CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Turaco - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"f81d7169-7523-4e1a-9c42-b95bd8105b64","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Turaco","wgTitle":"Turaco","wgCurRevisionId":1256588583,"wgRevisionId":1256588583,"wgArticleId":211324,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles with 'species' microformats","Pages with listed invalid ISBNs","Webarchive template wayback links","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Musophagidae","Extant Chattian first appearances","Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa","Higher-level bird taxa restricted to the Afrotropics","Taxa named by René Lesson"], "wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Turaco","wgRelevantArticleId":211324,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q213827", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Tauraco_persa_%28captive_-_Birds_of_Eden%29.jpg/1200px-Tauraco_persa_%28captive_-_Birds_of_Eden%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Tauraco_persa_%28captive_-_Birds_of_Eden%29.jpg/800px-Tauraco_persa_%28captive_-_Birds_of_Eden%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Tauraco_persa_%28captive_-_Birds_of_Eden%29.jpg/640px-Tauraco_persa_%28captive_-_Birds_of_Eden%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="960"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Turaco - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turaco"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Turaco&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turaco"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Turaco rootpage-Turaco skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Turaco" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Turaco" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Turaco" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Turaco" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Morphology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morphology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Morphology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morphology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution_and_systematics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution_and_systematics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Evolution and systematics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Evolution_and_systematics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Evolution and systematics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Evolution_and_systematics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phylogeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylogeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Phylogeny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylogeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interaction_with_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interaction_with_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Interaction with humans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interaction_with_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turaco</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musophagidae" title="Musophagidae – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Musophagidae" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2" title="آكلات الموز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آكلات الموز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musophagidae" title="Musophagidae – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Musophagidae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turakolar" title="Turakolar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Turakolar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Туракови – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Туракови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourako" title="Tourako – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tourako" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turacs" title="Turacs – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Turacs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musophagidae" title="Musophagidae – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Musophagidae" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turakov%C3%A9" title="Turakové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turakové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musophagiformes" title="Musophagiformes – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Musophagiformes" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turakoer" title="Turakoer – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Turakoer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turakos" title="Turakos – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Turakos" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashk%CA%BCaan_yildee%C5%82%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD_(ts%C3%ADdii)" title="Hashkʼaan yildeełígíí (tsídii) – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Hashkʼaan yildeełígíí (tsídii)" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musophagidae" title="Musophagidae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Musophagidae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musofagedoj" title="Musofagedoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Musofagedoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turako" title="Turako – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turako" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="موزخوار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موزخوار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musophagidae" title="Musophagidae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Musophagidae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerakof%C3%BBgels" title="Toerakofûgels – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Toerakofûgels" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musof%C3%A1xidos" title="Musofáxidos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Musofáxidos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EC%B1%84%EB%A8%B8%EB%A6%AC%EA%B3%BC" title="부채머리과 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="부채머리과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patuk-pisang" title="Patuk-pisang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Patuk-pisang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dofrar" title="Dofrar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dofrar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musophagidae" title="Musophagidae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Musophagidae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="טוראקיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טוראקיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ტურაკოსებრნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტურაკოსებრნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorobo" title="Shorobo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shorobo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abguz_(Musophagidae)" title="Abguz (Musophagidae) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Abguz (Musophagidae)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80,_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бананчылдар, сейнектер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бананчылдар, сейнектер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Турако – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Турако" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musophagidae" title="Musophagidae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Musophagidae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turakiniai" title="Turakiniai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turakiniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C3%A1k%C3%B3f%C3%A9l%C3%A9k" title="Turákófélék – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Turákófélék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2" title="آكلات الموز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="آكلات الموز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerako%27s" title="Toerako's – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toerako's" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B7%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E7%A7%91" title="エボシドリ科 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エボシドリ科" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turakos" title="Turakos – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Turakos" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turakoer" title="Turakoer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Turakoer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turakoar" title="Turakoar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Turakoar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bananxo%CA%BBrlar" title="Bananxoʻrlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bananxoʻrlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88" title="ٹراکو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹراکو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88" title="ټوراکو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټوراکو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turakowate" title="Turakowate – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Turakowate" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musophagiformes" title="Musophagiformes – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Musophagiformes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musophagidae" title="Musophagidae – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Musophagidae" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Тураковые – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тураковые" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turaco" title="Turaco – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Turaco" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turaco" title="Turaco – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turaco" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turakotvar%C3%A9" title="Turakotvaré – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turakotvaré" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadjejedi" title="Sadjejedi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sadjejedi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turakovi" title="Turakovi – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Turakovi" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turakot" title="Turakot – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turakot" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turakor" title="Turakor – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turakor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musophagidae" title="Musophagidae – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Musophagidae" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B" title="துராகோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துராகோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turako" title="Turako – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Turako" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Туракові – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Туракові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turaco" title="Turaco – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Turaco" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musophagidae" title="Musophagidae – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Musophagidae" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%95%89%E9%B5%91" title="蕉鵑 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蕉鵑" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%95%89%E9%B5%91" title="蕉鵑 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蕉鵑" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q213827#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turaco" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Turaco" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turaco"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turaco&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turaco&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turaco"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turaco&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turaco&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Turaco" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Turaco" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turaco&oldid=1256588583" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turaco&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Turaco&id=1256588583&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTuraco"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTuraco"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Turaco&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turaco&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Musophagidae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Musophagidae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q213827" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Family of birds</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Loerie" redirects here. For the South African town, see <a href="/wiki/Loerie,_Eastern_Cape" class="mw-redirect" title="Loerie, Eastern Cape">Loerie, Eastern Cape</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Turacos and relatives<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene</a>–<a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a>, <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">24–0 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:201.04615384615px; width:18.953846153846px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:211.87692307692px; width:8.1230769230769px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:212.87692307692px; width:6.1230769230769px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span><small>Possible Early <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a> record</small></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tauraco_persa_(captive_-_Birds_of_Eden).