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id="toc-1950–present:_High-technology_advancements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950–present:_High-technology_advancements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1950–present: High-technology advancements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950–present:_High-technology_advancements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Car_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Car_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Car types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Car_types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Car types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Car_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Passenger-carrying_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Passenger-carrying_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Passenger-carrying types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Passenger-carrying_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Coach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Open_coach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Open_coach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.1</span> <span>Open coach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Open_coach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compartment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compartment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.2</span> <span>Compartment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compartment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compartment_coach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compartment_coach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.3</span> <span>Compartment coach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compartment_coach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.4</span> <span>Composite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dining_car" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dining_car"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Dining car</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dining_car-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lounge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lounge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Lounge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lounge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Observation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Observation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Observation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sleeping_car" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sleeping_car"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Sleeping car</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sleeping_car-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trailer_car" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trailer_car"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.6</span> <span>Trailer car</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trailer_car-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Head-end_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Head-end_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Head-end equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Head-end_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Baggage_car" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baggage_car"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Baggage car</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baggage_car-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Express_car" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Express_car"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Express car</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Express_car-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prisoner_car" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prisoner_car"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Prisoner car</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prisoner_car-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway_post_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway_post_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Railway post office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway_post_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specialized_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specialized_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Specialized types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specialized_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colonist_Car" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonist_Car"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Colonist Car</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonist_Car-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Combine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Control_car_(cab)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Control_car_(cab)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Control car (cab)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Control_car_(cab)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dome_car" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dome_car"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Dome car</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dome_car-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Double-decker_or_bilevel_coach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Double-decker_or_bilevel_coach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.5</span> <span>Double-decker or bilevel coach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Double-decker_or_bilevel_coach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drovers'_car" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drovers'_car"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.6</span> <span>Drovers' car</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drovers'_car-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hospital_car" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hospital_car"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.7</span> <span>Hospital car</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hospital_car-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_car" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_car"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.8</span> <span>Private car</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_car-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Troop_sleeper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Troop_sleeper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.9</span> <span>Troop sleeper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Troop_sleeper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Car_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Car_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Car technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Car_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articulated" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articulated"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Articulated</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articulated-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Low-floor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Low-floor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Low-floor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Low-floor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Self-propelled_passenger_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Self-propelled_passenger_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>Self-propelled passenger equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Self-propelled_passenger_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tilting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tilting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.4</span> <span>Tilting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tilting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lighting,_heating,_air-conditioning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lighting,_heating,_air-conditioning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lighting, heating, air-conditioning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lighting,_heating,_air-conditioning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Passenger railroad car</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="عربة ركاب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عربة ركاب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Пасажырскі вагон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пасажырскі вагон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putni%C4%8Dki_vagon" title="Putnički vagon – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Putnički vagon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osobn%C3%AD_v%C5%AFz_(%C5%BEeleznice)" title="Osobní vůz (železnice) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Osobní vůz (železnice)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personvogn" title="Personvogn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Personvogn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reisezugwagen" title="Reisezugwagen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reisezugwagen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reisivagun" title="Reisivagun – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Reisivagun" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coche_de_pasajeros" title="Coche de pasajeros – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Coche de pasajeros" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D9%87%D9%86" title="واگن مسافربری راه‌آهن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واگن مسافربری راه‌آهن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiture_de_chemin_de_fer" title="Voiture de chemin de fer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Voiture de chemin de fer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%9D%EC%B0%A8" title="객차 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="객차" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putni%C4%8Dki_vagon" title="Putnički vagon – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Putnički vagon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kereta_penumpang" title="Kereta penumpang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kereta penumpang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrozza_ferroviaria" title="Carrozza ferroviaria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carrozza ferroviaria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%92%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სამგზავრო ვაგონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სამგზავრო ვაგონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szem%C3%A9lykocsi" title="Személykocsi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Személykocsi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoorwegrijtuig" title="Spoorwegrijtuig – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spoorwegrijtuig" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%BB%8A" title="客車 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="客車" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagon_osobowy" title="Wagon osobowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wagon osobowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carruagem_(caminho_de_ferro)" title="Carruagem (caminho de ferro) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carruagem (caminho de ferro)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Пассажирский вагон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пассажирский вагон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passenger_car" title="Passenger car – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Passenger car" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putni%C4%8Dka_kola" title="Putnička kola – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Putnička kola" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putni%C4%8Dki_vagon" title="Putnički vagon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" 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mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Railway vehicle for conveying passengers</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Passenger+railroad+car%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Passenger_railroad_car" title="Talk:Passenger railroad car">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auto_Train_lounge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Auto_Train_lounge.jpg/220px-Auto_Train_lounge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Auto_Train_lounge.jpg/330px-Auto_Train_lounge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Auto_Train_lounge.jpg/440px-Auto_Train_lounge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Superliner_(railcar)" title="Superliner (railcar)">Superliner</a> double-deck auto-train <a href="/wiki/Lounge_car" title="Lounge car">lounge car</a> operated by <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carrozzaz1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Carrozzaz1.jpg/220px-Carrozzaz1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Carrozzaz1.jpg/330px-Carrozzaz1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Carrozzaz1.jpg/440px-Carrozzaz1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Rail transport</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aiga_railtransportation_25.