Réaction exothermique

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aria-label="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Rechercher </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Navigation utilisateur"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Réaction exothermique</h1> <div class="tagline"> processus physique ou chimique produisant de la chaleur </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" 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href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9action_exothermique&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Modifier </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> En <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thermodynamique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thermodynamique">thermodynamique</a>, une réaction exothermique (du grec ancien ἔξω, « hors de » et θερμός, « chaud ») est un processus physico-chimique produisant de la chaleur. Dans une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_chimique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réaction chimique">réaction chimique</a> exothermique, l'énergie dégagée par la formation des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liaison_chimique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liaison chimique">liaisons chimiques</a> dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Produit_de_r%C3%A9action?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Produit de réaction">produits de réaction</a> est supérieure à l'énergie requise pour briser les liaisons dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9actif_(chimie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réactif (chimie)">réactifs</a>. Dans le cas contraire, une réaction qui consomme de la chaleur est dite « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_endothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réaction endothermique">endothermique</a> ». L'exemple le plus courant de réactions exothermiques est la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Combustion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Combustion">combustion</a>, processus le plus utilisé dans le monde pour produire de la chaleur que l'on peut convertir en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lectricit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Électricité">électricité</a> ou en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89nergie_m%C3%A9canique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Énergie mécanique">énergie mécanique</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ralit%C3%A9s">1 Généralités</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Premier_principe_de_la_thermodynamique">1.1 Premier principe de la thermodynamique</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Enthalpie_de_r%C3%A9action">1.2 Enthalpie de réaction</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89volution_de_la_temp%C3%A9rature">1.3 Évolution de la température</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Exemples_de_r%C3%A9actions_exothermiques">2 Exemples de réactions exothermiques</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Combustion">2.1 Combustion</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Oxydor%C3%A9duction">2.2 Oxydoréduction</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Autres_exemples">2.3 Autres exemples</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences">3 Références</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes">4 Articles connexes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes">5 Liens externes</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Généralités">Généralités</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9action_exothermique&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Généralités" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Premier_principe_de_la_thermodynamique">Premier principe de la thermodynamique</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9action_exothermique&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Premier principe de la thermodynamique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> Une transformation chimique étant un cas particulier de transformation thermodynamique, on peut y appliquer les lois de la thermodynamique. Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premier_principe_de_la_thermodynamique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premier principe de la thermodynamique">premier principe de la thermodynamique</a> relie la variation d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89nergie_interne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Énergie interne">énergie interne</a> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta U}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <mi> U </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \Delta U} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d4716a2c49bbbe155e8b399117ca78342e802cbe" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.718ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta U}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 3.718ex;height: 2.176ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d4716a2c49bbbe155e8b399117ca78342e802cbe" data-alt="{\displaystyle \Delta U}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert">  d'un système à la quantité de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chaleur_(thermodynamique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chaleur (thermodynamique)">chaleur</a> reçue <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> Q </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle Q} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8752c7023b4b3286800fe3238271bbca681219ed" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.838ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1.838ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8752c7023b4b3286800fe3238271bbca681219ed" data-alt="{\displaystyle Q}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert">  et à la quantité de travail reçue <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> W </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle W} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/54a9c4c547f4d6111f81946cad242b18298d70b7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.435ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 2.435ex;height: 2.176ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/54a9c4c547f4d6111f81946cad242b18298d70b7" data-alt="{\displaystyle W}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert">  : <dl> <dd> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta U=W+Q}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <mi> U </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mi> W </mi> <mo> + </mo> <mi> Q </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \Delta U=W+Q} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e613b3f8fe618c17ac26eeec745f7d4d92956592" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.931ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta U=W+Q}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13.931ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e613b3f8fe618c17ac26eeec745f7d4d92956592" data-alt="{\displaystyle \Delta U=W+Q}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> . </dd> </dl> Dans le cas d'une transformation à volume constant (réacteur fermé indéformable), le travail reçu est nul puisqu'il n'y a pas de variation de volume et <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta U=Q}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <mi> U </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mi> Q </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \Delta U=Q} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/876b041374282aa295ab428f39f29a29c1de484c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.655ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta U=Q}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8.655ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/876b041374282aa295ab428f39f29a29c1de484c" data-alt="{\displaystyle \Delta U=Q}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> . Dans le cas d'une transformation à pression constante, on peut montrer que la variation d'enthalpie est égale à la quantité de chaleur reçue par le système: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta H=Q}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <mi> H </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mi> Q </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \Delta H=Q} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af64f06c4772339dea9e5114d0395d8639609ef5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.936ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta H=Q}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8.936ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af64f06c4772339dea9e5114d0395d8639609ef5" data-alt="{\displaystyle \Delta H=Q}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> . Ce second cas étant plus courant, on utilise la variation d'enthalpie d'une réaction pour caractériser la chaleur reçue. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> Q </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle Q} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8752c7023b4b3286800fe3238271bbca681219ed" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.838ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1.838ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8752c7023b4b3286800fe3238271bbca681219ed" data-alt="{\displaystyle Q}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert">  est une grandeur algébrique: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q>0}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> Q </mi> <mo> > </mo> <mn> 0 </mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle Q>0} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0ce6854254e374a59457fe11f86469e1a44c29f7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.099ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q>0}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 6.099ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0ce6854254e374a59457fe11f86469e1a44c29f7" data-alt="{\displaystyle Q>0}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert">  si le système reçoit effectivement de la chaleur, et <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q<0}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> Q </mi> <mo> < </mo> <mn> 0 </mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle Q<0} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f720c0f66eb3e4f3d75084b9c7f09100b29277e7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.099ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q<0}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 6.099ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f720c0f66eb3e4f3d75084b9c7f09100b29277e7" data-alt="{\displaystyle Q<0}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert">  si le système cède de la chaleur au système extérieur<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a>. Ainsi dans le cas d'une réaction exothermique, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta H<0}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <mi> H </mi> <mo> < </mo> <mn> 0 </mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \Delta H<0} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e57201aba3f79014dbf0d4b2aa6e40bbbc61dfd9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:8.26ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta H<0}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8.26ex;height: 2.176ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e57201aba3f79014dbf0d4b2aa6e40bbbc61dfd9" data-alt="{\displaystyle \Delta H<0}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> . L'enthalpie étant une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonction_d%27%C3%A9tat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonction d'état">fonction d'état</a>, on peut calculer <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta H}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <mi> H </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \Delta H} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/385a86c9ced1913abd3606f6bfcec2c10c131cae" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.999ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta H}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 3.999ex;height: 2.176ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/385a86c9ced1913abd3606f6bfcec2c10c131cae" data-alt="{\displaystyle \Delta H}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert">  en faisant la différence entre l'enthalpie de l'état final et l'enthalpie de l'état initial. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Enthalpie_de_réaction">Enthalpie de réaction</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9action_exothermique&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Enthalpie de réaction" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> Pour une réaction chimique particulière, on peut calculer la variation d'enthalpie pour une transformation chimique qui convertirait totalement les réactifs en produits, par exemple pour l'oxydation du carbone en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dioxyde_de_carbone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dioxyde de carbone">dioxyde de carbone</a> : <dl> <dd> C + O2 → CO2. </dd> </dl> L'état initial correspond à une mole de carbone et une mole de dioxygène, et l'état final à une mole de CO2. La variation d'enthalpie correspondante est notée <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> r </mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mi> H </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b1353be1ddfdb23b94d8206008b06d3b55b33d4c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.876ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 4.876ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b1353be1ddfdb23b94d8206008b06d3b55b33d4c" data-alt="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert">  et est appelée « enthalpie de réaction », on la calcule en général à la pression de référence <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P^{0}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi> P </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle P^{0}} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3c3105fe6c995cfd258bdbb31e05fb67f3aaec3a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.876ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P^{0}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 2.876ex;height: 2.676ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3c3105fe6c995cfd258bdbb31e05fb67f3aaec3a" data-alt="{\displaystyle P^{0}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert">  = 1 bar, et elle est notée <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> r </mtext> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi> H </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d591d3389acca047267aed67470690d71d587a86" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.97ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 