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Tauraco_persa_%28captive_-_Birds_of_Eden%29.jpg/220px-Tauraco_persa_%28captive_-_Birds_of_Eden%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Tauraco_persa_%28captive_-_Birds_of_Eden%29.jpg/330px-Tauraco_persa_%28captive_-_Birds_of_Eden%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Tauraco_persa_%28captive_-_Birds_of_Eden%29.jpg/440px-Tauraco_persa_%28captive_-_Birds_of_Eden%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/Guinea_turaco" title="Guinea turaco">Guinea turaco</a> (<i>Tauraco persa</i>) at <a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Eden" title="Birds of Eden">Birds of Eden</a> aviary, South Africa </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Musophagidae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Aves</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Otidimorphae" title="Otidimorphae">Otidimorphae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Musophagiformes</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Henry_Seebohm" title="Henry Seebohm">Seebohm</a>, 1890</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Musophagidae</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lesson" title="René Lesson">Lesson</a>, 1828</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Genera" class="mw-redirect" title="Genera">Genera</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Great_blue_turaco" title="Great blue turaco">Corythaeola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crinifer" title="Crinifer">Crinifer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gallirex" title="Gallirex">Gallirex</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Menelikornis" title="Menelikornis">Menelikornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tauraco" title="Tauraco">Tauraco</a></i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>Apopempsidae <small>Brodkorb, 1971b</small></li> <li>Veflintornithidae <small>Kašin, 1976</small></li> <li>Turaconidae</li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>turacos</b> make up the <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">bird</a> family <b>Musophagidae</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>/</a></span></span> "banana-eaters"), which includes <i><a href="/wiki/Plantain-eater" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantain-eater">plantain-eaters</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Go-away-bird" class="mw-redirect" title="Go-away-bird"> go-away-birds</a></i>. In southern Africa both turacos and go-away-birds are commonly known as <b>loeries</b>. They are <a href="/wiki/Dactyly#Zygodactyly" title="Dactyly">semi-zygodactylous</a>: the fourth (outer) toe can be switched back and forth. The second and third toes, which always point forward, are conjoined in some species. Musophagids often have prominent <a href="/wiki/Crest_(feathers)" title="Crest (feathers)">crests</a> and long tails; the turacos are noted for peculiar and unique <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigments</a> giving them their bright green and red feathers. </p><p>Traditionally, this group has been allied with the <a href="/wiki/Cuckoo" title="Cuckoo">cuckoos</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">order</a> <a href="/wiki/Cuculiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuculiformes">Cuculiformes</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Sibley-Ahlquist_taxonomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy">Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy</a> raises this group to a full order <b>Musophagiformes</b>. They have been proposed to <a href="/wiki/Transitional_fossil#Missing_links" title="Transitional fossil">link</a> the <a href="/wiki/Hoatzin" title="Hoatzin">hoatzin</a> to the other living birds,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this was later disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent genetic analyses have strongly supported the order ranking of Musophagiformes.<sup id="cite_ref-Ericson_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ericson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hackett_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hackett-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jarvis2014_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarvis2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Musophagidae is one of very few bird families endemic to Africa,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one other being the <a href="/wiki/Mousebird" title="Mousebird">mousebirds</a>, Colliidae. All species are <a href="/wiki/Frugivore" title="Frugivore">frugivorous</a>, but they also eat leaves, buds, and flowers. <a href="/wiki/Common_fig" class="mw-redirect" title="Common fig">Figs</a> are an important part of their diet. They have rounded wings and long tails and strong legs, making them poor fliers, but good runners.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Turacos are medium-sized arboreal birds <a href="/wiki/Endemic_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic (ecology)">endemic</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan Africa</a>, where they live in <a href="/wiki/Forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Forests">forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodland" title="Woodland">woodland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Savanna" title="Savanna">savanna</a>. Turacos can occasionally be found outside of their native range as escapes from captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They are <a href="/wiki/Gregarious" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregarious">gregarious</a>, non-migratory birds which move in family groups of up to 10. Many species are noisy, with the go-away-birds being especially noted for their piercing <a href="/wiki/Alarm_call" class="mw-redirect" title="Alarm call">alarm calls</a>, which alert other <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a> to the presence of <a href="/wiki/Predator" class="mw-redirect" title="Predator">predators</a>; their common name is <a href="/wiki/Onomatopoeia" title="Onomatopoeia">onomatopoeia</a> of this. Musophagids build large stick nests in trees, and lay 2 or 3 eggs. The young are born with thick down and open, or nearly-open, eyes.<sup id="cite_ref-EoB_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morphology">Morphology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turaco&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corythaixoides_leucogaster1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Corythaixoides_leucogaster1.jpg/220px-Corythaixoides_leucogaster1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Corythaixoides_leucogaster1.jpg/330px-Corythaixoides_leucogaster1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Corythaixoides_leucogaster1.jpg/440px-Corythaixoides_leucogaster1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2173" data-file-height="1427" /></a><figcaption>Female <a href="/wiki/White-bellied_go-away-bird" title="White-bellied go-away-bird">white-bellied go-away-bird</a>, <i>Crinifer leucogaster</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Most turacos are medium-sized birds – an exception being the large <a href="/wiki/Great_blue_turaco" title="Great blue turaco">great blue turaco</a> – with long tails and short, rounded wings. They range in length from 40 to 75 cm (16–30 in). Their flight is weak, but they are strong climbers and are able to move nimbly on branches and through vegetation. Juveniles have claws on the wings that help them climb.<sup id="cite_ref-Parallel_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parallel-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have a unique foot arrangement, where the fourth toe can be brought around to the back of the foot where it almost touches the first toe, or brought around so that it is near the second and third. In spite of this flexibility the toe is actually usually held at right angles to the axis of the foot.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plumage of go-away-birds and plantain-eaters is mainly grey and white. The turacos on the other hand are brightly coloured birds, usually blue, green or purple. The green colour in turacos comes from <a href="/wiki/Turacoverdin" title="Turacoverdin">turacoverdin</a>, the only true green pigment in birds known to date. Other "greens" in bird colors result from a yellow pigment such as some <a href="/wiki/Carotenoid" title="Carotenoid">carotenoid</a>, combined with the prismatic physical structure of the feather itself which scatters the light in a particular way and giving a blue colour. </p><p>Turaco wings contain the red pigment <a href="/wiki/Turacin" title="Turacin">turacin</a>, unlike in other birds where red colour is due to carotenoids. Both pigments are derived from <a href="/wiki/Porphyrin" title="Porphyrin">porphyrins</a> and only known from the Musophagidae into the 21st century, but especially the little-researched turacoverdin might have relatives in other birds. The incidence of turacoverdin in relation to habitat is of interest to scientists, being present in forest species but absent in savanna- and acacia-living species.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Little is known about the longevity of wild turacos, but in captivity they are proving to be exceptionally long-lived, easily living to 30 years in captivity. A bird in the <a href="/wiki/Cotswold_Wildlife_Park" title="Cotswold Wildlife Park">Cotswold Wildlife Park</a> collection in England approached its 37th year.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution_and_systematics">Evolution and systematics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turaco&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Evolution and systematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossil</a> genus <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veflintornis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veflintornis (page does not exist)">Veflintornis</a></i> is known from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Miocene" title="Middle Miocene">Middle Miocene</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grive-Saint-Alban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grive-Saint-Alban (page does not exist)">Grive-Saint-Alban</a> (<a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>). It was established as <i>Apopempsis</i> by <a href="/wiki/Pierce_Brodkorb" title="Pierce Brodkorb">Pierce Brodkorb</a> in 1971, but this is pre-empted by Schenkling's 1903 use of the name for some <a href="/wiki/Beetle" title="Beetle">beetles</a>. <i>"Apopempsis" africanus</i> (Early Miocene of Kenya) might also belong there.<sup id="cite_ref-Mlíkovský2002_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mlíkovský2002-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further fossil material of putative musophagids was found in Egypt as well as in <a href="/wiki/Late_Oligocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Oligocene">Late Oligocene</a> deposits at <a href="/wiki/Gaimersheim" title="Gaimersheim">Gaimersheim</a> in Germany and Middle Miocene deposits at <a href="/wiki/La_Grive-Saint-Alban" title="La Grive-Saint-Alban">Grive-Saint-Alban</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieux-Collonges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vieux-Collonges (page does not exist)">Vieux-Collonges</a> (each in France).