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class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Births-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Births subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–February" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–February"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>January–February</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–February-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March–April" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March–April"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>March–April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March–April-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May–June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May–June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>May–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May–June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September–October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September–October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>September–October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September–October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>January</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-February_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>February</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_Prizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_Prizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nobel Prizes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_Prizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1913</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 198 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-198" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">198 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1913 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1913 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1913 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1913 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B1%DB%B3_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۹۱۳ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۹۱۳ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A9" title="১৯১৩ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৯১৩" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_n%C3%AE" title="1913 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1913 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1913 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1913 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913." title="1913. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1913." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1913 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1913 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B1%DB%B3" title="۱۹۱۳ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۹۱۳" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_%D1%88%D1%83" title="1913 шу – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="1913 шу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913%E5%B9%B4" title="1913年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1913年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913-ngi%C3%A8n" title="1913-ngièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1913-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913%EB%85%84" title="1913년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1913년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A9" title="१९१३ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१९१३" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913." title="1913. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1913." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A9" title="মারি ১৯১৩ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৯১৩" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1913-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1913-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AF%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%A9" title="೧೯೧೩ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೯೧೩" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1913 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1913 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1913 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1913 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1913-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1913-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1913 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1913 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_%D0%B8" title="1913 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1913 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913._gads" title="1913. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1913. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1913 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1913 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_m." title="1913 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1913 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913moi" title="1913moi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="1913moi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A9" title="१९१३ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१९१३" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A9" title="इ.स. १९१३ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १९१३" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B1%DB%B3" title="۱۹۱۳ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۹۱۳" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1913 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1913 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1913 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1913 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%81%E1%81%83" title="၁၉၁၃ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၉၁၃" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A9" title="ई सं १९१३ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १९१३" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913%E5%B9%B4" title="1913年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1913年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1913 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1913 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AF%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%A9" title="୧୯୧୩ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୯୧୩" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A9" title="१९१३ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१९१३" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1913" title="Joohr 1913 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1913" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1913 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1913 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913%D8%B9" title="1913ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1913ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A1%D9%A3" title="١٩١٣ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٩١٣" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913." title="1913. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1913." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1913 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1913 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2456" title="พ.ศ. 2456 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2456" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1913" title="Соли 1913 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1913" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1913 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1913 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913%D8%A1" title="1913ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1913ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_-_%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="1913 - يىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="1913 - يىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_nienz" title="1913 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1913 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4" title="一九一三年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一九一三年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913%E5%B9%B4" title="1913年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1913年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913%E5%B9%B4" title="1913年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1913年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913" title="1913 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1913" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2080#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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century">21st century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1890s" title="1890s">1890s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900s" title="1900s">1900s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1910s" title="1910s">1910s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920s" title="1920s">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930s" title="1930s">1930s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1910" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1910">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1911" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1911">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1912" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1912">1912</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1913" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1913">1913</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1914">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1915" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1915">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1916" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1916">1916</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1913" title="Category:1913">1913 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Subject</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_animation" title="1913 in animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_archaeology" title="1913 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_architecture" title="1913 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_art" title="1913 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_aviation" title="1913 in aviation">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1913_awards" title="Category:1913 awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_comics" class="mw-redirect" title="1913 in comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_film" title="1913 in film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_literature" title="1913 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_poetry" title="1913 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1913_meteorology" title="Category:1913 meteorology">Meteorology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_music" title="1913 in music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_jazz" title="1913 in jazz">Jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_rail_transport" title="1913 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_radio" title="1913 in radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_science" title="1913 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_sports" title="1913 in sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_association_football" title="1913 in association football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1913 in television">Television</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Afghanistan" title="1913 in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Australia" title="1913 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Belgium" title="1913 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Brazil" title="1913 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="1913 in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Canada" title="1913 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_China" title="1913 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Denmark" title="1913 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_France" title="1913 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Germany" title="1913 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_India" title="1913 in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Ireland" title="1913 in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Italy" title="1913 in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Japan" title="1913 in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Mexico" title="1913 in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_New_Zealand" title="1913 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Norway" title="1913 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="1913 in the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Ottoman_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="1913 in Ottoman Syria">Ottoman Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1913 in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Portugal" title="1913 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Russia" title="1913 in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_South_Africa" title="1913 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Spain" title="1913 in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Sweden" title="1913 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1913 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_the_United_States" title="1913 in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_1913" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in 1913">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1913" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1913">Sovereign state leaders</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_20th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 20th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_20th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 20th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1913_in_law" title="Category:1913 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1913_births" title="Category:1913 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1913_deaths" title="Category:1913 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1913_establishments" title="Category:1913 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1913_disestablishments" title="Category:1913 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1913_works" title="Category:1913 works">Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1913_introductions" title="Category:1913 introductions">Introductions</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C20_year_in_topic" title="Template:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C20_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C20_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1913 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1913<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCMXIII</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2666</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1362<br />ԹՎ ՌՅԿԲ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6663</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>69–70</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1834–1835</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1319–1320</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2863</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>3 <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">Geo. 5</a> – 4 <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">Geo. 5</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2457</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1275</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7421–7422</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">壬子</a>年 (Water <a href="/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)" title="Rat (zodiac)">Rat</a>)<br />4610 or 4403<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />癸丑年 (Water <a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>)<br />4611 or 4404</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1629–1630</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3079</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1905–1906</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5673–5674</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1969–1970</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1834–1835</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>5013–5014</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11913</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>913–914</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1291–1292</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1331–1332</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Taishō">Taishō</a> 2<br />(大正２年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1842–1843</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar">Juche calendar</a></td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 13 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4246</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a> 2<br />民國2年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>445</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2455–2456</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳水鼠年<br />(male Water-<a href="/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)" title="Rat (zodiac)">Rat</a>)<br />2039 or 1658 or 886<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴水牛年<br />(female Water-<a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>)<br />2040 or 1659 or 887</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1913" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1913">1913</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>1913</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MCMXIII</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Wednesday" title="Common year starting on Wednesday">common year starting on Wednesday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Tuesday" title="Common year starting on Tuesday">common year starting on Tuesday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1913th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 913th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 13th year of the <a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a>, and the 4th year of the <a href="/wiki/1910s" title="1910s">1910s</a> decade. As of the start of 1913, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/January_1913" title="January 1913">January 1913</a></div> <ul><li>January – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> travels to <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> to research his <i><a href="/wiki/Marxism_and_the_National_Question" title="Marxism and the National Question">Marxism and the National Question</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that, during this month, Stalin, <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trotsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Trotsky">Trotsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tito" class="mw-redirect" title="Tito">Tito</a> are all living in the city.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a>: Greece completes its <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chios_(1912)" title="Battle of Chios (1912)">capture</a> of the eastern Aegean island of <a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a>, as the last Ottoman forces on the island surrender.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Edward Carson</a> founds the (first) <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Volunteers" title="Ulster Volunteers">Ulster Volunteer Force</a>, by unifying several existing <a href="/wiki/Ulster_loyalism" title="Ulster loyalism">loyalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militias</a> to resist <a href="/wiki/Home_rule" title="Home rule">home rule</a> for Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-Cottrell_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cottrell-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – First Balkan War: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lemnos_(1913)" title="Battle of Lemnos (1913)">Battle of Lemnos</a> – Greek admiral <a href="/wiki/Pavlos_Kountouriotis" title="Pavlos Kountouriotis">Pavlos Kountouriotis</a> forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the <a href="/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles">Dardanelles</a>, from which it will not venture for the rest of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/1913_Ottoman_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1913 Ottoman coup d'état">1913 Ottoman coup d'état</a>: <a href="/wiki/Enver_Pasha" title="Enver Pasha">Enver Pasha</a> comes to power.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/February_1913" title="February 1913">February 1913</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> – New York City's <a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a>, having been rebuilt, reopens as the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Train_station" title="Train station">railroad station</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> is ratified, authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income taxes</a> on all sources of income, not just some.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a>: "<a href="/wiki/Ten_Tragic_Days" title="Ten Tragic Days">La Decena Trágica</a>", the rebellion of some military chiefs against the President <a href="/wiki/Francisco_I._Madero" title="Francisco I. Madero">Francisco I. Madero</a>, begins.<sup id="cite_ref-desconocido_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-desconocido-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – Thubten Gyatso, the <a href="/wiki/13th_Dalai_Lama" title="13th Dalai Lama">13th Dalai Lama</a>, declares the independence of <a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a> from <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – Mexican Revolution: President <a href="/wiki/Francisco_I._Madero" title="Francisco I. Madero">Francisco I. Madero</a> and Vice President <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Pino_Su%C3%A1rez" title="José María Pino Suárez">José María Pino Suárez</a> are forced to resign. <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Lascur%C3%A1in" title="Pedro Lascuráin">Pedro Lascuráin</a> serves as president for less than an hour, before General <a href="/wiki/Victoriano_Huerta" title="Victoriano Huerta">Victoriano Huerta</a>, leader of the coup, takes office.