5.97ex;height: 3.009ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d591d3389acca047267aed67470690d71d587a86" data-alt="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> . Pour la calculer, on utilise les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enthalpie_standard_de_formation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enthalpie standard de formation">enthalpies standard de formation</a> des réactifs et des produits qui peuvent être trouvées dans des tables thermodynamiques<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a>. Pour la réaction citée plus haut, on obtient <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> r </mtext> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi> H </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d591d3389acca047267aed67470690d71d587a86" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.97ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 5.97ex;height: 3.009ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d591d3389acca047267aed67470690d71d587a86" data-alt="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert">  = −393 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilojoule par mole">kJ/mol</abbr>. C'est une réaction exothermique. Plus une réaction est exothermique plus elle produit des substances énergétiquement stables par rapport aux réactifs. L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxygène">oxygène</a> et l'hydrogène réagissent spontanément pour former de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eau">eau</a> (réaction exothermique). Par contre, la réaction inverse, c'est-à-dire transformer l'eau en hydrogène et en oxygène requiert une certaine quantité de chaleur (réaction endothermique). Une réaction est thermodynamiquement favorable dans le sens direct si son <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enthalpie_libre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enthalpie libre">enthalpie libre</a> de réaction est négative : <dl> <dd> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}G^{0}=\Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}-T\cdot \Delta _{\text{r}}S^{0}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> r </mtext> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi> G </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo> = </mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> r </mtext> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi> H </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo> − </mo> <mi> T </mi> <mo> ⋅ </mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> r </mtext> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi> S </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}G^{0}=\Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}-T\cdot \Delta _{\text{r}}S^{0}} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0ecc59b9e51cf1f340b9af154b5d3e743882307a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:26.307ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}G^{0}=\Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}-T\cdot \Delta _{\text{r}}S^{0}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26.307ex;height: 3.009ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0ecc59b9e51cf1f340b9af154b5d3e743882307a" data-alt="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}G^{0}=\Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}-T\cdot \Delta _{\text{r}}S^{0}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> . </dd> </dl> Le fait qu'une réaction soit exothermique est favorable pour que la réaction puisse se faire dans le sens direct, ce n'est cependant pas une condition suffisante puisque la variation d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Entropie_(thermodynamique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Entropie (thermodynamique)">entropie</a> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}S^{0}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> r </mtext> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi> S </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}S^{0}} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a0cf3b58851afb1ad0a9780be5fa15abdac63543" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.389ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}S^{0}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 5.389ex;height: 3.009ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a0cf3b58851afb1ad0a9780be5fa15abdac63543" data-alt="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}S^{0}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert">  et la température <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> T </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle T} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1.636ex;height: 2.176ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" data-alt="{\displaystyle T}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert">  influencent aussi le signe de l'enthalpie libre. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Évolution_de_la_température">Évolution de la température</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9action_exothermique&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Évolution de la température" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> Lors d'une transformation chimique exothermique, il y a libération de chaleur. Si on veut que la température reste constante, il faut évacuer la totalité de cette chaleur au moyen d'un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89changeur_de_chaleur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Échangeur de chaleur">échangeur de chaleur</a> ou d'un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thermostat_(thermodynamique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thermostat (thermodynamique)">thermostat</a>. Si le réacteur est totalement isolé sur le plan thermique, aucune chaleur ne peut être évacuée et sa température augmente (réacteur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Processus_adiabatique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Processus adiabatique">adiabatique</a>). L'augmentation de température correspondante s'appelle « augmentation adiabatique de température », elle peut être calculée en suivant le principe de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calorim%C3%A9trie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calorimétrie">calorimétrie</a>. Il faut faire le rapport entre l'énergie libérée et l'inertie thermique du milieu<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a>. Pour une réaction réalisée en partant d'un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St%C5%93chiom%C3%A9trie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stœchiométrie">mélange stœchiométrique</a> et avec un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avancement_de_r%C3%A9action?