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Aiga_railtransportation_25.svg/65px-Aiga_railtransportation_25.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Aiga_railtransportation_25.svg/98px-Aiga_railtransportation_25.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Aiga_railtransportation_25.svg/130px-Aiga_railtransportation_25.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="472" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport" title="History of rail transport">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_company" title="Rail transport company">Company types</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Infrastructure</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Railway_infrastructure_manager" title="Railway infrastructure manager">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_yard" title="Rail yard">Rail yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_station" title="Train station">Railway station</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_railway_stations" title="List of railway stations">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_track" title="Railway track">Railway track</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Railway_track#Maintenance" title="Railway track">Maintenance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Service and <a href="/wiki/Rolling_stock" title="Rolling stock">rolling stock</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogie" title="Bogie">Bogie (truck)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_coupling" title="Railway coupling">Couplings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freight_rail_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Freight rail transport">Freight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locomotive" title="Locomotive">Locomotives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_unit" title="Multiple unit">Multiple units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_train" title="Passenger train">Passenger train</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">Commuter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">High-speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-city_rail" title="Inter-city rail">Inter-city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_rail" title="Regional rail">Regional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_subsidies" title="Rail subsidies">Rail subsidies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroad_car" title="Railroad car">Railroad cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_undertaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway undertaking">Operating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train" title="Train">Trains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maglev" title="Maglev">Maglev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monorail" title="Monorail">Monorail</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Urban_rail_transit" title="Urban rail transit">Urban rail transit</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">Tram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_trams" title="History of trams">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">Light rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interurban" title="Interurban">Interurban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Rapid transit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rapid_transit" title="History of rapid transit">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automated_guideway_transit" title="Automated guideway transit">Automated</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Miscellanea</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_rail_accidents" title="Lists of rail accidents">Accidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Railroad_attractions" title="Category:Railroad attractions">Attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_by_country" title="Rail transport by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_railway_companies" title="List of railway companies">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high-speed_trains" title="List of high-speed trains">List of high-speed trains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longest_train_services" title="Longest train services">Longest train services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_modelling" title="Rail transport modelling">Modelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_railway_museums" title="List of railway museums">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_screen_doors" title="Platform screen doors">Platform screen doors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_speed_record" title="Railway speed record">Railway speed record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_suicide" title="Rail suicide">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_rail_transport_terms" title="Glossary of rail transport terms">Terminology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Australian_railway_terms" title="Glossary of Australian railway terms">AU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_North_American_railway_terms" title="Glossary of North American railway terms">NA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_New_Zealand_railway_terms" title="Glossary of New Zealand railway terms">NZ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_United_Kingdom_railway_terms" title="Glossary of United Kingdom railway terms">UK</a>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Train_topics" title="Template:Train topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Train_topics" title="Template talk:Train topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Train_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Train topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>passenger railroad car</b> or <b>passenger car</b> (<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>), also called a <b>passenger carriage</b>, <b>passenger coach</b> (<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Railways" title="International Union of Railways">International Union of Railways</a>), or <b>passenger bogie</b> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">Indian English</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Railroad_car" title="Railroad car">railroad car</a> that is designed to carry <a href="/wiki/Passengers" class="mw-redirect" title="Passengers">passengers</a>, usually giving them space to sit on <a href="/wiki/Train_seat" title="Train seat">train seats</a>. The term <i>passenger car</i> can also be associated with a <a href="/wiki/Sleeping_car" title="Sleeping car">sleeping car</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Baggage_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Baggage car">baggage car</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Dining_car" title="Dining car">dining car</a>, <a href="/wiki/Railway_post_office" title="Railway post office">railway post office</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_transport" title="Prisoner transport">prisoner transport</a> cars. </p><p>The first passenger cars were built in the early 1800s with the advent of the first railroads, and were small and little more than converted freight cars. Early passenger cars were constructed from wood; in the 1900s construction shifted to steel and later aluminum for improved strength. Passenger cars have increased greatly in size from their earliest versions, with modern bi-level passenger cars capable of carrying over 100 passengers. Amenities for passengers have also improved over time, with developments such as lighting, heating, and air conditioning added for improved passenger comfort. In some systems a choice is given between <a href="/wiki/Railroad_car#First-_and_second-class_carriages" title="Railroad car">first- and second-class carriages</a>, with a premium being paid for the former. </p><p>In some countries, such as the UK, coaching stock that is designed, converted or adapted to not carry passengers, is referred to as "NPCS" (non-passenger coaching stock); similarly, in the US, some maintenance (engineering) stock can be known as "MOW" (maintenance of way). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century:_First_passenger_cars_and_early_development">19th century: First passenger cars and early development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 19th century: First passenger cars and early development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Passenger_car_GN_3261_20041010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Passenger_car_GN_3261_20041010.jpg/220px-Passenger_car_GN_3261_20041010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Passenger_car_GN_3261_20041010.jpg/330px-Passenger_car_GN_3261_20041010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Passenger_car_GN_3261_20041010.jpg/440px-Passenger_car_GN_3261_20041010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="597" /></a><figcaption>Restored <a href="/wiki/Clerestory#Transportation" title="Clerestory">clerestory cars</a> on display at the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Continent_Railway_Museum" title="Mid-Continent Railway Museum">Mid-Continent Railway Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Freedom,_Wisconsin" title="North Freedom, Wisconsin">North Freedom, Wisconsin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Up until about the end of the 19th century, most passenger cars were constructed of wood. The first passenger trains did not travel very far, but they were able to haul many more passengers for a longer distance than <a href="/wiki/Wagon" title="Wagon">wagons</a> pulled by <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horses</a>. </p><p>As railways were first constructed in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, so too were the first passenger cars. One of the early coach designs was the "Stanhope". It featured a roof and small holes in the floor for drainage when it rained, and had separate compartments for different classes of travel. The only problem with this design is that the passengers were expected to stand for their entire trip. The first passenger cars in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> resembled <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach" title="Stagecoach">stagecoaches</a>. They were short, often less than 10 ft (3.05 m) long and had two <a href="/wiki/Wheelset_(rail_transport)" title="Wheelset (rail transport)">axles</a>. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> company developed the first design for <a href="/wiki/Sleeping_car" title="Sleeping car">sleeping carriages</a>, called "bed-carriages", which were built in 1838 for the <a href="/wiki/London_and_Birmingham_Railway" title="London and Birmingham Railway">London and Birmingham Railway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Junction_Railway" title="Grand Junction Railway">Grand Junction Railway</a>. When made up for sleeping, the foot of the bed was extended into a boot section at the end of the carriage. The cars were still too short to allow more than two or three beds to be positioned end to end. </p><p>Britain's <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mail" title="Royal Mail">Royal Mail</a> commissioned and built the first <a href="/wiki/Travelling_post_office" class="mw-redirect" title="Travelling post office">travelling post office</a> cars in the late 1840s as well. These cars resembled <a href="/wiki/Coach_(rail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coach (rail)">coaches</a> in their short wheelbase and exterior design, but were equipped with nets on the sides of the cars to catch mail bags while the train was in motion. American <a href="/wiki/Railway_post_office" title="Railway post office">RPOs</a>, first appearing in the 1860s, also featured equipment to catch mail bags at speed, but the American design more closely resembled a large hook that would catch the mailbag in its crook. When not in use, the hook would swivel down against the side of the car to prevent it from catching obstacles. </p><p>As locomotive technology progressed in the mid-19th century, trains grew in length and weight. Passenger cars, particularly in America, grew along with them, first getting longer with the addition of a second <a href="/wiki/Bogie" title="Bogie">truck</a> (one at each end), and wider as their suspensions improved. Cars built for European use featured side door compartments, while American car design favored what was called a train coach, a single long cabin with rows of seats, with doors located at the ends of the car. Early American sleeping cars were not compartmented, but by the end of the 19th century they were. The compartments in the later sleepers were accessed from a side hall running the length of the cars, similar to the design of European cars well into the 20th century. </p><p>Many American passenger trains, particularly the long distance ones, included a car at the end of the train called an observation car. Until about the 1930s, these had an open-air platform at the rear, the "observation platform". These evolved into the closed end car, usually with a rounded end which was still called an "observation car". The interiors of observation cars varied. Many had special chairs and tables. </p><p>The end platforms of all passenger cars changed around the turn of the 20th century. Older cars had open platforms between cars. Passengers would enter and leave a car through a door at the end of the car which led to a narrow platform. Steps on either side of the platform were used for getting on or off the train, and one might hop from one car platform to another. Later cars had enclosed platforms called <a href="/wiki/Vestibuled_train" title="Vestibuled train">vestibules</a> which together with <a href="/wiki/Gangway_connection" title="Gangway connection">gangway connections</a> allowed passengers not only to enter and exit the train protected from the elements, but also to move more easily between cars with the same protection. </p><p>Dining cars first appeared in the late 1870s and into the 1880s. Until this time, the common practice was to stop for meals at restaurants along the way (which led to the rise of <a href="/wiki/Fred_Harvey_(entrepreneur)" title="Fred Harvey (entrepreneur)">Fred Harvey</a>'s chain of <a href="/wiki/Fred_Harvey_Company" title="Fred Harvey Company">Harvey House</a> restaurants in America). At first, the dining car was simply a place to serve meals that were picked up en route, but they soon evolved to include galleys in which the meals were prepared. The introduction of <a href="/wiki/Vestibuled_train" title="Vestibuled train">vestibuled cars</a>, which for the first time allowed easy movement from car to car, aided the adoption of dining cars, lounge cars, and other specialized cars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1900–1950:_Transition_from_wood_to_steel,_new_car_types"><span id="1900.E2.80.931950:_Transition_from_wood_to_steel.2C_new_car_types"></span>1900–1950: Transition from wood to steel, new car types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1900–1950: Transition from wood to steel, new car types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pioneer_Zephyr,_observation_end.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Pioneer_Zephyr%2C_observation_end.jpg/220px-Pioneer_Zephyr%2C_observation_end.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Pioneer_Zephyr%2C_observation_end.jpg/330px-Pioneer_Zephyr%2C_observation_end.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Pioneer_Zephyr%2C_observation_end.jpg/440px-Pioneer_Zephyr%2C_observation_end.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The observation car from the <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Burlington_and_Quincy_Railroad" title="Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad">CB&Q</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Zephyr" title="Pioneer Zephyr">Pioneer Zephyr</a></i>. The carbody was made of <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a> in 1934; it is seen here at Chicago's <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Science_and_Industry_(Chicago)" title="Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago)">Museum of Science and Industry</a> in 2003.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marskin_salonkivaunu.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Marskin_salonkivaunu.JPG/220px-Marskin_salonkivaunu.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Marskin_salonkivaunu.JPG/330px-Marskin_salonkivaunu.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Marskin_salonkivaunu.JPG/440px-Marskin_salonkivaunu.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marshal_Mannerheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshal Mannerheim">Marshal Mannerheim</a>'s saloon coach from 1939 to 1946 in <a href="/wiki/Sastamala" title="Sastamala">Sastamala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 1900s, safety concerns led the railroad industry to transition from wood to steel construction. Steel was heavier but this transition took place simultaneously with a transition to higher-powered locomotives. The Pennsylvania Railroad began building all-steel passenger cars in 1906 due to concerns about fire in the tunnels it was building to access Manhattan's Pennsylvania Station, which opened in 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other railroads followed because steel cars were safer in accidents. During a transition period, some railroads put steel frames underneath wooden cars.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1920s, passenger cars on the larger <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> railroads were normally between 60 ft (18.3 m) and 70 ft (21.3 m) long. The cars of this time were still quite ornate, many of them being built by experienced coach makers and skilled carpenters.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the United States, the so-called "chair car" with individual seating became commonplace on long-distance routes.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the 1930s came the widespread use of <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a> for car bodies. The typical passenger car was now much lighter than its carbon-steel cousins of old, though still much heavier than nineteenth-century wooden cars. The new "lightweight" and <a href="/wiki/Streamliner" title="Streamliner">streamlined</a> cars carried passengers in speed and comfort to an extent that had not been experienced to date. <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">Aluminum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cor-Ten_steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cor-Ten steel">Cor-Ten steel</a> were also used in lightweight car construction, but stainless steel was the preferred material for car bodies. Stainless steel cars could be and often were, left unpainted except for the car's <a href="/wiki/Reporting_mark" title="Reporting mark">reporting marks</a> that were required by law. </p><p>By the end of the 1930s, railroads and car builders were debuting car body and interior styles that could only be dreamed of before. In 1937, the Pullman Company delivered the first cars equipped with <a href="/wiki/Roomette" title="Roomette">roomettes</a> – that is, the car's interior was sectioned off into compartments, much like the coaches that were still in widespread use across Europe. Pullman's roomettes, however, were designed with a single traveller in mind. The roomette featured a large picture window, a privacy door, a single fold-away bed, a sink and a small toilet. The roomette's floor space was barely larger than the space taken up by the bed, but it allowed the traveller to ride in luxury compared to the multilevel semiprivate berths of old. </p><p>Now that passenger cars were lighter, they were able to carry heavier loads, but the size of the average passenger that rode in them didn't increase to match the cars' new capacities. The average passenger car could not be made any wider or longer due to side clearances along the railroad lines, but they generally could get taller because they were still lower than many freight cars and locomotives. The railroads soon began building and buying <a href="/wiki/Dome_car" title="Dome car">dome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bilevel_rail_car" title="Bilevel rail car">bilevel</a> cars to carry more passengers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950–present:_High-technology_advancements"><span id="1950.E2.80.93present:_High-technology_advancements"></span>1950–present: High-technology advancements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1950–present: High-technology advancements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amtrak_Cascades_cars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Amtrak_Cascades_cars.jpg/220px-Amtrak_Cascades_cars.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Amtrak_Cascades_cars.jpg/330px-Amtrak_Cascades_cars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Amtrak_Cascades_cars.jpg/440px-Amtrak_Cascades_cars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amtrak_Cascades" title="Amtrak Cascades">Amtrak Cascades</a> operates with tilting <a href="/wiki/Talgo" title="Talgo">Talgo</a> permanently coupled trainsets.</figcaption></figure> <p>Starting in the 1950s, the passenger travel market declined in North America, though there was growth in <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a>. Private intercity passenger service in the U.S. mostly ended with the creation of <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> in 1971. <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> took over equipment and stations from most of the railroads in the U.S. with intercity service. </p><p>The higher clearances in North America enabled a major advancement in passenger car design, bi-level (<a href="/wiki/Bilevel_rail_car" title="Bilevel rail car">double-decker</a>) commuter coaches that could hold more passengers. These cars started to become common in the United States in the 1960s, and were adopted by <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Superliner_(railcar)" title="Superliner (railcar)">Superliner</a> design as well as by many other railroads and manufacturers. By 2000, double-deckers rivaled single level cars in use around the world. </p><p>While intercity passenger rail travel declined in America, ridership continued to increase in other parts of the world. With the increase came an increased use of newer technology on existing and new equipment. The <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> company <a href="/wiki/Talgo" title="Talgo">Talgo</a> began experimenting in the 1940s with technology that would enable the axles to steer into a curve, allowing the train to move around the curve at a higher speed. The steering axles evolved into mechanisms that would also tilt the passenger car as it entered a curve to counter the <a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_force" title="Centrifugal force">centrifugal force</a> experienced by the train, further increasing speeds on existing track.<sup id="cite_ref-Talgowayback_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Talgowayback-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, Talgo trains are used in many places in Europe and they have also found a home in North America on some short and medium distance routes such as <a href="/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon" title="Eugene, Oregon">Eugene, Oregon</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Vancouver,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vancouver, British Columbia">Vancouver, British Columbia</a>. </p><p>Another type of <a href="/wiki/Tilting_train" title="Tilting train">tilting train</a> that is seeing widespread use across <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino">Pendolino</a>. These trains, built by <a href="/wiki/Fiat_Ferroviaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiat Ferroviaria">Fiat Ferroviaria</a> (now owned by <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a>), are in regular service in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. Using tilting trains, railroads are able to run passenger trains over the same <a href="/wiki/Rail_tracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail tracks">tracks</a> at higher speeds than would otherwise be possible. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> continued to push the development of U.S.