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<li id="toc-Formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Reforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gwangmu_Reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gwangmu_Reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Gwangmu Reform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gwangmu_Reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rise_of_civil_rights_and_the_Independence_Club" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise_of_civil_rights_and_the_Independence_Club"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Rise of civil rights and the Independence Club</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rise_of_civil_rights_and_the_Independence_Club-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1898–1904" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1898–1904"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1898–1904</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1898–1904-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Foreign affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taft-Katsura_Agreement_and_the_Russo-Japanese_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taft-Katsura_Agreement_and_the_Russo-Japanese_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Taft-Katsura Agreement and the Russo-Japanese War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taft-Katsura_Agreement_and_the_Russo-Japanese_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eulsa_Treaty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eulsa_Treaty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Eulsa Treaty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eulsa_Treaty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korean_resistance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korean_resistance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Korean resistance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korean_resistance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_protectorate_and_annexation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_protectorate_and_annexation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Japanese protectorate and annexation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_protectorate_and_annexation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Military-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Military subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dissolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dissolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Dissolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dissolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diplomatic_relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diplomatic_relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Diplomatic relationships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diplomatic_relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Korean Empire</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaanse_Keiserryk" title="Koreaanse Keiserryk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koreaanse Keiserryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="إمبراطورية كوريا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إمبراطورية كوريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiu_de_Corea" title="Imperiu de Corea – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Imperiu de Corea" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreya_imperiyas%C4%B1" title="Koreya imperiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Koreya imperiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88" title="کوره ایمپراتورلوغو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوره ایمپراتورلوغو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81i-h%C3%A2n_T%C3%A8-kok" title="Tāi-hân Tè-kok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tāi-hân Tè-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Корейска империя – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Корейска империя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperi_core%C3%A0" title="Imperi coreà – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Imperi coreà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejsk%C3%A9_c%C3%ADsa%C5%99stv%C3%AD" title="Korejské císařství – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Korejské císařství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kejserriget_Korea" title="Kejserriget Korea – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kejserriget Korea" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiserreich_Korea" title="Kaiserreich Korea – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaiserreich Korea" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Keisririik" title="Korea Keisririik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Korea Keisririik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Κορεατική Αυτοκρατορία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κορεατική Αυτοκρατορία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_de_Corea" title="Imperio de Corea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Imperio de Corea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreako_Inperioa" title="Koreako Inperioa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Koreako Inperioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%87" title="امپراتوری کره – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امپراتوری کره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_cor%C3%A9en" title="Empire coréen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Empire coréen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="대한제국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대한제국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekaisaran_Korea" title="Kekaisaran Korea – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kekaisaran Korea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_coreano" title="Impero coreano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Impero coreano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="האימפריה הקוריאנית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האימפריה הקוריאנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კორეის იმპერია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კორეის იმპერია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Корей империясы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Корей империясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_Coreanum" title="Imperium Coreanum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Imperium Coreanum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejas_imp%C4%93rija" title="Korejas impērija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Korejas impērija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreai_Cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1rs%C3%A1g" title="Koreai Császárság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Koreai Császárság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Корејско Царство – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Корејско Царство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="कोरियन साम्राज्य – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कोरियन साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="امبراطوريه كوريا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امبراطوريه كوريا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empayar_Korea" title="Empayar Korea – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Empayar Korea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A2i-h%C3%A0ng_D%C3%A1%CC%A4-gu%C3%B3k" title="Dâi-hàng Dá̤-guók – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dâi-hàng Dá̤-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Солонгосын эзэнт улс – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Солонгосын эзэнт улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A7%E1%80%80%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%87%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA" title="ကိုရီးယားဧကရာဇ်နိုင်ငံတော် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကိုရီးယားဧကရာဇ်နိုင်ငံတော်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keizerrijk_Korea" title="Keizerrijk Korea – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Keizerrijk Korea" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大韓帝国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大韓帝国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiserd%C3%B8mmet_Korea" title="Keiserdømmet Korea – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Keiserdømmet Korea" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81" title="ចក្រភពកូរ៉េ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ចក្រភពកូរ៉េ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesarstwo_Korea%C5%84skie" title="Cesarstwo Koreańskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cesarstwo Koreańskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Coreano" title="Império Coreano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Império Coreano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiul_Coreean" title="Imperiul Coreean – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Imperiul Coreean" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Корейска ріша – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Корейска ріша" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Корейская империя – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Корейская империя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA" title="කොරියානු අධිරාජ්‍යය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කොරියානු අධිරාජ්‍යය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Korean Empire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی کۆریا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی کۆریا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Корејско царство – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Корејско царство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejsko_Carstvo" title="Korejsko Carstvo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Korejsko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_keisarikunta" title="Korean keisarikunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Korean keisarikunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kejsard%C3%B6met_Korea" title="Kejsardömet Korea – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kejsardömet Korea" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperyo_ng_Korea" title="Imperyo ng Korea – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Imperyo ng Korea" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="จักรวรรดิเกาหลี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรวรรดิเกาหลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kore_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Kore İmparatorluğu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kore İmparatorluğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Корейська імперія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Корейська імперія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="کوریائی سلطنت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کوریائی سلطنت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%BF_qu%E1%BB%91c_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_H%C3%A0n" title="Đế quốc Đại Hàn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đế quốc Đại Hàn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="大韓帝國 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="大韓帝國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="大韓帝國 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="大韓帝國" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="大韓帝國 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大韓帝國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="大韓帝國 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大韓帝國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28233#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Korean_Empire&params=37_32_N_126_59_E_type:country"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°32′N</span> <span class="longitude">126°59′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.533°N 126.983°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.533; 126.983</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Monarchy in East Asia (1897–1910)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Empire of Korea</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko" style="font-style: normal;">대한제국</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>)</span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">大韓帝國</span></span><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>)<br /><span style="font-size:90%;"><span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Daehan Jeguk</i></span><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>)</span><br /><span style="font-size:90%;"><span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Taehan Cheguk</i></span><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">MR</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1897–1910</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Korea_(1899).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Korean Empire"><img alt="Flag of Korean Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="567" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_flags#National" title="List of Korean flags">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_the_Korean_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imperial Seal of Korean Empire"><img alt="Imperial Seal of Korean Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Imperial_Seal_of_the_Korean_Empire.svg/85px-Imperial_Seal_of_the_Korean_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Imperial_Seal_of_the_Korean_Empire.svg/128px-Imperial_Seal_of_the_Korean_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Imperial_Seal_of_the_Korean_Empire.svg/170px-Imperial_Seal_of_the_Korean_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Seal_of_Korea" title="Imperial Seal of Korea"> Imperial Seal</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">광명천지</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">光明天地</span></span><div>"Illuminate Heaven and Earth"</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">대한제국 애국가</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">大韓帝國愛國歌</span></span><br />"<a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_the_Korean_Empire" title="National anthem of the Korean Empire">Patriotic Hymn of the Great Korean Empire</a>" (1902–1910)<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="112" data-mwtitle="대한제국_애국가.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EC%95%A0%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EC%95%A0%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80.ogg/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EC%95%A0%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EC%95%A0%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EC%95%A0%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Seal_(East_Asia)#Government_authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal (East Asia)">National seal</a>:</b><br />大韓國璽<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Korean_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Seal_of_the_Korean_Empire.svg/85px-Seal_of_the_Korean_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Seal_of_the_Korean_Empire.svg/128px-Seal_of_the_Korean_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Seal_of_the_Korean_Empire.svg/170px-Seal_of_the_Korean_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><hr /><b>Emblem:</b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_emblem_of_Korean_empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Imperial_emblem_of_Korean_empire.svg/85px-Imperial_emblem_of_Korean_empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Imperial_emblem_of_Korean_empire.svg/128px-Imperial_emblem_of_Korean_empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Imperial_emblem_of_Korean_empire.svg/170px-Imperial_emblem_of_Korean_empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Greater_Korean_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Territory of the Korean Empire 1903–1905. The disputed Gando and Samjiyon regions are shaded in lighter green."><img alt="Territory of the Korean Empire 1903–1905. The disputed Gando and Samjiyon regions are shaded in lighter green." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Map_of_the_Greater_Korean_Empire.svg/250px-Map_of_the_Greater_Korean_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Map_of_the_Greater_Korean_Empire.svg/375px-Map_of_the_Greater_Korean_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Map_of_the_Greater_Korean_Empire.svg/500px-Map_of_the_Greater_Korean_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Territory of the Korean Empire 1903–1905. The disputed <a href="/wiki/Jiandao" title="Jiandao">Gando</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samjiyon" title="Samjiyon">Samjiyon</a> regions are shaded in lighter green.