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avancement de réaction">taux d'avancement</a> de 100 % : <math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta T_{ad}=T_{\text{f}}-T_{\text{i}}={\dfrac {-\Delta _{\text{r}}H^{o}}{\sum _{i\,{\text{produits}}}\nu _{i}C_{pm,i}^{o}}},}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <msub> <mi> T </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi> a </mi> <mi> d </mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> = </mo> <msub> <mi> T </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> f </mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mo> − </mo> <msub> <mi> T </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> i </mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mo> = </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo> − </mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> r </mtext> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi> H </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi> o </mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <munder> <mo> ∑ </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi> i </mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> produits </mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mi> ν </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi> i </mi> </mrow> </msub> <msubsup> <mi> C </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi> p </mi> <mi> m </mi> <mo> , </mo> <mi> i </mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi> o </mi> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo> , </mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \Delta T_{ad}=T_{\text{f}}-T_{\text{i}}={\dfrac {-\Delta _{\text{r}}H^{o}}{\sum _{i\,{\text{produits}}}\nu _{i}C_{pm,i}^{o}}},} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8dedf7743da34af1714fefa8edf8febccf00a1dc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:37.142ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta T_{ad}=T_{\text{f}}-T_{\text{i}}={\dfrac {-\Delta _{\text{r}}H^{o}}{\sum _{i\,{\text{produits}}}\nu _{i}C_{pm,i}^{o}}},}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 37.142ex;height: 6.509ex;vertical-align: -3.005ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8dedf7743da34af1714fefa8edf8febccf00a1dc" data-alt="{\displaystyle \Delta T_{ad}=T_{\text{f}}-T_{\text{i}}={\dfrac {-\Delta _{\text{r}}H^{o}}{\sum _{i\,{\text{produits}}}\nu _{i}C_{pm,i}^{o}}},}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert">  les <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu _{i}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi> ν </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi> i </mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \nu _{i}} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dcb0577728049599bceabd5ed148f426e9d44308" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.948ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu _{i}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1.948ex;height: 2.009ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dcb0577728049599bceabd5ed148f426e9d44308" data-alt="{\displaystyle \nu _{i}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert">  sont les coefficients stœchiométriques et les <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C_{pm,i}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi> C </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi> p </mi> <mi> m </mi> <mo> , </mo> <mi> i </mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle C_{pm,i}} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d5e1eff82b960bab1007cfeb2a0d2fe1cbd6df7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:5.189ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C_{pm,i}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 5.189ex;height: 2.843ex;vertical-align: -1.005ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d5e1eff82b960bab1007cfeb2a0d2fe1cbd6df7a" data-alt="{\displaystyle C_{pm,i}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert">  sont les chaleurs spécifiques molaires des produits et des inertes présents en fin de réaction. On a bien <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta T_{ad}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <msub> <mi> T </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi> a </mi> <mi> d </mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \Delta T_{ad}} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4f9c0c5652eb8dd35ca2fe290aee341b10f79e89" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.255ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta T_{ad}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 5.255ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4f9c0c5652eb8dd35ca2fe290aee341b10f79e89" data-alt="{\displaystyle \Delta T_{ad}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert">  > 0 si <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> r </mtext> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi> H </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d591d3389acca047267aed67470690d71d587a86" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.97ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 5.97ex;height: 3.009ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d591d3389acca047267aed67470690d71d587a86" data-alt="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert">  < 0. En fonction de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cin%C3%A9tique_chimique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cinétique chimique">vitesse de réaction</a>, cette chaleur peut être dégagée rapidement. L'élévation de température qui s'ensuit conduit à une accélération de la vitesse de réaction. Le dégagement de chaleur et la vitesse de réaction créent une boucle de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9troaction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rétroaction">rétroaction</a>, ce qui conduit à l'emballement de la réaction qui peut devenir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Explosif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Explosif">explosive</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Exemples_de_réactions_exothermiques">Exemples de réactions exothermiques</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9action_exothermique&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Exemples de réactions exothermiques" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Combustion">Combustion</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9action_exothermique&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Combustion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> Les réactions de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Combustion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Combustion">combustion</a> sont de loin les réactions exothermiques les plus utilisées puisqu'elles sont à la base de la production d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89nergie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Énergie">énergie</a>: chaleur, électricité, énergie mécanique (moteur à explosion). En 2019, la combustion cumulée de produits pétroliers, de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaz_naturel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaz naturel">gaz naturel</a>, de charbon, de biomasse et de déchets a représenté un total de 3,2 × 1017 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilojoule">kJ</abbr><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a>. Par exemple pour le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9thane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Méthane">méthane</a>, composant principal du gaz naturel : <dl> <dd> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9thane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Méthane">CH4</a> + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O(gaz)       <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> r </mtext> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi> H </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d591d3389acca047267aed67470690d71d587a86" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.97ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 5.97ex;height: 3.009ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d591d3389acca047267aed67470690d71d587a86" data-alt="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert">  = −802 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilojoule par mole">kJ/mol</abbr>. </dd> </dl> Ainsi, une chaudière domestique à gaz d'une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puissance_(physique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puissance (physique)">puissance</a> de 10 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilowatt">kW</abbr> = 10 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilojoule par seconde">kJ/s</abbr> utilise au minimum 10/802 = 0,012 5 <abbr class="abbr" title="mole">mol</abbr> de méthane par seconde, ce qui représente environ 0,3 <abbr class="abbr" title="litre par seconde">L/s</abbr> de gaz dans les conditions ambiantes de température et de pression. Pour une molécule donnée, l'énergie produite par la réaction de combustion est appelée « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pouvoir_calorifique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pouvoir calorifique">pouvoir calorifique</a> ». <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Oxydoréduction">Oxydoréduction</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9action_exothermique&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Oxydoréduction" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> Les réactions entre des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxydant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxydant">oxydants</a> et des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9ducteur_(chimie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réducteur (chimie)">réducteurs</a> peuvent être fortement exothermiques. Par exemple, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_d%27oxydor%C3%A9duction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réaction d'oxydoréduction">réduction</a> de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxyde_de_fer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxyde de fer">oxyde de fer</a> par l'aluminium métallique, utilisée par les compagnies de chemins de fer pour effectuer la soudure des rails sur le terrain, est très exothermique. <dl> <dd> Fe2O3 + 2 Al → 2 Fe + Al2O3       <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> r </mtext> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi> H </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d591d3389acca047267aed67470690d71d587a86" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.97ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 5.97ex;height: 3.009ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d591d3389acca047267aed67470690d71d587a86" data-alt="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert">  = −795 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilojoule par mole">kJ/mol</abbr> </dd> </dl> La chaleur dégagée est telle que la température peut dépasser 2 000 <abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> et que le fer obtenu se trouve alors à l'état liquide ce qui permet de faire une soudure par ajout de matière<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a>,<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a>. Ces mélanges réactifs entre un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxyde_m%C3%A9tallique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxyde métallique">oxyde métallique</a> et un métal sont appelés « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thermite?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thermite">thermites</a> »<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a>. Les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9taux_alcalins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Métaux alcalins">métaux alcalins</a> (lithium, sodium, potassium) et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alcalino-terreux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcalino-terreux">alcalino-terreux</a> (magnésium) sont des réducteurs forts, ils réagissent violemment avec des molécules même faiblement oxydantes telles que l'eau. Ainsi un fragment métallique de sodium réagit violemment avec l'eau : <dl> <dd> Na + H2O → Na+(aq) + OH−(aq) + 0,5 H2       <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal"> Δ </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> r </mtext> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi> H </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}} </annotation> </semantics> </math> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d591d3389acca047267aed67470690d71d587a86" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.97ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 5.97ex;height: 3.009ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d591d3389acca047267aed67470690d71d587a86" data-alt="{\displaystyle \Delta _{\text{r}}H^{0}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert">  = −185 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilojoule par mole">kJ/mol</abbr>. </dd> </dl> Le sodium, bien que plus lourd que l'eau, ne s'y enfonce pas en raison de l'intense dégagement de gaz <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hydrogène">hydrogène</a> (inflammable) accompagné de la formation de soude caustique (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hydroxyde_de_sodium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hydroxyde de sodium">hydroxyde de sodium</a>) et d'un fort dégagement de chaleur qui peut enflammer l'hydrogène (expérience dangereuse). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Autres_exemples">Autres exemples</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9action_exothermique&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Autres exemples" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Compost_Heap.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Compost_Heap.jpg/220px-Compost_Heap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1284"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 262px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Compost_Heap.jpg/220px-Compost_Heap.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="262" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Compost_Heap.jpg/330px-Compost_Heap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Compost_Heap.jpg/440px-Compost_Heap.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Condensation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Condensation">brume</a> se levant au-dessus du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compostage_(biologie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compostage (biologie)">compost</a> prouve que l'action <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bacteria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteria">bactérienne</a> est exothermique. </figcaption> </figure> De nombreuses réactions impliquant des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_acido-basique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réaction acido-basique">acides ou des bases</a> sont exothermiques. Nombre de réactions de dissolution sont exothermiques, ceci explique pourquoi on observe un échauffement lors de la préparation de solutions d'acides ou de certains sels. On caractérise ce phénomène par l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_d%27enthalpies_de_dissolution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste d'enthalpies de dissolution">enthalpie de dissolution</a>. Certaines réactions exothermiques, sans être explosives, peuvent s'entretenir d'elles-mêmes dès qu'elles ont été déclenchées (l'élévation de température favorisant la vitesse de la réaction). C'est le cas de la fermentation sous l'action de levures (voir figure). </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Références">Références</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9action_exothermique&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://uel.unisciel.fr/chimie/chimther/chimther_ch03/co/apprendre_ch3_02.