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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Pain</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">742 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Pain</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Pain">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13567309" data-work_id="13567309" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13567309/Provision_of_Ancillary_Medications_During_Buprenorphine_Detoxification_Does_Not_Improve_Treatment_Outcomes">Provision of Ancillary Medications During Buprenorphine Detoxification Does Not Improve Treatment Outcomes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">For opioid-dependent individuals, recovery efforts begin with a period of withdrawal that typically include discomfort from symptoms, possibly precipitating a return to drug use. The study described here investigated whether the provision... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13567309" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">For opioid-dependent individuals, recovery efforts begin with a period of withdrawal that typically include discomfort from symptoms, possibly precipitating a return to drug use. The study described here investigated whether the provision of ancillary medications for opioid withdrawal symptoms affects treatment outcomes in 139 participants receiving buprenorphine in a 13-day detoxification trial. Outcome measures include the number of opioid-free urine samples collected and retention in treatment. Ancillary medications were provided to 70% of participants: 59% received medication for insomnia, 45% for anxiety, 40% for bone pain, 35% for nausea, and 28% for diarrhea. Findings indicate no difference in the number of opioid-free urine samples between the group receiving ancillary medication and the group who did not, although tests of specific ancillary medications indicate that those who received diarrhea medication had fewer opioid-free urines than those who did not (p = 0.004). Results also indicate that participants attended fewer days of treatment if they received anxiety, nausea, or diarrhea medication compared to no medication (all p values < .05).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13567309" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7e006dfdbb8cdf3553c18f333445813d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45208208,"asset_id":13567309,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45208208/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32750013" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaureenHillhouse">Maureen Hillhouse</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32750013" type="text/json">{"id":32750013,"first_name":"Maureen","last_name":"Hillhouse","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MaureenHillhouse","display_name":"Maureen Hillhouse","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MaureenHillhouse?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13567309 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13567309"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13567309, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13567309", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13567309 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13567309; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13567309"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13567309 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13567309"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13567309; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13567309]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13567309").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13567309").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13567309"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8942" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment">Treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8942" type="text/json">{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10882" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution">Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10882" type="text/json">{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13567309]'), work: {"id":13567309,"title":"Provision of Ancillary Medications During Buprenorphine Detoxification Does Not Improve Treatment Outcomes","created_at":"2015-07-02T18:32:33.963-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13567309/Provision_of_Ancillary_Medications_During_Buprenorphine_Detoxification_Does_Not_Improve_Treatment_Outcomes?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_13567309","summary":"For opioid-dependent individuals, recovery efforts begin with a period of withdrawal that typically include discomfort from symptoms, possibly precipitating a return to drug use. The study described here investigated whether the provision of ancillary medications for opioid withdrawal symptoms affects treatment outcomes in 139 participants receiving buprenorphine in a 13-day detoxification trial. Outcome measures include the number of opioid-free urine samples collected and retention in treatment. Ancillary medications were provided to 70% of participants: 59% received medication for insomnia, 45% for anxiety, 40% for bone pain, 35% for nausea, and 28% for diarrhea. Findings indicate no difference in the number of opioid-free urine samples between the group receiving ancillary medication and the group who did not, although tests of specific ancillary medications indicate that those who received diarrhea medication had fewer opioid-free urines than those who did not (p = 0.004). Results also indicate that participants attended fewer days of treatment if they received anxiety, nausea, or diarrhea medication compared to no medication (all p values \u003c .05).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45208208,"asset_id":13567309,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32750013,"first_name":"Maureen","last_name":"Hillhouse","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MaureenHillhouse","display_name":"Maureen Hillhouse","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MaureenHillhouse?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=2898"},{"id":38676,"name":"Anxiety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety?f_ri=2898"},{"id":44259,"name":"Diarrhea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diarrhea?f_ri=2898"},{"id":47665,"name":"Drug Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Use?f_ri=2898"},{"id":129428,"name":"Drug Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Addiction?f_ri=2898"},{"id":143599,"name":"Buprenorphine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buprenorphine?f_ri=2898"},{"id":155096,"name":"Detoxification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Detoxification?f_ri=2898"},{"id":217554,"name":"Nausea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nausea?f_ri=2898"},{"id":392504,"name":"Opioid Dependence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Opioid_Dependence?f_ri=2898"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=2898"},{"id":466103,"name":"Narcotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narcotics?f_ri=2898"},{"id":623821,"name":"ANXIETY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ANXIETY-1?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1881146,"name":"Medical Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Treatment?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15555971" data-work_id="15555971" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15555971/Systematic_review_of_the_psychometric_properties_interpretability_and_feasibility_of_self_report_pain_intensity_measures_for_use_in_clinical_trials_in_children_and_adolescents">Systematic review of the psychometric properties, interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for use in clinical trials in children and adolescents</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this study was to systematically review the psychometric properties, interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for children and adolescents for use in clinical trials evaluating pain treatments.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15555971" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this study was to systematically review the psychometric properties, interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for children and adolescents for use in clinical trials evaluating pain treatments. Databases were searched for selfreport measures of single-item ratings of pain intensity for children aged 3-18 years. A total of 34 single-item self-report measures were found. The measures' psychometric properties, interpretability and feasibility, were evaluated independently by two investigators according to a set of psychometric criteria. Six single-item measures met the a priori criteria and were included in the final analysis. While these six scales were determined as psychometrically sound and show evidence of responsivity, they had varying degrees of interpretability and feasibility. No single scale was found to be optimal for use with all types of pain or across the developmental age span. Specific recommendations regarding the most psychometrically sound and feasible measures based on age/developmental level and type of pain are discussed. Future research is needed to strengthen the measurement of pain in clinical trials with children. Ó</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15555971" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a1ce8fce59910e484d62c5d9c8cf681" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43087980,"asset_id":15555971,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43087980/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34715593" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JenniferStinson">Jennifer Stinson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34715593" type="text/json">{"id":34715593,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"Stinson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JenniferStinson","display_name":"Jennifer Stinson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JenniferStinson?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15555971 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15555971"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15555971, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15555971", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15555971 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15555971; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15555971"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15555971 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15555971"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15555971; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15555971]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15555971").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15555971").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15555971"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2599" type="text/json">{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4531" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial">Clinical Trial</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4531" type="text/json">{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15555971]'), work: {"id":15555971,"title":"Systematic review of the psychometric properties, interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for use in clinical trials in children and adolescents","created_at":"2015-09-09T16:18:37.365-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15555971/Systematic_review_of_the_psychometric_properties_interpretability_and_feasibility_of_self_report_pain_intensity_measures_for_use_in_clinical_trials_in_children_and_adolescents?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_15555971","summary":"The aim of this study was to systematically review the psychometric properties, interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for children and adolescents for use in clinical trials evaluating pain treatments. Databases were searched for selfreport measures of single-item ratings of pain intensity for children aged 3-18 years. A total of 34 single-item self-report measures were found. The measures' psychometric properties, interpretability and feasibility, were evaluated independently by two investigators according to a set of psychometric criteria. Six single-item measures met the a priori criteria and were included in the final analysis. While these six scales were determined as psychometrically sound and show evidence of responsivity, they had varying degrees of interpretability and feasibility. No single scale was found to be optimal for use with all types of pain or across the developmental age span. Specific recommendations regarding the most psychometrically sound and feasible measures based on age/developmental level and type of pain are discussed. Future research is needed to strengthen the measurement of pain in clinical trials with children. Ó","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43087980,"asset_id":15555971,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34715593,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"Stinson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JenniferStinson","display_name":"Jennifer Stinson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JenniferStinson?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=2898"},{"id":100540,"name":"Feasibility Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feasibility_Studies?f_ri=2898"},{"id":203835,"name":"Psychometric Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometric_Properties?f_ri=2898"},{"id":221411,"name":"Systematic review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematic_review?f_ri=2898"},{"id":258581,"name":"Children and Adolescents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Children_and_Adolescents?f_ri=2898"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=2898"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=2898"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=2898"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1262481,"name":"Pain Measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Measurement?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16105686" data-work_id="16105686" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16105686/Endometriosis_induced_vaginal_hyperalgesia_in_the_rat_Role_of_the_ectopic_growths_and_their_innervation">Endometriosis-induced vaginal hyperalgesia in the rat: Role of the ectopic growths and their innervation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Endometriosis is a painful disorder defined by extrauteral endometrial growths whose contribution to pain symptoms is poorly understood. Endometriosis is created in rats by autotransplanting on abdominal arteries pieces of either uterus... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16105686" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Endometriosis is a painful disorder defined by extrauteral endometrial growths whose contribution to pain symptoms is poorly understood. Endometriosis is created in rats by autotransplanting on abdominal arteries pieces of either uterus (ENDO), which form cysts, or fat (shamENDO), which do not form cysts. ENDO, but not shamENDO induces vaginal hyperalgesia. We tested the hypothesis that the cysts are necessary to maintain vaginal hyperalgesia by assessing the effect of surgically removing them. Complete cyst removal eliminated ENDO-induced vaginal hyperalgesia up to four months post-operatively. Sham-cyst-removal in ENDO rats, in which cysts were not removed, or partial cyst-removal increased the ENDO-induced hyperalgesia. The decreases and increases both took three to six weeks to develop. Changes in ENDO-induced hyperalgesia did not occur in a control group of ENDO rats who had no surgery after ENDO. In a double-surgery control group, neither shamENDO surgery nor a subsequent sham surgery that mimicked "removal" of non-existent cysts influenced vaginal nociception. In a no-surgery control group, vaginal nociception remained stable for > six months. The increases in ENDO-induced hyperalgesia produced by the sham-cyst-removal surgery were smaller in proestrus than in other estrous stages. During the other stages (but not during proestrus), sympathetic innervation of the cysts increased. These results suggest that maintenance of ENDO-induced vaginal hyperalgesia requires continued presence of at least some ectopic endometrial tissue, and that surgical treatment that fails to remove ectopic endometrial tissue can exacerbate the hyperalgesia, possibly due in part to an increase in the cysts' sympathetic innervation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16105686" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d12f024d898630afb709e4e39640e024" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42747514,"asset_id":16105686,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42747514/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35222646" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KBerkley">Karen Berkley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35222646" type="text/json">{"id":35222646,"first_name":"Karen","last_name":"Berkley","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KBerkley","display_name":"Karen Berkley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KBerkley?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16105686 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16105686"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16105686, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16105686", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16105686]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16105686").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16105686").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16105686"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17836" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Menopause">Menopause</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17836" type="text/json">{"id":17836,"name":"Menopause","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Menopause?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="375054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats">Rats</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="375054" type="text/json">{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="410785" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endometriosis">Endometriosis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="410785" type="text/json">{"id":410785,"name":"Endometriosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endometriosis?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16105686]'), work: {"id":16105686,"title":"Endometriosis-induced vaginal hyperalgesia in the rat: Role of the ectopic growths and their innervation","created_at":"2015-09-23T16:31:18.859-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16105686/Endometriosis_induced_vaginal_hyperalgesia_in_the_rat_Role_of_the_ectopic_growths_and_their_innervation?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_16105686","summary":"Endometriosis is a painful disorder defined by extrauteral endometrial growths whose contribution to pain symptoms is poorly understood. Endometriosis is created in rats by autotransplanting on abdominal arteries pieces of either uterus (ENDO), which form cysts, or fat (shamENDO), which do not form cysts. ENDO, but not shamENDO induces vaginal hyperalgesia. We tested the hypothesis that the cysts are necessary to maintain vaginal hyperalgesia by assessing the effect of surgically removing them. Complete cyst removal eliminated ENDO-induced vaginal hyperalgesia up to four months post-operatively. Sham-cyst-removal in ENDO rats, in which cysts were not removed, or partial cyst-removal increased the ENDO-induced hyperalgesia. The decreases and increases both took three to six weeks to develop. Changes in ENDO-induced hyperalgesia did not occur in a control group of ENDO rats who had no surgery after ENDO. In a double-surgery control group, neither shamENDO surgery nor a subsequent sham surgery that mimicked \"removal\" of non-existent cysts influenced vaginal nociception. In a no-surgery control group, vaginal nociception remained stable for \u003e six months. The increases in ENDO-induced hyperalgesia produced by the sham-cyst-removal surgery were smaller in proestrus than in other estrous stages. During the other stages (but not during proestrus), sympathetic innervation of the cysts increased. These results suggest that maintenance of ENDO-induced vaginal hyperalgesia requires continued presence of at least some ectopic endometrial tissue, and that surgical treatment that fails to remove ectopic endometrial tissue can exacerbate the hyperalgesia, possibly due in part to an increase in the cysts' sympathetic innervation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42747514,"asset_id":16105686,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35222646,"first_name":"Karen","last_name":"Berkley","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KBerkley","display_name":"Karen Berkley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KBerkley?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":17836,"name":"Menopause","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Menopause?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":410785,"name":"Endometriosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endometriosis?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=2898"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=2898"},{"id":613632,"name":"Pelvic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pelvic_Pain?f_ri=2898"},{"id":901965,"name":"Central Sensitization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Sensitization?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1262481,"name":"Pain Measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Measurement?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1295208,"name":"Estradiol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estradiol?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1309706,"name":"Area Under Curve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Area_Under_Curve?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1446320,"name":"Hyperalgesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hyperalgesia?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1484871,"name":"Pain Threshold","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Threshold?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1621167,"name":"Hormone Replacement Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hormone_Replacement_Therapy?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1631043,"name":"Control Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Group?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1847499,"name":"Estrous cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estrous_cycle?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2053987,"name":"Ovariectomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ovariectomy?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2222636,"name":"Surgical Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgical_Treatment?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12616567" data-work_id="12616567" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12616567/Effects_of_slow_deep_breathing_and_RSA_biofeedback_on_experimental_pain">Effects of slow deep breathing and RSA biofeedback on experimental pain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Objective. Slow deep breathing has been proposed as an effective method to decrease pain. However, experimental studies conducted to validate this claim have not been carried out.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12616567" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c6ab75aa74a5e00d9a9997bbfb3d14a9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46047606,"asset_id":12616567,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46047606/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31565239" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SergeMarchand">Serge Marchand</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31565239" type="text/json">{"id":31565239,"first_name":"Serge","last_name":"Marchand","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SergeMarchand","display_name":"Serge Marchand","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SergeMarchand?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31565239/10477835/11691224/s65_serge.marchand.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12616567 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12616567"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12616567, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12616567", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12616567 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12616567; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12616567"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12616567 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12616567"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12616567; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12616567]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12616567").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12616567").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12616567"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12616567]'), work: {"id":12616567,"title":"Effects of slow deep breathing and RSA biofeedback on experimental pain","created_at":"2015-05-26T13:19:28.518-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12616567/Effects_of_slow_deep_breathing_and_RSA_biofeedback_on_experimental_pain?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_12616567","summary":"Objective. Slow deep breathing has been proposed as an effective method to decrease pain. However, experimental studies conducted to validate this claim have not been carried out.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46047606,"asset_id":12616567,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31565239,"first_name":"Serge","last_name":"Marchand","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SergeMarchand","display_name":"Serge Marchand","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SergeMarchand?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31565239/10477835/11691224/s65_serge.marchand.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73344767" data-work_id="73344767" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73344767/Ultrasound_guided_interventional_procedures_for_lumbar_pain">Ultrasound-guided interventional procedures for lumbar pain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The possibility of performing the majority of the pain-control interventions in the lumbar spine without using fluoroscopy is a very promising alternative. A clear description of the most relevant sonoanatomy of the lumbar spine and the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73344767" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The possibility of performing the majority of the pain-control interventions in the lumbar spine without using fluoroscopy is a very promising alternative. A clear description of the most relevant sonoanatomy of the lumbar spine and the proposal for a systematic approach to perform principal lumbar spine blocks may help those that are beginning to use ultrasound and increase the interest of professionals that normally perform these blocks with x-rays. Therefore, the structures that are easily identifiable by ultrasound from the muscular blocks and the facet joints are first described.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73344767" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b9227f64d03ac9afdb38e23f845b56d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81900323,"asset_id":73344767,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81900323/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1199580" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VictorMayoralRojals">Victor Mayoral Rojals</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1199580" type="text/json">{"id":1199580,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Mayoral Rojals","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VictorMayoralRojals","display_name":"Victor Mayoral Rojals","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VictorMayoralRojals?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1199580/430404/532466/s65_victor.mayoral_rojals.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73344767 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73344767"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73344767, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73344767", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73344767]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73344767").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73344767").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73344767"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136811" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesia">Analgesia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136811" type="text/json">{"id":136811,"name":"Analgesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesia?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1445770" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesics">Analgesics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1445770" type="text/json">{"id":1445770,"name":"Analgesics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesics?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73344767]'), work: {"id":73344767,"title":"Ultrasound-guided interventional procedures for lumbar pain","created_at":"2022-03-08T13:10:54.342-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73344767/Ultrasound_guided_interventional_procedures_for_lumbar_pain?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_73344767","summary":"The possibility of performing the majority of the pain-control interventions in the lumbar spine without using fluoroscopy is a very promising alternative. A clear description of the most relevant sonoanatomy of the lumbar spine and the proposal for a systematic approach to perform principal lumbar spine blocks may help those that are beginning to use ultrasound and increase the interest of professionals that normally perform these blocks with x-rays. Therefore, the structures that are easily identifiable by ultrasound from the muscular blocks and the facet joints are first described.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81900323,"asset_id":73344767,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1199580,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Mayoral Rojals","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VictorMayoralRojals","display_name":"Victor Mayoral Rojals","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VictorMayoralRojals?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1199580/430404/532466/s65_victor.mayoral_rojals.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":136811,"name":"Analgesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesia?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":1445770,"name":"Analgesics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesics?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18392777" data-work_id="18392777" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18392777/Therapeutic_Potential_of_Cone_Snail_Venom_Peptides_Conopeptides_">Therapeutic Potential of Cone Snail Venom Peptides (Conopeptides)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cone snails have evolved many 1000s of small, structurally stable venom peptides (conopeptides) for prey capture and defense. Whilst <1% have been pharmacologically characterised, those with known function typically target membrane... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18392777" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cone snails have evolved many 1000s of small, structurally stable venom peptides (conopeptides) for prey capture and defense. Whilst <1% have been pharmacologically characterised, those with known function typically target membrane proteins of therapeutic importance, including ion channels, transporters and GPCRs. Several conopeptides reduce pain in animals models, with one in clinical development ( -conopeptide analogue Xen2174) and one marketed (conotoxin MVIIA or Prialt) for the treatment of severe pain. In addition to their therapeutic potential, conopeptides have been valuable probes for studying the role of a number of key membrane proteins in normal and disease physiology.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18392777" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="da4b14f1f07fdbf7875db975bce5e3c6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40030992,"asset_id":18392777,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40030992/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38393285" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IrinaVetter">Irina Vetter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38393285" type="text/json">{"id":38393285,"first_name":"Irina","last_name":"Vetter","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IrinaVetter","display_name":"Irina Vetter","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IrinaVetter?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38393285/22323793/21539476/s65_irina.vetter.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18392777 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18392777"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18392777, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18392777", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18392777 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18392777; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18392777"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18392777 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18392777"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18392777; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18392777]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18392777").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18392777").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18392777"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11298" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membrane_Proteins">Membrane Proteins</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11298" type="text/json">{"id":11298,"name":"Membrane Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membrane_Proteins?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="151086" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peptides">Peptides</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="151086" type="text/json">{"id":151086,"name":"Peptides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peptides?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18392777]'), work: {"id":18392777,"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Cone Snail Venom Peptides (Conopeptides)","created_at":"2015-11-15T12:54:01.135-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18392777/Therapeutic_Potential_of_Cone_Snail_Venom_Peptides_Conopeptides_?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_18392777","summary":"Cone snails have evolved many 1000s of small, structurally stable venom peptides (conopeptides) for prey capture and defense. Whilst \u003c1% have been pharmacologically characterised, those with known function typically target membrane proteins of therapeutic importance, including ion channels, transporters and GPCRs. Several conopeptides reduce pain in animals models, with one in clinical development ( -conopeptide analogue Xen2174) and one marketed (conotoxin MVIIA or Prialt) for the treatment of severe pain. In addition to their therapeutic potential, conopeptides have been valuable probes for studying the role of a number of key membrane proteins in normal and disease physiology.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40030992,"asset_id":18392777,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38393285,"first_name":"Irina","last_name":"Vetter","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IrinaVetter","display_name":"Irina Vetter","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IrinaVetter?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38393285/22323793/21539476/s65_irina.vetter.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":11298,"name":"Membrane Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membrane_Proteins?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":151086,"name":"Peptides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peptides?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26389954" data-work_id="26389954" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26389954/Coccygeoplasty_Treatment_for_Fractures_of_the_Coccyx">Coccygeoplasty: Treatment for Fractures of the Coccyx</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Percutaneous vertebroplasty and sacroplasty are becoming common modalities of treatment for vertebral body compression fractures and sacral insufficiency fractures, respectively. The present report describes a case of a coccygeal fracture... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26389954" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Percutaneous vertebroplasty and sacroplasty are becoming common modalities of treatment for vertebral body compression fractures and sacral insufficiency fractures, respectively. The present report describes a case of a coccygeal fracture treated with injection of polymethylmethacrylate cement, which resulted in immediate relief of symptoms. It is suggested that this procedure be called coccygeoplasty. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2006; 17:909 -912</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26389954" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7cd601f69d1e6a87ccea97937a9ff68a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46691229,"asset_id":26389954,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46691229/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36475490" href="https://lumuc.academia.edu/NeelPatel">Neel Patel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36475490" type="text/json">{"id":36475490,"first_name":"Neel","last_name":"Patel","domain_name":"lumuc","page_name":"NeelPatel","display_name":"Neel Patel","profile_url":"https://lumuc.academia.edu/NeelPatel?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36475490/10798131/12052343/s65_neel.patel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26389954 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26389954"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26389954, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26389954", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26389954]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26389954").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26389954").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26389954"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management">Pain Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40165" type="text/json">{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="228722" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vascular">Vascular</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="228722" type="text/json">{"id":228722,"name":"Vascular","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vascular?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26389954]'), work: {"id":26389954,"title":"Coccygeoplasty: Treatment for Fractures of the Coccyx","created_at":"2016-06-21T17:54:05.599-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26389954/Coccygeoplasty_Treatment_for_Fractures_of_the_Coccyx?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_26389954","summary":"Percutaneous vertebroplasty and sacroplasty are becoming common modalities of treatment for vertebral body compression fractures and sacral insufficiency fractures, respectively. The present report describes a case of a coccygeal fracture treated with injection of polymethylmethacrylate cement, which resulted in immediate relief of symptoms. It is suggested that this procedure be called coccygeoplasty. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2006; 17:909 -912","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46691229,"asset_id":26389954,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36475490,"first_name":"Neel","last_name":"Patel","domain_name":"lumuc","page_name":"NeelPatel","display_name":"Neel Patel","profile_url":"https://lumuc.academia.edu/NeelPatel?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36475490/10798131/12052343/s65_neel.patel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":228722,"name":"Vascular","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vascular?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2898"},{"id":714090,"name":"Bone Cements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_Cements?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1391697,"name":"Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymethyl_Methacrylate_PMMA_?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22749921 coauthored" data-work_id="22749921" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22749921/Continuous_passive_motion_as_an_adjunct_to_active_exercises_in_early_rehabilitation_following_total_knee_arthroplasty_a_randomized_controlled_trial">Continuous passive motion as an adjunct to active exercises in early rehabilitation following total knee arthroplasty – a randomized controlled trial</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22749921" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="45ab12caddde5846542bd82ef88c3ce4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43312936,"asset_id":22749921,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43312936/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="305424461" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KristiHeiberg">Kristi Heiberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="305424461" type="text/json">{"id":305424461,"first_name":"Kristi","last_name":"Heiberg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KristiHeiberg","display_name":"Kristi Heiberg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KristiHeiberg?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22749921">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22749921"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnneMengshoel">Anne Mengshoel</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-22749921'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-22749921').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22749921 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22749921"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22749921, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22749921", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22749921 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22749921; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22749921"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22749921 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22749921"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22749921; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22749921]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22749921").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22749921").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22749921"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25443" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_therapy">Exercise therapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25443" type="text/json">{"id":25443,"name":"Exercise therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_therapy?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="289271" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged">Aged</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="289271" type="text/json">{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="413196" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Randomized_Controlled_Trial">Randomized Controlled Trial</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="413196" type="text/json">{"id":413196,"name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Randomized_Controlled_Trial?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22749921]'), work: {"id":22749921,"title":"Continuous passive motion as an adjunct to active exercises in early rehabilitation following total knee arthroplasty – a randomized controlled trial","created_at":"2016-03-03T06:37:16.154-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22749921/Continuous_passive_motion_as_an_adjunct_to_active_exercises_in_early_rehabilitation_following_total_knee_arthroplasty_a_randomized_controlled_trial?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_22749921","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43312936,"asset_id":22749921,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":305424461,"first_name":"Kristi","last_name":"Heiberg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KristiHeiberg","display_name":"Kristi Heiberg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KristiHeiberg?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":34592226,"first_name":"Anne","last_name":"Mengshoel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnneMengshoel","display_name":"Anne Mengshoel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnneMengshoel?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":25443,"name":"Exercise therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_therapy?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":413196,"name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Randomized_Controlled_Trial?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13581055 coauthored" data-work_id="13581055" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13581055/Psychopharmacology_in_Psycho_oncology">Psychopharmacology in Psycho-oncology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Psychopharmacological intervention is a major clinical and research area in oncology and palliative care. Over the last 35 years, psychotropic drugs have been shown to have a number of important indications for the treatment of the most... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13581055" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Psychopharmacological intervention is a major clinical and research area in oncology and palliative care. Over the last 35 years, psychotropic drugs have been shown to have a number of important indications for the treatment of the most common psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety, stress-related syndromes, severe adjustment disorders, sleep disorders and delirium, which combined affect at least 30-40% of patients with cancer and even a higher percentage of patients in an advanced phase of illness. The availability of new drugs, with less side-effects and safer pharmacological profiles, has been a major advance in clinical psycho-oncology. Interestingly, several drugs have also been found to be helpful for the adjuvant treatment of cancerrelated symptoms, such as pain, hot flashes, pruritus, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, and cognitive impairment, making psychopharmacology an important tool for the improvement of cancer patients' quality of life. The aim of this paper is to summarize recent relevant data concerning the use of psychotropic drugs, namely antidepressants, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants and psychostimulants in patients with cancer.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13581055" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="09201d946a275411bf8e5d73e2e2ac45" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45188595,"asset_id":13581055,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45188595/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32760176" href="https://ferrara.academia.edu/MariaNanni">Maria Nanni</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32760176" type="text/json">{"id":32760176,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Nanni","domain_name":"ferrara","page_name":"MariaNanni","display_name":"Maria Nanni","profile_url":"https://ferrara.academia.edu/MariaNanni?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13581055">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13581055"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/GrassiLuigi">Luigi Grassi</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13581055'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13581055').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13581055 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13581055"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13581055, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13581055", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13581055 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13581055; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13581055"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13581055 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13581055"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13581055; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13581055]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13581055").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13581055").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13581055"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7470" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life">Quality of life</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7470" type="text/json">{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="171144" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Disorders">Mental Disorders</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="171144" type="text/json">{"id":171144,"name":"Mental Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Disorders?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="469018" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasms">Neoplasms</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="469018" type="text/json">{"id":469018,"name":"Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasms?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13581055]'), work: {"id":13581055,"title":"Psychopharmacology in Psycho-oncology","created_at":"2015-07-03T03:06:18.014-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13581055/Psychopharmacology_in_Psycho_oncology?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_13581055","summary":"Psychopharmacological intervention is a major clinical and research area in oncology and palliative care. Over the last 35 years, psychotropic drugs have been shown to have a number of important indications for the treatment of the most common psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety, stress-related syndromes, severe adjustment disorders, sleep disorders and delirium, which combined affect at least 30-40% of patients with cancer and even a higher percentage of patients in an advanced phase of illness. The availability of new drugs, with less side-effects and safer pharmacological profiles, has been a major advance in clinical psycho-oncology. Interestingly, several drugs have also been found to be helpful for the adjuvant treatment of cancerrelated symptoms, such as pain, hot flashes, pruritus, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, and cognitive impairment, making psychopharmacology an important tool for the improvement of cancer patients' quality of life. The aim of this paper is to summarize recent relevant data concerning the use of psychotropic drugs, namely antidepressants, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants and psychostimulants in patients with cancer.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45188595,"asset_id":13581055,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32760176,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Nanni","domain_name":"ferrara","page_name":"MariaNanni","display_name":"Maria Nanni","profile_url":"https://ferrara.academia.edu/MariaNanni?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":34861339,"first_name":"Luigi","last_name":"Grassi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GrassiLuigi","display_name":"Luigi Grassi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GrassiLuigi?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":171144,"name":"Mental Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Disorders?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":469018,"name":"Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasms?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":606036,"name":"Psychotropic Drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotropic_Drugs?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17172727" data-work_id="17172727" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17172727/Executive_Functions_Self_Regulation_and_Chronic_Pain_A_Review">Executive Functions, Self-Regulation, and Chronic Pain: A Review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Chronic pain conditions are complicated and challenging to live with. Capacity to adjust to such conditions may depend on the ability to self-regulate, that is, the ability to alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Self-regulation... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17172727" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Chronic pain conditions are complicated and challenging to live with. Capacity to adjust to such conditions may depend on the ability to self-regulate, that is, the ability to alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Self-regulation appears to rely on executive cognitive functions, and the current review, therefore, sought to draw attention to the impact of self-regulatory capacity and executive functions on chronic pain. Chronic pain conditions present with complex interactions of cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physiological components for which self-regulatory ability is crucial. The ability to self-regulate varies, and self-regulatory strength appears to be a limited resource that can be fatigued. The many challenges of chronic pain conditions could, therefore, tax self-regulatory strength, leading to self-regulatory deficits. The current review proposes a relationship among pain, self-regulatory capacity, self-regulatory demands, executive functions, and self-regulatory fatigue, suggesting that executive functions and self-regulatory deficits are indeed part of the etiology and maintenance of chronic pain conditions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17172727" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3bc63f8eee363cd21ad8ac3f21ed0f36" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40911925,"asset_id":17172727,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40911925/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36772230" href="https://uky.academia.edu/SSegerstrom">Suzanne Segerstrom</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36772230" type="text/json">{"id":36772230,"first_name":"Suzanne","last_name":"Segerstrom","domain_name":"uky","page_name":"SSegerstrom","display_name":"Suzanne Segerstrom","profile_url":"https://uky.academia.edu/SSegerstrom?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17172727 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17172727"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17172727, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17172727", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17172727 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17172727; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17172727"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17172727 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17172727"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17172727; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17172727]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17172727").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17172727").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17172727"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4212" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition">Cognition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4212" type="text/json">{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4479" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain">Chronic Pain</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4479" type="text/json">{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17172727]'), work: {"id":17172727,"title":"Executive Functions, Self-Regulation, and Chronic Pain: A Review","created_at":"2015-10-22T13:03:17.029-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17172727/Executive_Functions_Self_Regulation_and_Chronic_Pain_A_Review?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_17172727","summary":"Chronic pain conditions are complicated and challenging to live with. Capacity to adjust to such conditions may depend on the ability to self-regulate, that is, the ability to alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Self-regulation appears to rely on executive cognitive functions, and the current review, therefore, sought to draw attention to the impact of self-regulatory capacity and executive functions on chronic pain. Chronic pain conditions present with complex interactions of cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physiological components for which self-regulatory ability is crucial. The ability to self-regulate varies, and self-regulatory strength appears to be a limited resource that can be fatigued. The many challenges of chronic pain conditions could, therefore, tax self-regulatory strength, leading to self-regulatory deficits. The current review proposes a relationship among pain, self-regulatory capacity, self-regulatory demands, executive functions, and self-regulatory fatigue, suggesting that executive functions and self-regulatory deficits are indeed part of the etiology and maintenance of chronic pain conditions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40911925,"asset_id":17172727,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36772230,"first_name":"Suzanne","last_name":"Segerstrom","domain_name":"uky","page_name":"SSegerstrom","display_name":"Suzanne Segerstrom","profile_url":"https://uky.academia.edu/SSegerstrom?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":33732,"name":"Executive Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Executive_Function?f_ri=2898"},{"id":49419,"name":"Problem Solving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Problem_Solving?f_ri=2898"},{"id":50238,"name":"Affect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affect?f_ri=2898"},{"id":50581,"name":"Self Efficacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Efficacy?f_ri=2898"},{"id":97269,"name":"Chronic Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Disease?f_ri=2898"},{"id":441653,"name":"Cognitive Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Function?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17440404" data-work_id="17440404" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17440404/Mechanisms_of_the_Antinociceptive_Action_of_Gabapentin">Mechanisms of the Antinociceptive Action of Gabapentin</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Gabapentin, a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogue anticonvulsant, is also an effective analgesic agent in neuropathic and inflammatory, but not acute, pain systemically and intrathecally. Other clinical indications such as anxiety,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17440404" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Gabapentin, a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogue anticonvulsant, is also an effective analgesic agent in neuropathic and inflammatory, but not acute, pain systemically and intrathecally. Other clinical indications such as anxiety, bipolar disorder, and hot flashes have also been proposed. Since gabapentin was developed, several hypotheses had been proposed for its action mechanisms. They include selectively activating the heterodimeric GABA B receptors consisting of GABA B1a and GABA B2 subunits, selectively enhancing the NMDA current at GABAergic interneurons, or blocking AMPA-receptor-mediated transmission in the spinal cord, binding to the L-α-amino acid transporter, activating ATP-sensitive K + channels, activating hyperpolarization-activated cation channels, and modulating Ca 2+ current by selectively binding to the specific binding site of [ 3 H]gabapentin, the α 2 δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels. Different mechanisms might be involved in different therapeutic actions of gabapentin. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in the findings proposed for the antinociceptive action mechanisms of gabapentin and suggest that the α 2 δ subunit of spinal N-type Ca 2+ channels is very likely the analgesic action target of gabapentin.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17440404" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="75b50de51883f1c605bd229f301c01dd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39509495,"asset_id":17440404,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39509495/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37172959" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LihchuChiou">Lih-chu Chiou</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37172959" type="text/json">{"id":37172959,"first_name":"Lih-chu","last_name":"Chiou","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LihchuChiou","display_name":"Lih-chu Chiou","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LihchuChiou?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17440404 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17440404"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17440404, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17440404", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17440404 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17440404; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17440404"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17440404 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17440404"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17440404; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17440404]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17440404").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17440404").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17440404"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83838" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amines">Amines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="83838" type="text/json">{"id":83838,"name":"Amines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amines?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="800817" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacological_Sciences">Pharmacological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="800817" type="text/json">{"id":800817,"name":"Pharmacological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacological_Sciences?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1445770" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesics">Analgesics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1445770" type="text/json">{"id":1445770,"name":"Analgesics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesics?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17440404]'), work: {"id":17440404,"title":"Mechanisms of the Antinociceptive Action of Gabapentin","created_at":"2015-10-28T16:31:53.525-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17440404/Mechanisms_of_the_Antinociceptive_Action_of_Gabapentin?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_17440404","summary":"Gabapentin, a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogue anticonvulsant, is also an effective analgesic agent in neuropathic and inflammatory, but not acute, pain systemically and intrathecally. Other clinical indications such as anxiety, bipolar disorder, and hot flashes have also been proposed. Since gabapentin was developed, several hypotheses had been proposed for its action mechanisms. They include selectively activating the heterodimeric GABA B receptors consisting of GABA B1a and GABA B2 subunits, selectively enhancing the NMDA current at GABAergic interneurons, or blocking AMPA-receptor-mediated transmission in the spinal cord, binding to the L-α-amino acid transporter, activating ATP-sensitive K + channels, activating hyperpolarization-activated cation channels, and modulating Ca 2+ current by selectively binding to the specific binding site of [ 3 H]gabapentin, the α 2 δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels. Different mechanisms might be involved in different therapeutic actions of gabapentin. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in the findings proposed for the antinociceptive action mechanisms of gabapentin and suggest that the α 2 δ subunit of spinal N-type Ca 2+ channels is very likely the analgesic action target of gabapentin.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39509495,"asset_id":17440404,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37172959,"first_name":"Lih-chu","last_name":"Chiou","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LihchuChiou","display_name":"Lih-chu Chiou","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LihchuChiou?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":83838,"name":"Amines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amines?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":800817,"name":"Pharmacological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacological_Sciences?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":1445770,"name":"Analgesics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesics?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":1619808,"name":"Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gamma-Aminobutyric_Acid?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4369514" data-work_id="4369514" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4369514/OSSIPOV_Scientifica_Review2012">OSSIPOV Scientifica Review2012</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Pain is oen perceived an unpleasant experience that includes sensory and emotional/motivational responses. Accordingly, pain serves as a powerful teaching signal enabling an organism to avoid injury, and is critical to survival. However,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4369514" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Pain is oen perceived an unpleasant experience that includes sensory and emotional/motivational responses. Accordingly, pain serves as a powerful teaching signal enabling an organism to avoid injury, and is critical to survival. However, maladaptive pain, such as neuropathic or idiopathic pain, serves no survival function. Genomic studies of individuals with congenital insensitivity to pain or paroxysmal pain syndromes considerable increased our understanding of the function of peripheral nociceptors, and especially of the roles of voltage-gated sodium channels and of nerve growth factor (NGF)/TrkA receptors in nociceptive transduction and transmission. Brain imaging studies revealed a "pain matrix, " consisting of cortical and subcortical regions that respond to noxious inputs and can positively or negatively modulate pain through activation of descending pain modulatory systems. Projections from the periaqueductal grey (PAG) and the rostroventromedial medulla (RVM) to the trigeminal and spinal dorsal horns can inhibit or promote further nociceptive inputs. e "pain matrix" can explain such varied phenomena as stress-induced analgesia, placebo effect and the role of expectation on pain perception. Disruptions in these systems may account for the existence idiopathic pan states such as bromyalgia. Increased understanding of pain modulatory systems will lead to development of more effective therapeutics for chronic pain. Scienti ca ACC SI SII INS Thalamus AMY PAG A7 PB A6 RVM DRG Peripheral afferent fiber (nociceptor) (a) A6 ACC SI SII INS Thalamus AMY PAG A7 PB RVM DRG Peripheral afferent fiber (nociceptor) (b)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4369514" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="30b975f7e54b81ea99184f29e12e5f3a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31808585,"asset_id":4369514,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31808585/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5341889" href="https://arizona.academia.edu/MichaelOssipov">Michael Ossipov</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5341889" type="text/json">{"id":5341889,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Ossipov","domain_name":"arizona","page_name":"MichaelOssipov","display_name":"Michael Ossipov","profile_url":"https://arizona.academia.edu/MichaelOssipov?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4369514 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4369514"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4369514, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4369514", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4369514 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4369514; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4369514"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4369514 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4369514"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4369514; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4369514]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4369514").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4369514").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4369514"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="161" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="161" type="text/json">{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4479" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain">Chronic Pain</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4479" type="text/json">{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4369514]'), work: {"id":4369514,"title":"OSSIPOV Scientifica Review2012","created_at":"2013-08-30T10:11:32.831-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4369514/OSSIPOV_Scientifica_Review2012?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_4369514","summary":"Pain is oen perceived an unpleasant experience that includes sensory and emotional/motivational responses. Accordingly, pain serves as a powerful teaching signal enabling an organism to avoid injury, and is critical to survival. However, maladaptive pain, such as neuropathic or idiopathic pain, serves no survival function. Genomic studies of individuals with congenital insensitivity to pain or paroxysmal pain syndromes considerable increased our understanding of the function of peripheral nociceptors, and especially of the roles of voltage-gated sodium channels and of nerve growth factor (NGF)/TrkA receptors in nociceptive transduction and transmission. Brain imaging studies revealed a \"pain matrix, \" consisting of cortical and subcortical regions that respond to noxious inputs and can positively or negatively modulate pain through activation of descending pain modulatory systems. Projections from the periaqueductal grey (PAG) and the rostroventromedial medulla (RVM) to the trigeminal and spinal dorsal horns can inhibit or promote further nociceptive inputs. e \"pain matrix\" can explain such varied phenomena as stress-induced analgesia, placebo effect and the role of expectation on pain perception. Disruptions in these systems may account for the existence idiopathic pan states such as bromyalgia. Increased understanding of pain modulatory systems will lead to development of more effective therapeutics for chronic pain. Scienti ca ACC SI SII INS Thalamus AMY PAG A7 PB A6 RVM DRG Peripheral afferent fiber (nociceptor) (a) A6 ACC SI SII INS Thalamus AMY PAG A7 PB RVM DRG Peripheral afferent fiber (nociceptor) (b)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31808585,"asset_id":4369514,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5341889,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Ossipov","domain_name":"arizona","page_name":"MichaelOssipov","display_name":"Michael Ossipov","profile_url":"https://arizona.academia.edu/MichaelOssipov?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16736445" data-work_id="16736445" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16736445/Under_Treatment_of_Pain_A_Prescription_for_Opioid_Misuse_Among_the_Elderly">Under Treatment of Pain: A Prescription for Opioid Misuse Among the Elderly?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Objective. To examine the demographic, physical, and mental health characteristics; current drug use patterns; motivations for use; and diversion sources among elderly prescription opioid misusers.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16736445" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c1af5a8dfbbc6c427cb1c0e278dda7f3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39154275,"asset_id":16736445,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39154275/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36096585" href="https://nova.academia.edu/marialevi">Maria A Shields Levi-Minzi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36096585" type="text/json">{"id":36096585,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Shields Levi-Minzi","domain_name":"nova","page_name":"marialevi","display_name":"Maria A Shields Levi-Minzi","profile_url":"https://nova.academia.edu/marialevi?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16736445 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16736445"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16736445, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16736445", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16736445 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16736445; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16736445"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16736445 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16736445"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16736445; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16736445]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16736445").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16736445").