_(activist)" title="George Jackson (activist)">Jackson (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jackson (Jesse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Cooper_Jackson" title="Esther Cooper Jackson">Jackson (Esther)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Jenkins" title="Andrea Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anetta_Kahane" title="Anetta Kahane">Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Karenga" title="Maulana Karenga">Karenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_King" title="Shaun King">King (Shaun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">King (Jr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ludmer" title="Maurice Ludmer">Ludmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_Mahogany" title="Honey Mahogany">Mahogany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_McBride" title="Sarah McBride">McBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeRay_Mckesson" title="DeRay Mckesson">Mckesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Page#Activism" title="Elliot Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_J._Pearson" title="Justin J. Pearson">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Rothblatt" title="Gabriel Rothblatt">Rothblatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_J._Seligmann" title="Herbert J. Seligmann">Seligmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Smeeth" title="Ruth Smeeth">Smeeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Soros" title="Alexander Soros">Soros (Alexander)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">Soros (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsha_Walia" title="Harsha Walia">Walia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Windsor#Activism" title="Edith Windsor">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Wong_(activist)" title="Alice Wong (activist)">Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imani_Barbarin" title="Imani Barbarin">Barbarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bedborough" title="George Bedborough">Bedborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho" title="Bong Joon-ho">Bong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destiny_(streamer)" title="Destiny (streamer)">Bonnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Conover" title="Adam Conover">Conover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Criado_Perez" title="Caroline Criado Perez">Criado Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Kate_Dale" class="mw-redirect" title="Lauren Kate Dale">Dale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcy_Darnovsky" title="Marcy Darnovsky">Darnovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Dearden" title="Lizzie Dearden">Dearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Duberman" title="Martin Duberman">Duberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Favreau_(speechwriter)" title="Jon Favreau (speechwriter)">Favreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesca_Fiorentini" title="Francesca Fiorentini">Fiorentini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Glaude" title="Eddie Glaude">Glaude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Goldberg" title="Michelle Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thom_Hartmann" title="Thom Hartmann">Hartmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medhi_Hasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Medhi Hasan">Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karine_Jean-Pierre#MoveOn_and_political_commentary" title="Karine Jean-Pierre">Jean-Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Jennings" title="Jazz Jennings">Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Kasparian" title="Ana Kasparian">Kasparian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Klein" title="Ezra Klein">Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Klippenstein" title="Ken Klippenstein">Klippenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_McKay" title="Adam McKay">McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Levy_(writer)" title="Ariel Levy (writer)">Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Lovett" title="Jon Lovett">Lovett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Marsh" title="Jeffrey Marsh">Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Marshall" title="Josh Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Miller" title="Stephanie Miller">Miller (Stephanie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Monroe" title="Jack Monroe">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Morgan" title="Robin Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Nagle" title="Angela Nagle">Nagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Okrent" title="Daniel Okrent">Okrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Oliver" title="John Oliver">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pakman" title="David Pakman">Pakman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Piker" title="Hasan Piker">Piker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%AB_Quinn" title="Zoë Quinn">Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Rather" title="Dan Rather">Rather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Reich" title="Robert Reich">Reich (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Reid" title="Joy Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Seder" title="Sam Seder">Seder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Simpson_(journalist)" title="Mark Simpson (journalist)">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Smith_(journalist)" title="Ben Smith (journalist)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keffals" title="Keffals">Sorrenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Talbot" title="David Talbot">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Thorn" title="Abigail Thorn">Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Vietor" title="Tommy Vietor">Vietor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenk_Uygur" title="Cenk Uygur">Uygur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Wise" title="Tim Wise">Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaush" title="Vaush">Kochinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ContraPoints" title="ContraPoints">Wynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Zuckerberg</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_L._Allen" title="Anita L. Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Anderson" title="Carol Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruha_Benjamin" title="Ruha Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liat_Ben-Moshe" title="Liat Ben-Moshe">Ben-Moshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Beveridge" title="William Beveridge">Beveridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Black" title="Edwin Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Bornstein" title="Kate Bornstein">Bornstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Brand" title="Adolf Brand">Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">de Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drucilla_Cornell" title="Drucilla Cornell">Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Davis_(scholar)" title="Mike Davis (scholar)">Davis (Mike)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Brown_Douglas" title="Kelly Brown Douglas">Douglas (Kelly)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Douglas" title="William O. Douglas">Douglas (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W.E.B._Du_Bois" class="mw-redirect" title="W.E.B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Eric_Dyson" title="Michael Eric Dyson">Dyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havelock_Ellis" title="Havelock Ellis">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Fredrickson" title="George M. Fredrickson">Fredrickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Wilson_Gilmore" title="Ruth Wilson Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelynn_M._Hammonds" title="Evelynn M. Hammonds">Hammonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_E._Helms" title="Janet E. Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Hirschfeld" title="Magnus Hirschfeld">Hirschfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">hooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Jeffries" title="Leonard Jeffries">Jeffries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Karenga" title="Maulana Karenga">Karenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibram_X._Kendi" title="Ibram X. Kendi">Kendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Merriam" title="Charles Edward Merriam">Merriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Meyers" title="Robin Meyers">Meyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Mills" title="Charles W. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Money" title="John Money">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Oastler#Political_philosophy" title="Richard Oastler">Oastler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Ostrowski" title="Marius Ostrowski">Ostrowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nell_Irvin_Painter" title="Nell Irvin Painter">Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Patterson" title="Orlando Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurit_Peled-Elhanan" title="Nurit Peled-Elhanan">Peled-Elhanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Reich" title="Wilhelm Reich">Reich (Wilhelm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Roberts" title="Dorothy Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rothstein" title="Richard Rothstein">Rothstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Saini" title="Angela Saini">Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Stein" title="Abby Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_TallBear" title="Kim TallBear">TallBear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Cress_Welsing" title="Frances Cress Welsing">Welsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Wilderson_III" title="Frank B. Wilderson III">Wilderson III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshana_Zuboff" title="Shoshana Zuboff">Zuboff</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Boric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Breed" title="London Breed">Breed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Buttigieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">da Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Debs" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Debs">Debs (Eugene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leigh_Finke" title="Leigh Finke">Finke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Hessel" title="Stéphane Hessel">Hessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dario_Hunter" title="Dario Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">La Guardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuh_Woon-hyung" title="Lyuh Woon-hyung">Lyuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_McBride" title="Sarah McBride">McBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomiichi_Murayama" title="Tomiichi Murayama">Murayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Murphy" title="Emily Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Nader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama (Barack)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Obama (Michelle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador">AMLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_J._Pearson" title="Justin J. Pearson">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Petro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Franklin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Theodore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft"> Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butch_Ware" title="Butch Ware">Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Weaver" title="James B. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson (Harold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson (Woodrow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar%C5%8D_Yamamoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarō Yamamoto">Yamamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigory_Yavlinsky" title="Grigory Yavlinsky">Yavlinsky</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Better-World_Philosophy" title="Better-World Philosophy">Better-World Philosophy</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_and_Superman" title="Man and Superman">Man and Superman</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Universal_Kinship" title="The Universal Kinship">The Universal Kinship</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Conspiracy" title="The Open Conspiracy">The Open Conspiracy</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mass_Psychology_of_Fascism" title="The Mass Psychology of Fascism">The Mass Psychology of Fascism</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_Sexualit%C3%A4t_im_Kulturkampf" title="Die Sexualität im Kulturkampf">Sexuality in the Cultural Struggle</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beveridge_Report" title="Beveridge Report">Beveridge Report</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rules_for_Radicals" title="Rules for Radicals">Rules for Radicals</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanist_Manifesto_II" title="Humanist Manifesto II">Humanist Manifesto II</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_Hating" title="Woman Hating">Woman Hating</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale" title="The Handmaid's Tale">The Handmaid's Tale</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Athena" title="Black Athena">Black Athena</a> (1987–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Racial_Contract" title="The Racial Contract">The Racial Contract</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Against_the_Weak" title="War Against the Weak">War Against the Weak</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Invention_of_the_Jewish_People" title="The Invention of the Jewish People">The Invention of the Jewish People</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Jim_Crow" title="The New Jim Crow">The New Jim Crow</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Speech_(Sanders_book)" title="The Speech (Sanders book)">The Speech</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Revolution_(Sanders_book)" title="Our Revolution (Sanders book)">Our Revolution</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Rage" title="White Rage">White Rage</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Color_of_Law" title="The Color of Law">The Color of Law</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_(book)" title="Inferior (book)">Inferior</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg#Not_All_Dead_White_Men" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Not All Dead White Men</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_Women:_Exposing_Data_Bias_in_a_World_Designed_for_Men" title="Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men">Invisible Women</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Be_an_Antiracist" title="How to Be an Antiracist">How to Be an Antiracist</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_After_Technology" title="Race After Technology">Race After Technology</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior:_The_Return_of_Race_Science" title="Superior: The Return of Race Science">Superior</a> (2019)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: 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States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_tide" title="Pink tide">Pink tide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Progress Studies">Progress Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive era">Progressive era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Progressivism_sidebar" title="Template:Progressivism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Progressivism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Progressivism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Progressivism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Progressivism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Democratic socialism is a <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Economic_ideology" title="Economic ideology">economic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">political philosophy</a> that supports <a href="/wiki/Political_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Political democracy">political democracy</a> and some form of a <a href="/wiki/Socially_owned" class="mw-redirect" title="Socially owned">socially owned</a> economy,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1918Busky20007Abjorensen2019115-2">[2]</a> with a particular emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">economic democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">workplace democracy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">workers' self-management</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdelstein1993-3">[3]</a> within a <a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">market socialist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Decentralised_planned" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralised planned">decentralised planned</a>, or democratic <a href="/wiki/Centrally_planned_economies" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrally planned economies">centrally planned</a> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist economy">socialist economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersonHerr2007448-4">[4]</a> Democratic socialists argue that <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a> is inherently incompatible with the values of <a href="/wiki/Freedom" title="Freedom">freedom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">equality</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">solidarity</a> and that these <a href="/wiki/Ideal_(ethics)" title="Ideal (ethics)">ideals</a> can only be achieved through the realisation of a socialist society.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltChambersGarrettKurian2010401-5">[5]</a> Although most democratic socialists seek a gradual transition to <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusky200010-6">[6]</a> democratic socialism can support <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary" title="Revolutionary">revolutionary</a> or <a href="/wiki/Reformist" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformist">reformist</a> politics to establish socialism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltChambersGarrettKurian2010401Abjorensen2019115-7">[7]</a> Democratic socialism was popularised by socialists who opposed the backsliding towards a <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and other countries during the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams1985289Foley199423EatwellWright199980Busky20007–8-8">[8]</a> The <a href="/wiki/History_of_democratic_socialism" title="History of democratic socialism">history of democratic socialism</a> can be traced back to 19th-century socialist thinkers across Europe and the <a href="/wiki/Chartism" title="Chartism">Chartist</a> movement in Britain, which somewhat differed in their goals but shared a common demand for democratic decision-making and <a href="/wiki/Public_ownership" class="mw-redirect" title="Public ownership">public ownership</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Means_of_production" title="Means of production">means of production</a> and viewed these as fundamental characteristics of the society they advocated for. From the late 19th to the early 20th century, democratic socialism was heavily influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Gradualist_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Gradualist politics">gradualist</a> form of socialism promoted by the British <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Eduard Bernstein</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary socialism">evolutionary socialism</a> in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein1907Cole1961Steger1997-9">[9]</a> Democratic socialism has been used in multiple senses, including a broad sense that refers to all forms of socialism which reject <a href="/wiki/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist–Leninist state">Marxist–Leninism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarianism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusky20007–8Prychitko200272-10">[10]</a> The broad interpretation of democratic socialism is more similar to the historical understanding of <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">libertarian socialism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraper196657–84Hain1995Hain2000118-11">[11]</a> In the broad sense, democratic socialism includes anti-authoritarian forms of <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">liberal socialism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">utopian socialism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">market socialism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHain1995AndersonHerr2007448-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Reformist_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformist socialism">reformist socialism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltChambersGarrettKurian2010401-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">revolutionary socialism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">state socialism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusky200093-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Left_populism" class="mw-redirect" title="Left populism">left populism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusky200093-14">[14]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurocommunism" title="Eurocommunism">Eurocommunism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In the narrow sense, democratic socialism refers to the <a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">anti-capitalist</a> wing of <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a>, seeking to quickly move beyond the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1989Pierson2005Page2007-17">[17]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> Democratic socialism is contrasted with <a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a>, whose opponents often perceive as being authoritarian, bureaucratic, and undemocratic in practice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEatwellWright199980Busky20007–8Prychitko200272Volle2022-18">[18]</a> Democratic socialists oppose the <a href="/wiki/Stalinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalinist">Stalinist</a> political system and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet-type_economic_planning" title="Soviet-type economic planning">Marxist–Leninist economic planning</a> system, rejecting as their form of governance the <a href="/wiki/Administrative-command_system" title="Administrative-command system">administrative-command model</a> formed in the Soviet Union and <a href="/wiki/List_of_socialist_states" title="List of socialist states">other Marxist–Leninist states</a> during the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrychitko200272-19">[19]</a> Democratic socialism is also distinguished from <a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a> social democracy<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhyman20051–5,_61,_215-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[nb 1]</a> because democratic socialists are committed to the systemic transformation of the economy from capitalism to socialism,<a href="#cite_note-27">[nb 2]</a> while social democrats use capitalism to create a strong <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a>, leaving many businesses under <a href="/wiki/Private_ownership" class="mw-redirect" title="Private ownership">private ownership</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolle2022-28">[26]</a> However, many democratic socialists also advocate for state regulations and <a href="/wiki/Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare">welfare programs</a> in order to reduce the perceived harms of capitalism and slowly transform the economic system.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolle2022-28">[26]</a> While having socialism as a long-term goal,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoemer199425–27Berman199857Bailey200977Lamb2015415–416-29">[27]</a> some moderate democratic socialists are more concerned about curbing capitalism's excesses and are supportive of <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive</a> reforms to humanise it in the present day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEatwellWright199980AltChambersGarrettKurian2010401-30">[28]</a> In contrast, other democratic socialists believe that <a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">economic interventionism</a> and similar policy <a href="/wiki/Reforms" class="mw-redirect" title="Reforms">reforms</a> aimed at addressing <a href="/wiki/Social_inequalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Social inequalities">social inequalities</a> and suppressing <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">capitalism's economic contradictions</a> can simply exacerbate them<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke1981BardhanRoemer1992101–116Weisskopf1994297–318-31">[29]</a> or cause them to emerge under a different guise.