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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="te" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Humans as a biological species<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:SHORTDESC:Humans_as_a_biological_species&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="మూస:SHORTDESC:Humans as a biological species (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">మూస:SHORTDESC:Humans as a biological species</a></div> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">హోమో సేపియన్స్<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">0.35–0 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Megaannum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megaannum (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precambrian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Precambrian (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambrian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambrian (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordovician&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordovician (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silurian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silurian (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devonian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devonian (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carboniferous&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carboniferous (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permian (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triassic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triassic (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurassic (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretaceous&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cretaceous (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleogene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleogene (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neogene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neogene (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:219.88153846154px; font-size:50%"><div style="position:relative; left:-0.42em">↓</div></div> </div> </div></span> <small>మధ్య ప్లైస్టోసీన్–<a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="హోలోసీన్">ప్రస్తుతం</a></small></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Human.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Human.jpg/220px-Human.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Human.jpg/330px-Human.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Human.jpg/440px-Human.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4841" data-file-height="4677" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_status&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservation status (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Least_Concern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Least Concern (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=IUCN_Red_List&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IUCN Red List (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-IUCN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taxonomy_(biology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taxonomy (biology) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Taxonomy/Homo" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukaryote&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eukaryote (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81" title="జంతువు">జంతువు</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE" title="కార్డేటా">కార్డేటా</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="క్షీరదాలు">క్షీరదాలు</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primate (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Primates</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suborder: </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haplorhini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haplorhini (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Haplorhini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Infraorder: </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simian (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Simiiformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hominidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominidae">Hominidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Homininae" class="mw-redirect" title="Homininae">Homininae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tribe: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hominini" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominini">Hominini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Homo" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo"><i>Homo</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>H. sapiens</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" class="mw-redirect" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Homo sapiens</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">కార్ల్ లిన్నేయస్, 1758</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subspecies </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><i>హోమో సేపియన్స్</i><br />†<i>H. s. ఇడాల్టు</i><br />†<i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="నియాండర్తల్">నియాండర్తల్</a></i> (?)<br /> †<i>H. s. రొడీసియెన్సిస్</i> (?)<br />(ఇతర మానవ ఉపజాతులు) </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4293093">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>హోమో సేపియన్స్</b> మానవ జాతి పేరు. ప్రాచీన కాలం నుండి ఇప్పటి వరకూ విలసిల్లిన మానవ జాతుల్లో జీవించి ఉన్న జాతి హోమో సేపియన్స్ ఒక్కటే. లాటినులో ఈ పేరుకు "వివేకవంతుడు" అని అర్ధం. లాటినులో దీనిని 1758 లో కార్ల్ లిన్నేయస్ (స్వయంగా తానే ఈ జాతికి లెక్టోటైప్) పరిచయం చేశాడు. </p><p>అంతరించిపోయిన హోమో జాతికి చెందిన జాతులలో హోమో ఎరెక్టస్ ఒకటి. ఈ జాతి సుమారు 1.9 నుండి 0.4 మిలియన్ల సంవత్సరాల క్రితం ఉనికిలో ఉండేది. దీనితో పాటు అనేక ఇతర జాతులు (కొందరు వాటిని హోమో సేపియన్స్ లేదా హోమో ఎరెక్టస్ లకు ఉపజాతులుగా భావిస్తారు) కూడా వివిధ కాలాల్లో ఉనికిలో ఉండి, ఆ తరువాత అంతరించిపోయాయి. మానవ జాతి పూర్వీకులైన <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="హోమో ఎరెక్టస్">హోమో ఎరెక్టస్</a> (లేదా హోమో యాంటెసెస్సర్ వంటి మధ్యంతర జాతులు) నుండి సుమారు 5,00,000 సంవత్సరాల క్రితం హోమో సేపియన్స్ వేరుపడినట్లు అంచనా వేసారు.<sup id="cite_ref-350kiloyearsAgo_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-350kiloyearsAgo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> హోమో సేపియన్ల తొట్ట తొలి శిలాజం ఆఫ్రికాలో లభించిన 3,00,000 సంవత్సరాల క్రితం నాటిది. సుమారు 1,00,000 - 30,000 సంవత్సరాల క్రితాల మధ్య ఆఫ్రికా, యురేషియా రెండింటిలోనూ ఈ జాతుల మధ్య సంకరం జరిగిందని తెలిసింది (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%82" title="ఆధునిక మానవుల ఇటీవలి ఆఫ్రికా మూలం">ఇటీవలి అవుట్-ఆఫ్-ఆఫ్రికా విస్తరణ</a> తరువాత).<sup id="cite_ref-Harrod2014_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrod2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>సమకాలీన మానవులలో కనిపించే లక్షణాలకు అనుగుణంగా శరీర నిర్మాణ శాస్త్రాన్ని కలిగి ఉన్న హోమో సేపియన్లను, అంతరించిపోయిన పురాతన మానవుల నుండి వేరుగా చూపేందుకు శరీర నిర్మాణపరంగా ఆధునిక మానవులు <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (ఎ.