<sup id="cite_ref-desconocido_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-desconocido-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – Mexican Revolution: Francisco I. Madero and José María Pino Suárez are assassinated.<sup id="cite_ref-desconocido_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-desconocido-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> is arrested by the Russian secret police, the <a href="/wiki/Okhrana" title="Okhrana">Okhrana</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Petrograd</a>, and exiled to <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/March_1913" title="March 1913">March 1913</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March" title="March">March</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Romanov" title="House of Romanov">House of Romanov</a> celebrates the 300th anniversary of its succession to the throne, amidst an outpouring of <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchist</a> sentiment in <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a>.</li> <li>Following the assassination of his rival <a href="/wiki/Song_Jiaoren" title="Song Jiaoren">Song Jiaoren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shikai" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a> uses military force to dissolve <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">China</a>'s parliament, and rules as a dictator.</li></ul></li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – British steamship <i>Calvados</i> disappears in the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a>, with 200 on board.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Woman_Suffrage_Procession" title="Woman Suffrage Procession">Woman Suffrage Procession</a> takes place in Washington, D.C. led by <a href="/wiki/Inez_Milholland" title="Inez Milholland">Inez Milholland</a> on horseback.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Commerce">U.S. Department of Commerce</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Labor" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Labor">U.S. Department of Labor</a> are established, by splitting the duties of the 10-year-old <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Commerce_and_Labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Commerce and Labor">Department of Commerce and Labor</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">Census Bureau</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Bureau_of_Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Bureau of Fisheries">U.S. Bureau of Fisheries</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey" title="United States Coast and Geodetic Survey">U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey</a> form part of the Department of Commerce.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a>–<a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">6</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bizani" title="Battle of Bizani">Battle of Bizani</a> – Forces of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece_(Gl%C3%BCcksburg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg)">Kingdom of Greece</a> capture the forts of <a href="/wiki/Bizani" title="Bizani">Bizani</a> (covering the approaches to <a href="/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina">Ioannina</a>) from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alum_Chine_explosion" title="Alum Chine explosion"><i>Alum Chine</i> explosion</a>: British freighter <i>Alum Chine</i>, carrying 343 tons of dynamite, explodes in the harbour of <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, Maryland.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pancho_Villa" title="Pancho Villa">Pancho Villa</a> returns to Mexico from his self-imposed exile in the United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – The Military Aviation Academy (Escuela de Aviación Militar) is founded in Uruguay, to become the Military Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Militar) on <a href="/wiki/4_December" class="mw-redirect" title="4 December">4 December</a> <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Air_Force" title="Uruguayan Air Force">Uruguayan Air Force</a> (FAU) will grow from this foundation).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – King <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">George I of Greece</a> is assassinated after 50 years on the throne; he is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_of_Greece" title="Constantine I of Greece">Constantine I</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sung_Chiao-jen" class="mw-redirect" title="Sung Chiao-jen">Sung Chiao-jen</a>, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party (<a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a>), is wounded in an assassination attempt, and dies two days later.</li> <li>The city of <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, the center of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a>, becomes the official capital of the <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – Supporters of <a href="/wiki/Phan_X%C3%ADch_Long" title="Phan Xích Long">Phan Xích Long</a> begin a revolt against colonial rule in <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Great_Dayton_Flood" title="Great Dayton Flood">Great Dayton Flood</a>, after four days of rain in the <a href="/wiki/Miami_Valley" title="Miami Valley">Miami Valley</a>, kills over 360 and destroys 20,000 homes (chiefly in <a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton, Ohio</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a>: <a href="/wiki/Venustiano_Carranza" title="Venustiano Carranza">Venustiano Carranza</a> announces his <a href="/wiki/Plan_of_Guadalupe" title="Plan of Guadalupe">Plan of Guadalupe</a>, and begins his rebellion against <a href="/wiki/Victoriano_Huerta" title="Victoriano Huerta">Victoriano Huerta</a>'s government, as head of the <i>Constitutionals</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Adrianople_(1912%E2%80%9313)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Adrianople (1912–13)">Siege of Adrianople</a> ends, when <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgarian</a> forces take <a href="/wiki/Adrianople" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrianople">Adrianople</a> from the Ottomans.</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naming_of_city_of_canberra_capital_hill_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Naming_of_city_of_canberra_capital_hill_1913.jpg/250px-Naming_of_city_of_canberra_capital_hill_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Naming_of_city_of_canberra_capital_hill_1913.jpg/330px-Naming_of_city_of_canberra_capital_hill_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1384" data-file-height="883" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a>: Australia begins building the new capital of <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/April_1913" title="April 1913">April 1913</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April" title="April">April</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Kellermann" title="Bernhard Kellermann">Bernhard Kellermann</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Tunnel_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Der Tunnel (novel)">Der Tunnel</a></i> is published.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Soccer_Federation" title="United States Soccer Federation">United States Soccer Federation</a> is formed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> is passed, dictating the direct election of senators.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cunard_Line" title="Cunard Line">Cunard</a> <a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">ocean liner</a> <a href="/wiki/RMS_Aquitania" title="RMS Aquitania">RMS <i>Aquitania</i></a>, built by <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_%26_Company" title="John Brown & Company">John Brown & Company</a>, is launched on the <a href="/wiki/River_Clyde" title="River Clyde">River Clyde</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Woolworth_Building" title="Woolworth Building">Woolworth Building</a> opens in New York City. Designed by <a href="/wiki/Cass_Gilbert" title="Cass Gilbert">Cass Gilbert</a>, it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings in the world">tallest building in the world</a> on this date, and for more than a decade after.<sup id="cite_ref-WDL_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WDL-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/May_1913" title="May 1913">May 1913</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Raja_Harishchandra" title="Raja Harishchandra">Raja Harishchandra</a></i>, the first full-length Indian <a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">feature film</a>, is released, marking the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">Indian film industry</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a>–<a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> – A major industrial strike occurs in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Country" title="Black Country">Black Country</a> of England, involving 25,000 workers, and threatening preparations for World War I in naval and steel industries. The workers demand 23 shillings minimum wage.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – New York Governor <a href="/wiki/William_Sulzer" title="William Sulzer">William Sulzer</a> approves the charter for the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a>, which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a>–<a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> moves from <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> to <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Victoria_Louise_of_Prussia" title="Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia">Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia</a> marries <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Augustus,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick">Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover</a> in Berlin, ending the decades-long rift between the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenzollern" title="House of Hohenzollern">Houses of Hohenzollern</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hanover" title="House of Hanover">Hanover</a> and marking the last great gathering of European sovereigns.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> (<a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky">Igor Sikorsky</a> becomes the first person to pilot a 4-engine <a href="/wiki/Fixed-wing_aircraft" title="Fixed-wing aircraft">fixed-wing aircraft</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a></i> (music by <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a>, conducted by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Monteux" title="Pierre Monteux">Pierre Monteux</a>, choreography by <a href="/wiki/Vaslav_Nijinsky" title="Vaslav Nijinsky">Vaslav Nijinsky</a> and design by <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Roerich" title="Nicholas Roerich">Nicholas Roerich</a>) is premiered by <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev" title="Sergei Diaghilev">Sergei Diaghilev</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Théâtre des Champs-Élysées">Théâtre des Champs-Élysées</a> in Paris; its <a href="/wiki/Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">modernist</a> style provokes one of the most famous <a href="/wiki/Classical_music_riot" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical music riot">classical music riots</a> in history.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The audience includes <a href="/wiki/Gabriele_D%27Annunzio" title="Gabriele D'Annunzio">Gabriele D'Annunzio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coco_Chanel" title="Coco Chanel">Coco Chanel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Graf_Kessler" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Graf Kessler">Harry Graf Kessler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ravel" title="Maurice Ravel">Maurice Ravel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Illies_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Illies-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1913)" title="Treaty of London (1913)">Treaty of London</a> is signed, ending the war. Greece is granted those parts of southern <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a> which it does not already control, and the independence of <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> is recognised.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RiteofSpringDancers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/RiteofSpringDancers.jpg/250px-RiteofSpringDancers.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/RiteofSpringDancers.jpg/330px-RiteofSpringDancers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1482" data-file-height="929" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a></i> is premiered in Paris.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/June_1913" title="June 1913">June 1913</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Greek%E2%80%93Serbian_Alliance_of_1913" title="Greek–Serbian Alliance of 1913">Greek–Serbian Treaty of Alliance</a> is signed, paving the way for the <a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emily_Davison" title="Emily Davison">Emily Davison</a>, a British <a href="/wiki/Suffragette" title="Suffragette">suffragette</a>, runs out in front of the King's horse, Anmer, at <a href="/wiki/Epsom_Derby" title="Epsom Derby">The Derby</a>. She is trampled and dies four days later in hospital, never having regained consciousness.<sup id="cite_ref-Women's_History_Timeline_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Women's_History_Timeline-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Stadion_(Berlin)" title="Deutsches Stadion (Berlin)">Deutsches Stadion</a> in Berlin is dedicated with the release of 10,000 pigeons, in front of an audience of 60,000 people. It had been constructed in anticipation of the <a href="/wiki/1916_Summer_Olympics" title="1916 Summer Olympics">1916 Summer Olympics</a> (later to be cancelled as the result of World War I).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a> is enacted in Norway.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bud_Bagsak" title="Battle of Bud Bagsak">Battle of Bud Bagsak</a>: Armed with guns and heavy artillery, U.S. and Philippine troops under General <a href="/wiki/John_J._Pershing" title="John J. Pershing">John J. "Black Jack" Pershing</a> fight a four-day battle against 500 Moro rebels, who are armed mostly with <a href="/wiki/Kampilan" title="Kampilan">kampilan</a> swords. The rebels are killed in a final desperate charge on <a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Arab_Congress_of_1913" title="Arab Congress of 1913">Arab Congress of 1913</a> opens, during which Arab nationalists meet to discuss desired reforms under the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">Parliament of South Africa</a> passes the Natives Land Act, limiting land ownership for blacks to black territories.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – The predecessor of the <a href="/wiki/Aldi" title="Aldi">Aldi</a> store chain opens in <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a>, Germany.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cook" title="Joseph Cook">Joseph Cook</a> becomes the 6th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a> begins with Bulgaria attacking Serbia and Greece.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/July_1913" title="July 1913">July 1913</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> <ul><li>Romania declares war on Bulgaria.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C), the all-time <a href="/wiki/Highest_temperature_recorded_on_Earth" title="Highest temperature recorded on Earth">highest temperature recorded on Earth</a> (although its validity has been challenged, and in 2020 a temperature of 54.4 °C (129.9 °F) was recorded at the same location, which would make it the world's highest <i>verified</i> air temperature, subject to confirmation).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1913_Romanian_Army_cholera_outbreak" title="1913 Romanian Army cholera outbreak">1913 Romanian Army cholera outbreak</a> during the Second Balkan War starts.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> – The town of <a href="/wiki/San_Javier,_Uruguay" title="San Javier, Uruguay">San Javier, Uruguay</a>, is founded<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Russian settlers.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/August_1913" title="August 1913">August 1913</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – The first known ascent of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a> in Greece is made by Swiss mountaineers Daniel Baud-Bovy and <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Boissonnas" title="Frédéric Boissonnas">Frédéric Boissonnas</a> guided by <a href="/wiki/Christos_Kakkalos" title="Christos Kakkalos">Christos Kakkalos</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>: The city of <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> (Chungking) declares independence; Republican forces crush the rebellion in a couple of weeks.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1913)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1913)">Treaty of Bucharest</a> is signed, ending the war. <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a> is divided, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Epirus" title="Northern Epirus">Northern Epirus</a> is assigned to <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Albania" title="Provisional Government of Albania">Albania</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Harry_Brearley" title="Harry Brearley">Harry Brearley</a> invents <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pocket_On_This_Day_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocket_On_This_Day-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – After his airplane fails at an altitude of 900 feet (270 m), aviator <a href="/wiki/Adolphe_P%C3%A9goud" title="Adolphe Pégoud">Adolphe Pégoud</a> becomes the first person to bail out from an airplane and land safely.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Little_Mermaid_(statue)" title="The Little Mermaid (statue)">The Little Mermaid</a> statue is finished in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Lock-out" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin Lock-out">Dublin Lock-out</a> in Ireland: Members of <a href="/wiki/James_Larkin" title="James Larkin">James Larkin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Irish_Transport_and_General_Workers%27_Union" title="Irish Transport and General Workers' Union">Irish Transport and General Workers' Union</a> employed by the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_United_Transport_Company" title="Dublin United Transport Company">Dublin United Tramways Company</a> begin strike action in defiance of the dismissal of <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade union</a> members by its chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-Yeates_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yeates-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> – Dublin Lock-out: "Bloody Sunday": The dispute escalates when the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Metropolitan_Police" title="Dublin Metropolitan Police">Dublin Metropolitan Police</a> kill one demonstrator and injure 400, in dispersing a demonstration.<sup id="cite_ref-Cottrell_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cottrell-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yeates_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yeates-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/September_1913_(month)" title="September 1913 (month)">September 1913 (month)</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Balkan_boundaries_after_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Balkan_boundaries_after_1913.jpg/250px-The_Balkan_boundaries_after_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Balkan_boundaries_after_1913.jpg/330px-The_Balkan_boundaries_after_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Balkan_boundaries_after_1913.jpg/500px-The_Balkan_boundaries_after_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption>The Balkan boundaries after 1913</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a>–<a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">8</a> – The Fourth Congress of the <a href="/wiki/International_Psychoanalytical_Association" title="International Psychoanalytical Association">International Psychoanalytical Association</a> (the last occasion on which <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a> will meet) takes place in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> <ul><li>In Germany, <a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a> starts the world's first plant for the production of <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizer</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/Haber_process" title="Haber process">Haber-Bosch process</a>, feeding in modern times about a third of the world's population.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Imperial Russian Army</a> pilot <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Nesterov" title="Pyotr Nesterov">Pyotr Nesterov</a> becomes the first person to <a href="/wiki/Aerobatic_maneuver" title="Aerobatic maneuver">loop</a> an airplane, flying a <a href="/wiki/Nieuport_IV" title="Nieuport IV">Nieuport IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Monoplane" title="Monoplane">monoplane</a> over Syretzk Aerodrome near <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helgoland_Island_air_disaster" title="Helgoland Island air disaster">Helgoland Island air disaster</a>: The first fatalities aboard a German <a href="/wiki/Airship" title="Airship">airship</a> occur, when the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Navy" title="Imperial German Navy">Imperial German Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Zeppelin" title="Zeppelin">Zeppelin</a> dirigible <i>LZ 14</i> (naval designation <i>L 1</i>) is forced down into the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> off <a href="/wiki/Heligoland" title="Heligoland">Heligoland</a> during a <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">thunderstorm</a>, killing 16 of the 22 men on board.