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16736445"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46406" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation">Motivation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46406" type="text/json">{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62787" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prescription_drug_misuse">Prescription drug misuse</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62787" type="text/json">{"id":62787,"name":"Prescription drug misuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prescription_drug_misuse?f_ri=2898","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="224005" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Medicine">Pain Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="224005" type="text/json">{"id":224005,"name":"Pain Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16736445]'), work: {"id":16736445,"title":"Under Treatment of Pain: A Prescription for Opioid Misuse Among the Elderly?","created_at":"2015-10-13T06:07:52.626-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16736445/Under_Treatment_of_Pain_A_Prescription_for_Opioid_Misuse_Among_the_Elderly?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_16736445","summary":"Objective. To examine the demographic, physical, and mental health characteristics; current drug use patterns; motivations for use; and diversion sources among elderly prescription opioid misusers.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39154275,"asset_id":16736445,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36096585,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Shields Levi-Minzi","domain_name":"nova","page_name":"marialevi","display_name":"Maria A Shields Levi-Minzi","profile_url":"https://nova.academia.edu/marialevi?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":62787,"name":"Prescription drug misuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prescription_drug_misuse?f_ri=2898","nofollow":false},{"id":224005,"name":"Pain Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21240946" data-work_id="21240946" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21240946/The_damage_done_by_the_war_on_opioids_the_pendulum_has_swung_too_far">The damage done by the war on opioids: the pendulum has swung too far</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21240946" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="40e828db7408f5d5bac20c05a9dba86f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41778052,"asset_id":21240946,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41778052/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42372777" href="https://acphs.academia.edu/JeffreyFudin">Jeffrey Fudin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42372777" type="text/json">{"id":42372777,"first_name":"Jeffrey","last_name":"Fudin","domain_name":"acphs","page_name":"JeffreyFudin","display_name":"Jeffrey Fudin","profile_url":"https://acphs.academia.edu/JeffreyFudin?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/b7d73e12d4a3b2bd38ae247f17503ecf?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21240946 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21240946"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21240946, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21240946", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21240946 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21240946; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21240946"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21240946 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21240946"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21240946; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21240946]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21240946").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21240946").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21240946"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21240946]'), work: {"id":21240946,"title":"The damage done by the war on opioids: the pendulum has swung too far","created_at":"2016-01-30T07:24:13.065-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21240946/The_damage_done_by_the_war_on_opioids_the_pendulum_has_swung_too_far?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_21240946","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41778052,"asset_id":21240946,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42372777,"first_name":"Jeffrey","last_name":"Fudin","domain_name":"acphs","page_name":"JeffreyFudin","display_name":"Jeffrey Fudin","profile_url":"https://acphs.academia.edu/JeffreyFudin?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/b7d73e12d4a3b2bd38ae247f17503ecf?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23811916" data-work_id="23811916" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23811916/Chronic_Testicular_Pain_as_a_Symptom_of_Pelvic_Floor_Dysfunction">Chronic Testicular Pain as a Symptom of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We determined whether chronic testicular pain is related to pelvic floor overactivity after ruling out other disease pathology. Materials and Methods: A total of 41 patients with chronic testicular pain evaluated at our Pelvic Floor... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23811916" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We determined whether chronic testicular pain is related to pelvic floor overactivity after ruling out other disease pathology. Materials and Methods: A total of 41 patients with chronic testicular pain evaluated at our Pelvic Floor Department at a tertiary academic center were included in this retrospective study. All patients underwent standard pelvic floor investigation, including history using a standardized questionnaire and electromyography registration of the pelvic floor. In the questionnaire patients were asked about complaints in 3 domains (micturition, defecation and sexual function) suggestive of pelvic floor dysfunction. Electromyography registration of the pelvic floor was performed. The resting tone of the pelvic floor was considered increased at 3 V or greater. Results: Mean patient age was 48 years. Of the patients 93% had at least 1 symptom suspicious of pelvic floor dysfunction. A total of 22% had complaints in 1 of the domains of micturition, defecation or sexual function, 24% had complaints in 2 domains and 49% had complaints in all 3 domains. On electromyography registration of the pelvic floor 88% of patients appeared to have an increased resting tone of the pelvic floor muscles at a mean of 6.7 V (normal less than 3). The patients with a normal pelvic floor resting tone were significantly older than those with an increased resting tone (65.6 vs 45.6, p ϭ 0.0001). Conclusions: Chronic testicular pain can be a symptom of pelvic floor overactivity, especially in younger patients. A diagnostic evaluation should be performed when no pathophysiology can be found.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23811916" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0956c58ab57c23aa919746a76a795a20" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44228378,"asset_id":23811916,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44228378/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45721524" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HenkElzevier">Henk Elzevier</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45721524" type="text/json">{"id":45721524,"first_name":"Henk","last_name":"Elzevier","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HenkElzevier","display_name":"Henk Elzevier","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HenkElzevier?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23811916 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23811916"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23811916, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23811916", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23811916 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23811916; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23811916"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23811916 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23811916"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23811916; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23811916]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23811916").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23811916").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23811916"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="653" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urology">Urology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="653" type="text/json">{"id":653,"name":"Urology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urology?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="97269" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Disease">Chronic Disease</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="97269" type="text/json">{"id":97269,"name":"Chronic Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Disease?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133057" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult">Young Adult</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="133057" type="text/json">{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23811916]'), work: {"id":23811916,"title":"Chronic Testicular Pain as a Symptom of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction","created_at":"2016-03-30T04:27:08.468-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23811916/Chronic_Testicular_Pain_as_a_Symptom_of_Pelvic_Floor_Dysfunction?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_23811916","summary":"We determined whether chronic testicular pain is related to pelvic floor overactivity after ruling out other disease pathology. Materials and Methods: A total of 41 patients with chronic testicular pain evaluated at our Pelvic Floor Department at a tertiary academic center were included in this retrospective study. All patients underwent standard pelvic floor investigation, including history using a standardized questionnaire and electromyography registration of the pelvic floor. In the questionnaire patients were asked about complaints in 3 domains (micturition, defecation and sexual function) suggestive of pelvic floor dysfunction. Electromyography registration of the pelvic floor was performed. The resting tone of the pelvic floor was considered increased at 3 V or greater. Results: Mean patient age was 48 years. Of the patients 93% had at least 1 symptom suspicious of pelvic floor dysfunction. A total of 22% had complaints in 1 of the domains of micturition, defecation or sexual function, 24% had complaints in 2 domains and 49% had complaints in all 3 domains. On electromyography registration of the pelvic floor 88% of patients appeared to have an increased resting tone of the pelvic floor muscles at a mean of 6.7 V (normal less than 3). The patients with a normal pelvic floor resting tone were significantly older than those with an increased resting tone (65.6 vs 45.6, p ϭ 0.0001). Conclusions: Chronic testicular pain can be a symptom of pelvic floor overactivity, especially in younger patients. A diagnostic evaluation should be performed when no pathophysiology can be found.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44228378,"asset_id":23811916,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45721524,"first_name":"Henk","last_name":"Elzevier","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HenkElzevier","display_name":"Henk Elzevier","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HenkElzevier?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":653,"name":"Urology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urology?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":97269,"name":"Chronic Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Disease?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":170918,"name":"Electromyography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electromyography?f_ri=2898"},{"id":203521,"name":"tESTIS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/tESTIS?f_ri=2898"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2898"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3702638" data-work_id="3702638" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3702638/Non_motor_symptoms_of_Parkinsons_disease_diagnosis_and_management">Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and management</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3702638" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="697c101ba16b30aed4406858b4ce4095" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50172944,"asset_id":3702638,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50172944/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4529364" href="https://uleam-secretaria.academia.edu/DanielHv">Daniel Hv</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4529364" type="text/json">{"id":4529364,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Hv","domain_name":"uleam-secretaria","page_name":"DanielHv","display_name":"Daniel Hv","profile_url":"https://uleam-secretaria.academia.edu/DanielHv?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4529364/1871039/2221519/s65_daniel.hv.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3702638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3702638"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3702638, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3702638", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3702638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3702638; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3702638"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3702638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3702638"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3702638; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3702638]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3702638").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3702638").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3702638"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7470" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life">Quality of life</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7470" type="text/json">{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37819" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erectile_dysfunction">Erectile dysfunction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37819" type="text/json">{"id":37819,"name":"Erectile dysfunction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erectile_dysfunction?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management">Pain Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40165" type="text/json">{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3702638]'), work: {"id":3702638,"title":"Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and management","created_at":"2013-06-13T03:35:29.653-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3702638/Non_motor_symptoms_of_Parkinsons_disease_diagnosis_and_management?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_3702638","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50172944,"asset_id":3702638,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4529364,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Hv","domain_name":"uleam-secretaria","page_name":"DanielHv","display_name":"Daniel Hv","profile_url":"https://uleam-secretaria.academia.edu/DanielHv?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4529364/1871039/2221519/s65_daniel.hv.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":37819,"name":"Erectile dysfunction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erectile_dysfunction?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":89021,"name":"Constipation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constipation?f_ri=2898"},{"id":106431,"name":"Sleep disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep_disorders?f_ri=2898"},{"id":232534,"name":"Health Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Status?f_ri=2898"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2898"},{"id":584615,"name":"Disease Progression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Progression?f_ri=2898"},{"id":612870,"name":"Psychotic Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotic_Disorders?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1541077,"name":"Parkinson Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parkinson_Disease?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1627527,"name":"Cognition disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition_disorders?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2160566,"name":"Behavioral symptoms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_symptoms?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7137767" data-work_id="7137767" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7137767/The_brief_resilience_scale_Assessing_the_ability_to_bounce_back">The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: While resilience has been defined as resistance to illness, adaptation, and thriving, the ability to bounce back or recover from stress is closest to its original meaning. Previous resilience measures assess resources that may... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7137767" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: While resilience has been defined as resistance to illness, adaptation, and thriving, the ability to bounce back or recover from stress is closest to its original meaning. Previous resilience measures assess resources that may promote resilience rather than recovery, resistance, adaptation, or thriving. Purpose: To test a new brief resilience scale. Method: The brief resilience scale (BRS) was created to assess the ability to bounce back or recover from stress. Its psychometric characteristics were examined in four samples, including two student samples and samples with cardiac and chronic pain patients. Results: The BRS was reliable and measured as a unitary construct. It was predictably related to personal characteristics, social relations, coping, and health in all samples. It was negatively related to anxiety, depression, negative affect, and physical symptoms when other resilience measures and optimism, social support, and Type D personality (high negative affect and high social inhibition) were controlled. There were large differences in BRS scores between cardiac patients with and without Type D and women with and without fibromyalgia. Conclusion: The BRS is a reliable means of assessing resilience as the ability to bounce back or recover from stress and may provide unique and important information about people coping with health-related stressors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7137767" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8cf423df3058eeab7ca7a36aca7f50e9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33774714,"asset_id":7137767,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33774714/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12306453" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BernardJennifer">Jennifer Bernard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12306453" type="text/json">{"id":12306453,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"Bernard","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BernardJennifer","display_name":"Jennifer Bernard","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BernardJennifer?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12306453/3733479/82507800/s65_jennifer.bernard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7137767 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7137767"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7137767, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7137767", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7137767 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7137767; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7137767"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7137767 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7137767"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7137767; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7137767]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7137767").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7137767").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7137767"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2599" type="text/json">{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4479" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain">Chronic Pain</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4479" type="text/json">{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7137767]'), work: {"id":7137767,"title":"The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back","created_at":"2014-05-23T07:11:54.817-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7137767/The_brief_resilience_scale_Assessing_the_ability_to_bounce_back?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_7137767","summary":"Background: While resilience has been defined as resistance to illness, adaptation, and thriving, the ability to bounce back or recover from stress is closest to its original meaning. Previous resilience measures assess resources that may promote resilience rather than recovery, resistance, adaptation, or thriving. Purpose: To test a new brief resilience scale. Method: The brief resilience scale (BRS) was created to assess the ability to bounce back or recover from stress. Its psychometric characteristics were examined in four samples, including two student samples and samples with cardiac and chronic pain patients. Results: The BRS was reliable and measured as a unitary construct. It was predictably related to personal characteristics, social relations, coping, and health in all samples. It was negatively related to anxiety, depression, negative affect, and physical symptoms when other resilience measures and optimism, social support, and Type D personality (high negative affect and high social inhibition) were controlled. There were large differences in BRS scores between cardiac patients with and without Type D and women with and without fibromyalgia. Conclusion: The BRS is a reliable means of assessing resilience as the ability to bounce back or recover from stress and may provide unique and important information about people coping with health-related stressors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33774714,"asset_id":7137767,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12306453,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"Bernard","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BernardJennifer","display_name":"Jennifer Bernard","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BernardJennifer?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12306453/3733479/82507800/s65_jennifer.bernard.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":9729,"name":"Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress?f_ri=2898"},{"id":11015,"name":"Social Support","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Support?f_ri=2898"},{"id":19674,"name":"Behavioral Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Medicine?f_ri=2898"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=2898"},{"id":69825,"name":"Negative Affect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negative_Affect?f_ri=2898"},{"id":88061,"name":"Fibromyalgia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fibromyalgia?f_ri=2898"},{"id":121291,"name":"Recovery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recovery?f_ri=2898"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=2898"},{"id":352204,"name":"Social Relation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Relation?f_ri=2898"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=2898"},{"id":531167,"name":"Sick Role","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sick_Role?f_ri=2898"},{"id":559242,"name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_Diseases?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77555129" data-work_id="77555129" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77555129/Pain_Management_in_Palliative_Care">Pain Management in Palliative Care</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">D efinition of Palliative care: "Palliative care is an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77555129" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">D efinition of Palliative care: "Palliative care is an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by interdisciplinary team taking into consideration physiological, psychosocial, and spiritual needs" (WHO, 2003) Suffering: Suffering is loss of meaning. Suffering occurs when there is a gap between expectation and reality. Principles of Palliative Care: Focus on quality rather than quantity of life. Effective communication at all levels. Respect for autonomy and choice. Effective symptom management. Holistic, multi-professional approach. Caring about the person and family. Palliative care is adding life to days, not adding days to life. It is the right of the patients not to feel pain, suffering or fear at all stages of the disease. Holistic approach is essentials for the relieve of suffering. Pain Management: Pain is an important and undertreated symptom of life-threatening illness. Correct use of analgesic medication, following the guidelines of the WHO step ladder, with the addition of adjuvant analgesics, should control the pain in nearly all cases. Attention should also be given to other aspects of pain, psychosocial or spiritual; Sometimes called "total pain". Bringing pain under control and keeping it there means assessing each aspect of pain and monitoring it. These are core skills of palliative care doctors and nurses. Medications are the foundation of pain control. Anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant and steroid medication may also have a complementary role for some patients and some sources of pain. Complementary measures are used as well as medical treatments. Wafa Qasem Ahmad has completed her Medical degree from Kuwait University in June 1989. She is working as a Consultant, Internist in a Private Clinic.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77555129" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="358af99973245eba394f327a1aefcdea" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84927891,"asset_id":77555129,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84927891/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="137493591" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PhillipRodgers1">Phillip Rodgers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="137493591" type="text/json">{"id":137493591,"first_name":"Phillip","last_name":"Rodgers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PhillipRodgers1","display_name":"Phillip Rodgers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PhillipRodgers1?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77555129 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77555129"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77555129, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77555129", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_77555129 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77555129; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_77555129"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_77555129 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="77555129"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77555129; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77555129]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77555129").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77555129").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77555129"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4482" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care">Palliative Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4482" type="text/json">{"id":4482,"name":"Palliative Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management">Pain Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40165" type="text/json">{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77555129]'), work: {"id":77555129,"title":"Pain Management in Palliative Care","created_at":"2022-04-25T04:41:44.844-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77555129/Pain_Management_in_Palliative_Care?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_77555129","summary":"D efinition of Palliative care: \"Palliative care is an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by interdisciplinary team taking into consideration physiological, psychosocial, and spiritual needs\" (WHO, 2003) Suffering: Suffering is loss of meaning. Suffering occurs when there is a gap between expectation and reality. Principles of Palliative Care: Focus on quality rather than quantity of life. Effective communication at all levels. Respect for autonomy and choice. Effective symptom management. Holistic, multi-professional approach. Caring about the person and family. Palliative care is adding life to days, not adding days to life. It is the right of the patients not to feel pain, suffering or fear at all stages of the disease. Holistic approach is essentials for the relieve of suffering. Pain Management: Pain is an important and undertreated symptom of life-threatening illness. Correct use of analgesic medication, following the guidelines of the WHO step ladder, with the addition of adjuvant analgesics, should control the pain in nearly all cases. Attention should also be given to other aspects of pain, psychosocial or spiritual; Sometimes called \"total pain\". Bringing pain under control and keeping it there means assessing each aspect of pain and monitoring it. These are core skills of palliative care doctors and nurses. Medications are the foundation of pain control. Anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant and steroid medication may also have a complementary role for some patients and some sources of pain. Complementary measures are used as well as medical treatments. Wafa Qasem Ahmad has completed her Medical degree from Kuwait University in June 1989. She is working as a Consultant, Internist in a Private Clinic.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84927891,"asset_id":77555129,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":137493591,"first_name":"Phillip","last_name":"Rodgers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PhillipRodgers1","display_name":"Phillip Rodgers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PhillipRodgers1?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":4482,"name":"Palliative Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":95655,"name":"Pharmaceutical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical?f_ri=2898"},{"id":99651,"name":"Community health nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_health_nursing?f_ri=2898"},{"id":144052,"name":"Patient Satisfaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Satisfaction?f_ri=2898"},{"id":405483,"name":"Sustained Drug Release","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustained_Drug_Release?f_ri=2898"},{"id":469018,"name":"Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasms?f_ri=2898"},{"id":882903,"name":"Terminal care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terminal_care?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1180715,"name":"Abdominal Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abdominal_Pain?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1435137,"name":"Emergency Department","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergency_Department?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1666580,"name":"Extended release","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extended_release?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2303288,"name":"Patient Controlled Analgesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Controlled_Analgesia?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28493595" data-work_id="28493595" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28493595/Acute_and_chronic_pain_management_in_palliative_care">Acute and chronic pain management in palliative care</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Every palliative care patient should have the expectation that acute and chronic pain management will be an integral part of their overall care. However, in all too many instances, the pain of cancer is often grossly under-treated. This... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28493595" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Every palliative care patient should have the expectation that acute and chronic pain management will be an integral part of their overall care. However, in all too many instances, the pain of cancer is often grossly under-treated. This issue is of concern because more than 80% of patients with cancer pain can ®nd adequate relief through the use of simple pharmacological methods. It is even more troubling to note that women and minority groups have their cancer pain under-treated more frequently. Physicians with the basic skills of assessment and treatment will be able to control the symptoms in the majority of cancer pain patients. However, there are still some patients who may require other modalities to control their moderate to severe pain. A thorough understanding of all pain management options will help the gynaecological oncologist to maintain an acceptable quality of life for their patients throughout the therapeutic and palliative phases of care.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28493595" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="40f7de009f5e4a5daf949ca2b0f3ce65" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48841227,"asset_id":28493595,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48841227/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="53430421" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VitalyGordin">Vitaly Gordin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="53430421" type="text/json">{"id":53430421,"first_name":"Vitaly","last_name":"Gordin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VitalyGordin","display_name":"Vitaly Gordin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VitalyGordin?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28493595 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28493595"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28493595, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28493595", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28493595 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28493595; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28493595"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28493595 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28493595"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28493595; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28493595]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28493595").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28493595").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28493595"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2240" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy">Psychotherapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2240" type="text/json">{"id":2240,"name":"Psychotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4482" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care">Palliative Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4482" type="text/json">{"id":4482,"name":"Palliative Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7470" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life">Quality of life</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7470" type="text/json">{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28493595]'), work: {"id":28493595,"title":"Acute and chronic pain management in palliative care","created_at":"2016-09-14T14:14:03.446-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28493595/Acute_and_chronic_pain_management_in_palliative_care?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_28493595","summary":"Every palliative care patient should have the expectation that acute and chronic pain management will be an integral part of their overall care. However, in all too many instances, the pain of cancer is often grossly under-treated. This issue is of concern because more than 80% of patients with cancer pain can ®nd adequate relief through the use of simple pharmacological methods. It is even more troubling to note that women and minority groups have their cancer pain under-treated more frequently. Physicians with the basic skills of assessment and treatment will be able to control the symptoms in the majority of cancer pain patients. However, there are still some patients who may require other modalities to control their moderate to severe pain. A thorough understanding of all pain management options will help the gynaecological oncologist to maintain an acceptable quality of life for their patients throughout the therapeutic and palliative phases of care.