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETicktin199855–80Hinnfors2006Schweickart2007447-32">[30]</a> Those democratic socialists believe that the fundamental issues with capitalism can only be resolved by <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">revolutionary means</a> of replacing the <a href="/wiki/Capitalist_mode_of_production_(Marxist_theory)" title="Capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory)">capitalist mode of production</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_mode_of_production" title="Socialist mode of production">socialist mode of production</a> through a replacement of <a href="/wiki/Private_ownership" class="mw-redirect" title="Private ownership">private ownership</a> with <a href="/wiki/Collective_ownership" title="Collective ownership">collective ownership</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Means_of_production" title="Means of production">means of production</a> and extending democracy to the economic sphere in the form of <a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">workplace democracy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">industrial democracy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEatwellWright199980AndersonHerr2007447Schweickart2007448AltChambersGarrettKurian2010401-33">[31]</a> The main criticism of democratic socialism from the perspective of <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">liberal democrats</a> is focused on the compatibility of democracy and socialism,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett1978-34">[32]</a> while Marxist–Leninist criticisms are focused on the feasibility of achieving a socialist or <a href="/wiki/Communist_society" title="Communist society">communist society</a> through democratic means or without suppressing <a href="/wiki/Counter-revolutionary" title="Counter-revolutionary">counter-revolutionary</a> forces.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> Several academics, political commentators, and scholars have noted that some Western countries, such as <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, have been governed by socialist parties or have <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">mixed economies</a> sometimes referred to as "democratic socialist".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett1978Heilbroner1991Kendall2011125–127Li201560–69-36">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-37">[35]</a> However, some have argued that following the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, many of these countries have moved away from socialism as a <a href="/wiki/Neoliberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoliberal">neoliberal</a> consensus replaced the social democratic consensus in the advanced capitalist world.<a href="#cite_note-:0-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBestKahnNocellaMcLaren2011xviii-40">[38]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disputed_statement" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Disputed statement">disputed</a> (for: Socialist parties still routinely come in and out of power in these countries.)  – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Democratic_socialism" title="Talk:Democratic socialism">discuss</a>] Democratic socialism is defined as having a <a href="/wiki/Socialist_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist economy">socialist economy</a> in which the <a href="/wiki/Means_of_production" title="Means of production">means of production</a> are <a href="/wiki/Socialization_(Marxism)" title="Socialization (Marxism)">socially</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collectively_owned" class="mw-redirect" title="Collectively owned">collectively owned</a> or controlled<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdelstein1993-3">[3]</a> alongside a democratic political system of government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1918Busky20007AndersonHerr2007445–448Abjorensen2019115-41">[39]</a> Democratic socialists reject most <a href="/wiki/Self-described_socialist_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-described socialist state">self-described socialist states</a>, which followed <a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEatwellWright199980Busky20007–8Prychitko200272AltChambersGarrettKurian2010401-42">[40]</a> In democratic socialism, the active participation of the population and workers in the <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">self-management</a> of the economy characterises socialism,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdelstein1993-3">[3]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Administrative-command_system" title="Administrative-command system">administrative-command systems</a> do not.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilhelm1985118–130Ellman200722-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEatwellWright199980Busky20007–8AlistairPyper2000677Prychitko200272AltChambersGarrettKurian2010401-44">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicos_Poulantzas" title="Nicos Poulantzas">Nicos Poulantzas</a> makes a similar, more complex argument.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoulantzas1978-45">[43]</a> For <a href="/wiki/Hal_Draper" title="Hal Draper">Hal Draper</a>, revolutionary-democratic socialism is a type of socialism from below, writing in <a href="/wiki/The_Two_Souls_of_Socialism" title="The Two Souls of Socialism">The Two Souls of Socialism</a> that "the leading spokesman in the <a href="/wiki/Second_International" title="Second International">Second International</a> of a revolutionary-democratic Socialism-from-Below was <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Rosa Luxemburg</a>, who so emphatically put her faith and hope in the spontaneous struggle of a free working class that the myth-makers invented for her a '<a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_spontaneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary spontaneity">theory of spontaneity</a>.'"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraper1966"The_"Revisionist"_Facade"-46">[44]</a> Similarly, he wrote about <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a> that "'Debsian socialism' evoked a tremendous response from the heart of the people, but Debs had no successor as a tribune of revolutionary-democratic socialism."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraper1966"The_100%_American_Scene"-47">[45]</a> Some <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> socialists emphasise <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>'s belief in democracy<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMegill197045Draper1974101–124Jossa2010335–354Sarkar2019-48">[46]</a> and call themselves democratic socialists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESargent2008118-49">[47]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Great_Britain" title="Socialist Party of Great Britain">Socialist Party of Great Britain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Movement" title="World Socialist Movement">World Socialist Movement</a> define <a href="/wiki/Scientific_socialism" title="Scientific socialism">socialism</a> in its classical formulation as a "system of society based upon the common ownership and democratic control of the means and instruments for producing and distributing wealth by and in the interest of the community."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2019"Chapter_V._The_Aims_and_Policy_of_the_Socialists"-50">[48]</a> Additionally, they include classlessness, statelessness and the abolition of <a href="/wiki/Wage_labour" title="Wage labour">wage labour</a> as characteristics of a socialist society, characterising it as a <a href="/wiki/Stateless_society" title="Stateless society">stateless</a>, <a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">propertyless</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post-capitalism" title="Post-capitalism">post-monetary economy</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Calculation_in_kind" title="Calculation in kind">calculation in kind</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Free_association_(Marxism_and_anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free association (Marxism and anarchism)">free association of producers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">workplace democracy</a> and free access to <a href="/wiki/Goods" title="Goods">goods</a> and <a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">services</a> produced solely for <a href="/wiki/Use_value" title="Use value">use</a> and not for <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">exchange</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESocialist_Party_of_Great_Britain_(Our_Object_and_Declaration_of_Principles)Socialist_Party_of_Great_Britain_(FAQ)Socialist_Party_of_Great_Britain_(What_is_Socialism?)_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESocialist_Party_of_Great_Britain_(Our_Object_and_Declaration_of_Principles)Socialist_Party_of_Great_Britain_(FAQ)Socialist_Party_of_Great_Britain_(What_is_Socialism?)-51">[49]</a> Although these characteristics are usually reserved to describe a communist society,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarx1875"Part_I"-52">[50]</a> this is consistent with the usage of Marx, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a> and others, who referred to <a href="/wiki/Communist_society" title="Communist society">communism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialist_mode_of_production" title="Socialist mode of production">socialism</a> interchangeably.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteele199244–45HudisPrewRottaSmith2008-53">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definition">Definition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Definition">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialists_of_America" title="Democratic Socialists of America">Democratic Socialists of America</a> (DSA), defines democratic socialism as a decentralised socially-owned economy and rejecting both <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">authoritarian socialism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a>, stating:<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Capitalism is a system designed by the owning class to exploit the rest of us for their own profit. We must replace it with democratic socialism, a system where ordinary people have a real voice in our workplaces, neighborhoods, and society. We believe there are many avenues that feed into [democratic socialism]. Our vision pushes further than historic social democracy and leaves behind authoritarian visions of socialism in the dustbin of history.</blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Benn" title="Tony Benn">Tony Benn</a>, a prominent left-wing Labour Party politician,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall201145White2014-55">[53]</a> described democratic socialism as socialism that is "open, libertarian, pluralistic, humane and democratic; nothing whatever in common with the harsh, centralised, dictatorial and mechanistic images which are purposely presented by our opponents and a tiny group of people who control the mass media in Britain."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennMullin1979-56">[54]</a> Some tendencies of democratic socialism advocate for a <a href="/wiki/Social_revolution" title="Social revolution">social revolution</a> to transition to <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>, distinguishing it from some forms of <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdelstein1993AltChambersGarrettKurian2010401Abjorensen2019115-57">[55]</a> In Soviet politics, democratic socialism is the version of the Soviet Union model reformed democratically. Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> described <a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">perestroika</a> as building a "new, humane and democratic socialism."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristensen1990123–146-58">[56]</a> Consequently, some former <a href="/wiki/Communist_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist parties">communist parties</a> have rebranded themselves as democratic socialists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESargent2008118Lamb2015415-59">[57]</a> This includes parties such as <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> in Germany,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorraganCini2013387Nordsieck2017-60">[58]</a> a party succeeding the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Socialism_(Germany)" title="Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)">Party of Democratic Socialism</a>, which was itself the legal successor of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Unity_Party_of_Germany" title="Socialist Unity Party of Germany">Socialist Unity Party of Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETangian2013321-61">[59]</a> Some uses of the term democratic socialism represent social democratic policies within capitalism instead of an ideology that aims to transcend and replace capitalism, although this is not always the case. Robert M. Page, a <a href="/wiki/Reader_(academic_rank)" title="Reader (academic rank)">reader</a> in Democratic Socialism and Social Policy at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a>, wrote about transformative democratic socialism to refer to the politics of Labour Party <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Attlee_ministry" title="Attlee ministry">government</a> (<a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_income_and_wealth" title="Redistribution of income and wealth">fiscal redistribution</a>, some degree of <a href="/wiki/Public_ownership" class="mw-redirect" title="Public ownership">public ownership</a> and a strong welfare state) and revisionist democratic socialism as developed by Labour Party politician Anthony Crosland and Labour Party Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a>, arguing: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The most influential revisionist Labour thinker, Anthony Crosland, contended that a more "benevolent" form of capitalism had emerged since the Second World War. ... According to Crosland, it was now possible to achieve greater equality in society without the need for "fundamental" economic transformation. For Crosland, a more meaningful form of equality could be achieved if the growth dividend derived from effective management of the economy was invested in "pro-poor" public services rather than through fiscal redistribution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPage2007-62">[60]</a></blockquote> The political scientist <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Tower_Sargent" title="Lyman Tower Sargent">Lyman Tower Sargent</a> offers a similar definition based on the practice of social democracy in Europe: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Democratic socialism can be characterised as follows: <ul><li>Much property held by the public through a democratically elected government, including most major industries, utilities, and transportation systems</li> <li>A limit on the accumulation of private property</li> <li>Governmental regulation of the economy</li> <li>Extensive publicly financed assistance and pension programs</li> <li>Social costs and the provision of services added to purely financial considerations as the measure of efficiency</li></ul> Publicly held property is limited to productive property and significant infrastructure; it does not extend to personal property, homes, and small businesses. And in practice in many democratic socialist countries [sic], it has not extended to many large corporations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESargent2008117-63">[61]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democratic_socialism_and_social_democracy">Democratic socialism and social democracy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Democratic socialism and social democracy">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a> prior to the <a href="/wiki/Displacement_of_Keynesianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Displacement of Keynesianism">displacement of Keynesianism</a> by neoliberalism and <a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">monetarism</a>, which caused many social-democratic parties to adopt the <a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a> ideology, accepting <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a> as the current <a href="/wiki/Status_quo" title="Status quo">status quo</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_powers_that_be_(phrase)" class="mw-redirect" title="The powers that be (phrase)">powers that be</a>, redefining <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a> in a way that it maintained the capitalist structure intact,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrientosPowell20049–26Cammack2004151–166Romano2006Hinnfors2006Lafontaine2009Corfe2010-24">[23]</a> has been occasionally described as a form of democratic socialism. The new version of <a href="/wiki/Clause_IV" title="Clause IV">Clause IV</a> of the British Labour Party's constitution, first adopted by former party leader <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>, uses democratic socialism to describe a modernised form of social democracy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowe2004Romano20073LudlamSmith20173-64">[62]</a> While affirming a commitment to democratic socialism,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams1998144–145-65">[63]</a> it no longer commits the party to public ownership of industry and, in its place, advocates "the enterprise of the market and the rigour of competition" along with "high quality public services ... either owned by the public or accountable to them."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams1998144–145-65">[63]</a> Donald F. Busky's Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey describes social democracy as a form of democratic socialism that follows a gradual, reformist or evolutionary path to socialism rather than a revolutionary one.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusky200010Heywood201297-66">[64]</a> This tendency is captured in the statement of <a href="/wiki/Labour_revisionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour revisionist">Labour revisionist</a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Anthony Crosland</a>, who argued that the socialism of the pre-war world was now becoming increasingly irrelevant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1989Pierson2005145–163-67">[65]</a> This tendency has been evoked in works such as <a href="/wiki/Roy_Hattersley" title="Roy Hattersley">Roy Hattersley</a>'s Choose Freedom: The Future of Democratic Socialism,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattersley1987-68">[66]</a> Malcolm Hamilton's Democratic Socialism in Britain and Sweden,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1989-69">[67]</a> and Jim Tomlinson's Democratic Socialism and Economic Policy: The Attlee Years, 1945–1951<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomlinson1997-70">[68]</a> A variant of this set of definitions is <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Joseph Schumpeter</a>'s argument in <a href="/wiki/Capitalism,_Socialism_and_Democracy" title="Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy">Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy</a> (1942)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchumpeter1942-71">[69]</a> that <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracies" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal democracies">liberal democracies</a> were evolving from <a href="/wiki/Liberal_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal capitalism">liberal capitalism</a> into democratic socialism with the growth of <a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">industrial democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regulatory_agency" title="Regulatory agency">regulatory institutions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Organisational_self-management" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisational self-management">self-management</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMedearis1997-72">[70]</a> A key difference is that social democrats are mainly concerned with practical reforms within capitalism, with socialism either relegated to the indefinite future or perceived to have abandoned it in the case of the Third Way.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman199857Bailey200977-73">[71]</a> More radical democratic socialists want to go beyond mere meliorist reforms and advocate the systemic transformation of the <a href="/wiki/Mode_of_production" title="Mode of production">mode of production</a> from <a href="/wiki/Capitalist_mode_of_production_(Marxist_theory)" title="Capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory)">capitalism</a> to <a href="/wiki/Socialist_mode_of_production" title="Socialist mode of production">socialism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEatwellWright199980AndersonHerr2007447AltChambersGarrettKurian2010401-74">[72]</a> While the Third Way has been described as a new social democracy<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGambleWright19996Fitzpatrick2003Bailey200914–17MeyerRutherford2011"The_Third_Way_and_Its_Vision_of_Social_Democracy"Taylor2013133-75">[73]</a> or neo-social democracy,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters200166KatseliMiliosPelagidis2018-76">[74]</a> standing for a modernised social democracy<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowe2004Romano20063LudlamSmith20173-77">[75]</a> and competitive socialism,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDöring20073-78">[76]</a> the form of social democracy that remained committed to the gradual abolition of capitalism and social democrats opposed to the Third Way merged into democratic socialism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELafontaine2009-79">[77]</a> During the late 20th century and early 21st century, these labels were embraced, contested and rejected due to the development within the European left of <a href="/wiki/Eurocommunism" title="Eurocommunism">Eurocommunism</a> between the 1970s and 1980s,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaqueur1976BoggsPlotke1980Johari1987664–694Di_Donato2015193–211-80">[78]</a> the rise of neoliberalism in the mid to late 1970s,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalley2004Harvey2005Palley2005JohnstonSaad-Filho2005CahillCooperKoningsPrimrose2018Ratner2019-81">[79]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">fall of the Soviet Union</a> in December 1991 and of <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Marxist–Leninist governments</a> between 1989 and 1992,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeilbroner199196–110Kumar1992309–356Pierson199564–78Tismaneanu2009309–356-82">[80]</a> the rise and fall of the Third Way<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrientosPowell20049–26Cammack2004151–166Romano2006Hinnfors2006Lafontaine2009Corfe2010-24">[23]</a> between the 1970s<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphrys2018-83">[81]</a> and 2010s<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuinan2013Barbieri2017Karnitschnig2018Buck2018Lawson2018-84">[82]</a> and the simultaneous rise of <a href="/wiki/Anti-austerity_movement" title="Anti-austerity movement">anti-austerity</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagstadt201636March2016Calossi2016Fuchs2017109Cole2017-85">[83]</a> <a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">green</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilk2008-86">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing populist">left-wing populist</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2009BenedettoHixMastrorocco2019BlombäckDemkerHageviHinnfors2019BermanSnegovaya2019Agustín202013–32-87">[85]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGriffithsMillei2012viiiKwokRieger201340Berberoglu2018341-88">[86]</a> movements in the late 2000s and early 2010s due to the global <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">financial crisis of 2007–2008</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDionneGaltson2019Cassidy2019Kvitrud2019Sears2019243-89">[87]</a> the causes of which have been widely attributed to the neoliberal shift<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBresser-Pereira2010Howard2012Welch2012De_VogliOwusu2015Sitaraman2019-90">[88]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">deregulation</a> economic policies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalley2013Amadeo2019-91">[89]</a> This latest development contributed to the rise of politicians that represent a return to the post-war consensus social democracy, such as <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a> in the United Kingdom and <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETarnoff2017-92">[90]</a> who assumed the democratic socialist label to describe their rejection of <a href="/wiki/Centrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrist">centrist</a> politicians that supported <a href="/wiki/Triangulation_(politics)" title="Triangulation (politics)">triangulation</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> parties such as with <a href="/wiki/New_Labour" title="New Labour">New Labour</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Democrats_(United_States)" title="New Democrats (United States)">New Democrats</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuges2016-93">[91]</a> Social democracy originated as a <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary socialist">revolutionary socialist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a> movement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEly1883204–205-94">[92]</a> One distinction to separate the modern versions of democratic socialism and social democracy is that the former can include revolutionary means.