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Jean Sibelius</a>'s tone poem <i><a href="/wiki/Luonnotar_(Sibelius)" title="Luonnotar (Sibelius)">Luonnotar</a></i> is premiered in <a href="/wiki/Gloucester_Cathedral" title="Gloucester Cathedral">Gloucester Cathedral</a>, England, with soprano <a href="/wiki/Aino_Ackt%C3%A9" title="Aino Ackté">Aino Ackté</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – In Chicago, the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> of <a href="/wiki/B%27nai_B%27rith" title="B'nai B'rith">B'nai B'rith</a> is founded, with <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Livingston" title="Sigmund Livingston">Sigmund Livingston</a> as its first president.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – French aviator <a href="/wiki/Roland_Garros_(aviator)" title="Roland Garros (aviator)">Roland Garros</a> crosses the Mediterranean in an airplane flying from <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9jus" title="Fréjus">Fréjus</a>, France to <a href="/wiki/Bizerte" title="Bizerte">Bizerte</a>, Tunisia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1913)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1913)">Treaty of Constantinople</a> is signed in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, between the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Kingdom of Bulgaria</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/October_1913" title="October 1913">October 1913</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-line1913_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/A-line1913_edit.jpg/225px-A-line1913_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/A-line1913_edit.jpg/338px-A-line1913_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/A-line1913_edit.jpg/450px-A-line1913_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Nearly-completed Ford Model Ts at the Highland Park Plant</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pancho_Villa" title="Pancho Villa">Pancho Villa</a>'s troops take <a href="/wiki/Torre%C3%B3n" title="Torreón">Torreón</a> after a 3-day battle, when government troops retreat.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a>–<a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> adopts a moving <a href="/wiki/Assembly_line" title="Assembly line">assembly line</a> for <a href="/wiki/Chassis" title="Chassis">chassis</a> production of the <a href="/wiki/Model_T" class="mw-redirect" title="Model T">Model T</a> at its <a href="/wiki/Highland_Park_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland Park Plant">Highland Park Plant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Highland_Park,_Michigan" title="Highland Park, Michigan">Highland Park, Michigan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>), reducing assembly time from 12½ hours to 2 hours 40 minutes, a landmark in <a href="/wiki/Mass_production" title="Mass production">mass production</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1912 and 1914 the retail price of a Model T drops by US$150.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – Canadian-owned ocean liner <a href="/wiki/SS_Volturno_(1906)" title="SS Volturno (1906)">SS <i>Volturno</i> (1906)</a>, carrying passengers (mostly immigrants) and a chemical cargo from <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> to New York City, catches fire in a North Atlantic gale; 136 die, but 521 are saved by ships summoned by <a href="/wiki/SOS" title="SOS">SOS</a> messages to the scene.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> <ul><li>U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike, ending construction on the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shikai" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a> is elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">President of the Republic of China</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Athletics" title="Philadelphia Athletics">Philadelphia Athletics</a> win the deciding game of the <a href="/wiki/1913_World_Series" title="1913 World Series">1913 World Series</a>, over baseball's <a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants_(baseball)" title="New York Giants (baseball)">New York Giants</a>, winning 3–1 to take the series in five games.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Senghenydd_colliery_disaster" title="Senghenydd colliery disaster">Senghenydd colliery disaster</a>: An explosion at the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Colliery" title="Universal Colliery">Universal Colliery</a>, Senghenydd in <a href="/wiki/South_Wales" title="South Wales">South Wales</a> kills 439 miners, the worst mining accident in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-Pocket_On_This_Day_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocket_On_This_Day-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – The British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/HMS_Queen_Elizabeth_(1913)" title="HMS Queen Elizabeth (1913)">HMS <i>Queen Elizabeth</i></a> is launched at <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Dockyard" class="mw-redirect" title="Portsmouth Dockyard">Portsmouth Dockyard</a> as the first oil-fired <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:V%C3%B6lkerschlachtdenkmal_Leipzig.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/V%C3%B6lkerschlachtdenkmal_Leipzig.JPG/120px-V%C3%B6lkerschlachtdenkmal_Leipzig.JPG" decoding="async" width="115" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/V%C3%B6lkerschlachtdenkmal_Leipzig.JPG/250px-V%C3%B6lkerschlachtdenkmal_Leipzig.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Monument to the Battle of the Nations at Leipzig</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Battle_of_the_Nations" title="Monument to the Battle of the Nations">Monument to the Battle of the Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, Germany is finished.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – The <a href="/wiki/DLRG" class="mw-redirect" title="DLRG">DLRG</a> (German Life-Saving Society) is founded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Victoriano_Huerta" title="Victoriano Huerta">Victoriano Huerta</a> elected president of Mexico.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a>–<a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zabern_Affair" title="Zabern Affair">Zabern Affair</a>: Acts of aggression by the <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a> garrison at <a href="/wiki/Zabern" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabern">Zabern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alsace-Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsace-Lorraine">Alsace-Lorraine</a> provoke political debate across the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Highway" title="Lincoln Highway">Lincoln Highway</a>, the first automobile road across the United States, is dedicated.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/November_1913" title="November 1913">November 1913</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Otto,_King_of_Bavaria" title="Otto, King of Bavaria">Otto of Bavaria</a> is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumes the title <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_III_of_Bavaria" title="Ludwig III of Bavaria">Ludwig III</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mohandas_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohandas Gandhi">Mohandas Gandhi</a> is arrested, while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a>–<a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Storm_of_1913" title="Great Lakes Storm of 1913">Great Lakes Storm of 1913</a> in North America claims 19 ships, and more than 250 lives.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/December_1913" title="December 1913">December 1913</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, having obtained <a href="/wiki/Self_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Self rule">self rule</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Turkey</a> after the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a>, is annexed by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece_(Gl%C3%BCcksburg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg)">Greece</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Underground" title="Buenos Aires Underground">Buenos Aires Underground</a>, the first in South America, opens.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Peruggia" title="Vincenzo Peruggia">Vincenzo Peruggia</a> tries to sell the <i><a href="/wiki/Mona_Lisa" title="Mona Lisa">Mona Lisa</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, and is arrested.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Raker_Act" title="Raker Act">Raker Act</a> is signed by President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>, allowing the City of <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> to dam <a href="/wiki/Hetch_Hetchy" title="Hetch Hetchy">Hetch Hetchy</a> Valley in <a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve System</a> is created as the <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central banking</a> system of the United States, by <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>'s signature of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Act" title="Federal Reserve Act">Federal Reserve Act</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Italian_Hall_disaster" title="Italian Hall disaster">Italian Hall disaster</a>: seventy-three people – mostly striking mine workers and their families – are crushed to death in a stampede in <a href="/wiki/Calumet,_Michigan" title="Calumet, Michigan">Calumet, Michigan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a> returns the <i><a href="/wiki/Mona_Lisa" title="Mona Lisa">Mona Lisa</a></i> to <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Between the two Balkan Wars, a group of Bulgarian teachers and priests including teacher <a href="/wiki/Gligor_Zisov" title="Gligor Zisov">Gligor Zisov</a> are deported by the newly-established Greek authorities to Bulgaria but killed by Greek soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_Muslim_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadiyya Muslim Community">Ahmadiyya Muslim Community</a> is established in <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Province</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_Cultural_Center" title="America Cultural Center">America Cultural Center</a> is inaugurated in <a href="/wiki/Salta" title="Salta">Salta</a>, Argentina.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>French physicist <a href="/wiki/Georges_Sagnac" title="Georges Sagnac">Georges Sagnac</a> shows that light propagates at a speed independent of the speed of its source.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_(cigarette)" title="Camel (cigarette)">Camel</a> <a href="/wiki/Cigarettes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cigarettes">cigarettes</a> are introduced by <a href="/wiki/R._J._Reynolds_Tobacco_Company" title="R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company">R. J. Reynolds</a> in the United States (the first packaged cigarettes).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Investigations_Service" title="State Security Investigations Service">State Security Investigations Service</a>, the Middle East’s first internal security service is established in <a href="/wiki/Khedivate_of_Egypt" title="Khedivate of Egypt">Egypt</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prada" title="Prada">Prada</a> is established as a leather goods dealer in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Mario_Prada" title="Mario Prada">Mario Prada</a> and his brother.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_AB" title="Astra AB">Astra</a>, a predecessor of the <a href="/wiki/AstraZeneca" title="AstraZeneca">AstraZeneca</a> global <a href="/wiki/Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare">healthcare</a> and pharmaceutical brand, is founded in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6dert%C3%A4lje" title="Södertälje">Södertälje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The value of <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">world trade</a> reaches roughly $38 billion.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Births" style="margin: auto; text-align: center; display: inline-block;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Births </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#January_2">January</a> · <a href="#February_2">February</a> · <a href="#March_2">March</a> · <a href="#April_2">April</a> · <a href="#May_2">May</a> · <a href="#June_2">June</a> · <a href="#July_2">July</a> · <a href="#August_2">August</a> · <a href="#September_2">September</a> · <a href="#October_2">October</a> · <a href="#November_2">November</a> · <a href="#December_2">December</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–February"><span id="January.E2.80.93February"></span>January–February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: January–February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Gierek_1980b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Edward_Gierek_1980b.jpg/120px-Edward_Gierek_1980b.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Edward_Gierek_1980b.jpg/250px-Edward_Gierek_1980b.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gierek" title="Edward Gierek">Edward Gierek</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LORETTAYoung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/LORETTAYoung.jpg/120px-LORETTAYoung.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/LORETTAYoung.jpg/250px-LORETTAYoung.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="826" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Young" title="Loretta Young">Loretta Young</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_M._Nixon,_ca._1935_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530679.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Richard_M._Nixon%2C_ca._1935_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530679.jpg/120px-Richard_M._Nixon%2C_ca._1935_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530679.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Richard_M._Nixon%2C_ca._1935_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530679.jpg/250px-Richard_M._Nixon%2C_ca._1935_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530679.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2539" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG/120px-Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG/250px-Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="651" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k" title="Gustáv Husák">Gustáv Husák</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lloyd_Bridges_1966.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Lloyd_Bridges_1966.jpg/120px-Lloyd_Bridges_1966.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Lloyd_Bridges_1966.jpg/250px-Lloyd_Bridges_1966.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="897" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bridges" title="Lloyd Bridges">Lloyd Bridges</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosaparks_4-5_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Rosaparks_4-5_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Rosaparks_4-5_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Rosaparks_4-5_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Rosaparks_4-5_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jim_Backus_The_Jim_Backus_Show_1962.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Jim_Backus_The_Jim_Backus_Show_1962.JPG/120px-Jim_Backus_The_Jim_Backus_Show_1962.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Jim_Backus_The_Jim_Backus_Show_1962.JPG/250px-Jim_Backus_The_Jim_Backus_Show_1962.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="687" data-file-height="873" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jim_Backus" title="Jim Backus">Jim Backus</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazimierz_Sabbat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kazimierz_Sabbat.jpg/120px-Kazimierz_Sabbat.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kazimierz_Sabbat.jpg/250px-Kazimierz_Sabbat.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Sabbat" title="Kazimierz Sabbat">Kazimierz Sabbat</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shih_Kien" title="Shih Kien">Shek Kin</a>, Hong Kong actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Lee" title="Anna Lee">Anna Lee</a>, English-American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malietoa_Tanumafili_II" title="Malietoa Tanumafili II">Malietoa Tanumafili II</a>, Samoan head of state (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Degazon" title="Fred Degazon">Fred Degazon</a>, President of Dominica (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gierek" title="Edward Gierek">Edward Gierek</a>, Polish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Young" title="Loretta Young">Loretta Young</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Berry_(actor)" title="Eric Berry (actor)">Eric Berry</a>, British actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>, 37th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k" title="Gustáv Husák">Gustáv Husák</a>, Slovak politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Shehu" title="Mehmet Shehu">Mehmet Shehu</a>, 23rd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Prime Minister of Albania</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl_Stegger" title="Karl Stegger">Karl Stegger</a>, Danish actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_15" title="January 15">January 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Brands" title="Eugène Brands">Eugène Brands</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bridges" title="Lloyd Bridges">Lloyd Bridges</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Marinesko" title="Alexander Marinesko">Alexander Marinesko</a>, Soviet naval officer (d. <a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bauchau" title="Henry Bauchau">Henry Bauchau</a>, Belgian novelist, poet and psychoanalyst (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Conway_(cardinal)" title="William Conway (cardinal)">William Conway</a>, Irish cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_F._H._Henry" title="Carl F. H. Henry">Carl F. H. Henry</a>, American theologian and publisher (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Atlan" title="Jean-Michel Atlan">Jean-Michel Atlan</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Hua" title="Huang Hua">Huang Hua</a>, Foreign Minister of China (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski" title="Witold Lutosławski">Witold Lutosławski</a>, Polish composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Victor_Mature" title="Victor Mature">Victor Mature</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Poul_Reichhardt" title="Poul Reichhardt">Poul Reichhardt</a>, Danish actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a>, American civil rights activist (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Leakey" title="Mary Leakey">Mary Leakey</a>, British anthropologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Betty_Field" title="Betty Field">Betty Field</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Slocombe" title="Douglas Slocombe">Douglas Slocombe</a>, British cinematographer (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_White_(rugby_union_born_1913)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill White (rugby union born 1913)">Bill White</a>, Australian rugby union player (d. <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Hoffa" title="Jimmy Hoffa">Jimmy Hoffa</a>, American labor leader (disappeared <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Artur_Axmann" title="Artur Axmann">Artur Axmann</a>, German Nazi national leader of the Hitler Youth (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Tashlin" title="Frank Tashlin">Frank Tashlin</a>, American animation director (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/P._C._Sorcar" title="P. C. Sorcar">P. C. Sorcar</a>, Indian stage magician (d. <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Backus" title="Jim Backus">Jim Backus</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gert_Fr%C3%B6be" title="Gert Fröbe">Gert Fröbe</a>, German actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ric%C5%93ur" title="Paul Ricœur">Paul Ricœur</a>, French philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Sabbat" title="Kazimierz Sabbat">Kazimierz Sabbat</a>, leader of Polish government-in-exile (d. <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irwin_Shaw" title="Irwin Shaw">Irwin Shaw</a>, American writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March–April"><span id="March.E2.80.93April"></span>March–April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: March–April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_J._Casey,_Director_of_Central_Intelligence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/William_J._Casey%2C_Director_of_Central_Intelligence.jpg/120px-William_J._Casey%2C_Director_of_Central_Intelligence.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/William_J._Casey%2C_Director_of_Central_Intelligence.jpg/250px-William_J._Casey%2C_Director_of_Central_Intelligence.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_J._Casey" title="William J. Casey">William J. Casey</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ren%C3%A9_Cl%C3%A9ment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ren%C3%A9_Cl%C3%A9ment.jpg/120px-Ren%C3%A9_Cl%C3%A9ment.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ren%C3%A9_Cl%C3%A9ment.jpg/250px-Ren%C3%A9_Cl%C3%A9ment.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cl%C3%A9ment" title="René Clément">René Clément</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erdos_budapest_fall_1992_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Erdos_budapest_fall_1992_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Erdos_budapest_fall_1992_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Erdos_budapest_fall_1992_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Erdos_budapest_fall_1992_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_Erd%C5%91s" title="Paul Erdős">Paul Erdős</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankie_Laine_1954.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frankie_Laine_1954.JPG/110px-Frankie_Laine_1954.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frankie_Laine_1954.JPG/165px-Frankie_Laine_1954.