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48841227,"asset_id":28493595,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":53430421,"first_name":"Vitaly","last_name":"Gordin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VitalyGordin","display_name":"Vitaly Gordin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VitalyGordin?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2240,"name":"Psychotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":4482,"name":"Palliative Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":16595,"name":"Acupuncture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acupuncture?f_ri=2898"},{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=2898"},{"id":97269,"name":"Chronic Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Disease?f_ri=2898"},{"id":178379,"name":"Tramadol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tramadol?f_ri=2898"},{"id":466103,"name":"Narcotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narcotics?f_ri=2898"},{"id":561009,"name":"Nerve Block","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nerve_Block?f_ri=2898"},{"id":746571,"name":"Catheter ablation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catheter_ablation?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1262481,"name":"Pain Measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Measurement?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1445770,"name":"Analgesics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesics?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2471455,"name":"Acute Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acute_Disease?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65177100 coauthored" data-work_id="65177100" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/65177100/Internet_Delivered_Acceptance_and_Commitment_Therapy_for_Adolescents_with_Chronic_Pain_and_Their_Parents_A_Nonrandomized_Pilot_Trial">Internet-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Adolescents with Chronic Pain and Their Parents: A Nonrandomized Pilot Trial</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an empirically supported treatment for chronic pain in adults. There is also a small but growing evidence base of ACT for pediatric chronic pain. However, because of limited access to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65177100" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an empirically supported treatment for chronic pain in adults. There is also a small but growing evidence base of ACT for pediatric chronic pain. However, because of limited access to psychological treatment for pain, and geographical distances from pain facilities, many patients will not receive such treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effects of an internet-delivered ACT for adolescents with chronic pain, and their parents. In this nonrandomized pilot study 28 self-recruited adolescents, aged 13–17 years, received 8 weeks of internet-delivered ACT, while outcomes were assessed at pre-, posttreatment, and at follow-up (17–25 weeks). Parents of the adolescents received an 8-week internet-delivered parental program, and their outcomes were assessed at the same timepoints. Both treatments were guided by a therapist experienced in ACT and chronic pain. Some threats to feasibility were identified such as slow recruitment rate, low compliance and a delay in completion of follow-up assessments. Preliminary outcome evaluation showed that adolescents showed a large significant improvement on their main outcome (pain interference, d = 1.09), and parents a medium improvement on their main outcome, pain reactivity (d = 0.70). Improvements were also seen in adolescents' depressive symptoms and insomnia severity. The preliminary results of internet-delivered ACT are promising with regards to improvements in adolescent and parent outcome. Measures to improve feasibility are needed prior to conducting a larger randomized trial.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65177100" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41848034" href="https://uppsala.academia.edu/IsabelS%C3%B6rensen">Isabel Sörensen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41848034" type="text/json">{"id":41848034,"first_name":"Isabel","last_name":"Sörensen","domain_name":"uppsala","page_name":"IsabelSörensen","display_name":"Isabel Sörensen","profile_url":"https://uppsala.academia.edu/IsabelS%C3%B6rensen?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41848034/11618392/16006614/s65_isabel.s_rensen.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-65177100">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-65177100"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/VendelaZetterqvist">Vendela Zetterqvist</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/CharlotteGentili">Charlotte Gentili</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JennyRickardsson">Jenny Rickardsson</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-65177100'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-65177100').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65177100 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65177100"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65177100, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65177100", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_65177100 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65177100; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_65177100"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_65177100 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="65177100"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65177100; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65177100]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65177100").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65177100").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65177100"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4478" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatric_Psychology">Pediatric Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4478" type="text/json">{"id":4478,"name":"Pediatric Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatric_Psychology?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4479" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain">Chronic Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4479" type="text/json">{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4531" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial">Clinical Trial</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4531" type="text/json">{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65177100]'), work: {"id":65177100,"title":"Internet-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Adolescents with Chronic Pain and Their Parents: A Nonrandomized Pilot Trial","created_at":"2021-12-20T03:31:05.882-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65177100/Internet_Delivered_Acceptance_and_Commitment_Therapy_for_Adolescents_with_Chronic_Pain_and_Their_Parents_A_Nonrandomized_Pilot_Trial?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_65177100","summary":"Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an empirically supported treatment for chronic pain in adults. There is also a small but growing evidence base of ACT for pediatric chronic pain. However, because of limited access to psychological treatment for pain, and geographical distances from pain facilities, many patients will not receive such treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effects of an internet-delivered ACT for adolescents with chronic pain, and their parents. In this nonrandomized pilot study 28 self-recruited adolescents, aged 13–17 years, received 8 weeks of internet-delivered ACT, while outcomes were assessed at pre-, posttreatment, and at follow-up (17–25 weeks). Parents of the adolescents received an 8-week internet-delivered parental program, and their outcomes were assessed at the same timepoints. Both treatments were guided by a therapist experienced in ACT and chronic pain. Some threats to feasibility were identified such as slow recruitment rate, low compliance and a delay in completion of follow-up assessments. Preliminary outcome evaluation showed that adolescents showed a large significant improvement on their main outcome (pain interference, d = 1.09), and parents a medium improvement on their main outcome, pain reactivity (d = 0.70). Improvements were also seen in adolescents' depressive symptoms and insomnia severity. The preliminary results of internet-delivered ACT are promising with regards to improvements in adolescent and parent outcome. Measures to improve feasibility are needed prior to conducting a larger randomized trial.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41848034,"first_name":"Isabel","last_name":"Sörensen","domain_name":"uppsala","page_name":"IsabelSörensen","display_name":"Isabel Sörensen","profile_url":"https://uppsala.academia.edu/IsabelS%C3%B6rensen?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41848034/11618392/16006614/s65_isabel.s_rensen.jpg"},{"id":211612075,"first_name":"Vendela","last_name":"Zetterqvist","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VendelaZetterqvist","display_name":"Vendela Zetterqvist","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VendelaZetterqvist?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":211569768,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Gentili","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CharlotteGentili","display_name":"Charlotte Gentili","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CharlotteGentili?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":211728564,"first_name":"Jenny","last_name":"Rickardsson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JennyRickardsson","display_name":"Jenny Rickardsson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JennyRickardsson?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":4478,"name":"Pediatric Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatric_Psychology?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":33137,"name":"Acceptance and Commitment Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acceptance_and_Commitment_Therapy?f_ri=2898"},{"id":37896,"name":"Insomnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insomnia?f_ri=2898"},{"id":65944,"name":"eHealth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/eHealth?f_ri=2898"},{"id":163068,"name":"Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive-Behavioral_Therapy?f_ri=2898"},{"id":741238,"name":"Depressive Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depressive_Disorders?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1191356,"name":"Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78326898" data-work_id="78326898" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78326898/Prevalence_and_clinical_implications_of_painful_diabetic_peripheral_neuropathy_in_type_2_diabetes_Results_from_a_nationwide_hospital_based_study_of_diabetic_neuropathy_in_Korea">Prevalence and clinical implications of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes: Results from a nationwide hospital-based study of diabetic neuropathy in Korea</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Aims: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) and evaluate sleep impairment and quality of life in patients with PDPN. Methods: Data from the Korean Diabetes Association Neuropathy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78326898" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Aims: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) and evaluate sleep impairment and quality of life in patients with PDPN. Methods: Data from the Korean Diabetes Association Neuropathy Study Group were used to evaluate 3999 patients with type 2 diabetes. PDPN was diagnosed using visual analogue scales (VAS) and medical history. The patients were asked to answer the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF), Medical Outcomes Study Sleep (MOS-Sleep) Scale, EuroQol (EQ-5D), and VAS. Results: Among the patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (n = 1338), 577 (43.1%) were diagnosed with PDPN (14.4% of all patients with type 2 diabetes). PDPN was independently associated with age, female gender, fasting plasma glucose, hypertension, and previous cerebrovascular events. All pain severity and interference measures were higher in patients with PDPN than in non-PDPN patients, and patients with PDPN reported more impaired sleep and lower EQ-5D and VAS scores. Conclusions: The prevalence of PDPN in Koreans was comparable to that in Western populations. PDPN may impair sleep and quality of life compared with non-PDPN, and physicians should carefully consider pain symptoms in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78326898" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dc3058b2a9849646691d76e4d22ff376" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85413300,"asset_id":78326898,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85413300/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36132923" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BongyunCha">Bong-yun Cha</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36132923" type="text/json">{"id":36132923,"first_name":"Bong-yun","last_name":"Cha","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BongyunCha","display_name":"Bong-yun Cha","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BongyunCha?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78326898 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78326898"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78326898, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78326898", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78326898]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_78326898").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_78326898").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="78326898"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7470" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life">Quality of life</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7470" type="text/json">{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitals">Hospitals</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37772" type="text/json">{"id":37772,"name":"Hospitals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitals?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106431" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep_disorders">Sleep disorders</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="106431" type="text/json">{"id":106431,"name":"Sleep disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep_disorders?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78326898]'), work: {"id":78326898,"title":"Prevalence and clinical implications of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes: Results from a nationwide hospital-based study of diabetic neuropathy in Korea","created_at":"2022-05-03T06:29:17.824-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78326898/Prevalence_and_clinical_implications_of_painful_diabetic_peripheral_neuropathy_in_type_2_diabetes_Results_from_a_nationwide_hospital_based_study_of_diabetic_neuropathy_in_Korea?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_78326898","summary":"Aims: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) and evaluate sleep impairment and quality of life in patients with PDPN. Methods: Data from the Korean Diabetes Association Neuropathy Study Group were used to evaluate 3999 patients with type 2 diabetes. PDPN was diagnosed using visual analogue scales (VAS) and medical history. The patients were asked to answer the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF), Medical Outcomes Study Sleep (MOS-Sleep) Scale, EuroQol (EQ-5D), and VAS. Results: Among the patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (n = 1338), 577 (43.1%) were diagnosed with PDPN (14.4% of all patients with type 2 diabetes). PDPN was independently associated with age, female gender, fasting plasma glucose, hypertension, and previous cerebrovascular events. All pain severity and interference measures were higher in patients with PDPN than in non-PDPN patients, and patients with PDPN reported more impaired sleep and lower EQ-5D and VAS scores. Conclusions: The prevalence of PDPN in Koreans was comparable to that in Western populations. PDPN may impair sleep and quality of life compared with non-PDPN, and physicians should carefully consider pain symptoms in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85413300,"asset_id":78326898,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36132923,"first_name":"Bong-yun","last_name":"Cha","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BongyunCha","display_name":"Bong-yun Cha","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BongyunCha?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":37772,"name":"Hospitals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitals?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":106431,"name":"Sleep disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep_disorders?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=2898"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2898"},{"id":273748,"name":"Republic of Korea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republic_of_Korea?f_ri=2898"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2898"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=2898"},{"id":489727,"name":"Prognosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prognosis?f_ri=2898"},{"id":897823,"name":"Elsevier","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elsevier?f_ri=2898"},{"id":915951,"name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Type_2_Diabetes_Mellitus?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2921997,"name":"Diabetic Neuropathies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetic_Neuropathies?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78288331" data-work_id="78288331" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78288331/Gender_differences_in_pain_and_its_relief">Gender differences in pain and its relief</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There is much evidence to suggest that gender is an important factor in the modulation of pain. Literature data strongly suggest that men and women differ in their responses to pain: they are more variable in women than men, with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78288331" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There is much evidence to suggest that gender is an important factor in the modulation of pain. Literature data strongly suggest that men and women differ in their responses to pain: they are more variable in women than men, with increased pain sensitivity and many more painful diseases commonly reported among women. Gender differences in pharmacological therapy and non-pharmacological pain interventions have also been reported, but these effects appear to depend on the treatment type and characteristics. It is becoming very evident that gender differences in pain and its relief arise from an interaction of genetic, anatomical, physiological, neuronal, hormonal, psychological and social factors which modulate pain differently in the sexes. Experimental data indicate that both a different modulation of the endogenous opioid system and sex hormones are factors influencing pain sensitivity in males and females. This brief review will examine the literature on sex differences in experim...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78288331" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="82626b1a549ce6743597c9e7a848a65a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85388279,"asset_id":78288331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85388279/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36730109" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnnaAloisi">Anna Aloisi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36730109" type="text/json">{"id":36730109,"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Aloisi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnnaAloisi","display_name":"Anna Aloisi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnnaAloisi?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78288331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78288331"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78288331, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78288331", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_78288331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78288331; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_78288331"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_78288331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78288331"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78288331; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78288331]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_78288331").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_78288331").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="78288331"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7024" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender">Gender</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7024" type="text/json">{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management">Pain Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40165" type="text/json">{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78288331]'), work: {"id":78288331,"title":"Gender differences in pain and its relief","created_at":"2022-05-02T23:02:21.803-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78288331/Gender_differences_in_pain_and_its_relief?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_78288331","summary":"There is much evidence to suggest that gender is an important factor in the modulation of pain. Literature data strongly suggest that men and women differ in their responses to pain: they are more variable in women than men, with increased pain sensitivity and many more painful diseases commonly reported among women. Gender differences in pharmacological therapy and non-pharmacological pain interventions have also been reported, but these effects appear to depend on the treatment type and characteristics. It is becoming very evident that gender differences in pain and its relief arise from an interaction of genetic, anatomical, physiological, neuronal, hormonal, psychological and social factors which modulate pain differently in the sexes. Experimental data indicate that both a different modulation of the endogenous opioid system and sex hormones are factors influencing pain sensitivity in males and females. This brief review will examine the literature on sex differences in experim...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85388279,"asset_id":78288331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36730109,"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Aloisi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnnaAloisi","display_name":"Anna Aloisi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnnaAloisi?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=2898"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=2898"},{"id":413192,"name":"Sex Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Factors?f_ri=2898"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1484871,"name":"Pain Threshold","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Threshold?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2677637,"name":"Sex Characteristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Characteristics?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78222440" data-work_id="78222440" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78222440/Pharmacokinetics_and_Pharmacodynamics_of_Dexmedetomidine_Administered_as_an_Adjunct_to_Bupivacaine_for_Transversus_Abdominis_Plane_Block_in_Patients_Undergoing_Lower_Abdominal_Cancer_Surgery">Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Dexmedetomidine Administered as an Adjunct to Bupivacaine for Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Patients Undergoing Lower Abdominal Cancer Surgery</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Despite the growing interest in dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to truncal blocks, little is known about the systemic absorption of dexmedetomidine after these blocks and its role in analgesia and in hemodynamics. Objective We... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78222440" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Despite the growing interest in dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to truncal blocks, little is known about the systemic absorption of dexmedetomidine after these blocks and its role in analgesia and in hemodynamics. Objective We investigated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in patients undergoing lower abdominal cancer surgery. Methods Twenty-four adult patients were randomized to receive a bilateral single-injection TAP block before surgery with 20 mL of bupivacaine 0.5% (TAP group, n = 12) or combined with 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine (TAP-DEX group, n = 12) and diluted with saline to a volume of 40 mL (20 mL on each side). Plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine and its pharmacokinetics were investigated using non-compartmental methods, postoperative analgesia, hemodynamics, and adverse events (nausea, vomiting, itching, hypotension, bradycardia, and respiratory depression). Results Dexmedetom...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78222440" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7b2d4398e65bfb6a944570c7b4bc8eba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85344809,"asset_id":78222440,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85344809/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25085996" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SamiaShouman">Samia Shouman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25085996" type="text/json">{"id":25085996,"first_name":"Samia","last_name":"Shouman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SamiaShouman","display_name":"Samia Shouman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SamiaShouman?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78222440 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78222440"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78222440, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78222440", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_78222440 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78222440; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_78222440"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_78222440 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78222440"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78222440; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78222440]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_78222440").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_78222440").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="78222440"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="129739" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthesia">Anesthesia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="129739" type="text/json">{"id":129739,"name":"Anesthesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthesia?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="331163" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dexmedetomidine">Dexmedetomidine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="331163" type="text/json">{"id":331163,"name":"Dexmedetomidine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dexmedetomidine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78222440]'), work: {"id":78222440,"title":"Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Dexmedetomidine Administered as an Adjunct to Bupivacaine for Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Patients Undergoing Lower Abdominal Cancer Surgery","created_at":"2022-05-02T06:36:50.183-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78222440/Pharmacokinetics_and_Pharmacodynamics_of_Dexmedetomidine_Administered_as_an_Adjunct_to_Bupivacaine_for_Transversus_Abdominis_Plane_Block_in_Patients_Undergoing_Lower_Abdominal_Cancer_Surgery?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_78222440","summary":"Background Despite the growing interest in dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to truncal blocks, little is known about the systemic absorption of dexmedetomidine after these blocks and its role in analgesia and in hemodynamics. Objective We investigated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in patients undergoing lower abdominal cancer surgery. Methods Twenty-four adult patients were randomized to receive a bilateral single-injection TAP block before surgery with 20 mL of bupivacaine 0.5% (TAP group, n = 12) or combined with 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine (TAP-DEX group, n = 12) and diluted with saline to a volume of 40 mL (20 mL on each side). Plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine and its pharmacokinetics were investigated using non-compartmental methods, postoperative analgesia, hemodynamics, and adverse events (nausea, vomiting, itching, hypotension, bradycardia, and respiratory depression). Results Dexmedetom...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85344809,"asset_id":78222440,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25085996,"first_name":"Samia","last_name":"Shouman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SamiaShouman","display_name":"Samia Shouman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SamiaShouman?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":129739,"name":"Anesthesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthesia?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":331163,"name":"Dexmedetomidine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dexmedetomidine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":2560488,"name":"Bupivacaine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bupivacaine?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77252710" data-work_id="77252710" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77252710/The_need_to_address_the_burden_of_musculoskeletal_conditions">The need to address the burden of musculoskeletal conditions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77252710" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b374c285eac11634396b967b4fd0027" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84684773,"asset_id":77252710,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84684773/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68911444" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoErwin">Jo Erwin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68911444" type="text/json">{"id":68911444,"first_name":"Jo","last_name":"Erwin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoErwin","display_name":"Jo Erwin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoErwin?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68911444/29034601/27077722/s65_jo.erwin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77252710 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77252710"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77252710, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77252710", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77252710]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77252710").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77252710").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77252710"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3851" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity">Obesity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3851" type="text/json">{"id":3851,"name":"Obesity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7471" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Style">Life Style</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7471" type="text/json">{"id":7471,"name":"Life Style","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Style?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77252710]'), work: {"id":77252710,"title":"The need to address the burden of musculoskeletal conditions","created_at":"2022-04-22T01:51:24.172-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77252710/The_need_to_address_the_burden_of_musculoskeletal_conditions?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_77252710","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84684773,"asset_id":77252710,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":68911444,"first_name":"Jo","last_name":"Erwin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoErwin","display_name":"Jo Erwin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoErwin?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68911444/29034601/27077722/s65_jo.erwin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":3851,"name":"Obesity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":7471,"name":"Life Style","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Style?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2898"},{"id":44529,"name":"Activities of Daily Living","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activities_of_Daily_Living?f_ri=2898"},{"id":75826,"name":"Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europe?f_ri=2898"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2898"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=2898"},{"id":296549,"name":"Health Expenditures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Expenditures?f_ri=2898"},{"id":886573,"name":"Cost of Illness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_of_Illness?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2885045,"name":"Musculoskeletal diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musculoskeletal_diseases?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71493832" data-work_id="71493832" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71493832/Galactorrhoea_following_acupuncture">Galactorrhoea following acupuncture</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A 41-year-old woman with breast cancer was referred to the pain management clinic for a course of acupuncture for intense pain following a subcutaneous mastectomy and a latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction. She was treated with a standard... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71493832" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A 41-year-old woman with breast cancer was referred to the pain management clinic for a course of acupuncture for intense pain following a subcutaneous mastectomy and a latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction. She was treated with a standard course of acupuncture for breast pain, using paravertebral segmental points, trigger points, plus contralateral LI4 on the non-lymphoedematous arm. She experienced an episode of galactorrhoea six days following the first treatment and during the second treatment. She had not previously lactated for four years. CT and MRI of the brain revealed no focal abnormality. Acupuncture has been used in to promote lactation in the Traditional Chinese literature using the ‘Tianzong’ acupoint SI11. This acupoint coincided with a trigger point over infraspinatus that was included in the neurophysiologically based acupuncture treatment. Quantitative analysis has shown an increase in the production of prolactin and oxytocin following acupuncture. These hormones ar...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71493832" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d12fdb7411b7a33dfe206db710724b7d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80812427,"asset_id":71493832,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80812427/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43715830" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JacquelineFilshie">Jacqueline Filshie</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43715830" type="text/json">{"id":43715830,"first_name":"Jacqueline","last_name":"Filshie","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JacquelineFilshie","display_name":"Jacqueline Filshie","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JacquelineFilshie?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71493832 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71493832"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71493832, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71493832", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71493832 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71493832; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71493832"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71493832 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71493832"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71493832; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71493832]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71493832").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71493832").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71493832"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer">Breast Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6802" type="text/json">{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71493832]'), work: {"id":71493832,"title":"Galactorrhoea following acupuncture","created_at":"2022-02-14T06:04:42.694-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71493832/Galactorrhoea_following_acupuncture?