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ਤਾਪ ਨਿਕਾਸੀ ਕਿਰਿਆਵਾਂ - ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇਕ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼
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mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pa" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p><b>ਤਾਪ ਨਿਕਾਸੀ ਕਿਰਿਆਵਾਂ</b> ਉਹ ਰਸਾਇਣਿਕ ਕਿਰਿਆਵਾਂ ਜੋ ਗਰਮੀ ਦੀ ਊਰਜਾ ਨੂੰ ਛੱਡਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ ਤਾਪ ਨਿਕਾਸੀ ਕਿਰਿਆਵਾਂ ਕਹਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ। ਅੱਗ ਦਾ ਬਲਣਾ ਵੀ ਇੱਕ ਤਾਪ ਨਿਕਾਸੀ ਕਿਰਿਆ ਹੈ। ਆਪਣਾ ਸਰੀਰ ਗਰਮੀ ਮਹਿਸੂਸ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿਉਂਕੇ ਸਰੀਰ 'ਚ ਹਰ ਸਮੇਂ ਤਾਪ ਨਿਕਾਸੀ ਕਿਰਿਆਵਾਂ ਚੱਲਦੀਆਂ ਰਹਿੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਇਸ ਕਿਰਿਆ ਨੂੰ ਇਸ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਦਰਸਾਇਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।</p> <dl> <dd> ਅਭਿਕਾਰਕ → ਉਤਪਾਦ + ਊਰਜਾ </dd> <dd> ΔH = ਨੂੰ ਬੰਧਨ ਤੋੜਨ ਦੀ ਊਰਜਾ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। </dd> </dl> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Ac_com.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ac_com.svg/300px-Ac_com.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ac_com.svg/450px-Ac_com.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ac_com.svg/600px-Ac_com.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="334"></a> <figcaption> An <a href="https://pa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Energy_profile&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Energy profile (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">energy profile</a> of an exothermic reaction </figcaption> </figure> <p>ਜਦੋਂ <a href="https://pa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ਹਾਈਡਰੋਜਨ">ਹਾਈਡਰੋਜਨ</a> ਨੂੰ ਜਲਾਇਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਤਾਂ:</p> <dl> <dd> 2H<sub>2</sub> (g) + O<sub>2</sub> (g) → 2H<sub>2</sub>O (g) </dd> <dd> ΔH = −483.6 kJ/mol of O<sub>2</sub><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </dd> </dl> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="ਉਦਾਹਰਨ"><span id=".E0.A8.89.E0.A8.A6.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.A8"></span>ਉਦਾਹਰਨ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" 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href="https://pa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ਹੈਬਰ ਵਿਧੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਹੈਬਰ ਵਿਧੀ</a> ਰਾਹੀ ਤਿਆਰੀ</li> <li><a href="https://pa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ਸਾਹ ਕਿਰਿਆ">ਸਾਹ ਕਿਰਿਆ</a></li> <li>ਪੌਦਿਆਂ ਦਾ ਖਾਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਿਘਟਨ</li> <li>ਤਿਜ਼ਾਬ ਅਤੇ ਖਾਰ ਦੀ ਕਿਰਿਆ</li> </ul> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"> <tbody> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Wiki_letter_w.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Stub icon" 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.id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708030319/http://chemistry.osu.edu/~woodward/ch121/ch5_enthalpy.htm">"ਪੁਰਾਲੇਖ ਕੀਤੀ ਕਾਪੀ"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://chemistry.osu.edu/~woodward/ch121/ch5_enthalpy.htm">the original</a> on 2013-07-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchemistry.osu.edu%2F~woodward%2Fch121%2Fch5_enthalpy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA+%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://pa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="https://pa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div><!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐57f96f9bdb‐z86tw Cached time: 20250210113330 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.148 seconds Real time usage: 0.421 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 158/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6740/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 117/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8520/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.096/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2384306/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 162.419 1 -total 58.03% 94.257 1 ਫਰਮਾ:ਹਵਾਲੇ 45.16% 73.349 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Cite_web 41.86% 67.993 1 ਫਰਮਾ:ਅਧਾਰ 39.91% 64.826 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Asbox 1.13% 1.843 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key pawiki:pcache:64701:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250210113330 and revision id 589396. 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksotermies" title="Eksotermies – ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Eksotermies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584_%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF_%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9" title="تفاعل طارد للحرارة – ਅਰਬੀ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تفاعل طارد للحرارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Екзотермична реакция – ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Екзотермична реакция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%258B%25E0%25A7%258E%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%2580_%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="তাপোৎপাদী বিক্রিয়া – ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাপোৎপাদী বিক্রিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzotermna_reakcija" title="Egzotermna reakcija – ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Egzotermna reakcija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reacci%25C3%25B3_exot%25C3%25A8rmica" title="Reacció exotèrmica – ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Reacció exotèrmica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8" title="Экзотермин реакци – ਚੇਚਨ" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Экзотермин реакци" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ਚੇਚਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotermick%25C3%25A1_reakce" title="Exotermická reakce – ਚੈੱਕ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Exotermická reakce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ਚੈੱਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adwaith_ecsothermig" title="Adwaith ecsothermig – ਵੈਲਸ਼" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Adwaith ecsothermig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਲਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoterm" title="Exoterm – ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Exoterm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotherme_Reaktion" title="Exotherme Reaktion – ਜਰਮਨ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Exotherme Reaktion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2595%25CE%25BE%25CF%258E%25CE%25B8%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B7_%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BD%25CF%2584%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B4%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CF%2583%25CE%25B7" title="Εξώθερμη αντίδραση – ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εξώθερμη αντίδραση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exothermic_reaction" title="Exothermic reaction – ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Exothermic reaction" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekzoterma_reakcio" title="Ekzoterma reakcio – ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ekzoterma reakcio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reacci%25C3%25B3n_exot%25C3%25A9rmica" title="Reacción exotérmica – ਸਪੇਨੀ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reacción exotérmica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ਸਪੇਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksotermiline_reaktsioon" title="Eksotermiline reaktsioon – ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eksotermiline reaktsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erreakzio_exotermiko" title="Erreakzio exotermiko – ਬਾਸਕ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erreakzio exotermiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25DA%25A9%25D9%2586%25D8%25B4_%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D9%2587" title="واکنش گرماده – ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واکنش