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Premier principe de la thermodynamique-Énergie interne U et enthalpie H</cite></a> », sur uel.unisciel.fr (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-06-16" data-sort-value="2020-06-16">16 juin 2020</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://uel.unisciel.fr/chimie/chimther/chimther_ch03/co/apprendre_ch3_12.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Premier principe de la thermodynamique-Calcul de l'enthalpie standard de réaction à 298 <abbr class="abbr" title="kelvin">K</abbr></cite></a> », sur uel.unisciel.fr (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-06-16" data-sort-value="2020-06-16">16 juin 2020</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cours-examens.org/images/Etudes_superieures/Pharmacie/2_annee/Chimie_minerale/lycee_fenelon/thermo_chimique/thermochimie_chapitre3.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Cours de thermochimie</cite></a> », sur cours-examen.org (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-06-16" data-sort-value="2020-06-16">16 juin 2020</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-browser/?country%3DWORLD%26fuel%3DEnergy%2520consumption%26indicator%3DTFCbySource"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">International Energy Agency: Data and Statistics</cite></a> », sur iea.org (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-05-29" data-sort-value="2022-05-29">29 mai 2022</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode et Edward E. Merser, Chimie des solutions, Édition Étude Vivante, 1991.</li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> Steven S. Zumdahl et Susan A. Zumdahl, Chimie générale, <abbr class="abbr" title="Troisième">3e</abbr> éd., Édition CEC, 2007.</li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_exothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> A. Osmond, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Poudres, explosifs et artifices</cite> », Techniques de l'Ingénieur,‎ <time>2021</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 17, article <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">no</abbr> AF 6715 V1<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Poudres%2C+explosifs+et+artifices&rft.jtitle=Techniques+de+l%27Ing%C3%A9nieur&rft.aulast=Osmond&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.date=2021&rft.pages=17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9action+exothermique">.</li> </ol> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> Sur les autres projets Wikimedia : <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/exothermique" class="extiw" title="wikt:exothermique">exothermique</a>, sur le Wiktionnaire</li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9action_exothermique&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9action_endothermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réaction endothermique">Réaction endothermique</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thermochimie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermochimie">Thermochimie</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9action_exothermique&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DR%C3%A9action_exothermique%26oldid%3D210108847">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Réaction_exothermique&oldid=210108847</a> ». </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9action_exothermique&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Dernière modification le 29 novembre 2023, à 14:44 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksotermies" title="Eksotermies – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Eksotermies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584_%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF_%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9" title="تفاعل طارد للحرارة – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تفاعل طارد للحرارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Екзотермична реакция – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Екзотермична реакция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%258B%25E0%25A7%258E%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%2580_%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="তাপোৎপাদী বিক্রিয়া – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাপোৎপাদী বিক্রিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzotermna_reakcija" title="Egzotermna reakcija – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Egzotermna reakcija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reacci%25C3%25B3_exot%25C3%25A8rmica" title="Reacció exotèrmica – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Reacció exotèrmica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8" title="Экзотермин реакци – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Экзотермин реакци" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotermick%25C3%25A1_reakce" title="Exotermická reakce – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Exotermická reakce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adwaith_ecsothermig" title="Adwaith ecsothermig – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Adwaith ecsothermig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoterm" title="Exoterm – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Exoterm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotherme_Reaktion" title="Exotherme Reaktion – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Exotherme Reaktion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2595%25CE%25BE%25CF%258E%25CE%25B8%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B7_%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BD%25CF%2584%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B4%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CF%2583%25CE%25B7" title="Εξώθερμη αντίδραση – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εξώθερμη αντίδραση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exothermic_reaction" title="Exothermic reaction – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Exothermic reaction" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekzoterma_reakcio" title="Ekzoterma reakcio – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ekzoterma reakcio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reacci%25C3%25B3n_exot%25C3%25A9rmica" title="Reacción exotérmica – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reacción exotérmica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksotermiline_reaktsioon" title="Eksotermiline reaktsioon – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eksotermiline reaktsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erreakzio_exotermiko" title="Erreakzio exotermiko – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erreakzio exotermiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25DA%25A9%25D9%2586%25D8%25B4_%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D9%2587" title="واکنش گرماده – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واکنش گرماده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksoterminen_reaktio" title="Eksoterminen reaktio – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eksoterminen reaktio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reacci%25C3%25B3n_exot%25C3%25A9rmica" title="Reacción