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_71493832","summary":"A 41-year-old woman with breast cancer was referred to the pain management clinic for a course of acupuncture for intense pain following a subcutaneous mastectomy and a latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction. She was treated with a standard course of acupuncture for breast pain, using paravertebral segmental points, trigger points, plus contralateral LI4 on the non-lymphoedematous arm. She experienced an episode of galactorrhoea six days following the first treatment and during the second treatment. She had not previously lactated for four years. CT and MRI of the brain revealed no focal abnormality. Acupuncture has been used in to promote lactation in the Traditional Chinese literature using the ‘Tianzong’ acupoint SI11. This acupoint coincided with a trigger point over infraspinatus that was included in the neurophysiologically based acupuncture treatment. Quantitative analysis has shown an increase in the production of prolactin and oxytocin following acupuncture. These hormones ar...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80812427,"asset_id":71493832,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43715830,"first_name":"Jacqueline","last_name":"Filshie","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JacquelineFilshie","display_name":"Jacqueline Filshie","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JacquelineFilshie?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":37434,"name":"Quantitative analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_analysis?f_ri=2898"},{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=2898"},{"id":53735,"name":"Oxytocin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxytocin?f_ri=2898"},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=2898"},{"id":434050,"name":"Mammary gland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammary_gland?f_ri=2898"},{"id":641216,"name":"Quantitative Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_Analysis-1?f_ri=2898"},{"id":658397,"name":"Integrative Medicine/Acupuncture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrative_Medicine_Acupuncture?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1363315,"name":"Axilla","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Axilla?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2847999,"name":"Breast Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Neoplasms?f_ri=2898"},{"id":3944501,"name":"Galactorrhea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Galactorrhea?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68736300" data-work_id="68736300" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68736300/Recurrent_limb_pain_and_migraine_Case_reports_and_a_clinical_review_BRIEF_REPORT">Recurrent limb pain and migraine: Case reports and a clinical review: BRIEF REPORT</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recurrent limb pain (RLP) is a well-known entity in childhood. It is considered a precursor of migraine. The temporal relationship of RLP with headache in childhood is lacking in the literature. However, there are many cases with limb... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68736300" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recurrent limb pain (RLP) is a well-known entity in childhood. It is considered a precursor of migraine. The temporal relationship of RLP with headache in childhood is lacking in the literature. However, there are many cases with limb pain in a close temporal relationship with migraine headache in adults. We report six female patients with RLP and migraine and delineate the temporal relationship between the two. Three patients had a history of RLP in childhood and developed migraine headache after many years. Conversely, two patients had a long history of migraine headache and later developed RLP. One patient developed RLP and migraine headache at the same age. Isolated limb pain was frequent in all six patients. It was mild to severe, for a few minutes to a few days, and predominantly located in the upper extremities. Only one patient reported allodynia. The patients showed response to preventive measures (all six patients) and abortive therapies (four patients), even in those attacks of RLP that were not associated with headache episodes. We also review the clinical profiles of the patients in whom RLP and migraine were related to each other, and speculate on the possible mechanisms for RLP in the patients with migraine. ᮀ Limb pain, headache, migraine</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68736300" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d84ea3f95a78c57b6ef49dc5d51a2f9f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79108664,"asset_id":68736300,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79108664/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="211022655" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SuryaPrakash861">Surya Prakash</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="211022655" type="text/json">{"id":211022655,"first_name":"Surya","last_name":"Prakash","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SuryaPrakash861","display_name":"Surya Prakash","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SuryaPrakash861?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/211022655/70497143/58917521/s65_surya.prakash.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68736300 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68736300"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68736300, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68736300", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68736300 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68736300; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68736300"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68736300 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68736300"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68736300; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68736300]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68736300").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68736300").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68736300"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63886" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Report">Case Report</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="63886" type="text/json">{"id":63886,"name":"Case Report","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Report?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68736300]'), work: {"id":68736300,"title":"Recurrent limb pain and migraine: Case reports and a clinical review: BRIEF REPORT","created_at":"2022-01-19T18:22:17.605-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68736300/Recurrent_limb_pain_and_migraine_Case_reports_and_a_clinical_review_BRIEF_REPORT?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_68736300","summary":"Recurrent limb pain (RLP) is a well-known entity in childhood. It is considered a precursor of migraine. The temporal relationship of RLP with headache in childhood is lacking in the literature. However, there are many cases with limb pain in a close temporal relationship with migraine headache in adults. We report six female patients with RLP and migraine and delineate the temporal relationship between the two. Three patients had a history of RLP in childhood and developed migraine headache after many years. Conversely, two patients had a long history of migraine headache and later developed RLP. One patient developed RLP and migraine headache at the same age. Isolated limb pain was frequent in all six patients. It was mild to severe, for a few minutes to a few days, and predominantly located in the upper extremities. Only one patient reported allodynia. The patients showed response to preventive measures (all six patients) and abortive therapies (four patients), even in those attacks of RLP that were not associated with headache episodes. We also review the clinical profiles of the patients in whom RLP and migraine were related to each other, and speculate on the possible mechanisms for RLP in the patients with migraine. ᮀ Limb pain, headache, migraine","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79108664,"asset_id":68736300,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":211022655,"first_name":"Surya","last_name":"Prakash","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SuryaPrakash861","display_name":"Surya Prakash","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SuryaPrakash861?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/211022655/70497143/58917521/s65_surya.prakash.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":63886,"name":"Case Report","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Report?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=2898"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2898"},{"id":780852,"name":"Upper Extremity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_Extremity?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1246554,"name":"SECONDARY PREVENTION","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SECONDARY_PREVENTION?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2037489,"name":"Preventive measures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preventive_measures?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2197154,"name":"Extremities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extremities?f_ri=2898"},{"id":3979531,"name":"Migraine disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migraine_disorders?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67592526" data-work_id="67592526" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67592526/The_association_between_changes_in_pressure_pain_sensitivity_and_changes_in_cardiovascular_physiological_factors_associated_with_persistent_stress">The association between changes in pressure pain sensitivity and changes in cardiovascular physiological factors associated with persistent stress</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objectives. To evaluate the possible association between pressure pain sensitivity of the chest bone (PPS) and cardiovascular physiological factors related to persistent stress in connection with a three-month PPS-guided stress-reducing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67592526" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objectives. To evaluate the possible association between pressure pain sensitivity of the chest bone (PPS) and cardiovascular physiological factors related to persistent stress in connection with a three-month PPS-guided stress-reducing experimental intervention programme. Methods. Forty-two offi ce workers with an elevated PPS (Ն 60 arbitrary units) as a sign of increased level of persistent stress, completed a single-blinded cluster randomized controlled trial. The active treatment was a PPS (self-measurement)-guided stress management programme. Primary endpoints: Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and work of the heart measured as Pressure-Rate-Product (PRP); Secondary endpoints: Other features of the metabolic syndrome. Results. PPS decreased and changes in PPS after the intervention period were signifi cantly associated with HR, PRP, body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat index (all correlation coeffi cients Ͼ 0.2, p Ͻ 0.05). Compared to the control cluster group, the active cluster group obtained a signifi cant reduction in PPS, Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total number of elevated risk factors (p Ͻ 0.05). On an individual level, signifi cant and clinically relevant between-group reductions were observed in respect to BP, HR, PRP, total and LDL cholesterol, and total number of elevated risk factors (p Ͻ 0.05). Conclusions. The stress intervention method applied in this study induced a decrease in PPS which was associated with a clinically relevant decrease in resting blood pressure, heart rate, work of the heart and serum cholesterols.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67592526" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="914ba2e6362c7f65dfaf4adcfa14c08d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78353302,"asset_id":67592526,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78353302/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1005484" href="https://independent.academia.edu/bennykarpatschof">benny karpatschof</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1005484" type="text/json">{"id":1005484,"first_name":"benny","last_name":"karpatschof","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"bennykarpatschof","display_name":"benny karpatschof","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/bennykarpatschof?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67592526 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67592526"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67592526, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67592526", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67592526 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67592526; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67592526"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67592526 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67592526"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67592526; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67592526]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67592526").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67592526").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67592526"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9729" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress">Stress</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9729" type="text/json">{"id":9729,"name":"Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="88321" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Pressure">Blood Pressure</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="88321" type="text/json">{"id":88321,"name":"Blood Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Pressure?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131298" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_rate">Heart rate</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="131298" type="text/json">{"id":131298,"name":"Heart rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_rate?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67592526]'), work: {"id":67592526,"title":"The association between changes in pressure pain sensitivity and changes in cardiovascular physiological factors associated with persistent stress","created_at":"2022-01-08T01:55:54.578-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67592526/The_association_between_changes_in_pressure_pain_sensitivity_and_changes_in_cardiovascular_physiological_factors_associated_with_persistent_stress?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_67592526","summary":"Objectives. To evaluate the possible association between pressure pain sensitivity of the chest bone (PPS) and cardiovascular physiological factors related to persistent stress in connection with a three-month PPS-guided stress-reducing experimental intervention programme. Methods. Forty-two offi ce workers with an elevated PPS (Ն 60 arbitrary units) as a sign of increased level of persistent stress, completed a single-blinded cluster randomized controlled trial. The active treatment was a PPS (self-measurement)-guided stress management programme. Primary endpoints: Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and work of the heart measured as Pressure-Rate-Product (PRP); Secondary endpoints: Other features of the metabolic syndrome. Results. PPS decreased and changes in PPS after the intervention period were signifi cantly associated with HR, PRP, body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat index (all correlation coeffi cients Ͼ 0.2, p Ͻ 0.05). Compared to the control cluster group, the active cluster group obtained a signifi cant reduction in PPS, Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total number of elevated risk factors (p Ͻ 0.05). On an individual level, signifi cant and clinically relevant between-group reductions were observed in respect to BP, HR, PRP, total and LDL cholesterol, and total number of elevated risk factors (p Ͻ 0.05). Conclusions. The stress intervention method applied in this study induced a decrease in PPS which was associated with a clinically relevant decrease in resting blood pressure, heart rate, work of the heart and serum cholesterols.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78353302,"asset_id":67592526,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1005484,"first_name":"benny","last_name":"karpatschof","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"bennykarpatschof","display_name":"benny karpatschof","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/bennykarpatschof?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":9729,"name":"Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":88321,"name":"Blood Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Pressure?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":131298,"name":"Heart rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_rate?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":192564,"name":"Body Mass Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Mass_Index?f_ri=2898"},{"id":227308,"name":"LDL-cholesterol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/LDL-cholesterol?f_ri=2898"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2898"},{"id":291038,"name":"Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pressure?f_ri=2898"},{"id":427258,"name":"Sternum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sternum?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2463800,"name":"Severity of Illness Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Severity_of_Illness_Index?f_ri=2898"},{"id":3647007,"name":"Stress Physiological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_Physiological?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65837792" data-work_id="65837792" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65837792/Patterns_of_illicit_drug_use_and_opioid_abuse_in_patients_with_chronic_pain_at_initial_evaluation_a_prospective_observational_study">Patterns of illicit drug use and opioid abuse in patients with chronic pain at initial evaluation: a prospective, observational study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Over the years, there has been a shift toward the increased reliance on opioids for the treatment of chronic pain. It is well known that some patients do not provide an appropriate history or underestimate their drug intake, and may... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65837792" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Over the years, there has been a shift toward the increased reliance on opioids for the treatment of chronic pain. It is well known that some patients do not provide an appropriate history or underestimate their drug intake, and may exaggerate reported pain levels. Numerous studies have documented the incidence of illicit drug use and abuse of opioids in chronic pain patients. It is not known what proportion of patients have already been exposed to controlled substances prior to presenting for interventional pain management. To evaluate and identify the prevalence of controlled substance use, demographic characteristics, and psychological characteristics of patients presenting for interventional pain management along with illicit drug use. A prospective, observational study. A total of 100 patients presenting at an interventional pain management setting for initial evaluation were evaluated by detailed history and urine drug testing for controlled substance use and illicit drug use....</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65837792" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e617b56bfbd43059a954e83f31bc895d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77261380,"asset_id":65837792,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77261380/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38844593" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LaxmaiahManchikanti">Laxmaiah Manchikanti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38844593" type="text/json">{"id":38844593,"first_name":"Laxmaiah","last_name":"Manchikanti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LaxmaiahManchikanti","display_name":"Laxmaiah Manchikanti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LaxmaiahManchikanti?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38844593/70871785/59302964/s65_laxmaiah.manchikanti.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65837792 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65837792"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65837792, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65837792", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_65837792 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65837792; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_65837792"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_65837792 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="65837792"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65837792; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65837792]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65837792").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65837792").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65837792"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65837792]'), work: {"id":65837792,"title":"Patterns of illicit drug use and opioid abuse in patients with chronic pain at initial evaluation: a prospective, observational study","created_at":"2021-12-24T04:13:41.545-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65837792/Patterns_of_illicit_drug_use_and_opioid_abuse_in_patients_with_chronic_pain_at_initial_evaluation_a_prospective_observational_study?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_65837792","summary":"Over the years, there has been a shift toward the increased reliance on opioids for the treatment of chronic pain. It is well known that some patients do not provide an appropriate history or underestimate their drug intake, and may exaggerate reported pain levels. Numerous studies have documented the incidence of illicit drug use and abuse of opioids in chronic pain patients. It is not known what proportion of patients have already been exposed to controlled substances prior to presenting for interventional pain management. To evaluate and identify the prevalence of controlled substance use, demographic characteristics, and psychological characteristics of patients presenting for interventional pain management along with illicit drug use. A prospective, observational study. A total of 100 patients presenting at an interventional pain management setting for initial evaluation were evaluated by detailed history and urine drug testing for controlled substance use and illicit drug use....","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77261380,"asset_id":65837792,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38844593,"first_name":"Laxmaiah","last_name":"Manchikanti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LaxmaiahManchikanti","display_name":"Laxmaiah Manchikanti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LaxmaiahManchikanti?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38844593/70871785/59302964/s65_laxmaiah.manchikanti.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63813857" data-work_id="63813857" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63813857/A_case_of_spinal_cord_stimulation_in_Raynauds_Phenomenon_can_subthreshold_sensory_stimulation_have_an_effect">A case of spinal cord stimulation in Raynaud's Phenomenon: can subthreshold sensory stimulation have an effect?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Spinal cord stimulation is currently used to treat a variety of chronic intractable painful conditions. We report a case of severe Raynaud&#39;s phenomenon in the hands refractory to conservative treatment and responsive to diagnostic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63813857" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Spinal cord stimulation is currently used to treat a variety of chronic intractable painful conditions. We report a case of severe Raynaud&#39;s phenomenon in the hands refractory to conservative treatment and responsive to diagnostic stellate ganglion block that was effectively treated with a spinal cord stimulator placed in the cervical epidural space. After capturing the affected areas with paresthesias, blood flow in the left hand and fingers significantly improved as evidenced by an increase in skin temperature, a change from cyanotic to pink appearance and concomitant reduction in pain. Moreover, the patient reported that limb ischemia and pain could be managed overnight with stimulation intensities that were below sensory perception thresholds. Thus it seems, at least in the overnight period, paresthesias were not required to maintain pain relief. This case presents a potential divergence between a requirement for paresthesias and pain relief in spinal cord stimulation therap...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63813857" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="750adf5e636c6ee136bef6ab410b62e4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76111040,"asset_id":63813857,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76111040/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39652352" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RamsinBenyamin">Ramsin Benyamin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39652352" type="text/json">{"id":39652352,"first_name":"Ramsin","last_name":"Benyamin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RamsinBenyamin","display_name":"Ramsin Benyamin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RamsinBenyamin?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39652352/67170143/55532838/s65_ramsin.benyamin.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63813857 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63813857"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63813857, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63813857", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_63813857 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63813857; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_63813857"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_63813857 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="63813857"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63813857; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63813857]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63813857").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63813857").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63813857"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management">Pain Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40165" type="text/json">{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63813857]'), work: {"id":63813857,"title":"A case of spinal cord stimulation in Raynaud's Phenomenon: can subthreshold sensory stimulation have an effect?","created_at":"2021-12-10T16:57:25.587-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63813857/A_case_of_spinal_cord_stimulation_in_Raynauds_Phenomenon_can_subthreshold_sensory_stimulation_have_an_effect?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_63813857","summary":"Spinal cord stimulation is currently used to treat a variety of chronic intractable painful conditions. We report a case of severe Raynaud\u0026#39;s phenomenon in the hands refractory to conservative treatment and responsive to diagnostic stellate ganglion block that was effectively treated with a spinal cord stimulator placed in the cervical epidural space. After capturing the affected areas with paresthesias, blood flow in the left hand and fingers significantly improved as evidenced by an increase in skin temperature, a change from cyanotic to pink appearance and concomitant reduction in pain. Moreover, the patient reported that limb ischemia and pain could be managed overnight with stimulation intensities that were below sensory perception thresholds. Thus it seems, at least in the overnight period, paresthesias were not required to maintain pain relief. This case presents a potential divergence between a requirement for paresthesias and pain relief in spinal cord stimulation therap...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76111040,"asset_id":63813857,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39652352,"first_name":"Ramsin","last_name":"Benyamin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RamsinBenyamin","display_name":"Ramsin Benyamin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RamsinBenyamin?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39652352/67170143/55532838/s65_ramsin.benyamin.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":99421,"name":"Spinal Cord","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord?f_ri=2898"},{"id":500368,"name":"Hand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hand?f_ri=2898"},{"id":561969,"name":"PARESTHESIA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PARESTHESIA?f_ri=2898"},{"id":675419,"name":"Sympathetic Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sympathetic_Nervous_System?f_ri=2898"},{"id":846015,"name":"Electrodes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrodes?f_ri=2898"},{"id":976256,"name":"Skin Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin_Temperature?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2256667,"name":"Brachial artery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brachial_artery?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_57813313" data-work_id="57813313" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57813313/Antinociceptive_effects_of_hydroalcoholic_extract_and_essential_oil_of_Zataria_multiflora">Antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of Zataria multiflora</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Side effects of synthetic analgesic drugs in the clinical practice have drawn researchers' attention on developing the herbal medicine as more appropriate analgesic agents. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_57813313" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Side effects of synthetic analgesic drugs in the clinical practice have drawn researchers' attention on developing the herbal medicine as more appropriate analgesic agents. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive effect of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Bryonia dioica (HEBD) on male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 42 adult male rats were divided into 7 groups: control, HEBD (80, 100, and 300 mg/ kg, ip), morphine (1 mg/kg, ip), indomethacin (1 mg/kg, ip), and naloxone (1 mg/kg ip). In order to assess the analgesic effects of the extract, writhing, tail-flick, and formalin tests were used. Also, Tukey post hoc and 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Using writhing, tail-flick, and formalin tests, dramatic antinociceptive effects were observed for HEBD at the dose of 300 mg/kg with P < 0.01. The results of data analysis also revealed that there was no significant difference between indomethacin and dose of 300 mg/ kg of extract in formalin test. LD50 of the plant was 4200 mg/kg. Conclusions: The experimental data verified that HEBD leaves displayed remarkable antinociceptive activity. Furthermore, the nonselective opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone blocked the antinociceptive effect of the extract in all tests, suggesting that HEBD may act both at peripheral and central levels.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/57813313" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d5f59ab2ef46d9497f11ce9c1a667e7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72532135,"asset_id":57813313,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72532135/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27761555" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbbasAliVafaei">Abbas Ali Vafaei</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27761555" type="text/json">{"id":27761555,"first_name":"Abbas Ali","last_name":"Vafaei","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AbbasAliVafaei","display_name":"Abbas Ali Vafaei","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AbbasAliVafaei?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27761555/17932442/17945855/s65_abbas_ali.vafaei.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_57813313 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="57813313"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57813313, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_57813313", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_57813313 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57813313; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_57813313"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_57813313 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57813313"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57813313; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57813313]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_57813313").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_57813313").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="57813313"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4479" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain">Chronic Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4479" type="text/json">{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9334" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammation">Inflammation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9334" type="text/json">{"id":9334,"name":"Inflammation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammation?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=57813313]'), work: {"id":57813313,"title":"Antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of Zataria multiflora","created_at":"2021-10-14T06:57:54.829-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/57813313/Antinociceptive_effects_of_hydroalcoholic_extract_and_essential_oil_of_Zataria_multiflora?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_57813313","summary":"Background: Side effects of synthetic analgesic drugs in the clinical practice have drawn researchers' attention on developing the herbal medicine as more appropriate analgesic agents. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive effect of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Bryonia dioica (HEBD) on male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 42 adult male rats were divided into 7 groups: control, HEBD (80, 100, and 300 mg/ kg, ip), morphine (1 mg/kg, ip), indomethacin (1 mg/kg, ip), and naloxone (1 mg/kg ip). In order to assess the analgesic effects of the extract, writhing, tail-flick, and formalin tests were used. Also, Tukey post hoc and 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Using writhing, tail-flick, and formalin tests, dramatic antinociceptive effects were observed for HEBD at the dose of 300 mg/kg with P \u003c 0.01. The results of data analysis also revealed that there was no significant difference between indomethacin and dose of 300 mg/ kg of extract in formalin test. LD50 of the plant was 4200 mg/kg. Conclusions: The experimental data verified that HEBD leaves displayed remarkable antinociceptive activity. Furthermore, the nonselective opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone blocked the antinociceptive effect of the extract in all tests, suggesting that HEBD may act both at peripheral and central levels.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72532135,"asset_id":57813313,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27761555,"first_name":"Abbas Ali","last_name":"Vafaei","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AbbasAliVafaei","display_name":"Abbas Ali Vafaei","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AbbasAliVafaei?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27761555/17932442/17945855/s65_abbas_ali.vafaei.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":9334,"name":"Inflammation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammation?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":48465,"name":"Essential Oil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Essential_Oil?f_ri=2898"},{"id":57801,"name":"Dexamethasone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dexamethasone?f_ri=2898"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=2898"},{"id":523688,"name":"Fitoterapia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fitoterapia?f_ri=2898"},{"id":819116,"name":"Formaldehyde","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formaldehyde?f_ri=2898"},{"id":956370,"name":"Opioid Receptor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Opioid_Receptor?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1128472,"name":"Naloxone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naloxone?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1225893,"name":"Effective Dose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Effective_Dose?