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuignanKalsang_BhutiaMahajan2009Abjorensen2019115-95">[93]</a> In contrast, the latter asserts that the only acceptable constitutional form of government is <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democracy</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a>, which is to implement social change via <a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">reformism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinchmanMeyer200791-96">[94]</a> Many social democrats "refer to themselves as socialists or democratic socialists", and some "use or have used these terms interchangeably."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Reilly200791Raza201286Gage2018-97">[95]</a> Others argue that "there are clear differences between the three terms, and preferred to describe their own political beliefs by using the term 'social democracy' only."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrandalBratbergThorsen20137-98">[96]</a> In political science, democratic socialism and social democracy are occasionally seen as synonymous or otherwise not mutually exclusive,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusky20008Sargent2008118Heywood201297Hain20153-99">[97]</a> while they are usually sharply distinguished in journalistic use.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQiu2015Barro2015Tupy2016Cooper2018Rodriguez2018Levitz,_April_2019-100">[98]</a> While social democrats continue to call and describe themselves as democratic socialists or simply socialists,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Reilly200791Raza201286Gage2018-97">[95]</a> the meaning of democratic socialism and social democracy effectively reversed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEatwellWright1999"Social_Democracy_and_Democratic_Socialism"-101">[99]</a> Democratic socialism originally represented socialism achieved by democratic means and usually resulted in reformism, whereas social democracy included reformist and revolutionary wings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEly1883204–205EatwellWright1999"Democratic_Socialism_and_Social_Democracy"LudlamSmith20175-102">[100]</a> With the association of social democracy as a policy regime<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELudlamSmith20171–15-103">[101]</a> and the development of the Third Way,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrientosPowell20049–26Cammack2004151–166Romano2006Hinnfors2006Lafontaine2009Corfe2010-24">[23]</a> social democracy became almost exclusively associated with capitalist welfare states,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEatwellWright199980LudlamSmith20175-104">[102]</a> while democratic socialism came to refer to anti-capitalist tendencies, including <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">revolutionary socialism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Reformist_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformist socialism">reformist socialism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusky20008–10Sargent2008117AltChambersGarrettKurian2010401Abjorensen2019115-105">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_party">Political party</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political party">edit</a>]</div> While most social-democratic parties describe themselves as democratic socialists, with democratic socialism representing the theory and social democracy the practice and vice versa, political scientists distinguish between the two. Social democratic is used for centre-left political parties,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConsidère-Charondu2010157Staab201167-106">[104]</a> "whose aim is the gradual amelioration of poverty and exploitation within a liberal capitalist society."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELudlam2000264–276-107">[105]</a> On the other hand, democratic socialist is used for left-wing socialist parties, including <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing populist">left-wing populist</a> parties such as <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a>, <a href="/wiki/Podemos_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Podemos (Spanish political party)">Podemos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syriza" title="Syriza">Syriza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDella_PortaFernándezKoukiMosca2017-108">[106]</a> This is reflected at the European party level, where the centre-left social democratic parties are within the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats</a>, while left-wing democratic socialist parties are within the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_European_Left" title="Party of the European Left">Party of the European Left</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_United_Left%E2%80%93Nordic_Green_Left" class="mw-redirect" title="European United Left–Nordic Green Left">European United Left–Nordic Green Left</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENordsieck2019-109">[107]</a> These democratic socialist groups often include <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communist</a> tendencies, in contrast to social democratic groups which exclude <a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">anti-capitalist</a> tendencies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasierJongerden2010203Trechsel201372-110">[108]</a> According to Steve Ludlam, "the arrival of <a href="/wiki/New_Labour" title="New Labour">New Labour</a> signalled an unprecedented and possibly final assault on the [British] <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party's</a> democratic socialist tradition, that is to say the tradition of those seeking the transformation of capitalism into socialism by overwhelmingly legislative means. ... It would be a while before some of the party's social democrats—those whose aim is the gradual amelioration of poverty and exploitation within a liberal capitalist society—began to fear the same threat to Labour's egalitarian tradition as the left recognised to its socialist tradition."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELudlam2000264–276-107">[105]</a> This was reflected similarly in Labour: A Tale of Two Parties by Hilary Wainwright.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWainwright1987-111">[109]</a> According to Andrew Mathers, Hilary Wainwright's 1987 work Labour: A Tale of Two Parties provided "a different reading which contrasted the 'ameliorative, pragmatic' social democratic tradition expressed principally in the Parliamentary Labour Party with a 'transformative, visionary' democratic socialist tradition associated mainly with the grassroots members engaged closely with extra-parliamentary struggles."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathers2017389–444-112">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economics">Economics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Economics">edit</a>]</div> Democratic socialists have promoted various different models of <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">economics</a>, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">market socialism</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Socially_owned" class="mw-redirect" title="Socially owned">socially owned</a> enterprises operate in <a href="/wiki/Competitive_markets" class="mw-redirect" title="Competitive markets">competitive markets</a> and are <a href="/wiki/Organizational_self-management" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizational self-management">self-managed</a> by their workforce, to non-market <a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">participatory economics</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Decentralised" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralised">decentralised</a> <a href="/wiki/Economic_planning" title="Economic planning">economic planning</a>, and democratic <a href="/wiki/Central_planning" class="mw-redirect" title="Central planning">central planning</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrychitko200272AndersonHerr2007448-113">[111]</a> Democratic socialism can also be committed to a decentralised form of economic planning where productive units are integrated into a single organisation and organised based on self-management.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrychitko200272-19">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Norman Thomas</a>, both United States Presidential candidates for the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a>, understood socialism to be an economic system structured upon <a href="/wiki/Production_for_use" title="Production for use">production for use</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">social ownership</a> in place of the <a href="/wiki/Production_for_profit" class="mw-redirect" title="Production for profit">for-profit system</a> and <a href="/wiki/Private_ownership" class="mw-redirect" title="Private ownership">private ownership</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Means_of_production" title="Means of production">means of production</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDebs1912Thomas1936-114">[112]</a> Contemporary proponents of market socialism and decentralised planning have argued that rather than socialism itself, the primary reason for the economic shortcomings of <a href="/wiki/Soviet-type_economies" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet-type economies">Soviet-type economies</a> was their <a href="/wiki/Administrative-command_system" title="Administrative-command system">administrative-command system</a> and its failure to create rules and operational criteria for the efficient operation of state enterprises in their hierarchical allocation of resources and commodities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoryStuart2003152-115">[113]</a> All types of democratic socialists, including those in favor of central planning, often cite the lack of democracy in the political and economic systems of <a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxist–Leninist</a> regimes as a reason for their historical or contemporary shortcomings or failures.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoryStuart2003152-115">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democratic_planning">Democratic planning</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Democratic planning">edit</a>]</div> A democratically <a href="/wiki/Planned_economy" title="Planned economy">planned economy</a> has been proposed as a basis for socialism and variously advocated by some democratic socialists who simultaneously reject <a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">market socialism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet-type_economic_planning" title="Soviet-type economic planning">Soviet-type economic planning</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKotz2008-116">[114]</a> Democratic economic planning implies some process of democratic or participatory decision-making within the economy and firms in the form of <a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">industrial democracy</a>. Supporters of democratic economic planning often reject market socialism on the basis that it fails to broadly coordinate information and resources according to social needs, and reject the Soviet model-based <a href="/wiki/Administrative-command_system" title="Administrative-command system">administrative-command system</a> due to inefficient or undemocratic operation. Democratic socialist proponents of <a href="/wiki/Decentralised_planning" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralised planning">decentralised planning</a> assert that it allows for a spontaneously self-regulating system of stock control, relying solely on <a href="/wiki/Calculation_in_kind" title="Calculation in kind">calculation in kind</a>, to come about and that in turn decisively overcomes the objections raised by the <a href="/wiki/Economic_calculation_argument" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic calculation argument">economic calculation argument</a> that any large-scale economy must necessarily resort to a system of market prices.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchweickart2007448-117">[115]</a> Decentralised planning models often involve <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">workers' councils</a> or <a href="/wiki/Industrial_unionism" title="Industrial unionism">industrial unions</a>, and include models proposed by anarchist economists <a href="/wiki/Michael_Albert" title="Michael Albert">Michael Albert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hahnel" title="Robin Hahnel">Robin Hahnel</a> as <a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">participatory economics</a>;<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-119">[117]</a> and economist <a href="/wiki/Pat_Devine" title="Pat Devine">Pat Devine</a> as "<a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Negotiated_coordination" title="Planned economy">negotiated coordination</a>," based on <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democracy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-119">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-120">[118]</a> On the other hand, democratic socialist proponents of <a href="/wiki/Central_planning" class="mw-redirect" title="Central planning">centralised planning</a> argue that it is better equipped to carry out economy-wide coordination and strengthen the collective power of the working class.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_McNally_(professor)" class="mw-redirect" title="David McNally (professor)">David McNally</a>, a professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston" title="University of Houston">University of Houston</a>, has argued in the Marxist tradition that the logic of the <a href="/wiki/Market_(economics)" title="Market (economics)">market</a> inherently produces <a href="/wiki/Social_inequality" title="Social inequality">social inequality</a> and leads to <a href="/wiki/Unequal_exchange" title="Unequal exchange">unequal exchanges</a>, writing that <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>'s moral intent and moral philosophy espousing equal exchange were undermined by the practice of the free market he championed as the development of the market economy involved coercion, exploitation and violence that Smith's moral philosophy could not counteract. McNally criticises market socialists for believing in the possibility of fair markets based on equal exchanges to be achieved by purging parasitical elements from the market economy, such as private ownership of the means of production, arguing that market socialism is an oxymoron when socialism is defined as an end to <a href="/wiki/Wage_labour" title="Wage labour">wage labour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNally1993-123">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-120">[118]</a> Various <a href="/wiki/Computer_scientists" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer scientists">computer scientists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radical_politics" title="Radical politics">radical</a> economists have also proposed computer-based forms of democratic economic planning and coordination between economic enterprises, based on either centralised or decentralised models.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELange1979CockshottCottrell1993Medina2006571–606-124">[122]</a> Chile explored computerised central planning from 1971 to 1973 with <a href="/wiki/Project_Cybersyn" title="Project Cybersyn">Project Cybersyn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELange1979CockshottCottrell1993Medina2006571–606-124">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> In 1993, computer scientist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Cockshott" title="Paul Cockshott">Paul Cockshott</a> and economics professor Allin Cottrell proposed in <a href="/wiki/Towards_a_New_Socialism" title="Towards a New Socialism">Towards a New Socialism</a> a computerised central planning model based on <a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">direct democracy</a> and modern technological advances.<a href="#cite_note-:1-119">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Market_socialism">Market socialism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Market socialism">edit</a>]</div> Some proponents of <a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">market socialism</a> see it as an economic system compatible with the political ideology of democratic socialism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1990-127">[125]</a> Democratic socialist advocates of market socialism often support the development of <a href="/wiki/Worker_cooperative" title="Worker cooperative">worker cooperatives</a>, and sometimes market-based <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">sovereign wealth funds</a>. Advocates of market socialism, such as <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Van%C4%9Bk" title="Jaroslav Vaněk">Jaroslav Vaněk</a>, argue that genuinely free markets are impossible under <a href="/wiki/Private_ownership" class="mw-redirect" title="Private ownership">private ownership</a> of <a href="/wiki/Productive_property" class="mw-redirect" title="Productive property">productive property</a>. Vaněk contends that the <a href="/wiki/Class_differences" class="mw-redirect" title="Class differences">class differences</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unequal_distribution_of_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Unequal distribution of income">unequal distribution of income</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_power" title="Economic power">economic power</a> that result from private ownership of industry enable the interests of the dominant class to skew the <a href="/wiki/Market_(economics)" title="Market (economics)">market</a> in their favour, either in the form of <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Market_power" title="Market power">market power</a> or by utilising their <a href="/wiki/Wealth" title="Wealth">wealth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Resources">resources</a> to legislate government policies that benefit their specific business interests. Additionally, Vaněk states that workers in a socialist economy based on <a href="/wiki/Worker_cooperative" title="Worker cooperative">worker-owned cooperatives</a> have more substantial incentives to maximise productivity because they would receive a share of the profits based on the overall performance of their enterprise, plus their fixed wage or salary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins2016-128">[126]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Lange%E2%80%93Lerner_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Lange–Lerner model">Lange–Lerner model</a> is a model first proposed by <a href="/wiki/Oskar_R._Lange" title="Oskar R. Lange">Oskar R. Lange</a> in 1936 in response to the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_calculation_debate" title="Socialist calculation debate">socialist calculation debate</a> and later expanded by <a href="/wiki/Abba_P._Lerner" title="Abba P. Lerner">Abba P. Lerner</a> in 1938, which is based on public ownership of the means of production with simultaneous market-based allocation of consumer goods. While this model is typically considered a type of centrally planned economy, Lange and Lerner referred to it as a market socialist model.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-Post-Lange_Socialism:_An_Evaluation_of_Profit-Oriented_Proposals,_1995-130">[128]</a> Many <a href="/wiki/Pre-Marx_socialists" title="Pre-Marx socialists">pre-Marx socialists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proto-socialists" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-socialists">proto-socialists</a> were fervent anti-capitalists just as they were supporters of the free market, including the British philosopher <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hodgskin" title="Thomas Hodgskin">Thomas Hodgskin</a>, the French <a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">mutualist</a> thinker and <a href="/wiki/Anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist">anarchist</a> philosopher <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Pierre-Joseph Proudhon</a> and American philosophers <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Benjamin Tucker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Lysander Spooner</a>, among others.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBraudel1979-131">[129]</a> Although capitalism has been commonly conflated with the free market, there is a similar <a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">laissez-faire</a> economic theory and system associated with socialism called <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_laissez-faire" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing laissez-faire">left-wing laissez-faire</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManley_2014_(Part_One)Manley_2014_(Part_Two)-132">[130]</a> to distinguish it from <a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Laissez-faire capitalism">laissez-faire capitalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarson2009ChartierJohnson2011-133">[131]</a> One example of this democratic market socialist tendency is mutualism, a democratic and libertarian socialist theory developed by Proudhon in the 18th century, from which <a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">individualist anarchism</a> emerged. Benjamin Tucker is one eminent <a href="/wiki/American_individualist_anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="American individualist anarchist">American individualist anarchist</a> who adopted a <a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire_socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Laissez-faire socialist">laissez-faire socialist</a> system he termed <a href="/wiki/Anarchistic_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchistic socialism">anarchistic socialism</a> as opposed to <a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">state socialism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETucker1972Brown1997107-134">[132]</a> This tradition has been recently associated with contemporary scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Carson" title="Kevin Carson">Kevin Carson</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarson2008Carson2010-135">[133]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gary_Chartier" title="Gary Chartier">Gary Chartier</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChartier2009-136">[134]</a> Charles W. Johnson,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson2008155–188-137">[135]</a> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Edward_Konkin_III" title="Samuel Edward Konkin III">Samuel Edward Konkin III</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2012227-138">[136]</a> Roderick T. Long,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2000Kuskowski2008-139">[137]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Matthew_Sciabarra" title="Chris Matthew Sciabarra">Chris Matthew Sciabarra</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESciabarra2000-140">[138]</a> and Brad Spangler,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpangler2006-141">[139]</a> who stress the value of radically free markets, termed <a href="/wiki/Freed_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Freed market">freed markets</a> to distinguish them from the common conception which these <a href="/wiki/Left-libertarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-libertarians">left-libertarians</a> believe to be riddled with <a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">statism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bourgeois" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgeois">bourgeois</a> privileges.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillis201119–20-142">[140]</a> Sometimes referred to as left-wing market anarchists,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChartierJohnson2011Zwolinski2013-143">[141]</a> proponents of this approach strongly affirm the <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical liberal">classical liberal</a> ideas of <a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">self-ownership</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_markets" class="mw-redirect" title="Free markets">free markets</a> while maintaining that taken to their logical conclusions, these ideas support <a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-capitalist">anti-capitalist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-corporatist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-corporatist">anti-corporatist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">anti-hierarchical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pro-labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-labour">pro-labour</a> positions in economics, <a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">anti-imperialism</a> in foreign policy and radically progressive views regarding sociocultural issues such as gender, sexuality and race.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChartierJohnson2011-144">[142]</a> Echoing the language of these market socialists, they maintain that radical market anarchism should be seen by its proponents and by others as part of the socialist tradition because of its heritage, emancipatory goals and potential and that market anarchists can and should call themselves socialists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChartier_2009_(Socialist_Ends,_Market_Means)Chartier2010Chartier_2010_(Speech)-145">[143]</a> Critics of the free market and laissez-faire, as commonly understood, argue that socialism is fully compatible with a <a href="/wiki/Market_socialist_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Market socialist economy">market economy</a> and that a genuinely free-market or laissez-faire system would be anti-capitalist and socialist.