హెచ్.ఎం) అనే పదాన్ని ఉపయోగిస్తారు. శరీర నిర్మాణపరంగా ఆధునిక, ప్రాచీన మానవులు సహజీవనం చేసిన సమయాలు, ప్రాంతాలకు ఇది ఉపయోగపడుతుంది. ఉదాహరణకు, పాతరాతియుగం నాటి ఐరోపా. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="పేరు_వెనుక_చరిత్ర"><span id=".E0.B0.AA.E0.B1.87.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.81_.E0.B0.B5.E0.B1.86.E0.B0.A8.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.95_.E0.B0.9A.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.A4.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B0"></span>పేరు వెనుక చరిత్ర</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=1" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: పేరు వెనుక చరిత్ర"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>హోమో సేపియన్స్ అనే ద్విపద పేరును లిన్నేయస్ 1758 లో ఉపయోగించాడు.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> లాటిన్ నామవాచకం హోమే (జెనిటివు హోమినిసు) అంటే "మానవుడు", సేపియన్స్ అంటే "వివేకం, తెలివైన, తెలివైన" అని అర్ధం. </p><p>ఈ జాతి మొదట 300,000 నుండి 200,000 సంవత్సరాల క్రితం హోమో జాతికి చెందిన ఒక పూర్వీకుడి నుండి ఉద్భవించిందని భావించారు.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "శరీర నిర్మాణపరంగా ఆధునిక" పదనిర్మాణ వర్గీకరణతో ఒక సమస్య ఏమిటంటే ఇది విస్తారమైన జనాభాను కలిగి ఉండదు. ఈ కారణంగా హోమో సేపియన్ల వంశ-ఆధారిత (క్లాడిస్టికు) నిర్వచనం సూచించబడింది. దీనిలో హోమో సేపియన్ల నిర్వచనం ప్రకారం నియాండర్తలు వంశం నుండి విడిపోయిన తరువాత ఆధునిక మానవ వంశాన్ని సూచిస్తుంది. ఇటువంటి క్లాడిస్టికు నిర్వచనం హోమో సేపియన్ల వయస్సును 500,000 సంవత్సరాలకు విస్తరిస్తుంది.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>విస్తృతమైన మానవ జనాభా చారిత్రాత్మకంగా ఉపజాతులుగా విభజించబడింది.కాని 1980 ల నుండి ప్రస్తుతం ఉన్న అన్ని సమూహాలు ఒకే జాతి హోమో సేపియన్ల లోకి ఉపసంహరించబడ్డాయి.ఇవి ఉపజాతులుగా విభజించడాన్ని పూర్తిగా నివారించాయి.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>కొన్ని మూలాలు నియాండర్తల్సు (హోమో నియాండర్తలెన్సిస్‌) ను ఒక ఉపజాతిగా చూపించాయి (హోమో సేపియన్స్ నియాండర్తలెన్సిస్‌).<sup id="cite_ref-HublinOrigin_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HublinOrigin-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HFMcN_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HFMcN-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> అదేవిధంగా హోమో రోడెసియెన్సిసు జాతుల కనుగొనబడిన నమూనాలను కొందరు ఉపజాతులు (హోమో సేపియన్స్ రోడెసియెన్సిసు) గా వర్గీకరించారు. అయినప్పటికీ ఈ చివరి రెండింటిని హోమో జాతికి చెందిన ప్రత్యేక జాతులుగా కాకుండా హెచ్ సేపియన్ల లోపల ఉపజాతులుగా పరిగణించడం సర్వసాధారణం.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>హోమో సేపియన్స్ అనే ఉపజాతుల పేరు కొన్నిసార్లు "ఆధునిక మానవులు" లేదా "శరీర నిర్మాణపరంగా ఆధునిక మానవులు"కు బదులుగా అనధికారికంగా ఉపయోగించబడుతుంది. దీనికి అధికారిక అంగీకారం లేదు.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2000 ల ప్రారంభంలో హోమో లను ఉపయోగించడం సర్వసాధారణమైంది. సమకాలీన మానవులందరి పూర్వీకుల జనాభా కోసం సేపియన్స్, ఇది మరింత నిర్బంధ అర్థంలో ద్విపద హోమో సేపియన్లకు సమానం (హోమో నియాండర్తాలెన్సిస్‌ను ప్రత్యేక జాతిగా పరిగణించి) <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="నోట్స్"><span id=".E0.B0.A8.E0.B1.8B.E0.B0.9F.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B8.E0.B1.8D"></span>నోట్స్</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=2" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: నోట్స్"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4300226">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-350kiloyearsAgo-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-350kiloyearsAgo_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on Schlebusch et al., "Southern African ancient genomes estimate modern human divergence to 350,000 to 260,000 years ago",<sup id="cite_ref-Schlebusch350-260_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schlebusch350-260-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d2ufo47lrtsv5s.cloudfront.net/content/sci/early/2017/09/27/science.aao6266/F3.large.jpg">Fig. 3</a> (<i>H. sapiens</i> divergence times) and Stringer (2012),<sup id="cite_ref-Stringer2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stringer2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (archaic admixture).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">This is a matter of convention (rather than a factual dispute), and there is no universal consensus on terminology. Some scholars include humans of up to 600,000 years ago under the same species. See Bryant (2003), p. 811.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See also Tattersall (2012), Page 82 (<i>cf</i>. Unfortunately this consensus in principle hardly clarifies matters much in practice. For there is no agreement on what the 'qualities of a man' actually are," [...]).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Werdelin<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> citing Lieberman et al.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The history of claimed or proposed subspecies of <i>H. sapiens</i> is complicated and fraught with controversy. The only widely recognized archaic subspecies<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF" title="వికీపీడియా:ఆధారం కావాలి"><span title="ఈ పాఠ్యానికి తగు విశ్వసనీయమైన మూలాలు అవసరం. (February 2019)">ఆధారం చూపాలి</span></a></i>]</sup> is <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homo_sapiens_idaltu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homo sapiens idaltu (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">H. sapiens idaltu</a></i> (2003). The name <i>H. s. sapiens</i> is due to <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">1758</a>), and refers by definition the subspecies of which Linnaeus himself is the type specimen. However, Linnaeus postulated four other extant subspecies, viz. <i>H. s. afer</i>, <i>H. s. americanus</i>, <i>H. s. asiaticus</i> and <i>H. s. ferus</i> for Africans, Americans, Asians and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malay_race&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malay race (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Malay</a>. This classification remained in common usage until the mid 20th century, sometimes alongside <i>H. s. tasmanianus</i> for Australians. See, for example, Bailey, 1946;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hall, 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-Hall_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hall-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division of extant human populations into taxonomic subspecies was gradually given up in the 1970s (for example, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grzimek%27s_Animal_Life_Encyclopedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Homo sapiens sapiens</i> is first used in the 1940s as a synonym of <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>' <i> H. s. europaeus</i>, i. e. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caucasoids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caucasoids (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Caucasoids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hall_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hall-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This usage is abandoned by the 1970s, and <i>H. s. sapiens</i> was now used for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cro-Magnon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cro-Magnon (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Cro-Magnon</a> by authors who wished to classify Neanderthals as subspecies of <i>H. sapiens</i> taken in a wider sense, for example Seely.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, "DMA studies have revealed that the first anatomically modern humans (<i>H. s. sapiens</i>) arose in Africa between 200,000 and 140,000 years ago".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This usage persists alongside <i>H. s. sapiens</i> designating Upper Paleolithic Cro Magnon, for example. "About 200,000 years ago our own species, Homo sapiens (the thinking human), evolved [...] About 60,000 years ago we became elaborate artisans, building boats and intricate shelters; at this stage, scientists refer to us as <i>Homo sapiens sapiens</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="మూలాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.AE.E0.B1.82.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>మూలాలు</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&section=3" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: మూలాలు"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IUCN-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-IUCN_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4342780">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGlobal_Mammal_Assessment_Team2008" class="citation journal cs1">Global Mammal Assessment Team (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136584/4313662">"Homo sapiens"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUCN_Red_List&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IUCN Red List (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2008</b>: e.T136584A4313662. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T136584A4313662.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T136584A4313662.en</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Homo+sapiens&rft.volume=2008&rft.pages=e.T136584A4313662&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T136584A4313662.en&rft.au=Global+Mammal+Assessment+Team&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F136584%2F4313662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schlebusch350-260-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Schlebusch350-260_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFSchlebusch2017" class="citation journal cs1">Schlebusch; et al. (3 November 2017). "Southern African ancient genomes estimate modern human divergence to 350,000 to 260,000 years ago". <i>Science</i>. <b>358</b> (6363): 652–655. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Sci...358..652S">2017Sci...358..652S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aao6266">10.1126/science.aao6266</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28971970">28971970</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Southern+African+ancient+genomes+estimate+modern+human+divergence+to+350%2C000+to+260%2C000+years+ago&rft.volume=358&rft.issue=6363&rft.pages=652-655&rft.date=2017-11-03&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28971970&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aao6266&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017Sci...358..652S&rft.au=Schlebusch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stringer2012-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Stringer2012_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFStringer2012" class="citation journal cs1">Stringer, C (2012). "What makes a modern human". <i>Nature</i>. <b>485</b> (7396): 33–35. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Natur.485...33S">2012Natur.485...33S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F485033a">10.1038/485033a</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22552077">22552077</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=What+makes+a+modern+human&rft.volume=485&rft.issue=7396&rft.pages=33-35&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22552077&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F485033a&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012Natur.485...33S&rft.aulast=Stringer&rft.aufirst=C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harrod2014-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Harrod2014_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFHarrod" class="citation journal cs1">Harrod, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/34411084">"Harrod (2014) Suppl File Table 1 mtDNA language myth Database rev May 17 2019.doc"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Harrod+%282014%29+Suppl+File+Table+1+mtDNA+language+myth+Database+rev+May+17+2019.doc&rft.aulast=Harrod&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F34411084&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_journal" title="మూస:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="సహాయం:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFNiteckiNitecki1994" class="citation book cs1">Nitecki, Matthew H; Nitecki, Doris V (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tzb5BwAAQBAJ"><i>Origins of Anatomically Modern Humans</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1489915079" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1489915079"><bdi>1489915079</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origins+of+Anatomically+Modern+Humans&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1489915079&rft.aulast=Nitecki&rft.aufirst=Matthew+H&rft.au=Nitecki%2C+Doris+V&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtzb5BwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFLinné1758" class="citation book cs1">Linné, Carl von (1758). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/80764#page/28/mode/1up"><i>Systema naturæ. Regnum animale</i></a> (10th ed.). Sumptibus Guilielmi Engelmann. pp. 18, 20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Systema+natur%C3%A6.+Regnum+animale&rft.pages=18%2C+20&rft.edition=10th&rft.pub=Sumptibus+Guilielmi+Engelmann&rft.date=1758&rft.aulast=Linn%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Carl+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F80764%23page%2F28%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFBryant2003" class="citation book cs1">Bryant, Clifton D (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3z9EpgisKOgC"><i>Handbook of Death and Dying</i></a>. SAGE. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/0761925147" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/0761925147"><bdi>0761925147</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Death+and+Dying&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0761925147&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Clifton+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3z9EpgisKOgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFTattersall2012" class="citation book cs1">Tattersall, Ian (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h5PGjJW8FLoC"><i>Masters of the Planet: The Search for Our Human Origins</i></a>. St Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/978-1137000385" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/978-1137000385"><bdi>978-1137000385</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masters+of+the+Planet%3A+The+Search+for+Our+Human+Origins&rft.pub=St+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1137000385&rft.aulast=Tattersall&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh5PGjJW8FLoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFWerdelinSanders2010" class="citation book cs1">Werdelin, Lars; Sanders, William Joseph (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6c8lDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA517"><i>Cenozoic Mammals of Africa</i></a>. Univ of California Press. p. 517. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9780520257214" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/9780520257214"><bdi>9780520257214</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cenozoic+Mammals+of+Africa&rft.pages=517&rft.pub=Univ+of+California+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780520257214&rft.aulast=Werdelin&rft.aufirst=Lars&rft.au=Sanders%2C+William+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6c8lDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFLiebermanMcBratneyKrovitz2002" class="citation journal cs1">Lieberman, DE; McBratney, BM; Krovitz, G (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC122156">"The evolution and development of cranial form in <i>Homo sapiens</i>"</a>. <i>PNAS</i>. <b>99</b> (3): 1134–39. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PNAS...99.1134L">2002PNAS...99.1134L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.022440799">10.1073/pnas.022440799</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC122156">122156</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11805284">11805284</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PNAS&rft.atitle=The+evolution+and+development+of+cranial+form+in+Homo+sapiens&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1134-39&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC122156%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11805284&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.022440799&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002PNAS...99.1134L&rft.aulast=Lieberman&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.au=McBratney%2C+BM&rft.au=Krovitz%2C+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC122156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFBailey1946" class="citation book cs1">Bailey, John Wendell (1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y3AxAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Mammals of Virginia</i></a>. p. 356.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mammals+of+Virginia&rft.pages=356&rft.date=1946&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=John+Wendell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy3AxAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hall-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hall_15-0">12.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hall_15-1">12.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFHall1946" class="citation journal cs1">Hall, E (1946). "Zoological Subspecies of Man at the Peace Table". <i>Journal of Mammalogy</i>. <b>27</b> (4): 358–364. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1375342">10.2307/1375342</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1375342">1375342</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=Zoological+Subspecies+of+Man+at+the+Peace+Table&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=358-364&rft.date=1946&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1375342&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1375342%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHNMAQAAIAAJ"><i>Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia</i></a>. Vol. 11. 1970. p. 55.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grzimek%27s+Animal+Life+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=55&rft.date=1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZHNMAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HublinOrigin-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HublinOrigin_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFHublin2009" class="citation journal cs1">Hublin, J. J. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752594">"The origin of Neandertals"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>106</b> (38): 16022–27. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..10616022H">2009PNAS..10616022H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0904119106">10.1073/pnas.0904119106</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40485013">40485013</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752594">2752594</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19805257">19805257</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+origin+of+Neandertals&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=38&rft.pages=16022-27&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2752594%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40485013%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009PNAS..10616022H&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19805257&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0904119106&rft.aulast=Hublin&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2752594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HFMcN-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HFMcN_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFHarvatiFrostMcNulty2004" class="citation journal cs1">Harvati, K.; Frost, S.R.; McNulty, K.P. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC337021">"Neanderthal taxonomy reconsidered: implications of 3D primate models of intra- and interspecific differences"</a>. <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</i>. <b>101</b> (5): 1147–52. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PNAS..101.1147H">2004PNAS..101.1147H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0308085100">10.1073/pnas.0308085100</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC337021">337021</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14745010">14745010</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc.+Natl.+Acad.+Sci.+U.S.A.&rft.atitle=Neanderthal+taxonomy+reconsidered%3A+implications+of+3D+primate+models+of+intra-+and+interspecific+differences&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1147-52&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC337021%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14745010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0308085100&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004PNAS..101.1147H&rft.aulast=Harvati&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Frost%2C+S.R.&rft.au=McNulty%2C+K.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC337021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<i>Homo neanderthalensis</i> King, 1864". <i>Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Human Evolution</i>. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. 2013. pp. 328–31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Homo+neanderthalensis+King%2C+1864&rft.btitle=Wiley-Blackwell+Encyclopedia+of+Human+Evolution&rft.place=Chichester%2C+West+Sussex&rft.pages=328-31&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFSeely1971" class="citation journal cs1">Seely, Paul H (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1971/JASA12-71Seely.html">"Not a Viable Theory"</a>. <i>The Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation</i>. <b>23</b> (4): 134.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+American+Scientific+Affiliation&rft.atitle=Not+a+Viable+Theory&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=134&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Seely&rft.aufirst=Paul+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asa3.org%2FASA%2FPSCF%2F1971%2FJASA12-71Seely.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFParker2001" class="citation book cs1">Parker, Geoffrey (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HxR3FsDkmAQC"><i>Compact history of the world</i></a>. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/9780760725757" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/9780760725757"><bdi>9780760725757</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Compact+history+of+the+world&rft.pages=14&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780760725757&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHxR3FsDkmAQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFRosenstand2002" class="citation book cs1">Rosenstand, Nina (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ki8QAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Human Condition: An Introduction to Philosophy of Human Nature</i></a>. McGraw-Hill. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/1559347643" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/1559347643"><bdi>1559347643</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Human+Condition%3A+An+Introduction+to+Philosophy+of+Human+Nature&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1559347643&rft.aulast=Rosenstand&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKi8QAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div><div class="navbox-styles"><style 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href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="సహెలాంత్రోపస్">సహెలాంత్రోపస్</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">చిట్ట చివరి ఉమ్మడి పూర్వీకులు</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80-%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="చింపాంజీ-మానవ చివరి ఉమ్మడి పూర్వీకుడు">చింపాంజీ-మానవ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE-%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="గొరిల్లా-మానవ చివరి ఉమ్మడి పూర్వీకుడు">గొరిల్లా-మానవ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%92%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D-%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="ఒరంగుటన్-మానవ చివరి ఉమ్మడి పూర్వీకుడు">ఒరంగుటన్-మానవ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D-%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="గిబ్బన్-మానవ చివరి ఉమ్మడి పూర్వీకుడు">గిబ్బన్-మానవ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ఆస్ట్రలోపిథెసీన్లు</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆర్డిపిథెకస్">ఆర్డిపిథెకస్</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="కెన్యాంత్రోపస్">కెన్యాంత్రోపస్</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆస్ట్రలోపిథెకస్">ఆస్ట్రలోపిథెకస్</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆస్ట్రలోపిథెకస్ అఫారెన్సిస్">ఎ. అఫారెన్సిస్</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆస్ట్రలోపిథెకస్ ఆఫ్రికానస్">ఎ. ఆఫ్రికానస్</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆస్ట్రలోపిథెకస్ అనామెన్సిస్">ఎ. అనామెన్సిస్</a></i></li> <li><i>ఆస్ట్రలోపిథెకస్ బహ్రెల్‌ఘజాలి</i></li> <li><i>ఆస్ట్రలోపిథెకస్ డెయిరెమెడా</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BF" title="ఆస్ట్రలోపిథెకస్ గార్హి">ఎ. గార్హి</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE" title="ఆస్ట్రలోపిథెకస్ సెడీబా">ఎ. సెడీబా</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><i>పారాంత్రోపస్</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>పారాంత్రోపస్ ఏథియోపికస్</i></li> <li><i>పారాంత్రోపస్ బాయిసీ</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="పారాంత్రోపస్ రోబస్టస్">పి. రోబస్టస్</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B" title="హోమో">మానవులు,<br />అదిమ మానవులు<br />(<i>హోమో</i>)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proto-humans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="హోమో హ్యాబిలిస్">హెచ్. హ్యాబిలిస్</a></i></li> <li><i>హోమో ఫ్లోరేసియెన్సిస్</i></li> <li><i>హోమో గాటెంగెన్సిస్</i></li> <li><i>హోమో రుడాల్ఫెన్సిస్</i></li> <li><i>హోమో ట్సాయ్‌చాంగెన్సిస్</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="హోమో ఎరెక్టస్">హోమో ఎరెక్టస్</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="హోమో ఎర్గాస్టర్">హెచ్. ఎర్గాస్టర్</a></i></li> <li><i>జావా మనిషి (హెచ్. ఇ. ఎరెక్టస్)</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D#హోమో_ఎరెక్టస్_జార్జికస్" title="హోమో ఎరెక్టస్">హెచ్. ఇ. జార్జికస్</a></i></li> <li><i>లాంటియన్ మనిషి (హెచ్. ఇ. లాంటియానెన్సిస్)</i></li> <li><i>నాన్‌జింగ్ మనిషి (హెచ్. ఇ. నాన్కినెన్సిస్)</i></li> <li><i>మెగాంత్రోపస్హె (చ్. ఇ. పాలియోజావానికస్)</i></li> <li><i>పెకింగ్ మనిషి (హెచ్. ఇ. పెకినెన్సిస్)</i></li> <li><i>సోలో మనిషి (హెచ్. ఇ. సోలోయెన్సిస్)</i></li> <li><i>టౌటవేల్ మనిషి (హెచ్. ఇ. టౌటవేలెన్సిస్)</i></li> <li><i>యువాన్‌మో మనిషి (హెచ్. ఇ. యువాన్‌మోయెన్సిస్)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="పురాతన మానవులు">పురాతన మానవులు</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>హోమో యాంటెసెస్సర్</i></li> <li><i>సెప్రానో మనిషి (హెచ్. సెప్రానెన్సిస్)</i></li> <li><i>హోమో డెనిసోవన్</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="హోమో హైడెల్‌బెర్గెన్సిస్">హెచ్. హైడెల్‌బెర్గెన్సిస్</a></i></li> <li><i>ఫ్లోరిస్‌బాడ్ పుర్రె (హెచ్. హెల్మీ)</i></li> <li><i>హోమో లుజోనెన్సిస్</i></li> <li><i>హోమో నలేడి</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="నియాండర్తల్">హెచ్. నియాండలర్తలెన్సిస్</a></i></li> <li><i>హోమో రొడీసియెన్సిస్</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="మానవులు">ఆధునిక మానవులు</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="హోమో_సేపియన్స్" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">హోమో సేపియన్స్</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomically_modern_human" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomically modern human"><i>హెచ్. ఎస్. సేపియెన్స్</i> (archaic హోమో sapiens, anatomically modern humans)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="జెబెల్ ఇర్హౌద్ (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">జెబెల్ ఇర్హౌద్</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="హోమో సేపియెన్స్ ఇడాల్టు (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">హెచ్. ఎస్. ఇడాల్టు</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="క్రో మాన్యాన్ (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">ఐరోపా తొలి ఆధునిక మానవులు (క్రో మాన్యాన్)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="మానోట్ 1 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">మానోట్ ప్రజలు</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B9_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="రెడ్ డీర్ గుహ ప్రజలు (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">రెడ్ డీర్ గుహ ప్రజలు</a> <ul><li>?