-designed passenger equipment even when the market demand didn't support it, ordering a number of new passenger locomotive and car types in the 1980s and 1990s. However, by 2000 Amtrak went to European manufacturers for the <a href="/wiki/Amtrak_Cascades" title="Amtrak Cascades">Amtrak Cascades</a> (<a href="/wiki/Talgo" title="Talgo">Talgo</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Acela_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Acela Express">Acela Express</a> trains, their premier services. These trains use new designs and are made to operate as coherent "trainsets". </p><p><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">High-speed trains</a> are made up of cars from a single manufacturer and usually of a uniform design (although the <a href="/wiki/Dining_car" title="Dining car">dining car</a> on the German <a href="/wiki/ICE_1" title="ICE 1">ICE 1</a> has a dome). In the 1960s and 1970s countries around the world started to develop trains capable of traveling in the 150–200 mph range, to rival air travel. One of the first was <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>'s <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a> which entered service in 1981. By 2000, Western Europe's major cities (<a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, etc.) were connected by high-speed rail service. </p><p>Often tilting and high-speed cars are left in "trainsets" throughout their service. For example, <a href="/wiki/Articulated_car" title="Articulated car">articulated cars</a> cannot be uncoupled without special equipment because the individual cars share trucks. This gives modern trains a smooth, coherent appearance because all the cars and often the engines share a similar design and paint scheme. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Car_types">Car types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Car types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally the passenger car can be split into a number of distinct types. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frecciarossainterno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Frecciarossainterno.jpg/220px-Frecciarossainterno.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Frecciarossainterno.jpg/330px-Frecciarossainterno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Frecciarossainterno.jpg/440px-Frecciarossainterno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Second class of <a href="/wiki/Frecciarossa" title="Frecciarossa">Eurostar Italia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The most basic division is between cars which do carry passengers and "head end" equipment. The latter are run as part of passenger trains, but do not themselves carry passengers. Traditionally they were put between the locomotive and the passenger-carrying cars in the <a href="/wiki/Consist" class="mw-redirect" title="Consist">consist</a>, hence the name. </p><p>Some specialized types are variants of or combine elements of the most basic types. </p><p>Also, the basic design of passenger cars is evolving, with articulated units that have shared trucks, with double-decker designs, and with the "low floor" design where the loading area is very close to the ground and slung between the <a href="/wiki/Bogie" title="Bogie">trucks</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Passenger-carrying_types">Passenger-carrying types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Passenger-carrying types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coach"><span class="anchor" id="coach_type"></span>Coach</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Coach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Janshatabdi_train_kerala_india.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Janshatabdi_train_kerala_india.JPG/220px-Janshatabdi_train_kerala_india.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Janshatabdi_train_kerala_india.JPG/330px-Janshatabdi_train_kerala_india.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Janshatabdi_train_kerala_india.JPG/440px-Janshatabdi_train_kerala_india.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>An open-type [3+3] chair car of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railways" title="Indian Railways">Indian Railways</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bs-car-compartment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Bs-car-compartment.jpg/220px-Bs-car-compartment.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Bs-car-compartment.jpg/330px-Bs-car-compartment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Bs-car-compartment.jpg/440px-Bs-car-compartment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>The interior of an Australian compartment car, viewed from the connecting side corridor</figcaption></figure> <p>The coach is the most basic type of passenger car, also sometimes referred to as "chair cars". </p> <ol><li>Open/Saloon</li> <li>Compartment</li> <li>Composite</li></ol> <p>Two main variants exist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Open_coach">Open coach</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Open coach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fig_124_%E2%80%93_Voiture_mixte_de_1re_et_2e_classes_no_403_de_l%27%C3%89tat_prussien.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Fig_124_%E2%80%93_Voiture_mixte_de_1re_et_2e_classes_no_403_de_l%27%C3%89tat_prussien.jpg/220px-Fig_124_%E2%80%93_Voiture_mixte_de_1re_et_2e_classes_no_403_de_l%27%C3%89tat_prussien.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Fig_124_%E2%80%93_Voiture_mixte_de_1re_et_2e_classes_no_403_de_l%27%C3%89tat_prussien.jpg/330px-Fig_124_%E2%80%93_Voiture_mixte_de_1re_et_2e_classes_no_403_de_l%27%C3%89tat_prussien.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Fig_124_%E2%80%93_Voiture_mixte_de_1re_et_2e_classes_no_403_de_l%27%C3%89tat_prussien.jpg/440px-Fig_124_%E2%80%93_Voiture_mixte_de_1re_et_2e_classes_no_403_de_l%27%C3%89tat_prussien.jpg 2x" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>Open coach</figcaption></figure> <p>In one variant, an "<a href="/wiki/Open_coach" title="Open coach">open coach</a>" has a central aisle; the car's interior is often filled with row upon row of seats as in a <a href="/wiki/Passenger_airliner" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger airliner">passenger airliner</a>. Other arrangements of the "open" type are also found, including seats around tables, seats facing the aisle (often found on mass transit trains since they increase standing room for rush hour), and variations of all three. Seating arrangement is typically [2+2],<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> while the <a href="/wiki/Hard_seat" title="Hard seat">hard seat</a> in China has [3+2] arrangements. The seating arrangements and density, as well as the absence or presence of other facilities depends on the intended use – from mass transit systems to long distance luxury trains. Some cars have reclining seats to allow for easier sleeping by passengers not traveling in a sleeping car. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Compartment">Compartment</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Compartment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metropolitan_Railway_Full_3rd_Coach_No.394.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Metropolitan_Railway_Full_3rd_Coach_No.394.JPG/220px-Metropolitan_Railway_Full_3rd_Coach_No.394.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Metropolitan_Railway_Full_3rd_Coach_No.394.JPG/330px-Metropolitan_Railway_Full_3rd_Coach_No.394.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Metropolitan_Railway_Full_3rd_Coach_No.394.JPG/440px-Metropolitan_Railway_Full_3rd_Coach_No.394.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Full width compartment coach with no aisle or corridor</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Midland_Railway_composite_carriage_1885.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Midland_Railway_composite_carriage_1885.jpg/220px-Midland_Railway_composite_carriage_1885.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Midland_Railway_composite_carriage_1885.jpg/330px-Midland_Railway_composite_carriage_1885.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Midland_Railway_composite_carriage_1885.jpg/440px-Midland_Railway_composite_carriage_1885.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="831" /></a><figcaption>Profile of a composite carriage</figcaption></figure> <p>In another variant, "closed" coaches, "corridor" coaches or "compartment" cars have a side corridor to connect individual compartments along the body of the train, each with two rows of seats facing each other. </p><p>In both arrangements carry-on baggage is stowed on a shelf above the passenger seating area. The opening into the cars is usually located at both ends of the carriage, often into a small hallway – which in railway parlance is termed a <a href="/wiki/Vestibule_(architecture)" title="Vestibule (architecture)">vestibule</a>. Earlier designs of UK coaching stock had additional door or doors along their length, some supporting compartmentalised carriages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Compartment_coach">Compartment coach</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Compartment coach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Compartment_coach" title="Compartment coach">Compartment coach</a></div> <p>The compartment coach is similar to a corridor coach but without the corridor. Each compartment is totally separated from the other compartments, with no movement between them. Entry and exit from each compartment is only possible when stopped at a station. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Composite">Composite</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Composite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Composite" coaches are also known. These are mixed-class cars featuring both open seating and compartments. One such coach is the <a href="/wiki/Composite_Corridor" title="Composite Corridor">Composite Corridor</a>, introduced for <a href="/wiki/British_Rail" title="British Rail">British Rail</a> in the 1950s; though such coaches existed from early pre-grouping days, at the end of the 19th century. </p><p>In India, normal carriages often have double height seating, with benches (berths), so that people can sit above one another (not unlike a bunk bed). In other countries, true double decker carriages are becoming more common. The seats in most coaches until the middle of the 20th century were usually bench seats; the backs of these seats could be adjusted, often with one hand, to face in either direction so the car would not have to be turned for a return trip. The conductor would simply walk down the aisle in the car, reversing the seat backs to prepare for the return trip. This arrangement is still used in some modern trains. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dining_car">Dining car</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Dining car"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dining_car" title="Dining car">Dining car</a></div> <p>A dining car (or diner) is used to serve meals to the passengers. Its interior may be split with a portion of the interior partitioned off for a <a href="/wiki/Galley_(kitchen)" title="Galley (kitchen)">galley</a>, which is off-limits to passengers. A narrow hallway is left between the galley and one side wall of the car for passengers to use. The remainder of the interior is laid out with tables and chairs to look like a long, narrow <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restaurant</a> dining room. There are special personnel to perform waitstaff and kitchen duties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lounge">Lounge</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Lounge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lounge_car" title="Lounge car">Lounge car</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Superliner_I_Lounge_upper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Superliner_I_Lounge_upper.jpg/220px-Superliner_I_Lounge_upper.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Superliner_I_Lounge_upper.jpg/330px-Superliner_I_Lounge_upper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Superliner_I_Lounge_upper.jpg/440px-Superliner_I_Lounge_upper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> <a href="/wiki/Superliner_(railcar)" title="Superliner (railcar)">Superliner</a> lounge car (also a <a href="/wiki/Low-floor" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-floor">low-floor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bilevel_rail_car" title="Bilevel rail car">double-decker</a> car)</figcaption></figure> <p>Lounge cars carry a bar and public seating. They usually have benches, armchairs or large swivelling chairs along the sides of the car. They often have small tables for drinks, or may be large enough to play cards. Some lounge cars include small pianos and are staffed by contracted musicians to entertain the passengers. </p><p>These cars are often pulled in addition to the <a href="/wiki/Dining_car" title="Dining car">dining car</a>, and on very long trains in addition to one or more snack or café cars. <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Café car">Café cars</a>, such as the Amtrak <a href="/wiki/Amfleet#Cafes" title="Amfleet">café cars</a>, are simpler, lacking window-facing seats, instead, rows of tables with facing pairs of bench seats, split by a food and drink counter. </p><p>Lounge cars are an important part of the appeal of passenger trains when compared to aircraft, buses and cars; there is more space to move around, socialize, eat and drink, and a good view. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Observation">Observation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Observation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Observation_car" title="Observation car">Observation car</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heavyweight_observation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Heavyweight_observation.jpg/220px-Heavyweight_observation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Heavyweight_observation.jpg/330px-Heavyweight_observation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Heavyweight_observation.jpg/440px-Heavyweight_observation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="272" /></a><figcaption>A heavyweight observation car</figcaption></figure> <p>The observation car almost always operated as the last car in a passenger train, in US practice. Its interior could include features of a coach, lounge, diner, or sleeper. The main spotting feature was at the tail end of the car – some more modern US designs had walls of the car usually curved together to form a large U shape, and larger windows were installed all around the end of the car; earlier designs had square ends with an observation open deck (preserved stock in Southern Africa, Oceania and many countries elsewhere.) Before these cars were built with steel walls, the observation end of heavyweight cars in the US and Canada resembled a roofed porch area. Larger windows were installed at the observation end on these cars as well. At this end of the car, there was almost always a lounge where passengers could enjoy the view as they watched the track rapidly recede into the distance. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sleeping_car">Sleeping car</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sleeping car"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sleeping_car" title="Sleeping car">Sleeping car</a></div> <p>Often called "sleepers" or "Pullman cars" (after the main American operator), these cars provide sleeping arrangements for passengers travelling at night. Early models were divided into sections, where coach seating converted at night into semi-private berths. More modern interiors are normally partitioned into separate bedroom compartments for passengers. The beds are designed in such a way that they either roll or fold out of the way or convert into seats for daytime use. Compartments vary in size; some are large enough for only a bed, while others resemble efficiency apartments including bathrooms. </p><p>In China, sleeping cars still serve as major travel classes in long-range rail transport. The classes of sleeping cars include <a href="/wiki/Hard_sleeper" title="Hard sleeper">hard sleeper</a> (YW) with six bunks per compartment, <a href="/wiki/Soft_sleeper" title="Soft sleeper">soft sleeper</a> (RW) typically with four bunks, deluxe soft sleeper (GRW) typically with two bunks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Trailer_car">Trailer car</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Trailer car"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trailer_(vehicle)#Trailer_(Rail_coach_and_rail_freight_car)" title="Trailer (vehicle)">Trailer (vehicle) § Trailer (Rail coach and rail freight car)</a></div> <p>A similar car which was usually found in <a href="/wiki/Diesel_Multiple_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Diesel Multiple Unit">DMUs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electric_Multiple_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric Multiple Unit">EMUs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Locomotive" title="Locomotive">locomotive</a>-hauled <a href="/wiki/Train#Passenger_trains" title="Train">passenger</a> <a href="/wiki/Train#Terminology" title="Train">trainsets</a>. They also generally intermediate cars within the consist and sometimes have <a href="/wiki/Cab_(locomotive)" title="Cab (locomotive)">driving control facilities</a>. They may carry auxiliary equipment (E.g. the braking system, air conditioning, etc.) where space is limited. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Head-end_equipment"><span class="anchor" id="head-end_equipment"></span><span class="anchor" id="head-end_car"></span>Head-end equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Head-end equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Baggage_car">Baggage car</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Baggage car"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Brake_van#Passenger_brake_van" title="Brake van">Brake van § Passenger brake van</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 270.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 268.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Resgodsvagn.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A resgodsvagn of the Swedish State Railways (SJ) in Malmö in 1988"><img alt="A resgodsvagn of the Swedish State Railways (SJ) in Malmö in 1988" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Resgodsvagn.jpg/403px-Resgodsvagn.jpg" decoding="async" width="269" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Resgodsvagn.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <i>resgodsvagn</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Statens_J%C3%A4rnv%C3%A4gar" class="mw-redirect" title="Statens Järnvägar">Swedish State Railways (SJ)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a> in 1988</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STCR57636-oct132003.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A baggage car"><img alt="A baggage car" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/STCR57636-oct132003.jpg/450px-STCR57636-oct132003.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/STCR57636-oct132003.jpg/676px-STCR57636-oct132003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/STCR57636-oct132003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A baggage car</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:XL25K_206110@BJI_(20150527105848).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A China Railway XL25K baggage car at Beijing railway station"><img alt="A China Railway XL25K baggage car at Beijing railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/XL25K_206110%40BJI_%2820150527105848%29.JPG/337px-XL25K_206110%40BJI_%2820150527105848%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/XL25K_206110%40BJI_%2820150527105848%29.JPG/507px-XL25K_206110%40BJI_%2820150527105848%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/XL25K_206110%40BJI_%2820150527105848%29.JPG/674px-XL25K_206110%40BJI_%2820150527105848%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1880" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/China_Railway" title="China Railway">China Railway</a> XL25K baggage car at <a href="/wiki/Beijing_railway_station" title="Beijing railway station">Beijing railway station</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>Although passengers generally are not allowed access to the baggage car, they were included in a great number of passenger trains as regular equipment. The baggage car is a car that was normally placed between the train's motive power and the remainder of the passenger train. The car's interior is normally wide open and is used to carry passengers' checked <a href="/wiki/Baggage" title="Baggage">baggage</a>. Baggage cars were also sometimes commissioned by freight companies to haul <a href="/wiki/Less-than-carload" class="mw-redirect" title="Less-than-carload">less-than-carload</a> (LCL) shipments along passenger routes (<a href="/wiki/Railway_Express_Agency" title="Railway Express Agency">Railway Express Agency</a> was one such freight company). Some baggage cars included restroom facilities for the train crew, so many baggage cars had doors to access them just like any other passenger car. Baggage cars could be designed to look like the rest of a passenger train's cars, or they could be repurposed <a href="/wiki/Boxcar" title="Boxcar">box cars</a> equipped with high-speed trucks and passenger train steam and air connections. A special type of baggage car came equipped with doors on one end to facilitate transport of large pieces of equipment and scenery for <a href="/wiki/Broadway_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadway show">Broadway shows</a> and other productions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These "theatrical" baggage cars were assigned theatrical names (i.e. <i>Romeo</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Juliet_(PRR)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juliet (PRR)">Juliet</a></i>), and were similar to the "<a href="/wiki/Stock_car_(rail)#Specialized_applications" title="Stock car (rail)">horse cars</a>" that were used to transport racehorses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Express_car">Express car</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Express car"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Express cars carry high-value freight in passenger <a href="/wiki/Consist" class="mw-redirect" title="Consist">consists</a>. These cars often resembled baggage cars, although in some cases specially-equipped <a href="/wiki/Boxcar" title="Boxcar">boxcars</a> or <a href="/wiki/Refrigerator_car" title="Refrigerator car">refrigerator cars</a> were used. In the United States, the majority of these cars were operated by <a href="/wiki/Railway_Express_Agency" title="Railway Express Agency">Railway Express Agency</a> (REA) from 1918 to 1975. Following REA's bankruptcy, Amtrak took over express type shipments under the <a href="/wiki/Amtrak_Express" title="Amtrak Express">Amtrak Express</a> brand, eventually introducing rolling stock like material handling cars, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roadrailers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roadrailers (page does not exist)">Roadrailers</a>. Amtrak mostly exited the express business in 2003, now only using extra space in baggage cars on trains.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prisoner_car">Prisoner car</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Prisoner car"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some countries, such as Russia, convicts are transported from court to prison or from one prison to another by railway. In such transportation a specific type of coach, prisoner car, is used. It contains several cell compartments with minimal interior and commodities, and a separate guard compartment. Usually the windows are of nontransparent opaque glass to prevent prisoners from seeing outside and determine where they are, and windows usually also have bars to prevent escapes. Unlike other passenger cars, prisoner cars do not have doors at the ends of the wagon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Railway_post_office">Railway post office</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Railway post office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Railway_post_office" title="Railway post office">Railway post office</a> and <a href="/wiki/Travelling_post_office" class="mw-redirect" title="Travelling post office">Travelling post office</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RPO_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/RPO_interior.jpg/170px-RPO_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/RPO_interior.jpg/255px-RPO_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/RPO_interior.jpg/340px-RPO_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption>The interior of a railway post office on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Railroad_Museum" title="National Railroad Museum">National Railroad Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">Green Bay, Wisconsin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Like baggage cars, railway post office (RPO; US term) cars or travelling post offices (TPOs; British term) were not accessible to paying passengers. These cars' interiors were designed with sorting facilities that were often seen and used in conventional post offices around the world. The RPO is where mail was sorted while the train was en route. Because these cars carried mail, which often included valuables or quantities of cash and checks, the RPO staff (who were employed by the postal service and not the railroad) were the only train crews allowed to carry guns.