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1445770,"name":"Analgesics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesics?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1631043,"name":"Control Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Group?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1959384,"name":"Formalin Test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formalin_Test?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2114417,"name":"Pain behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_behavior?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2114418,"name":"Borago officinalis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borago_officinalis?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2463257,"name":"Neuralgia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuralgia?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55924337" data-work_id="55924337" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55924337/Naloxone_attenuates_self_abusive_behavior_in_developmentally_disabled_clients">Naloxone attenuates self-abusive behavior in developmentally disabled clients</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The opiate antagonist naloxone was effective in reducing self-abusive behavior in two mentally retarded clients with an extensive history of such behavior. Three doses of naloxone (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 rag) were compared with a vehicle solution... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55924337" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The opiate antagonist naloxone was effective in reducing self-abusive behavior in two mentally retarded clients with an extensive history of such behavior. Three doses of naloxone (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 rag) were compared with a vehicle solution in a double-blind, crossover design. Naloxone greatly attenuated self-abusive episodes in one client and eliminated them entirely in the second client. In addition, use of self-restraining behavior by one client was reduced. The findings suggested that some clients with self-injurious behavior may have disturbances of the endogenous opiate system. Maintenance of self-abuse by tonically elevated pain threshold and~or by the putative addictive characteristics of such behavior was discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55924337" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="080086638947f113105b73c5de88e975" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71563045,"asset_id":55924337,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71563045/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3164025" href="https://uci.academia.edu/JamesSwanson">James Swanson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3164025" type="text/json">{"id":3164025,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Swanson","domain_name":"uci","page_name":"JamesSwanson","display_name":"James Swanson","profile_url":"https://uci.academia.edu/JamesSwanson?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55924337 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55924337"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55924337, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55924337", }); 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Three doses of naloxone (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 rag) were compared with a vehicle solution in a double-blind, crossover design. Naloxone greatly attenuated self-abusive episodes in one client and eliminated them entirely in the second client. In addition, use of self-restraining behavior by one client was reduced. The findings suggested that some clients with self-injurious behavior may have disturbances of the endogenous opiate system. Maintenance of self-abuse by tonically elevated pain threshold and~or by the putative addictive characteristics of such behavior was discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71563045,"asset_id":55924337,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3164025,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Swanson","domain_name":"uci","page_name":"JamesSwanson","display_name":"James Swanson","profile_url":"https://uci.academia.edu/JamesSwanson?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":23868,"name":"Intellectual Disability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Disability?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":96502,"name":"Applied","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":137145,"name":"Developmental disabilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_disabilities?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":233453,"name":"Self-Mutilation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self-Mutilation?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1128472,"name":"Naloxone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naloxone?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1360928,"name":"Endorphins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endorphins?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52133149" data-work_id="52133149" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52133149/Pain_during_childbirth_and_menstruation_A_study_of_locus_of_control">Pain during childbirth and menstruation: A study of locus of control</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52133149" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3abef6fcdb30cbcbd8c37c1211b6877c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69538472,"asset_id":52133149,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69538472/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39616141" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SuzanneSkevington">Suzanne Skevington</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39616141" type="text/json">{"id":39616141,"first_name":"Suzanne","last_name":"Skevington","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SuzanneSkevington","display_name":"Suzanne Skevington","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SuzanneSkevington?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_52133149 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="52133149"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 52133149, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_52133149", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=52133149]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_52133149").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_52133149").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="52133149"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16038" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Menstruation">Menstruation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16038" type="text/json">{"id":16038,"name":"Menstruation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Menstruation?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=52133149]'), work: {"id":52133149,"title":"Pain during childbirth and menstruation: A study of locus of control","created_at":"2021-09-13T05:13:15.229-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/52133149/Pain_during_childbirth_and_menstruation_A_study_of_locus_of_control?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_52133149","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69538472,"asset_id":52133149,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39616141,"first_name":"Suzanne","last_name":"Skevington","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SuzanneSkevington","display_name":"Suzanne Skevington","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SuzanneSkevington?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":16038,"name":"Menstruation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Menstruation?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":86018,"name":"Locus of Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locus_of_Control?f_ri=2898"},{"id":361709,"name":"Psychosomatic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychosomatic?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1283219,"name":"Internal- External Locus of Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internal-_External_Locus_of_Control?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1414499,"name":"Life Change Events","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Change_Events?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2663477,"name":"Personality Inventory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_Inventory?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=2898"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50936231" data-work_id="50936231" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50936231/Sensory_and_Motor_Thresholds_of_Transcutaneous_Electrical_Stimulation_Are_Influenced_by_Gender_and_Age">Sensory and Motor Thresholds of Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation Are Influenced by Gender and Age</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (ES) is a therapeutic procedure used in rehabilitation. However, the effectiveness of it depends on sensory responses to pain and motor control in neuromuscular recruitment, considering... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50936231" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (ES) is a therapeutic procedure used in rehabilitation. However, the effectiveness of it depends on sensory responses to pain and motor control in neuromuscular recruitment, considering the differences related to gender and age of the subjects treated, as well as the intensity and frequency of ES. Objective: To determine the threshold of sensory perception (TSP) and the threshold of motor response (TMR) in young and elderly individuals of both genders. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: General community. Participants: Eighty volunteers with no history of systemic diseases were selected to participate in the study: 40 men and 40 women were subdivided by convenience sampling and age group into young male and female (age 21.6 AE 2.4 years) groups as well as into elderly female and male groups (age 72.6 AE 6.1 years). Interventions: The participants received electrical stimulation (ES) at 5 and 50 Hz, with pulse durations of 20, 100, 400, 1000, and 3000 ms applied on the flexor muscle bellies of the wrist and fingers. Main Outcome Measures: TSP was identified as the first sensation of increased current intensity and TMR as the minimum muscle contraction detected. The results were submitted to analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey's test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: TSP was lower than TMR for all pulse durations, regardless of gender and age. In women, TSP was lower than that in young and elderly men at both frequencies. However, TSP was higher in elderly subjects than in younger subjects at 50 Hz for both genders. Age also affected the TMR, presenting higher thresholds in elderly subjects of both genders at 50 Hz; however the same occurred only in male subjects at 5 Hz. Conclusion: Age and gender interfere directly with ES. These variables should be considered during rehabilitation because they indicate that electrical stimulation in elderly women should be carefully performed, as they have lower thresholds than elderly men when polarized currents are used, and there is a risk of skin lesion because of their high thresholds.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50936231" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="76c5e3aafaa8919a69eee1cc1febe7ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68812843,"asset_id":50936231,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68812843/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32410630" href="https://usp-br.academia.edu/RinaldoGuirro">Rinaldo Guirro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32410630" type="text/json">{"id":32410630,"first_name":"Rinaldo","last_name":"Guirro","domain_name":"usp-br","page_name":"RinaldoGuirro","display_name":"Rinaldo Guirro","profile_url":"https://usp-br.academia.edu/RinaldoGuirro?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50936231 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50936231"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50936231, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50936231", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50936231]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50936231").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50936231").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50936231"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133057" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult">Young Adult</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="133057" type="text/json">{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="289271" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged">Aged</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="289271" type="text/json">{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50936231]'), work: {"id":50936231,"title":"Sensory and Motor Thresholds of Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation Are Influenced by Gender and Age","created_at":"2021-08-19T09:16:26.970-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50936231/Sensory_and_Motor_Thresholds_of_Transcutaneous_Electrical_Stimulation_Are_Influenced_by_Gender_and_Age?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_50936231","summary":"Background: Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (ES) is a therapeutic procedure used in rehabilitation. However, the effectiveness of it depends on sensory responses to pain and motor control in neuromuscular recruitment, considering the differences related to gender and age of the subjects treated, as well as the intensity and frequency of ES. Objective: To determine the threshold of sensory perception (TSP) and the threshold of motor response (TMR) in young and elderly individuals of both genders. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: General community. Participants: Eighty volunteers with no history of systemic diseases were selected to participate in the study: 40 men and 40 women were subdivided by convenience sampling and age group into young male and female (age 21.6 AE 2.4 years) groups as well as into elderly female and male groups (age 72.6 AE 6.1 years). Interventions: The participants received electrical stimulation (ES) at 5 and 50 Hz, with pulse durations of 20, 100, 400, 1000, and 3000 ms applied on the flexor muscle bellies of the wrist and fingers. Main Outcome Measures: TSP was identified as the first sensation of increased current intensity and TMR as the minimum muscle contraction detected. The results were submitted to analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey's test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: TSP was lower than TMR for all pulse durations, regardless of gender and age. In women, TSP was lower than that in young and elderly men at both frequencies. However, TSP was higher in elderly subjects than in younger subjects at 50 Hz for both genders. Age also affected the TMR, presenting higher thresholds in elderly subjects of both genders at 50 Hz; however the same occurred only in male subjects at 5 Hz. Conclusion: Age and gender interfere directly with ES. These variables should be considered during rehabilitation because they indicate that electrical stimulation in elderly women should be carefully performed, as they have lower thresholds than elderly men when polarized currents are used, and there is a risk of skin lesion because of their high thresholds.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68812843,"asset_id":50936231,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32410630,"first_name":"Rinaldo","last_name":"Guirro","domain_name":"usp-br","page_name":"RinaldoGuirro","display_name":"Rinaldo Guirro","profile_url":"https://usp-br.academia.edu/RinaldoGuirro?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":413192,"name":"Sex Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Factors?f_ri=2898"},{"id":546419,"name":"Age Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Factors?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1484871,"name":"Pain Threshold","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Threshold?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50717593" data-work_id="50717593" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50717593/_Low_back_pain_vs_leg_dominant_pain_">[Low back pain vs. leg dominant pain]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There are two patterns of back pain: 1) back-dominant pain and 2) leg pain dominant, greater than back pain. The causes of back pain are very different and numerous, but mostly are due to vertebral, mechanical etiology, and rarely because... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50717593" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There are two patterns of back pain: 1) back-dominant pain and 2) leg pain dominant, greater than back pain. The causes of back pain are very different and numerous, but mostly are due to vertebral, mechanical etiology, and rarely because of non vertebral, visceral etiology. Leg pain greater than back pain is mostly disease of spinal nerve root, generally presented by radicular pain in a dermatomal distribution. Mechanical compression of spinal roots, caused by disc herniation or by spinal stenosis, results in radicular symptoms. Rarely, in about 1% of patients, there are some other reasons except vertebral mechanical cause, like infection, tumor or fracture. There are several causes of pseudoradicular pain like periferal neuropathy, myifascial syndromes, vascular diseases, osteoarthritis. Spondylarthropathies should be taken in cosideration as well. A complete history and physical examination is important to determine further diagnostic evaluation and to provide eficient therapy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50717593" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1f73d632083c2e627ab70f511de386eb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68593058,"asset_id":50717593,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68593058/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="141048867" href="https://stampar.academia.edu/idakovac">ida kovac</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="141048867" type="text/json">{"id":141048867,"first_name":"ida","last_name":"kovac","domain_name":"stampar","page_name":"idakovac","display_name":"ida kovac","profile_url":"https://stampar.academia.edu/idakovac?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50717593 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50717593"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50717593, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50717593", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50717593 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50717593; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50717593"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50717593 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50717593"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50717593; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50717593]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50717593").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50717593").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50717593"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40760" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_back_pain">Low back pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40760" type="text/json">{"id":40760,"name":"Low back pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_back_pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="462777" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leg">Leg</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="462777" type="text/json">{"id":462777,"name":"Leg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leg?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50717593]'), work: {"id":50717593,"title":"[Low back pain vs. leg dominant pain]","created_at":"2021-08-04T05:51:06.019-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50717593/_Low_back_pain_vs_leg_dominant_pain_?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_50717593","summary":"There are two patterns of back pain: 1) back-dominant pain and 2) leg pain dominant, greater than back pain. The causes of back pain are very different and numerous, but mostly are due to vertebral, mechanical etiology, and rarely because of non vertebral, visceral etiology. Leg pain greater than back pain is mostly disease of spinal nerve root, generally presented by radicular pain in a dermatomal distribution. Mechanical compression of spinal roots, caused by disc herniation or by spinal stenosis, results in radicular symptoms. Rarely, in about 1% of patients, there are some other reasons except vertebral mechanical cause, like infection, tumor or fracture. There are several causes of pseudoradicular pain like periferal neuropathy, myifascial syndromes, vascular diseases, osteoarthritis. Spondylarthropathies should be taken in cosideration as well. A complete history and physical examination is important to determine further diagnostic evaluation and to provide eficient therapy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68593058,"asset_id":50717593,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":141048867,"first_name":"ida","last_name":"kovac","domain_name":"stampar","page_name":"idakovac","display_name":"ida kovac","profile_url":"https://stampar.academia.edu/idakovac?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":40760,"name":"Low back pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_back_pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":462777,"name":"Leg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leg?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48016130 coauthored" data-work_id="48016130" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/48016130/Nitrous_oxide_N2O_prevents_latent_pain_sensitization_and_long_term_anxiety_like_behavior_in_pain_and_opioid_experienced_rats">Nitrous oxide (N2O) prevents latent pain sensitization and long-term anxiety-like behavior in pain and opioid-experienced rats</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Improving rehabilitation after a severe tissue injury does not only require a reduction in pain, but also requires alleviation of negative affects, particularly anxiety. Although opioids remain unsurpassed analgesics to relieve moderate... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48016130" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Improving rehabilitation after a severe tissue injury does not only require a reduction in pain, but also requires alleviation of negative affects, particularly anxiety. Although opioids remain unsurpassed analgesics to relieve moderate to severe pain, it has been shown that they also induce latent pain sensitization leading to long-lasting hyperalgesia via N-methyl-D-aspartate-(NMDA)-dependent pronociceptive systems. The present study evaluated the ability of nitrous oxide (N2O), a gas with NMDA antagonist properties, to prevent latent pain sensitization and long-term anxiety-like behavior (ALB) in rats with pain and opioid experiences. On D0, the pro-inflammatory drug carrageenan was injected in one hind paw of rats treated with fentanyl (4x100 microg/kg subcutaneously). Nociceptive threshold was evaluated with the paw pressure vocalization test. Rats were re-exposed to carrageenan or exposed to repeated non-nociceptive environmental stress (NNES) 2-3 weeks later. Rats were also challenged in the elevated plus-maze 2 weeks after fentanyl administration for evaluating ALB. The preventive effects of a single 4 h 50/50% N2O-O2 exposure performed on D0 was evaluated. Fifty percent N2O strongly reduced hyperalgesia induced by a first inflammation and its enhancement by fentanyl, and prevented exaggerated hyperalgesia induced by second inflammatory pain or NNES. Moreover, we provide first evidence that a high fentanyl dose induces long-term ALB 2 weeks after its administration. When associated with fentanyl, 50% N2O prevented such long-term ALB. These results suggest that a single exposure to N2O could improve post-injury pain management and facilitate rehabilitation especially when potent analgesics as opioids have to be used.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48016130" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="110933944" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GuySimonnet">Guy Simonnet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="110933944" type="text/json">{"id":110933944,"first_name":"Guy","last_name":"Simonnet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GuySimonnet","display_name":"Guy Simonnet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GuySimonnet?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/110933944/173347701/163360125/s65_guy.simonnet.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-48016130">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-48016130"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/BaptisteBessi%C3%A8re">Baptiste Bessière</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-48016130'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-48016130').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48016130 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48016130"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48016130; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48016130]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48016130").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48016130").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48016130"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7955" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropharmacology">Neuropharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7955" type="text/json">{"id":7955,"name":"Neuropharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropharmacology?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38676" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety">Anxiety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="38676" type="text/json">{"id":38676,"name":"Anxiety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48016130]'), work: {"id":48016130,"title":"Nitrous oxide (N2O) prevents latent pain sensitization and long-term anxiety-like behavior in pain and opioid-experienced rats","created_at":"2021-05-03T23:03:21.124-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48016130/Nitrous_oxide_N2O_prevents_latent_pain_sensitization_and_long_term_anxiety_like_behavior_in_pain_and_opioid_experienced_rats?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_48016130","summary":"Improving rehabilitation after a severe tissue injury does not only require a reduction in pain, but also requires alleviation of negative affects, particularly anxiety. Although opioids remain unsurpassed analgesics to relieve moderate to severe pain, it has been shown that they also induce latent pain sensitization leading to long-lasting hyperalgesia via N-methyl-D-aspartate-(NMDA)-dependent pronociceptive systems. The present study evaluated the ability of nitrous oxide (N2O), a gas with NMDA antagonist properties, to prevent latent pain sensitization and long-term anxiety-like behavior (ALB) in rats with pain and opioid experiences. On D0, the pro-inflammatory drug carrageenan was injected in one hind paw of rats treated with fentanyl (4x100 microg/kg subcutaneously). Nociceptive threshold was evaluated with the paw pressure vocalization test. Rats were re-exposed to carrageenan or exposed to repeated non-nociceptive environmental stress (NNES) 2-3 weeks later. Rats were also challenged in the elevated plus-maze 2 weeks after fentanyl administration for evaluating ALB. The preventive effects of a single 4 h 50/50% N2O-O2 exposure performed on D0 was evaluated. Fifty percent N2O strongly reduced hyperalgesia induced by a first inflammation and its enhancement by fentanyl, and prevented exaggerated hyperalgesia induced by second inflammatory pain or NNES. Moreover, we provide first evidence that a high fentanyl dose induces long-term ALB 2 weeks after its administration. When associated with fentanyl, 50% N2O prevented such long-term ALB. These results suggest that a single exposure to N2O could improve post-injury pain management and facilitate rehabilitation especially when potent analgesics as opioids have to be used.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":110933944,"first_name":"Guy","last_name":"Simonnet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GuySimonnet","display_name":"Guy Simonnet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GuySimonnet?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/110933944/173347701/163360125/s65_guy.simonnet.png"},{"id":220593780,"first_name":"Baptiste","last_name":"Bessière","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BaptisteBessière","display_name":"Baptiste Bessière","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BaptisteBessi%C3%A8re?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":7955,"name":"Neuropharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropharmacology?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":38676,"name":"Anxiety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=2898"},{"id":69825,"name":"Negative Affect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negative_Affect?f_ri=2898"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=2898"},{"id":387920,"name":"Nitrous Oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrous_Oxide?f_ri=2898"},{"id":564865,"name":"Elevated Plus Maze","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elevated_Plus_Maze?f_ri=2898"},{"id":568422,"name":"Environmental Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Stress?f_ri=2898"},{"id":623821,"name":"ANXIETY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ANXIETY-1?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1223924,"name":"Fentanyl","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fentanyl?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1262481,"name":"Pain Measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Measurement?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1361128,"name":"Inflammatory Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammatory_Pain?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1446320,"name":"Hyperalgesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hyperalgesia?f_ri=2898"},{"id":3647007,"name":"Stress Physiological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_Physiological?f_ri=2898"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47277626" data-work_id="47277626" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47277626/Is_palliative_resection_of_the_primary_tumour_in_the_presence_of_advanced_rectal_cancer_a_safe_and_useful_technique_for_symptom_control">Is palliative resection of the primary tumour, in the presence of advanced rectal cancer, a safe and useful technique for symptom control?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Introduction: At some time, every general surgeon will be faced with the task of trying to decide what to do with a patient who presents with rectal cancer and unresectable distant metastases. How safe is resectional surgery? What sort of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47277626" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Introduction: At some time, every general surgeon will be faced with the task of trying to decide what to do with a patient who presents with rectal cancer and unresectable distant metastases. How safe is resectional surgery? What sort of palliation may be expected following resection of the primary tumour? In an attempt to answer these questions, the management and outcomes of all patients with rectal cancer and distant metastases, who were primarily referred to the colorectal unit at King Faisal Specialist Hospital were examined. Methods: All patients who underwent primary surgery for rectal cancer in the presence of metastatic disease were identified. The charts of these patients were examined and their morbidity, mortality and survival were determined. Results: Over an 8-year period 22 patients (average age 54 years) underwent rectal resectional surgery in the presence of metastatic disease. There were 13 men and nine women. The commonest complaint was rectal bleeding. All patients had chest radiographs. Pulmonary metastases were identified in four patients. Nineteen abdominal and pelvic computed tomography scans were performed and eight showed evidence of metastases. Skeletal radiographs in two patients showed evidence of bone metastasis. At operation, intraperitoneal metastases were found in 18 patients. Nine of these were not identified preoperatively. Six patients underwent abdomino-perineal resection, nine anterior resection and seven a Hartmann's procedure. Eight patients developed a significant postoperative complication and one died 42 days after surgery. The mean length of hospital stay was 18.6 days. Nine patients received preoperative radiotherapy. Four patients had palliative radiotherapy, two for bony, one for liver and one for peritoneal metastases. Patients were followed up for a mean of 1.1 years. During follow up, 11 returned to the emergency room on 24 occasions. Two patients required readmission. No patient had further rectal bleeding. The mean survival was 1.3 years. Conclusion: Patients with rectal cancer and unresectable distant metastases can be successfully palliated by resection of the primary tumour with low morbidity and mortality. The early involvement of a palliative care team facilitates patient management and helps patients enjoy what remains of the rest of their lives at home, in comfort and with good symptom control.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47277626" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c5f10c6cbb3f86fc98f0de1d47e49c0c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66455019,"asset_id":47277626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66455019/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42433889" href="https://otago.academia.edu/WilliamIsbister">William Isbister</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42433889" type="text/json">{"id":42433889,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Isbister","domain_name":"otago","page_name":"WilliamIsbister","display_name":"William Isbister","profile_url":"https://otago.academia.edu/WilliamIsbister?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47277626 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47277626"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47277626, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47277626", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47277626 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47277626; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47277626"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47277626 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47277626"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47277626; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47277626]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47277626").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47277626").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47277626"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4482" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care">Palliative Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4482" type="text/json">{"id":4482,"name":"Palliative Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137516" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies">Follow-up studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="137516" type="text/json">{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47277626]'), work: {"id":47277626,"title":"Is palliative resection of the primary tumour, in the presence of advanced rectal cancer, a safe and useful technique for symptom control?","created_at":"2021-04-21T10:03:06.477-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47277626/Is_palliative_resection_of_the_primary_tumour_in_the_presence_of_advanced_rectal_cancer_a_safe_and_useful_technique_for_symptom_control?