<sup id="cite_ref-Mlíkovský2002_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mlíkovský2002-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While it is not entirely certain that these fossils are indeed of turacos, it nonetheless appears as if the family <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolved</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene</a> of central Europe or perhaps northern Africa, and later on shifted its distribution southwards. The climate of those European regions during the late <a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Paleogene</a> was not too dissimilar to that of (sub)tropical Africa today; the Saharan desert was not yet present and the distance across the Mediterranean was not much more than what it is today. Thus such a move south may well have been a very slow and gradual shifting of a large and continuous range. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corythaeola_cristata.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Corythaeola_cristata.jpg/220px-Corythaeola_cristata.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Corythaeola_cristata.jpg/330px-Corythaeola_cristata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Corythaeola_cristata.jpg/440px-Corythaeola_cristata.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Great_blue_turaco" title="Great blue turaco">Great blue turaco</a><br /><i>Corythaeola cristata</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Early_Eocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Eocene">Early Eocene</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Promusophaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Promusophaga">Promusophaga</a></i> was initially believed to be the oldest record of the turacos; it was eventually reconsidered a distant relative of the ostrich and is now in the <a href="/wiki/Ratite" title="Ratite">ratite</a> family <a href="/wiki/Lithornithidae" title="Lithornithidae">Lithornithidae</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filholornis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filholornis (page does not exist)">Filholornis</a></i> from the Late Eocene or Early Oligocene of France is occasionally considered a musophagid, but its relationships have always been disputed. It is not often considered a turaco in more recent times and has been <a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">synonymised</a> with the presumed <a href="/wiki/Gruiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Gruiform">gruiform</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talantatos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talantatos (page does not exist)">Talantatos</a></i>, though it is not certain whether this will become widely accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-Mlíkovský2002_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mlíkovský2002-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The phylogenetic analysis conducted by Field & Hsiang (2018) indicated that <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wasatchian" title="Wasatchian">Wasatchian</a>) species <i><a href="/wiki/Foro_(bird)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foro (bird)">Foro panarium</a></i> known from the Fossil Butte Member of the <a href="/wiki/Green_River_Formation" title="Green River Formation">Green River Formation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Crown_group#Stem_groups" title="Crown group">stem</a>-turaco.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turaco&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Phylogeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IOC World Bird List (version 10.1) recognises 23 species of turaco in six genera.<sup id="cite_ref-IOC_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a phylogenetic analysis by Perktaş et al (2020) found genus <i>Tauraco</i> polyphyletic and a revised classification has been proposed based on molecular, morphological and biogeographic analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-Perktas-2020_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perktas-2020-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This study recognised 33 species-level taxa in seven genera corresponding to the major clades. The following phylogenetic tree is based on this proposal and uses their proposed genus and species names.<sup id="cite_ref-Perktas-2020_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perktas-2020-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:95%;line-height:95%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Corythaeolinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Corythaeolinae">Corythaeolinae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Corythaeola cristata</i> (<a href="/wiki/Great_blue_turaco" title="Great blue turaco">great blue turaco</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criniferinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criniferinae (page does not exist)">Criniferinae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Crinifer leucogaster</i> (<a href="/wiki/White-bellied_go-away-bird" title="White-bellied go-away-bird">white-bellied go-away-bird</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Crinifer" title="Crinifer">Crinifer</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Crinifer piscator</i> (<a href="/wiki/Western_plantain-eater" title="Western plantain-eater">western plantain-eater</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Crinifer zonurus</i> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_plantain-eater" title="Eastern plantain-eater">eastern plantain-eater</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">sensu stricto </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Crinifer personatus</i> (<a href="/wiki/Bare-faced_go-away-bird" title="Bare-faced go-away-bird">bare-faced go-away-bird</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Crinifer concolor</i> (<a href="/wiki/Gray_go-away-bird" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray go-away-bird">gray go-away-bird</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">(<i><a href="/wiki/Crinifer" title="Crinifer">Crinifer</a></i> <i>sensu lato</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-Crinifer_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crinifer-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musophaginae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musophaginae (page does not exist)">Musophaginae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><i><a href="/wiki/Gallirex" title="Gallirex">Gallirex</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Gallirex_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gallirex-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Gallirex porphyreolophus</i> (southern <a href="/wiki/Purple-crested_turaco" title="Purple-crested turaco">purple-crested turaco</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Gallirex chlorochlamys</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_purple-crested_turaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern purple-crested turaco (page does not exist)">northern purple-crested turaco</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-newspecies_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newspecies-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Gallirex kivuensis</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kivu_turaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kivu turaco (page does not exist)">Kivu turaco</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-newspecies_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newspecies-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Gallirex johnstoni</i> (<a href="/wiki/Rwenzori_turaco" title="Rwenzori turaco">Rwenzori turaco</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><i><a href="/wiki/Menelikornis" title="Menelikornis">Menelikornis</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Menelikornis_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menelikornis-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Menelikornis ruspolii</i> (<a href="/wiki/Prince_Ruspoli%27s_turaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Ruspoli's turaco">Prince Ruspoli's turaco</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Menelikornis leucotis</i> (<a href="/wiki/White-cheeked_turaco" title="White-cheeked turaco">white-cheeked turaco</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Menelikornis donaldsoni</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donaldson%27s_turaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donaldson's turaco (page does not exist)">Donaldson's turaco</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-newspecies_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newspecies-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><i><a href="/wiki/Musophaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Musophaga">Musophaga</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Musophaga macrorhynchus</i> (western <a href="/wiki/Yellow-billed_turaco" title="Yellow-billed turaco">yellow-billed turaco</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Musophaga verreauxii</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_yellow-billed_turaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern yellow-billed turaco (page does not exist)">eastern yellow-billed turaco</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-newspecies_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newspecies-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Musophaga violacea</i> (<a href="/wiki/Violet_turaco" title="Violet turaco">violet turaco</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Musophaga rossae</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ross%27s_turaco" title="Ross's turaco">Ross's turaco</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Tauraco" title="Tauraco">Tauraco</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proturacus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proturacus (page does not exist)">Proturacus</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Proturacus_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Proturacus-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Proturacus bannermani</i> (<a href="/wiki/Bannerman%27s_turaco" title="Bannerman's turaco">Bannerman's turaco</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Proturacus erythrolophus</i> (<a href="/wiki/Red-crested_turaco" title="Red-crested turaco">red-crested turaco</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Proturacus leucolophus</i> (<a href="/wiki/White-crested_turaco" title="White-crested turaco">white-crested turaco</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Tauraco" title="Tauraco">Tauraco</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Tauraco emini</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_black-billed_turaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern black-billed turaco (page does not exist)">eastern black-billed turaco</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-emini_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emini-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Tauraco hartlaubi</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hartlaub%27s_turaco" title="Hartlaub's turaco">Hartlaub's turaco</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Tauraco persa</i> (<a href="/wiki/Guinea_turaco" title="Guinea turaco">Guinea turaco</a> or eastern green turaco) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Tauraco buffoni</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_green_turaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western green turaco (page does not exist)">western green turaco</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-newspecies_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newspecies-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Tauraco fischeri</i> (<a href="/wiki/Fischer%27s_turaco" title="Fischer's turaco">Fischer's turaco</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Tauraco reichenowi</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichenow%27s_turaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichenow's turaco (page does not exist)">Reichenow's turaco</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-reichenowi_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reichenowi-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Tauraco corythaix</i> (<a href="/wiki/Knysna_turaco" title="Knysna turaco">Knysna turaco</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Tauraco livingstonii</i> (<a href="/wiki/Livingstone%27s_turaco" title="Livingstone's turaco">Livingstone's turaco</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Tauraco schuettii</i> (<a href="/wiki/Black-billed_turaco" title="Black-billed turaco">black-billed turaco</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Tauraco chalcolophus</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngorongoro_turaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngorongoro turaco (page does not exist)">Ngorongoro turaco</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-schalowi_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schalowi-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Tauraco schalowi</i> (<a href="/wiki/Schalow%27s_turaco" title="Schalow's turaco">Schalow's turaco</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Tauraco marungensis</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zambia_turaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zambia turaco (page does not exist)">Zambia turaco</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-schalowi_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schalowi-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Tauraco loitanus</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Loita_turaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loita turaco (page does not exist)">Loita turaco</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-schalowi_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schalowi-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"><i>sensu stricto</i> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"><i>sensu lato</i> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b>Notes:</b><sup id="cite_ref-Perktas-2020_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perktas-2020-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Crinifer-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crinifer_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Broader definition of <i>Crinifer</i> proposed, because <i>Corythaixoides leucogaster</i> is recovered with the <i>Crinifer</i> species rather than the other <i>Corythaixoides</i> species </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newspecies-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newspecies_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newspecies_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newspecies_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newspecies_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newspecies_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Proposed species split based on phylogenetic species principle.