</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%82" title="మానవ పరిణామం">పూర్వీకులు</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="హోమో హ్యాబిలిస్">హోమో హ్యాబిలిస్</a></i> → <i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="హోమో ఎరెక్టస్">హోమో ఎరెక్టస్</a></i> (→ <i>హోమో యాంటెసెస్సర్</i>)<sup>?</sup> → <i>పురాతన హోమో సేపియెన్స్</i> → <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">హోమో సేపియన్స్</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hunting hypothesis</li> <li>Gathering hypothesis</li> <li>Endurance running hypothesis</li> <li>Aquatic ape hypothesis</li> <li>Sexual selection in humans</li> <li>Self-domestication#In humans</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Diet <ul><li>Control of fire by early humans</li> <li>Expensive tissue hypothesis</li> <li>Aquatic ape hypothesis</li> <li>Drunken monkey hypothesis</li></ul></li> <li>Behavior <ul><li>Killer ape theory</li> <li>Cooperative eye hypothesis</li></ul></li> <li>Life history <ul><li>Grandmother hypothesis</li> <li>Patriarch hypothesis</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bipedalism#Evolution of human bipedalism</li> <li>Human skeletal changes due to bipedalism</li> <li>Muscular evolution in humans</li> <li>Human skin color</li> <li>Hair#Evolution</li> <li>Cold and heat adaptations in humans</li> <li>Evolution of human colour vision</li> <li>Origin of speech</li> <li>Origin of language</li> <li>Evolution of human intelligence</li> <li>Sexual division of labour#Hypotheses for the evolutionary origins of SDL</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#మూలం">ఆధునిక మానవుల ఉద్భవం</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%82" title="ఆధునిక మానవుల ఇటీవలి ఆఫ్రికా మూలం">ఇటీవలి ఆఫ్రికా మూలం</a></li> <li>Multiregional origin of modern humans</li> <li>Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans</li> <li>Behavioral modernity</li> <li>Early human migrations</li> <li>Recent human evolution</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Timelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Timeline of human evolution</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE" title="మానవ పరిణామ శిలాజాల జాబితా">శిలాజాలు</a></li> <li>Evolutionary anthropology</li></ul> 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href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="వర్గం:మూలాలు చేర్చవలసిన పాఠ్యమున్న వ్యాసాలు">మూలాలు చేర్చవలసిన పాఠ్యమున్న వ్యాసాలు</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81_from_February_2019&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వర్గం:మూలాలు చేర్చవలసిన పాఠ్యమున్న వ్యాసాలు from February 2019 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">మూలాలు చేర్చవలసిన పాఠ్యమున్న వ్యాసాలు from February 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3_%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="వర్గం:క్లుప్త వివరణ ఉన్న articles">క్లుప్త వివరణ ఉన్న articles</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:IUCN_Red_List_least_concern_species&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వర్గం:IUCN Red List least concern species (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">IUCN Red List least concern species</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="వర్గం:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:Taxobox_articles_missing_a_taxonbar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వర్గం:Taxobox articles missing a taxonbar (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Taxobox articles missing a taxonbar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%82" title="వర్గం:మానవ పరిణామం">మానవ పరిణామం</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="వర్గం:మానవ పూర్వీకులు">మానవ పూర్వీకులు</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:%E0%B0%90.%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81.%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF.%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D._%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B3%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE" title="వర్గం:ఐ.యు.సి.ఎన్. కనీస ఆందోళనకర ఎర్ర జాతులు జాబితా">ఐ.యు.సి.ఎన్. కనీస ఆందోళనకర ఎర్ర జాతులు జాబితా</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">దాచిన వర్గాలు: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:Articles_with_invalid_date_parameter_in_template" title="వర్గం:Articles with invalid date parameter in template">Articles with invalid date parameter in template</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="వర్గం:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="వర్గం:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="వర్గం:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>మార్గదర్శకపు మెనూ</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">వ్యక్తిగత పరికరాలు</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anonuserpage" class="mw-list-item"><span title="మీ ఐపీ చిరునామాకి సంబంధించిన వాడుకరి పేజీ">లాగిన్ అయిలేరు</span></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A" title="ఈ ఐపీ చిరునామా నుండి చేసిన మార్పుల గురించి చర్చ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ఈ IP కి సంబంధించిన చర్చ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81-%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ఈ IP అడ్రసు నుండి చేసిన దిద్దుబాట్ల జాబితా [y]" accesskey="y"><span>మార్పుచేర్పులు</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%81&returnto=%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="మీరొక ఖాతాను సృష్టించుకొని, లాగినవడాన్ని ప్రోత్సహిస్తాం; అయితే, అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు"><span>ఖాతా సృష్టించుకోండి</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82&returnto=%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="మిమ్మల్ని లాగినవమని ప్రోత్సహిస్తున్నాం; కానీ అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు. [o]" accesskey="o"><span>లాగినవండి</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav id="p-namespaces" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-namespaces vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" > <h3 id="p-namespaces-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">పేరుబరులు</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="విషయపు పేజీని చూడండి [c]" accesskey="c"><span>వ్యాసం</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A:%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" rel="discussion" title="విషయపు పేజీ గురించి చర్చ [t]" accesskey="t"><span>చర్చ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-variants" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-variants-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <label id="p-variants-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">తెలుగు</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <nav id="p-views" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-views vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" > <h3 