گرماده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksoterminen_reaktio" title="Eksoterminen reaktio – ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eksoterminen reaktio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25A9action_exothermique" title="Réaction exothermique – ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Réaction exothermique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reacci%25C3%25B3n_exot%25C3%25A9rmica" title="Reacción exotérmica – ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Reacción exotérmica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25AA%25D7%2592%25D7%2595%25D7%2591%25D7%2594_%25D7%2590%25D7%25A7%25D7%25A1%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA%25D7%25A8%25D7%259E%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA" title="תגובה אקסותרמית – ਹਿਬਰੂ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תגובה אקסותרמית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ਹਿਬਰੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%258A%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="ऊष्माक्षेपी अभिक्रिया – ਹਿੰਦੀ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऊष्माक्षेपी अभिक्रिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ਹਿੰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyaksyon_egzot%25C3%25A8mik" title="Reyaksyon egzotèmik – ਹੈਤੀਆਈ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Reyaksyon egzotèmik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ਹੈਤੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoterm_reakci%25C3%25B3" title="Exoterm reakció – ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Exoterm reakció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%258B%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25BB%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BF%25D5%25AB%25D5%25B9_%25D5%25BC%25D5%25A5%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D6%2581%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580" title="Ջերմանջատիչ ռեակցիաներ – ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջերմանջատիչ ռեակցիաներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksotermik" title="Eksotermik – ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eksotermik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exokalorala_reakto" title="Exokalorala reakto – ਇਡੂ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Exokalorala reakto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ਇਡੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%2599%25BA%25E7%2586%25B1%25E5%258F%258D%25E5%25BF%259C" title="発熱反応 – ਜਪਾਨੀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="発熱反応" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ਜਪਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D2%259B_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Экзотермикалық реакция – ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Экзотермикалық реакция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25B0%259C%25EC%2597%25B4_%25EB%25B0%2598%25EC%259D%2591" title="발열 반응 – ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발열 반응" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Егзотермна реакција – ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Егзотермна реакција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B4%25AE%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B4%259A%25E0%25B4%2595_%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25B5%25E0%25B5%25BC%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B4%2582" title="താപമോചക പ്രവർത്തനം – ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="താപമോചക പ്രവർത്തനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tindak_balas_eksotermik" title="Tindak balas eksotermik – ਮਲਯ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tindak balas eksotermik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਯ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksoterm_reaksjon" title="Eksoterm reaksjon – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Eksoterm reaksjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksoterm_reaksjon" title="Eksoterm reaksjon – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eksoterm reaksjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walnyaatinsa_hoo%2527in-baasaa" title="Walnyaatinsa hoo'in-baasaa – ਓਰੋਮੋ" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Walnyaatinsa hoo'in-baasaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="ਓਰੋਮੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reakcja_egzotermiczna" title="Reakcja egzotermiczna – ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Reakcja egzotermiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rea%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o_exot%25C3%25A9rmica" title="Reação exotérmica – ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reação exotérmica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reac%25C8%259Bie_exoterm%25C4%2583" title="Reacție exotermă – ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Reacție exotermă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8" title="Экзотермические реакции – ਰੂਸੀ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Экзотермические реакции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exothermic_reaction" title="Exothermic reaction – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Exothermic reaction" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotermick%25C3%25A1_reakcia" title="Exotermická reakcia – ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Exotermická reakcia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksotermna_reakcija" title="Eksotermna reakcija – ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Eksotermna reakcija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaksioni_ekzotermik" title="Reaksioni ekzotermik – ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Reaksioni ekzotermik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotherm" title="Exotherm – ਸਾਤਰਲੇਨਡੀ" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Exotherm" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਤਰਲੇਨਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoterm_reaktion" title="Exoterm reaktion – ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Exoterm reaktion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AF%2586%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AF%2581_%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%2588" title="வெப்பம் விடு வினை – ਤਮਿਲ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெப்பம் விடு வினை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ਤਮਿਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%2589%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%2599" title="คายความร้อน – ਥਾਈ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คายความร้อน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ਥਾਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekzotermik_reaksiyon" title="Ekzotermik reaksiyon – ਤੁਰਕੀ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ekzotermik reaksiyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D1%2596%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Екзотермічна реакція – ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Екзотермічна реакція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA_%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D9%2584" title="حرارت زا تعامل – ਉਰਦੂ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حرارت زا تعامل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ਉਰਦੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekzotermik_reaksiyalar" title="Ekzotermik reaksiyalar – ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ekzotermik reaksiyalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%25E1%25BA%25A3n_%25E1%25BB%25A9ng_t%25E1%25BB%258Fa_nhi%25E1%25BB%2587t" title="Phản ứng tỏa nhiệt – ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phản ứng tỏa nhiệt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2594%25BE%25E7%2583%25AD%25E5%258F%258D%25E5%25BA%2594" title="放热反应 – ਚੀਨੀ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="放热反应" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%2586%2581%25E7%2586%25B1%25E5%258F%258D%25E6%2587%2589" title="䆁熱反應 – ਚੀਨੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="䆁熱反應" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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