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManley_2014_(Part_One)Manley_2014_(Part_Two)-132">[130]</a> According to its supporters, this would result in the society advocated by democratic socialists, when socialism is not understood as state socialism and conflated with <a href="/wiki/Self-described_socialist_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-described socialist state">self-described socialist states</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200995Stossel2010Kristof2011-146">[144]</a> The free market and laissez-faire are free from all economic privilege, monopolies and artificial scarcities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarson2009ChartierJohnson2011-133">[131]</a> This is consistent with the <a href="/wiki/Classical_economics" title="Classical economics">classical economics</a> view that <a href="/wiki/Economic_rents" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic rents">economic rents</a>, i.e. profits generated from a lack of <a href="/wiki/Perfect_competition" title="Perfect competition">perfect competition</a>, must be reduced or eliminated as much as possible through free competition rather than free from regulation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopper1994-147">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Implementation">Implementation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Implementation">edit</a>]</div> While socialism is commonly used to describe Marxism–Leninism and affiliated states and governments, there have also been several <a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of anarchist communities">anarchist</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_socialist_states#Ephemeral_socialist_states" title="List of socialist states">socialist</a> societies that followed democratic socialist principles, encompassing <a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">anti-authoritarian</a> and democratic <a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">anti-capitalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaxman2018-148">[146]</a> The most notable historical examples are the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a>, the various <a href="/wiki/Soviet_republic_(system_of_government)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet republic (system of government)">soviet republics</a> established in the post-World War I period, early Soviet Russia before the abolition of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_(council)" title="Soviet (council)">soviet councils</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Catalonia" title="Revolutionary Catalonia">Revolutionary Catalonia</a> as noted by <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrwell19804–6-149">[147]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rojava" class="mw-redirect" title="Rojava">Federation of Rojava</a> in Northern <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamnath2019691-150">[148]</a> Other examples include the <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutz</a> communities in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldenbergWekerle1972224–232-151">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marinaleda" title="Marinaleda">Marinaleda</a> in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHancox2013-152">[150]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Rebel_Zapatista_Autonomous_Municipalities" title="Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities">Zapatistas</a> of <a href="/wiki/EZLN" class="mw-redirect" title="EZLN">EZLN</a> in the region of <a href="/wiki/Chiapas" title="Chiapas">Chiapas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsteva2013Vidal2018-153">[151]</a> and to some extent, the <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">workers' self-management</a> policies within the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2019-154">[152]</a> However, the best-known example is <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Republic_(1925%E2%80%931973)" title="Presidential Republic (1925–1973)">Chile</a> under <a href="/wiki/President_of_Chile" title="President of Chile">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Salvador Allende</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMabry1975BBC2003Patsouras2005265-155">[153]</a> who was overthrown in a <a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état">military coup</a> funded and backed by the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey20057-156">[154]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Nationalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalisation">nationalisation</a> of large industries was relatively widespread during the <a href="/wiki/Keynesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Keynesian">Keynesian</a> <a href="/wiki/Post-war_consensus" title="Post-war consensus">post-war consensus</a>, it was not uncommon for some political commentators to describe several European countries as democratic socialist states seeking to move their countries towards a <a href="/wiki/Socialist_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist economy">socialist economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett1978Heilbroner199196–110Kendall2011125Li201569-157">[155]</a> In 1956, leading British <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> politician <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Anthony Crosland</a> claimed that capitalism had been abolished in Britain. However, others, such as Welshman <a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Aneurin Bevan</a>, Minister of Health in the first <a href="/wiki/Attlee_ministry" title="Attlee ministry">post-war Labour government</a> and the architect of the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a>, disputed the claim that Britain was a socialist state.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESocialist_Party_of_Great_Britain1958Crosland20069,_89-158">[156]</a> For Crosland and others who supported his views, Britain was a socialist state. According to Bevan, Britain had a socialist <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a>, which opposed the <a href="/wiki/Hedonism" title="Hedonism">hedonism</a> of Britain's capitalist society.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevan1952106-159">[157]</a> Although the <a href="/wiki/Capital_accumulation" title="Capital accumulation">laws of capitalism</a> still operated entirely as in the rest of Europe and <a href="/wiki/Private_enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Private enterprise">private enterprise</a> dominated the economy,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBatson2017-160">[158]</a> several political commentators claimed that during the post-war period, when socialist parties were in power, countries such as Britain and France were democratic socialist states. The same claim is now applied to Nordic countries with the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">Nordic model</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett1978Heilbroner199196–110Kendall2011125–127Li201560–69-161">[159]</a> In the 1980s, the government of President <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> aimed to expand <a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">dirigisme</a> by attempting to nationalise all French banks, but this attempt faced opposition from the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a>, which demanded a <a href="/wiki/Capitalist_free-market_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitalist free-market economy">capitalist free-market economy</a> among its members.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECobham1984Cohen2010-162">[160]</a> Nevertheless, <a href="/wiki/Public_ownership" class="mw-redirect" title="Public ownership">public ownership</a> in France and the United Kingdom during the height of nationalisation in the 1960s and 1970s never accounted for more than 15–20% of <a href="/wiki/Capital_formation" title="Capital formation">capital formation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBatson2017-160">[158]</a> The form of socialism practised by parties such as the Singaporean <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Action_Party" title="People's Action Party">People's Action Party</a> during its first few decades in power was pragmatic, as it its rejection of mass nationalisation characterised it. The party still claimed to be <a href="/wiki/Socialist_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist party">socialist</a>, pointing out its extensive regulation of the private sector, activist intervention in the economy and social welfare policies as evidence of this claim.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorley1993-163">[161]</a> Singaporean Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a> stated that he had been influenced by the democratic socialist factions of the British Labour Party.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKerr1999-164">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophy">Philosophy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Philosophy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karl_Marx.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Karl_Marx.jpg/170px-Karl_Marx.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Karl_Marx.jpg/255px-Karl_Marx.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Karl_Marx.jpg/340px-Karl_Marx.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, whose thought influenced the development of democratic socialism, with some endorsing it and others rejecting it<a href="#cite_note-166">[nb 3]</a></figcaption></figure> Democratic socialism involves the majority of the population controlling the economy through some <a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">democratic system</a>, with the idea that the <a href="/wiki/Means_of_production" title="Means of production">means of production</a> are owned and managed by the <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdelstein1993-3">[3]</a> The interrelationship between <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a> extends far back into the socialist movement to <a href="/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto" title="The Communist Manifesto">The Communist Manifesto</a>'s emphasis on winning as a first step the "battle of democracy",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngelsMarx184852-167">[164]</a> with <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> writing that democracy is "the road to socialism."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArora2017-168">[165]</a> Socialist thinkers such as <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Eduard Bernstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Karl Kautsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Rosa Luxemburg</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuxemburg1900"Co-operatives,_Unions,_Democracy",_"Conquest_of_Political_Power"Draper1966"The_"Revisionist"_Facade"-169">[166]</a> wrote that democracy is indispensable to realising socialism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsakhan2015354-170">[167]</a> Philosophical support for democratic socialism can be found in the works of political philosophers such as <a href="/wiki/Axel_Honneth" title="Axel Honneth">Axel Honneth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(philosopher)" title="Charles Taylor (philosopher)">Charles Taylor</a>. Honneth has put forward the view that political and economic ideologies have a social basis, meaning they originate from intersubjective communication between members of society. Honneth criticises the <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> state and ideology because it assumes that principles of <a href="/wiki/Individual_liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual liberty">individual liberty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">private property</a> are ahistorical and abstract when they evolved from a specific social discourse on human activity. In contrast to <a href="/wiki/Liberal_individualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal individualism">liberal individualism</a>, Honneth has emphasised the intersubjective dependence between humans, namely that human well-being depends on recognising others and being recognised by them. With an emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Community" title="Community">community</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">solidarity</a>, democratic socialism can be seen as a way of safeguarding this dependency.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHonneth1995231–247-171">[168]</a> While socialism is frequently used to describe <a href="/wiki/Socialist_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist states">socialist states</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet-type_economic_planning" title="Soviet-type economic planning">Soviet-style economies</a>, especially in the United States due to the <a href="/wiki/First_Red_Scare" title="First Red Scare">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Red_Scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Red Scare">Second</a> <a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Red Scares</a>, democratic socialists use socialism to refer to the tendency that rejects the ideas of <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">authoritarian socialism</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">state socialism</a> as socialism,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEatwellWright199980Busky20007–8Prychitko200272AltChambersGarrettKurian2010401-42">[40]</a> regarding them as a form of <a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">state capitalism</a> in which the state undertakes <a href="/wiki/Profit_(economics)" title="Profit (economics)">commercial economic activity</a> and where the <a href="/wiki/Means_of_production" title="Means of production">means of production</a> are organised and managed as <a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises" class="mw-redirect" title="State-owned enterprises">state-owned enterprises</a>, including the processes of <a href="/wiki/Capital_accumulation" title="Capital accumulation">capital accumulation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centralised" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralised">centralised</a> <a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">management</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wage_labour" title="Wage labour">wage labour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChomsky1986HowardKing2001110–126Wolff2015-172">[169]</a> Democratic socialists include those socialists who are opposed to <a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a> and social democrats who are committed to the abolishment of <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a> in favour of <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a> and the institution of a <a href="/wiki/Post-capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-capitalist">post-capitalist</a> economy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEatwellWright199980Busky20007–8Prychitko200272AltChambersGarrettKurian2010401-42">[40]</a> Andrew Lipow thus wrote in 1847 the editors of the Journal of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_League" title="Communist League">Communist League</a>, directly influenced by Marx and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a>, whom Lipow describes as "the founders of modern revolutionary democratic socialism": <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">We are not among those communists who are out to destroy personal liberty, who wish to turn the world into one huge barrack or into a gigantic workhouse. There certainly are some communists who, with an easy conscience, refuse to countenance personal liberty and would like to shuffle it out of the world because they consider that it is a hindrance to complete harmony. But we have no desire to exchange freedom for equality. We are convinced that in no social order will freedom be assured as in a society based upon communal ownership.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELipow19911-173">[170]</a></blockquote> Theoretically and philosophically, socialism itself is democratic, seen as the highest democratic form by its proponents and at one point being the same as democracy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELink1968559–562"Socialism_and_Democracy"Pestritto200577–78"Socialism_and_Democracy"Schweickart2006-174">[171]</a> Some argue that socialism implies democracy<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESocialist_Party_USA-175">[172]</a> and that democratic socialism is a redundant term.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1918LaclauMouffe1985Busky20007–8-176">[173]</a> However, others, such as <a href="/wiki/Michael_Harrington" title="Michael Harrington">Michael Harrington</a>, argue that the term democratic socialism is necessary to distinguish it from that of the Soviet Union and other self-declared socialist states. For Harrington, the primary reason for this was the perspective that viewed the <a href="/wiki/Stalinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalinist">Stalinist</a>-era Soviet Union as having succeeded in usurping the legacy of Marxism and distorting it in propaganda to justify its politics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrington2011162-177">[174]</a> Both Leninism and Marxism–Leninism have emphasised democracy,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusky20008-178">[175]</a> endorsing some form of democratic organisation of society and the economy whilst supporting <a href="/wiki/Democratic_centralism" title="Democratic centralism">democratic centralism</a>, with Marxist–Leninists and others arguing that socialist states such as the Soviet Union were democratic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebbWebb1935Sloan1937Farber1992Getzler2002-179">[176]</a> Marxist–Leninists also tended to distinguish socialist democracy from democratic socialism, which they associated pejoratively with "reformism" and "social democracy."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusky20008Panfilov1979-180">[177]</a> Ultimately, they are considered outside the democratic socialist tradition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEatwellWright199980Busky20007–8Prychitko200272-181">[178]</a> On the other hand, <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchism</a> (especially within its <a href="/wiki/Social_anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Social anarchist">social anarchist</a> tradition) and other ultra-left tendencies have been discussed within the democratic socialist tradition for their opposition to Marxism–Leninism and their support for more decentralised, direct forms of democracy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraper196657–84Poulantzas1978Hain1995Hain2000118-182">[179]</a> While both anarchists and ultra-left tendencies have rejected the label as they tend to associate it with reformist and statist forms of democratic socialism, they are considered revolutionary-democratic forms of socialism, and some anarchists have referred to democratic socialism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDongyoun2016171–174-183">[180]</a> Some Trotskyist organisations such as the Australian <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alliance_(Australia)" title="Socialist Alliance (Australia)">Socialist Alliance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(Australia)" title="Socialist Alternative (Australia)">Socialist Alternative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Socialists" title="Victorian Socialists">Victorian Socialists</a> or the French <a href="/wiki/New_Anticapitalist_Party" title="New Anticapitalist Party">New Anticapitalist Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_League_(France)" title="Revolutionary Communist League (France)">Revolutionary Communist League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialism_from_below" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialism from below">Socialism from below</a> have described their form of socialism as democratic and have emphasised democracy in their revolutionary development of socialism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray2001Debbaut2007Agence_France-Presse2008Socialist_Alternative2015Victorian_Socialists2019-184">[181]</a> Similarly, several Trotskyists have emphasised <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a>'s revolutionary-democratic socialism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaaffe2019-185">[182]</a> Some such as <a href="/wiki/Hal_Draper" title="Hal Draper">Hal Draper</a> spoke of "revolutionary-democratic socialism."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraper1966-186">[183]</a> Those <a href="/wiki/Third_camp" title="Third camp">third camp</a> revolutionary-democratic socialists advocated a socialist <a href="/wiki/Political_revolution_(Trotskyism)" title="Political revolution (Trotskyism)">political revolution</a> to establish or re-establish socialist democracy in <a href="/wiki/Deformed_workers%27_state" title="Deformed workers' state">deformed</a> or <a href="/wiki/Degenerated_workers%27_state" title="Degenerated workers' state">degenerated workers' states</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELipow19911LeBlanc2014202Internationalist_Marxist_Tendency-187">[184]</a> Draper also compared social democracy and Stalinism as two forms of <a href="/wiki/Socialism_from_above" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialism from above">socialism from above</a>, contraposed to his socialism from below as being the purer, more Marxist version of socialism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraper1966-186">[183]</a> As a political tradition, democratic socialism represents a broad <a href="/wiki/Anti-Stalinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Stalinist">anti-Stalinist</a> <a href="/wiki/Leftist" class="mw-redirect" title="Leftist">leftist</a> and, in many cases, <a href="/wiki/Anti-Leninist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Leninist">anti-Leninist</a> strand within the socialist movement,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEatwellWright199980Busky20007–8Prychitko200272AltChambersGarrettKurian2010401-42">[40]</a> including anti-authoritarian socialism from below,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraper196657–84-188">[185]</a> <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">libertarian socialism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraper196657–84Hain1995Hain2000118-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">market socialism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersonHerr2007448-4">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraper1966Prychitko200272-189">[186]</a> and certain <a href="/wiki/Left_communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Left communist">left communist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ultra-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra-left">ultra-left</a> tendencies such as <a href="/wiki/Councilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Councilism">councilism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Communisation">communisation</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Classical_Marxism" title="Classical Marxism">classical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Marxism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Marxism">libertarian Marxism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraper1966Poulantzas1978-190">[187]</a> It also includes the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Marxism" title="Orthodox Marxism">orthodox Marxism</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBookchin1998284-191">[188]</a> related to Karl Kautsky<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuldoon2019Post2019Blanc2019Kalsang_BhutiaVeenu2019-192">[189]</a> and Rosa Luxemburg,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraper1966"The_"Revisionist"_Facade"Starke2020-193">[190]</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Revisionism_(Marxism)" title="Revisionism (Marxism)">revisionism</a> of Eduard Bernstein.