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a> (1897–1905)<br /><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1905" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905">Protectorate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> (1905–1910)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hanseong" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanseong">Hanseong</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Confucianism" title="Korean Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Buddhism" title="Korean Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_shamanism" title="Korean shamanism">Shamanism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taoism_in_Korea" title="Taoism in Korea">Taoism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Korea" title="Christianity in Korea">Christianity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cheondoism" title="Cheondoism">Cheondoism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(recognized in 1907)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Korean_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean people">Korean</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a> <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Korea#Korean_Empire" title="List of monarchs of Korea">Emperor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1897–1907 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gojong_of_Korea" title="Gojong of Korea">Gojong</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1907–1910 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunjong_of_Korea" title="Sunjong of Korea">Sunjong</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Resident-General_of_Korea" title="Japanese Resident-General of Korea">Resident-General</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1905–1909 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/It%C5%8D_Hirobumi" title="Itō Hirobumi">Itō Hirobumi</a> (first)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1909–1910 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Terauchi_Masatake" title="Terauchi Masatake">Terauchi Masatake</a> (last)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Korean_Empire" title="Prime Minister of the Korean Empire">Prime Minister</a><sup id="cite_ref-PrimeMinister_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PrimeMinister-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1894–1895 (first) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Hong-jip" title="Kim Hong-jip">Kim Hong-jip</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1907–1910 (last) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ye_Wanyong" class="mw-redirect" title="Ye Wanyong">Yi Wan-yong</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jungchuwon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jungchuwon (page does not exist)">Jungchuwon</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EC%A4%91%EC%B6%94%EC%9B%90" class="extiw" title="ko:대한제국 중추원">ko</a>]</span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(until 1907)</span><br />None (<a href="/wiki/Rule_by_decree" title="Rule by decree">rule by decree</a>) <span style="font-size:85%;">(from 1907)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Imperialism" title="New Imperialism">New Imperialism</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Empire proclaimed </div></th><td class="infobox-data">13 October 1897</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_Korean_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitution of the Korean Empire (page does not exist)">Constitution adopted</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C" class="extiw" title="ko:대한국 국제">ko</a>]</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">17 August 1899</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Eulsa_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Eulsa Treaty">Eulsa Treaty</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">17 November 1905</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Hague_Secret_Emissary_Affair" title="Hague Secret Emissary Affair">Hague Secret Emissary Affair</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">July 1907</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1910" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910">Annexed by Japan</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">29 August 1910</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1900<sup id="cite_ref-조선왕조시대_인구추정에_관한_일시론_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-조선왕조시대_인구추정에_관한_일시론-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">17,082,000</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Korean_yang" title="Korean yang">Yang</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1897–1900)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire_won" title="Korean Empire won">Won</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1900–1910)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Korea_%281882%E2%80%931910%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Korea_%281882%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Korea_%281882%E2%80%931910%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Korea_%281882%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Korea_%281882%E2%80%931910%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Korea_%281882%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Chōsen</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="width: 22em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Korean Empire</td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">대한제국</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">大韓帝國</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Daehan Jeguk</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="McCune–Reischauer transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Taehan Cheguk</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ko-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">[tɛ.ɦan.dʑe.ɡuk̚]</a></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;">Alternative <a href="/wiki/North_Korean_standard_language" title="North Korean standard language">North Korean name</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">조선 신황조</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">朝鮮新皇朝</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Joseon Sinhwangjo</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="McCune–Reischauer transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Chosŏn Shinhwangjo</i></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Korea" title="Category:History of Korea">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Korea" title="History of Korea">History of <span class="fn org label">Korea</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%B0%A9%EC%97%AD%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%84.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Korea from 1557"><img alt="Map of Korea from 1557" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%B0%A9%EC%97%AD%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%84.jpg/150px-%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%B0%A9%EC%97%AD%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%84.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%B0%A9%EC%97%AD%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%84.jpg/225px-%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%B0%A9%EC%97%AD%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%84.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%B0%A9%EC%97%AD%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%84.jpg/300px-%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%B0%A9%EC%97%AD%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%84.jpg 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Korea" title="Prehistoric Korea">Prehistoric period</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Palaeolithic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeolithic period">Palaeolithic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 700,000 BC-8000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic period">Neolithic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 8000 BC–1500 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">* <a href="/wiki/Jeulmun_pottery_period" title="Jeulmun pottery period">Jeulmun</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1500 BC–300 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">* <a href="/wiki/Mumun_pottery_period" title="Mumun pottery period">Mumun</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">* <i><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_bronze_dagger_culture" title="Liaoning bronze dagger culture">Liaoning dagger</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Ancient period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Gojoseon" title="Gojoseon">Gojoseon</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <abbr title="mythological">2333 BC</abbr>–108 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">* <a href="/wiki/Dangun_Joseon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dangun Joseon"><span style="font-size:85%;">Dangun</span></a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">* <a href="/wiki/Gija_Joseon" title="Gija Joseon"><span style="font-size:85%;">Gija</span></a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">* <a href="/wiki/Wiman_Joseon" title="Wiman Joseon"><span style="font-size:85%;">Wiman</span></a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jin_(Korean_state)" title="Jin (Korean state)">Jin</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 4th–2nd century BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Yemaek" title="Yemaek">Yemaek</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Proto%E2%80%93Three_Kingdoms_period" title="Proto–Three Kingdoms period">Proto–Three Kingdoms period</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Takri_Kingdom" title="Takri Kingdom">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ye" title="Eastern Ye">Dongye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyeo" title="Buyeo">Buyeo</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Buyeo" title="Eastern Buyeo">Eastern</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Galsa_Buyeo" title="Galsa Buyeo">Galsa</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okjeo" title="Okjeo">Okjeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samhan" title="Samhan">Samhan</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mahan_confederacy" title="Mahan confederacy">Ma</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Byeonhan_confederacy" title="Byeonhan confederacy">Byeon</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Jinhan_confederacy" title="Jinhan confederacy">Jin</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamna" title="Tamna">Tamna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangnang_Kingdom" title="Nangnang Kingdom">Nakrang</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Commanderies_of_Han" title="Four Commanderies of Han">Four Commanderies of Han</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Three Kingdoms period</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 37 BC–668 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 18 BC–660 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 57 BC–935 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Gaya_confederacy" title="Gaya confederacy">Gaya confederacy</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 42–562</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Tamna" title="Tamna">Tamna</a> (Tributary of Baekje)</i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 498–660</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Usan" title="Usan">Usan</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 512–930</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_States_period" title="Northern and Southern States period">Northern and Southern period</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/United_Silla" class="mw-redirect" title="United Silla">United Silla</a> (Unified Silla)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 668–892</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Balhae" title="Balhae">Balhae</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 698–926</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Goguryeo" title="Little Goguryeo">Little Goguryeo</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 699–820</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Tamna" title="Tamna">Tamna</a> (Tributary of Silla)</i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 662–925</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Later_Three_Kingdoms" title="Later Three Kingdoms">Later Three Kingdoms period</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Later_Baekje" title="Later Baekje">Later Baekje</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 892–936</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taebong" title="Taebong">Taebong</a> (Later Goguryeo)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 901–918</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/United_Silla" class="mw-redirect" title="United Silla">Unified Silla</a> (Later Silla)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 892–935</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Later_Sabeol" title="Later Sabeol">Later Sabeol</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 919–927</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Dongdan_Kingdom" title="Dongdan Kingdom">Dongdan Kingdom</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 926–936</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Later_Balhae" title="Later Balhae">Later Balhae</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 927–935</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Jeongan" title="Jeongan">Jeongan</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 938–986</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Dynastic period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 918–1392</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Tamna" title="Tamna">Tamna</a> (Vassal of Goryeo)</i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 938–1105</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Xingliao" title="Xingliao">Heungyo</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1029–1030</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1392–1897</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Korean Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1897–1910</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Colonial period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Japanese occupation</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1910–1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea">Provisional Government</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1919–1948</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Modern period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Korea" title="People's Republic of Korea">People's Republic of Korea</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea#Post-World_War_II" title="Division of Korea">Military governments</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1945–1948</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">North-South division</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1945–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">* <a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Korea" title="History of North Korea">North</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1948–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">* <a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Korea" title="History of South Korea">South</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1948–present</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">By topic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Korean_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Korean architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_art#History" title="Korean art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Korean_cuisine" title="History of Korean cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_currency" title="Korean currency">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Korea" title="History of education in Korea">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Korea" title="Geography of Korea">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Korea" title="Historiography of Korea">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Korean" title="History of Korean">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Korea" title="Military history of Korea">Military</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wars involving Korea">List</a></span> · <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Goguryeo" title="Military history of Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Korea" title="List of monarchs of Korea">Monarchs</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Korean_monarchs" title="Family tree of Korean monarchs">Family tree</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Korea" title="Names of Korea">Names</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Korean_era_name" title="Korean era name">Era names</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_Korea" title="Naval history of Korea">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_newspapers_in_Korea" title="History of newspapers in Korea">Newspapers</a></li> <li>Politics (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Joseon_Dynasty_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseon Dynasty politics">Joseon</a></span> · <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Korea" title="Politics of North Korea">North</a></span> · <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Korea" title="Politics of South Korea">South</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion_in_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="History of religion in Korea">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Korean_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Korean Buddhism"><span style="font-size:85%;">Buddhism</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Christianity in Korea"><span style="font-size:85%;">Christianity</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Islam in Korea"><span style="font-size:85%;">Islam</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_Korea" title="History of science and technology in Korea">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_Korea" title="History of women in Korea">Women</a></li> <li>World Heritage Sites (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_North_Korea" title="List of World Heritage Sites in North Korea">North</a></span> · <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_South_Korea" title="List of World Heritage Sites in South Korea">South</a></span>)</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Korean_history" title="Timeline of Korean history">Timeline</a></b></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Korea_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Korea_Map.svg/16px-Korea_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Korea_Map.svg/24px-Korea_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Korea_Map.svg/32px-Korea_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Korea" class="mw-disambig" title="Portal:Korea">Korea portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Korea" title="Template:History of Korea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Korea" title="Template talk:History of Korea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Korea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Korea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Korean Empire</b>, officially the <b>Empire of Korea</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Imperial Korea</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean</a> monarchical state proclaimed in October 1897 by <a href="/wiki/Gojong_of_Korea" title="Gojong of Korea">King Gojong</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon dynasty</a>. The empire lasted until <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">annexation of Korea</a> in August 1910. </p><p>During this period, Emperor Gojong oversaw the <a href="/wiki/Gwangmu_Reform" title="Gwangmu Reform">Gwangmu Reform</a>, a partial modernization and westernization of Korea's military, economy, land system, education system, and various industries. In 1905, the Korean Empire became a <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a> of the Empire of Japan. After the Japanese annexation in 1910, the Korean Empire ceased to exist. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation">Formation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Resistance against Korea having a tributary relationship with China increased in the 17th century. As the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, Western ideas entering Korea had caused anti-tributary sentiments to rise in Korea. Moreover, after the opening of Korea, members of the <a href="/wiki/Gaehwa_Party" title="Gaehwa Party">Gaehwa Party</a> often declared independence from China, but China increased its interference in Korean affairs after the <a href="/wiki/Imo_Incident" title="Imo Incident">Imo Incident</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gapsin_Coup" title="Gapsin Coup">Gapsin Coup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, following the Japanese victory in the <a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a> won independence from the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>. Proclaiming an empire was seen by many politicians as a good way to maintain independence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYi2012189–190_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYi2012189–190-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/Gojong_of_Korea" title="Gojong of Korea">Gojong of Korea</a> returned from <a href="/wiki/Gojong%27s_internal_exile_to_the_Russian_legation" title="Gojong's internal exile to the Russian legation">his exile in the Russian legation</a>, many officials requested Gojong to proclaim an empire to strengthen the country, and build a firm framework as an independent state.