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_47277626","summary":"Introduction: At some time, every general surgeon will be faced with the task of trying to decide what to do with a patient who presents with rectal cancer and unresectable distant metastases. How safe is resectional surgery? What sort of palliation may be expected following resection of the primary tumour? In an attempt to answer these questions, the management and outcomes of all patients with rectal cancer and distant metastases, who were primarily referred to the colorectal unit at King Faisal Specialist Hospital were examined. Methods: All patients who underwent primary surgery for rectal cancer in the presence of metastatic disease were identified. The charts of these patients were examined and their morbidity, mortality and survival were determined. Results: Over an 8-year period 22 patients (average age 54 years) underwent rectal resectional surgery in the presence of metastatic disease. There were 13 men and nine women. The commonest complaint was rectal bleeding. All patients had chest radiographs. Pulmonary metastases were identified in four patients. Nineteen abdominal and pelvic computed tomography scans were performed and eight showed evidence of metastases. Skeletal radiographs in two patients showed evidence of bone metastasis. At operation, intraperitoneal metastases were found in 18 patients. Nine of these were not identified preoperatively. Six patients underwent abdomino-perineal resection, nine anterior resection and seven a Hartmann's procedure. Eight patients developed a significant postoperative complication and one died 42 days after surgery. The mean length of hospital stay was 18.6 days. Nine patients received preoperative radiotherapy. Four patients had palliative radiotherapy, two for bony, one for liver and one for peritoneal metastases. Patients were followed up for a mean of 1.1 years. During follow up, 11 returned to the emergency room on 24 occasions. Two patients required readmission. No patient had further rectal bleeding. The mean survival was 1.3 years. Conclusion: Patients with rectal cancer and unresectable distant metastases can be successfully palliated by resection of the primary tumour with low morbidity and mortality. The early involvement of a palliative care team facilitates patient management and helps patients enjoy what remains of the rest of their lives at home, in comfort and with good symptom control.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66455019,"asset_id":47277626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42433889,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Isbister","domain_name":"otago","page_name":"WilliamIsbister","display_name":"William Isbister","profile_url":"https://otago.academia.edu/WilliamIsbister?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":4482,"name":"Palliative Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2898"},{"id":424295,"name":"Survival Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survival_Rate?f_ri=2898"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1364868,"name":"Rectal Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rectal_Cancer?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2463621,"name":"Postoperative Complications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postoperative_Complications?f_ri=2898"},{"id":3602969,"name":"Neoplasm metastasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasm_metastasis?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32992570" data-work_id="32992570" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32992570/Pain_in_the_brain_and_lower_parts_of_the_anatomy">Pain in the brain and lower parts of the anatomy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32992570" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6fbedefcbe418220f28520855dacab44" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53109695,"asset_id":32992570,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53109695/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9335125" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WallPatrick">Patrick Wall</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9335125" type="text/json">{"id":9335125,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Wall","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WallPatrick","display_name":"Patrick Wall","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WallPatrick?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32992570 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32992570"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32992570, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32992570", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32992570 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32992570; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32992570"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32992570 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32992570"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32992570; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32992570]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32992570").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32992570").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32992570"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61474" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain">Brain</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61474" type="text/json">{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32992570]'), work: {"id":32992570,"title":"Pain in the brain and lower parts of the anatomy","created_at":"2017-05-12T20:10:26.071-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32992570/Pain_in_the_brain_and_lower_parts_of_the_anatomy?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_32992570","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53109695,"asset_id":32992570,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9335125,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Wall","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WallPatrick","display_name":"Patrick Wall","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WallPatrick?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31314207" data-work_id="31314207" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31314207/Conditioned_response_models_of_placebo_phenomena_further_support">Conditioned response models of placebo phenomena: further support</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">and attempted to extend and replicate the fmding that placebo responses can be conditioned in human subjects. Two groups of 10 subjects were told that they were receiving an analgesic which was in fact a placebo. During the conditionin&... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31314207" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">and attempted to extend and replicate the fmding that placebo responses can be conditioned in human subjects. Two groups of 10 subjects were told that they were receiving an analgesic which was in fact a placebo. During the conditionin& placebo administration was surreptitiously paired with an increase in the painful stimulus for half of the subjects and withadecrease for the other half. Subjects were tested pre and post conditioning for a placebo response. A second type of experimental pain was also used to determine stimulus generalization. The results confumed a previous finding that placebo responses can be conditioned in human subjects. The implications for clinical practice of a 1 earning model of placebo behavior are discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31314207" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="583f6138dfea1a1f2909f0230243f489" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51706193,"asset_id":31314207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51706193/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="59781864" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ColemanGrahame">Grahame Coleman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="59781864" type="text/json">{"id":59781864,"first_name":"Grahame","last_name":"Coleman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ColemanGrahame","display_name":"Grahame Coleman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ColemanGrahame?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31314207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31314207"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31314207, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31314207", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31314207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31314207; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31314207"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31314207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31314207"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31314207; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31314207]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31314207").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31314207").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31314207"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58514" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Conditioning">Classical Conditioning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="58514" type="text/json">{"id":58514,"name":"Classical Conditioning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Conditioning?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="158052" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Placebos">Placebos</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="158052" type="text/json">{"id":158052,"name":"Placebos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Placebos?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1445770" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesics">Analgesics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1445770" type="text/json">{"id":1445770,"name":"Analgesics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesics?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31314207]'), work: {"id":31314207,"title":"Conditioned response models of placebo phenomena: further support","created_at":"2017-02-08T15:41:40.818-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31314207/Conditioned_response_models_of_placebo_phenomena_further_support?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_31314207","summary":"and attempted to extend and replicate the fmding that placebo responses can be conditioned in human subjects. Two groups of 10 subjects were told that they were receiving an analgesic which was in fact a placebo. During the conditionin\u0026 placebo administration was surreptitiously paired with an increase in the painful stimulus for half of the subjects and withadecrease for the other half. Subjects were tested pre and post conditioning for a placebo response. A second type of experimental pain was also used to determine stimulus generalization. The results confumed a previous finding that placebo responses can be conditioned in human subjects. The implications for clinical practice of a 1 earning model of placebo behavior are discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51706193,"asset_id":31314207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":59781864,"first_name":"Grahame","last_name":"Coleman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ColemanGrahame","display_name":"Grahame Coleman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ColemanGrahame?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":58514,"name":"Classical Conditioning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Conditioning?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":158052,"name":"Placebos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Placebos?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":1445770,"name":"Analgesics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesics?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6400621" data-work_id="6400621" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6400621/Upper_extremity_pain_after_spinal_cord_injury">Upper extremity pain after spinal cord injury</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) may complain of upper extremity (UE) pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and severity of UE pain as well as its association with functional activities. Types of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6400621" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) may complain of upper extremity (UE) pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and severity of UE pain as well as its association with functional activities. Types of treatments that SCI patients received for UE pain and the bene®ts of these treatments were also identi®ed. Study design and methods: A questionnaire of demographic variables and measures of UE pain intensity, location, treatment, and interference with functional activities was mailed to 170 persons with SCI. Data was analyzed by descriptive and comparative statistics. Results: Of the 130 persons who responded, 76 (58.5%) (38 paraplegic, 38 tetraplegic patients) reported UE pain: 71% had shoulder pain, 53% wrist pain, 43% hand pain, and 35% elbow pain. Pain interfered with transfers in 65% (36/55) of the patients who were doing them. Of ten functional activities, pain was more likely to be associated with pressure reliefs, transfers, and wheelchair mobility. Sixty-three per cent sought medical treatment for pain, and of those, 90% received either physical therapy, pharmacological treatment or massage. Although only 27% had wheelchair or home modi®cation or joint protection education, these approaches were helpful for almost all and very helpful or extremely helpful in 26.6% and 63.6% of the patients, respectively. Conclusion: UE pain is a common problem in individuals with SCI and has impact on daily activities. UE pain prevention and management programs are needed for SCI patients.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6400621" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e9f2e2153c3a58cbade5ba878bbbe14d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48884651,"asset_id":6400621,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48884651/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10056075" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DianaCardenas1">Diana Cardenas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10056075" type="text/json">{"id":10056075,"first_name":"Diana","last_name":"Cardenas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DianaCardenas1","display_name":"Diana Cardenas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DianaCardenas1?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10056075/3441086/4045607/s65_diana.cardenas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6400621 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6400621"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6400621, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6400621", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6400621 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6400621; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6400621"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6400621 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6400621"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6400621; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6400621]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6400621").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6400621").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6400621"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22824" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Injury">Spinal Cord Injury</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22824" type="text/json">{"id":22824,"name":"Spinal Cord Injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Injury?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32473" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Therapy">Physical Therapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32473" type="text/json">{"id":32473,"name":"Physical Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Therapy?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63881" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paraplegia">Paraplegia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="63881" type="text/json">{"id":63881,"name":"Paraplegia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paraplegia?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6400621]'), work: {"id":6400621,"title":"Upper extremity pain after spinal cord injury","created_at":"2014-03-13T09:28:50.366-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6400621/Upper_extremity_pain_after_spinal_cord_injury?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_6400621","summary":"Objective: Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) may complain of upper extremity (UE) pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and severity of UE pain as well as its association with functional activities. Types of treatments that SCI patients received for UE pain and the bene®ts of these treatments were also identi®ed. Study design and methods: A questionnaire of demographic variables and measures of UE pain intensity, location, treatment, and interference with functional activities was mailed to 170 persons with SCI. Data was analyzed by descriptive and comparative statistics. Results: Of the 130 persons who responded, 76 (58.5%) (38 paraplegic, 38 tetraplegic patients) reported UE pain: 71% had shoulder pain, 53% wrist pain, 43% hand pain, and 35% elbow pain. Pain interfered with transfers in 65% (36/55) of the patients who were doing them. Of ten functional activities, pain was more likely to be associated with pressure reliefs, transfers, and wheelchair mobility. Sixty-three per cent sought medical treatment for pain, and of those, 90% received either physical therapy, pharmacological treatment or massage. Although only 27% had wheelchair or home modi®cation or joint protection education, these approaches were helpful for almost all and very helpful or extremely helpful in 26.6% and 63.6% of the patients, respectively. Conclusion: UE pain is a common problem in individuals with SCI and has impact on daily activities. UE pain prevention and management programs are needed for SCI patients.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48884651,"asset_id":6400621,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10056075,"first_name":"Diana","last_name":"Cardenas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DianaCardenas1","display_name":"Diana Cardenas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DianaCardenas1?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10056075/3441086/4045607/s65_diana.cardenas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":22824,"name":"Spinal Cord Injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Injury?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":32473,"name":"Physical Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Therapy?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":63881,"name":"Paraplegia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paraplegia?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":99421,"name":"Spinal Cord","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord?f_ri=2898"},{"id":128538,"name":"Arm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arm?f_ri=2898"},{"id":174502,"name":"Incidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence?f_ri=2898"},{"id":237853,"name":"SHOULDER PAIN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SHOULDER_PAIN?f_ri=2898"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2898"},{"id":291259,"name":"Quadriplegia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quadriplegia?f_ri=2898"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=2898"},{"id":489727,"name":"Prognosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prognosis?f_ri=2898"},{"id":538554,"name":"Study design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Study_design?f_ri=2898"},{"id":780852,"name":"Upper Extremity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_Extremity?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1011135,"name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Injuries?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1262481,"name":"Pain Measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Measurement?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1881146,"name":"Medical Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Treatment?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26704302" data-work_id="26704302" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26704302/Lumbar_sympathectomy_failed_to_reverse_mechanical_allodynia_and_hyperalgesia_like_behavior_in_rats_with_L5_spinal_nerve_injury">Lumbar sympathectomy failed to reverse mechanical allodynia- and hyperalgesia-like behavior in rats with L5 spinal nerve injury</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The L5 spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain in rats has been proposed as a model for sympathetically maintained pain (SMP) based on the effects of surgical or chemical sympathectomy on nerve injury induced behavior. In an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26704302" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The L5 spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain in rats has been proposed as a model for sympathetically maintained pain (SMP) based on the effects of surgical or chemical sympathectomy on nerve injury induced behavior. In an attempt to confirm that the lesion produces an animal model of SMP, surgical sympathectomies were independently conducted in two different laboratories (Johns Hopkins and University Kiel) using male Sprague-Dawley (n = 30) or Wistar rats (n = 14). The L5 spinal nerve was ligated or cut and ligated. Using von Frey hairs, paw withdrawal threshold and incidence of paw withdrawal were tested concurrently before and after the sympathectomy. The sympathectomy was either verified by (a) glyoxylic acid staining of peripheral blood vessels of the hindpaw or (b) skin temperature measurements of the hindpaws. To blind the experimenter, surgeries and behavioral tests were performed by two different investigators and a sham sympathectomy was performed at Johns Hopkins. Decreased paw withdrawal thresholds and increased frequencies of paw withdrawal on the lesioned side were observed after the L5 lesion. Thus, the L5 spinal nerve ligation resulted in behavioral signs of allodynia and hyperalgesia to mechanical stimuli. Lumbar surgical sympathectomy 1-3 weeks after the lesion or prior to lesion with bilateral removal of the sympathetic ganglia L2-L4, however, did not reverse or prevent the behavioral changes induced by the nerve injury. The lack of effect of the sympathectomies was independent of the testing paradigm used. Experiments in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats yielded the same results. Potential reasons for the discrepancies between the present study and earlier reports are discussed. These results indicate that an L5 spinal nerve injury rat model is not a reliable model for SMP. © 1999 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26704302" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="210b28ab5c140398e95540fb45f7cb2f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46986099,"asset_id":26704302,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46986099/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32526811" href="https://johnshopkins.academia.edu/SrinivasaRaja">Srinivasa Raja</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32526811" type="text/json">{"id":32526811,"first_name":"Srinivasa","last_name":"Raja","domain_name":"johnshopkins","page_name":"SrinivasaRaja","display_name":"Srinivasa Raja","profile_url":"https://johnshopkins.academia.edu/SrinivasaRaja?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26704302 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26704302"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26704302, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26704302", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26704302 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26704302; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26704302"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26704302 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26704302"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26704302; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26704302]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26704302").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26704302").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26704302"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropathic_pain">Neuropathic pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="83200" type="text/json">{"id":83200,"name":"Neuropathic pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropathic_pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134627" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior_change">Behavior change</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="134627" type="text/json">{"id":134627,"name":"Behavior change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior_change?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26704302]'), work: {"id":26704302,"title":"Lumbar sympathectomy failed to reverse mechanical allodynia- and hyperalgesia-like behavior in rats with L5 spinal nerve injury","created_at":"2016-07-03T15:51:06.934-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26704302/Lumbar_sympathectomy_failed_to_reverse_mechanical_allodynia_and_hyperalgesia_like_behavior_in_rats_with_L5_spinal_nerve_injury?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_26704302","summary":"The L5 spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain in rats has been proposed as a model for sympathetically maintained pain (SMP) based on the effects of surgical or chemical sympathectomy on nerve injury induced behavior. In an attempt to confirm that the lesion produces an animal model of SMP, surgical sympathectomies were independently conducted in two different laboratories (Johns Hopkins and University Kiel) using male Sprague-Dawley (n = 30) or Wistar rats (n = 14). The L5 spinal nerve was ligated or cut and ligated. Using von Frey hairs, paw withdrawal threshold and incidence of paw withdrawal were tested concurrently before and after the sympathectomy. The sympathectomy was either verified by (a) glyoxylic acid staining of peripheral blood vessels of the hindpaw or (b) skin temperature measurements of the hindpaws. To blind the experimenter, surgeries and behavioral tests were performed by two different investigators and a sham sympathectomy was performed at Johns Hopkins. Decreased paw withdrawal thresholds and increased frequencies of paw withdrawal on the lesioned side were observed after the L5 lesion. Thus, the L5 spinal nerve ligation resulted in behavioral signs of allodynia and hyperalgesia to mechanical stimuli. Lumbar surgical sympathectomy 1-3 weeks after the lesion or prior to lesion with bilateral removal of the sympathetic ganglia L2-L4, however, did not reverse or prevent the behavioral changes induced by the nerve injury. The lack of effect of the sympathectomies was independent of the testing paradigm used. Experiments in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats yielded the same results. Potential reasons for the discrepancies between the present study and earlier reports are discussed. These results indicate that an L5 spinal nerve injury rat model is not a reliable model for SMP. © 1999 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46986099,"asset_id":26704302,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32526811,"first_name":"Srinivasa","last_name":"Raja","domain_name":"johnshopkins","page_name":"SrinivasaRaja","display_name":"Srinivasa Raja","profile_url":"https://johnshopkins.academia.edu/SrinivasaRaja?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":83200,"name":"Neuropathic pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropathic_pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":134627,"name":"Behavior change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior_change?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":151951,"name":"Animal Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Model?f_ri=2898"},{"id":162553,"name":"Skin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin?f_ri=2898"},{"id":330045,"name":"Reliability Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reliability_Modeling?f_ri=2898"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=2898"},{"id":564879,"name":"Wistar Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wistar_Rats?f_ri=2898"},{"id":675419,"name":"Sympathetic Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sympathetic_Nervous_System?f_ri=2898"},{"id":732354,"name":"Rat Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rat_Model?f_ri=2898"},{"id":976256,"name":"Skin Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin_Temperature?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1159931,"name":"Spinal Nerves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Nerves?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1262481,"name":"Pain Measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Measurement?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1446320,"name":"Hyperalgesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hyperalgesia?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1832813,"name":"Nerve Injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nerve_Injury?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26481790" data-work_id="26481790" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26481790/Migraine_and_tension_headache_in_children_under_6_years_of_age">Migraine and tension headache in children under 6 years of age</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective. To investigate the clinical features of idiopathic headache with early onset, whose presence is probably underestimated by parents and physicians and the influence of environmental and psychological factors on headache in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26481790" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective. To investigate the clinical features of idiopathic headache with early onset, whose presence is probably underestimated by parents and physicians and the influence of environmental and psychological factors on headache in children.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26481790" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="425142c59df80a3ff43af8a2579193ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46777413,"asset_id":26481790,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46777413/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50441559" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GiovanniPitillo">Giovanni Pitillo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50441559" type="text/json">{"id":50441559,"first_name":"Giovanni","last_name":"Pitillo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GiovanniPitillo","display_name":"Giovanni Pitillo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GiovanniPitillo?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26481790 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26481790"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26481790, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26481790", }); 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Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Factors?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1423006,"name":"General Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Population?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2345130,"name":"Socioeconomic Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Factors?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15763244" data-work_id="15763244" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15763244/The_COMFORT_Behavior_scale_is_useful_to_assess_pain_and_distress_in_0_to_3_year_old_children_with_Down_syndrome">The COMFORT-Behavior scale is useful to assess pain and distress in 0- to 3-year-old children with Down syndrome</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Many pediatric intensive care units use the COMFORT-Behavior scale (COMFORT-B) to assess pain in 0-to 3-year-old children. The objective of this study was to determine whether this scale is also valid for the assessment of pain in 0-to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15763244" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Many pediatric intensive care units use the COMFORT-Behavior scale (COMFORT-B) to assess pain in 0-to 3-year-old children. The objective of this study was to determine whether this scale is also valid for the assessment of pain in 0-to 3-year-old children with Down syndrome. These children often undergo cardiac or intestinal surgery early in life and therefore admission to a pediatric intensive care unit. Seventysix patients with Down syndrome were included and 466 without Down syndrome. Pain was regularly assessed with the COMFORT-B scale and the pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). For either group, confirmatory factor analyses revealed a 1-factor model. Internal consistency between COMFORT-B items was good (Cronbach's a = 0.84-0.87). Cutoff values for the COMFORT-B set at 17 or higher discriminated between pain (NRS pain of 4 or higher) and no pain (NRS pain below 4) in both groups. We concluded that the COMFORT-B scale is also valid for 0-to 3-year-old children with Down syndrome. This makes it even more useful in the pediatric intensive care unit setting, doing away with the need to apply another instrument for those children younger than 3. Ó</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15763244" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9c060191f83415934d6414128caee3dd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42901764,"asset_id":15763244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42901764/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34954418" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ErwinIsta">Erwin Ista</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34954418" type="text/json">{"id":34954418,"first_name":"Erwin","last_name":"Ista","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ErwinIsta","display_name":"Erwin Ista","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ErwinIsta?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15763244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15763244"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15763244, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15763244", }); 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The objective of this study was to determine whether this scale is also valid for the assessment of pain in 0-to 3-year-old children with Down syndrome. These children often undergo cardiac or intestinal surgery early in life and therefore admission to a pediatric intensive care unit. Seventysix patients with Down syndrome were included and 466 without Down syndrome. Pain was regularly assessed with the COMFORT-B scale and the pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). For either group, confirmatory factor analyses revealed a 1-factor model. Internal consistency between COMFORT-B items was good (Cronbach's a = 0.84-0.87). Cutoff values for the COMFORT-B set at 17 or higher discriminated between pain (NRS pain of 4 or higher) and no pain (NRS pain below 4) in both groups. We concluded that the COMFORT-B scale is also valid for 0-to 3-year-old children with Down syndrome. This makes it even more useful in the pediatric intensive care unit setting, doing away with the need to apply another instrument for those children younger than 3. Ó","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42901764,"asset_id":15763244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34954418,"first_name":"Erwin","last_name":"Ista","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ErwinIsta","display_name":"Erwin Ista","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ErwinIsta?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":37413,"name":"Down Syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Down_Syndrome?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":57810,"name":"Child Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Behavior?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":94234,"name":"INTENSIVE CARE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/INTENSIVE_CARE?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":104428,"name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confirmatory_factor_analysis?f_ri=2898"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=2898"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=2898"},{"id":514741,"name":"Five Factor Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Five_Factor_Model?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1262481,"name":"Pain Measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Measurement?f_ri=2898"},{"id":2201015,"name":"Postoperative care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postoperative_care?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21294832" data-work_id="21294832" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21294832/Pain_assessment_in_special_patient_groups_like_dementia_at_the_finishing_line_or_just_starting_from_scratch">Pain assessment in special patient groups like dementia: at the finishing line or just starting from scratch?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21294832" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aa9a0af464b34adefda6eb2a689eb09d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41803365,"asset_id":21294832,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41803365/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33059483" href="https://bamberg.academia.edu/StefanLautenbacher">Stefan Lautenbacher</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33059483" type="text/json">{"id":33059483,"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Lautenbacher","domain_name":"bamberg","page_name":"StefanLautenbacher","display_name":"Stefan Lautenbacher","profile_url":"https://bamberg.academia.edu/StefanLautenbacher?