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein1907Steger1997Angel2020-194">[191]</a> In addition, democratic socialism is related to the trend of <a href="/wiki/Eurocommunism" title="Eurocommunism">Eurocommunism</a> originating between the 1950s and 1980s,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimmermann1977376–385Azcárate1978"What_Is_Eurocommunism?"Ranadive19783–35Devlin197981–107Spieker1980427–464-195">[192]</a> referring to <a href="/wiki/Communist_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist parties">communist parties</a> that adopted democratic socialism after <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a>'s <a href="/wiki/De-Stalinisation" class="mw-redirect" title="De-Stalinisation">de-Stalinisation</a> in 1956,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGodsonHaseler1978Bracke2013168–170Kindersley2016-196">[193]</a> but also that of most communist parties since the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusky20007Sargent2008117Bailey200977-197">[194]</a> As a related ideology, classical <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a> is a form of democratic socialism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas1953Hattersley1987Hamilton1989Tomlinson1997Busky20007–8Pierson2005Sargent2008117–118-198">[195]</a> Social democracy underwent various major forms throughout its history and is distinguished between the early trend<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1998827-199">[196]</a> that supported <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">revolutionary socialism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEly1883204–205Lamb2015415–416-200">[197]</a> mainly related to Marx and Engels,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuignanKalsang_BhutiaMahajan2016-201">[198]</a> as well as other notable social-democratic politicians and orthodox Marxist thinkers such as Bernstein,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein1907Steger1997Angel2020-194">[191]</a> Kautsky,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuldoon2019Post2019Blanc2019Kalsang_BhutiaVeenu2019-192">[189]</a> Luxemburg<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraper1966"The_"Revisionist"_Facade"Starke2020-193">[190]</a> and Lenin,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELamb2015415–416Sunkara2020-202">[199]</a> including more democratic and libertarian interpretations of <a href="/wiki/Leninism" title="Leninism">Leninism</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih20035–49Brown20043Lih2005Craig2006Schulman2016-203">[200]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Revisionism_(Marxism)" title="Revisionism (Marxism)">revisionist</a> trend adopted by Bernstein and other reformist socialist leaders between the 1890s and 1940s;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraper1966"The_"Revisionist"_Facade"DuignanKalsang_BhutiaMahajan2009-204">[201]</a> the post-war trend<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1998827-199">[196]</a> that adopted or endorsed <a href="/wiki/Keynesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Keynesian">Keynesian</a> <a href="/wiki/Welfare_capitalism" title="Welfare capitalism">welfare capitalism</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright199980–103Fitzpatrick20032–3-205">[202]</a> as part of a compromise between capitalism and socialism;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEgleHenkesMerkelPetring200810Harrington201193-206">[203]</a> and those opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrientosPowell20049–26Cammack2004151–166Romano2006Hinnfors2006Lafontaine2009Corfe2010-24">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views_on_the_compatibility_of_democracy_and_socialism">Views on the compatibility of democracy and socialism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Views on the compatibility of democracy and socialism">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support">Support</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Support">edit</a>]</div> One of the foremost scholars who have argued that socialism and democracy are compatible is the Austrian-born American economist <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Joseph Schumpeter</a>, who was hostile to socialism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorwitz1994255-207">[204]</a> In his book <a href="/wiki/Capitalism,_Socialism_and_Democracy" title="Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy">Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy</a> (1942), Schumpeter emphasised that "political democracy was thoroughly compatible with socialism in its fullest sense".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchumpeter1942Medearis1997-208">[205]</a> However, it has been noted that he did not believe that democracy was a sound political system and advocated republican values.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett1978-34">[32]</a> In a 1963 <a href="/wiki/All_India_Congress_Committee" title="All India Congress Committee">All India Congress Committee</a> address, Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> stated: "Political democracy has no meaning if it does not embrace <a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">economic democracy</a>. And economic democracy is nothing but socialism."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilgrami196526–31-209">[206]</a> Political historian <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Draper" title="Theodore Draper">Theodore Draper</a> wrote: "I know of no political group which has resisted totalitarianism in all its guises more steadfastly than democratic socialists."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett1978-34">[32]</a> Historian and economist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Heilbroner" title="Robert Heilbroner">Robert Heilbroner</a> argued that "[t]here is, of course, no conflict between such a socialism and freedom as we have described it; indeed, this conception of socialism is the very epitome of these freedoms", referring to open association of individuals in political and social life; the democratization and humanization of work; and the cultivation of personal talents and creativity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett1978-34">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bayard_Rustin" title="Bayard Rustin">Bayard Rustin</a>, a long-time member of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a> and National Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats,_USA" title="Social Democrats, USA">Social Democrats, USA</a>, wrote: "For me, socialism has meaning only if it is democratic. Of the many claimants to socialism only one has a valid title—that socialism which views democracy as valuable per se, which stands for democracy unequivocally, and which continually modifies socialist ideas and programs in the light of democratic experience. This is the socialism of the labor, social-democratic, and socialist parties of Western Europe."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett1978-34">[32]</a> Economist and political theorist <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a> argued: "We cannot be sure that the principles of democracy and socialism are compatible until we can observe a viable society following both principles. But there is no convincing evidence or reasoning which would argue that a democratic-socialist movement is inherently self-contradictory. Nor need we fear that gradual moves in the direction of increasing government intervention will lead to an irreversible move to '<a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Serfdom" title="The Road to Serfdom">serfdom</a>.'"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett1978-34">[32]</a> Journalist <a href="/wiki/William_Pfaff" title="William Pfaff">William Pfaff</a> wrote: "It might be argued that socialism ineluctably breeds state bureaucracy, which then imposes its own kinds of restrictions upon individual liberties. This is what the Scandinavians complain about. But Italy's champion bureaucracy owes nothing to socialism. American bureaucracy grows as luxuriantly and behaves as officiously as any other."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett1978-34">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Economic_anthropologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic anthropologist">Economic anthropologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Jason_Hickel" title="Jason Hickel">Jason Hickel</a> and his colleague Dylan Sullivan argue that in order to transcend the problems associated with the persistent underdevelopment in the contemporary "imperialist world economy", where "continued capital accumulation may create pressures for cheapening labour" which "works against the goals of human development," and also the top-down <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">authoritarian socialism</a> as experienced in the Soviet Union and Maoist China, which they argue is "at odds with the socialist goals of workers’ self-management and democratic control over production," it will be necessary to adopt a "socialist strategy in the twenty-first century that is radically democratic, extending democracy to production itself."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHickelSullivan2023-210">[207]</a> Marxist theorist and revolutionary <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a> wrote that: "Socialism needs democracy like the human body needs oxygen".<a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a> In particular, he believed that central planners in the Soviet Union, regardless of their intellectual capacity, operated without the input and participation of the millions of people who participate in the economy and so they would be unable to respond to local conditions quickly enough to effectively coordinate all economic activity.<a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/The_Death_Agony_of_Capitalism_and_the_Tasks_of_the_Fourth_International" title="The Death Agony of Capitalism and the Tasks of the Fourth International">Transitional Program</a>, which was drafted in 1938 during the founding congress of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_International" title="Fourth International">Fourth International</a>, Trotsky called for the legalization of the <a href="/wiki/Second_All-Russian_Congress_of_Soviets_of_Workers%27_and_Soldiers%27_Deputies" title="Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies">Soviet parties</a> and <a href="/wiki/Workers_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers control">worker's control of production</a>.<a href="#cite_note-213">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition">Opposition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Opposition">edit</a>]</div> Some anti-socialist politicians, economists, and theorists have argued that socialism and democracy are incompatible. According to them, history is full of instances of <a href="/wiki/List_of_socialist_states" title="List of socialist states">self-declared socialist states</a> that at one point were committed to the values of <a href="/wiki/Personal_liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal liberty">personal liberty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">freedom of the press</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association" title="Freedom of association">freedom of association</a> but then found themselves clamping down on such freedoms as they end up being viewed as inconvenient or contrary towards their political or economic goals.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett1978-34">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics" title="Chicago school of economics">Chicago School</a> economist <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a> argued that a "society which is socialist cannot also be democratic" in the sense of "guaranteeing individual freedom."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett1978-34">[32]</a> Sociologist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet" title="Robert Nisbet">Robert Nisbet</a>, a philosophical conservative who began his career as a leftist, argued in 1978 that there is "not a single free socialism to be found anywhere in the world."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett1978-34">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Neoconservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoconservative">Neoconservative</a> <a href="/wiki/Irving_Kristol" title="Irving Kristol">Irving Kristol</a> argued: "Democratic socialism turns out to be an inherently unstable compound, a contradiction in terms. Every social democratic party, once in power, soon finds itself choosing, at one point after another, between the socialist society it aspires to and the liberal society that lathered it." Kristol added that "socialist movements end up [in] a society where liberty is the property of the state, and is (or is not) doled out to its citizens along with other contingent 'benefits'."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett1978-34">[32]</a> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Anti-communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-communist">anti-communist</a> academic <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pipes" title="Richard Pipes">Richard Pipes</a> argued: "The merger of political and economic power implicit in socialism greatly strengthens the ability of the state and its bureaucracy to control the population. Theoretically, this capacity need not be exercised and need not lead to growing domination of the population by the state. In practice, such a tendency is virtually inevitable. For one thing, the socialization of the economy must lead to a numerical growth of the bureaucracy required to administer it, and this process cannot fail to augment the power of the state. For another, socialism leads to a tug of war between the state, bent on enforcing its economic monopoly, and the ordinary citizen, equally determined to evade it; the result is repression and the creation of specialized repressive organs."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett1978-34">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 21em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_republic" title="Democratic republic">Democratic republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Party_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Democratic Socialist Party (disambiguation)">Democratic Socialist Party (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Group_of_Democratic_Socialists" title="International Group of Democratic Socialists">International Group of Democratic Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-capitalist_and_communist_parties_with_national_parliamentary_representation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of anti-capitalist and communist parties with national parliamentary representation">List of anti-capitalist and communist parties with national parliamentary representation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_democratic_and_democratic_socialist_parties_that_have_governed" title="List of social democratic and democratic socialist parties that have governed">List of social democratic and democratic socialist parties that have governed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_democratic_socialist_parties_and_organizations" title="List of democratic socialist parties and organizations">List of democratic socialist parties and organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_democratic_socialists" title="List of democratic socialists">List of democratic socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Labour_parties" title="List of Labour parties">List of Labour parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_left-wing_political_parties" title="List of left-wing political parties">List of left-wing political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_democratic_parties" title="List of social democratic parties">List of social democratic parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_democrats" title="List of social democrats">List of social democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennial_socialism" title="Millennial socialism">Millennial socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular socialism">Popular socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party" title="Social Democratic Party">Social Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party" title="Socialist Party">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_democracy" title="Soviet democracy">Soviet democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_democratic_socialists" title="List of democratic socialists">List of democratic socialists</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTsakalotos2001">Tsakalotos 2001</a>, p. 26: "... most left-wing approaches (social democratic, democratic socialist, and so on) to how the market economy works."); <a href="#CITEREFBrandalBratbergThorsen2013">Brandal, Bratberg & Thorsen 2013</a>, Introduction: "In Scandinavia, as in the rest of the world, 'social democracy' and 'democratic socialism' have often been used interchangeably to define the part of the left pursuing gradual reform through democratic means." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1918Busky20007Abjorensen2019115-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1918Busky20007Abjorensen2019115_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSinclair1918">Sinclair 1918</a>; <a href="#CITEREFBusky2000">Busky 2000</a>, p. 7; <a href="#CITEREFAbjorensen2019">Abjorensen 2019</a>, p. 115. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdelstein1993-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdelstein1993_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdelstein1993_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdelstein1993_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdelstein1993_3-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFEdelstein1993">Edelstein 1993</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersonHerr2007448-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersonHerr2007448_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersonHerr2007448_4-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAndersonHerr2007">Anderson & Herr 2007</a>, p. 448. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltChambersGarrettKurian2010401-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltChambersGarrettKurian2010401_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltChambersGarrettKurian2010401_5-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAltChambersGarrettKurian2010">Alt et al. 2010</a>, p. 401. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusky200010-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBusky200010_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBusky2000">Busky 2000</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltChambersGarrettKurian2010401Abjorensen2019115-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltChambersGarrettKurian2010401Abjorensen2019115_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAltChambersGarrettKurian2010">Alt et al. 2010</a>, p. 401; <a href="#CITEREFAbjorensen2019">Abjorensen 2019</a>, p. 115. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams1985289Foley199423EatwellWright199980Busky20007–8-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1985289Foley199423EatwellWright199980Busky20007–8_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWilliams1985">Williams 1985</a>, p. 289; <a href="#CITEREFFoley1994">Foley 1994</a>, p. 23; <a href="#CITEREFEatwellWright1999">Eatwell & Wright 1999</a>, p. 80; <a href="#CITEREFBusky2000">Busky 2000</a>, pp. 7–8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein1907Cole1961Steger1997-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernstein1907Cole1961Steger1997_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBernstein1907">Bernstein 1907</a>; <a href="#CITEREFCole1961">Cole 1961</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSteger1997">Steger 1997</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusky20007–8Prychitko200272-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBusky20007–8Prychitko200272_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBusky2000">Busky 2000</a>, pp. 7–8; <a href="#CITEREFPrychitko2002">Prychitko 2002</a>, p. 72. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraper196657–84Hain1995Hain2000118-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDraper196657–84Hain1995Hain2000118_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDraper196657–84Hain1995Hain2000118_11-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDraper1966">Draper 1966</a>, pp. 57–84; <a href="#CITEREFHain1995">Hain 1995</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHain2000">Hain 2000</a>, p. 118. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHain1995AndersonHerr2007448-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHain1995AndersonHerr2007448_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHain1995">Hain 1995</a>; <a href="#CITEREFAndersonHerr2007">Anderson & Herr 2007</a>, p. 448. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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<a href="#CITEREFPost2019">Post 2019</a>; <a href="#CITEREFBlanc2019">Blanc 2019</a>; <a href="#CITEREFKalsang_BhutiaVeenu2019">Kalsang Bhutia & Veenu 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraper1966"The_"Revisionist"_Facade"Starke2020-193">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDraper1966"The_"Revisionist"_Facade"Starke2020_193-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDraper1966"The_"Revisionist"_Facade"Starke2020_193-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDraper1966">Draper 1966</a>, "The "Revisionist" Facade"; <a href="#CITEREFStarke2020">Starke 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein1907Steger1997Angel2020-194">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernstein1907Steger1997Angel2020_194-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernstein1907Steger1997Angel2020_194-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBernstein1907">Bernstein 1907</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSteger1997">Steger 1997</a>; <a href="#CITEREFAngel2020">Angel 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETimmermann1977376–385Azcárate1978"What_Is_Eurocommunism?"Ranadive19783–35Devlin197981–107Spieker1980427–464-195"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimmermann1977376–385Azcárate1978"What_Is_Eurocommunism?"Ranadive19783–35Devlin197981–107Spieker1980427–464_195-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTimmermann1977">Timmermann 1977</a>, pp. 376–385; 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Wellred Books. pp. 1–372. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-900007-88-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-900007-88-7"><bdi>978-1-900007-88-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marxism+and+Anarchism&rft.pages=1-372&rft.pub=Wellred+Books&rft.date=2018-11-12&rft.isbn=978-1-900007-88-7&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Trotsky%2C+Leon&rft.au=Engels%2C+Friedrich&rft.au=Lenin%2C+V.+I.&rft.au=Plekhanov%2C+G.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRHJ9DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dtrotsky%2Bsocialism%2Bneeds%2Bdemocracy%2Blike%2Bthe%2Bbody%2Bneeds%2Boxygen%26pg%3DPT286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrotsky1972" class="citation book cs1">Trotsky, Leon (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WUo8AAAAIAAJ&q=even%20if%20the%20Politburo%20consisted%20of%20seven%20universal%20geniuses,%20of%20seven%20Marxes,%20or%20seven%20Lenins,%20it%20will%20still%20be%20unable,%20all%20on%20its%20own,%20with%20all%20its%20creative%20imagination,%20to%20assert%20command%20over%20the%20economy%20of%20170%20million%20people">Writings of Leon Trotsky. [Edited by George Breitman and Evelyn Reed: 1932–33</a>. Merit Publishers. p. 96.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writings+of+Leon+Trotsky.+%5BEdited+by+George+Breitman+and+Evelyn+Reed%3A+1932%E2%80%9333&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Merit+Publishers&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Trotsky&rft.aufirst=Leon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWUo8AAAAIAAJ%26q%3Deven%2520if%2520the%2520Politburo%2520consisted%2520of%2520seven%2520universal%2520geniuses%2C%2520of%2520seven%2520Marxes%2C%2520or%2520seven%2520Lenins%2C%2520it%2520will%2520still%2520be%2520unable%2C%2520all%2520on%2520its%2520own%2C%2520with%2520all%2520its%2520creative%2520imagination%2C%2520to%2520assert%2520command%2520over%2520the%2520economy%2520of%2520170%2520million%2520people&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiles2023" class="citation book cs1">Wiles, Peter (14 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mHAIEQAAQBAJ&dq=trotsky+legalization+of+soviet+parties+worker+control+of+production&pg=PA31">The Soviet Economy on the Brink of Reform: Essays in Honor of Alec Nove</a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-88190-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-88190-5"><bdi>978-1-000-88190-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Soviet+Economy+on+the+Brink+of+Reform%3A+Essays+in+Honor+of+Alec+Nove&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2023-06-14&rft.isbn=978-1-000-88190-5&rft.aulast=Wiles&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmHAIEQAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dtrotsky%2Blegalization%2Bof%2Bsoviet%2Bparties%2Bworker%2Bcontrol%2Bof%2Bproduction%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> "The far left is becoming the principal challenge to mainstream social democratic parties, in large part because its main parties are no longer extreme, but present themselves as defending the values and policies that social democrats have allegedly abandoned."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarch2008-21">[21]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Social democratic proponents of the Third Way were more concerned about challenging the <a href="/wiki/New_Right" title="New Right">New Right</a> to win back government power.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisSurender20043–4,_16-23">[22]</a> This has resulted in analysts and critics arguing that they endorsed capitalism, even if it was due to recognising that outspoken <a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">anti-capitalism</a> in these circumstances was politically nonviable, or that it was not only anti-socialist and <a href="/wiki/Neoliberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoliberal">neoliberal</a> but anti-social democratic in practice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrientosPowell20049–26Cammack2004151–166Romano2006Hinnfors2006Lafontaine2009Corfe2010-24">[23]</a> Some observers maintain this was the result of their type of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_reformism" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist reformism">reformism</a> that caused them to administer the system according to capitalist logic,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERomano2007114-25">[24]</a> while others saw it as a modern liberal form of democratic socialism within the context of market socialism, and distinguish it from classical democratic socialism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams1999127-26">[25]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> "Democratic Marxism is authentic Marxism — the Marxism which emphasizes the necessity for revolutionary action. Loyalty to the movement, not loyalty to any particular doctrine, is characteristic of the orthodox democratic Marxist."