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, Gojong realized that Korea needed a new constitution to gain public support, and an opportunity to start drastic reforms. He established Gyo Junso (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">교전소</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">校典所</span></span>) to manage the reformed constitution. The Gyo Junso included all factions of Koreans, which impeded it from making notable achievements. The main conflict between the members was about the authority of the king. The Gyo Junso was dissolved in 1899, without having achieved success.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1897, Gojong was crowned in <a href="/wiki/Hwangudan" title="Hwangudan">Hwangudan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYi2012187_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYi2012187-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coronation included both Western style coronation and a traditional Asian one.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gojong named the new empire <i>Daehan</i> and changed the <a href="/wiki/Regnal_year" title="Regnal year">regnal year</a> to <i>Gwangmu</i>, with 1897 being the first year of <i>Gwangmu</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gojong implemented the constitution of the country in 1898, which gave the whole authority to the emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYi2012187_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYi2012187-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At first, most nations did not accept the proclamation of the empire. The negative foreign response to the new empire was due to the independence of Korea from foreign influence, which had dominated its political and economic landscape. Among foreign nations, Qing showed their opposition most explicitly. They regarded the formation of the Korean Empire as a more embarrassing event than the loss of the <a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Eventually foreign monarchs acknowledged Gojong as an emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reforms">Reforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gwangmu_Reform">Gwangmu Reform</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gwangmu Reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gwangmu_Reform" title="Gwangmu Reform">Gwangmu Reform</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2025</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rise_of_civil_rights_and_the_Independence_Club">Rise of civil rights and the Independence Club</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rise of civil rights and the Independence Club"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even though all authority resided with the emperor, popular influence in politics increased from the <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a> era. Many newspapers such as <i><a href="/wiki/Tongnip_sinmun" title="Tongnip sinmun">Tongnip sinmun</a></i> were established, promoting political awareness. Many organizations were established, including the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Club" title="Independence Club">Independence Club</a>. Moreover, protests were not banned and people protested for reforms in Seoul.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYi2012193–196_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYi2012193–196-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Independence Club tried to bring many reforms to the country to improve civil rights. The club established the <i>Junchuwon</i>, which was a westernized senate of the Korean Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1898, the Independence Club made six requests to the emperor:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulbert1906161-163_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulbert1906161-163-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Neither officials nor people shall depend upon foreign aid, but shall do their best to strengthen and uphold the imperial power.</li> <li>All documents pertaining to foreign loans, the hiring of foreign soldiers, the granting of concessions, etc., in fact every document drawn up between the Korean government and a foreign party or firm, shall be signed and sealed by all the Ministers of State and the President of the Privy Council.</li> <li>Important offenders shall be punished only after they have been given a public trial and ample opportunity to defend themselves.</li> <li>To his Majesty shall belong the power to appoint Ministers, but in case a majority of the Cabinet disapproves of the Emperor's nominee he shall not be appointed.</li> <li>All sources of revenue and methods of raising taxes shall be placed under the control of the Finance Department, no other department, officer or corporation being allowed to interfere therewith; and the annual estimates and balances shall be made public.</li> <li>The existing laws and regulations shall be enforced without fear or favour.</li></ol> <p>However, the Sugu Party, which was in opposition to the Independence Party, spread false rumors that the club was attempting to depose the Emperor, establish a republic, and make <a href="/wiki/Bak_Jeongyang" title="Bak Jeongyang">Bak Jeongyang</a> President with <a href="/wiki/Yun_Chi-ho" title="Yun Chi-ho">Yun Chi-ho</a> as Vice President.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon hearing this rumor, Gojong ordered the immediate apprehension of members of the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Club" title="Independence Club">Independence Club</a>. Among the 20 leaders of the club, 17 were arrested. Members of the Sugu Party wanted to execute these leaders, but the exile of President Yun Chi-ho led the party to focus on arresting Yun. On November 5, 1898, Gojong banned the club through an imperial decree. Moreover, he replaced ministers who had signed the six requests of the Independence Club.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new cabinet was formed with many politicians who were more conservative compared to the members of the Independence Club.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another part of reform under Korean Empire was military reform. Both conservatives and the progressives agreed with strengthening military. However, they faced obstacles as the <a href="/wiki/Gabo_Reform" title="Gabo Reform">Gabo Reform</a> seriously weakened Korean armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1898–1904"><span id="1898.E2.80.931904"></span>1898–1904</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1898–1904"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%EB%B3%B8%EB%8B%A8%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C_%EB%B0%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8_%ED%99%A9%EA%B6%81%EC%9A%B0_(c._1906).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%EB%B3%B8%EB%8B%A8%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C_%EB%B0%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8_%ED%99%A9%EA%B6%81%EC%9A%B0_%28c._1906%29.jpg/220px-%EB%B3%B8%EB%8B%A8%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C_%EB%B0%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8_%ED%99%A9%EA%B6%81%EC%9A%B0_%28c._1906%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%EB%B3%B8%EB%8B%A8%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C_%EB%B0%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8_%ED%99%A9%EA%B6%81%EC%9A%B0_%28c._1906%29.jpg/330px-%EB%B3%B8%EB%8B%A8%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C_%EB%B0%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8_%ED%99%A9%EA%B6%81%EC%9A%B0_%28c._1906%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%EB%B3%B8%EB%8B%A8%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C_%EB%B0%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8_%ED%99%A9%EA%B6%81%EC%9A%B0_%28c._1906%29.jpg/440px-%EB%B3%B8%EB%8B%A8%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C_%EB%B0%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8_%ED%99%A9%EA%B6%81%EC%9A%B0_%28c._1906%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4253" data-file-height="2922" /></a><figcaption>Hwangudan in 1906</figcaption></figure> <p>Right after dissolving the Independence Club and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Joint_Association" title="People's Joint Association">People's Joint Association</a> by force, Gojong sought to design his new cabinet with conservative politicians. Liberal officials, such as <a href="/wiki/Min_Young-hwan" title="Min Young-hwan">Min Young-hwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Han_Kyu-seol" title="Han Kyu-seol">Han Kyu-seol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yi_Hak-gyun" title="Yi Hak-gyun">Yi Hak-gyun</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yi_Jong-geon" title="Yi Jong-geon">Yi Jong-geon</a>, received their dismissal, while conservative counterparts experienced rise to the power: Shim Sang-hun as the Uijeongbu Chanjung, Yu Gi-hwan as the Minister, Min Young-gi as the Minister of Economy, Shin Gi-sun as the Minister of Education, Min Byeong-seok as the Minister of Military, and Yi Gi-dong as the 1st Siwi Regiment 1st Battalion commander. Furthermore, many Bobusangs were integrated into the officialdom, that 46 Bobusangs received position in the officialdom; this rise of Bobusangs was a torment for commoners who suffered from their tyranny as local officials.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even though the Independence Club was banned, reforms were not stopped and the Gwangmu Reform continued. Conservative or left of center Politicians such as <a href="/wiki/Min_Young-hwan" title="Min Young-hwan">Min Young-hwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Han_Kyu-seol" title="Han Kyu-seol">Han Kyu-seol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yi_Yong-ik" title="Yi Yong-ik">Yi Yong-ik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shim_Soon-taek" class="mw-redirect" title="Shim Soon-taek">Shim Soon-taek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yun_Ung-nyeol" title="Yun Ung-nyeol">Yun Ung-nyeol</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shim_Sang-hun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shim Sang-hun (page does not exist)">Shim Sang-hun</a> led the reforms. Among these ministers, <a href="/wiki/Yun_Ung-nyeol" title="Yun Ung-nyeol">Yun Ung-nyeol</a>. Yi Yong-ik and Shim Sang-hun were hated by the former members of the Independence Club.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These officials tried to reform the country conservatively.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new cabinet formed with conservative politicians wanted to strengthen the power of the emperor. This required more taxes from the citizens. As a result, many minor taxes that were abolished by <a href="/wiki/Gabo_Reform" title="Gabo Reform">Gabo Reform</a> were revived. These increased taxes enabled the Imperial Government to be rich enough to perform reform.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new cabinet also emphasized the independence of the country, leading to the enlargement of the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Korean_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the Korean Empire">Imperial Korean Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colonel <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Putyata" title="Dmitry Putyata">Dmitry Putyata</a> and some officers were sent from Russia to Korea. However, Putyata had conflicts with <a href="/wiki/Min_Young-hwan" title="Min Young-hwan">Min Young-hwan</a>, who was the former ambassador to Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He returned to Russia on 26 November 1897 after assisting in the modernizing of the army.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1898, 10 more battalions were formed.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By sending troops, the empire tried to protect its people. Jinwidae forces were deployed in <a href="/wiki/Jiandao" title="Jiandao">Jiandao</a>, where many Koreans lived.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new cabinet also wanted to establish a modern navy by buying ships with <a href="/wiki/KIS_Yangmu" title="KIS Yangmu">KIS <i>Yangmu</i></a> being the first ship to be bought, for only 451,605 won.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The government tried to industrialize the country by sending many students abroad to learn modern skills. Many new technologies were brought in to Korea and many companies were established.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Formalizing land ownership records also enabled better land tax collection.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These reforms were able to bring changes to the Korean Empire that made the country richer and stronger. </p><p>Moreover, land system reforms were initiated to establish a proper land ownership. Under the leadership of Minister of Interior <a href="/wiki/Bak_Jeongyang" title="Bak Jeongyang">Bak Jeongyang</a>, and Minister of Agriculture and Industry <a href="/wiki/Yi_Do-jae" title="Yi Do-jae">Yi Do-jae</a>, land system reforms were purposed in June 1898. The new system not only included the land or house itself but also the surroundings of the land. This proposal was denied as only 4 out of 10 ministers assented with the proposal. However, when Gojong reviewed this cabinet conference, he ordered to proceed the land system reform just as the proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Foreign_affairs">Foreign affairs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Foreign affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the key problems of the Korean Empire was its foreign affairs. Despite its official neutrality, the country had many policies that favored the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>. Russia frequently intervened in Korea and many of Korea's natural resources were sent to Russia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Historians are still unsure what Russia's real intentions were for Korea at the time. According to a dispatch sent from Shanghai, Russia tried to make the Korean Empire a protectorate of the Russian Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_all_the_Russias" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of all the Russias">Czar</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II</a> himself did not desire colonizing Korea. In 1901, Nicholas told <a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry_of_Prussia_(1862%E2%80%931929)" title="Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929)">Prince Henry of Prussia</a>, "I do not want to seize Korea but under no circumstances can I allow <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> to become firmly established there. That would be a <a href="/wiki/Casus_belli" title="Casus belli">casus belli</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taft-Katsura_Agreement_and_the_Russo-Japanese_War">Taft-Katsura Agreement and the Russo-Japanese War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Taft-Katsura Agreement and the Russo-Japanese War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a>, Korea tried to show its neutrality to different Western countries. On 27 January 1904, Russia, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom formally commended Korea's declaration of neutrality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulbert190477_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulbert190477-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later that year on August 22, the first treaty between Japan and Korea, known as the <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Agreement_of_August_1904" title="Japan–Korea Agreement of August 1904">First Japan–Korea Convention</a>, was signed. This allowed the creation of a Japanese garrison in Korea, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Korean_Army" title="Japanese Korean Army">Japanese Korean Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Taft%E2%80%93Katsura_agreement" title="Taft–Katsura agreement">Taft–Katsura Agreement</a> (more appropriately known as the <i>Taft–Katsura Memorandum</i>) was issued on July 17, 1905. It was not actually a secret pact or agreement between the United States and Japan, but rather a set of notes regarding discussions on U.S.-Japanese relations between members of the governments of both countries, hence its more appropriate name memorandum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENahm19859_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENahm19859-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Japanese Prime Minister Taro Katsura used the opportunity presented by Secretary of War <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a>'s stopover in Tokyo to extract a statement from Taft on the Korean question, in his capacity as a representative of the Roosevelt Administration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENahm198510_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENahm198510-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taft expressed in the memorandum that a <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerain</a> relationship with Japan guiding Korea would "contribute to permanent peace in the Far East."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENahm198510_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENahm198510-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1905, Russia and Japan signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Portsmouth" title="Treaty of Portsmouth">Treaty of Portsmouth</a>, ending the Russo-Japanese War and firmly establishing Japan's influence in Korea. Secret diplomatic contacts were sent by the Gwangmu Emperor in the fall of 1905 to entities outside of Korea presenting Korea's desperate case to preserve their sovereignty, as normal diplomatic channels were no longer an option, due to the constant surveillance by the Japanese.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim2006239_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim2006239-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eulsa_Treaty">Eulsa Treaty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Eulsa Treaty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1905" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905">Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Min_Young_Hwan_Funeral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Min_Young_Hwan_Funeral.jpg/220px-Min_Young_Hwan_Funeral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Min_Young_Hwan_Funeral.