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21294832 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21294832"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21294832, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21294832", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21294832]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21294832").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21294832").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21294832"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21294832]'), work: {"id":21294832,"title":"Pain assessment in special patient groups like dementia: at the finishing line or just starting from scratch?","created_at":"2016-01-31T05:22:12.615-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21294832/Pain_assessment_in_special_patient_groups_like_dementia_at_the_finishing_line_or_just_starting_from_scratch?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_21294832","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41803365,"asset_id":21294832,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33059483,"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Lautenbacher","domain_name":"bamberg","page_name":"StefanLautenbacher","display_name":"Stefan Lautenbacher","profile_url":"https://bamberg.academia.edu/StefanLautenbacher?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19955599" data-work_id="19955599" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19955599/SPA_therapy_in_fibromyalgia_a_randomised_controlled_clinic_study">SPA therapy in fibromyalgia: a randomised controlled clinic study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of balneotherapy in fibromyalgia management. Fifty women with fibromyalgia under pharmacological treatment were randomly assigned to either the balneotherapy (25) or the control (25) group. Four... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19955599" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of balneotherapy in fibromyalgia management. Fifty women with fibromyalgia under pharmacological treatment were randomly assigned to either the balneotherapy (25) or the control (25) group. Four patients from the balneotherapy group and one patient from the control group left the study after randomization. The patients in the balneotherapy group (21) had 2 thermomineral water baths daily for 2 weeks in Tuzla Spa Center. The patients in the control group (24) continued to have their medical treatment and routine daily life. An investigator who was blinded to the study arms assessed the patients. All patients were assessed four times; at the beginning of the study, at the end of the 2nd week, the 1st month, and the 3rd month after balneotherapy. Outcome measures of the study were pain intensity, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), patient's global assessment, investigator's global assessment, SF-36 scores, and tender point count. Balneotherapy was found to be superior at the end of the cure period in terms of pain intensity, FIQ, Beck Depression Inventory, patient's global assessment, investigator's global assessment scores, and tender point count as compared to the control group. The superiority of balneotherapy lasted up to the end of the 3rd month, except for the Beck Depression Inventory score and the investigator's global assessment score. Significant improvements were observed in PF, GH, and MH subscales of SF-36 during the study period in the balneotherapy group; however, no such improvement was observed in the control group. Balneotherapy was superior only in VT subscale at the end of therapy and at the end of the third month after the therapy as compared to the controls. It was concluded that balneotherapy provides beneficial effects in patients with fibromyalgia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19955599" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a771949733c78ea09e0cb904a0153dd2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41217981,"asset_id":19955599,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41217981/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40823086" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArifDonmez">Arif Donmez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40823086" type="text/json">{"id":40823086,"first_name":"Arif","last_name":"Donmez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ArifDonmez","display_name":"Arif Donmez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArifDonmez?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19955599 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19955599"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19955599, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19955599", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19955599 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19955599; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19955599"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19955599 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19955599"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19955599; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19955599]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19955599").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19955599").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19955599"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="645" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rheumatology">Rheumatology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="645" type="text/json">{"id":645,"name":"Rheumatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rheumatology?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression">Depression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3217" type="text/json">{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19955599]'), work: {"id":19955599,"title":"SPA therapy in fibromyalgia: a randomised controlled clinic study","created_at":"2016-01-02T00:41:26.518-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19955599/SPA_therapy_in_fibromyalgia_a_randomised_controlled_clinic_study?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_19955599","summary":"We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of balneotherapy in fibromyalgia management. Fifty women with fibromyalgia under pharmacological treatment were randomly assigned to either the balneotherapy (25) or the control (25) group. Four patients from the balneotherapy group and one patient from the control group left the study after randomization. The patients in the balneotherapy group (21) had 2 thermomineral water baths daily for 2 weeks in Tuzla Spa Center. The patients in the control group (24) continued to have their medical treatment and routine daily life. An investigator who was blinded to the study arms assessed the patients. All patients were assessed four times; at the beginning of the study, at the end of the 2nd week, the 1st month, and the 3rd month after balneotherapy. Outcome measures of the study were pain intensity, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), patient's global assessment, investigator's global assessment, SF-36 scores, and tender point count. Balneotherapy was found to be superior at the end of the cure period in terms of pain intensity, FIQ, Beck Depression Inventory, patient's global assessment, investigator's global assessment scores, and tender point count as compared to the control group. The superiority of balneotherapy lasted up to the end of the 3rd month, except for the Beck Depression Inventory score and the investigator's global assessment score. Significant improvements were observed in PF, GH, and MH subscales of SF-36 during the study period in the balneotherapy group; however, no such improvement was observed in the control group. Balneotherapy was superior only in VT subscale at the end of therapy and at the end of the third month after the therapy as compared to the controls. It was concluded that balneotherapy provides beneficial effects in patients with fibromyalgia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41217981,"asset_id":19955599,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40823086,"first_name":"Arif","last_name":"Donmez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ArifDonmez","display_name":"Arif Donmez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArifDonmez?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":645,"name":"Rheumatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rheumatology?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":23076,"name":"Fatigue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fatigue?f_ri=2898"},{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=2898"},{"id":88061,"name":"Fibromyalgia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fibromyalgia?f_ri=2898"},{"id":106431,"name":"Sleep disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep_disorders?f_ri=2898"},{"id":195969,"name":"Beck Depression Inventory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beck_Depression_Inventory?f_ri=2898"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2898"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=2898"},{"id":546356,"name":"Clinical Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Study?f_ri=2898"},{"id":690358,"name":"Balneology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balneology?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1631043,"name":"Control Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Group?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1881146,"name":"Medical Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Treatment?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17831945" data-work_id="17831945" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17831945/Therapeutic_efficacy_of_undenatured_type_II_collagen_UC_II_in_comparison_to_glucosamine_and_chondroitin_in_arthritic_horses">Therapeutic efficacy of undenatured type-II collagen (UC-II) in comparison to glucosamine and chondroitin in arthritic horses</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">efficacy of undenatured type-II collagen (UC-II) in comparison to glucosamine and chondroitin in arthritic horses. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 32,[577][578][579][580][581][582][583][584] The present investigation evaluated arthritic pain... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17831945" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">efficacy of undenatured type-II collagen (UC-II) in comparison to glucosamine and chondroitin in arthritic horses. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 32,[577][578][579][580][581][582][583][584] The present investigation evaluated arthritic pain in horses receiving daily placebo, undenatured type II collagen (UC-II) at 320, 480, or 640 mg (providing 80, 120, and 160 mg active UC-II, respectively), and glucosamine and chondroitin (5.4 and 1.8 g, respectively, bid for the first month, and thereafter once daily) for 150 days. Horses were evaluated for overall pain, pain upon limb manipulation, physical examination, and liver and kidney functions. Evaluation of overall pain was based upon a consistent observation of all subjects during a walk and a trot in the same pattern on the same surface. Pain upon limb manipulation was conducted after the walk and trot. It consisted of placing the affected joint in severe flexion for a period of 60 sec. The limb was then placed to the ground and the animal trotted off. The response to the flexion test was then noted with the first couple of strides the animal took. Flexion test was consistent with determining clinically the degree of osteoarthritis in a joint. Horses receiving placebo showed no change in arthritic condition, while those receiving 320 or 480 or 640 mg UC-II exhibited significant reduction in arthritic pain (P < 0.05). UC-II at 480 or 640 mg dose provided equal effects, and therefore, 480 mg dose was considered optimal. With this dose, reduction in overall pain was from 5.7 ± 0.42 (100%) to 0.7 ± 0.42 (12%); and in pain upon limb manipulation from 2.35 ± 0.37 (100%) to 0.52 ± 0.18 (22%). Although glucosamine and chondroitin treated group showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction in pain compared with pretreated values, the efficacy was less compared with that observed with UC-II. In fact, UC-II at 480 or 640 mg dose was found to be more effective than glucosamine and chondroitin in arthritic horses. Clinical condition (body weight, body temperature, respiration rate, and pulse rate), and liver (bilirubin, GGT, and ALP) and kidney (BUN and creatinine) functions remained unchanged, suggesting that these supplements were well tolerated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17831945" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="095e34ffdd9a57dac5c746200a874a52" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39733812,"asset_id":17831945,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39733812/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33871461" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KlausRohde">Klaus Rohde</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33871461" type="text/json">{"id":33871461,"first_name":"Klaus","last_name":"Rohde","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KlausRohde","display_name":"Klaus Rohde","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KlausRohde?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17831945 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17831945"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17831945, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17831945", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17831945 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17831945; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17831945"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17831945 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17831945"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17831945; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17831945]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17831945").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17831945").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17831945"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35830" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteoarthritis">Osteoarthritis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35830" type="text/json">{"id":35830,"name":"Osteoarthritis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteoarthritis?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="168196" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horses">Horses</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="168196" type="text/json">{"id":168196,"name":"Horses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horses?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="377343" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucosamine">Glucosamine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="377343" type="text/json">{"id":377343,"name":"Glucosamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucosamine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17831945]'), work: {"id":17831945,"title":"Therapeutic efficacy of undenatured type-II collagen (UC-II) in comparison to glucosamine and chondroitin in arthritic horses","created_at":"2015-11-05T16:13:59.684-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17831945/Therapeutic_efficacy_of_undenatured_type_II_collagen_UC_II_in_comparison_to_glucosamine_and_chondroitin_in_arthritic_horses?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_17831945","summary":"efficacy of undenatured type-II collagen (UC-II) in comparison to glucosamine and chondroitin in arthritic horses. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 32,[577][578][579][580][581][582][583][584] The present investigation evaluated arthritic pain in horses receiving daily placebo, undenatured type II collagen (UC-II) at 320, 480, or 640 mg (providing 80, 120, and 160 mg active UC-II, respectively), and glucosamine and chondroitin (5.4 and 1.8 g, respectively, bid for the first month, and thereafter once daily) for 150 days. Horses were evaluated for overall pain, pain upon limb manipulation, physical examination, and liver and kidney functions. Evaluation of overall pain was based upon a consistent observation of all subjects during a walk and a trot in the same pattern on the same surface. Pain upon limb manipulation was conducted after the walk and trot. It consisted of placing the affected joint in severe flexion for a period of 60 sec. The limb was then placed to the ground and the animal trotted off. The response to the flexion test was then noted with the first couple of strides the animal took. Flexion test was consistent with determining clinically the degree of osteoarthritis in a joint. Horses receiving placebo showed no change in arthritic condition, while those receiving 320 or 480 or 640 mg UC-II exhibited significant reduction in arthritic pain (P \u003c 0.05). UC-II at 480 or 640 mg dose provided equal effects, and therefore, 480 mg dose was considered optimal. With this dose, reduction in overall pain was from 5.7 ± 0.42 (100%) to 0.7 ± 0.42 (12%); and in pain upon limb manipulation from 2.35 ± 0.37 (100%) to 0.52 ± 0.18 (22%). Although glucosamine and chondroitin treated group showed significant (P \u003c 0.05) reduction in pain compared with pretreated values, the efficacy was less compared with that observed with UC-II. In fact, UC-II at 480 or 640 mg dose was found to be more effective than glucosamine and chondroitin in arthritic horses. Clinical condition (body weight, body temperature, respiration rate, and pulse rate), and liver (bilirubin, GGT, and ALP) and kidney (BUN and creatinine) functions remained unchanged, suggesting that these supplements were well tolerated.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39733812,"asset_id":17831945,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33871461,"first_name":"Klaus","last_name":"Rohde","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KlausRohde","display_name":"Klaus Rohde","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KlausRohde?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":35830,"name":"Osteoarthritis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteoarthritis?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":168196,"name":"Horses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horses?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":377343,"name":"Glucosamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucosamine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":572282,"name":"Combination drug therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combination_drug_therapy?f_ri=2898"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=2898"},{"id":726866,"name":"Chondroitin Sulfate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chondroitin_Sulfate?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1032982,"name":"Type II Collagen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Type_II_Collagen?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17823791" data-work_id="17823791" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17823791/Values_of_Sleep_Wake_Activity_Rest_Circadian_Rhythms_and_Fatigue_Prior_to_Adjuvant_Breast_Cancer_Chemotherapy">Values of Sleep/Wake, Activity/Rest, Circadian Rhythms, and Fatigue Prior to Adjuvant Breast Cancer Chemotherapy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Fatigue is the most prevalent and distressing symptom experienced by patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer. Higher fatigue levels have been related to sleep maintenance problems and low daytime activity in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17823791" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Fatigue is the most prevalent and distressing symptom experienced by patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer. Higher fatigue levels have been related to sleep maintenance problems and low daytime activity in patients who have received chemotherapy, but knowledge is sparse describing these relationships prior to chemotherapy. The Piper Integrated Fatigue Model© guided this study, which describes sleep/wake, activity/rest, circadian rhythms and fatigue, and how they inter-relate in women with Stage I, II or IIIA breast cancer during the 48 hours prior to the first adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. The present report describes these variables in 130 females, mean age = 51.4 years; the majority were married and employed. Subjective sleep was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and fatigue was measured by the Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS). Wrist actigraphy was used to objectively measure sleep/wake, activity/rest, and circadian rhythms. Mean PSQI score was 6.73 ±3.4, indicating poor sleep. Objective sleep/wake results were within limits of normal (WNL) established for healthy individuals, except for the number and length of night awakenings. Objective activity/rest results were WNL except for low mean daytime activity. Circadian rhythm mesor was 132.3(24.6) and amplitude was 97.2(22.8). Mean PFS score was 2.56 ±2.0, with 72% reporting mild fatigue. There were significant relationships between subjective and objective sleep, but no consistent patterns. Higher total and subscale fatigue scores were correlated with most components of poorer subjective sleep quality (r= 0.25 to 0.42, P = <0.005).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17823791" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0d15bda49098fcaba4471bd494aa56f9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39730175,"asset_id":17823791,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39730175/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37743562" href="https://unmc.academia.edu/BrettKuhn">Brett Kuhn</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37743562" type="text/json">{"id":37743562,"first_name":"Brett","last_name":"Kuhn","domain_name":"unmc","page_name":"BrettKuhn","display_name":"Brett Kuhn","profile_url":"https://unmc.academia.edu/BrettKuhn?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17823791 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17823791"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17823791, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17823791", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17823791 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17823791; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17823791"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17823791 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17823791"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17823791; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17823791]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17823791").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17823791").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17823791"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer">Breast Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6802" type="text/json">{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23076" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fatigue">Fatigue</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23076" type="text/json">{"id":23076,"name":"Fatigue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fatigue?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71225" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep_Quality">Sleep Quality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="71225" type="text/json">{"id":71225,"name":"Sleep Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep_Quality?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17823791]'), work: {"id":17823791,"title":"Values of Sleep/Wake, Activity/Rest, Circadian Rhythms, and Fatigue Prior to Adjuvant Breast Cancer Chemotherapy","created_at":"2015-11-05T13:59:00.846-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17823791/Values_of_Sleep_Wake_Activity_Rest_Circadian_Rhythms_and_Fatigue_Prior_to_Adjuvant_Breast_Cancer_Chemotherapy?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_17823791","summary":"Fatigue is the most prevalent and distressing symptom experienced by patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer. Higher fatigue levels have been related to sleep maintenance problems and low daytime activity in patients who have received chemotherapy, but knowledge is sparse describing these relationships prior to chemotherapy. The Piper Integrated Fatigue Model© guided this study, which describes sleep/wake, activity/rest, circadian rhythms and fatigue, and how they inter-relate in women with Stage I, II or IIIA breast cancer during the 48 hours prior to the first adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. The present report describes these variables in 130 females, mean age = 51.4 years; the majority were married and employed. Subjective sleep was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and fatigue was measured by the Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS). Wrist actigraphy was used to objectively measure sleep/wake, activity/rest, and circadian rhythms. Mean PSQI score was 6.73 ±3.4, indicating poor sleep. Objective sleep/wake results were within limits of normal (WNL) established for healthy individuals, except for the number and length of night awakenings. Objective activity/rest results were WNL except for low mean daytime activity. Circadian rhythm mesor was 132.3(24.6) and amplitude was 97.2(22.8). Mean PFS score was 2.56 ±2.0, with 72% reporting mild fatigue. There were significant relationships between subjective and objective sleep, but no consistent patterns. Higher total and subscale fatigue scores were correlated with most components of poorer subjective sleep quality (r= 0.25 to 0.42, P = \u003c0.005).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39730175,"asset_id":17823791,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37743562,"first_name":"Brett","last_name":"Kuhn","domain_name":"unmc","page_name":"BrettKuhn","display_name":"Brett Kuhn","profile_url":"https://unmc.academia.edu/BrettKuhn?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":23076,"name":"Fatigue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fatigue?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":71225,"name":"Sleep Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep_Quality?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":89121,"name":"Circadian Rhythm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Circadian_Rhythm?f_ri=2898"},{"id":133324,"name":"Sleep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep?f_ri=2898"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2898"},{"id":294768,"name":"Wakefulness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wakefulness?f_ri=2898"},{"id":380006,"name":"Rest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rest?f_ri=2898"},{"id":1440279,"name":"Adjuvant Chemotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adjuvant_Chemotherapy?f_ri=2898"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78163415" data-work_id="78163415" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78163415/Evaluation_of_the_Relative_Contributions_of_Various_Structures_in_Chronic_Low_Back_Pain">Evaluation of the Relative Contributions of Various Structures in Chronic Low Back Pain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78163415" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f566e5388c5e8bcf4dfef4f9e166e0b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85307392,"asset_id":78163415,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85307392/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38844593" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LaxmaiahManchikanti">Laxmaiah Manchikanti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38844593" type="text/json">{"id":38844593,"first_name":"Laxmaiah","last_name":"Manchikanti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LaxmaiahManchikanti","display_name":"Laxmaiah Manchikanti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LaxmaiahManchikanti?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38844593/70871785/59302964/s65_laxmaiah.manchikanti.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78163415 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78163415"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78163415, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78163415", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78163415]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_78163415").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_78163415").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="78163415"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40760" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_back_pain">Low back pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40760" type="text/json">{"id":40760,"name":"Low back pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_back_pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96959" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Back_Pain">Back Pain</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="96959" type="text/json">{"id":96959,"name":"Back Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Back_Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78163415]'), work: {"id":78163415,"title":"Evaluation of the Relative Contributions of Various Structures in Chronic Low Back Pain","created_at":"2022-05-01T17:55:10.076-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78163415/Evaluation_of_the_Relative_Contributions_of_Various_Structures_in_Chronic_Low_Back_Pain?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_78163415","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85307392,"asset_id":78163415,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38844593,"first_name":"Laxmaiah","last_name":"Manchikanti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LaxmaiahManchikanti","display_name":"Laxmaiah Manchikanti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LaxmaiahManchikanti?f_ri=2898","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38844593/70871785/59302964/s65_laxmaiah.manchikanti.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":40760,"name":"Low back pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_back_pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true},{"id":96959,"name":"Back Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Back_Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18212430 coauthored" data-work_id="18212430" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18212430/Risk_Factors_for_Chronic_Pain_Following_Breast_Cancer_Surgery_A_Prospective_Study">Risk Factors for Chronic Pain Following Breast Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Chronic pain following breast cancer surgery is associated with decreased health-related quality of life and is a source of additional psychosocial distress in women who are already confronting the multiple stresses of cancer. Few... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18212430" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Chronic pain following breast cancer surgery is associated with decreased health-related quality of life and is a source of additional psychosocial distress in women who are already confronting the multiple stresses of cancer. Few prospective studies have identified risk factors for chronic pain following breast cancer surgery. Putative demographic, clinical, and psychosocial risk factors for chronic pain were evaluated prospectively in 95 women scheduled for breast cancer surgery. In a multivariate analysis of the presence of chronic pain, only younger age was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing chronic pain 3 months after surgery. In an analysis of the intensity of chronic pain, however, more invasive surgery, radiation therapy after surgery, and clinically meaningful acute postoperative pain each independently predicted more intense chronic pain 3 months after surgery. Preoperative emotional functioning variables did not independently contribute to the prediction of either the presence or the intensity of chronic pain after breast cancer surgery. These findings not only increase understanding of risk factors for chronic pain following breast cancer surgery and the processes that may contribute to its development but also provide a basis for the development of preventive interventions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18212430" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="527be20bd9856b80c0f31b5869b821a9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39935868,"asset_id":18212430,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39935868/download_file?st=MTczOTgzODQ5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38281175" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JenniferKatz2">Jennifer Katz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38281175" type="text/json">{"id":38281175,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"Katz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JenniferKatz2","display_name":"Jennifer Katz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JenniferKatz2?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-18212430">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-18212430"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/EllenPoleshuck">Ellen Poleshuck</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/BethJung">Beth Jung</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-18212430'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-18212430').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18212430 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18212430"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18212430; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18212430]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18212430").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18212430").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18212430"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4479" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain">Chronic Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4479" type="text/json">{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer">Breast Cancer</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6802" type="text/json">{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=2898","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18212430]'), work: {"id":18212430,"title":"Risk Factors for Chronic Pain Following Breast Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Study","created_at":"2015-11-12T08:24:23.652-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18212430/Risk_Factors_for_Chronic_Pain_Following_Breast_Cancer_Surgery_A_Prospective_Study?f_ri=2898","dom_id":"work_18212430","summary":"Chronic pain following breast cancer surgery is associated with decreased health-related quality of life and is a source of additional psychosocial distress in women who are already confronting the multiple stresses of cancer. Few prospective studies have identified risk factors for chronic pain following breast cancer surgery. Putative demographic, clinical, and psychosocial risk factors for chronic pain were evaluated prospectively in 95 women scheduled for breast cancer surgery. In a multivariate analysis of the presence of chronic pain, only younger age was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing chronic pain 3 months after surgery. In an analysis of the intensity of chronic pain, however, more invasive surgery, radiation therapy after surgery, and clinically meaningful acute postoperative pain each independently predicted more intense chronic pain 3 months after surgery. Preoperative emotional functioning variables did not independently contribute to the prediction of either the presence or the intensity of chronic pain after breast cancer surgery. These findings not only increase understanding of risk factors for chronic pain following breast cancer surgery and the processes that may contribute to its development but also provide a basis for the development of preventive interventions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39935868,"asset_id":18212430,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38281175,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"Katz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JenniferKatz2","display_name":"Jennifer Katz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JenniferKatz2?f_ri=2898","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":38197298,"first_name":"Ellen","last_name":"Poleshuck","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EllenPoleshuck","display_name":"Ellen 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Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Therapy?f_ri=2898"},{"id":19354,"name":"Radiotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiotherapy?f_ri=2898"},{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=2898"},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=2898"},{"id":82844,"name":"Health related Quality of Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_related_Quality_of_Life?f_ri=2898"},{"id":97269,"name":"Chronic Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Disease?f_ri=2898"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=2898"},{"id":263281,"name":"Postoperative 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