exotérmica – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Reacción exotérmica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25AA%25D7%2592%25D7%2595%25D7%2591%25D7%2594_%25D7%2590%25D7%25A7%25D7%25A1%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA%25D7%25A8%25D7%259E%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA" title="תגובה אקסותרמית – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תגובה אקסותרמית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%258A%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="ऊष्माक्षेपी अभिक्रिया – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऊष्माक्षेपी अभिक्रिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyaksyon_egzot%25C3%25A8mik" title="Reyaksyon egzotèmik – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Reyaksyon egzotèmik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoterm_reakci%25C3%25B3" title="Exoterm reakció – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Exoterm reakció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%258B%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25BB%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BF%25D5%25AB%25D5%25B9_%25D5%25BC%25D5%25A5%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D6%2581%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580" title="Ջերմանջատիչ ռեակցիաներ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջերմանջատիչ ռեակցիաներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksotermik" title="Eksotermik – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eksotermik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exokalorala_reakto" title="Exokalorala reakto – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Exokalorala reakto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%2599%25BA%25E7%2586%25B1%25E5%258F%258D%25E5%25BF%259C" title="発熱反応 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="発熱反応" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D2%259B_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Экзотермикалық реакция – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Экзотермикалық реакция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25B0%259C%25EC%2597%25B4_%25EB%25B0%2598%25EC%259D%2591" title="발열 반응 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발열 반응" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Егзотермна реакција – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Егзотермна реакција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B4%25AE%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B4%259A%25E0%25B4%2595_%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25B5%25E0%25B5%25BC%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B4%2582" title="താപമോചക പ്രവർത്തനം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="താപമോചക പ്രവർത്തനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tindak_balas_eksotermik" title="Tindak balas eksotermik – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tindak balas eksotermik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksoterm_reaksjon" title="Eksoterm reaksjon – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Eksoterm reaksjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksoterm_reaksjon" title="Eksoterm reaksjon – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eksoterm reaksjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walnyaatinsa_hoo%2527in-baasaa" title="Walnyaatinsa hoo'in-baasaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Walnyaatinsa hoo'in-baasaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25A4%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25AA_%25E0%25A8%25A8%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A9%2580_%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%2586%25E0%25A8%25B5%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%2582" title="ਤਾਪ ਨਿਕਾਸੀ ਕਿਰਿਆਵਾਂ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਾਪ ਨਿਕਾਸੀ ਕਿਰਿਆਵਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reakcja_egzotermiczna" title="Reakcja egzotermiczna – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Reakcja egzotermiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rea%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o_exot%25C3%25A9rmica" title="Reação exotérmica – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reação exotérmica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reac%25C8%259Bie_exoterm%25C4%2583" title="Reacție exotermă – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Reacție exotermă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8" title="Экзотермические реакции – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Экзотермические реакции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exothermic_reaction" title="Exothermic reaction – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Exothermic reaction" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotermick%25C3%25A1_reakcia" title="Exotermická reakcia – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Exotermická reakcia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksotermna_reakcija" title="Eksotermna reakcija – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Eksotermna reakcija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotherm" title="Exotherm – saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Exotherm" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoterm_reaktion" title="Exoterm reaktion – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Exoterm reaktion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AF%2586%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AF%2581_%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%2588" title="வெப்பம் விடு வினை – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெப்பம் விடு வினை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%2589%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%2599" title="คายความร้อน – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คายความร้อน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekzotermik_reaksiyon" title="Ekzotermik reaksiyon – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ekzotermik reaksiyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D1%2596%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Екзотермічна реакція – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Екзотермічна реакція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA_%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D9%2584" title="حرارت زا تعامل – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حرارت زا تعامل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekzotermik_reaksiyalar" title="Ekzotermik reaksiyalar – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ekzotermik reaksiyalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%25E1%25BA%25A3n_%25E1%25BB%25A9ng_t%25E1%25BB%258Fa_nhi%25E1%25BB%2587t" title="Phản ứng tỏa nhiệt – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phản ứng tỏa nhiệt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2594%25BE%25E7%2583%25AD%25E5%258F%258D%25E5%25BA%2594" title="放热反应 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="放热反应" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%2586%2581%25E7%2586%25B1%25E5%258F%258D%25E6%2587%2589" title="䆁熱反應 – chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="䆁熱反應" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2594%25BE%25E7%2586%25B1%25E5%258F%258D%25E6%2587%2589" title="放熱反應 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="放熱反應" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul 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Réaction exothermique — Wikipédia