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="195" /></a><figcaption>State funeral of Min Young-hwan who committed suicide in protest of the <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1905" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905">Eulsa Treaty</a></figcaption></figure><p>Until 1905, the Korean Empire was advancing due to reforms. However, things changed after the <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1905" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905">Eulsa Treaty</a>. Through numerous treaties, Japan isolated Korea. Emperor Gojong was opposed to the Eulsa Treaty, but negotiations proceeded without him. There were eight ministers in the conference room. Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Han_Kyu-seol" title="Han Kyu-seol">Han Kyu-seol</a>, Minister of the Army <a href="/wiki/Yi_Geun-taek" title="Yi Geun-taek">Yi Geun-taek</a>, Minister of the Interior Yi Ji-yong, Minister of Foreign Affairs <a href="/wiki/Park_Je-sun" class="mw-redirect" title="Park Je-sun">Park Je-sun</a>, Minister of Agriculture, Commerce, and Industry Gwon Jung-hyeon, Minister of Finance Min Yeong-gi, and Minister of Justice Yi Ha-yeong were the Korean ministers in the conference room. Except for Han Kyu-seol, Min Yeoung-gi, and Yi Ha-yeong, all the ministers agreed with the treaty, which established a Japanese protectorate over Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the treaty was signed, the <i>Waebu</i>, which was the ministry of foreign affairs, was dissolved. All of Korea's foreign affairs were now handled by Tokyo.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many embassies were recalled from Korea due to the treaty. On February 1, 1906, <a href="/wiki/It%C5%8D_Hirobumi" title="Itō Hirobumi">Itō Hirobumi</a>, who led the Japanese treaty negotiations, became the first <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Resident-General_of_Korea" title="Japanese Resident-General of Korea">Japanese Resident-General of Korea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Korean_resistance">Korean resistance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Korean resistance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In order to manifest the invalidity of the Eulsa Treaty, Gojong sent several secret embassies to plea for support. Korean secret diplomacy's first target was Russia. Koreans believed that Russia would help the Korean independence as several Koreans who fled to <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> after <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1904" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1904">Japan–Korea Treaty of 1904</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Yi_Hak-gyun" title="Yi Hak-gyun">Yi Hak-gyun</a>, had sent letters from former Russian minister to Korea Pavlov, which said that Japan would be withdrawn by Russian forces, and Russia would ensure Korean independence.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another response to Eulsa Treaty was committing suicide. <a href="/wiki/Yi_Han-eung" title="Yi Han-eung">Yi Han-eung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Min_Young-hwan" title="Min Young-hwan">Min Young-hwan</a> are examples for such resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many joined the <a href="/wiki/Righteous_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Righteous army">righteous armies</a> and some even attempted to assassinate the five Korean ministers who consented to the treaty also known as the <a href="/wiki/Five_Eulsa_Traitors" title="Five Eulsa Traitors">Five Eulsa Traitors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Often the <a href="/wiki/Gojong_of_Korea" title="Gojong of Korea">Gojong of Korea</a> himself led the resistance. He sent many messages to European monarchs such as <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II,_German_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm II, German Emperor">Wilhelm II</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II" title="Nicholas II">Nicholas II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He sent <a href="/wiki/Homer_Hulbert" title="Homer Hulbert">Homer Hulbert</a>, an American missionary and journalist, to the United States as an emissary in order to repudiate the treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1906, Nicholas II secretly sent Gojong an invitation for the Hague Convention of 1907. He sent <a href="/wiki/Hague_Secret_Emissary_Affair" title="Hague Secret Emissary Affair">emissaries to the Hague</a> in order to repudiate the Eulsa Treaty. However, the emissaries were not accorded recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The houses of <a href="/wiki/Ye_Wanyong" class="mw-redirect" title="Ye Wanyong">Ye Wanyong</a> were burned by the people and the Japanese Korean Army intervened to suppress public discontent.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These acts against the terms of the treaty led to the abdication of Gojong, who was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Sunjong_of_Korea" title="Sunjong of Korea">Sunjong</a> on 19 July 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_protectorate_and_annexation">Japanese protectorate and annexation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Japanese protectorate and annexation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Sunjong became emperor, the <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1907" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1907">Japan–Korea Treaty of 1907</a> was signed. Under the treaty, more Japanese were employed in the Korean government and started to intervene closely in Korean affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forces of General <a href="/wiki/Hasegawa_Yoshimichi" title="Hasegawa Yoshimichi">Hasegawa</a> garrisoned the palace. Some regiments of the Imperial Korean Army were disarmed. The Pyongyang <i><a href="/wiki/Jinwidae" title="Jinwidae">Jinwidae</a></i>, which was the elite unit of the Imperial Korean Army, was disarmed.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting this reduction of Jinwidae, many regiments of the Imperial Korean Army were dissolved starting from 31 July 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These Japanese interventions fueled the righteous armies and various local peasant militias to fight against the Japanese, but with little success.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1909, the Japanese suppressed all of the righteous armies. Many of their members fled to Manchuria or other parts of China to join the Independence Army.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japanese officials were implanted into the Korean officialdom. According to the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1907, Japanese who served as advisors for Korea were incorporated to the Korean central government. By 31 December 1908, 40.7 percent of all officials and 36.9 percent of high-ranking officials were Japanese, with the result of many Korean officials losing their jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim196254-55_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim196254-55-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under <a href="/wiki/Terauchi_Masatake" title="Terauchi Masatake">Terauchi Masatake</a>, Japan prepared to annex Korea. After the <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1910" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910">Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910</a> was signed on 22 August 1910, the Korean Empire was annexed. The annexation was announced on 29 August 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military">Military</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Korean_Armed_Forces" title="Imperial Korean Armed Forces">Imperial Korean Armed Forces</a></div> <p>The Imperial Armed Forces (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">대한제국군</span></span>) was the military of the Korean Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koreansoldiers1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Koreansoldiers1898.jpg/220px-Koreansoldiers1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Koreansoldiers1898.jpg/330px-Koreansoldiers1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Koreansoldiers1898.jpg/440px-Koreansoldiers1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="840" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers of the Korean Imperial Army, 1898</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Composition">Composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Imperial Armed Forces were composed of the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Korean_Empire#Imperial_Korean_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the Korean Empire">Imperial Korean Army</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Korean_Empire#Imperial_Korean_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the Korean Empire">Imperial Korean Navy</a>. With the central and provincial armies, the Korean Imperial grew immensely to 28,000 before 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeltie1900791_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeltie1900791-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organization">Organization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Succeeding the former <a href="/wiki/Joseon_Army" title="Joseon Army">Joseon Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseon_Navy" title="Joseon Navy">Navy</a>, the Gwangmu Reform reorganized the military into a modern, Western-style one. Unlike in the Joseon dynasty, service was voluntary. It had a size of about 30,000, including soldiers and cadets. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%AC%B4%ED%98%B8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%AC%B4%ED%98%B8.jpg/220px-%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%AC%B4%ED%98%B8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%AC%B4%ED%98%B8.jpg/330px-%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%AC%B4%ED%98%B8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%AC%B4%ED%98%B8.jpg/440px-%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%91%EB%AC%B4%ED%98%B8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/KIS_Yangmu" title="KIS Yangmu">KIS <i>Yangmu</i></a>, the first naval ship of the Imperial Korean Navy</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dissolution">Dissolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Dissolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The military disbanded on August 1, 1907, due to the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1907. Major <a href="/wiki/Park_Seung-hwan" title="Park Seung-hwan">Park Seung-hwan</a> protested by committing suicide, sparking a revolt led by former imperial soldiers leading to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Namdaemun" title="Battle of Namdaemun">battle</a> at <a href="/wiki/Namdaemun" title="Namdaemun">Namdaemun</a> Gate. Emperor Sunjong incorporated the remaining soldiers into the Imperial Guards until 1910, while others formed the foundations of the Righteous armies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some modern enterprises emerged in the Korean Empire, including some hand-operated machinery. These enterprises faced a crisis when Japanese products were imported into the country and the enterprises lacked capital intensity. Although limited banking infrastructure existed, it was not able to adequately support economic development. Large Korean (South Korean) companies existing to this day such as <a href="/wiki/Doosan" class="mw-redirect" title="Doosan">Doosan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korea_Electric_Power_Corporation" title="Korea Electric Power Corporation">Korea Electric Power Corporation</a> originated during the Imperial period.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nonetheless, the Korean Empire was able to have good economic growth. The GDP per capita of the Korean Empire was $850 in 1900, which was 26th highest in the world and 2nd highest in Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The economic progress of the Korean Empire was reflected in a secret report that <a href="/wiki/Hayashi_Gonsuke_(diplomat)" title="Hayashi Gonsuke (diplomat)">Hayashi Gonsuke</a> sent to <a href="/wiki/Aoki_Sh%C5%ABz%C5%8D" title="Aoki Shūzō">Aoki Shūzō</a>, indicating that the Korean Empire was becoming an economic participant on the global stage.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Era of Korean Empire was a period when modern companies were established. At the dawn of the Korean Empire, officials from <a href="/wiki/Gaehwa_Party" title="Gaehwa Party">Gaehwa Party</a> such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahn_Gyeong-su&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahn Gyeong-su (page does not exist)">Ahn Gyeong-su</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yun_Chi-ho" title="Yun Chi-ho">Yun Chi-ho</a>, and Yi Chae-yeon led the establishments of companies. However, as the absolute government of Gojong was established, those who were close to the Emperor including <a href="/wiki/Yi_Yong-ik" title="Yi Yong-ik">Yi Yong-ik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Min_Young-hwan" title="Min Young-hwan">Min Young-hwan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yi_Yun-yong_(1855)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yi Yun-yong (1855)">Yi Yun-yong</a> were highly interested in the establishments of companies.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tax revenue of the Korean Empire during 1895–1905:<sup id="cite_ref-:2_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>1895 </th> <th>1896 </th> <th>1897 </th> <th>1898 </th> <th>1899 </th> <th>1900 </th> <th>1901 </th> <th>1902 </th> <th>1903 </th> <th>1904 </th> <th>1905 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Amount of tax revenue in Won </td> <td>4,557,587 </td> <td>4,809,410 </td> <td>4,191,192 </td> <td>4,527,476 </td> <td>6,473,222 </td> <td>6,162,796 </td> <td>9,079,456 </td> <td>7,586,530 </td> <td>10,766,115 </td> <td>14,214,573 </td> <td>14,960,574 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Annual expenditure of the Korean Empire during 1895–1905:<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>1895 </th> <th>1896 </th> <th>1897 </th> <th>1898 </th> <th>1899 </th> <th>1900 </th> <th>1901 </th> <th>1902 </th> <th>1903 </th> <th>1904 </th> <th>1905 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Amount of annual expenditure in Won </td> <td>3,244,910 </td> <td>5,144,531 </td> <td>3,967,647 </td> <td>4,419,432 </td> <td>6,128,229 </td> <td>5,558,972 </td> <td>8,020,151 </td> <td>6,932,037 </td> <td>9,697,371 </td> <td>12,370,795 </td> <td>12,947,624 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomatic_relationships">Diplomatic relationships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Diplomatic relationships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Japan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a></span>: 1876–1910</li> <li><span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span>: 1882–1905</li> <li><span data-sort-value="Germany"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></span>: 1883–1905</li> <li><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></span>: 1883–1905</li> <li><span data-sort-value="Russia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></span>: 1884–1905</li> <li><span data-sort-value="Italy"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></span>: 1884–1905</li> <li><span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a></span>: 1886–1905</li> <li><span data-sort-value="Austria-Hungary"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></span>: 1892–1905</li> <li><span data-sort-value="China"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">China</a></span>: 1899–1905</li> <li><span data-sort-value="Belgium"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></span>: 1901–1905</li> <li><span data-sort-value="Denmark"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/35px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/46px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></span>: 1902–1905</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Seal_of_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National seal"><img alt="National seal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/National_Seal_of_Korea.svg/120px-National_Seal_of_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/National_Seal_of_Korea.svg/180px-National_Seal_of_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/National_Seal_of_Korea.svg/240px-National_Seal_of_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">National seal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Korean_empire_(1900).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms"><img alt="Coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Coat_of_arms_of_Korean_empire_%281900%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Korean_empire_%281900%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Coat_of_arms_of_Korean_empire_%281900%29.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Korean_empire_%281900%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Coat_of_arms_of_Korean_empire_%281900%29.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_Korean_empire_%281900%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coat of arms</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Russia_legation_of_Korea_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Part of the old Russian legation building in Seoul. In 1896, King Gojong and the crown prince fled from the Gyeongbok Palace to the Russian legation in Seoul."><img alt="Part of the old Russian legation building in Seoul. In 1896, King Gojong and the crown prince fled from the Gyeongbok Palace to the Russian legation in Seoul." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Former_Russia_legation_of_Korea_02.JPG/90px-Former_Russia_legation_of_Korea_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Former_Russia_legation_of_Korea_02.JPG/135px-Former_Russia_legation_of_Korea_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Former_Russia_legation_of_Korea_02.JPG/180px-Former_Russia_legation_of_Korea_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Part of the old Russian legation building in Seoul. In 1896, King Gojong and the crown prince fled from the Gyeongbok Palace to the Russian legation in Seoul.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseon_New-Style_Policeman.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="In 1900, Western attire became the official uniform for Korean civil officials. Several years later, all Korean policemen were ordered to wear modernized uniforms."><img alt="In 1900, Western attire became the official uniform for Korean civil officials. Several years later, all Korean policemen were ordered to wear modernized uniforms." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Joseon_New-Style_Policeman.JPG/71px-Joseon_New-Style_Policeman.JPG" decoding="async" width="71" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Joseon_New-Style_Policeman.JPG/107px-Joseon_New-Style_Policeman.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Joseon_New-Style_Policeman.JPG/143px-Joseon_New-Style_Policeman.JPG 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">In 1900, Western attire became the official uniform for Korean civil officials. Several years later, all Korean policemen were ordered to wear modernized uniforms.