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMegill197045-165">[163]</a> "There is considerable controversy among scholars regarding Marx's own attitude toward democracy, but two lines of thought developed from Marx: one emphasizing democracy and one, the dominant line, rejecting it."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESargent2008118-49">[47]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Books">Books</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbjorensen2019" class="citation book cs1">Abjorensen, Norman (15 June 2019). Historical Dictionary of Democracy. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781538120743" title="Special:BookSources/9781538120743"><bdi>9781538120743</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Democracy&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2019-06-15&rft.isbn=9781538120743&rft.aulast=Abjorensen&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams1998" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Ian (1998). Ideology and Politics in Britain Today. Politics Today (illustrated, reprint ed.). Manchester, England: <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719050565" title="Special:BookSources/9780719050565"><bdi>9780719050565</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ideology+and+Politics+in+Britain+Today&rft.place=Manchester%2C+England&rft.series=Politics+Today&rft.edition=illustrated%2C+reprint&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780719050565&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams1999" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Ian (1999). "Social democracy to New Labour". Political Ideology Today. Politics Today. <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719050565" title="Special:BookSources/9780719050565"><bdi>9780719050565</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Social+democracy+to+New+Labour&rft.btitle=Political+Ideology+Today&rft.series=Politics+Today&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780719050565&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgustín2020" class="citation book cs1">Agustín, Óscar García (2020). Left-Wing Populism: The Politics of the People. Emerald Group Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781839092039" title="Special:BookSources/9781839092039"><bdi>9781839092039</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Left-Wing+Populism%3A+The+Politics+of+the+People&rft.pub=Emerald+Group+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781839092039&rft.aulast=Agust%C3%ADn&rft.aufirst=%C3%93scar+Garc%C3%ADa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlistairPyper2000" class="citation book cs1">Alistair, Mason; Pyper, Hugh (2000). Hastings, Adrian (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00hast">The Oxford Companion to Christian Thought</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198600244" title="Special:BookSources/9780198600244"><bdi>9780198600244</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Christian+Thought&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780198600244&rft.aulast=Alistair&rft.aufirst=Mason&rft.au=Pyper%2C+Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordcompaniont00hast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonHerr2007" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Gary L.; Herr, Kathryn G. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofac0001unse">Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice</a>. <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412918121" title="Special:BookSources/9781412918121"><bdi>9781412918121</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Activism+and+Social+Justice&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781412918121&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Gary+L.&rft.au=Herr%2C+Kathryn+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofac0001unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArora2017" class="citation book cs1">Arora, N. D. (2017). Political Science for Civil Services Mains Examination. <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill Education">McGraw-Hill Education</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789385965890" title="Special:BookSources/9789385965890"><bdi>9789385965890</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Science+for+Civil+Services+Mains+Examination&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9789385965890&rft.aulast=Arora&rft.aufirst=N.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzcárate1978" class="citation book cs1">Azcárate, Manuel (1978). "What Is Eurocommunism?". In Urban, George (ed.). Eurocommunism. Maurice Temple Smith. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780851171548" title="Special:BookSources/9780851171548"><bdi>9780851171548</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What+Is+Eurocommunism%3F&rft.btitle=Eurocommunism&rft.pub=Maurice+Temple+Smith&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780851171548&rft.aulast=Azc%C3%A1rate&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBailey2009" class="citation book cs1">Bailey, David J. (2009). The Political Economy of European Social Democracy: A Critical Realist Approach. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415604253" title="Special:BookSources/9780415604253"><bdi>9780415604253</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Economy+of+European+Social+Democracy%3A+A+Critical+Realist+Approach&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780415604253&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker2019" class="citation book cs1">Barker, J. Ellis (2019) [1908]. "Chapter V. The Aims and Policy of the Socialists". British Socialism: An Examination of Its Doctrines, Policy, Aims and Practical Proposals. Good Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+V.+The+Aims+and+Policy+of+the+Socialists&rft.btitle=British+Socialism%3A+An+Examination+of+Its+Doctrines%2C+Policy%2C+Aims+and+Practical+Proposals&rft.pub=Good+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=J.+Ellis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrientosPowell2004" class="citation book cs1">Barrientos, Armando; Powell, Martin (2004). "The Route Map of the Third Way". In Hale, Sarah; Leggett, Will; Martell, Luke (eds.). The Third Way and Beyond: Criticisms, Futures and Alternatives. <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>. pp. 9–26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719065989" title="Special:BookSources/9780719065989"><bdi>9780719065989</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Route+Map+of+the+Third+Way&rft.btitle=The+Third+Way+and+Beyond%3A+Criticisms%2C+Futures+and+Alternatives&rft.pages=9-26&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780719065989&rft.aulast=Barrientos&rft.aufirst=Armando&rft.au=Powell%2C+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennMullin1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Benn" title="Tony Benn">Benn, Tony</a>; Mullin, Chris (1979). Arguments for Socialism. J. Cape.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arguments+for+Socialism&rft.pub=J.+Cape&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Benn&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.au=Mullin%2C+Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerberoglu2018" class="citation book cs1">Berberoglu, Berch (2018). The Palgrave Handbook of Social Movements, Revolution, and Social Transformation. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319923543" title="Special:BookSources/9783319923543"><bdi>9783319923543</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Palgrave+Handbook+of+Social+Movements%2C+Revolution%2C+and+Social+Transformation&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9783319923543&rft.aulast=Berberoglu&rft.aufirst=Berch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerman1998" class="citation book cs1">Berman, Sheri (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/socialdemocratic00berm_0">The Social Democratic Moment: Ideas and Politics in the Making of Interwar Europe</a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674442610" title="Special:BookSources/9780674442610"><bdi>9780674442610</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Social+Democratic+Moment%3A+Ideas+and+Politics+in+the+Making+of+Interwar+Europe&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780674442610&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Sheri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsocialdemocratic00berm_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein1907" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein, Eduard</a> (1907) [1899]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/bernstein/works/1899/evsoc/index.htm">Evolutionary Socialism</a>. 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Is 'Third Way' Social Democracy Still a Form of Social Democracy?. Norderstedt, Germany: GRIN Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783638868327" title="Special:BookSources/9783638868327"><bdi>9783638868327</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Is+%27Third+Way%27+Social+Democracy+Still+a+Form+of+Social+Democracy%3F&rft.place=Norderstedt%2C+Germany&rft.pub=GRIN+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9783638868327&rft.aulast=D%C3%B6ring&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEatwellWright1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Eatwell" title="Roger Eatwell">Eatwell, Roger</a>; Wright, Anthony (1999). 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Towards a Federal Europe. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317998181" title="Special:BookSources/9781317998181"><bdi>9781317998181</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Towards+a+Federal+Europe&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781317998181&rft.aulast=Trechsel&rft.aufirst=Alexander+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker1972" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Benjamin (1972). State Socialism and Anarchism and Other Essays: Including the Attitude of Anarchism Toward Industrial Combinations and Why I Am an Anarchist (1st ed.). Ralph Myles Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780879260156" title="Special:BookSources/9780879260156"><bdi>9780879260156</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+Socialism+and+Anarchism+and+Other+Essays%3A+Including+the+Attitude+of+Anarchism+Toward+Industrial+Combinations+and+Why+I+Am+an+Anarchist&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Ralph+Myles+Pub&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=9780879260156&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWainwright1987" class="citation book cs1">Wainwright, Hilary (1987). Labour: A Tale of Two Parties. Hogarth Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780701207786" title="Special:BookSources/9780701207786"><bdi>9780701207786</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Labour%3A+A+Tale+of+Two+Parties&rft.pub=Hogarth+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780701207786&rft.aulast=Wainwright&rft.aufirst=Hilary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalters2001" class="citation book cs1">Walters, William (2001). "Governing Unemployment: Transforming "the Social"?". In Pavlich, George; Wickham, Gary (eds.). Rethinking Law, Society and Governance: Foucault's Bequest. Hart Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781841132938" title="Special:BookSources/9781841132938"><bdi>9781841132938</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Governing+Unemployment%3A+Transforming+%22the+Social%22%3F&rft.btitle=Rethinking+Law%2C+Society+and+Governance%3A+Foucault%27s+Bequest&rft.pub=Hart+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781841132938&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebbWebb1935" class="citation book cs1">Webb, Beatrice; Webb, Sidney (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sovietcommunismn0000webb_d7l8">Soviet Communism: A New Civilisation?</a>. London: Longmans.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soviet+Communism%3A+A+New+Civilisation%3F&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longmans&rft.date=1935&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Beatrice&rft.au=Webb%2C+Sidney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsovietcommunismn0000webb_d7l8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisskopf1994" class="citation book cs1">Weisskopf, Thomas E. (1994). "Challenges to Market Socialism: A Response to Critics". In Roosevelt, Frank; Belkin, David (eds.). Why Market Socialism? Voices from Dissent. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe. pp. 297–318. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781563244650" title="Special:BookSources/9781563244650"><bdi>9781563244650</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Challenges+to+Market+Socialism%3A+A+Response+to+Critics&rft.btitle=Why+Market+Socialism%3F+Voices+from+Dissent&rft.place=Armonk%2C+New+York&rft.pages=297-318&rft.pub=M.+E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9781563244650&rft.aulast=Weisskopf&rft.aufirst=Thomas+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhyman2005" class="citation book cs1">Whyman, Philip (2005). "Socialism". Third Way Economics: Theory and Evaluation. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230514652" title="Special:BookSources/9780230514652"><bdi>9780230514652</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Socialism&rft.btitle=Third+Way+Economics%3A+Theory+and+Evaluation&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780230514652&rft.aulast=Whyman&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1985" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Raymond (1985) [1976]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/keywordsvocabula0000will">Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society</a> (revised ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195204698" title="Special:BookSources/9780195204698"><bdi>9780195204698</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1035920683">1035920683</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Keywords%3A+A+Vocabulary+of+Culture+and+Society&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1035920683&rft.isbn=9780195204698&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkeywordsvocabula0000will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1999" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Anthony (1999). "Social Democracy and Democratic Socialism". In <a href="/wiki/Roger_Eatwell" title="Roger Eatwell">Eatwell, Roger</a>; Wright, Anthony (eds.). Contemporary Political Ideologies (2nd ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Continuum_International_Publishing_Group" title="Continuum International Publishing Group">Continuum</a>. pp. 80–103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781855676053" title="Special:BookSources/9781855676053"><bdi>9781855676053</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Social+Democracy+and+Democratic+Socialism&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Political+Ideologies&rft.place=London&rft.pages=80-103&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9781855676053&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Encyclopedias">Encyclopedias</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Encyclopedias">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltChambersGarrettKurian2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Alt, James E.; Chambers, Simone; Garrett, Geoffrey; Kurian, George Thomas; Levi, Margaret; McClain, Paula D. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpo0001unse_n7a3">The Encyclopedia of Political Science Set</a>. <a href="/wiki/CQ_Press" title="CQ Press">CQ Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781933116440" title="Special:BookSources/9781933116440"><bdi>9781933116440</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Political+Science+Set&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781933116440&rft.aulast=Alt&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rft.au=Chambers%2C+Simone&rft.au=Garrett%2C+Geoffrey&rft.au=Kurian%2C+George+Thomas&rft.au=Levi%2C+Margaret&rft.au=McClain%2C+Paula+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofpo0001unse_n7a3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamb2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lamb, Peter (2015). "Social democracy". Historical Dictionary of Socialism. Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442258266" title="Special:BookSources/9781442258266"><bdi>9781442258266</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Social+democracy&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Socialism&rft.series=Historical+Dictionaries+of+Religions%2C+Philosophies%2C+and+Movements&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781442258266&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1998" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Miller, David (1998). "Social Democracy". In Craig, Edward (ed.). Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 8. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 827. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415187138" title="Special:BookSources/9780415187138"><bdi>9780415187138</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Social+Democracy&rft.btitle=Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.pages=827&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780415187138&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanfilov1979" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Panfilov, E. G. (1979). "Democratic Socialism". The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (3rd ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Democratic+Socialism&rft.btitle=The+Great+Soviet+Encyclopedia&rft.edition=3rd&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Panfilov&rft.aufirst=E.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchweickart2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Schweickart, David (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofac0001unse">"Democratic Socialism"</a>. In Anderson, Gary L.; Herr, Kathryn G. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice. Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks, California: <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412918121" title="Special:BookSources/9781412918121"><bdi>9781412918121</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Democratic+Socialism&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Activism+and+Social+Justice&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+California&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781412918121&rft.aulast=Schweickart&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofac0001unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsakalotos2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Tsakalotos, Euclid (2001). "European Employment Policies: A New Social Democratic Model for Europe". In Arestis, Philip; Sawyer, Malcolm C. (eds.). The Economics of the Third Way: Experiences from Around the World. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 26–45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843762836" title="Special:BookSources/9781843762836"><bdi>9781843762836</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=European+Employment+Policies%3A+A+New+Social+Democratic+Model+for+Europe&rft.btitle=The+Economics+of+the+Third+Way%3A+Experiences+from+Around+the+World&rft.pages=26-45&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781843762836&rft.aulast=Tsakalotos&rft.aufirst=Euclid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolle2022" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Volle, Adam (6 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/democratic-socialism">"Democratic socialism"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Democratic+socialism&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2022-10-06&rft.aulast=Volle&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fdemocratic-socialism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Journals">Journals</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Journals">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2009" class="citation journal cs1">Allen, Christopher S. (1 September 2009). "'Empty Nets': Social Democracy and the 'Catch-All Party Thesis' in Germany and Sweden". Party Politics. 15 (5): 635–653. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1354068809336389">10.1177/1354068809336389</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11858%2F00-001M-0000-0012-4547-7">11858/00-001M-0000-0012-4547-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1354-0688">1354-0688</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144281202">144281202</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Party+Politics&rft.atitle=%27Empty+Nets%27%3A+Social+Democracy+and+the+%27Catch-All+Party+Thesis%27+in+Germany+and+Sweden&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=635-653&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11858%2F00-001M-0000-0012-4547-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144281202%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1354-0688&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1354068809336389&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Christopher+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBardhanRoemer1992" class="citation journal cs1">Bardhan, Pranab; Roemer, John E. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/actualites-politique/le-nouveau-parti-anticapitaliste-d-olivier-besancenot-est-lance/917/0/256540">the original</a> on 13 February 2012. 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The <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarecrow Press">Scarecrow Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810855601" title="Special:BookSources/9780810855601"><bdi>9780810855601</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Socialism&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=The+Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780810855601&rft.aulast=Doherty&rft.aufirst=James+C.&rft.au=Lamb%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Miliband, Ralph (1994). Socialism for a Sceptical Age. London, United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Polity_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Polity Press">Polity Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780745614274" title="Special:BookSources/9780745614274"><bdi>9780745614274</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Socialism+for+a+Sceptical+Age&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Polity+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780745614274&rft.aulast=Miliband&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Reisman, Reidsman, ed. (1996). Democratic Socialism in Britain: Classic Texts in Economic and Political Thought, 1825–1952. Chatto and Pickering. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781851962853" title="Special:BookSources/9781851962853"><bdi>9781851962853</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democratic+Socialism+in+Britain%3A+Classic+Texts+in+Economic+and+Political+Thought%2C+1825%E2%80%931952&rft.pub=Chatto+and+Pickering&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9781851962853&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">Day, Meagan (1 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/first-person/2018/8/1/17637028/bernie-sanders-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-cynthia-nixon-democratic-socialism-jacobin-dsa">"Democratic socialism, explained by a democratic socialist"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a>. Retrieved 28 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Democratic+socialism%2C+explained+by+a+democratic+socialist&rft.date=2018-08-01&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Meagan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Ffirst-person%2F2018%2F8%2F1%2F17637028%2Fbernie-sanders-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-cynthia-nixon-democratic-socialism-jacobin-dsa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDemocratic_Socialists_of_America" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialists_of_America" title="Democratic Socialists of America">Democratic Socialists of America</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dsausa.org/what_is_democratic_socialism">"What is Democratic Socialism?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialists_of_America" title="Democratic Socialists of America">Democratic Socialists of America</a>. Retrieved 28 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Democratic+Socialism%3F&rft.pub=Democratic+Socialists+of+America&rft.au=Democratic+Socialists+of+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsausa.org%2Fwhat_is_democratic_socialism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamat" class="citation web cs1">Kamat, Vikas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141008210047/http://www.kamat.com/database/content/democratic_socialism/">"Democratic Socialism in India"</a>. Kamat. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kamat.com/database/content/democratic_socialism/">the original</a> on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Democratic+Socialism+in+India&rft.pub=Kamat&rft.aulast=Kamat&rft.aufirst=Vikas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kamat.com%2Fdatabase%2Fcontent%2Fdemocratic_socialism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiebmanMiliband1985" class="citation journal cs1">Liebman, Marcel; Miliband, Ralph (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/miliband/1985/xx/beyondsd.htm">"Beyond Social Democracy"</a>. The Socialist Register (1986–1987): 476–489. Retrieved 28 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Socialist+Register&rft.atitle=Beyond+Social+Democracy&rft.issue=1986%E2%80%931987&rft.pages=476-489&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Liebman&rft.aufirst=Marcel&rft.au=Miliband%2C+Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Farchive%2Fmiliband%2F1985%2Fxx%2Fbeyondsd.