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frankie_Laine_1954.JPG/220px-Frankie_Laine_1954.JPG 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="837" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frankie_Laine" title="Frankie Laine">Frankie Laine</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muddy_Waters_november_1976.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Muddy_Waters_november_1976.jpg/120px-Muddy_Waters_november_1976.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Muddy_Waters_november_1976.jpg/250px-Muddy_Waters_november_1976.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Godfried_Bomans" title="Godfried Bomans">Godfried Bomans</a>, Dutch writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Garfield" title="John Garfield">John Garfield</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Casey" title="William J. Casey">William J. Casey</a>, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Mikhalkov" title="Sergey Mikhalkov">Sergey Mikhalkov</a>, Russian writer, lyricist (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rosita_Contreras" title="Rosita Contreras">Rosita Contreras</a>, Argentine actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cl%C3%A9ment" title="René Clément">René Clément</a>, French film director (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Hardegen" title="Reinhard Hardegen">Reinhard Hardegen</a>, German U-boat commander (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_M%C3%B6lders" title="Werner Mölders">Werner Mölders</a>, German fighter pilot (d. <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Smoky_Dawson" title="Smoky Dawson">Smoky Dawson</a>, Australian singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Erd%C5%91s" title="Paul Erdős">Paul Erdős</a>, Hungarian mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_de_Romilly" title="Jacqueline de Romilly">Jacqueline de Romilly</a>, French philologist (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/R._S._Thomas" title="R. S. Thomas">R. S. Thomas</a>, Welsh poet (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">March 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Helms" title="Richard Helms">Richard Helms</a>, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankie_Laine" title="Frankie Laine">Frankie Laine</a>, American singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Aensu_Tabone" title="Ċensu Tabone">Ċensu Tabone</a>, Maltese politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Etta_Baker" title="Etta Baker">Etta Baker</a>, American musician (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Per_Borten" title="Per Borten">Per Borten</a>, Premier of Norway (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Langford" title="Frances Langford">Frances Langford</a>, American singer, actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a>, African-American musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louise_Currie" title="Louise Currie">Louise Currie</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sourou-Migan_Apithy" title="Sourou-Migan Apithy">Sourou-Migan Apithy</a>, Beninese political figure, 2nd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Dahomey" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Dahomey">President of Dahomey</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Skinner" title="Carlton Skinner">Carlton Skinner</a>, Governor of Guam (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aleksanteri_Saarvala" title="Aleksanteri Saarvala">Aleksanteri Saarvala</a>, Finnish artistic gymnast (d. <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Heym" title="Stefan Heym">Stefan Heym</a>, German writer (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Cassini" title="Oleg Cassini">Oleg Cassini</a>, American fashion designer (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Winifred_Drinkwater" title="Winifred Drinkwater">Winifred Drinkwater</a>, Scottish aviator, first woman to hold a commercial pilot's license (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Fournet" title="Jean Fournet">Jean Fournet</a>, French conductor (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Les_Tremayne" title="Les Tremayne">Les Tremayne</a>, British-born American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jack_Pope" title="Jack Pope">Jack Pope</a>, American judge, attorney, and author (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Cardwell" title="Lloyd Cardwell">Lloyd Cardwell</a>, American football player and coach (d. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rawer" title="Karl Rawer">Karl Rawer</a>, German physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Beeching" title="Richard Beeching">Richard Beeching</a>, chairman of British Rail (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_Hauge_Abelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Hauge Abelson">Philip Hauge Abelson</a>, American physicist, writer, and editor (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Vielle" title="Eugene Vielle">Eugene Vielle</a>, British Royal Air Force officer (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May–June"><span id="May.E2.80.93June"></span>May–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: May–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stewart_Granger_1970.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Stewart_Granger_1970.jpg/120px-Stewart_Granger_1970.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Stewart_Granger_1970.jpg/250px-Stewart_Granger_1970.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="871" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Granger" title="Stewart Granger">Stewart Granger</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woody_Herman_ca.1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Woody_Herman_ca.1943.jpg/120px-Woody_Herman_ca.1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Woody_Herman_ca.1943.jpg/250px-Woody_Herman_ca.1943.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="887" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Woody_Herman" title="Woody Herman">Woody Herman</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_cushing_the_brides_of_dracula_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Peter_cushing_the_brides_of_dracula_%281%29.jpg/120px-Peter_cushing_the_brides_of_dracula_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Peter_cushing_the_brides_of_dracula_%281%29.jpg/250px-Peter_cushing_the_brides_of_dracula_%281%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cushing" title="Peter Cushing">Peter Cushing</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elton_Britt_1950.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Elton_Britt_1950.JPG/120px-Elton_Britt_1950.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Elton_Britt_1950.JPG/250px-Elton_Britt_1950.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elton_Britt" title="Elton Britt">Elton Britt</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lopez_Michelsen_1977.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Lopez_Michelsen_1977.jpg/120px-Lopez_Michelsen_1977.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Lopez_Michelsen_1977.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="155" data-file-height="203" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_L%C3%B3pez_Michelsen" title="Alfonso López Michelsen">Alfonso López Michelsen</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Matsumoto" title="Roy Matsumoto">Roy Matsumoto</a>, American army officer (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Nye" title="Louis Nye">Louis Nye</a>, American comedian, actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Susskind" title="Walter Susskind">Walter Susskind</a>, Czech conductor (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hisaya_Morishige" title="Hisaya Morishige">Hisaya Morishige</a>, Japanese actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fred_J._Doocy" title="Fred J. Doocy">Fred J. Doocy</a>, American politician, banker (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Granger" title="Stewart Granger">Stewart Granger</a>, Anglo-American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Clampett" title="Bob Clampett">Bob Clampett</a>, American director (<i><a href="/wiki/Looney_Tunes" title="Looney Tunes">Looney Tunes</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saima_Harmaja" title="Saima Harmaja">Saima Harmaja</a>, Finnish poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sid_James" title="Sid James">Sid James</a>, South African-born British actor, comedian (d. <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Scorsese" title="Charles Scorsese">Charles Scorsese</a>, American actor, father of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jungk" title="Robert Jungk">Robert Jungk</a>, Austrian journalist (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Tolbert" title="William Tolbert">William Tolbert</a>, President of Liberia (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Woody_Herman" title="Woody Herman">Woody Herman</a>, American musician, band leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Neelam_Sanjiva_Reddy" title="Neelam Sanjiva Reddy">Neelam Sanjiva Reddy</a>, Indian politician, 6th <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Teodoro Fernández">Teodoro Fernández</a>, Peruvian soccer player (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Redington_Hewlett" class="mw-redirect" title="William Redington Hewlett">William Hewlett</a>, American businessman (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Garmisa" title="Benedict Garmisa">Benedict Garmisa</a>, American politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Haldor_Tops%C3%B8e_(1913%E2%80%932013)" title="Haldor Topsøe (1913–2013)">Haldor Topsøe</a>, Danish engineer (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cushing" title="Peter Cushing">Peter Cushing</a>, English actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Daninos" title="Pierre Daninos">Pierre Daninos</a>, French writer, humorist (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Manger" title="Josef Manger">Josef Manger</a>, German weightlifter (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jopie_Roosenburg-Goudriaan" title="Jopie Roosenburg-Goudriaan">Jopie Roosenburg-Goudriaan</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tony_Zale" title="Tony Zale">Tony Zale</a>, American boxer (d. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Frankenfeld" title="Peter Frankenfeld">Peter Frankenfeld</a>, German comedian, radio and television personality (d. <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elsie_Tu" title="Elsie Tu">Elsie Tu</a>, English-born Hong Kong social activist (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Berman" title="Yitzhak Berman">Yitzhak Berman</a>, Israeli politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Shapira" title="Benjamin Shapira">Benjamin Shapira</a>, German-born Israeli biochemist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Prize" title="Israel Prize">Israel Prize</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Lombardi" title="Vince Lombardi">Vince Lombardi</a>, American football coach (d. <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ris%C3%AB_Stevens" title="Risë Stevens">Risë Stevens</a>, American mezzo-soprano (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Edwards" title="Ralph Edwards">Ralph Edwards</a>, American game show host (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Pundak" title="Yitzhak Pundak">Yitzhak Pundak</a>, Polish-born Israeli military officer, diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Teichm%C3%BCller" title="Oswald Teichmüller">Oswald Teichmüller</a>, German mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mondavi" title="Robert Mondavi">Robert Mondavi</a>, American winemaker (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Cahn" title="Sammy Cahn">Sammy Cahn</a>, American songwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Field_Porter" class="mw-redirect" title="Sylvia Field Porter">Sylvia Field Porter</a>, American economist, journalist (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Taruc" title="Luis Taruc">Luis Taruc</a>, Filipino political figure, insurgent (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madihe_Pannaseeha_Thero" title="Madihe Pannaseeha Thero">Madihe Pannaseeha Thero</a>, Sri Lankan Buddhist monk (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kid_Azteca" title="Kid Azteca">Kid Azteca</a>, Mexican boxer (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Alsogaray" title="Álvaro Alsogaray">Álvaro Alsogaray</a>, Argentine politician and businessman (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Rabemananjara" title="Jacques Rabemananjara">Jacques Rabemananjara</a>, Malagasy politician, playwright and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Rogers" title="William P. Rogers">William P. Rogers</a>, American diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustaaf_Deloor" title="Gustaaf Deloor">Gustaaf Deloor</a>, Belgian road racing cyclist (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_C%C3%A9saire" title="Aimé Césaire">Aimé Césaire</a>, French Martinican poet, politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konr%C4%81ds_Kal%C4%93js" title="Konrāds Kalējs">Konrāds Kalējs</a>, Latvian soldier (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anissa_Rawda_Najjar" title="Anissa Rawda Najjar">Anissa Rawda Najjar</a>, Lebanese feminist, women's rights activist (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkes" title="Maurice Wilkes">Maurice Wilkes</a>, British computer scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Antel" title="Franz Antel">Franz Antel</a>, Austrian filmmaker (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldwyn_James" title="Maldwyn James">Maldwyn James</a>, Welsh international rugby union player (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Leask" title="Henry Leask">Henry Leask</a>, British Army officer (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_L%C3%B3pez_Michelsen" title="Alfonso López Michelsen">Alfonso López Michelsen</a>, 24th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President of Colombia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_2">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%A6rsk-McKinney-M%C3%B8ller_m.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/M%C3%A6rsk-McKinney-M%C3%B8ller_m.jpg/120px-M%C3%A6rsk-McKinney-M%C3%B8ller_m.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/M%C3%A6rsk-McKinney-M%C3%B8ller_m.jpg/250px-M%C3%A6rsk-McKinney-M%C3%B8ller_m.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A6rsk_Mc-Kinney_M%C3%B8ller" title="Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller">Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerald_Ford_presidential_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Gerald_Ford_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Gerald_Ford_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Gerald_Ford_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Gerald_Ford_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2741" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Skelton_1960_rebalance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Red_Skelton_1960_rebalance.jpg/120px-Red_Skelton_1960_rebalance.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Red_Skelton_1960_rebalance.jpg/250px-Red_Skelton_1960_rebalance.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2572" data-file-height="3415" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Red_Skelton" title="Red Skelton">Red Skelton</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coral_Browne_(1989_Academy_Awards).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Coral_Browne_%281989_Academy_Awards%29.jpg/120px-Coral_Browne_%281989_Academy_Awards%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Coral_Browne_%281989_Academy_Awards%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="221" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coral_Browne" title="Coral Browne">Coral Browne</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Foot_(1981).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Michael_Foot_%281981%29.jpg/120px-Michael_Foot_%281981%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Michael_Foot_%281981%29.jpg/250px-Michael_Foot_%281981%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2086" data-file-height="2781" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Miller_(cricketer)" title="Noel Miller (cricketer)">Noel Miller</a>, Australian cricketer (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tollet" title="André Tollet">André Tollet</a>, French upholsterer, trade unionist and communist (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Acerbi" title="Mario Acerbi">Mario Acerbi</a>, Italian football player (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joana_Raspall_i_Juanola" title="Joana Raspall i Juanola">Joana Raspall i Juanola</a>, Spanish writer and librarian (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramasiva_Prabhakar_Kumaramangalam" title="Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam">Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam</a>, Indian Army Chief (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Kilgallen" title="Dorothy Kilgallen">Dorothy Kilgallen</a>, American newspaper columnist (d. <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Weeks_(film_actress)" title="Barbara Weeks (film actress)">Barbara Weeks</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elwood_Cooke" title="Elwood Cooke">Elwood Cooke</a>, American tennis player (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vance_Trimble" title="Vance Trimble">Vance Trimble</a>, American Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, author (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pinetop_Perkins" title="Pinetop Perkins">Pinetop Perkins</a>, American blues musician (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alejandra_Soler" title="Alejandra Soler">Alejandra Soler</a>, Spanish politician and schoolteacher (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Grant" title="Ted Grant">Ted Grant</a>, South African Trotskyist (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Zachacki" title="William M. Zachacki">William M. Zachacki</a>, (d. <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joan_Marsh" title="Joan Marsh">Joan Marsh</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Abrefa_Busia" title="Kofi Abrefa Busia">Kofi Abrefa Busia</a>, Ghanaian nationalist leader, 2nd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ghana" title="Prime Minister of Ghana">Prime Minister of Ghana</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Hamid_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Hamid II">Sultan Hamid II</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Rogers" title="Rufus Rogers">Rufus Rogers</a>, New Zealand doctor, politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Lamb" title="Willis Lamb">Willis Lamb</a>, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A6rsk_Mc-Kinney_M%C3%B8ller" title="Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller">Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller</a>, Danish shipping magnate (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>, 38th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Llense" title="René Llense">René Llense</a>, French football goalkeeper (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hammond_Innes" title="Hammond Innes">Hammond Innes</a>, English author (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Sutzkever" title="Abraham Sutzkever">Abraham Sutzkever</a>, Yiddish language poet, memoirist (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Babayev" title="Mirza Babayev">Mirza Babayev</a>, Azerbaijani movie actor, singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Raab" title="Antoine Raab">Antoine Raab</a>, German footballer (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Acevedo_Vega" title="Carmen Acevedo Vega">Carmen Acevedo Vega</a>, Ecuadorian poet, writer, and journalist (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N._Krishnaswami_Reddy" title="N. Krishnaswami Reddy">N. Krishnaswami Reddy</a>, Indian lawyer (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Runsheng" title="Du Runsheng">Du Runsheng</a>, Chinese military officer, politician, and economist (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Skelton" title="Red Skelton">Red Skelton</a>, American comedian (d. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Manouchehr_Sotodeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Manouchehr Sotodeh">Manouchehr Sotodeh</a>, Iranian geographer (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irma_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Irma Córdoba">Irma Córdoba</a>, Argentine actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Leaden" title="Guillermo Leaden">Guillermo Leaden</a>, Argentine bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esteban_Reyes" title="Esteban Reyes">Esteban Reyes</a>, Mexican tennis player (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorni_Kramer" title="Gorni Kramer">Gorni Kramer</a>, Italian bandleader, songwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licia_Albanese" title="Licia Albanese">Licia Albanese</a>, Italian-born soprano (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Browne" title="Coral Browne">Coral Browne</a>, Australian actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a>, British politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kan_Yuet-keung" title="Kan Yuet-keung">Kan Yuet-keung</a>, Hong Kong banker, politician and lawyer (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Erich_Priebke" title="Erich Priebke">Erich Priebke</a>, German war criminal, leader of the 1944 <a href="/wiki/Ardeatine_massacre" title="Ardeatine massacre">Ardeatine massacre</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_2">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg/120px-Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg/250px-Makarios_III_and_Robert_F._Wagner_NYWTS_cropped.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="1184" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III">Makarios III</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Menachem_Begin_2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Menachem_Begin_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Menachem_Begin_2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Menachem_Begin_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Menachem_Begin_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="284" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roger_Wolcott_Sperry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry.jpg/120px-Roger_Wolcott_Sperry.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry.jpg/250px-Roger_Wolcott_Sperry.