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The RPO cars were normally placed in a passenger train between the train's motive power and baggage cars, further inhibiting their access by passengers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specialized_types">Specialized types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Specialized types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Colonist_Car">Colonist Car</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Colonist Car"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Colonist_car" title="Colonist car">Colonist car</a></div> <p>A colonist car or emigrant car was a special sleeping car designed to take <a href="/wiki/Immigrants" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigrants">immigrants</a> from ocean ports to settlement areas in western North America at the cheapest possible fare. They offered simple <a href="/wiki/Berth_(sleeping)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berth (sleeping)">sleeping berths</a> and a cooking area for immigrants who were expected to bring their own food and bedding.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Combine">Combine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Combine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coach-baggage_CNW_7409_20041010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Coach-baggage_CNW_7409_20041010.jpg/220px-Coach-baggage_CNW_7409_20041010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Coach-baggage_CNW_7409_20041010.jpg/330px-Coach-baggage_CNW_7409_20041010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Coach-baggage_CNW_7409_20041010.jpg/440px-Coach-baggage_CNW_7409_20041010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A coach-baggage combine</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Combine_car" title="Combine car">Combine car</a></div> <p>A combine is a car that combines features of a head-end and a regular passenger car. The most common combination is that of a <b>coach</b> and a <b>baggage car</b>, but the combination of coach and <a href="/wiki/Railway_post_office" title="Railway post office">post office car</a> was also common. Combines were used most frequently on <a href="/wiki/Branch_line" title="Branch line">branch lines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shortline_railroad" title="Shortline railroad">short line railroads</a> where there wasn't necessarily enough traffic to economically justify single-purpose cars. As lightweight cars began to appear on railroads, passenger cars more frequently combined features of two or more car types on one car, and the classic heavyweight combine fell out of use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Control_car_(cab)"><span id="Control_car_.28cab.29"></span>Control car (cab)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Control car (cab)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brno,_Kr%C3%A1lovo_Pole,_%C5%BEelezni%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_stanice,_v%C5%AFz_80-30_002_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Brno%2C_Kr%C3%A1lovo_Pole%2C_%C5%BEelezni%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_stanice%2C_v%C5%AFz_80-30_002_%2802%29.jpg/220px-Brno%2C_Kr%C3%A1lovo_Pole%2C_%C5%BEelezni%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_stanice%2C_v%C5%AFz_80-30_002_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Brno%2C_Kr%C3%A1lovo_Pole%2C_%C5%BEelezni%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_stanice%2C_v%C5%AFz_80-30_002_%2802%29.jpg/330px-Brno%2C_Kr%C3%A1lovo_Pole%2C_%C5%BEelezni%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_stanice%2C_v%C5%AFz_80-30_002_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Brno%2C_Kr%C3%A1lovo_Pole%2C_%C5%BEelezni%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_stanice%2C_v%C5%AFz_80-30_002_%2802%29.jpg/440px-Brno%2C_Kr%C3%A1lovo_Pole%2C_%C5%BEelezni%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_stanice%2C_v%C5%AFz_80-30_002_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Driving_trailer" class="mw-redirect" title="Driving trailer">driving trailer</a> in Czech Republic</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Control_car" title="Control car">Control car</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Control_car" title="Control car">control car</a> (also known as a <b>Driving Trailer</b> in Europe and the UK) is a passenger car which lets the train be run in reverse with the locomotive at the back. It is common on commuter trains in the US, Canada and Europe. This can be important for serving small towns without extensive switching facilities, end train stations, dead-end lines, and having a fast turnaround when changing directions in commuter service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dome_car">Dome car</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Dome car"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dome_car" title="Dome car">Dome car</a></div> <p>A dome car can include features of a coach car, sleeping car, a lounge car, dining car, and an observation car. Within the United States, the primary manufacturers were The Budd Company (<a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a> construction), The Pullman Company (<a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> construction), and ACF (American Car & Foundry, <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a> construction). A portion of the car, usually in the center, is split between two levels, with stairs leading both up and down from the train's regular passenger car floor level. The lower level of the dome usually consisted of a small lounge area, while the upper portion was usually coach or lounge seating within a "bubble" of glass on the car's roof. Budd Co. dome cars used curved glass, whereas Pullman company cars used flat panels of glass that were positioned at different angles above the roofline. Passengers in the upper portion of the dome were able to see in all directions from a vantage point above the train's roof line. On some dome cars, the lower portion was built as a <a href="/wiki/Galley_(kitchen)" title="Galley (kitchen)">galley</a>, where car attendants used <a href="/wiki/Dumbwaiter_(elevator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumbwaiter (elevator)">dumbwaiters</a> to transfer items between the galley and a dining area in the dome portion of the car. In the United States, the Union Pacific railroad was the primary user of dome dining cars in the pre-Amtrak era. </p><p>Some dome cars were built with the dome extending the entire length of the car (a "full dome" car), while others had only a small observation bubble. There were also combination dome-observation cars built which were meant to be the last car on the train, with both rear observation and the dome up top. Dome observation cars came in both round end, and square end versions. The Union Pacific, in the US, was the primary user of square-end observation cars, prior to Amtrak, although the Burlington Route had several square-end cars of stainless steel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Double-decker_or_bilevel_coach">Double-decker or bilevel coach</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Double-decker or bilevel coach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Go_Train_046.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Go_Train_046.jpg/220px-Go_Train_046.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Go_Train_046.jpg/330px-Go_Train_046.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Go_Train_046.jpg/440px-Go_Train_046.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_BiLevel_Coach" title="Bombardier BiLevel Coach">Bombardier BiLevel Coach</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bilevel_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilevel car">Bilevel car</a></div> <p>As passenger car construction improved to the point where dome cars were introduced, some passenger car manufacturers began building <a href="/wiki/Bilevel_rail_car" title="Bilevel rail car">double decker passenger train</a> cars for use in areas that are more heavily populated or to carry more passengers over a long distance while using fewer cars (such as <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Superliner_(railcar)" title="Superliner (railcar)">Superliner</a> cars). Cars used on long-distance passenger trains could combine features of any of the basic car types, while cars used in local commuter service are often strictly coach types on both levels. </p><p>Double decker coaches were tried in the UK (<a href="/wiki/SR_Class_4DD" title="SR Class 4DD">SR Class 4DD</a>) but the experiment was unsuccessful because the restricted British <a href="/wiki/Loading_gauge" title="Loading gauge">loading gauge</a> resulted in cramped conditions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Drovers'_car"><span id="Drovers.27_car"></span>Drovers' car</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Drovers' car"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drovers' cars were<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (December 2019)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> used on long distance <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a> trains in the western United States. The purpose of a drovers' car was to accommodate the livestock's handlers on the journey between the <a href="/wiki/Ranch" title="Ranch">ranch</a> and processing plant. They were usually shorter, older cars, and equipped with stove heaters, as no trainline steam heating was provided. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hospital_car">Hospital car</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Hospital car"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A variety of <a href="/wiki/Hospital_train" title="Hospital train">hospital trains</a> operate around the world, employing specialist carriages equipped as <a href="/wiki/Hospital_ward" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospital ward">hospital wards</a>, treatment rooms, and full-scale <a href="/wiki/Operating_theater" title="Operating theater">operating theaters</a> (US: operating rooms). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Private_car">Private car</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Private car"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abraham_Lincoln_Pullman_Car.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Abraham_Lincoln_Pullman_Car.png/220px-Abraham_Lincoln_Pullman_Car.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Abraham_Lincoln_Pullman_Car.png/330px-Abraham_Lincoln_Pullman_Car.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Abraham_Lincoln_Pullman_Car.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="133" /></a><figcaption>A heavyweight Pullman "business car"</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Private_railroad_car" title="Private railroad car">Private railroad car</a></div> <p>Many cars built by Pullman and other companies were either originally built or later converted for use as business and private cars which served as the "private jet" of the early-to-mid-20th century. They were used by railroad officials and dignitaries as business cars, and wealthy individuals for travel and entertainment. There are various configurations, but the cars generally have an observation platform and include a full kitchen, dining room, <a href="/wiki/Cabin_(ship)" title="Cabin (ship)">state rooms</a>, secretary's room, an observation room, and often servant's quarters. A number of these private cars have survived the decades and some are used for tour rides, leasing for private events, etc. A small number of private cars (along with other types of passenger cars), have been upgraded to meet current Amtrak regulations, and may be chartered by their owners for private travel attached to <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> trains. </p><p>The only current example in Britain is the <a href="/wiki/British_Royal_Train" title="British Royal Train">British Royal Train</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Troop_sleeper">Troop sleeper</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Troop sleeper"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Troop_sleeper" title="Troop sleeper">Troop sleeper</a></div> <p>A "troop sleeper" was<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (December 2019)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> a railroad passenger car which had been constructed to serve as something of a mobile barracks (essentially, a sleeping car) for transporting troops over distances sufficient to require overnight accommodations. This method allowed part of the trip to be made overnight, reducing the amount of transit time required and increasing travel efficiency. <b>Troop kitchens</b>, rolling galleys, also joined the consists in order to provide meal service en route (the troops took their meals in their seats or bunks). <b>Troop hospital</b> cars, also based on the troop sleeper carbody, transported wounded servicemen and typically travelled in solid strings on special trains averaging fifteen cars each. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Car_technology">Car technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Car technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Passenger cars are as almost as old as railroading itself, and their development paralleled that of freight cars. Early two axle cars gave way to conventional two truck construction with the floor of the car riding above the wheels; link and pin couplers gave way to automatic types. </p><p>Several construction details characterized passenger equipment. Passenger trains were expected to run at higher speeds than freight service, and therefore passenger trucks evolved to allow superior ride and better tracking at those speeds. Over time, in most cases provision was made for passengers and train staff to move from car to car; therefore platforms and later <a href="/wiki/Vestibuled_train" title="Vestibuled train">vestibules</a> were used to bridge the gap. </p><p>In later years a number of changes to this basic form were introduced to allow for improvements in speed, comfort, and expense. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Articulated">Articulated</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Articulated"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TGV_original_livery_1987.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/TGV_original_livery_1987.jpg/220px-TGV_original_livery_1987.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/TGV_original_livery_1987.jpg/330px-TGV_original_livery_1987.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/TGV_original_livery_1987.jpg/440px-TGV_original_livery_1987.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1342" data-file-height="874" /></a><figcaption>Two <a href="/wiki/TGV_Sud-Est" class="mw-redirect" title="TGV Sud-Est">TGVs</a> (coupled) with articulated trainsets</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Articulated_car" title="Articulated car">Articulated car</a></div> <p>Articulated passenger cars are becoming increasingly common in Europe and the US. This means that the passenger cars share trucks and that the passageways between them are more or less permanently attached. The cars are kept in "trainsets" and not split up during normal operations. </p><p>Articulated cars have a number of advantages. They save on the total number of wheels and trucks, reducing costs and maintenance expenses. Further, movement between cars is safer and easier than with traditional designs. Finally, it is possible to implement tilting schemes such as the <a href="/wiki/Talgo" title="Talgo">Talgo</a> design which allow the train to lean into curves.<sup id="cite_ref-Talgowayback_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Talgowayback-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chief disadvantage is that failure of a single car disables the entire set, since individual cars cannot be readily switched in and out of the consist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Low-floor">Low-floor</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Low-floor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PortlandTriMetMAX.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/PortlandTriMetMAX.jpg/220px-PortlandTriMetMAX.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/PortlandTriMetMAX.jpg/330px-PortlandTriMetMAX.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/PortlandTriMetMAX.jpg/440px-PortlandTriMetMAX.jpg 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="308" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Siemens_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens AG">Siemens</a> <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> vehicle (<a href="/wiki/Articulated" class="mw-redirect" title="Articulated">articulated</a>, <a href="/wiki/Low-floor" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-floor">low-floor</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Low-floor" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-floor">Low-floor</a></div> <p>In some countries (such as the US), platform level may be below the level of the floor of passenger cars, resulting in a significant step up from platform level – leading to slower boarding times, which are important for high-capacity systems. Low-floor cars have their main passenger and loading floor directly on level with the loading platform, instead of having a step up to the passenger compartment as was traditional until around the 1970s. This is achieved by having a low-slung chassis with the "low floor" resting <i>between</i> the trucks, rather than resting completely on top with a simpler straight chassis design. This improved design is seen in many passenger cars today, especially double decker cars. The low floor enables easy access for bicycles, strollers, suitcases, wheelchairs and those with disabilities, which is otherwise not always convenient or even possible with the traditional passenger car design. </p><p>Within the United States, the Pennsylvania Railroad developed 'The Keystone' 7 car set of cars with their own attached (head end) power car in the late 1950s. It was mostly used between New York City and Washington, DC. Boarding was at the normal platform level, at the end of the cars, with the centre section between the trucks lowered to give the cars a lower centre of gravity, and higher speed capability. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Self-propelled_passenger_equipment">Self-propelled passenger equipment</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Self-propelled passenger equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Railcar" title="Railcar">Railcar</a></div> <p>These vehicles usually carry motive power in each individual unit. <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">Trams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> vehicles and <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">subways</a> have been widely constructed in urban areas throughout the world since the late 19th century. By the year 1900, electric-powered passenger cars were ubiquitous in the developed world, but they fell into decline after World War II, especially in the U.S. By 2000 they had regained popularity and modern lines were being rebuilt where they had been torn up only 40 years earlier to make way for automobiles. </p><p>On lighter-trafficked rural railways, powered <a href="/wiki/Railcar" title="Railcar">diesel cars</a> (such as the <a href="/wiki/Budd_Rail_Diesel_Car" title="Budd Rail Diesel Car">Budd Rail Diesel Car</a>) continue to be popular. In Germany, the new <a href="/wiki/Talent_(train)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talent (train)">Talent</a> design shows that the diesel-powered passenger car is still a viable part of rail service. In the UK, locomotive-hauled passenger trains have largely been replaced by <a href="/wiki/Diesel_multiple_unit" title="Diesel multiple unit">diesel multiple units</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electric_multiple_unit" title="Electric multiple unit">electric multiple units</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Voyager_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier Voyager family">Bombardier Voyager family</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hitachi_A-train" title="Hitachi A-train">Hitachi A-Train AT300</a> family, even on express services. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tilting">Tilting</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Tilting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tilting_train" title="Tilting train">Tilting train</a></div> <p>These cars are able to tilt to counter the effects of inertia when turning, making the ride more comfortable for the passengers. Amtrak has adopted <a href="/wiki/Talgo" title="Talgo">Talgo</a> trainsets for its <a href="/wiki/Amtrak_Cascades" title="Amtrak Cascades">Amtrak Cascades</a> service in the Pacific Northwest. Other manufacturers have also implemented tilting designs. The <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_390" title="British Rail Class 390">British Rail Class 390</a> is a tilting train operating in the UK. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lighting,_heating,_air-conditioning"><span id="Lighting.2C_heating.2C_air-conditioning"></span>Lighting, heating, air-conditioning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Lighting, heating, air-conditioning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Head_end_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Head end power">Head end power</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RW19T_554396@BJX_(20150504073221).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/RW19T_554396%40BJX_%2820150504073221%29.JPG/220px-RW19T_554396%40BJX_%2820150504073221%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/RW19T_554396%40BJX_%2820150504073221%29.JPG/330px-RW19T_554396%40BJX_%2820150504073221%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/RW19T_554396%40BJX_%2820150504073221%29.JPG/440px-RW19T_554396%40BJX_%2820150504073221%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Jumper_cable" title="Jumper cable">electrical connection cables</a> on a sleeper car in China</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest form of train lighting was provided by <a href="/wiki/Colza_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Colza oil">Colza oil</a> lamps. The next stage was <a href="/wiki/Gas_lighting" title="Gas lighting">gas lighting</a>, using compressed gas stored in cylinders under the coaches. Finally, <a href="/wiki/Electric_lighting" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric lighting">electric lighting</a> was introduced. </p><p>Early railway coaches had no heating but passengers could rent foot-warmers. These worked on the same principle as modern <a href="/wiki/Sodium_acetate" title="Sodium acetate">sodium acetate</a> <a href="/wiki/Heating_pad" title="Heating pad">heating pads</a>. Later, steam heating was introduced, using a steam supply from the <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam locomotive</a>. Steam heating continued into the <a href="/wiki/Diesel_locomotive" title="Diesel locomotive">diesel locomotive</a> era, with steam supplied by a <a href="/wiki/Steam_generator_(railroad)" title="Steam generator (railroad)">steam generator</a>. Now, <a href="/wiki/Electric_heating" title="Electric heating">electric heating</a> is almost universal and <a href="/wiki/Air-conditioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Air-conditioning">air-conditioning</a> is often provided as well. In the case of <a href="/wiki/Diesel_multiple_unit" title="Diesel multiple unit">diesel multiple units</a>, the coaches may be heated by waste heat from the engines, as in an <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobile</a>. </p><p>In a subway car, tram or train, an <a href="/wiki/Insulator_(electricity)" title="Insulator (electricity)">insulator</a> at a track switch may cut off power from the car for a few feet along the line and use a large <a href="/wiki/Capacitor" title="Capacitor">capacitor</a> to store energy to drive the subway car through the gap in the power feed.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_class_travel" title="First class travel">First class travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlor_car" title="Parlor car">Parlor car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_train_toilet" title="Passenger train toilet">Passenger train toilet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807101435/http://www.oxfordadvancedlearnersdictionary.com/dictionary/bogie">"Oxford Learner's Dictionaries – Find definitions, translations, and grammar explanations at Oxford Learner's Dictionaries"</a>. <i>www.oxfordadvancedlearnersdictionary.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordadvancedlearnersdictionary.com/dictionary/bogie">the original</a> on 2011-08-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oxfordadvancedlearnersdictionary.com&rft.atitle=Oxford+Learner%27s+Dictionaries+%E2%80%93+Find+definitions%2C+translations%2C+and+grammar+explanations+at+Oxford+Learner%27s+Dictionaries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordadvancedlearnersdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fbogie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassenger+railroad+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1906/08/12/archives/first-allsteel-cars-for-pennsylvania-tube-they-are-to-be-fire.html">"First All-Steel Cars for Pennsylvania Tube"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 1906-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=First+All-Steel+Cars+for+Pennsylvania+Tube&rft.date=1906-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1906%2F08%2F12%2Farchives%2Ffirst-allsteel-cars-for-pennsylvania-tube-they-are-to-be-fire.