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartzSchulman2012" class="citation web cs1">Schwartz, Joseph; Schulman, Jason (21 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dsausa.org/toward_freedom/">"Towards Freedom: The Theory and Practice of Democratic Socialism"</a>. Democratic Socialists of America. Retrieved 28 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Towards+Freedom%3A+The+Theory+and+Practice+of+Democratic+Socialism&rft.pub=Democratic+Socialists+of+America&rft.date=2012-12-21&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Schulman%2C+Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsausa.org%2Ftoward_freedom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+socialism" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_socialism&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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21st century">21st century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communist</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_socialism" title="Ethical socialism">Ethical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hal_Draper" title="Hal Draper">from below</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire#Socialism" title="Laissez-faire">Left-wing laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_market_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing market anarchism">Left-wing market</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">Insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magonism" title="Magonism">Magonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neozapatismo" title="Neozapatismo">Neozapatismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Syndicalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Marxism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Marxism">Libertarian Marxism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">Left communism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">Council communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg#Thought" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_spontaneity#Mao-Spontex" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary spontaneity">Mao-Spontex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Pablo" title="Michel Pablo">Pabloism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_International_Posadist" title="Fourth International Posadist">Posadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Trotskyism" title="Orthodox Trotskyism">Orthodox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_camp" title="Third camp">Third camp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">Authoritarian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism#Socialism_from_above" title="Authoritarian socialism">from above</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barracks_communism" title="Barracks communism">Barracks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Nechayev" title="Sergey Nechayev">Nechayevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanquism" title="Blanquism">Blanquism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshevism" title="Bolshevism">Bolshevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leninism" title="Leninism">Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fidel_Castro" title="Politics of Fidel Castro">Castroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu#Ceaușescu's_policies" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Ceaușism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guevarism" title="Guevarism">Guevarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxhaism" title="Hoxhaism">Hoxhaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husakism" title="Husakism">Husakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulash_Communism" title="Goulash Communism">Kadarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khrushchevism" class="mw-redirect" title="Khrushchevism">Khrushchevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping_Theory" title="Deng Xiaoping Theory">Dengism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism_(Third_Worldism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maoism (Third Worldism)">Maoism–Third Worldism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism%E2%80%93Maoism" title="Marxism–Leninism–Maoism">Marxism–Leninism–Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Thought" title="Gonzalo Thought">Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism%E2%80%93Maoism%E2%80%93Prachanda_Path" title="Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path">Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Stalinism" title="Neo-Stalinism">Neo-Stalinism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Tkachev" title="Pyotr Tkachev">Tkachevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lassallism" title="Lassallism">Lassallism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_socialism" title="Religious socialism">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_communism" title="Christian communism">communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_socialism" title="African socialism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Caribbean_leftism" title="Afro-Caribbean leftism">African-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarianism" title="Bolivarianism">Bolivarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Principles_of_the_People" title="Three Principles of the People">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_ideology_of_the_Kuomintang" title="Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang">Nationalist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiangism" title="Chiangism">Chiangist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">European</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurocommunism" title="Eurocommunism">Eurocommunism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhian_socialism" title="Gandhian socialism">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marhaenism" title="Marhaenism">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_socialism" title="Melanesian socialism">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neozapatismo" title="Neozapatismo">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_one_country" title="Socialism in one country">In one country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_socialism" title="Real socialism">Real</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Socialism in Sri Lanka">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World_socialism" title="Third World socialism">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Yugoslav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key topics and issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist economics">Anarchist economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-revisionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-revisionism">Anti-revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_socialism" title="Criticism of socialism">Criticism of socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship_of_the_proletariat" title="Dictatorship of the proletariat">Dictatorship of the proletariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_equal_liberty#Equal_liberty" title="Law of equal liberty">Equal liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Equality of opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_of_outcome" title="Equality of outcome">Equality of outcome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_anarchism" title="History of anarchism">History of anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_communism" title="History of communism">History of communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">History of socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_social_democracy" title="History of social democracy">History of social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impossibilism" title="Impossibilism">Impossibilism</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">State-owned enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">Land reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">Mixed economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mode_of_production" title="Mode of production">Mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanosocialism" title="Nanosocialism">Nanosocialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy" title="Planned economy">Planned economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-capitalism" title="Post-capitalism">Post-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_revolution" title="Proletarian revolution">Proletarian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionism_(Marxism)" title="Revisionism (Marxism)">Revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Socialisation of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">Socialist economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_market_economy" title="Socialist market economy">Socialist market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">Socialist state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">Trade union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhocracy" title="Adhocracy">Adhocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist economics">Anarchist economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income" title="Universal basic income">Basic income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calculation_in_kind" title="Calculation in kind">Calculation in kind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_planning" title="Economic planning">Economic planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Equal opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association of producers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor-time_calculation" title="Labor-time calculation">Labor-time calculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Organizational self-management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_for_use" title="Production for use">Production for use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">Public ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_dividend" title="Social dividend">Social dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_mode_of_production" title="Socialist mode of production">Socialist mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialists" title="Category:Socialists">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th <abbr title="century">c.</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Tommaso Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th <abbr title="century">c.</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">Gracchus Babeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_d%27Hupay" title="Victor d'Hupay">Victor d'Hupay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Bonnot_de_Mably" title="Gabriel Bonnot de Mably">Gabriel Bonnot de Mably</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Sylvain Maréchal">Sylvain Maréchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Gabriel_Morelly" title="Étienne-Gabriel Morelly">Étienne-Gabriel Morelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th <abbr title="century">c.</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pearl_Andrews" title="Stephen Pearl Andrews">Stephen Pearl Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Mikhail Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Goodwyn_Barmby" title="John Goodwyn Barmby">John Goodwyn Barmby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Barone" title="Enrico Barone">Enrico Barone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">August Bebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bellamy" title="Edward Bellamy">Edward Bellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Eduard Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Blanc" title="Louis Blanc">Louis Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Blanqui" title="Louis Auguste Blanqui">Louis Auguste Blanqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Buchez" title="Philippe Buchez">Philippe Buchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_B%C3%BCchner" title="Georg Büchner">Georg Büchner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Buonarroti" title="Philippe Buonarroti">Philippe Buonarroti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Largo_Caballero" title="Francisco Largo Caballero">Francisco Largo Caballero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cabet" title="Étienne Cabet">Étienne Cabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Edward Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Chernyshevsky" title="Nikolay Chernyshevsky">Nikolay Chernyshevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">James Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Prosper_Considerant" title="Victor Prosper Considerant">Victor Prosper Considerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_D%C3%A9mar" title="Claire Démar">Claire Démar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_D%C3%A9zamy" title="Théodore Dézamy">Théodore Dézamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy-Prosper_Enfantin" title="Barthélemy-Prosper Enfantin">Prosper Enfantin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Charles Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Emma Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Batchelder_Greene" title="William Batchelder Greene">William Batchelder Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hall_(economist)" title="Charles Hall (economist)">Charles Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Herzen" title="Alexander Herzen">Alexander Herzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hodgskin" title="Thomas Hodgskin">Thomas Hodgskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Jaur%C3%A8s" title="Jean Jaurès">Jean Jaurès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Mother Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Karl Kautsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Peter Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lafargue" title="Paul Lafargue">Paul Lafargue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lassalle" title="Ferdinand Lassalle">Ferdinand Lassalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Lavrov" title="Pyotr Lavrov">Pyotr Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Auguste_Ledru-Rollin" title="Alexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollin">Alexandre Ledru-Rollin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Leroux" title="Pierre Leroux">Pierre Leroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Macfarlane" title="Helen Macfarlane">Helen Macfarlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Errico Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Louise Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Mikhaylovsky" title="Nikolay Mikhaylovsky">Nikolay Mikhaylovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Robert Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Pannekoek">Antonie Pannekoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pascoli" title="Giovanni Pascoli">Giovanni Pascoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Pecqueur" title="Constantin Pecqueur">Constantin Pecqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Plekhanov" title="Georgi Plekhanov">Georgi Plekhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Pierre-Joseph Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Emilio_Recabarren" title="Luis Emilio Recabarren">Luis Emilio Recabarren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Henri de Saint-Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Saltykov-Shchedrin" title="Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin">Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sand" title="George Sand">George Sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Schulz" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz">Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Sue" title="Eugène Sue">Eugène Sue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Lysander Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_M._Taylor" title="Fred M. Taylor">Fred M. Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thompson_(philosopher)" title="William Thompson (philosopher)">William Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Tkachev" title="Pyotr Tkachev">Pyotr Tkachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Benjamin Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Voilquin" title="Suzanne Voilquin">Suzanne Voilquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Josiah Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Weitling" title="Wilhelm Weitling">Wilhelm Weitling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th <abbr title="century">c.</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Tariq Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Salvador Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inejir%C5%8D_Asanuma" title="Inejirō Asanuma">Inejirō Asanuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aung_San" title="Aung San">Aung San</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Barbusse" title="Henri Barbusse">Henri Barbusse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyoti_Basu" title="Jyoti Basu">Jyoti Basu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Walter Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Benn" title="Tony Benn">Tony Benn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Léon Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Lee_Boggs" title="Grace Lee Boggs">Grace Lee Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Murray Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bukharin" title="Nikolai Bukharin">Nikolai Bukharin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Cornelius Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Roy" title="M. N. Roy">M. N. Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. D. H. Cole">G. D. H. Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Marcel Déat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">John Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Alexander Dubček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiz_Ahmad_Faiz" title="Faiz Ahmad Faiz">Faiz Ahmad Faiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einar_Gerhardsen" title="Einar Gerhardsen">Einar Gerhardsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Maxim Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Antonio Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safdar_Hashmi" title="Safdar Hashmi">Safdar Hashmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Hobsbawm" title="Eric Hobsbawm">Eric Hobsbawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Ib%C3%A1rruri" title="Dolores Ibárruri">Dolores Ibárruri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Iglesias_Posse" title="Pablo Iglesias Posse">Pablo Iglesias Posse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayaprakash_Narayan" title="Jayaprakash Narayan">Jayaprakash Narayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Jacoby" title="Russell Jacoby">Russell Jacoby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-il" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Jong-il">Kim Jong-il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Kollontai" title="Alexandra Kollontai">Alexandra Kollontai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Larkin" title="James Larkin">James Larkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._M._S._Namboodiripad" title="E. M. S. Namboodiripad">E. M. S. Namboodiripad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Lefebvre" title="Henri Lefebvre">Henri Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Lefort" title="Claude Lefort">Claude Lefort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">György Lukács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Rosa Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Xun" title="Lu Xun">Lu Xun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">Alasdair MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Nestor Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Carlos_Mari%C3%A1tegui" title="José Carlos Mariátegui">José Carlos Mariátegui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Marquet" title="Adrien Marquet">Adrien Marquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Dun" title="Mao Dun">Mao Dun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salama_Moussa" title="Salama Moussa">Salama Moussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imre_Nagy" title="Imre Nagy">Imre Nagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Niekisch" title="Ernst Niekisch">Ernst Niekisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ne_Win" title="Ne Win">Ne Win</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Sylvia Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Paterson" title="Fred Paterson">Fred Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Karl Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Renaudel" title="Pierre Renaudel">Pierre Renaudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._T._Ranadive" title="B. T. Ranadive">B. T. Ranadive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Salvemini" title="Gaetano Salvemini">Gaetano Salvemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Scargill" title="Arthur Scargill">Arthur Scargill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_S%C3%A9dar_Senghor" title="Léopold Sédar Senghor">Léopold Sédar Senghor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._H._Tawney" title="R. H. Tawney">R. H. Tawney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._P._Thompson" title="E. P. Thompson">E. P. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Toller" title="Ernst Toller">Ernst Toller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Manohar_Lohia" title="Ram Manohar Lohia">Ram Manohar Lohia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">Cornel West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Zetkin" title="Clara Zetkin">Clara Zetkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Howard Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Posadas" title="J. Posadas">J. Posadas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st <abbr title="century">c.</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Castillo" title="Pedro Castillo">Pedro Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Crow" title="Bob Crow">Bob Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lula_da_Silva" class="mw-redirect" title="Lula da Silva">Lula da Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales" title="Evo Morales">Evo Morales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanis_Varoufakis" title="Yanis Varoufakis">Yanis Varoufakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaush" title="Vaush">Vaush</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_organizations" title="Category:Socialist organizations">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:International_socialist_organizations" title="Category:International socialist organizations">International socialist organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_parties" title="Category:Socialist parties">Socialist parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_calculation_problem" title="Economic calculation problem">Economic calculation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_philosophy" title="Marxist philosophy">Marxist philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Left" title="Old Left">Old Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialism_by_state" title="Template:Socialism by state">Socialism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_calculation_debate" title="Socialist calculation debate">Socialist calculation debate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">Categories</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Socialism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Socialism">Socialism WikiProject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/16px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/24px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/32px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/16px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/24px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/32px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Communism" title="Portal:Communism">Communism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Syndicalism.