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lee_Yong-ik_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yi Yong-ik, Chief of the Bureau of Currency during the Korean Empire"><img alt="Yi Yong-ik, Chief of the Bureau of Currency during the Korean Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lee_Yong-ik_Portrait.jpg/94px-Lee_Yong-ik_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lee_Yong-ik_Portrait.jpg/141px-Lee_Yong-ik_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lee_Yong-ik_Portrait.jpg/188px-Lee_Yong-ik_Portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="861" data-file-height="1098" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Yi_Yong-ik" title="Yi Yong-ik">Yi Yong-ik</a>, Chief of the Bureau of Currency during the Korean Empire</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Streetcar1903.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A streetcar in Seoul, 1903"><img alt="A streetcar in Seoul, 1903" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Streetcar1903.jpg/120px-Streetcar1903.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Streetcar1903.jpg/180px-Streetcar1903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Streetcar1903.jpg/240px-Streetcar1903.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="841" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A streetcar in Seoul, 1903</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SeoulElectricCompany.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The headquarters of the Hanseong Electric Company"><img alt="The headquarters of the Hanseong Electric Company" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/SeoulElectricCompany.jpg/120px-SeoulElectricCompany.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/SeoulElectricCompany.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="140" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The headquarters of the Hanseong Electric Company</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JAPANESE_OCCUPATION_OF_SEOUL.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Japanese infantry marching through Seoul during the Russo-Japanese War in 1904"><img alt="Japanese infantry marching through Seoul during the Russo-Japanese War in 1904" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/JAPANESE_OCCUPATION_OF_SEOUL.jpg/120px-JAPANESE_OCCUPATION_OF_SEOUL.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/JAPANESE_OCCUPATION_OF_SEOUL.jpg/180px-JAPANESE_OCCUPATION_OF_SEOUL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/JAPANESE_OCCUPATION_OF_SEOUL.jpg/240px-JAPANESE_OCCUPATION_OF_SEOUL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4741" data-file-height="1618" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Japanese infantry marching through Seoul during the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> in 1904</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yi_Beomjin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yi Beom-jin, an official and later independence fighter against the Japanese. He supported secret emissaries sent by Gojong to The Hague in 1907."><img alt="Yi Beom-jin, an official and later independence fighter against the Japanese. He supported secret emissaries sent by Gojong to The Hague in 1907." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Yi_Beomjin.jpg/88px-Yi_Beomjin.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Yi_Beomjin.jpg/132px-Yi_Beomjin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Yi_Beomjin.jpg/176px-Yi_Beomjin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="937" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yi Beom-jin, an official and later independence fighter against the Japanese. He supported secret emissaries sent by Gojong to The Hague in 1907.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hague_Secret_Emissary_Affair.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Three secret emissaries, Yi Tjoune, Yi Sang-seol, and Yi Wi-jong, who were sent to The Hague in 1907 by Emperor Gojong (for further reading, see Hague Secret Emissary Affair)"><img alt="Three secret emissaries, Yi Tjoune, Yi Sang-seol, and Yi Wi-jong, who were sent to The Hague in 1907 by Emperor Gojong (for further reading, see Hague Secret Emissary Affair)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Hague_Secret_Emissary_Affair.jpg/120px-Hague_Secret_Emissary_Affair.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Hague_Secret_Emissary_Affair.jpg/180px-Hague_Secret_Emissary_Affair.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Hague_Secret_Emissary_Affair.jpg/240px-Hague_Secret_Emissary_Affair.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Three secret emissaries, Yi Tjoune, Yi Sang-seol, and Yi Wi-jong, who were sent to The Hague in 1907 by Emperor Gojong (for further reading, see <a href="/wiki/Hague_Secret_Emissary_Affair" title="Hague Secret Emissary Affair">Hague Secret Emissary Affair</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gojong_Stamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Replica of a stamp that Gojong used in his capacity as emperor"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gojong_Stamp.jpg/90px-Gojong_Stamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gojong_Stamp.jpg/135px-Gojong_Stamp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gojong_Stamp.jpg/180px-Gojong_Stamp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Replica of a stamp that Gojong used in his capacity as emperor</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The 1904 American comedic opera, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sho-Gun" title="The Sho-Gun">The Sho-Gun</a></i>, written by <a href="/wiki/George_Ade" title="George Ade">George Ade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Luders" title="Gustav Luders">Gustav Luders</a>, is set in the Korean Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-ibdb_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibdb-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 2018 South Korean TV series, <a href="/wiki/Mr._Sunshine_(South_Korean_TV_series)" title="Mr. Sunshine (South Korean TV series)"><i>Mr. Sunshine</i></a>, is set in the last days of the Korean Empire.</li> <li>The 2018 South Korean TV series, <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Empress_(TV_series)" title="The Last Empress (TV series)"><i>The Last Empress</i></a>, depicts a modern-day Korean Empire in an alternate reality along with a dark secret of the imperial family leading to its demise.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 2020 South Korean TV series, <i><a href="/wiki/The_King:_Eternal_Monarch" title="The King: Eternal Monarch">The King: Eternal Monarch</a></i>, takes place in an alternate reality where the Korean Empire continues to exist in the modern world.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Korea" title="List of monarchs of Korea">List of monarchs of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Yi" title="House of Yi">Korean Imperial Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Namdaemun" title="Battle of Namdaemun">Battle of Namdaemun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_the_Korean_Empire" title="National anthem of the Korean Empire">National anthem of the Korean Empire</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PrimeMinister-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PrimeMinister_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Style: <i>Naegak chongri daesin</i> (1894–1896); <i>Ui jeong</i> (1896–1905); <i>Ui jeong daesin</i> (1905–1907); <i>Chongri daesin</i> (1907–1910)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">대한제국</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">大韓帝國</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Daehan Jeguk</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">MR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Taehan Cheguk</i></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> Empire of Great Korea</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-조선왕조시대_인구추정에_관한_일시론-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-조선왕조시대_인구추정에_관한_일시론_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREF권태환_신용하1977" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">권태환 신용하 (1977). <bdi lang="ko">조선왕조시대 인구추정에 관한 일시론</bdi> (in Korean).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%99%95%EC%A1%B0%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80+%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC%EC%B6%94%EC%A0%95%EC%97%90+%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C+%EC%9D%BC%EC%8B%9C%EB%A1%A0&rft.date=1977&rft.au=%EA%B6%8C%ED%83%9C%ED%99%98+%EC%8B%A0%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.much.go.kr/L/oSFDZp4lv4.do">Passport of Korean Empire from National Museum of Korean Contemporary History</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=1&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&setId=-1&totalCount=0&prevPage=0&prevLimit=&itemId=nh&types=&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&brokerPagingInfo=&levelId=nh_042_0020_0010_0010&position=-1"><bdi lang="ko">1) 청일전쟁 이후 동아정세의 변화</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Korean_History_(book_series)" title="Korean History (book series)"><i>Korean History</i></a> (New ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1%29+%EC%B2%AD%EC%9D%BC%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81+%EC%9D%B4%ED%9B%84+%EB%8F%99%EC%95%84%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%98+%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&rft.btitle=Korean+History&rft.edition=New&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdb.history.go.kr%2Fitem%2Flevel.do%3Fsort%3DlevelId%26dir%3DASC%26start%3D1%26limit%3D20%26page%3D1%26pre_page%3D1%26setId%3D-1%26totalCount%3D0%26prevPage%3D0%26prevLimit%3D%26itemId%3Dnh%26types%3D%26synonym%3Doff%26chinessChar%3Don%26brokerPagingInfo%3D%26levelId%3Dnh_042_0020_0010_0010%26position%3D-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYi2012189–190-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYi2012189–190_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYi2012">Yi 2012</a>, pp. 189–190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=1&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&setId=11&totalCount=11&prevPage=0&prevLimit=&itemId=nh&types=&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&brokerPagingInfo=&levelId=nh_042_0030_0010_0010_0010&position=8"><bdi lang="ko">(1) 교전소의 설치</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Korean_History_(book_series)" title="Korean History (book series)"><i>Korean History</i></a> (New ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%281%29+%EA%B5%90%EC%A0%84%EC%86%8C%EC%9D%98+%EC%84%A4%EC%B9%98&rft.btitle=Korean+History&rft.edition=New&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdb.history.go.kr%2Fitem%2Flevel.do%3Fsort%3DlevelId%26dir%3DASC%26start%3D1%26limit%3D20%26page%3D1%26pre_page%3D1%26setId%3D11%26totalCount%3D11%26prevPage%3D0%26prevLimit%3D%26itemId%3Dnh%26types%3D%26synonym%3Doff%26chinessChar%3Don%26brokerPagingInfo%3D%26levelId%3Dnh_042_0030_0010_0010_0010%26position%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYi2012187-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYi2012187_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYi2012187_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYi2012">Yi 2012</a>, p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=1&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&setId=-1&totalCount=0&prevPage=0&prevLimit=&itemId=nh&types=&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&brokerPagingInfo=&levelId=nh_042_0020_0020_0020&position=-1"><bdi lang="ko">2) 고종의 황제즉위식</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Korean_History_(book_series)" title="Korean History (book series)"><i>Korean History</i></a> (New ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2%29+%EA%B3%A0%EC%A2%85%EC%9D%98+%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C%EC%A6%89%EC%9C%84%EC%8B%9D&rft.btitle=Korean+History&rft.edition=New&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdb.history.go.kr%2Fitem%2Flevel.do%3Fsort%3DlevelId%26dir%3DASC%26start%3D1%26limit%3D20%26page%3D1%26pre_page%3D1%26setId%3D-1%26totalCount%3D0%26prevPage%3D0%26prevLimit%3D%26itemId%3Dnh%26types%3D%26synonym%3Doff%26chinessChar%3Don%26brokerPagingInfo%3D%26levelId%3Dnh_042_0020_0020_0020%26position%3D-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kza_13410013_002#footnote_1"><bdi lang="ko">조선왕조실록</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Veritable_Records_of_the_Joseon_Dynasty" title="Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty">Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Veritable+Records+of+the+Joseon+Dynasty&rft.atitle=%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%99%95%EC%A1%B0%EC%8B%A4%EB%A1%9D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsillok.history.go.kr%2Fid%2Fkza_13410013_002%23footnote_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contents.history.go.kr/front/nh/view.do?levelId=nh_042_0020_0030_0020"><bdi lang="ko">2) 열국의 승인</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Korean_History_(book_series)" title="Korean History (book series)"><i>Korean History</i></a> (New ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2%29+%EC%97%B4%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98+%EC%8A%B9%EC%9D%B8&rft.btitle=Korean+History&rft.edition=New&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontents.history.go.kr%2Ffront%2Fnh%2Fview.do%3FlevelId%3Dnh_042_0020_0030_0020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYi2012193–196-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYi2012193–196_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYi2012">Yi 2012</a>, pp. 193–196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0015187"><bdi lang="ko">대한제국(大韓帝國)</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture" title="Encyclopedia of Korean Culture">Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Korean+Culture&rft.atitle=%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD%28%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencykorea.aks.ac.kr%2FContents%2FItem%2FE0015187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulbert1906161-163-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulbert1906161-163_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHulbert1906">Hulbert 1906</a>, p. 161-163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=1&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&setId=12&totalCount=12&prevPage=0&prevLimit=&itemId=nh&types=&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&brokerPagingInfo=&levelId=nh_041_0060_0010_0010&position=-1"><bdi lang="ko">1) 만민공동회의 성립</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Korean_History_(book_series)" title="Korean History (book series)"><i>Korean History</i></a> (New ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1%29+%EB%A7%8C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%EB%8F%99%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98+%EC%84%B1%EB%A6%BD&rft.btitle=Korean+History&rft.edition=New&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdb.history.go.kr%2Fitem%2Flevel.do%3Fsort%3DlevelId%26dir%3DASC%26start%3D1%26limit%3D20%26page%3D1%26pre_page%3D1%26setId%3D12%26totalCount%3D12%26prevPage%3D0%26prevLimit%3D%26itemId%3Dnh%26types%3D%26synonym%3Doff%26chinessChar%3Don%26brokerPagingInfo%3D%26levelId%3Dnh_041_0060_0010_0010%26position%3D-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contents.history.go.kr/front/nh/view.do?levelId=nh_042_0030_0010_0030_0010"><bdi lang="ko">(1) 군제개혁의 방향</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Korean_History_(book_series)" title="Korean History (book series)"><i>Korean History</i></a> (New ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%281%29+%EA%B5%B0%EC%A0%9C%EA%B0%9C%ED%98%81%EC%9D%98+%EB%B0%A9%ED%96%A5&rft.btitle=Korean+History&rft.edition=New&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontents.history.go.kr%2Ffront%2Fnh%2Fview.do%3FlevelId%3Dnh_042_0030_0010_0030_0010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=1&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&setId=38&totalCount=38&prevPage=0&prevLimit=&itemId=nh&types=&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&brokerPagingInfo=&levelId=nh_041_0060_0020_0020&position=19"><bdi lang="ko">2) 독립협회·만민공동회의 강제 해산</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Korean_History_(book_series)" title="Korean History (book series)"><i>Korean History</i></a> (New ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2%29+%EB%8F%85%EB%A6%BD%ED%98%91%ED%9A%8C%C2%B7%EB%A7%8C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%EB%8F%99%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98+%EA%B0%95%EC%A0%9C+%ED%95%B4%EC%82%B0&rft.btitle=Korean+History&rft.edition=New&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdb.history.go.kr%2Fitem%2Flevel.do%3Fsort%3DlevelId%26dir%3DASC%26start%3D1%26limit%3D20%26page%3D1%26pre_page%3D1%26setId%3D38%26totalCount%3D38%26prevPage%3D0%26prevLimit%3D%26itemId%3Dnh%26types%3D%26synonym%3Doff%26chinessChar%3Don%26brokerPagingInfo%3D%26levelId%3Dnh_041_0060_0020_0020%26position%3D19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0005118"><bdi lang="ko">광무개혁(光武改革)</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture" title="Encyclopedia of Korean Culture">Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Korean+Culture&rft.atitle=%EA%B4%91%EB%AC%B4%EA%B0%9C%ED%98%81%28%E5%85%89%E6%AD%A6%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencykorea.aks.ac.kr%2FContents%2FItem%2FE0005118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=hk&levelId=hk_018r_0010_0010&types=r"><bdi lang="ko">한국사데이터베이스</bdi></a>. <i>db.history.go.kr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=db.history.go.kr&rft.atitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%82%AC%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdb.history.go.kr%2Fitem%2Flevel.do%3FitemId%3Dhk%26levelId%3Dhk_018r_0010_0010%26types%3Dr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=hk&levelId=hk_018_0010_0490&types=o"><bdi lang="ko">한국사데이터베이스</bdi></a>. <i>db.history.go.kr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=db.history.go.kr&rft.atitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%82%AC%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdb.history.go.kr%2Fitem%2Flevel.do%3FitemId%3Dhk%26levelId%3Dhk_018_0010_0490%26types%3Do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=sk&levelId=sk_022r_0010_0070_0020_0010&types=r"><bdi lang="ko">한국사데이터베이스</bdi></a>. <i>db.history.go.kr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=db.history.go.kr&rft.atitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%82%AC%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdb.history.go.kr%2Fitem%2Flevel.do%3FitemId%3Dsk%26levelId%3Dsk_022r_0010_0070_0020_0010%26types%3Dr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=jh&levelId=jh_014r_0080_0480&types=r"><bdi lang="ko">한국사데이터베이스</bdi></a>. <i>db.history.go.kr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=db.history.go.kr&rft.atitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%82%AC%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdb.history.go.kr%2Fitem%2Flevel.do%3FitemId%3Djh%26levelId%3Djh_014r_0080_0480%26types%3Dr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=1&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&setId=-1&totalCount=0&prevPage=0&prevLimit=&itemId=nh&types=&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&brokerPagingInfo=&levelId=nh_042_0030_0020_0010&position=-1"><bdi lang="ko">1) 양전사업의 추진 배경과 목적</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Korean_History_(book_series)" title="Korean History (book series)"><i>Korean History</i></a> (New ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1%29+%EC%96%91%EC%A0%84%EC%82%AC%EC%97%85%EC%9D%98+%EC%B6%94%EC%A7%84+%EB%B0%B0%EA%B2%BD%EA%B3%BC+%EB%AA%A9%EC%A0%81&rft.btitle=Korean+History&rft.edition=New&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdb.history.go.kr%2Fitem%2Flevel.do%3Fsort%3DlevelId%26dir%3DASC%26start%3D1%26limit%3D20%26page%3D1%26pre_page%3D1%26setId%3D-1%26totalCount%3D0%26prevPage%3D0%26prevLimit%3D%26itemId%3Dnh%26types%3D%26synonym%3Doff%26chinessChar%3Don%26brokerPagingInfo%3D%26levelId%3Dnh_042_0030_0020_0010%26position%3D-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1896/02/18/archives/russias-intentions-in-corea.html">"Russia's Intentions in Corea"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 1896-02-18. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Intentions+in+Corea.&rft.date=1896-02-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1896%2F02%2F18%2Farchives%2Frussias-intentions-in-corea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClark2012" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Christopher (2012-09-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=unxCQH3LKBcC"><i>The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914</i></a>. Penguin Books Limited. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7181-9295-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7181-9295-2"><bdi>978-0-7181-9295-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sleepwalkers%3A+How+Europe+Went+to+War+in+1914&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.date=2012-09-27&rft.isbn=978-0-7181-9295-2&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DunxCQH3LKBcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulbert190477-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulbert190477_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHulbert1904">Hulbert 1904</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contents.history.go.kr/mobile/nh/view.do?levelId=nh_042_0050_0020_0020_0010"><bdi lang="ko">(1) 러일전쟁과 한국주차군의 탄생</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Korean_History_(book_series)" title="Korean History (book series)"><i>Korean History</i></a> (New ed.)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-20</span></span> – via contents.history.go.kr.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%281%29+%EB%9F%AC%EC%9D%BC%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81%EA%B3%BC+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%A3%BC%EC%B0%A8%EA%B5%B0%EC%9D%98+%ED%83%84%EC%83%9D&rft.btitle=Korean+History&rft.edition=New&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontents.history.go.kr%2Fmobile%2Fnh%2Fview.do%3FlevelId%3Dnh_042_0050_0020_0020_0010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENahm19859-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENahm19859_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNahm1985">Nahm 1985</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENahm198510-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENahm198510_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENahm198510_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNahm1985">Nahm 1985</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim2006239-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim2006239_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKim2006">Kim 2006</a>, p. 239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EC%9D%84%EC%82%AC%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%BD&ridx=0&tot=230"><bdi lang="ko">을사조약(乙巳條約)</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture" title="Encyclopedia of Korean Culture">Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Korean+Culture&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%84%EC%82%AC%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%BD%28%E4%B9%99%E5%B7%B3%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencykorea.aks.ac.kr%2FContents%2FSearchNavi%3Fkeyword%3D%25EC%259D%2584%25EC%2582%25AC%25EC%25A1%25B0%25EC%2595%25BD%26ridx%3D0%26tot%3D230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=1&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&setId=434&totalCount=434&prevPage=0&prevLimit=&itemId=sa&types=&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&brokerPagingInfo=&levelId=sa_001r_0050_0010_0080&position=-1"><bdi lang="ko">한국사데이터베이스</bdi></a>. <i>db.history.go.kr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=db.history.go.kr&rft.atitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%82%AC%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdb.history.go.kr%2Fitem%2Flevel.do%3Fsort%3DlevelId%26dir%3DASC%26start%3D1%26limit%3D20%26page%3D1%26pre_page%3D1%26setId%3D434%26totalCount%3D434%26prevPage%3D0%26prevLimit%3D%26itemId%3Dsa%26types%3D%26synonym%3Doff%26chinessChar%3Don%26brokerPagingInfo%3D%26levelId%3Dsa_001r_0050_0010_0080%26position%3D-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%ED%86%B5%EA%B0%90%EB%B6%80&ridx=0&tot=5728"><bdi lang="ko">통감부(統監府)</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture" title="Encyclopedia of Korean Culture">Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Korean+Culture&rft.atitle=%ED%86%B5%EA%B0%90%EB%B6%80%28%E7%B5%B1%E7%9B%A3%E5%BA%9C%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencykorea.aks.ac.kr%2FContents%2FSearchNavi%3Fkeyword%3D%25ED%2586%25B5%25EA%25B0%2590%25EB%25B6%2580%26ridx%3D0%26tot%3D5728&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=1&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&setId=12&totalCount=12&prevPage=0&prevLimit=&itemId=nh&types=&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&brokerPagingInfo=&levelId=nh_042_0060_0010_0010&position=6"><bdi lang="ko">1) 밀사파견 외교의 전개</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Korean_History_(book_series)" title="Korean History (book series)"><i>Korean History</i></a> (New ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1%29+%EB%B0%80%EC%82%AC%ED%8C%8C%EA%B2%AC+%EC%99%B8%EA%B5%90%EC%9D%98+%EC%A0%84%EA%B0%9C&rft.btitle=Korean+History&rft.edition=New&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdb.history.go.kr%2Fitem%2Flevel.do%3Fsort%3DlevelId%26dir%3DASC%26start%3D1%26limit%3D20%26page%3D1%26pre_page%3D1%26setId%3D12%26totalCount%3D12%26prevPage%3D0%26prevLimit%3D%26itemId%3Dnh%26types%3D%26synonym%3Doff%26chinessChar%3Don%26brokerPagingInfo%3D%26levelId%3Dnh_042_0060_0010_0010%26position%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?cid=40942&docId=1133604&categoryId=31659"><bdi lang="ko">을사늑약</bdi></a>. <i>terms.naver.com</i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=terms.naver.com&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%84%EC%82%AC%EB%8A%91%EC%95%BD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fterms.naver.com%2Fentry.naver%3Fcid%3D40942%26docId%3D1133604%26categoryId%3D31659&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0042959"><bdi lang="ko">을사조약반대운동(乙巳條約反對運動)</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture" title="Encyclopedia of Korean Culture">Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Korean+Culture&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%84%EC%82%AC%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%BD%EB%B0%98%EB%8C%80%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99%28%E4%B9%99%E5%B7%B3%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%8D%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencykorea.aks.ac.kr%2FContents%2FItem%2FE0042959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/3798927"><bdi lang="ko">빌헬름 2세는 고종을 '왕' 아닌 '황제'로 칭했다</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/JoongAng_Ilbo" title="JoongAng Ilbo">JoongAng Ilbo</a></i> (in Korean). 2009-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JoongAng+Ilbo&rft.atitle=%EB%B9%8C%ED%97%AC%EB%A6%84+2%EC%84%B8%EB%8A%94+%EA%B3%A0%EC%A2%85%EC%9D%84+%27%EC%99%95%27+%EC%95%84%EB%8B%8C+%27%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C%27%EB%A1%9C+%EC%B9%AD%ED%96%88%EB%8B%A4&rft.date=2009-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.joongang.co.kr%2Farticle%2F3798927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1905/12/13/archives/korea-repudiates-treaty-emperor-wires-to-mr-hulbert-that-japan.html">"KOREA REPUDIATES TREATY.; Emperor Wires to Mr. Hulbert That Japan Obtained It by Force"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 1905-12-13. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=KOREA+REPUDIATES+TREATY.%3B+Emperor+Wires+to+Mr.+Hulbert+That+Japan+Obtained+It+by+Force.&rft.date=1905-12-13&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1905%2F12%2F13%2Farchives%2Fkorea-repudiates-treaty-emperor-wires-to-mr-hulbert-that-japan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0063241"><bdi lang="ko">헤이그특사사건(─特使事件)</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture" title="Encyclopedia of Korean Culture">Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Korean Regiment Disarmed. Crown Prince Now Emperor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 1907-07-21. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Front+Page+4+%E2%80%93+No+Title%3B+Attempt+to+Murder+Ministers.+Korean+Regiment+Disarmed.+Crown+Prince+Now+Emperor.&rft.date=1907-07-21&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1907%2F07%2F21%2Farchives%2Ffront-page-4-no-title-attempt-to-murder-ministers-korean-regiment.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0061918"><bdi lang="ko">한일신협약(韓日新協約)</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture" title="Encyclopedia of Korean Culture">Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Korean+Culture&rft.atitle=%ED%95%9C%EC%9D%BC%ED%95%A9%EB%B3%91%28%E9%9F%93%E6%97%A5%E5%90%88%E5%80%82%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencykorea.aks.ac.kr%2FContents%2FSearchNavi%3Fkeyword%3D%25ED%2595%259C%25EC%259D%25BC%25ED%2595%25A9%25EB%25B3%2591%26ridx%3D0%26tot%3D6639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSeth2010" class="citation book cs1">Seth, Michael J. (2010-10-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WJtMGXyGlUEC&q=disbanding+of+the+korean+army+1907&pg=PA255"><i>A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-6717-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-6717-7"><bdi>978-0-7425-6717-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Korea%3A+From+Antiquity+to+the+Present&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2010-10-16&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-6717-7&rft.aulast=Seth&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWJtMGXyGlUEC%26q%3Ddisbanding%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bkorean%2Barmy%2B1907%26pg%3DPA255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeltie1900791-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeltie1900791_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeltie1900">Keltie 1900</a>, p. 791.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChu" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">Chu, Zin-oh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.history.go.kr/download.do?levelId=kn_041_0040&fileName=kn_041_0040.pdf"><bdi lang="ko">독립협회와 대한제국의 경제정책 비 연구</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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International Statistics at NationMaster.com"</a>. <i>www.nationmaster.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nationmaster.com&rft.atitle=Countries+Compared+by+Economy+%3E+GDP+per+capita+in+1900.+International+Statistics+at+NationMaster.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationmaster.com%2Fcountry-info%2Fstats%2FEconomy%2FGDP-per-capita-in-1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF배2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">배, 영대 (2017-12-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/22170122"><bdi lang="ko">1901년 서울은 이미 서양인도 감탄한 '근대적 대도시'</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/JoongAng_Ilbo" title="JoongAng Ilbo">JoongAng Ilbo</a></i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JoongAng+Ilbo&rft.atitle=1901%EB%85%84+%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8%EC%9D%80+%EC%9D%B4%EB%AF%B8+%EC%84%9C%EC%96%91%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84+%EA%B0%90%ED%83%84%ED%95%9C+%27%EA%B7%BC%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%81+%EB%8C%80%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C%27&rft.date=2017-12-03&rft.aulast=%EB%B0%B0&rft.aufirst=%EC%98%81%EB%8C%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.joongang.co.kr%2Farticle%2F22170122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=1&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&setId=28&totalCount=28&prevPage=0&prevLimit=&itemId=nh&types=&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&brokerPagingInfo=&levelId=nh_044_0030_0020_0010_0030&position=20"><bdi lang="ko">(3) 상회사의 설립주체</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Korean_History_(book_series)" title="Korean History (book series)"><i>Korean History</i></a> (New ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%283%29+%EC%83%81%ED%9A%8C%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%98+%EC%84%A4%EB%A6%BD%EC%A3%BC%EC%B2%B4&rft.btitle=Korean+History&rft.edition=New&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdb.history.go.kr%2Fitem%2Flevel.do%3Fsort%3DlevelId%26dir%3DASC%26start%3D1%26limit%3D20%26page%3D1%26pre_page%3D1%26setId%3D28%26totalCount%3D28%26prevPage%3D0%26prevLimit%3D%26itemId%3Dnh%26types%3D%26synonym%3Doff%26chinessChar%3Don%26brokerPagingInfo%3D%26levelId%3Dnh_044_0030_0020_0010_0030%26position%3D20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=1&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&setId=-1&totalCount=0&prevPage=0&prevLimit=&itemId=mh&types=&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&brokerPagingInfo=&levelId=mh_008_0040_0010_0010&position=-1"><bdi lang="ko">한국사데이터베이스</bdi></a>. <i>db.history.go.kr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=db.history.go.kr&rft.atitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%82%AC%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdb.history.go.kr%2Fitem%2Flevel.do%3Fsort%3DlevelId%26dir%3DASC%26start%3D1%26limit%3D20%26page%3D1%26pre_page%3D1%26setId%3D-1%26totalCount%3D0%26prevPage%3D0%26prevLimit%3D%26itemId%3Dmh%26types%3D%26synonym%3Doff%26chinessChar%3Don%26brokerPagingInfo%3D%26levelId%3Dmh_008_0040_0010_0010%26position%3D-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=1&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&setId=-1&totalCount=0&prevPage=0&prevLimit=&itemId=mh&types=&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&brokerPagingInfo=&levelId=mh_008_0040_0010_0020&position=-1"><bdi lang="ko">한국사데이터베이스</bdi></a>. <i>db.history.go.kr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=db.history.go.kr&rft.atitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%82%AC%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdb.history.go.kr%2Fitem%2Flevel.do%3Fsort%3DlevelId%26dir%3DASC%26start%3D1%26limit%3D20%26page%3D1%26pre_page%3D1%26setId%3D-1%26totalCount%3D0%26prevPage%3D0%26prevLimit%3D%26itemId%3Dmh%26types%3D%26synonym%3Doff%26chinessChar%3Don%26brokerPagingInfo%3D%26levelId%3Dmh_008_0040_0010_0020%26position%3D-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ibdb-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ibdb_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/gustav-luders-12082">"Gustav Luders – Broadway Cast & Staff | IBDB"</a>. <i>www.ibdb.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ibdb.com&rft.atitle=Gustav+Luders+%E2%80%93+Broadway+Cast+%26+Staff+%26%23124%3B+IBDB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibdb.com%2Fbroadway-cast-staff%2Fgustav-luders-12082&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gsarchive.net/AMT/shogun/index.html">"The Sho-Gun"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sho-Gun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgsarchive.net%2FAMT%2Fshogun%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://postcardhistory.net/2021/08/the-sho-gun-a-1904-broadway-comic-opera/">"The Sho-Gun – A 1904 Broadway Comic Opera | Postcard History"</a>. 12 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sho-Gun+%E2%80%93+A+1904+Broadway+Comic+Opera+%26%23124%3B+Postcard+History&rft.date=2021-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpostcardhistory.net%2F2021%2F08%2Fthe-sho-gun-a-1904-broadway-comic-opera%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/opinion/because/858409.html"><bdi lang="ko">[왜냐면] '미스터 션샤인'과 구한말 한미관계 왜곡 / 최형익</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hankyoreh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hankyoreh">Hankyoreh</a></i>. 2018-08-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hankyoreh&rft.atitle=%5B%EC%99%9C%EB%83%90%EB%A9%B4%5D+%27%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0+%EC%85%98%EC%83%A4%EC%9D%B8%27%EA%B3%BC+%EA%B5%AC%ED%95%9C%EB%A7%90+%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%B8%EA%B4%80%EA%B3%84+%EC%99%9C%EA%B3%A1+%2F+%EC%B5%9C%ED%98%95%EC%9D%B5&rft.date=2018-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hani.co.kr%2Farti%2Fopinion%2Fbecause%2F858409.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://programs.sbs.co.kr/drama/theking/main">"The King: Eternal Monarch"</a>. <i>SBS</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SBS&rft.atitle=The+King%3A+Eternal+Monarch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprograms.sbs.co.kr%2Fdrama%2Ftheking%2Fmain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeltie1900" class="citation book cs1">Keltie, J.S., ed. (1900). <i>The Statesman's Year Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1900</i>. New York: MacMillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Statesman%27s+Year+Book%3A+Statistical+and+Historical+Annual+of+the+States+of+the+World+for+the+Year+1900&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft.date=1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dong-no Kim, John B. Duncan, Do-hyung Kim (2006), <i>Reform and Modernity in the Taehan Empire</i> (<a href="/wiki/Yonsei_University" title="Yonsei University">Yonsei</a> Korean Studies Series No. 2), Seoul: Jimoondang Publishing Company <ul><li>Jae-gon Cho, <i>The Industrial Promotion Policy and Commercial Structure of the Taehan Empire.</i></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKim2006" class="citation journal cs1">Kim, Ki-Seok (Summer 2006). "Emperor Gwangmu's Diplomatic Struggles to Protect His Sovereignty before and after 1905". <i><a href="/wiki/Korea_Journal" title="Korea Journal">Korea Journal</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Korea+Journal&rft.atitle=Emperor+Gwangmu%27s+Diplomatic+Struggles+to+Protect+His+Sovereignty+before+and+after+1905&rft.ssn=summer&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Ki-Seok&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNahm1985" class="citation journal cs1">Nahm, Andrew (October 1985). "The impact of the Taft-Katsura Memorandum on Korea: A reassessment". <i><a href="/wiki/Korea_Journal" title="Korea Journal">Korea Journal</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Korea+Journal&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+the+Taft-Katsura+Memorandum+on+Korea%3A+A+reassessment&rft.date=1985-10&rft.aulast=Nahm&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Pratt" title="Keith Pratt">Pratt, Keith L.