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2244" data-file-height="2956" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry" title="Roger Wolcott Sperry">Roger Wolcott Sperry</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Kotz" title="Tadeusz Kotz">Tadeusz Kotz</a>, Polish World War II fighter ace (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Beery_Jr." title="Noah Beery Jr.">Noah Beery Jr.</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Wolfgang Paul</a>, German physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Davis_(snooker_player)" title="Fred Davis (snooker player)">Fred Davis</a>, English snooker and billiards player (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III">Makarios III</a>, Archbishop and first President of Cyprus (d. <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a>, Polish-born 6th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister of Israel</a>, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nils_L%C3%B6fgren" title="Nils Löfgren">Nils Löfgren</a>, Swedish chemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry" title="Roger Wolcott Sperry">Roger Wolcott Sperry</a>, American neurobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_W._Downing" title="James W. Downing">James W. Downing</a>, American naval officer and author (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_DeWeese" title="Mary Ann DeWeese">Mary Ann DeWeese</a>, American sportswear designer (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Pahor" title="Boris Pahor">Boris Pahor</a>, Slovenian writer (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nina_Schenk_Gr%C3%A4fin_von_Stauffenberg" title="Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg">Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg</a>, German wife of freedom fighter Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robertson_Davies" title="Robertson Davies">Robertson Davies</a>, Canadian novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Tucker" title="Richard Tucker">Richard Tucker</a>, American tenor (d. <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Ekier" title="Jan Ekier">Jan Ekier</a>, Polish pianist, composer (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stone" title="Richard Stone">Richard Stone</a>, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Levitt" title="Helen Levitt">Helen Levitt</a>, American photographer (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lovell" title="Bernard Lovell">Bernard Lovell</a>, British radio astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September–October"><span id="September.E2.80.93October"></span>September–October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: September–October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_Ladd_1950s.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Alan_Ladd_1950s.JPG/110px-Alan_Ladd_1950s.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Alan_Ladd_1950s.JPG/165px-Alan_Ladd_1950s.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Alan_Ladd_1950s.JPG/220px-Alan_Ladd_1950s.JPG 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="863" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ladd" title="Alan Ladd">Alan Ladd</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jesse_Owens_1936.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Jesse_Owens_1936.jpg/120px-Jesse_Owens_1936.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Jesse_Owens_1936.jpg/250px-Jesse_Owens_1936.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="659" data-file-height="905" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Owens" title="Jesse Owens">Jesse Owens</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanley_Kramer.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Stanley_Kramer.JPG/120px-Stanley_Kramer.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Stanley_Kramer.JPG/250px-Stanley_Kramer.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer">Stanley Kramer</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silvio_Piola_(Pro_Vercelli).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Silvio_Piola_%28Pro_Vercelli%29.jpg/110px-Silvio_Piola_%28Pro_Vercelli%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Silvio_Piola_%28Pro_Vercelli%29.jpg/165px-Silvio_Piola_%28Pro_Vercelli%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Silvio_Piola_%28Pro_Vercelli%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="168" data-file-height="259" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Piola" title="Silvio Piola">Silvio Piola</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Claude_Simon_1967.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Claude_Simon_1967.jpg/120px-Claude_Simon_1967.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Claude_Simon_1967.jpg/250px-Claude_Simon_1967.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1087" data-file-height="1556" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Claude_Simon" title="Claude Simon">Claude Simon</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RobertCapabyGerdaTaro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/RobertCapabyGerdaTaro.jpg/120px-RobertCapabyGerdaTaro.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/RobertCapabyGerdaTaro.jpg/250px-RobertCapabyGerdaTaro.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="953" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Capa" title="Robert Capa">Robert Capa</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tito_Gobbi_Allan_Warren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tito_Gobbi_Allan_Warren.jpg/120px-Tito_Gobbi_Allan_Warren.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tito_Gobbi_Allan_Warren.jpg/250px-Tito_Gobbi_Allan_Warren.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4870" data-file-height="5108" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tito_Gobbi" title="Tito Gobbi">Tito Gobbi</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Merwart" title="Ludwig Merwart">Ludwig Merwart</a>, Austrian painter, graphic artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Gelfand" title="Israel Gelfand">Israel Gelfand</a>, Russian mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Shankly" title="Bill Shankly">Bill Shankly</a>, Scottish football manager (d. <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Ladd" title="Alan Ladd">Alan Ladd</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a>, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenz%C5%8D_Tange" title="Kenzō Tange">Kenzō Tange</a>, Japanese architect (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Julie_Gibson" title="Julie Gibson">Julie Gibson</a>, American singer and actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zephania_Mothopeng" title="Zephania Mothopeng">Zephania Mothopeng</a>, South African politician, activist (d. <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bear_Bryant" title="Bear Bryant">Bear Bryant</a>, American football coach (d. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Owens" title="Jesse Owens">Jesse Owens</a>, African-American athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiji_Toyoda" title="Eiji Toyoda">Eiji Toyoda</a>, Japanese industrialist (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Ngh%C4%A9a" title="Trần Đại Nghĩa">Trần Đại Nghĩa</a>, North Vietnamese army general (d. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kai_Set%C3%A4l%C3%A4" title="Kai Setälä">Kai Setälä</a>, Finnish physician and professor (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacobo_%C3%81rbenz" title="Jacobo Árbenz">Jacobo Árbenz</a>, President of Guatemala (d. <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annalisa_Ericson" title="Annalisa Ericson">Annalisa Ericson</a>, Swedish actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_N._Mitchell" title="John N. Mitchell">John N. Mitchell</a>, United States Attorney General, convicted Watergate criminal (d. <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lembke" title="Robert Lembke">Robert Lembke</a>, German television presenter, game show host (d. <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata_Kand%C3%B3" title="Ata Kandó">Ata Kandó</a>, Hungarian-born Dutch photographer (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frances_Farmer" title="Frances Farmer">Frances Farmer</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lillian_Chestney" title="Lillian Chestney">Lillian Chestney</a>, American painter (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl-Henning_Pedersen" title="Carl-Henning Pedersen">Carl-Henning Pedersen</a>, Danish artist, member of the CoBrA movement (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Rawls" title="Wilson Rawls">Wilson Rawls</a>, American author (d. <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Jeffries" title="Herb Jeffries">Herb Jeffries</a>, American actor, popular music and jazz singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Helou" title="Charles Helou">Charles Helou</a>, 9th President of Lebanon (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Patrick_O%27Sullivan" title="Terence Patrick O'Sullivan">Terence Patrick O'Sullivan</a>, British civil engineer (d. <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Dr%C4%83ghici" title="Alexandru Drăghici">Alexandru Drăghici</a>, Romanian communist activist and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Warja_Honegger-Lavater" class="mw-redirect" title="Warja Honegger-Lavater">Warja Honegger-Lavater</a>, Swiss artist, illustrator (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Howard" title="Trevor Howard">Trevor Howard</a>, English actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer">Stanley Kramer</a>, American film producer, director, and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Piola" title="Silvio Piola">Silvio Piola</a>, Italian footballer (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Walsh_(producer)" title="Bill Walsh (producer)">Bill Walsh</a>, American movie producer, writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Caballero_Blanco" title="Cecilia Caballero Blanco">Cecilia Caballero Blanco</a>, First Lady of Colombia (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roma_Mitchell" title="Roma Mitchell">Roma Mitchell</a>, Australian lawyer, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Australia" title="Governor of South Australia">Governor of South Australia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martial_C%C3%A9lestin" title="Martial Célestin">Martial Célestin</a>, 1st Prime Minister of Haiti (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mario_Dal_Fabbro" title="Mario Dal Fabbro">Mario Dal Fabbro</a>, Italian American sculptor, furniture designer, and author (d. <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Chetwynd_Ley" title="Alice Chetwynd Ley">Alice Chetwynd Ley</a>, British romance writer (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Simon" title="Claude Simon">Claude Simon</a>, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joe_Simon" title="Joe Simon">Joe Simon</a>, American comic book artist, writer (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Venable" title="Evelyn Venable">Evelyn Venable</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vinicius_de_Moraes" title="Vinicius de Moraes">Vinicius de Moraes</a>, Brazilian poet, lyricist, and diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barney_Phillips" title="Barney Phillips">Barney Phillips</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Miranda_de_Carvalho" title="Cecilia Miranda de Carvalho">Cecilia Miranda de Carvalho</a>, Brazilian singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boots_Mallory" title="Boots Mallory">Boots Mallory</a>, American actress, dancer, and model (d. <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Capa" title="Robert Capa">Robert Capa</a>, Hungarian-born American photojournalist (d. <a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Desni" title="Tamara Desni">Tamara Desni</a>, German-born British actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Peter_Tschudi" title="Hans-Peter Tschudi">Hans-Peter Tschudi</a>, 2-time President of Switzerland (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Barassi_Sr." title="Ron Barassi Sr.">Ron Barassi Sr.</a>, Australian rules footballer (d. <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Gobbi" title="Tito Gobbi">Tito Gobbi</a>, Italian operatic baritone (d. <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Medicine_Crow" title="Joe Medicine Crow">Joe Medicine Crow</a>, American tribal historian and anthropologist (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Wichterle" title="Otto Wichterle">Otto Wichterle</a>, Czech inventor of the modern <a href="/wiki/Contact_lens" title="Contact lens">contact lens</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Don_Lusk" title="Don Lusk">Don Lusk</a>, American animator (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November_2">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Burt_Lancaster_-_publicity_1947.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Burt_Lancaster_-_publicity_1947.JPG/120px-Burt_Lancaster_-_publicity_1947.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Burt_Lancaster_-_publicity_1947.JPG/250px-Burt_Lancaster_-_publicity_1947.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1177" data-file-height="1442" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vivien_Leigh_Scarlet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Vivien_Leigh_Scarlet.jpg/120px-Vivien_Leigh_Scarlet.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Vivien_Leigh_Scarlet.jpg/250px-Vivien_Leigh_Scarlet.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2950" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vivien_Leigh" title="Vivien Leigh">Vivien Leigh</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Camus,_gagnant_de_prix_Nobel,_portrait_en_buste,_pos%C3%A9_au_bureau,_faisant_face_%C3%A0_gauche,_cigarette_de_tabagisme.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Albert_Camus%2C_gagnant_de_prix_Nobel%2C_portrait_en_buste%2C_pos%C3%A9_au_bureau%2C_faisant_face_%C3%A0_gauche%2C_cigarette_de_tabagisme.jpg/120px-Albert_Camus%2C_gagnant_de_prix_Nobel%2C_portrait_en_buste%2C_pos%C3%A9_au_bureau%2C_faisant_face_%C3%A0_gauche%2C_cigarette_de_tabagisme.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Albert_Camus%2C_gagnant_de_prix_Nobel%2C_portrait_en_buste%2C_pos%C3%A9_au_bureau%2C_faisant_face_%C3%A0_gauche%2C_cigarette_de_tabagisme.jpg/250px-Albert_Camus%2C_gagnant_de_prix_Nobel%2C_portrait_en_buste%2C_pos%C3%A9_au_bureau%2C_faisant_face_%C3%A0_gauche%2C_cigarette_de_tabagisme.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="863" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LonNol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/LonNol.jpg/120px-LonNol.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/LonNol.jpg/250px-LonNol.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lon_Nol" title="Lon Nol">Lon Nol</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marika_R%C3%B6kk" title="Marika Rökk">Marika Rökk</a>, Egyptian-born Austrian singer, dancer and actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Mitradas" title="Antony Mitradas">Antony Mitradas</a>, Indian film director (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vivien_Leigh" title="Vivien Leigh">Vivien Leigh</a>, British actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cho_Ki-chon" title="Cho Ki-chon">Cho Ki-chon</a>, North Korean poet (d. 1951)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a>, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bradford_Holbrook" title="Elizabeth Bradford Holbrook">Elizabeth Bradford Holbrook</a>, Canadian sculptor (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahira_Tahirova" title="Tahira Tahirova">Tahira Tahirova</a>, Azerbaijani politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Max_Desfor" title="Max Desfor">Max Desfor</a>, American photographer (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Cunhal" title="Álvaro Cunhal">Álvaro Cunhal</a>, Portuguese politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yun-suan" title="Sun Yun-suan">Sun Yun-suan</a>, Chinese engineer, politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Inyama" title="Rosemary Inyama">Rosemary Inyama</a>, Nigerian Igbo educator, politician, businesswoman and community developer<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d. unknown);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lon_Nol" title="Lon Nol">Lon Nol</a>, 2-Time <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cambodia" title="Prime Minister of Cambodia">Prime Minister of Cambodia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Haulot" title="Arthur Haulot">Arthur Haulot</a>, Belgian journalist (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Albertini_Dow" title="Ellen Albertini Dow">Ellen Albertini Dow</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Endre_Rozsda" title="Endre Rozsda">Endre Rozsda</a>, Hungarian-French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boulting_brothers" title="Boulting brothers">Boulting brothers</a>, English filmmakers (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>, <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Berlitz" title="Charles Berlitz">Charles Berlitz</a>, American author (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a>, English composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardnar_Mulloy" title="Gardnar Mulloy">Gardnar Mulloy</a>, American tennis player and coach (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Mu%C3%B1oz-Palma" title="Cecilia Muñoz-Palma">Cecilia Muñoz-Palma</a>, first female Philippine Supreme Court Justice (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Vaudecrane" title="Jacqueline Vaudecrane">Jacqueline Vaudecrane</a>, French figure skater (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Bulosan" title="Carlos Bulosan">Carlos Bulosan</a>, Filipino-American novelist and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Thomas" title="Lewis Thomas">Lewis Thomas</a>, American physician, essayist (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December_2">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Martin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mary_Martin.jpg/120px-Mary_Martin.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mary_Martin.jpg/250px-Mary_Martin.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1302" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mary_Martin" title="Mary Martin">Mary Martin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_Jean_Marais_by_Carl_Van_Vechten,_1949.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_Jean_Marais_by_Carl_Van_Vechten%2C_1949.jpg/120px-Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_Jean_Marais_by_Carl_Van_Vechten%2C_1949.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_Jean_Marais_by_Carl_Van_Vechten%2C_1949.jpg/250px-Flickr_-_%E2%80%A6trialsanderrors_-_Jean_Marais_by_Carl_Van_Vechten%2C_1949.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2510" data-file-height="3795" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jean_Marais" title="Jean Marais">Jean Marais</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F057884-0009,_Willy_Brandt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F057884-0009%2C_Willy_Brandt.jpg/120px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F057884-0009%2C_Willy_Brandt.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F057884-0009%2C_Willy_Brandt.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F057884-0009%2C_Willy_Brandt.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="776" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Martin" title="Mary Martin">Mary Martin</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Amosov" title="Nikolai Amosov">Nikolai Amosov</a>, Ukrainian heart surgeon, inventor, best-selling author, and exercise enthusiast (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Holm" title="Eleanor Holm">Eleanor Holm</a>, American swimmer (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Chalk" title="Cynthia Chalk">Cynthia Chalk</a>, American photographer (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Morton_Gould" title="Morton Gould">Morton Gould</a>, American composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Marais" title="Jean Marais">Jean Marais</a>, French actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Susanne_Suba" title="Susanne Suba">Susanne Suba</a>, Hungarian-born watercolorist and illustrator, active in the United States (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-PIM_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIM-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Ignatieff" title="George Ignatieff">George Ignatieff</a>, Canadian diplomat, recipient of the 1984 Pearson Medal of Peace (d. <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Bari" title="Lynn Bari">Lynn Bari</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Bester" title="Alfred Bester">Alfred Bester</a>, American author (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor of Germany</a>, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Friberg" title="Arnold Friberg">Arnold Friberg</a>, American artist (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Pierpoint_Appleby" title="Frank Pierpoint Appleby">Frank Pierpoint Appleby</a>, Canadian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Martin_(American_singer)" title="Tony Martin (American singer)">Tony Martin</a>, American singer and actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Nannen" title="Henri Nannen">Henri Nannen</a>, German journalist, mass media owner (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Swift" title="Frank Swift">Frank Swift</a>, English footballer (d. <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lou_Jacobi" title="Lou Jacobi">Lou Jacobi</a>, Canadian-American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">December 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Werner" title="Pierre Werner">Pierre Werner</a>, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elyne_Mitchell" title="Elyne Mitchell">Elyne Mitchell</a>, Australian author (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_2">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halil-Salim_Jabara" title="Halil-Salim Jabara">Halil-Salim Jabara</a>, Israeli Arab politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahjat_Talhouni" title="Bahjat Talhouni">Bahjat Talhouni</a>, 4-time <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jordan" title="Prime Minister of Jordan">Prime Minister of Jordan</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January_2">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Kinkelin" title="Hermann Kinkelin">Hermann Kinkelin</a>, Swiss mathematician and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Teisserenc_de_Bort" title="Léon Teisserenc de Bort">Léon Teisserenc de Bort</a>, French meteorologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Davis_(Arkansas_governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeff Davis (Arkansas governor)">Jeff Davis</a>, American politician, 20th <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Arkansas" title="List of governors of Arkansas">Governor of Arkansas</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_von_Schlieffen" title="Alfred von Schlieffen">Alfred von Schlieffen</a>, German field marshal (b. <a href="/wiki/1833" title="1833">1833</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gyula_Juh%C3%A1sz_(sculptor)" title="Gyula Juhász (sculptor)">Gyula Juhász</a>, Hungarian sculptor (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Mertz" title="Xavier Mertz">Xavier Mertz</a>, Swiss explorer, mountaineer and skier (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Dolan_(baseball)" title="Tom Dolan (baseball)">Tom Dolan</a>, American baseball pitcher (b. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_S._C._Lowe" title="Thaddeus S. C. Lowe">Thaddeus S. C. Lowe</a>, American aeronaut, scientist and inventor (b. <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Alexander_Gibson" title="George Alexander Gibson">George Alexander Gibson</a>, Scottish physician (b. <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Guadalupe_Posada" title="José Guadalupe Posada">José Guadalupe Posada</a>, Mexican political printmaker and engraver (b. <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Wittgenstein" title="Karl Wittgenstein">Karl Wittgenstein</a>, Austrian steel tycoon (b. <a href="/wiki/1847" title="1847">1847</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alu%C3%ADsio_Azevedo" title="Aluísio Azevedo">Aluísio Azevedo</a>, Brazilian novelist (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rainer_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Rainer Ferdinand of Austria">Archduke Rainer Ferdinand of Austria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Heinrich_Franz" title="Julius Heinrich Franz">Julius Heinrich Franz</a>, German astronomer (b. <a href="/wiki/1847" title="1847">1847</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segismundo_Moret" title="Segismundo Moret">Segismundo Moret</a>, Spanish politician and writer, 3-time <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1833" title="1833">1833</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February_2">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gustaf_de_Laval_1875.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Gustaf_de_Laval_1875.jpg/120px-Gustaf_de_Laval_1875.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Gustaf_de_Laval_1875.jpg/250px-Gustaf_de_Laval_1875.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="714" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_de_Laval" title="Gustaf de Laval">Gustaf de Laval</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2010-03-10_Kasimir_Ernrot_Exhibition_Bonn-Duisdorf.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/2010-03-10_Kasimir_Ernrot_Exhibition_Bonn-Duisdorf.JPG/120px-2010-03-10_Kasimir_Ernrot_Exhibition_Bonn-Duisdorf.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/2010-03-10_Kasimir_Ernrot_Exhibition_Bonn-Duisdorf.JPG/250px-2010-03-10_Kasimir_Ernrot_Exhibition_Bonn-Duisdorf.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1477" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yohan_Kazimir_Ernrot" class="mw-redirect" title="Yohan Kazimir Ernrot">Yohan Kazimir Ernrot</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_de_Laval" title="Gustaf de Laval">Gustaf de Laval</a>, Swedish engineer and inventor (b. <a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Ehrnrooth" title="Johan Ehrnrooth">Johan Ehrnrooth</a>, 5th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Prime Minister of Bulgaria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1833" title="1833">1833</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lio_Gangeri" title="Lio Gangeri">Lio Gangeri</a>, Italian sculptor (b. <a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Morten_Eskesen" title="Morten Eskesen">Morten Eskesen</a>, Danish author (b. <a href="/wiki/1826" title="1826">1826</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Enrique_Araujo" title="Manuel Enrique Araujo">Manuel Enrique Araujo</a>, 23rd <a href="/wiki/President_of_El_Salvador" title="President of El Salvador">President of El Salvador</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Florence_Barker_(actress)" title="Florence Barker (actress)">Florence Barker</a>, American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley_Gibbons" title="Edward Stanley Gibbons">Edward Stanley Gibbons</a>, English philatelist, founder of <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Gibbons" title="Stanley Gibbons">Stanley Gibbons</a> Ltd (b. <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_von_Lieben" title="Robert von Lieben">Robert von Lieben</a>, Austrian physicist (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure" title="Ferdinand de Saussure">Ferdinand de Saussure</a>, Swiss linguist and semiotician (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Longyu" title="Empress Dowager Longyu">Empress Dowager Longyu</a>, Chinese empress (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_I._Madero" title="Francisco I. Madero">Francisco I. Madero</a>, 33rd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mexico" title="President of Mexico">President of Mexico</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-desconocido_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-desconocido-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9nes_Andr%C3%A1ssy" title="Dénes Andrássy">Dénes Andrássy</a>, Hungarian nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Felix_Draeseke" title="Felix Draeseke">Felix Draeseke</a>, German composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Finnegan" title="George Finnegan">George Finnegan</a>, American Olympic boxer (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_2">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harriet_Tubman_1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Harriet_Tubman_1895.jpg/120px-Harriet_Tubman_1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Harriet_Tubman_1895.jpg/250px-Harriet_Tubman_1895.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="870" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_George_of_Hellenes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/King_George_of_Hellenes.jpg/120px-King_George_of_Hellenes.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/King_George_of_Hellenes.jpg/250px-King_George_of_Hellenes.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">George I of Greece</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnPierpontMorgan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/JohnPierpontMorgan.png/120px-JohnPierpontMorgan.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/JohnPierpontMorgan.png/250px-JohnPierpontMorgan.png 1.5x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan" title="J. P. Morgan">J. P. Morgan</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/E._Pauline_Johnson" title="E. Pauline Johnson">E. Pauline Johnson</a>, Canadian writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a>, American abolitionist, humanitarian and spy (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1822" title="1822">1822</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Shaw_Billings" title="John Shaw Billings">John Shaw Billings</a>, American military, medical leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1838" title="1838">1838</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pereira_Passos" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Pereira Passos">Francisco Pereira Passos</a>, Brazilian engineer politician, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Rio_de_Janeiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Rio de Janeiro">Mayor of Rio de Janeiro</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1836" title="1836">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Felix_Hidalgo" class="mw-redirect" title="Felix Hidalgo">Felix Hidalgo</a>, Filipino artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Desgodins" title="Auguste Desgodins">Auguste Desgodins</a>, French missionary (b. <a href="/wiki/1826" title="1826">1826</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Soledad_Acosta" title="Soledad Acosta">Soledad Acosta</a>, Colombian journalist and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1833" title="1833">1833</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – King <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">George I of Greece</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_Allaga" title="Géza Allaga">Géza Allaga</a>, Hungarian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Bonilla" title="Manuel Bonilla">Manuel Bonilla</a>, 2-time <a href="/wiki/President_of_Honduras" title="President of Honduras">President of Honduras</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1849" title="1849">1849</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_22" title="March 22">March 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Grigore_Cantacuzino" title="Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino">Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino</a>, Romanian lawyer and politician, 20th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1833" title="1833">1833</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_Jiaoren" title="Song Jiaoren">Sung Chiao-jen</a>, Chinese revolutionary (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Garnet_Wolseley,_1st_Viscount_Wolseley" title="Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley">Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley</a>, British field marshal (b. <a href="/wiki/1833" title="1833">1833</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan" title="J. P. Morgan">J. P. Morgan</a>, American financier (b. <a href="/wiki/1837" title="1837">1837</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April_2">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Lemcke" title="Carl von Lemcke">Carl von Lemcke</a>, German mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gyula_K%C5%91nig" title="Gyula Kőnig">Gyula Kőnig</a>, Hungarian mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1849" title="1849">1849</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kareemullah_Shah" title="Kareemullah Shah">Kareemullah Shah</a>, Indian <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> scholar and saint</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lester_Frank_Ward" title="Lester Frank Ward">Lester Frank Ward</a>, American botanist, paleontologist and sociologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Janson" title="Paul Janson">Paul Janson</a>, Belgian politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Winckler" title="Hugo Winckler">Hugo Winckler</a>, German archaeologist and historian who uncovered the capital of the Hittite Empire (Hattusa) (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vilhelm_Bissen" title="Vilhelm Bissen">Vilhelm Bissen</a>, Danish sculptor (b. <a href="/wiki/1836" title="1836">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Abramovich" title="Vsevolod Abramovich">Vsevolod Abramovich</a>, Russian aviator (b. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Kotsiubynsky" title="Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky">Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky</a>, Ukrainian author (b. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stjepan_Kova%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Stjepan Kovačević">Stjepan Kovačević</a>, Croatian politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_von_Seidl" title="Gabriel von Seidl">Gabriel von Seidl</a>, German architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Flocken" title="Andreas Flocken">Andreas Flocken</a>, German entrepreneur and inventor (b. <a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Hlad%C3%ADk" title="Václav Hladík">Václav Hladík</a>, Austro-Hungarian novelist (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_2">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tancrede_Auguste.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tancrede_Auguste.jpg/120px-Tancrede_Auguste.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tancrede_Auguste.jpg/165px-Tancrede_Auguste.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tancrede_Auguste.jpg/220px-Tancrede_Auguste.jpg 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="418" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tancr%C3%A8de_Auguste" title="Tancrède Auguste">Tancrède Auguste</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elena_Guro_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Elena_Guro_7.jpg/120px-Elena_Guro_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Elena_Guro_7.jpg/250px-Elena_Guro_7.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elena_Guro" title="Elena Guro">Elena Guro</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Barclay_Armstrong" title="John Barclay Armstrong">John Barclay Armstrong</a>, Texas Ranger, U.S. Marshal (b. <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tancr%C3%A8de_Auguste" title="Tancrède Auguste">Tancrède Auguste</a>, Haitian general, 20th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Haiti" title="President of Haiti">President of Haiti</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1856" title="1856">1856</a>)</li> <li>Metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Baselios_Paulose_I" title="Baselios Paulose I">Baselios Paulose I</a>, Indian bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1836" title="1836">1836</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elena_Guro" title="Elena Guro">Elena Guro</a>, Russian painter and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Adolphus_Duhring" title="Louis Adolphus Duhring">Louis Adolphus Duhring</a>, American physician (b. <a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Perrier" title="Louis Perrier">Louis Perrier</a>, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. <a href="/wiki/1849" title="1849">1849</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lopp%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Loppé">Gabriel Loppé</a>, French painter and photographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1825" title="1825">1825</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Redl" title="Alfred Redl">Alfred Redl</a>, Austrian military intelligence officer, double agent (honorable suicide) (b. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_2">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emily_Wilding_Davison_by_Andrew_William_Dron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Emily_Wilding_Davison_by_Andrew_William_Dron.jpg/120px-Emily_Wilding_Davison_by_Andrew_William_Dron.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Emily_Wilding_Davison_by_Andrew_William_Dron.jpg/250px-Emily_Wilding_Davison_by_Andrew_William_Dron.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2844" data-file-height="4496" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emily_Davison" title="Emily Davison">Emily Davison</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolas_Pierola.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c1/Nicolas_Pierola.jpg/120px-Nicolas_Pierola.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c1/Nicolas_Pierola.jpg/165px-Nicolas_Pierola.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c1/Nicolas_Pierola.jpg 2x" data-file-width="182" data-file-height="277" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_de_Pi%C3%A9rola" title="Nicolás de Piérola">Nicolás de Piérola</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Austin" title="Alfred Austin">Alfred Austin</a>, English Poet Laureate (b. <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chris_von_der_Ahe" title="Chris von der Ahe">Chris von der Ahe</a>, German-born American brewer, baseball owner (b. <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emily_Davison" title="Emily Davison">Emily Davison</a>, English suffragette (b. <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sydenham_E._Ancona" title="Sydenham E. Ancona">Sydenham E. Ancona</a>, American educator, politician and member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> from 1861 to 1867 (b. <a href="/wiki/1824" title="1824">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Octavian_Iosif" title="Ștefan Octavian Iosif">Ștefan Octavian Iosif</a>, Romanian poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorin-Hippolyte_Jasset" title="Victorin-Hippolyte Jasset">Victorin-Hippolyte Jasset</a>, French pioneer (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_de_Pi%C3%A9rola" title="Nicolás de Piérola">Nicolás de Piérola</a>, Peruvian politician, 2-time <a href="/wiki/President_of_Peru" title="President of Peru">President of Peru</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hutchinson" title="Jonathan Hutchinson">Sir Jonathan Hutchinson</a>, English surgeon (b. <a href="/wiki/1828" title="1828">1828</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ferraz_de_Campos_Sales" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales">Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales</a>, Brazilian lawyer, politician and 4th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Brazil" title="President of Brazil">President of Brazil</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_3">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arisugawa_Takahito.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Arisugawa_Takahito.jpg/120px-Arisugawa_Takahito.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Arisugawa_Takahito.jpg/250px-Arisugawa_Takahito.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="677" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prince_Arisugawa_Takehito" title="Prince Arisugawa Takehito">Prince Arisugawa Takehito</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cl%C3%ADmaco_Calder%C3%B3n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Cl%C3%ADmaco_Calder%C3%B3n.jpg/120px-Cl%C3%ADmaco_Calder%C3%B3n.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Cl%C3%ADmaco_Calder%C3%B3n.jpg/250px-Cl%C3%ADmaco_Calder%C3%B3n.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="875" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Climaco_Calderon" class="mw-redirect" title="Climaco Calderon">Climaco Calderon</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_M._Abrahams" title="Emanuel M. Abrahams">Emanuel M. Abrahams</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson_Young" title="Horatio Nelson Young">Horatio Nelson Young</a>, American Civil War naval hero (b. <a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Arisugawa_Takehito" title="Prince Arisugawa Takehito">Prince Arisugawa Takehito</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Burd_Grubb_Jr." title="Edward Burd Grubb Jr.">Edward Burd Grubb Jr.</a>, American Union Army officer, diplomat and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikol%C3%A1%C5%A1_Ale%C5%A1" title="Mikoláš Aleš">Mikoláš Aleš</a>, Austro-Hungarian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Valentine_Ellis" title="John Valentine Ellis">John Valentine Ellis</a>, Canadian journalist (b. 1835)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lavigne" title="Charles Lavigne">Charles Lavigne</a>, Ceylonese <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar Catholic</a> bishop and Servant of God (b. <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Burd_Grubb_Jr." title="Edward Burd Grubb Jr.">Edward Burd Grubb Jr.</a>, American Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General (b. <a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Bachrich" title="Sigismund Bachrich">Sigismund Bachrich</a>, Hungarian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Esther_Saville_Allen" title="Esther Saville Allen">Esther Saville Allen</a>, American author (b. <a href="/wiki/1837" title="1837">1837</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%ADmaco_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Clímaco Calderón">Clímaco Calderón</a>, Colombian lawyer, politician and 15th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President of Colombia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Rudnev" title="Vsevolod Rudnev">Vsevolod Rudnev</a>, Russian admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adh%C3%A9mar_Esmein" title="Adhémar Esmein">Adhémar Esmein</a>, French jurist (b. <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_L%C3%B3pez_Rivas" title="Eduardo López Rivas">Eduardo López Rivas</a>, Venezuelan editor and journalist (b. <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Asser" title="Tobias Asser">Tobias Asser</a>, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. <a href="/wiki/1838" title="1838">1838</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Alicia_Blackwood" title="Lady Alicia Blackwood">Lady Alicia Blackwood</a>, English painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_F._Daniell" title="Warren F. Daniell">Warren F. Daniell</a>, American politician, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Representative">U.S. Representative</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1826" title="1826">1826</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/It%C5%8D_Sachio" title="Itō Sachio">Itō Sachio</a>, Japanese poet and novelist (b. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_3">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johannes_Linnankoski.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Johannes_Linnankoski.jpg/120px-Johannes_Linnankoski.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Johannes_Linnankoski.jpg/250px-Johannes_Linnankoski.