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/16px-Syndicalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/24px-Syndicalism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/32px-Syndicalism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="530" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Organized_Labour" title="Portal:Organized Labour">Organized Labour portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Social_democracy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Social_democracy" title="Template:Social democracy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Social_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Social democracy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Social_democracy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Social democracy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Social_democracy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_social_democracy" title="History of social democracy">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Declaration" title="Frankfurt Declaration">Frankfurt Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godesberg_Program" title="Godesberg Program">Godesberg Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalist%E2%80%93defencist_schism" title="Internationalist–defencist schism">Internationalist–defencist schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labor movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Marxism" title="Orthodox Marxism">Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionism_(Marxism)" title="Revisionism (Marxism)">Revisionist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">Nordic model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy#Second_International_era_and_reform_or_revolution_dispute_(1889–1914)" title="Social democracy">Reformist–revolutionary dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_capitalism" title="Welfare capitalism">Welfare capitalism</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding: 0.5em;"><div><a href="/wiki/Rose_(symbolism)#Socialism_and_social_democracy" title="Rose (symbolism)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Red_rose_02.svg/75px-Red_rose_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Red_rose_02.svg/113px-Red_rose_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Red_rose_02.svg/150px-Red_rose_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="611" data-file-height="579" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">Representative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Marxism" title="Democracy in Marxism">Marxist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">Environmental protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_trade" title="Fair trade">Fair trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gradualism" title="Gradualism">Gradualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)#Socialism" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">Land reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">Labor rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">Mixed economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_and_positive_rights" title="Negative and positive rights">Negative and positive rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformist_Left" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformist Left">Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_corporatism" title="Social corporatism">Social corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_market_economy" title="Social market economy">Social market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">Socialist state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">Socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">Trade union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartisme" title="Tripartisme">Tripartisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Democratic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_socialism" title="Ethical socialism">Ethical socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein#Opinions" title="Eduard Bernstein">Evolutionary socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_of_the_21st_century" title="Socialism of the 21st century">Socialism of the 21st century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_democrats" title="List of social democrats">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obafemi_Awolowo" title="Obafemi Awolowo">Awolowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Batlle_y_Ord%C3%B3%C3%B1ez" title="José Batlle y Ordóñez">Batlle y Ordóñez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">Bebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">Ben-Gurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt" title="Rómulo Betancourt">Betancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Blanc" title="Louis Blanc">Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Brandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Branting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1zaro_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Lázaro Cárdenas">Cárdenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Craxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Crosland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Curtin" title="John Curtin">Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Daszy%C5%84ski" title="Ignacy Daszyński">Daszyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ebert" title="Friedrich Ebert">Ebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Goulart" title="João Goulart">Goulart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hilferding" title="Rudolf Hilferding">Hilferding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Jaur%C3%A8s" title="Jean Jaurès">Jaurès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsun_Chang" title="Carsun Chang">Junmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetsu_Katayama" title="Tetsu Katayama">Katayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Kautsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky" title="Alexander Kerensky">Kerensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_K%C3%A9thly" title="Anna Kéthly">Kéthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kirk" title="Norman Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Lagos" title="Ricardo Lagos">Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lassalle" title="Ferdinand Lassalle">Lassalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Layton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_L%C3%A9vesque" title="René Lévesque">Lévesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Liebknecht" title="Wilhelm Liebknecht">Liebknecht (father)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Liebknecht" title="Karl Liebknecht">Liebknecht (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales" title="Evo Morales">Morales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alva_Myrdal" title="Alva Myrdal">Myrdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olof_Palme" title="Olof Palme">Palme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Plekhanov" title="Georgi Plekhanov">Plekhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Prodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorvald_Stauning" title="Thorvald Stauning">Stauning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joop_den_Uyl" title="Joop den Uyl">Den Uyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Webb,_1st_Baron_Passfield" title="Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield">Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gough_Whitlam" title="Gough Whitlam">Whitlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._S._Woodsworth" title="J. S. Woodsworth">Woodsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noe_Zhordania" title="Noe Zhordania">Zhordania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_democratic_parties" title="List of social democratic parties">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Union_Confederation" title="International Trade Union Confederation">International Trade Union Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Socialist_Youth" title="International Union of Socialist Youth">International Union of Socialist Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">Progressive Alliance</a></li> <li><a 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democracy">Social democracy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">Socialism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Types_of_socialism" title="Category:Types of socialism">Types of socialism</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">CS1 maint: date and year</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a 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Template:Sfn"," 7.42% 206.676 47 Template:Cite_journal"," 6.82% 189.831 4 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 6.29% 175.323 40 Template:Cite_news"," 4.97% 138.568 1 Template:Socialism_sidebar"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.043","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9978523,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n [\"text\"] = \"Organized Labour portal\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbjorensen2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAdams1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAdams1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAgence_France-Presse2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAgustín2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlistairPyper2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllen2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAltChambersGarrettKurian2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmadeo2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndersonHerr2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAngel2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArora2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAzcárate1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBBC2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBailey2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarbieri2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBardhanRoemer1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarker2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarrett1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarrientosPowell2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarro2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBatson2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenedettoHixMastrorocco2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBennMullin1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerberoglu2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerman1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBermanSnegovaya2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBernstein1907\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBestKahnNocellaMcLaren2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBevan1952\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBilgrami1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlanc2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlombäckDemkerHageviHinnfors2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoggsPlotke1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBookchin1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorraganCini2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBracke2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrandalBratbergThorsen2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBraudel1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBresser-Pereira2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuck2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBusky2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCahillCooperKoningsPrimrose2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalossi2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCammack2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarson2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarson2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarson2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCasierJongerden2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCassidy2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaulcutt2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChartier2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChartier2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChartierJohnson2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChartier_2009_(Socialist_Ends,_Market_Means)\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChartier_2010_(Speech)\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChomsky1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristensen1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClarke1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCobham1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCockshottCottrell1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohen2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCole1961\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCole2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConsidère-Charondu2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooper2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorfe2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCraig2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrosland2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_VogliOwusu2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDearloveSaunders2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDebbaut2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDebs1912\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDella_PortaFernándezKoukiMosca2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDemocratic_Socialists_of_America\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDemocratic_Socialists_of_America_(About)\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDemocratic_Socialists_of_America_(FAQ)\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDenitch1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDevlin1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDi_Donato2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDionneGaltson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDongyoun2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDraper1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDraper1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuignanKalsang_BhutiaMahajan2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuignanKalsang_BhutiaMahajan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDöring2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEatwellWright1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdelstein1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEgleHenkesMerkelPetring2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllman2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEly1883\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEngelsMarx1848\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEsteva2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarber1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzpatrick2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoley1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFuchs2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGage2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGambleWright1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGausKukathas2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGetzler2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilk2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillis2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGodsonHaseler1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldenbergWekerle1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGregoryStuart2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGriffithsMillei2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuinan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHain1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHain2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHain2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamilton1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHancox2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrington2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarvey2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHattersley1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeilbroner1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeywood2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHickelSullivan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHinchmanMeyer2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHinnfors2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHodgson1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHonneth1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorwitz1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoward2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHowardKing2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHudisPrewRottaSmith2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuges2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHumphrys2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInternationalist_Marxist_Tendency\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsakhan2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohari1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnstonSaad-Filho2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJossa2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKalsang_BhutiaVeenu2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKamat\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarnitschnig2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatseliMiliosPelagidis2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKendall2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKerr1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKharkevich1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKindersley2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKotz2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrause-Jackson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKristof2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKumar1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuskowski2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKvitrud2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKwokRieger2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaclauMouffe1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLafontaine2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLamb2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLange1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaqueur1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLawson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeBlanc2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLegaultTremblay-Pepin2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevitz,_April_2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewisSurender2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLi2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiebmanMiliband1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLih2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLih2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLink1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLipow1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLong2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLong2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLowe2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLudlam2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLudlamSmith2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuxemburg1900\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMabry1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMagstadt2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalycha2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManley_2014_(Part_One)\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManley_2014_(Part_Two)\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarch2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarch2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarx1875\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMathers2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcNally1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMedearis1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMedina2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMegill1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeyerRutherford2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorley1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuldoon2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurray2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMöller2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNordsieck2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNordsieck2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Reilly2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrwell1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPage2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalley2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalley2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalley2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPanfilov1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatsouras2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerkins2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPestritto2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPicard1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPierson1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPierson2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPopper1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPost2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoulantzas1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrychitko2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQiu2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamnath2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRanadive1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRatner2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaza2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRodriguez2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoemer1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomano2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomano2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanandaji2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSargent2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSarkar2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchulman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchumpeter1942\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwartzSchulman2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchweickart2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchweickart2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSciabarra2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSears2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinclair1918\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSitaraman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSloan1937\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSocialist_Alternative2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSocialist_Party_USA\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSocialist_Party_of_Great_Britain1958\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSocialist_Party_of_Great_Britain_(FAQ)\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSocialist_Party_of_Great_Britain_(Our_Object_and_Declaration_of_Principles)\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSocialist_Party_of_Great_Britain_(What_is_Socialism?)\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpangler2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpieker1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaab2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStarke2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteele1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteger1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStossel2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSunkara2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaaffe2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTangian2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTarnoff2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas1936\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas1953\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTicktin1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimmermann1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTismaneanu2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTomlinson1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrechsel2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrotsky1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTsakalotos2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTucker1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTupy2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVictorian_Socialists2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVidal2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVolle2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWainwright1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalters2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaxman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWear2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWebbWebb1935\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeber1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeisskopf1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWelch2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhyman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWiles2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilhelm1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolff2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodsTrotskyEngelsLenin2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYunker1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZwolinski2013\"] = 1,\n [\"Criticism\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 4,\n [\"Britannica\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 162,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 47,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 40,\n [\"Cite speech\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 46,\n [\"Colend\"] = 1,\n [\"Cols\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Democratic socialism\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Disputed inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 10,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 2,\n [\"Libertarian socialism sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"Library resources box\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Progressivism sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 8,\n [\"Refend\"] = 8,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Refn\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 114,\n [\"Sfnm\"] = 116,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Social democracy\"] = 1,\n [\"Social democracy sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"Socialism\"] = 1,\n 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