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rutt" title="Richard Rutt">Richard Rutt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_Hoare" title="James Hoare">James Hoare</a>. (1999). <i>Korea: a historical and cultural dictionary,</i> Richmond: Curzon Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780700704637" title="Special:BookSources/9780700704637">9780700704637</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780700704644" title="Special:BookSources/9780700704644">9780700704644</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/245844259">OCLC 245844259</a></li> <li>The Special Committee for the Virtual Museum of Korean History (2009), <i>Living in Joseon Part 3: The Virtual Museum of Korean History-11</i>, Paju: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakyejul_Publishing_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakyejul Publishing Ltd. (page does not exist)">Sakyejul Publishing Ltd.</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%88%EC%B6%9C%ED%8C%90%EC%82%AC" class="extiw" title="ko:사계절출판사">ko</a>]</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYi2012" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script">Yi, Ha-kyoung (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s-space.snu.ac.kr/bitstream/10371/90263/1/8.%20%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD%20%EC%8B%9C%EA%B8%B0%20%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC%EA%B6%8C%20%EA%B0%95%ED%99%94%EC%99%80%20%EB%AF%BC%EA%B6%8C%20%ED%99%95%EB%8C%80%20%EB%85%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%98%20%EC%A0%84%EA%B0%9C%20%EC%A3%BC%EA%B6%8C%EB%A1%A0%EC%9D%84%20%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%9C%BC%EB%A1%9C.pdf"><bdi lang="ko">대한제국 시기 군주권 강화와 민권 확대 논의의 전개: 주권론을 중심으로; Power of King and the People in the Daehan Empire: Focusing on the Theory of Sovereignty</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Seoul National University: S-Space</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812172623/http://s-space.snu.ac.kr/bitstream/10371/90263/1/8.%20%eb%8c%80%ed%95%9c%ec%a0%9c%ea%b5%ad%20%ec%8b%9c%ea%b8%b0%20%ea%b5%b0%ec%a3%bc%ea%b6%8c%20%ea%b0%95%ed%99%94%ec%99%80%20%eb%af%bc%ea%b6%8c%20%ed%99%95%eb%8c%80%20%eb%85%bc%ec%9d%98%ec%9d%98%20%ec%a0%84%ea%b0%9c%20%ec%a3%bc%ea%b6%8c%eb%a1%a0%ec%9d%84%20%ec%a4%91%ec%8b%ac%ec%9c%bc%eb%a1%9c.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on August 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2022</span> – via 서울대학교 한국정치연구소.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seoul+National+University%3A+S-Space&rft.atitle=%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD+%EC%8B%9C%EA%B8%B0+%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC%EA%B6%8C+%EA%B0%95%ED%99%94%EC%99%80+%EB%AF%BC%EA%B6%8C+%ED%99%95%EB%8C%80+%EB%85%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%98+%EC%A0%84%EA%B0%9C%3A+%EC%A3%BC%EA%B6%8C%EB%A1%A0%EC%9D%84+%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%9C%BC%EB%A1%9C%3B+Power+of+King+and+the+People+in+the+Daehan+Empire%3A+Focusing+on+the+Theory+of+Sovereignty&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Yi&rft.aufirst=Ha-kyoung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs-space.snu.ac.kr%2Fbitstream%2F10371%2F90263%2F1%2F8.%2520%25EB%258C%2580%25ED%2595%259C%25EC%25A0%259C%25EA%25B5%25AD%2520%25EC%258B%259C%25EA%25B8%25B0%2520%25EA%25B5%25B0%25EC%25A3%25BC%25EA%25B6%258C%2520%25EA%25B0%2595%25ED%2599%2594%25EC%2599%2580%2520%25EB%25AF%25BC%25EA%25B6%258C%2520%25ED%2599%2595%25EB%258C%2580%2520%25EB%2585%25BC%25EC%259D%2598%25EC%259D%2598%2520%25EC%25A0%2584%25EA%25B0%259C%2520%25EC%25A3%25BC%25EA%25B6%258C%25EB%25A1%25A0%25EC%259D%2584%2520%25EC%25A4%2591%25EC%258B%25AC%25EC%259C%25BC%25EB%25A1%259C.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHulbert1906" class="citation book cs1">Hulbert, Homer (1906). <i>The Passing of Korea</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Passing+of+Korea&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Hulbert&rft.aufirst=Homer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHulbert1904" class="citation book cs1">Hulbert, Homer B. (1904). <i>The Korea Review</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Korea+Review&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Hulbert&rft.aufirst=Homer+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKim1962" class="citation journal cs1">Kim, C.I. Eugene (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/985211">"Japanese Rule in Korea (1905–1910): A Case Study"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society</i>. <b>106</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">53–</span>59. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/985211">985211</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.atitle=Japanese+Rule+in+Korea+%281905%E2%80%931910%29%3A+A+Case+Study&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E53-%3C%2Fspan%3E59&rft.date=1962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F985211%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=C.I.+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F985211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241204171503/http://www.pca-mna.org/korean/GreatRevival.pdf">The Great Revival Movement of 1907 And its Historical Impact on Korean Church</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kingdom of Armenia (disambiguation)">Armenian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satrapy_of_Armenia" title="Satrapy of Armenia">Orontid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Ancient</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Assyrian_Empire" title="Middle Assyrian Empire">Middle Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Babylonian_Empire" title="Old Babylonian Empire">Old Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassites" title="Kassites">Kassite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Empire" title="Chinese Empire">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Jin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%CA%BFmt" title="Dʿmt">Dʿmt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsha" title="Harsha">Harsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)#Empire" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Bactrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Huns" title="History of the Huns">Hunnic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hephthalites" title="Hephthalites">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Persian Empire (disambiguation)">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Median_kingdom" title="Median kingdom">Median</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Kush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan</a></li> <li>Magadha <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haryanka_dynasty" title="Haryanka dynasty">Haryanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaishunaga_dynasty" title="Shaishunaga dynasty">Shaishunaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Empire" title="Nanda Empire">Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunga_Empire" title="Shunga Empire">Shunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthaginian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satavahana_dynasty" title="Satavahana dynasty">Satavahana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Ur" title="Third Dynasty of Ur">Neo-Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate" title="Rouran Khaganate">Rouran</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_history" title="Post-classical history">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist F" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angevin_Empire" title="Angevin Empire">Angevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kingdom of Armenia (disambiguation)">Armenian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagratid_Armenia" title="Bagratid Armenia">Bagratid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Vaspurakan" title="Kingdom of Vaspurakan">Vaspurakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Artsakh" title="Kingdom of Artsakh">Artsakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Cilician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakarid_Armenia" title="Zakarid Armenia">Zakarid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Benin" title="Kingdom of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire#Shift_of_the_Sayfuwa_court_from_Kanem_to_Bornu" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Bornu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Sultanate_(1368%E2%80%931888)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888)">Bruneian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bulgarian Empire (disambiguation)">Bulgarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Burmese Empire (disambiguation)">Burmese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan Kingdom">First</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calakmul" title="Calakmul">Calakmul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire" title="Western Chalukya Empire">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Chalukyas" title="Eastern Chalukyas">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Empire" title="Chinese Empire">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jīn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chola_Empire" title="Chola Empire">Chola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Aksum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagwe_dynasty" title="Zagwe dynasty">Zagwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Solomonic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garabito_Empire" title="Garabito Empire">Huetar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Struggle" title="Tripartite Struggle">Kannauj</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurjara-Pratihara_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty">Gurjara-Pratihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_Empire" title="Rashtrakuta Empire">Rashtrakuta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Persian Empire (disambiguation)">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tahirid_dynasty" title="Tahirid dynasty">Tahirid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffarid_dynasty" title="Saffarid dynasty">Saffarid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanid_Empire" title="Samanid Empire">Samanid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty" title="Buyid dynasty">Buyid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_period" title="Yamato period">Yamato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_shogunate" title="Kamakura shogunate">Kamakura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_shogunate" title="Ashikaga shogunate">Muromachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Edo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Kanem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania" title="History of Lithuania">Lithuanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Morocco" title="History of Morocco">Moroccan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idrisid_dynasty" title="Idrisid dynasty">Idrisid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norgesveldet" class="mw-redirect" title="Norgesveldet">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Empire" title="North Sea Empire">North Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo_Empire" title="Oyo Empire">Oyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland" title="History of Poland">Polish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Kingdom of Poland">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Thessalonica" title="Empire of Thessalonica">Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Trebizond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_the_Morea" title="Despotate of the Morea">Morea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Germanic_culture" title="Romano-Germanic culture">Romano-Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singhasari" title="Singhasari">Singhasari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songhai_Empire" title="Songhai Empire">Songhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikal" title="Tikal">Tikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwanaku_Empire" title="Tiwanaku Empire">Tiwanaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toltec_Empire" title="Toltec Empire">Toltec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turco-Persian_tradition" title="Turco-Persian tradition">Turco-Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Great Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarezmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Turkic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Turkic_Khaganate" title="First Turkic Khaganate">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Eastern Turkic Khaganate">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrgesh" title="Türgesh">Türgesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uighur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Khaganate" title="Kyrgyz Khaganate">Kyrgyz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Vietnamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90inh_dynasty" title="Đinh dynasty">Dinh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Early Lê dynasty">Early Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_dynasty" title="Trần dynasty">Tran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_dynasty" title="Hồ dynasty">Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Tr%E1%BA%A7n_dynasty" title="Later Trần dynasty">Later Tran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Later Le</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Empire" title="Ghana Empire">Wagadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wari_Empire" title="Wari Empire">Wari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_era" title="Modern era">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist F" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashanti Empire">Ashanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Burmese Empire (disambiguation)">Burmese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Toungoo_Empire" title="First Toungoo Empire">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Empire" title="Central African Empire">Central African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Empire" title="Chinese Empire">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_China_(1915%E2%80%931916)" title="Empire of China (1915–1916)">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_imperialism" title="Chinese imperialism">Contemporary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haiti" title="History of Haiti">Haitian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Empire_of_Haiti" title="First Empire of Haiti">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_France" title="History of France">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany" title="History of Germany">German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Persian_culture" title="Indo-Persian culture">Indo-Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afsharid_Iran" title="Afsharid Iran">Afsharid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zand_dynasty" title="Zand dynasty">Zand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexico" title="History of Mexico">Mexican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" title="First Mexican Empire">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Yuan" title="Northern Yuan">Mongol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oirat_Confederation" title="Oirat Confederation">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut_Khanate" title="Khoshut Khanate">Khoshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Khanate" title="Kalmyk Khanate">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khanate_of_Mongolia" title="Bogd Khanate of Mongolia">Bogd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Morocco" title="History of Morocco">Moroccan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saadi_Sultanate" title="Saadi Sultanate">Saadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alawi_Sultanate" title="Alawi Sultanate">'Alawi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia" title="History of Russia">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsarist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism#Contemporary_Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Contemporary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Somalia" title="History of Somalia">Somali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaaq_Sultanate" title="Isaaq Sultanate">Isaaq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tu%CA%BBi_Tonga_Empire" title="Tuʻi Tonga Empire">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Vietnamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BA%A1c_dynasty" title="Mạc dynasty">Mạc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Revival Lê dynasty">Revival Lê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_S%C6%A1n_dynasty" title="Tây Sơn dynasty">Tay Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Dainam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Vietnam" title="Empire of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Colonial28" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colonial_empire" title="Colonial empire">Colonial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._imperialism" title="U.S. imperialism">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_colonial_empire" title="Belgian colonial empire">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_overseas_possessions" title="English overseas possessions">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Scottish colonization of the Americas">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Empire" title="Chinese Empire">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_overseas_colonies" title="Danish overseas colonies">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonial_empire" title="Dutch colonial empire">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_colonial_empire" title="German colonial empire">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_colonial_empire" title="Japanese colonial empire">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_Empire" title="Omani Empire">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curonian_colonisation" title="Curonian colonisation">Couronian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_attempts_by_Poland" title="Colonization attempts by Poland">attempts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_overseas_colonies" title="Swedish overseas colonies">Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist F" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_empires" title="List of empires">Empires</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_empires" title="List of largest empires">largest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_great_powers" title="List of ancient great powers">Ancient great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_great_powers" title="List of medieval great powers">Medieval great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_great_powers" title="List of modern great powers">Modern great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_colonialism" title="History of colonialism">European colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_empires" class="mw-redirect" title="African empires">African empires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist F" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"Empire" as a description of foreign policy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._imperialism" title="U.S. imperialism">American Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_empire" title="Soviet empire">Soviet empire</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Korean_Empire75" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Korean_Empire" title="Template:Korean Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Korean_Empire" title="Template talk:Korean Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Korean_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Korean Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Korean_Empire75" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Korean Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Korea" title="History of Korea">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Joseon_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Joseon dynasty">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Korean_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the Korean Empire">Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Korea" title="Provinces of Korea">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwangmu_Reform" title="Gwangmu Reform">Reforms</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Korea_(1899).