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Linnankoski" title="Johannes Linnankoski">Johannes Linnankoski</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Cochrane" title="Josephine Cochrane">Josephine Cochrane</a>, American inventor of the first commercially successful dishwasher (b. <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Graybill" title="Joseph Graybill">Joseph Graybill</a>, American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Laspeyres" title="Étienne Laspeyres">Étienne Laspeyres</a>, German economist (b. <a href="/wiki/1834" title="1834">1834</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Franklin_Cody" title="Samuel Franklin Cody">Samuel Franklin Cody</a>, American-born British aviation pioneer (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Albermann" title="Wilhelm Albermann">Wilhelm Albermann</a>, German sculptor (b. <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jules_Desbrochers_des_Loges" title="Jules Desbrochers des Loges">Jules Desbrochers des Loges</a>, French entomologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1836" title="1836">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Avseenko" title="Vasily Avseenko">Vasily Avseenko</a>, Russian journalist and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">August Bebel</a>, German Social Democratic politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Ollivier" title="Émile Ollivier">Émile Ollivier</a>, 24th Prime Minister of France (b. <a href="/wiki/1825" title="1825">1825</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oscar_de_N%C3%A9grier" title="Oscar de Négrier">Oscar de Négrier</a>, French general (b. <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Kamensky" title="Fyodor Kamensky">Fyodor Kamensky</a>, Russian sculptor (b. <a href="/wiki/1836" title="1836">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lars_Havstad" title="Lars Havstad">Lars Havstad</a>, Norwegian activist (b. <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_2">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rudolf_Diesel2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rudolf_Diesel2.jpg/110px-Rudolf_Diesel2.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rudolf_Diesel2.jpg/165px-Rudolf_Diesel2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rudolf_Diesel2.jpg/220px-Rudolf_Diesel2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="717" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Diesel" title="Rudolf Diesel">Rudolf Diesel</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – Patriarch and Metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Lukijan_Bogdanovi%C4%87" title="Lukijan Bogdanović">Lukijan Bogdanović</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Smet_de_Naeyer" title="Paul de Smet de Naeyer">Paul de Smet de Naeyer</a>, 16th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">Prime Minister of Belgium</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arandzar" title="Arandzar">Arandzar</a>, Armenian poet and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Julius_Lewkowitsch" title="Julius Lewkowitsch">Julius Lewkowitsch</a>, German engineer (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_George_Alexandrovich_Yuryevsky" title="Prince George Alexandrovich Yuryevsky">Prince George Alexandrovich Yuryevsky</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Blumentritt" title="Ferdinand Blumentritt">Ferdinand Blumentritt</a>, Filipino author (b. <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Diesel" title="Rudolf Diesel">Rudolf Diesel</a>, German engine inventor (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Bhadrayuvadi" title="Beatrice Bhadrayuvadi">Beatrice Bhadrayuvadi</a>, Siamese princess (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Klawiter" title="Antoni Klawiter">Antoni Klawiter</a>, Polish Roman Catholic priest and venerable (b. <a href="/wiki/1836" title="1836">1836</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_2">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Faysal_bin_Turki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Faysal_bin_Turki.jpg/120px-Faysal_bin_Turki.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Faysal_bin_Turki.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="284" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Faisal_bin_Turki,_Sultan_of_Muscat_and_Oman" title="Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman">Faisal bin Turki</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adolphus_busch2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Adolphus_busch2.jpg/120px-Adolphus_busch2.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Adolphus_busch2.jpg/250px-Adolphus_busch2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Busch" title="Adolphus Busch">Adolphus Busch</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:11_KatsuraT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/11_KatsuraT.jpg/120px-11_KatsuraT.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/11_KatsuraT.jpg/250px-11_KatsuraT.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Katsura_Tar%C5%8D" title="Katsura Tarō">Katsura Tarō</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josep_Tapir%C3%B3_Bar%C3%B3" title="Josep Tapiró Baró">Josep Tapiró Baró</a>, Spanish painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1836" title="1836">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_bin_Turki,_Sultan_of_Muscat_and_Oman" title="Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman">Faisal bin Turki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Oman" title="Sultan of Oman">Sultan of Oman</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Cripps_Kennedy" title="Eleanor Cripps Kennedy">Eleanor Cripps Kennedy</a>, Canadian businessman (b. <a href="/wiki/1825" title="1825">1825</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Bartels" title="Hans von Bartels">Hans von Bartels</a>, German painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1856" title="1856">1856</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Banjav%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Ivan Banjavčić">Ivan Banjavčić</a>, Croatian politician and philanthropist (b. <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Busch" title="Adolphus Busch">Adolphus Busch</a>, German-American brewer, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch">Anheuser-Busch</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Maria_Aguirre_y_Garcia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorio Maria Aguirre y Garcia">Gregorio Maria Aguirre y Garcia</a>, Spanish Roman Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsura_Tar%C5%8D" title="Katsura Tarō">Katsura Tarō</a>, 6th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Leisinger" title="Elisabeth Leisinger">Elisabeth Leisinger</a>, German soprano (b <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Sobolev" title="Leonid Sobolev">Leonid Sobolev</a>, 6th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Prime Minister of Bulgaria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Rose" title="Ralph Rose">Ralph Rose</a>, American Olympic athlete (b. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Tellier" title="Charles Tellier">Charles Tellier</a>, French engineer, inventor of the chemical refrigerator (b. <a href="/wiki/1828" title="1828">1828</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Kirpichov" title="Viktor Kirpichov">Viktor Kirpichov</a>, Russian engineer and physicist (b. <a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Kolde" title="Theodor Kolde">Theodor Kolde</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dar%C3%ADo_de_Regoyos" title="Darío de Regoyos">Darío de Regoyos</a>, Spanish painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November_3">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Sava_Grujic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/General_Sava_Grujic.jpg/120px-General_Sava_Grujic.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/General_Sava_Grujic.jpg/250px-General_Sava_Grujic.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sava_Gruji%C4%87" title="Sava Grujić">Sava Grujić</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sava_Gruji%C4%87" title="Sava Grujić">Sava Grujić</a>, Serbian diplomat, general and politician, 5-time <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">Prime Minister of Serbia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fredericus_Anna_Jentink" title="Fredericus Anna Jentink">Fredericus Anna Jentink</a>, Dutch zoologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a>, Welsh biologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1823" title="1823">1823</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Abell" title="Ferdinand Abell">Ferdinand Abell</a>, American businessman (b. <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Acri" title="Francesco Acri">Francesco Acri</a>, Italian philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1834" title="1834">1834</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Haviland_Le_Mesurier" title="Haviland Le Mesurier">Haviland Le Mesurier</a>, Australian soldier (b. <a href="/wiki/1856" title="1856">1856</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December_3">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Menelik_II.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Emperor_Menelik_II.png/120px-Emperor_Menelik_II.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Emperor_Menelik_II.png/250px-Emperor_Menelik_II.png 1.5x" data-file-width="4371" data-file-height="5445" /></a><figcaption>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II">Menelik II</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthimus_vii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Anthimus_vii.jpg/120px-Anthimus_vii.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Anthimus_vii.jpg/250px-Anthimus_vii.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_VII_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus VII of Constantinople">Patriarch Anthimus VII of Constantinople</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juho_Lallukka" title="Juho Lallukka">Juho Lallukka</a>, Finnish businessman (b. <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juhan_Liiv" title="Juhan Liiv">Juhan Liiv</a>, Estonian poet and short story writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Dugu%C3%A9" title="Ferdinand Dugué">Ferdinand Dugué</a>, French playwright (b. <a href="/wiki/1816" title="1816">1816</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Oreglia_di_Santo_Stefano" title="Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano">Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano</a>, Italian Catholic churchman, last surviving cardinal of Pius IX (b. <a href="/wiki/1828" title="1828">1828</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Montgomery_Ward" title="Aaron Montgomery Ward">Aaron Montgomery Ward</a>, American businessman, inventor of mail order (b. <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Kol%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="František Koláček">František Koláček</a>, Austro-Hungarian physicist (b. <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Letort" title="Léon Letort">Léon Letort</a>, French aviator (b. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Hirsch_(architect)" title="Abraham Hirsch (architect)">Abraham Hirsch</a>, French architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1828" title="1828">1828</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_In_der_Maur" title="Carl von In der Maur">Carl von In der Maur</a>, Governor of Liechtenstein (b. <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Kalinderu" title="Ioan Kalinderu">Ioan Kalinderu</a>, Romanian jurist (b. <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II">Menelik II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor of Ethiopia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Birger_Kildal" title="Birger Kildal">Birger Kildal</a>, Norwegian businessman (b. <a href="/wiki/1849" title="1849">1849</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Lebrija" title="Miguel Lebrija">Miguel Lebrija</a>, Mexican aviator (b. <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anthimus_VII_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus VII of Constantinople">Patriarch Anthimus VII of Constantinople</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1827" title="1827">1827</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Aguilera" title="Alberto Aguilera">Alberto Aguilera</a>, Spanish politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Bierce" title="Ambrose Bierce">Ambrose Bierce</a>, American writer, journalist (disappeared on this date) (b. <a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Ant%C3%B3nia_of_Portugal" title="Infanta Antónia of Portugal">Infanta Antónia of Portugal</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Maria_Boccardo" title="Giovanni Maria Boccardo">Giovanni Maria Boccardo</a>, Italian Roman Catholic priest and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nobel_Prizes">Nobel Prizes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Nobel Prizes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_medal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/120px-Nobel_medal.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/250px-Nobel_medal.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Medicine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet">Charles Richet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henri_La_Fontaine" title="Henri La Fontaine">Henri La Fontaine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Published as by K. Stalin in <i><a href="/wiki/Prosveshcheniye" title="Prosveshcheniye">Prosveshcheniye</a></i>, March–May.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Επίτομη Ιστορία των Βαλκανικών Πολέμων 1912-1913</i> [<i>Concise History of the Balkan Wars 1912–1913</i>]. Athens: Hellenic Army General Staff, Army History Directorate. 1987. pp. <span class="nowrap">125–</span>130.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%95%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B7+%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD+%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BC%CF%89%CE%BD+1912-1913&rft.place=Athens&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E125-%3C%2Fspan%3E130&rft.pub=Hellenic+Army+General+Staff%2C+Army+History+Directorate&rft.date=1987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFErickson2003" class="citation book cs1">Erickson, Edward J. (2003). <i>Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913</i>. Westport, CT: Greenwood. pp. <span class="nowrap">157–</span>158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-97888-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-97888-5"><bdi>0-275-97888-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defeat+in+Detail%3A+The+Ottoman+Army+in+the+Balkans%2C+1912%E2%80%931913&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E157-%3C%2Fspan%3E158&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-275-97888-5&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cottrell-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cottrell_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cottrell_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCottrell2009" class="citation book cs1">Cottrell, Peter (2009). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warforirelandgen00cott"><i>The War for Ireland, 1913-1923</i></a></span>. Oxford: Osprey. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warforirelandgen00cott/page/n14">14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-9966" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-9966"><bdi>978-1-84603-9966</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+for+Ireland%2C+1913-1923&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-9966&rft.aulast=Cottrell&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarforirelandgen00cott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFotakis2005" class="citation book cs1">Fotakis, Zisis (2005). <i>Greek Naval Strategy and Policy, 1910–1919</i>. London: Routledge. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-35014-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-35014-3"><bdi>978-0-415-35014-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Naval+Strategy+and+Policy%2C+1910%E2%80%931919&rft.place=London&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-35014-3&rft.aulast=Fotakis&rft.aufirst=Zisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-desconocido-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-desconocido_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-desconocido_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-desconocido_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-desconocido_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCisneros2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cisneros, Stefany (November 11, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/francisco-i-madero.html">"Francisco I. Madero, ¿quién fue y cuál es su biografía?"</a> [Francisco I. Madero, Who was he, and what is his biography?] (in Spanish). Mexico Desconocido. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190530040012/https://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/francisco-i-madero.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Francisco+I.+Madero%2C+%C2%BFqui%C3%A9n+fue+y+cu%C3%A1l+es+su+biograf%C3%ADa%3F&rft.pub=Mexico+Desconocido&rft.date=2018-11-11&rft.aulast=Cisneros&rft.aufirst=Stefany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mexicodesconocido.com.mx%2Ffrancisco-i-madero.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFService2005" class="citation book cs1">Service, Robert (2005). <i>Stalin: A Biography</i>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">90–</span>91.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stalin%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E90-%3C%2Fspan%3E91&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Service&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"Over 200 Lost in Storm". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. March 8, 1913.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Over+200+Lost+in+Storm&rft.date=1913-03-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15403623">"British Steamer Lost"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>. March 10, 1913. p. 9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207123100/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/15403623">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=British+Steamer+Lost&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1913-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article15403623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/03/08/100256597.pdf">"Ship Blows Up"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. March 8, 1913. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308022609/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/03/08/100256597.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ship+Blows+Up&rft.date=1913-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1913%2F03%2F08%2F100256597.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WDL-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WDL_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927124658/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11376/">"Study for Woolworth Building, New York"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Digital_Library" title="World Digital Library">World Digital Library</a></i>. December 10, 1910. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11376/">the original</a> on September 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Digital+Library&rft.atitle=Study+for+Woolworth+Building%2C+New+York&rft.date=1910-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F11376%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKershaw2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Kershaw" title="Ian Kershaw">Kershaw, Ian</a> (2010). <i>Hitler: A Biography</i>. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%3A+A+Biography&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Kershaw&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100901005957/http://www.wnyc.org/shows/radiolab/episodes/2006/04/21">"Radio Lab, Show 202: "Musical Language"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. New York: WNYC. April 21, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wnyc.org/shows/radiolab/episodes/2006/04/21">the original</a> on September 1, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radio+Lab%2C+Show+202%3A+%22Musical+Language%22&rft.place=New+York%3A+WNYC&rft.date=2006-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wnyc.org%2Fshows%2Fradiolab%2Fepisodes%2F2006%2F04%2F21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span> Host/Producer: <a href="/wiki/Jad_Abumrad" title="Jad Abumrad">Jad Abumrad</a>, Co-Host: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Krulwich" title="Robert Krulwich">Robert Krulwich</a>, Producer: Ellen Horne, Production Executives: Dean Capello and Mikel Ellcessor.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Illies-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Illies_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIllies2013" class="citation book cs1">Illies, Florian (2013). <i>1913: The Year Before the Storm</i>. Melville House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61219-352-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61219-352-6"><bdi>978-1-61219-352-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1913%3A+The+Year+Before+the+Storm&rft.pub=Melville+House&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-61219-352-6&rft.aulast=Illies&rft.aufirst=Florian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Women's_History_Timeline-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Women's_History_Timeline_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/timeline/1910.shtml">"BBC Radio 4 - Woman's Hour - Women's History Timeline: 1910 - 1919"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080106132003/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/timeline/1910.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Radio+4+-+Woman%27s+Hour+-+Women%27s+History+Timeline%3A+1910+-+1919&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fradio4%2Fwomanshour%2Ftimeline%2F1910.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReadfearn2020" class="citation news cs1">Readfearn, Graham (August 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/aug/17/death-valley-temperature-rises-to-544c-possibly-the-hottest-ever-reliably-recorded">"Death Valley temperature rises to 54.4C – possibly the hottest ever reliably recorded"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817204338/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/aug/17/death-valley-temperature-rises-to-544c-possibly-the-hottest-ever-reliably-recorded">Archived</a> from the original on August 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Death+Valley+temperature+rises+to+54.4C+%E2%80%93+possibly+the+hottest+ever+reliably+recorded&rft.date=2020-08-17&rft.aulast=Readfearn&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2020%2Faug%2F17%2Fdeath-valley-temperature-rises-to-544c-possibly-the-hottest-ever-reliably-recorded&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeașuNemețBorzanRogozea2015" class="citation journal cs1">Leașu, Florin; Nemeț, Codruța; Borzan, Cristina; Rogozea, Liliana (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281820179">"A novel method to combat the cholera epidemic among the Romanian Army during the Balkan War - 1913"</a>. <i>Acta medico-historica Adriatica</i>. <b>13</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">159–</span>170. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26203545">26203545</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+medico-historica+Adriatica&rft.atitle=A+novel+method+to+combat+the+cholera+epidemic+among+the+Romanian+Army+during+the+Balkan+War+-+1913&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E159-%3C%2Fspan%3E170&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26203545&rft.aulast=Lea%C8%99u&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft.au=Neme%C8%9B%2C+Codru%C8%9Ba&rft.au=Borzan%2C+Cristina&rft.au=Rogozea%2C+Liliana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F281820179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323054815/http://www.blayney.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/329/3h%20-%20Hobbys%20Yards%20Heritage%20Items.pdf.aspx">"Statistics of urban localities (1908–2004)"</a>. INE. 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.gub.uy/biblioteca/toponimico/Categorizaci%F3n%20localidades%20urbanas%20orden%20alfab%E9tico.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 23, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistics+of+urban+localities+%281908%E2%80%932004%29&rft.pub=INE&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.gub.uy%2Fbiblioteca%2Ftoponimico%2FCategorizaci%25F3n%2520localidades%2520urbanas%2520orden%2520alfab%25E9tico.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pocket_On_This_Day-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pocket_On_This_Day_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pocket_On_This_Day_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Penguin Pocket On This Day</i>. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-102715-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-102715-0"><bdi>0-14-102715-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penguin+Pocket+On+This+Day&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Penguin+Reference+Library&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-14-102715-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Airman Uses Parachute". <i>New York Times</i>. August 20, 1913.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yeates-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yeates_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yeates_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYeates2009" class="citation journal cs1">Yeates, Padraig (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120926003531/http://www.historyireland.com/volumes/volume9/issue2/features/?id=259">"The Dublin 1913 Lockout"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/History_Ireland" title="History Ireland">History Ireland</a></i>. <b>9</b> (2). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyireland.com//volumes/volume9/issue2/features/?id=259">the original</a> on September 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Ireland&rft.atitle=The+Dublin+1913+Lockout&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Yeates&rft.aufirst=Padraig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyireland.com%2F%2Fvolumes%2Fvolume9%2Fissue2%2Ffeatures%2F%3Fid%3D259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSwan2013" class="citation journal cs1">Swan, Tony (April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caranddriver.com/features/fords-assembly-line-turns-100-how-it-really-put-the-world-on-wheels-feature">"Ford's Assembly Line Turns 100: How It Really Put the World on Wheels"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Car_and_Driver" title="Car and Driver">Car and Driver</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170419222733/http://www.caranddriver.com/features/fords-assembly-line-turns-100-how-it-really-put-the-world-on-wheels-feature">Archived</a> from the original on April 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Car+and+Driver&rft.atitle=Ford%27s+Assembly+Line+Turns+100%3A+How+It+Really+Put+the+World+on+Wheels&rft.date=2013-04&rft.aulast=Swan&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caranddriver.com%2Ffeatures%2Ffords-assembly-line-turns-100-how-it-really-put-the-world-on-wheels-feature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/moving-assembly-line-at-ford">"October 7 1913: Moving assembly line debuts at Ford factory"</a>. <i>This Day in History</i>. <a href="/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="History (U.S. TV channel)">The History Channel</a>. March 4, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160915141050/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/moving-assembly-line-at-ford">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=This+Day+in+History&rft.atitle=October+7+1913%3A+Moving+assembly+line+debuts+at+Ford+factory&rft.date=2010-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fmoving-assembly-line-at-ford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/fords-assembly-line-starts-rolling">"December 1 1913: Ford's assembly line starts rolling"</a>. <i>This Day in History</i>. The History Channel. November 13, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=This+Day+in+History&rft.atitle=December+1+1913%3A+Ford%27s+assembly+line+starts+rolling&rft.date=2009-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Ffords-assembly-line-starts-rolling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrowhurst2005" class="citation web cs1">Crowhurst, Richard (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timetravel-britain.com/articles/museums/portsmouth.shtml">"A History of Firsts: Portsmouth Historic Dockyard"</a>. <i>TimeTravel-Britain.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120706130633/http://www.timetravel-britain.com/articles/museums/portsmouth.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TimeTravel-Britain.com&rft.atitle=A+History+of+Firsts%3A+Portsmouth+Historic+Dockyard&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Crowhurst&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timetravel-britain.com%2Farticles%2Fmuseums%2Fportsmouth.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShklifov2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Blagoy_Shklifov" title="Blagoy Shklifov">Shklifov, Blagoy</a> (2011). <i>На кол вода пиехме. Записки за Христовите мъки на българите в Егейска Македония през ХХ век</i> [<i>At stake drinking water, Notes on Christ's passion of Bulgarians in Aegean Macedonia during the twentieth century</i>] (in Bulgarian). Sofia. pp. <span class="nowrap">51–</span>53.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B5.+%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%B2+%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7+%D0%A5%D0%A5+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA&rft.place=Sofia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E51-%3C%2Fspan%3E53&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Shklifov&rft.aufirst=Blagoy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://universes.art/en/art-destinations/argentina/northwest/salta/city/centro-cultural">"Centro Cultural América, City of Salta. Art Destination Argentina"</a>. <i>universes.art</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=universes.art&rft.atitle=Centro+Cultural+Am%C3%A9rica%2C+City+of+Salta.+Art+Destination+Argentina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funiverses.art%2Fen%2Fart-destinations%2Fargentina%2Fnorthwest%2Fsalta%2Fcity%2Fcentro-cultural&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZirulia2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zirulia, Giuliano (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KuglCgAAQBAJ&q=Knut+Sj%C3%B6berg%2C+Astra%2C+CEO&pg=PT69"><i>L'industria delle Medicine</i></a> (in Italian). Edra Masson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788821439049" title="Special:BookSources/9788821439049"><bdi>9788821439049</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27industria+delle+Medicine&rft.pub=Edra+Masson&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9788821439049&rft.aulast=Zirulia&rft.aufirst=Giuliano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKuglCgAAQBAJ%26q%3DKnut%2BSj%25C3%25B6berg%252C%2BAstra%252C%2BCEO%26pg%3DPT69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/edward-gierek-9253129.html">"Edward Gierek"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. April 11, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210728112832/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/edward-gierek-9253129.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Edward+Gierek&rft.date=2014-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fedward-gierek-9253129.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rosa-Parks">"Rosa Parks | Biography & Facts"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150722205629/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rosa-Parks">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Rosa+Parks+%7C+Biography+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FRosa-Parks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan Petrie, "Slocombe, (Ralph) Douglas Vladimir (1913–2016)", <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Oxford University Press, Jan 2020 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/111119">available online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420192201/https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-111119;jsessionid=A6C107D7003ABB960B0D402AD22881C1">Archived</a> April 20, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 8 July 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJoachimsthaler1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Joachimsthaler" title="Anton Joachimsthaler">Joachimsthaler, Anton</a> (1999) [1995]. <i>The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, The Evidence, The Truth</i>. Brockhampton Press. p. 283. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86019-902-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-86019-902-X"><bdi>1-86019-902-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Days+of+Hitler%3A+The+Legends%2C+The+Evidence%2C+The+Truth&rft.pages=283&rft.pub=Brockhampton+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-86019-902-X&rft.aulast=Joachimsthaler&rft.aufirst=Anton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240610132617/https://research.rkd.nl/nl/detail/https%3A%2f%2fdata.rkd.nl%2fartists%2f68100">"Jopie Roosenburg-Goudriaan"</a> (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Institute_for_Art_History" title="Netherlands Institute for Art History">Netherlands Institute for Art History</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/artists/68100">the original</a> on June 10, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jopie+Roosenburg-Goudriaan&rft.pub=Netherlands+Institute+for+Art+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frkd.nl%2Fartists%2F68100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGribbin2000" class="citation book cs1">Gribbin, John (2000). <i>Q is for quantum : an encyclopedia of particle physics</i>. New York: Touchstone. p. 203. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780684863153" title="Special:BookSources/9780684863153"><bdi>9780684863153</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Q+is+for+quantum+%3A+an+encyclopedia+of+particle+physics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=203&rft.pub=Touchstone&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780684863153&rft.aulast=Gribbin&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBernard_S._SchlessingerJune_H._Schlessinger1996" class="citation book cs1">Bernard S. Schlessinger; June H. Schlessinger (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0c4PgFznyMC"><i>The Who's who of Nobel Prize Winners, 1901-1995</i></a>. Oryx Press. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89774-899-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89774-899-5"><bdi>978-0-89774-899-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207123022/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0c4PgFznyMC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Who%27s+who+of+Nobel+Prize+Winners%2C+1901-1995&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Oryx+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-89774-899-5&rft.au=Bernard+S.+Schlessinger&rft.au=June+H.+Schlessinger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY0c4PgFznyMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_E._Jessup1998" class="citation book cs1">John E. Jessup (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hP7jJAkTd9MC&pg=PA446"><i>An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 446. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-28112-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-28112-9"><bdi>978-0-313-28112-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207123019/https://books.google.com/books?id=hP7jJAkTd9MC&pg=PA446">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopedic+Dictionary+of+Conflict+and+Conflict+Resolution%2C+1945-1996&rft.pages=446&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-313-28112-9&rft.au=John+E.+Jessup&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhP7jJAkTd9MC%26pg%3DPA446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoger_SperryColwyn_B._Trevarthern1990" class="citation book cs1">Roger Sperry; Colwyn B. Trevarthern (January 26, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NLM9_58fg0QC&pg=PR27"><i>Brain Circuits and Functions of the Mind: Essays in Honor of Roger Wolcott Sperry, Author</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-37874-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-37874-1"><bdi>978-0-521-37874-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207124730/https://books.google.com/books?id=NLM9_58fg0QC&pg=PR27#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brain+Circuits+and+Functions+of+the+Mind%3A+Essays+in+Honor+of+Roger+Wolcott+Sperry%2C+Author&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990-01-26&rft.isbn=978-0-521-37874-1&rft.au=Roger+Sperry&rft.au=Colwyn+B.+Trevarthern&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNLM9_58fg0QC%26pg%3DPR27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98110065/obituaries-mary-ann-deweese/">"Obituaries: Mary Ann DeWeese"</a>. <i>The Manhattan Mercury</i>. July 15, 1993. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Manhattan+Mercury&rft.atitle=Obituaries%3A+Mary+Ann+DeWeese&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1993-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F98110065%2Fobituaries-mary-ann-deweese%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hs.fi/muistot/art-2000002627923.html">"Kai Setälä - Muistot"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Helsingin_Sanomat" title="Helsingin Sanomat">Helsingin Sanomat</a></i> (in Finnish). May 18, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Helsingin+Sanomat&rft.atitle=Kai+Set%C3%A4l%C3%A4+-+Muistot&rft.date=2011-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hs.fi%2Fmuistot%2Fart-2000002627923.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGabroussenko2010" class="citation book cs1">Gabroussenko, Tatiana (2010). <i>Soldiers on the Cultural Front: Developments in the Early History of North Korean Literature and Literary Policy</i>. University of Hawai'i Press. pp. 56, 58, 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3396-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3396-1"><bdi>978-0-8248-3396-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soldiers+on+the+Cultural+Front%3A+Developments+in+the+Early+History+of+North+Korean+Literature+and+Literary+Policy&rft.pages=56%2C+58%2C+85&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%27i+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-3396-1&rft.aulast=Gabroussenko&rft.aufirst=Tatiana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChuku2005" class="citation book cs1">Chuku, Gloria (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3jouPZxPC4C&pg=PA195"><i>Igbo Women and Economic Transformation in Southeastern Nigeria, 1900-1960</i></a>. New York; London: Routledge. p. 195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-97210-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-97210-8"><bdi>0-415-97210-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207124743/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3jouPZxPC4C&pg=PA195#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2021</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Igbo+Women+and+Economic+Transformation+in+Southeastern+Nigeria%2C+1900-1960&rft.place=New+York%3B+London&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-415-97210-8&rft.aulast=Chuku&rft.aufirst=Gloria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ3jouPZxPC4C%26pg%3DPA195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131216103818/http://msn.foxsports.com/tennis/story/ex-tennis-champ-hall-of-fame-gardnar-mulloy-celebrates-100-birthday-davis-cup-billie-jean-king-112213">"Ex-champ Gardnar Mulloy becomes first Hall of Famer to turn 100"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fox_Sports" title="Fox Sports">Fox Sports</a></i>. November 22, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msn.foxsports.com/tennis/story/ex-tennis-champ-hall-of-fame-gardnar-mulloy-celebrates-100-birthday-davis-cup-billie-jean-king-112213">the original</a> on December 16, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+Sports&rft.atitle=Ex-champ+Gardnar+Mulloy+becomes+first+Hall+of+Famer+to+turn+100&rft.date=2013-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsn.foxsports.com%2Ftennis%2Fstory%2Fex-tennis-champ-hall-of-fame-gardnar-mulloy-celebrates-100-birthday-davis-cup-billie-jean-king-112213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFColin_Larkin2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Larkin_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colin Larkin (writer)">Colin Larkin</a>, ed. (2002). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Popular_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia of Popular Music">The Virgin Encyclopedia of Fifties Music</a></i> (Third ed.). <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Books" title="Virgin Books">Virgin Books</a>. pp. 175/6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85227-937-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85227-937-0"><bdi>1-85227-937-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Virgin+Encyclopedia+of+Fifties+Music&rft.pages=175%2F6&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Virgin+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-85227-937-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIM-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PIM_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resolver.pim.hu/auth/PIM70521">"Suba Zsuzsa"</a>. <i>PLM Namespace</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207124650/https://opac-nevter.pim.hu/record/-/record/PIM70521">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PLM+Namespace&rft.atitle=Suba+Zsuzsa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresolver.pim.hu%2Fauth%2FPIM70521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJessup1998" class="citation book cs1">Jessup, John E. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010024655/https://www.questia.com/read/106899354/an-encyclopedic-dictionary-of-conflict-and-conflict"><i>An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945–1996</i></a>. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 89. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/106899354/an-encyclopedic-dictionary-of-conflict-and-conflict">the original</a> on October 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopedic+Dictionary+of+Conflict+and+Conflict+Resolution%2C+1945%E2%80%931996&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Jessup&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Fread%2F106899354%2Fan-encyclopedic-dictionary-of-conflict-and-conflict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchwarz1985" class="citation book cs1">Schwarz, Ted (1985). <i>Arnold Friberg : the passion of a modern master</i>. Flagstaff, Ariz: Northland Press. p. 1911. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780873583466" title="Special:BookSources/9780873583466"><bdi>9780873583466</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arnold+Friberg+%3A+the+passion+of+a+modern+master&rft.place=Flagstaff%2C+Ariz&rft.pages=1911&rft.pub=Northland+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780873583466&rft.aulast=Schwarz&rft.aufirst=Ted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.l/l628333.htm%3Binternal%26action%3D_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en">"Lieben, Robert von"</a>. <i>www.aeiou.at</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220427131336/https://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.l/l628333.htm%3Binternal%26action%3D_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en">Archived</a> from the original on April 27, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aeiou.at&rft.atitle=Lieben%2C+Robert+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aeiou.at%2Faeiou.encyclop.l%2Fl628333.htm%253Binternal%2526action%253D_setlanguage.action%3FLANGUAGE%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/10/11/100651720.pdf">Adolphus Busch dies in Prussia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121011353/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/10/11/100651720.pdf">Archived</a> January 21, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The New York Times</i>. October 11, 1913</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Charles Emmerson. <i>1913: In Search of the World Before the Great War</i> (2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/1913-Search-World-Before-Great/dp/1610392566/">excerpt and text search</a>; covers 20 major world cities</li> <li>Gilbert, Martin. <i>A History of the Twentieth Century: Volume 1 1900-1933</i> (1997); global coverage of politics, diplomacy and warfare; pp 269–96.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFlorian_Illies2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florian_Illies" class="extiw" title="fr:Florian Illies">Florian Illies</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in French]</span> (2013). <i>1913: The Year Before the Storm</i>. Melville House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61219-352-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61219-352-6"><bdi>978-1-61219-352-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1913%3A+The+Year+Before+the+Storm&rft.pub=Melville+House&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-61219-352-6&rft.au=Florian+Illies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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