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassenger+railroad+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhite1985a">White 1985a</a>, p. 116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKratville1962">Kratville 1962</a>, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Talgowayback-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Talgowayback_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Talgowayback_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040604125158/http://www.talgo.com/htm/tecnologiatecnologia2.htm">"Talgo History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.talgo.com/htm/tecnologiatecnologia2.htm">the original</a> on 2004-06-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Talgo+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.talgo.com%2Fhtm%2Ftecnologiatecnologia2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassenger+railroad+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimonWarner2011" class="citation book cs1">Simon, Elbert; Warner, David C. (2011). Holland, Kevin J. (ed.). <i>Amtrak by the Numbers: A Comprehensive Passenger Car and Motive Power Roster – 1971–2011</i>. Kansas City, Missouri: White River Productions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-932804-12-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-932804-12-6"><bdi>978-1-932804-12-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amtrak+by+the+Numbers%3A+A+Comprehensive+Passenger+Car+and+Motive+Power+Roster+%E2%80%93+1971%E2%80%932011&rft.place=Kansas+City%2C+Missouri&rft.pub=White+River+Productions&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-932804-12-6&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Elbert&rft.au=Warner%2C+David+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassenger+railroad+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhite1985b">White 1985b</a>, pp. 466–472.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150309023326/http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/mastascu/elessonshtml/LC/Capac1.htm">"An Introduction To Capacitors"</a>. <i>www.facstaff.bucknell.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/mastascu/elessonshtml/lc/capac1.htm">the original</a> on 2015-03-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.facstaff.bucknell.edu&rft.atitle=An+Introduction+To+Capacitors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.facstaff.bucknell.edu%2Fmastascu%2Felessonshtml%2Flc%2Fcapac1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassenger+railroad+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroggie2014" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Broggie" title="Michael Broggie">Broggie, Michael</a> (2014), <i>Walt Disney's Railroad Story: The Small-Scale Fascination That Led to a Full-Scale Kingdom</i> (4th ed.), <a href="/wiki/The_Donning_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="The Donning Company">The Donning Company Publishers</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57864-914-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57864-914-3"><bdi>978-1-57864-914-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walt+Disney%27s+Railroad+Story%3A+The+Small-Scale+Fascination+That+Led+to+a+Full-Scale+Kingdom&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=The+Donning+Company+Publishers&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-57864-914-3&rft.aulast=Broggie&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassenger+railroad+car" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis,_Hamilton1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/C._Hamilton_Ellis" title="C. Hamilton Ellis">Ellis, Hamilton</a> (1968). <i>The pictorial encyclopedia of railways</i>. Hamlyn Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-600-03075-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-600-03075-X"><bdi>0-600-03075-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+pictorial+encyclopedia+of+railways&rft.pub=Hamlyn+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=0-600-03075-X&rft.au=Ellis%2C+Hamilton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassenger+railroad+car" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKratville1962" class="citation book cs1">Kratville, William W. (1962). <i>Steam Steel and Limiteds. A Saga of the Great Varnish Era</i>. Omaha, NE: Barnhart Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1301983">1301983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steam+Steel+and+Limiteds.+A+Saga+of+the+Great+Varnish+Era.&rft.place=Omaha%2C+NE&rft.pub=Barnhart+Press&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1301983&rft.aulast=Kratville&rft.aufirst=William+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassenger+railroad+car" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMencken,_August2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/August_Mencken_Jr." title="August Mencken Jr.">Mencken, August</a> (2000) [1957]. <i>The railroad passenger car: An illustrated history of the first hundred years with accounts by contemporary passengers</i>. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-6541-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-6541-7"><bdi>0-8018-6541-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+railroad+passenger+car%3A+An+illustrated+history+of+the+first+hundred+years+with+accounts+by+contemporary+passengers&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press%2C+Baltimore%2C+MD&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8018-6541-7&rft.au=Mencken%2C+August&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassenger+railroad+car" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelsh2005" class="citation magazine cs1">Welsh, Joe (2005). "New deal for rail travel". <i>Classic Trains Special Edition</i>. No. 3, <i>Streamliner Pioneers</i>. pp. 8–17. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1541-809X">1541-809X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Classic+Trains+Special+Edition&rft.atitle=New+deal+for+rail+travel&rft.issue=3%2C+%27%27Streamliner+Pioneers%27%27&rft.pages=8-17&rft.date=2005&rft.issn=1541-809X&rft.aulast=Welsh&rft.aufirst=Joe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassenger+railroad+car" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_H._White_Jr." title="John H. White Jr.">White, John H.</a> (1985) [1978]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VmZmOS5rm5MC"><i>The American Railroad Passenger Car</i></a>. Vol. 1. Baltimore, Maryland: <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-2722-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-2722-8"><bdi>978-0-8018-2722-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Railroad+Passenger+Car&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-2722-8&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVmZmOS5rm5MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassenger+railroad+car" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_H._White_Jr." title="John H. White Jr.">White, John H.</a> (1985) [1978]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RAidPrpZUNQC"><i>The American Railroad Passenger Car</i></a>. Vol. 2. Baltimore, Maryland: <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-2747-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-2747-1"><bdi>978-0-8018-2747-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Railroad+Passenger+Car&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-2747-1&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRAidPrpZUNQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassenger+railroad+car" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passenger_railroad_car&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Railway_coaches" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Railway coaches">Railway coaches</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Passenger_car" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Passenger car">Passenger car</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prr.railfan.net/diagrams/PRRdiagrams.html?sel=&sz=sm&fr=">PRR Equipment Diagrams (includes detailed floorplans of all types of passenger cars by various builders used on the Pennsylvania Railroad, as well as freight cars and locomotives)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060115013418/http://library.wustl.edu/units/spec/archives/guides/bysubject_stlouis/car-company.html">St. Louis Car Company Collection</a> at <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051122134404/http://www.rail-interior-design.net/?sprache=en">Flexible Railway Passenger Cars</a> – a study on more efficient use of passenger equipment</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pullman-car.com">The <i>Abraham Lincoln</i> 1910 Heavyweight Pullman Business Car</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaprco.com/">The American Association of Private Railroad Car Owners, Inc.</a> – information on owning and chartering private railroad cars</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railfrance.org/category2.asp?SubCatID=34#France,">List of railroad car manufacturers by country</a> (in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rail_transport_passenger_equipment" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cc9966;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Passenger_cars" title="Template:Passenger cars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Passenger_cars" title="Template talk:Passenger cars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Passenger_cars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Passenger cars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rail_transport_passenger_equipment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Rail transport</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">passenger equipment</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eebb88;">Head-end equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Baggage_car">Baggage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigerator_car#Specialized_applications" title="Refrigerator car">Express reefer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_end_power_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Head end power car">Head end power car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_car_(rail)#Specialized_applications" title="Stock car (rail)">Horse car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_post_office" title="Railway post office">Railway post office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_post_office" title="Mobile post office">Travelling Post Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eebb88;">Passenger-carrying<br /> coaches or cars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bar_car" title="Bar car">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilevel_rail_car" title="Bilevel rail car">Bilevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonist_car" title="Colonist car">Colonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compartment_coach" title="Compartment coach">Compartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corridor_coach" title="Corridor coach">Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couchette_car" title="Couchette car">Couchette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dining_car" title="Dining car">Dining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_car" title="Dome car">Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lounge_car" title="Lounge car">Lounge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observation_car" title="Observation car">Observation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_coach" title="Open coach">Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlor_car" title="Parlor car">Parlor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Passenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roomette" title="Roomette">Roomette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_car" title="Sleeping car">Sleeper / Pullman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_coach" title="Slip coach">Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_car" title="Smoking car">Smoking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eebb88;">Miscellaneous equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autorack" title="Autorack">Autorack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combine_car" title="Combine car">Combine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew_car" title="Crew car">Crew car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pay_car" title="Pay car">Pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_railroad_car" title="Private railroad car">Private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troop_sleeper" title="Troop sleeper">Troop kitchen / Troop sleeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestibuled_train" title="Vestibuled train">Vestibuled train</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eebb88;">Motorized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_unit" title="Multiple unit">Multiple unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_motor_coach" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail motor coach">Rail motor coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railcar" title="Railcar">Railcar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Railbus" title="Railbus">Railbus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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