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-emini-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-emini_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elevation of former subspecies to new species proposed because <i>Tauraco schuettii</i> was found to be polyphyletic. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reichenowi-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reichenowi_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elevation of former subspecies to new species proposed because <i>Tauraco livingstonii</i> was found to be polyphyletic. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schalowi-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schalowi_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schalowi_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schalowi_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Proposed species split of <i>Tauraco schalowi</i> complex into four species based on phylogenetic species principle.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Proturacus-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Proturacus_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Proposed recognition of genus <i>Proturacus</i> for a clade of <i>Tauraco bannermani</i>, <i>Tauraco erythrolophus</i> and <i>Tauraco leucolophus</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Menelikornis-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Menelikornis_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Proposed genus for clade of former <i>Taurico</i> species</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gallirex-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gallirex_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Proposed genus for clade of former <i>Taurico</i> and <i>Ruwenzorornis</i> species</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Species">Species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turaco&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The species of Musophagidae, arranged in taxonomic sequence and Paleofile.com websites are:<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Order Musophagiformes</b> <small>Seebohm 1890</small> </p> <ul><li>Genus †<i><a href="/wiki/Foro_(bird)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foro (bird)">Foro</a></i> <small>Olson, 1992</small>? <ul><li>†<i>F. panarium</i> <small>Olson, 1992</small></li></ul></li> <li><b>Family Musophagidae</b> <small>Lesson 1828</small> [Apopempsidae <small>Brodkorb, 1971b</small>; Veflintornithidae <small>Kašin, 1976</small>] <ul><li>Genus †<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veflintornis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veflintornis (page does not exist)">Veflintornis</a></i> <small>Kašin 1976</small> [<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apopempsis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apopempsis (page does not exist)">Apopempsis</a></i> <small>Brodkorb 1971 non Schenkling 1903</small>] <ul><li>†<i>V. meini</i> <small>(Ballmann 1969) Kašin 1976</small> [<i>Musophaga meini</i> <small>Ballmann 1969</small>; <i>Apopempsis meini</i> <small>(Ballmann 1969) Brodkorb 1971</small>]</li> <li>†<i>V. africanus</i> <small>(Harrison 1980)</small> [<i>Musophaga africanus</i> <small>Harrison 1980</small>; <i>Apopempsis africanus</i> <small>(Harrison 1980)</small>]</li></ul></li> <li>Subfamily Corythaeolinae <ul><li>Genus <i>Corythaeola</i> <small>Heine 1860</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_blue_turaco" title="Great blue turaco">Great blue turaco</a>, <i>Corythaeola cristata</i> <small>(Vieillot 1816) Heine 1860</small></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Subfamily Criniferinae <ul><li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Crinifer" title="Crinifer">Crinifer</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_plantain-eater" title="Western plantain-eater">Western plantain-eater</a>, <i>Crinifer piscator</i> <small>(Boddaert 1783)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_plantain-eater" title="Eastern plantain-eater">Eastern plantain-eater</a>, <i>Crinifer zonurus</i> <small>(Rüppell 1835)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-bellied_go-away-bird" title="White-bellied go-away-bird">White-bellied go-away-bird</a>, <i>Crinifer leucogaster</i> <small>(Rüppell 1842) Roberts 1926</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_go-away-bird" title="Grey go-away-bird">Grey go-away-bird</a>, <i>Crinifer concolor</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bare-faced_go-away-bird" title="Bare-faced go-away-bird">Bare-faced go-away-bird</a>, <i>Crinifer personatus</i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Subfamily Musophaginae <ul><li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Gallirex" title="Gallirex">Gallirex</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purple-crested_turaco" title="Purple-crested turaco">Purple-crested turaco</a>, <i>Gallirex porphyreolophus</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwenzori_turaco" title="Rwenzori turaco">Rwenzori turaco</a>, <i>Gallirex johnstoni</i></li></ul></li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Menelikornis" title="Menelikornis">Menelikornis</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-cheeked_turaco" title="White-cheeked turaco">White-cheeked turaco</a>, <i>Menelikornis leucotis</i> <small>(Rüppell 1835)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruspoli%27s_turaco" title="Ruspoli's turaco">Ruspoli's turaco</a>, <i>Menelikornis ruspolii</i> <small>Salvadori 1896</small></li></ul></li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Tauraco" title="Tauraco">Tauraco</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bannerman%27s_turaco" title="Bannerman's turaco">Bannerman's turaco</a>, <i>Tauraco bannermani</i> <small>(Bates 1923)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-crested_turaco" title="White-crested turaco">White-crested turaco</a>, <i>Tauraco leucolophus</i> <small>(Heuglin 1855)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-crested_turaco" title="Red-crested turaco">Red-crested turaco</a>, <i>Tauraco erythrolophus</i> <small>(Vieillot 1819)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_turaco" title="Guinea turaco">Guinea turaco</a>, <i>Tauraco persa</i> <small>(Linnaeus 1758)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knysna_turaco" title="Knysna turaco">Knysna turaco</a>, <i>Tauraco corythaix</i> <small>(Wagler 1827)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingstone%27s_turaco" title="Livingstone's turaco">Livingstone's turaco</a>, <i>Tauraco livingstonii</i> <small>Gray 1864</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fischer%27s_turaco" title="Fischer's turaco">Fischer's turaco</a>, <i>Tauraco fischeri</i> <small>(Reichenow 1878)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-billed_turaco" title="Black-billed turaco">Black-billed turaco</a>, <i>Tauraco schuettii</i> <small>(Cabanis 1879)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schalow%27s_turaco" title="Schalow's turaco">Schalow's turaco</a>, <i>Tauraco schalowi</i> <small>(Reichenow 1891)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartlaub%27s_turaco" title="Hartlaub's turaco">Hartlaub's turaco</a>, <i>Tauraco hartlaubi</i> <small>(Fischer & Reichenow 1884)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-billed_turaco" title="Yellow-billed turaco">Yellow-billed turaco</a>, <i>Tauraco macrorhynchus</i> <small>(Fraser 1839)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violet_turaco" title="Violet turaco">Violet turaco</a>, <i>Tauraco violaceus</i> <small>Isert 1788</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross%27s_turaco" title="Ross's turaco">Ross's turaco</a>, <i>Tauraco rossae</i> <small>Gould 1852</small></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interaction_with_humans">Interaction with humans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turaco&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Interaction with humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The crimson flight feathers of turacos have been treasured as status symbols to royalty and <a href="/wiki/Paramount_chief" title="Paramount chief">paramount chiefs</a> all over Africa. They are recorded as being valued by the Swazi and Zulu royal families.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British ornithologist <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Walter_Benson" title="Constantine Walter Benson">Constantine Walter Benson</a>, who collected heavily in Africa, is alleged to have tasted every species he collected; he claimed that turacos tasted the best.<sup id="cite_ref-Brewer105_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brewer105-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turaco&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes & Baker (1999)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sorenson <i>et al.</i> (2003)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ericson-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ericson_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEricson2006" class="citation journal cs1">Ericson, P.G.P.; et al. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307225744/http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/Ericson_et_al_2006.pdf">"Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biology_Letters" title="Biology Letters">Biology Letters</a></i>. <b>2</b> (4): 543–547. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbl.2006.0523">10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1834003">1834003</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17148284">17148284</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/Ericson_et_al_2006.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2008-03-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+Letters&rft.atitle=Diversification+of+Neoaves%3A+integration+of+molecular+sequence+data+and+fossils&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=543-547&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1834003%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17148284&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbl.2006.0523&rft.aulast=Ericson&rft.aufirst=P.G.P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiology-web.nmsu.edu%2Fhoude%2FEricson_et_al_2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hackett-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hackett_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackett2008" class="citation journal cs1">Hackett, S.J.; et al. (2008). "A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History". <i>Science</i>. <b>320</b> (5884): 1763–1768. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Sci...320.1763H">2008Sci...320.1763H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1157704">10.1126/science.1157704</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18583609">18583609</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6472805">6472805</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=A+Phylogenomic+Study+of+Birds+Reveals+Their+Evolutionary+History&rft.volume=320&rft.issue=5884&rft.pages=1763-1768&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1157704&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6472805%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18583609&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008Sci...320.1763H&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=S.