id="p-views-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">చూపులు</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D"><span>చదువు</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D&action=edit" title="ఈ పేజీ సోర్సుకోడ్‌ను దిద్దండి [e]" accesskey="e"><span>మార్చు</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D&action=history" title="ఈ పేజీ మునుపటి కూర్పులు [h]" accesskey="h"><span>చరిత్ర</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-cactions" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" title="మరిన్ని ఎంపికలు" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-cactions-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-cactions" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" > <label id="p-cactions-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">మరిన్ని</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <h3 >వెతుకు</h3> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="vector-search-box-form"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="vector-search-box-inner" data-search-loc="header-navigation"> <input class="vector-search-box-input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="వికీపీడియా‌లో వెతకండి" aria-label="వికీపీడియా‌లో వెతకండి" autocapitalize="sentences" title="వికీపీడియా లో వెతకండి [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ప్రత్యేక:అన్వేషణ"> <input id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton" type="submit" name="fulltext" title="పేజీలలో ఈ పాఠ్యం కొరకు వెతుకు" value="వెతుకు"> <input id="searchButton" class="searchButton" type="submit" name="go" title="కచ్చితంగా ఇదే పేరుతో పేజీ ఉంటే అక్కడికి తీసుకెళ్ళు" value="వెళ్లు"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel" class="vector-legacy-sidebar"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"> <a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80" title="మొదటి పేజీ చూడండి"></a> </div> <nav id="p-navigation" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label" > <h3 id="p-navigation-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">మార్గదర్శకము</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a 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href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇక్కడికి లింకై ఉన్న అన్ని వికీ పేజీల జాబితా [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ఇక్కడికి లింకున్న పేజీలు</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" rel="nofollow" title="ఈ పేజీకి లింకై ఉన్న 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దించుకోండి</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D&printable=yes" title="ఈ పేజీకి ముద్రించుకోదగ్గ కూర్పు [p]" accesskey="p"><span>అచ్చుతీయదగ్గ కూర్పు</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">ఇతర ప్రాజెక్టులలో</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Homo_sapiens" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15978631" title="ఈ పేజీకి జత చేసి ఉన్న వికీడేటా పేజీకి లంకె [g]" accesskey="g"><span>వికీడేటా అంశం</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">ఇతర భాషలు</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – ఇంగ్లీష్" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ఇంగ్లీష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="ஓமோ சப்பியன்சு – తమిళము" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓமோ சப்பியன்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="తమిళము" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഹോമോ സാപ്പിയൻസ് – మలయాళం" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹോമോ സാപ്പിയൻസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="మలయాళం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – అరగోనిస్" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="అరగోనిస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84" title="إنسان عاقل – అరబిక్" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنسان عاقل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="అరబిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84" title="الانسان العاقل – ఈజిప్షియన్ అరబిక్" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الانسان العاقل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="ఈజిప్షియన్ అరబిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – ఆస్టూరియన్" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ఆస్టూరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayik_(Homo_sapiens)" title="Ayik (Homo sapiens) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Ayik (Homo sapiens)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – అజర్బైజాని" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="అజర్బైజాని" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86(%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86)" title="هوموساپین(ایگیتلردن) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هوموساپین(ایگیتلردن)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Чалавек разумны – బెలారుషియన్" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чалавек разумны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="బెలారుషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Разумен човек – బల్గేరియన్" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Разумен човек" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="బల్గేరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="होमो सैपियंस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="होमो सैपियंस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – బోస్నియన్" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="బోస్నియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – కాటలాన్" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="కాటలాన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%84%82" title="儂 – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="儂" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%82%D1%81-%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BD%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ăс-тăнлă этем – చువాష్" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ăс-тăнлă этем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="చువాష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – వెల్ష్" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="వెల్ష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – జర్మన్" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="జర్మన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – స్పానిష్" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="స్పానిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – బాస్క్యూ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="బాస్క్యూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_Sapiens" title="Homo Sapiens – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Homo Sapiens" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF" title="انسان خردمند – పర్షియన్" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انسان خردمند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="పర్షియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – ఫ్రెంచ్" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ఫ్రెంచ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens sapiens – గాలిషియన్" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Homo sapiens sapiens" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="గాలిషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人 – హక్కా