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of the Korean Empire in 1899." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="567" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Korean invasion of Manchuria">Korean invasion of Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Namdaemun" title="Battle of Namdaemun">Battle of Namdaemun</a> (1907)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Emperors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gojong_of_Korea" title="Gojong of Korea">Gojong of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunjong_of_Korea" title="Sunjong of Korea">Sunjong of Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yun_Yong-seon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yun Yong-seon (page does not exist)">Yun Yong-seon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Kyu-seol" title="Han Kyu-seol">Han Kyu-seol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pak_Chesoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pak Chesoon">Pak Chesoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Wanyong" class="mw-redirect" title="Ye Wanyong">Ye Wanyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Young-hwan" title="Min Young-hwan">Min Young-hwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Sang-ho" title="Min Sang-ho">Min Sang-ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shim_Soon-taek" class="mw-redirect" title="Shim Soon-taek">Shim Soon-taek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Yong-ik" title="Yi Yong-ik">Yi Yong-ik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yun_Ung-nyeol" title="Yun Ung-nyeol">Yun Ung-nyeol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_Byeong-jun" title="Song Byeong-jun">Song Byeong-jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Kil-chun" title="Yu Kil-chun">Yu Kil-chun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Kyu-seol" title="Han Kyu-seol">Han Kyu-seol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yun_Ung-nyeol" title="Yun Ung-nyeol">Yun Ung-nyeol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Jong-geon" title="Yi Jong-geon">Yi Jong-geon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Hak-gyun" title="Yi Hak-gyun">Yi Hak-gyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Young-hwan" title="Min Young-hwan">Min Young-hwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Putyata" title="Dmitry Putyata">Dmitry Putyata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Byeong-mu" title="Yi Byeong-mu">Yi Byeong-mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Marshals" title="Board of Marshals">Board of Marshals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gungnaebu" class="mw-redirect" title="Gungnaebu">Ministry of Imperial Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Military_(Korean_Empire)" title="Ministry of Military (Korean Empire)">Ministry of Military</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchies295" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchies" title="Template:Monarchies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchies" title="Template talk:Monarchies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchies295" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states" title="List of current monarchs of sovereign states">List of current sovereign monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign monarchs">List of current non-sovereign monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchy_referendums" title="List of monarchy referendums">List of monarchy referendums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarchy" title="Diarchy">Diarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">Elective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-sovereign_monarchy" title="Non-sovereign monarchy">Non-sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">Personal union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">Abdication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Abolition of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_monarchy" title="Criticism of monarchy">Criticism of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">Democratization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legitimacy (political)">Legitimacy (political)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Order of succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-proclaimed_monarchy" title="Self-proclaimed monarchy">Self-proclaimed monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati" title="Chhatrapati">Chhatrapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">Queen regnant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_regnant" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince regnant">Prince regnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Africa145" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Africa" title="Monarchies in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Morocco" title="King of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_constituent_African_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current constituent African monarchs">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Asia" title="Monarchies in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bahrain" title="King of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bhutan" title="King of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sultans_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sultans of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Cambodia" title="Monarchy of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Jordan" title="List of kings of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Kuwait" title="Emir of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Oman" title="List of rulers of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Qatar" title="Emir of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="President of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_Asian_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign Asian monarchs">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Europe" title="Monarchies in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Princes of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereigns_of_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereigns of Vatican City State">Vatican City (Holy See)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Oceania" title="Monarchies in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Tonga" title="List of monarchs of Tonga">Tonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belize" title="Monarchy of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Monarchy in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Niuean_monarchs" title="List of Niuean monarchs">Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Monarchy of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Monarchy of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Tuvalu" title="Monarchy of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Former</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Emirate" title="Adamawa Emirate">Adamawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankole" title="Ankole">Ankole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Aussa" title="Sultanate of Aussa">Aussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bagirmi" title="Sultanate of Bagirmi">Bagirmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barotseland" title="Barotseland">Barotseland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Bornu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burundi" title="Kingdom of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Empire" title="Central African Empire">Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">Dahomey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Empire" title="Ghana Empire">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gomma" title="Kingdom of Gomma">Gomma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gumma" title="Kingdom of Gumma">Gumma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Refreshment" title="Islands of Refreshment">Islands of Refreshment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaffa" title="Kingdom of Kaffa">Kaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya" title="Kingdom of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luba" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Luba">Luba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merina_Kingdom" title="Merina Kingdom">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte#History" title="Mayotte">Maore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maravi" title="Maravi">Maravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moh%C3%A9li#History" title="Mohéli">Mwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjouan#Early_and_colonial_history" title="Anjouan">Ndzuwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Comore#History" title="Grande Comore">Ngazidja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rwanda" title="Kingdom of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilluk_Kingdom" title="Shilluk Kingdom">Shilluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tunisia" title="Kingdom of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wituland" title="Wituland">Wituland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassoulou_Empire" title="Wassoulou Empire">Wassoulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeke_Kingdom" title="Yeke Kingdom">Yeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar" title="Sultanate of Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe" title="Kingdom of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_kingdoms_in_pre-colonial_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa">and other</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Araucan%C3%ADa_and_Patagonia" title="Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia">Araucanía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Miskito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Talamanca" title="Kingdom of Talamanca">Talamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Trinidad" title="Principality of Trinidad">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idrisid_Emirate_of_Asir" title="Idrisid Emirate of Asir">Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara" title="Emirate of Bukhara">Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_(historical_polity)" title="Cebu (historical polity)">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_dynasty" title="Shihab dynasty">Chehab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_China" title="Monarchy of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapitan_Kingdom" title="Dapitan Kingdom">Dapitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_monarchies" title="List of Indonesian monarchies">Indonesia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Iran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Jabal_Shammar" title="Emirate of Jabal Shammar">Jabal Shammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathiri" title="Kathiri">Kathiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khiva</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kurdistan" title="Kingdom of Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Laos" title="Kingdom of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahra_Sultanate" title="Mahra Sultanate">Mahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maldivian_monarchs" title="List of Maldivian monarchs">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khanate_of_Mongolia" title="Bogd Khanate of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Najran" title="Principality of Najran">Najran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%27aiti" title="Qu'aiti">Qu'aiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom" title="Ryukyu Kingdom">Ryukyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shan_States" title="Shan States">Shan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_monarchy" title="Sinhalese monarchy">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sip_Song_Chau_Tai" title="Sip Song Chau Tai">Sip Song Chau Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Kingdom_of_Syria" title="Arab Kingdom of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikdom_of_Upper_Asir" title="Sheikdom of Upper Asir">Upper Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Yafa" title="Upper Yafa">Upper Yafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Vietnam" title="List of monarchs of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yemen" title="Kingdom of Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_of_South_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirates of South Arabia">Emirates of South Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia" title="Federation of South Arabia">South Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bosnia" title="Kingdom of Bosnia">Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Corsica_(1736)" title="Kingdom of Corsica (1736)">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Finland_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Finland (1918)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iceland" title="Kingdom of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Imereti" title="Kingdom of Imereti">Imereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ireland" title="Monarchy of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli-Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti">Kartli-Kakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Majorca" title="Kingdom of Majorca">Majorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel#History" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Piedmont-Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland–Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Samos" title="Principality of Samos">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tavolara" title="Kingdom of Tavolara">Tavolara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Baltic_Duchy" title="United Baltic Duchy">United Baltic Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abemama" title="Abemama">Abemama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bora_Bora" title="Kingdom of Bora Bora">Bora Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Easter_Island" title="King of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Fiji" title="Kingdom of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huahine" title="Huahine">Huahine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangareva" title="Mangareva">Mangareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niuē-Fekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuku_Hiva" title="Nuku Hiva">Nuku Hiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Raiatea" title="List of monarchs of Raiatea">Raiatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Iti" title="Rapa Iti">Rapa Iti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rarotonga" title="Kingdom of Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimatara" title="Rimatara">Rimatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rurutu" title="Rurutu">Rurutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tahiti" title="Kingdom of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahuata" title="Tahuata">Tahuata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commonwealth realms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Barbados" title="Monarchy of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">Ceylon</a> (Sri Lanka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Fiji" title="Monarchy of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Gambia" title="Queen of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Ghana" title="Queen of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Guyana" title="Queen of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_princely_states_of_British_India_(alphabetical)" title="List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)">princely states</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> / <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Kenya" title="Queen of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malawi" title="Queen of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malta" title="Queen of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Mauritius" title="Queen of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Rhodesia" title="Queen of Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Queen of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_South_Africa" title="Monarchy of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Tanganyika" title="Queen of Tanganyika">Tanganyika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Queen of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Uganda" title="Queen of Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox399" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28233#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH2000037704">Korea</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Korean_Empire&params=37_32_N_126_59_E_type:country"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°32′N</span> <span class="longitude">126°59′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.533°N 126.983°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.533; 126.983</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&oldid=1278435534">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Korean_Empire&oldid=1278435534</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Korean_Empire" title="Category:Korean Empire">Korean Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1897" 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