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarvis2014-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jarvis2014_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarvis2014" class="citation journal cs1">Jarvis, E.D.; et al. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405904">"Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>346</b> (6215): 1320–1331. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Sci...346.1320J">2014Sci...346.1320J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1253451">10.1126/science.1253451</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405904">4405904</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25504713">25504713</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Whole-genome+analyses+resolve+early+branches+in+the+tree+of+life+of+modern+birds&rft.volume=346&rft.issue=6215&rft.pages=1320-1331&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4405904%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25504713&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1253451&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014Sci...346.1320J&rft.aulast=Jarvis&rft.aufirst=E.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4405904&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolzman,_Barbara_A.2008" class="citation book cs1">Holzman, Barbara A. (2008). <i>Tropical forest biomes</i>. Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33840-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33840-3"><bdi>978-0-313-33840-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/470649845">470649845</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tropical+forest+biomes&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F470649845&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33840-3&rft.au=Holzman%2C+Barbara+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turacos.org/lostandfound.html">"Lost and Found"</a>. <i>www.turacos.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.turacos.org&rft.atitle=Lost+and+Found&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turacos.org%2Flostandfound.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EoB-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EoB_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarchant,_S.1991" class="citation book cs1">Marchant, S. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds</i>. London: Merehurst Press. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85391-186-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85391-186-6"><bdi>978-1-85391-186-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Animals%3A+Birds&rft.place=London&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Merehurst+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1-85391-186-6&rft.au=Marchant%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parallel-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Parallel_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFain,_Matthew_G.Houde,_Peter2004" class="citation journal cs1">Fain, Matthew G. & Houde, Peter (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170709030601/http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/~houde/Parallel_radiations.pdf">"Parallel radiations in the primary clades of birds"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Evolution_(journal)" title="Evolution (journal)">Evolution</a></i>. <b>58</b> (11): 2558–2573. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1554%2F04-235">10.1554/04-235</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15612298">15612298</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1296408">1296408</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/~houde/Parallel_radiations.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2017-07-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolution&rft.atitle=Parallel+radiations+in+the+primary+clades+of+birds&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=2558-2573&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1296408%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15612298&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1554%2F04-235&rft.au=Fain%2C+Matthew+G.&rft.au=Houde%2C+Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiology-web.nmsu.edu%2F~houde%2FParallel_radiations.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110105004600/http://rosamondgiffordzoo.org/assets/uploads/animals/pdf/ViolaceousTouraco.pdf">"Violaceous Touraco"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. rosamondgiffordzoo.org. 2010-03-01. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rosamondgiffordzoo.org/assets/uploads/animals/pdf/ViolaceousTouraco.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-01-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Violaceous+Touraco&rft.pub=rosamondgiffordzoo.org&rft.date=2010-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frosamondgiffordzoo.org%2Fassets%2Fuploads%2Fanimals%2Fpdf%2FViolaceousTouraco.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aviansag.org/Husbandry/Unlocked/Care_Manuals/Turaco_TAG_husman.pdf">"TURACO TAG HUSBANDRY MANUAL"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. aviansag.org. 1998-08-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TURACO+TAG+HUSBANDRY+MANUAL&rft.pub=aviansag.org&rft.date=1998-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faviansag.org%2FHusbandry%2FUnlocked%2FCare_Manuals%2FTuraco_TAG_husman.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HBW-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner1997" class="citation cs2">Turner, Donald (1997), "Family Musophagidae (Turacos)", in del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (eds.), <a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_the_Birds_of_the_World" title="Handbook of the Birds of the World"><i>Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 4, Sandgrouse to Cuckoos</i></a>, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0001unse/page/480">480–508</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-87334-22-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-87334-22-1"><bdi>978-84-87334-22-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Family+Musophagidae+%28Turacos%29&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+Birds+of+the+World.+Volume+4%2C+Sandgrouse+to+Cuckoos&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pages=480-508&rft.pub=Lynx+Edicions&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-84-87334-22-1&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Originally from Nigel Hewston, discussed at the ITS AGM in spring 2012 (at the same venue)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mlíkovský2002-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mlíkovský2002_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mlíkovský2002_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mlíkovský2002_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mlíkovský (2002)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"TT 149", a <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Proximal_and_distal" title="Anatomical terms of location">proximal</a> left and a <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Proximal_and_distal" title="Anatomical terms of location">distal</a> right <a href="/wiki/Tibiotarsus" title="Tibiotarsus">tibiotarsus</a> of a bird similar in size to living <i><a href="/wiki/Tauraco" title="Tauraco">Tauraco</a></i>: Ballmann (1969)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_J._FieldAllison_Y._Hsiang2018" class="citation journal cs1">Daniel J. Field; Allison Y. Hsiang (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6016133">"A North American stem turaco, and the complex biogeographic history of modern birds"</a>. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. <b>18</b> (1): 102. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018BMCEE..18..102F">2018BMCEE..18..102F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12862-018-1212-3">10.1186/s12862-018-1212-3</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6016133">6016133</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29936914">29936914</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.atitle=A+North+American+stem+turaco%2C+and+the+complex+biogeographic+history+of+modern+birds&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=102&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6016133%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29936914&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs12862-018-1212-3&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018BMCEE..18..102F&rft.au=Daniel+J.+Field&rft.au=Allison+Y.+Hsiang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6016133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IOC-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IOC_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillDonskerRasmussen" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gill_(ornithologist)" title="Frank Gill (ornithologist)">Gill, F.</a>; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldbirdnames.org/Family/Musophagidae">"Family Musophagidae"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IOC_World_Bird_List" class="mw-redirect" title="IOC World Bird List">IOC World Bird List</a></i>. 10.1. International Ornithological Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IOC+World+Bird+List&rft.atitle=Family+Musophagidae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbirdnames.org%2FFamily%2FMusophagidae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perktas-2020-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perktas-2020_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perktas-2020_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perktas-2020_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerktaşGrothBarrowclough2020" class="citation journal cs1">Perktaş, Utku; Groth, Jeff G.; Barrowclough, George F. (April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioone.org/journals/American-Museum-Novitates/volume-2020/issue-3949/3949.1/Phylogeography-Species-Limits-Phylogeny-and-Classification-of-the-Turacos-Aves/10.1206/3949.1.full">"Phylogeography, Species Limits, Phylogeny, and Classification of the Turacos (Aves: Musophagidae) Based on Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Sequences"</a>. <i>American Museum Novitates</i> (3949): 1–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1206%2F3949.1">10.1206/3949.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0082">0003-0082</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214763342">214763342</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Museum+Novitates&rft.atitle=Phylogeography%2C+Species+Limits%2C+Phylogeny%2C+and+Classification+of+the+Turacos+%28Aves%3A+Musophagidae%29+Based+on+Mitochondrial+and+Nuclear+DNA+Sequences&rft.issue=3949&rft.pages=1-61&rft.date=2020-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A214763342%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0003-0082&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1206%2F3949.1&rft.aulast=Perkta%C5%9F&rft.aufirst=Utku&rft.au=Groth%2C+Jeff+G.&rft.au=Barrowclough%2C+George+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbioone.org%2Fjournals%2FAmerican-Museum-Novitates%2Fvolume-2020%2Fissue-3949%2F3949.1%2FPhylogeography-Species-Limits-Phylogeny-and-Classification-of-the-Turacos-Aves%2F10.1206%2F3949.1.full&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paleofile.com/">"Taxonomic lists- Aves"</a>. <i>Paleofile.com (net, info)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Paleofile.com+%28net%2C+info%29&rft.atitle=Taxonomic+lists-+Aves&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paleofile.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÇınar2015" class="citation web cs1">Çınar, Ümüt (November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220114407/http://kmoksy.com/zobot/birds_English_5.html">"05 → Oᴛɪᴅᴀᴇ: Mᴜsᴏᴘʜᴀɢɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Oᴛɪᴅɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Cᴜᴄᴜʟɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Cᴀᴘʀɪᴍᴜʟɢɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Sᴛᴇᴀᴛᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Nʏᴄᴛɪʙɪɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Pᴏᴅᴀʀɢɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Aᴘᴏᴅɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs"</a>. <i>www.kmoksy.