చైనీస్" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="人" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="హక్కా చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F" title="האדם הנבון – హిబ్రూ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האדם הנבון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="హిబ్రూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – హైటియన్ క్రియోల్" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="హైటియన్ క్రియోల్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – ఇంటర్లింగ్వా" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ఇంటర్లింగ్వా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – ఇటాలియన్" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ఇటాలియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%94%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="ホモ・サピエンス – జపనీస్" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホモ・サピエンス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="జపనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="გონიერი ადამიანი – జార్జియన్" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გონიერი ადამიანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="జార్జియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afgan_amasnag" title="Afgan amasnag – కాబిల్" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Afgan amasnag" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="కాబిల్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Саналы адам – కజఖ్" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Саналы адам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="కజఖ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EB%AA%A8_%EC%82%AC%ED%94%BC%EC%97%94%EC%8A%A4" title="호모 사피엔스 – కొరియన్" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호모 사피엔스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="కొరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – లాటిన్" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="లాటిన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ABnsch" title="Mënsch – లక్సెంబర్గిష్" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mënsch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="లక్సెంబర్గిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omuntu_kalimagezi" title="Omuntu kalimagezi – గాండా" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Omuntu kalimagezi" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="గాండా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_Sapiens" title="Homo Sapiens – మలగాసి" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Homo Sapiens" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="మలగాసి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – మిరాండిస్" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="మిరాండిస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3" title="هومو ساپینس – మాసన్‌దెరాని" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هومو ساپینس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="మాసన్‌దెరాని" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – లో జర్మన్" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="లో జర్మన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – డచ్" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="డచ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkaisk_homo_sapiens" title="Arkaisk homo sapiens – నార్వేజియన్ బొక్మాల్" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Arkaisk homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="నార్వేజియన్ బొక్మాల్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – ఆక్సిటన్" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ఆక్సిటన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%C3%A6_%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Æмбаргæ адæймаг – ఒసేటిక్" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æмбаргæ адæймаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ఒసేటిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%8C" title="باشعور آدمی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="باشعور آدمی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DA%93%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لومړنی عصري انسان – పాష్టో" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لومړنی عصري انسان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="పాష్టో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – పోర్చుగీస్" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="పోర్చుగీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – రోమేనియన్" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="రోమేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Человек разумный – రష్యన్" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Человек разумный" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="రష్యన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Чоловік розумный – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Чоловік розумный" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – అల్బేనియన్" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="అల్బేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/cyoli%E2%80%99" title="cyoli’ – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="cyoli’" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – టర్కిష్" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="టర్కిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Людина розумна – ఉక్రెయినియన్" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Людина розумна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ఉక్రెయినియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%8C" title="باشعور آدمی – ఉర్దూ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="باشعور آدمی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ఉర్దూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_tinh_kh%C3%B4n" title="Người tinh khôn – వియత్నామీస్" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người tinh khôn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="వియత్నామీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens – వాలూన్" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Homo sapiens" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="వాలూన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E4%BA%BA" title="智人 – వు చైనీస్" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="智人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="వు చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E4%BA%BA" title="智人 – చైనీస్" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="智人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E4%BA%BA" title="智人 – కాంటనీస్" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="智人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="కాంటనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15978631#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="భాషాలింకులను మార్చు" class="wbc-editpage">లంకెలను మార్చు</a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ఈ పేజీలో చివరి మార్పు 12 నవంబరు 2023న 13:53కు జరిగింది.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">పాఠ్యం <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">క్రియేటివ్ కామన్స్ అట్రిబ్యూషన్/షేర్-ఎలైక్ లైసెన్సు</a>; క్రింద లభ్యం అదనపు షరతులు వర్తించవచ్చు. మరిన్ని వివరాలకు <a class="external 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