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kmoksy.com/zobot/birds_English_5.html">the original</a> on 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kmoksy.com&rft.atitle=05+%E2%86%92+O%E1%B4%9B%C9%AA%E1%B4%85%E1%B4%80%E1%B4%87%3A+M%E1%B4%9Cs%E1%B4%8F%E1%B4%98%CA%9C%E1%B4%80%C9%A2%C9%AAf%E1%B4%8F%CA%80%E1%B4%8D%E1%B4%87s%2C+O%E1%B4%9B%C9%AA%E1%B4%85%C9%AAf%E1%B4%8F%CA%80%E1%B4%8D%E1%B4%87s%2C+C%E1%B4%9C%E1%B4%84%E1%B4%9C%CA%9F%C9%AAf%E1%B4%8F%CA%80%E1%B4%8D%E1%B4%87s%2C+C%E1%B4%80%E1%B4%98%CA%80%C9%AA%E1%B4%8D%E1%B4%9C%CA%9F%C9%A2%C9%AAf%E1%B4%8F%CA%80%E1%B4%8D%E1%B4%87s%2C+S%E1%B4%9B%E1%B4%87%E1%B4%80%E1%B4%9B%E1%B4%8F%CA%80%C9%B4%C9%AA%E1%B4%9B%CA%9C%C9%AAf%E1%B4%8F%CA%80%E1%B4%8D%E1%B4%87s%2C+N%CA%8F%E1%B4%84%E1%B4%9B%C9%AA%CA%99%C9%AA%C9%AAf%E1%B4%8F%CA%80%E1%B4%8D%E1%B4%87s%2C+P%E1%B4%8F%E1%B4%85%E1%B4%80%CA%80%C9%A2%C9%AAf%E1%B4%8F%CA%80%E1%B4%8D%E1%B4%87s%2C+A%E1%B4%98%E1%B4%8F%E1%B4%85%C9%AAf%E1%B4%8F%CA%80%E1%B4%8D%E1%B4%87s&rft.date=2015-11&rft.aulast=%C3%87%C4%B1nar&rft.aufirst=%C3%9Cm%C3%BCt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkmoksy.com%2Fzobot%2Fbirds_English_5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>ITS Magazine</i>, autumn 2003 (20), www.turacos.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brewer105-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brewer105_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewer2018" class="citation book cs1">Brewer, David (2018). <i>Birds New to Science: Fifty Years of Avian Discoveries</i>. London: Christopher Helm. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4729-0628-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4729-0628-1"><bdi>978-1-4729-0628-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Birds+New+to+Science%3A+Fifty+Years+of+Avian+Discoveries&rft.place=London&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Christopher+Helm&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4729-0628-1&rft.aulast=Brewer&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turaco&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: General and cited references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallmann1969" class="citation journal cs1">Ballmann, Peter (1969). "Les Oiseaux miocènes de la Grive-Saint-Alban (Isère) [The Miocene birds of Grive-Saint-Alban, Isère]". <i><a href="/wiki/Geobios" title="Geobios">Geobios</a></i>. <b>2</b>: 157–204. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0016-6995%2869%2980005-7">10.1016/S0016-6995(69)80005-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geobios&rft.atitle=Les+Oiseaux+mioc%C3%A8nes+de+la+Grive-Saint-Alban+%28Is%C3%A8re%29+%5BThe+Miocene+birds+of+Grive-Saint-Alban%2C+Is%C3%A8re%5D&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=157-204&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0016-6995%2869%2980005-7&rft.aulast=Ballmann&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span> (French with English abstract)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughesBaker1999" class="citation journal cs1">Hughes, Janice M.; Baker, Allan J. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/16/9/1300.pdf">"Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic hoatzin (<i>Opisthocomus hoazin</i>) resolved using mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>. <b>16</b> (9): 1300–1307. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.molbev.a026220">10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026220</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10486983">10486983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+relationships+of+the+enigmatic+hoatzin+%28Opisthocomus+hoazin%29+resolved+using+mitochondrial+and+nuclear+gene+sequences&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1300-1307&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.molbev.a026220&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10486983&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Janice+M.&rft.au=Baker%2C+Allan+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmbe.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F16%2F9%2F1300.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>International Turaco Society (Magazines 1993–2012), also website 2001, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turacos.org/">turacos.org</a></li> <li>Mlíkovský, Jirí (2002): <i>Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe</i>. Ninox Press, Prague. <small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/80-901105-3-8" title="Special:BookSources/80-901105-3-8">80-901105-3-8</a></small> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nm.cz/download/JML-18-2002-CBE.pdf">PDF fulltext</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110520101755/http://www.nm.cz/download/JML-18-2002-CBE.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-05-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewton1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Newton" title="Alfred Newton">Newton, Alfred</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Touracou"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Touracou">"Touracou" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 102.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Touracou&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=102&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span> This is based on a now outdated classification, but does provide a detailed description of the morphology of some species.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorensonOnealGarcía-MorenoMindell2003" class="citation journal cs1">Sorenson, Michael D.; Oneal, Elen; García-Moreno, Jaime; Mindell, David P. (2003). "More Taxa, More Characters: The Hoatzin Problem Is Still Unresolved". <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>. <b>20</b> (9): 1484–1499. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsg157">10.1093/molbev/msg157</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12777516">12777516</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24173060">24173060</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=More+Taxa%2C+More+Characters%3A+The+Hoatzin+Problem+Is+Still+Unresolved&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1484-1499&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24173060%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12777516&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsg157&rft.aulast=Sorenson&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft.au=Oneal%2C+Elen&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa-Moreno%2C+Jaime&rft.au=Mindell%2C+David+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuraco" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/20/9/1484/DC1">Supplementary Material</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turaco&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Musophagidae" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Musophagidae">Musophagidae</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.touracos.org">International Touraco Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/turacos-musophagidae">Turaco videos</a> on the Internet Bird Collection</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turacos_(family:_Musophagidae)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turacos" title="Template:Turacos"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turacos" title="Template talk:Turacos"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turacos" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turacos"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Turacos_(family:_Musophagidae)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turacos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a>: Musophagidae)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">Genus</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#eef;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Tauraco" title="Tauraco">Tauraco</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_turaco" title="Guinea turaco">Guinea turaco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zenker%27s_Turaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Zenker's Turaco">Zenker's Turaco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingstone%27s_turaco" title="Livingstone's turaco">Livingstone's turaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schalow%27s_turaco" title="Schalow's turaco">Schalow's turaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knysna_turaco" title="Knysna turaco">Knysna turaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-billed_turaco" title="Black-billed turaco">Black-billed turaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-crested_turaco" title="White-crested turaco">White-crested turaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fischer%27s_turaco" title="Fischer's turaco">Fischer's turaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-billed_turaco" title="Yellow-billed turaco">Yellow-billed turaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannerman%27s_turaco" title="Bannerman's turaco">Bannerman's turaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-crested_turaco" title="Red-crested turaco">Red-crested turaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartlaub%27s_turaco" title="Hartlaub's turaco">Hartlaub's turaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violet_turaco" title="Violet turaco">Violet turaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross%27s_turaco" title="Ross's turaco">Ross's turaco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Gallirex" title="Gallirex">Gallirex</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purple-crested_turaco" title="Purple-crested turaco">Purple-crested turaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwenzori_turaco" title="Rwenzori turaco">Rwenzori turaco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Menelikornis" title="Menelikornis">Menelikornis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-cheeked_turaco" title="White-cheeked turaco">White-cheeked turaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruspoli%27s_turaco" title="Ruspoli's turaco">Ruspoli's turaco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crinifer" title="Crinifer">Crinifer</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_plantain-eater" title="Western plantain-eater">Western plantain-eater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_plantain-eater" title="Eastern plantain-eater">Eastern plantain-eater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bare-faced_go-away-bird" title="Bare-faced go-away-bird">Bare-faced go-away-bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_go-away-bird" title="Grey go-away-bird">Grey go-away-bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-bellied_go-away-bird" title="White-bellied go-away-bird">White-bellied go-away-bird</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Corythaeola</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_blue_turaco" title="Great blue turaco">Great blue turaco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Birds_(class:_Aves)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Birds" title="Template:Birds"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Birds" title="Template talk:Birds"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Birds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Birds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Birds_(class:_Aves)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Birds</a> (<a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">class</a>: Aves)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_birds" title="Outline of birds">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bird_anatomy" title="Bird anatomy">Anatomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beak" title="Beak">Beak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avian_brain" title="Avian brain">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop_(anatomy)#Birds" title="Crop (anatomy)">Crop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crop_milk" title="Crop milk">milk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dactyly#bird_digits" title="Dactyly">Dactyly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_egg" title="Bird egg">Eggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feather" title="Feather">Feathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_flight" title="Bird flight">Flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uropygial_gland" title="Uropygial gland">Preen gland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumage" title="Plumage">Plumage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_vision" title="Bird vision">Vision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bird_behaviour" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird behaviour">Behaviour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird_vocalization" title="Bird vocalization">Singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_intelligence" title="Bird intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avian_foraging" title="Avian foraging">Foraging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection_in_birds" title="Sexual selection in birds">Sexual selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lek_mating" title="Lek mating">Lek mating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seabird_breeding_behavior" title="Seabird breeding behavior">Seabird breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_incubation#Avian_incubation" title="Egg incubation">Incubation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brood_parasite" class="mw-redirect" title="Brood parasite">Brood parasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_nest" title="Bird nest">Nesting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_hybrid" title="Bird hybrid">Hybrids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_colony" title="Bird colony">Colony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">Evolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_birds" title="Origin of birds">Origin of birds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theropoda" title="Theropoda">Theropoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">dinosaurs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_avian_flight" title="Origin of avian flight">Origin of flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_birds" title="Evolution of birds">Evolution of birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin%27s_finches" title="Darwin's finches">Darwin's finches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seabird" title="Seabird">Seabirds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_fossil_bird_genera" title="List of fossil bird genera">Fossil birds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Archaeopteryx" title="Archaeopteryx">Archaeopteryx</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnivoropterygidae" title="Omnivoropterygidae">Omnivoropterygiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeholornithidae" title="Jeholornithidae">Jeholornithidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confuciusornithiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Confuciusornithiformes">Confuciusornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enantiornithes" title="Enantiornithes">Enantiornithes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyangiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaoyangiformes">Chaoyangiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patagopterygiformes" title="Patagopterygiformes">Patagopterygiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambiortiformes" title="Ambiortiformes">Ambiortiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songlingornithiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Songlingornithiformes">Songlingornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongshanornithidae" title="Hongshanornithidae">Hongshanornithidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gansus" title="Gansus">Gansuiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthyornithes" title="Ichthyornithes">Ichthyornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperornithes" title="Hesperornithes">Hesperornithes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithornithidae" title="Lithornithidae">Lithornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moa" title="Moa">Dinornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_bird" title="Elephant bird">Aepyornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastornithiformes" title="Gastornithiformes">Gastornithiformes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_uses_of_birds" title="Human uses of birds">Human <br />interaction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird_ringing" title="Bird ringing">Ringing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithology" title="Ornithology">Ornithology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithomancy" title="Ornithomancy">Ornithomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_collections" title="Bird collections">Bird collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birdwatching" title="Birdwatching">Birdwatching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_year" title="Big year">big year</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_feeding" title="Bird feeding">Bird feeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_conservation" title="Bird conservation">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviculture" title="Aviculture">Aviculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfowl_hunting" title="Waterfowl hunting">Waterfowl hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockfight" class="mw-redirect" title="Cockfight">Cockfighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_racing" title="Pigeon racing">Pigeon racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconry" title="Falconry">Falconry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheasantry" title="Pheasantry">Pheasantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imping" title="Imping">Imping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oology" title="Oology">Egg collecting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds" title="List of birds">Families and orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bird_genera" title="List of bird genera">Genera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_bird_terms" title="Glossary of bird terms">Glossary of bird terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_by_population" title="List of birds by population">List by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_birds_by_region" title="Lists of birds by region">Lists by region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_bird_species_since_1500" title="List of extinct bird species since 1500">Extinct species since 1500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Late_Quaternary_prehistoric_bird_species" title="List of Late Quaternary prehistoric bird species">Late Quaternary prehistoric birds</a></li> <li>Notable birds <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_birds" title="List of individual birds">individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_birds" title="List of fictional birds">fictional</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Neornithes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Neornithes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Palaeognathae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palaeognathae" title="Palaeognathae">Palaeognathae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Struthionidae" title="Struthionidae">Struthioniformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(ostriches)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheidae" title="Rheidae">Rheiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(rheas)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinamou" title="Tinamou">Tinamiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(tinamous)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiwi_(bird)" title="Kiwi (bird)">Apterygiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(kiwis)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuariiformes" title="Casuariiformes">Casuariiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(emus and cassowaries)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neognathae" title="Neognathae">N<br />e<br />o<br />g<br />n<br />a<br />t<br />h<br />a<br />e</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Galloanserae_(fowls)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galloanserae" class="mw-redirect" title="Galloanserae">G<br />a<br />l<br />l<br />o<br />a<br />n<br />s<br />e<br />r<br />a<br />e</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Fowl" title="Fowl">fowls</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anseriformes" title="Anseriformes">Anseriformes</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(waterfowls)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anatidae" title="Anatidae">Anatidae</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Duck" title="Duck">ducks</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatinae" title="Anatinae">Anatinae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_duck" title="Diving duck">Aythyini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergini" title="Mergini">Mergini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyurini" title="Oxyurini">Oxyurini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anserinae" title="Anserinae">Anserinae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swan" title="Swan"><span style="font-size:85%;">swans</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose" title="Goose"><span style="font-size:85%;">true geese</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whistling_duck" title="Whistling duck">Dendrocygninae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freckled_duck" title="Freckled duck">Stictonettinae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadorninae" title="Tadorninae">Tadorninae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhimidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Anhimidae">Anhimidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Horned_screamer" title="Horned screamer">Anhima</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chauna" title="Chauna">Chauna</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anseranatidae" title="Anseranatidae">Anseranatidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Magpie_goose" title="Magpie goose">Anseranas</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galliformes" title="Galliformes">Galliformes</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Landfowl" class="mw-redirect" title="Landfowl">landfowls</a>-</span> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Gamebirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamebirds">gamebirds</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cracidae" title="Cracidae">Cracidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cracinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cracinae">Cracinae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oreophasinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Oreophasinae">Oreophasinae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penelopinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Penelopinae">Penelopinae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Megapodidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Megapodidae">Megapodidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aepypodius" title="Aepypodius">Aepypodius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alectura" class="mw-redirect" title="Alectura">Alectura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eulipoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Eulipoa">Eulipoa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leipoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Leipoa">Leipoa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macrocephalon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrocephalon">Macrocephalon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megapodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Megapodius">Megapodius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Talegalla" title="Talegalla">Talegalla</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Numididae" class="mw-redirect" title="Numididae">Numididae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vulturine_guineafowl" title="Vulturine guineafowl">Acryllium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agelastes" title="Agelastes">Agelastes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guttera" title="Guttera">Guttera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Numida" class="mw-redirect" title="Numida">Numida</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Odontophoridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Odontophoridae">Odontophoridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Callipepla" title="Callipepla">Callipepla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colinus" title="Colinus">Colinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyrtonyx" title="Cyrtonyx">Cyrtonyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dactylortyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Dactylortyx">Dactylortyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dendrortyx" title="Dendrortyx">Dendrortyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odontophorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Odontophorus">Odontophorus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oreortyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Oreortyx">Oreortyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philortyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Philortyx">Philortyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhynchortyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhynchortyx">Rhynchortyx</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phasianidae" title="Phasianidae">Phasianidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meleagridinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Meleagridinae">Meleagridinae <span style="font-size:85%;">(turkeys)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdicinae" title="Perdicinae">Perdicinae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phasianinae" title="Phasianinae">Phasianinae <span style="font-size:85%;">(pheasants and relatives)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grouse" title="Grouse">Tetraoninae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neoaves" title="Neoaves">Neoaves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Columbea" title="Columbea">Columbea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Columbimorphae" title="Columbimorphae">Columbimorphae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae">Columbiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(doves and pigeons)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesite" title="Mesite">Mesitornithiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(mesites)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandgrouse" title="Sandgrouse">Pterocliformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(sandgrouse)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mirandornithes" title="Mirandornithes">Mirandornithes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flamingo" title="Flamingo">Phoenicopteriformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(flamingos)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grebe" title="Grebe">Podicipediformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(grebes)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Passerea" title="Passerea">Passerea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otidimorphae" title="Otidimorphae">Otidimorphae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuckoo" title="Cuckoo">Cuculiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(cuckoos)</span></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Musophagiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(turacos)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bustard" title="Bustard">Otidiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(bustards)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strisores" title="Strisores">Strisores</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caprimulgiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Caprimulgiformes">Caprimulgiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(nightjars and relatives)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steatornithiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Steatornithiformes">Steatornithiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(oilbirds)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyctibiiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyctibiiformes">Nyctibiiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(potoos)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podargiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Podargiformes">Podargiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(frogmouths)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegotheliformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegotheliformes">Aegotheliformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(owlet-nightjars)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apodiformes" title="Apodiformes">Apodiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(swifts and hummingbirds)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opisthocomiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Opisthocomiformes">Opisthocomiformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opisthocomidae" title="Opisthocomidae">Opisthocomiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(hoatzins)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cursorimorphae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cursorimorphae">Cursorimorphae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charadriiformes" title="Charadriiformes">Charadriiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(gulls and relatives)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruiformes" title="Gruiformes">Gruiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(cranes and relatives)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phaethontimorphae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaethontimorphae">Phaethontimorphae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropicbird" title="Tropicbird">Phaethontiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(tropicbirds)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurypygiformes" title="Eurypygiformes">Eurypygiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(kagus and sunbitterns)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aequornithes" title="Aequornithes">Aequornithes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loon" title="Loon">Gaviiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(loons or divers)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin">Sphenisciformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(penguins)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procellariiformes" title="Procellariiformes">Procellariiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(albatrosses and petrels)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stork" title="Stork">Ciconiiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(storks)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suliformes" title="Suliformes">Suliformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(cormorants and relatives)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelecaniformes" title="Pelecaniformes">Pelecaniformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(pelicans and relatives)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australaves" title="Australaves">Australaves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cariamiformes" title="Cariamiformes">Cariamiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(seriemas and relatives)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconiformes" title="Falconiformes">Falconiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(falcons and relatives)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parrot" title="Parrot">Psittaciformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(parrots)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">Passeriformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(perching birds)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afroaves" title="Afroaves">Afroaves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accipitriformes" title="Accipitriformes">Accipitriformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(raptors)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owl" title="Owl">Strigiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(owls)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mousebird" title="Mousebird">Coliiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(mousebirds)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trogon" title="Trogon">Trogoniformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(trogons and quetzals)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuckoo-roller" title="Cuckoo-roller">Leptosomiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(cuckoo-rollers)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucerotiformes" title="Bucerotiformes">Bucerotiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(hornbills and hoopoes)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coraciiformes" title="Coraciiformes">Coraciiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(kingfishers and rollers)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piciformes" title="Piciformes">Piciformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(woodpeckers and relatives)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Birds" title="Category:Birds">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Birds" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Birds">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Birds" title="Portal:Birds">Portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Birds" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Birds">WikiProject</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Musophagidae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213827" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q213827">Q213827</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Musophagidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Musophagidae">Musophagidae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Musophagiformes/">Musophagiformes</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=1089">1089</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/CZR">CZR</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/7576">7576</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1MUSOF">1MUSOF</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5258">5258</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/7194">7194</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=104300">104300</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=177818">177818</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0020959136">NHMSYS0020959136</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=56302">56302</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=539141">539141</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39309">39309</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213827#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4186452-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="turakovití"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph538451&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turaco&oldid=1256588583">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turaco&oldid=1256588583</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Musophagidae" title="Category:Musophagidae">Musophagidae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Extant_Chattian_first_appearances" title="Category:Extant Chattian first appearances">Extant Chattian first appearances</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Birds_of_Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Category:Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa">Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Higher-level_bird_taxa_restricted_to_the_Afrotropics" title="Category:Higher-level bird taxa restricted to the Afrotropics">Higher-level bird taxa restricted to the Afrotropics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Ren%C3%A9_Lesson" title="Category:Taxa named by René Lesson">Taxa named by René Lesson</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_listed_invalid_ISBNs" title="Category:Pages with listed invalid ISBNs">Pages with listed invalid ISBNs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 November 2024, at 17:44<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turaco&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-67ffd876-mtb94","wgBackendResponseTime":208,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.648","walltime":"1.976","ppvisitednodes":{"value":19830,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":477959,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":27589,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":28,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":17,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":178704,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":15,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1729.998 1 -total"," 43.23% 747.841 32 Template:Clade"," 29.06% 502.723 1 Template:Automatic_taxobox"," 28.03% 484.914 14 Template:Navbox"," 13.61% 235.412 2 Template:Reflist"," 10.03% 173.491 1 Template:Taxonbar"," 8.28% 143.285 9 Template:Cite_journal"," 8.04% 139.054 1 Template:Turacos"," 8.02% 138.786 1 Template:Fossilrange"," 7.41% 128.261 1 Template:Phanerozoic_220px"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.075","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10405491,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","380","30.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","180","14.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","160","12.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","140","11.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate","120","9.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","40","3.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","40","3.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","20","1.6"],["extract_names \u003CModule:Citation/CS1:1605\u003E","20","1.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode","20","1.6"],["[others]","140","11.1"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-6wtg4","timestamp":"20241124193235","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Turaco","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turaco","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q213827","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q213827","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-04-16T05:16:21Z","dateModified":"2024-11-10T17:44:43Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/31\/Tauraco_persa_%28captive_-_Birds_of_Eden%29.jpg","headline":"family of birds"}</script> </body> </html>